How to Create and Use a Virtual Environment in Python

A virtual environment lets you create an isolated Python setup for one project.

This is useful when you want to:

install packages without affecting other projects
keep project dependencies separate
avoid version conflicts between libraries

On this page, you will learn how to create a virtual environment, activate it, install packages inside it, and leave it when you are done.

Quick answer #

Use this when you want the fastest working setup:

python -m venv .venv

# Windows
.venv\Scripts\activate

# macOS/Linux
source .venv/bin/activate

pip install requests

deactivate

What these commands do:

python -m venv .venv creates a new virtual environment in a folder named .venv
activate turns that environment on in your terminal
pip install requests installs the requests package inside that environment
deactivate turns the environment off

What a virtual environment is #

A virtual environment is a separate folder that contains:

its own Python setup
its own pip
its own installed packages

This helps keep one project separate from another.

For example:

Project A can use one version of a package
Project B can use a different version
neither project breaks the other

This is one of the safest habits to learn early in Python.

When you should use one #

Use a virtual environment for almost every Python project.

It is especially helpful when:

you plan to install third-party packages with pip
you are following a tutorial that needs extra libraries
you want to keep your system Python clean
different projects need different package versions

For a tiny one-file practice script, it may not always be necessary. But it is still a good habit.

If you are new to installing packages, see how to install a Python package with pip.

Before you start #

Before creating the environment, make sure:

Python is installed
python works in your terminal or command prompt
you opened the terminal in your project folder
you picked a clear environment name such as .venv or venv

You can test Python with:

python --version

Example output:

Python 3.12.2

If this does not work, you may need to install Python on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Create the virtual environment #

Run this command in your project folder:

python -m venv .venv

What it does:

runs Python
uses the built-in venv module
creates a new folder named .venv

That folder stores the environment files and installed packages.

A simple project might look like this after creation:

my_project/
├── .venv/
└── app.py

Do not edit files inside .venv manually. Python and pip manage that folder for you.

Activate the virtual environment #

After creating the environment, activate it.

Windows Command Prompt #

.venv\Scripts\activate

Windows PowerShell #

.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

macOS and Linux #

source .venv/bin/activate

After activation:

package installs go into this environment
python and pip usually point to the environment versions
your terminal often shows the environment name at the start

For example, your prompt may change from:

C:\projects\my_project>

to:

(.venv) C:\projects\my_project>

Check that it is active #

You can confirm that the environment is active in a few ways.

Look at the terminal prompt #

Many terminals show the environment name, such as:

(.venv)

Check the Python version #

python --version

Check which `pip` is being used #

pip --version

You can also use:

python -m pip --version

This is often more reliable because it uses the current Python interpreter directly.

Check the Python path #

On Windows:

where python
where pip

On macOS/Linux:

which python
which pip

If the environment is active, these commands should point to files inside the .venv folder.

Install packages inside the environment #

Once the environment is active, you can install packages with pip.

Example:

pip install requests

This installs requests only inside the current project environment.

You can check installed packages with:

pip list

You can also test the package in Python code.

Create a file named app.py:

import requests

print("requests installed successfully")
print(requests.__version__)

Run it with:

python app.py

Example output:

requests installed successfully
2.32.3

If you are not sure how imports work, see how imports work in Python or how to import a module in Python.

Use the environment in your editor or IDE #

Many editors detect a .venv folder automatically.

If yours does not, choose the Python interpreter from the .venv folder manually.

This matters because:

Run and Debug should use the same interpreter as your terminal
installed packages must be available in both places
using the wrong interpreter can cause import errors

A common beginner problem is:

the package works in the terminal
but the editor says the module cannot be found

That usually means the editor is using a different Python interpreter.

If needed, this can also help when learning how to run Python code from the command line and IDEs.

Deactivate the environment #

When you are done, run:

deactivate

This returns your terminal to the global Python environment.

Important:

deactivate does not delete the environment
it only turns it off for the current terminal session
you can activate it again later

Delete and recreate an environment #

If you want to remove the environment, delete the .venv folder.

Then recreate it with:

python -m venv .venv

This is useful when:

the environment becomes broken
package versions get messy
you want a clean setup

After recreating it, install your packages again.

Save and restore dependencies #

If you want to reuse the same packages later, save them to a file.

Save installed packages #

pip freeze > requirements.txt

This creates a requirements.txt file.

Restore packages later #

pip install -r requirements.txt

This is useful when:

moving the project to another computer
sharing the project with someone else
recreating the environment from scratch

A common workflow looks like this:

python -m venv .venv

# activate the environment first

pip install requests
pip freeze > requirements.txt

Later, after deleting or recreating the environment:

python -m venv .venv

# activate the environment first

pip install -r requirements.txt

Common problems and quick fixes #

`python` command not found #

This usually means Python is not installed correctly, or it is not on your system PATH.

Try:

python --version

If that fails, review how to install Python on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Activation script is blocked in PowerShell #

On Windows PowerShell, you may get an execution policy error when running:

.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

Quick fixes:

use Command Prompt instead
or adjust the PowerShell execution policy if allowed on your system

Package installs to the wrong place #

This often happens when you run pip install before activating the environment.

Check:

pip --version
python -m pip --version

If the path does not point into .venv, activate the environment first.

`ModuleNotFoundError` after installing a package #

This usually means one of these things happened:

the package was installed in a different environment
the editor is using a different interpreter
the environment was not active during install

Related help:

Common mistakes #

These are the most common beginner mistakes with virtual environments:

trying to install packages before activating the environment
using the wrong activation command for the operating system or shell
running pip from the global Python instead of the environment
opening the editor with a different interpreter than the terminal
assuming deactivate deletes the environment

Useful commands for checking problems:

python --version
python -m venv .venv
pip --version
python -m pip --version
pip list

On Windows:

where python
where pip

On macOS/Linux:

which python
which pip

FAQ #

Do I need a virtual environment for every project? #

For most projects, yes. It keeps packages separate and avoids version conflicts.

What is the difference between `venv` and `pip`? #

venv creates the isolated environment. pip installs packages into that environment.

Should I name the folder `venv` or `.venv`? #

Both work. .venv is common because many editors recognize it and it stays less visible.

Does `deactivate` remove installed packages? #

No. It only stops using the environment in the current terminal session.

Usually no. Share a requirements.txt file instead, and let each person create their own environment.