[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":162135},["ShallowReactive",2],{"list-reference":3},[4,1672,3400,5101,7246,9451,10972,13150,15357,17817,19656,22222,24321,26603,28551,30462,32459,33899,35728,38253,40415,41644,43015,44663,46984,48828,50810,52504,53757,55451,57202,59174,60924,63024,64384,66335,67898,69889,71684,73584,76026,78104,80744,82773,84736,86924,88928,91241,92923,94368,95562,96740,98580,101020,102724,104739,106263,107508,108671,110053,112124,114021,115795,117661,119780,121520,122982,124576,126499,128176,130111,131600,134384,135961,137520,139548,141500,142963,144152,146038,147449,149145,150699,152121,153524,155422,157816,159647],{"id":5,"title":6,"body":7,"description":1665,"extension":1666,"meta":1667,"navigation":317,"path":1668,"seo":1669,"stem":1670,"__hash__":1671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":1637},"minimark",[10,14,23,26,39,42,47,129,132,152,158,162,167,170,186,189,215,218,222,225,243,246,273,276,342,344,359,369,381,385,388,442,444,464,467,491,499,503,508,514,516,555,557,566,573,591,594,606,610,615,620,623,644,646,704,706,714,717,721,753,755,763,766,770,775,823,825,833,837,897,899,907,910,914,918,921,947,956,973,1025,1027,1042,1053,1057,1060,1092,1099,1103,1108,1149,1151,1162,1165,1208,1210,1218,1222,1227,1249,1251,1260,1269,1273,1278,1300,1302,1373,1375,1427,1430,1433,1436,1518,1520,1551,1555,1559,1562,1566,1569,1573,1576,1580,1592,1596,1599,1603,1633],[11,12,6],"h1",{"id":13},"python-abs-function-explained",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"code",{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[15,24,25],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[27,28,29,33,36],"ul",{},[30,31,32],"li",{},"a number without its negative sign",[30,34,35],{},"the distance between two numbers",[30,37,38],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[15,40,41],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[43,44,46],"h2",{"id":45},"quick-example","Quick example",[48,49,54],"pre",{"className":50,"code":51,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n","python","",[19,55,56,85,101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58,61,65,69,72,74,78,82],"span",{"class":59,"line":60},"line",1,[57,62,64],{"class":63},"sptTA","print",[57,66,68],{"class":67},"sP7_E","(",[57,70,71],{"class":63},"abs",[57,73,68],{"class":67},[57,75,77],{"class":76},"smGrS","-",[57,79,81],{"class":80},"srdBf","7",[57,83,84],{"class":67},"))\n",[57,86,88,90,92,94,96,99],{"class":59,"line":87},2,[57,89,64],{"class":63},[57,91,68],{"class":67},[57,93,71],{"class":63},[57,95,68],{"class":67},[57,97,98],{"class":80},"3.5",[57,100,84],{"class":67},[57,102,104,106,108,110,112,114,117,120,123,127],{"class":59,"line":103},3,[57,105,64],{"class":63},[57,107,68],{"class":67},[57,109,71],{"class":63},[57,111,68],{"class":67},[57,113,77],{"class":76},[57,115,116],{"class":80},"2",[57,118,119],{"class":76},"+",[57,121,122],{"class":80},"3",[57,124,126],{"class":125},"sbsja","j",[57,128,84],{"class":67},[15,130,131],{},"Output:",[48,133,135],{"className":50,"code":134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[19,136,137,142,147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138,139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140,141],{"class":80},"7\n",[57,143,144],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145,146],{"class":80},"3.5\n",[57,148,149],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,150,151],{"class":80},"3.605551275463989\n",[15,153,154,155,157],{},"Use ",[19,156,21],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[43,159,161],{"id":160},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[15,163,164,166],{},[19,165,21],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[15,168,169],{},"That means:",[27,171,172,175,178],{},[30,173,174],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[30,176,177],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[30,179,180,183,184],{},[19,181,182],{},"0"," stays ",[19,185,182],{},[15,187,188],{},"Examples:",[27,190,191,200,208],{},[30,192,193,196,197],{},[19,194,195],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[19,198,199],{},"5",[30,201,202,196,205],{},[19,203,204],{},"abs(9)",[19,206,207],{},"9",[30,209,210,196,213],{},[19,211,212],{},"abs(0)",[19,214,182],{},[15,216,217],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[43,219,221],{"id":220},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[15,223,224],{},"The syntax is:",[48,226,228],{"className":50,"code":227,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(x)\n",[19,229,230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,231,232,234,236,240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,233,71],{"class":63},[57,235,68],{"class":67},[57,237,239],{"class":238},"slqww","x",[57,241,242],{"class":67},")\n",[15,244,245],{},"Here:",[27,247,248,265,270],{},[30,249,250,252,253,256,257,260,261,264],{},[19,251,239],{}," is usually an ",[19,254,255],{},"int",", ",[19,258,259],{},"float",", or ",[19,262,263],{},"complex"," number",[30,266,267,269],{},[19,268,21],{}," returns a new value",[30,271,272],{},"it does not change the original variable",[15,274,275],{},"Example:",[48,277,279],{"className":50,"code":278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[19,280,281,296,313,319,330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,282,283,287,290,293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,284,286],{"class":285},"su5hD","number ",[57,288,289],{"class":76},"=",[57,291,292],{"class":76}," -",[57,294,295],{"class":80},"12\n",[57,297,298,301,303,306,308,311],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,299,300],{"class":285},"result ",[57,302,289],{"class":76},[57,304,305],{"class":63}," abs",[57,307,68],{"class":67},[57,309,310],{"class":238},"number",[57,312,242],{"class":67},[57,314,315],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,316,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},true,"\n",[57,320,322,324,326,328],{"class":59,"line":321},4,[57,323,64],{"class":63},[57,325,68],{"class":67},[57,327,310],{"class":238},[57,329,242],{"class":67},[57,331,333,335,337,340],{"class":59,"line":332},5,[57,334,64],{"class":63},[57,336,68],{"class":67},[57,338,339],{"class":238},"result",[57,341,242],{"class":67},[15,343,131],{},[48,345,347],{"className":50,"code":346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-12\n12\n",[19,348,349,355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,350,351,353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,352,77],{"class":76},[57,354,295],{"class":80},[57,356,357],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,358,295],{"class":80},[15,360,361,362,364,365,368],{},"Notice that ",[19,363,310],{}," is still ",[19,366,367],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[15,370,371,372,380],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[373,374,376,379],"a",{"href":375},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[19,377,378],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[43,382,384],{"id":383},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[15,386,387],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[48,389,391],{"className":50,"code":390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[19,392,393,410,425],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,394,395,397,399,401,403,405,408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,396,64],{"class":63},[57,398,68],{"class":67},[57,400,71],{"class":63},[57,402,68],{"class":67},[57,404,77],{"class":76},[57,406,407],{"class":80},"10",[57,409,84],{"class":67},[57,411,412,414,416,418,420,423],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,413,64],{"class":63},[57,415,68],{"class":67},[57,417,71],{"class":63},[57,419,68],{"class":67},[57,421,422],{"class":80},"8",[57,424,84],{"class":67},[57,426,427,429,431,433,435,437,440],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,428,64],{"class":63},[57,430,68],{"class":67},[57,432,71],{"class":63},[57,434,68],{"class":67},[57,436,77],{"class":76},[57,438,439],{"class":80},"4.2",[57,441,84],{"class":67},[15,443,131],{},[48,445,447],{"className":50,"code":446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[19,448,449,454,459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,450,451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,452,453],{"class":80},"10\n",[57,455,456],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,457,458],{"class":80},"8\n",[57,460,461],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,462,463],{"class":80},"4.2\n",[15,465,466],{},"What each line does:",[27,468,469,477,484],{},[30,470,471,474,475],{},[19,472,473],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[19,476,407],{},[30,478,479,474,482],{},[19,480,481],{},"abs(8)",[19,483,422],{},[30,485,486,474,489],{},[19,487,488],{},"abs(-4.2)",[19,490,439],{},[15,492,493,494,498],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[373,495,497],{"href":496},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",".",[43,500,502],{"id":501},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[15,504,505,507],{},[19,506,21],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[15,509,510,511,513],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[19,512,182],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[15,515,275],{},[48,517,519],{"className":50,"code":518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[19,520,521,540],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,522,523,526,528,531,534,537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,524,525],{"class":285},"value ",[57,527,289],{"class":76},[57,529,530],{"class":80}," 3",[57,532,533],{"class":76}," +",[57,535,536],{"class":80}," 4",[57,538,539],{"class":125},"j\n",[57,541,542,544,546,548,550,553],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,543,64],{"class":63},[57,545,68],{"class":67},[57,547,71],{"class":63},[57,549,68],{"class":67},[57,551,552],{"class":238},"value",[57,554,84],{"class":67},[15,556,131],{},[48,558,560],{"className":50,"code":559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n",[19,561,562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,563,564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,565,559],{"class":80},[15,567,568,569,572],{},"Why ",[19,570,571],{},"5.0","?",[27,574,575,580,586],{},[30,576,577,578],{},"the real part is ",[19,579,122],{},[30,581,582,583],{},"the imaginary part is ",[19,584,585],{},"4",[30,587,588,589],{},"the magnitude is ",[19,590,571],{},[15,592,593],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[27,595,596,603],{},[30,597,598,600,601],{},[19,599,21],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[19,602,259],{},[30,604,605],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[43,607,609],{"id":608},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[15,611,612,613,498],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[19,614,21],{},[616,617,619],"h3",{"id":618},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[15,621,622],{},"A very common pattern is:",[48,624,626],{"className":50,"code":625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(a - b)\n",[19,627,628],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,629,630,632,634,637,639,642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,631,71],{"class":63},[57,633,68],{"class":67},[57,635,636],{"class":238},"a ",[57,638,77],{"class":76},[57,640,641],{"class":238}," b",[57,643,242],{"class":67},[15,645,275],{},[48,647,649],{"className":50,"code":648,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[19,650,651,660,670,674,693],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,652,653,655,657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,654,636],{"class":285},[57,656,289],{"class":76},[57,658,659],{"class":80}," 3\n",[57,661,662,665,667],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,663,664],{"class":285},"b ",[57,666,289],{"class":76},[57,668,669],{"class":80}," 10\n",[57,671,672],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,673,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,675,676,679,681,683,685,687,689,691],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,677,678],{"class":285},"distance ",[57,680,289],{"class":76},[57,682,305],{"class":63},[57,684,68],{"class":67},[57,686,636],{"class":238},[57,688,77],{"class":76},[57,690,641],{"class":238},[57,692,242],{"class":67},[57,694,695,697,699,702],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,696,64],{"class":63},[57,698,68],{"class":67},[57,700,701],{"class":238},"distance",[57,703,242],{"class":67},[15,705,131],{},[48,707,708],{"className":50,"code":141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,709,710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,711,712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,713,141],{"class":80},[15,715,716],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[616,718,720],{"id":719},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[48,722,724],{"className":50,"code":723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[19,725,726,738],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,727,728,731,733,735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,729,730],{"class":285},"temperature_change ",[57,732,289],{"class":76},[57,734,292],{"class":76},[57,736,737],{"class":80},"6\n",[57,739,740,742,744,746,748,751],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,741,64],{"class":63},[57,743,68],{"class":67},[57,745,71],{"class":63},[57,747,68],{"class":67},[57,749,750],{"class":238},"temperature_change",[57,752,84],{"class":67},[15,754,131],{},[48,756,757],{"className":50,"code":737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,758,759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,760,761],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,762,737],{"class":80},[15,764,765],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[616,767,769],{"id":768},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[15,771,772,773,380],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[19,774,21],{},[48,776,778],{"className":50,"code":777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[19,779,780,792,808,812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,781,782,785,787,789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,783,784],{"class":285},"balance_change ",[57,786,289],{"class":76},[57,788,292],{"class":76},[57,790,791],{"class":80},"25\n",[57,793,794,797,799,801,803,806],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,795,796],{"class":285},"safe_value ",[57,798,289],{"class":76},[57,800,305],{"class":63},[57,802,68],{"class":67},[57,804,805],{"class":238},"balance_change",[57,807,242],{"class":67},[57,809,810],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,811,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,813,814,816,818,821],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,815,64],{"class":63},[57,817,68],{"class":67},[57,819,820],{"class":238},"safe_value",[57,822,242],{"class":67},[15,824,131],{},[48,826,827],{"className":50,"code":791,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,828,829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,830,831],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,832,791],{"class":80},[616,834,836],{"id":835},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[48,838,840],{"className":50,"code":839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[19,841,842,852,862,866,886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,843,844,847,849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,845,846],{"class":285},"guess ",[57,848,289],{"class":76},[57,850,851],{"class":80}," 42\n",[57,853,854,857,859],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,855,856],{"class":285},"target ",[57,858,289],{"class":76},[57,860,861],{"class":80}," 50\n",[57,863,864],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,865,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,867,868,871,873,875,877,879,881,884],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,869,870],{"class":285},"difference ",[57,872,289],{"class":76},[57,874,305],{"class":63},[57,876,68],{"class":67},[57,878,846],{"class":238},[57,880,77],{"class":76},[57,882,883],{"class":238}," target",[57,885,242],{"class":67},[57,887,888,890,892,895],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,889,64],{"class":63},[57,891,68],{"class":67},[57,893,894],{"class":238},"difference",[57,896,242],{"class":67},[15,898,131],{},[48,900,901],{"className":50,"code":458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,902,903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,904,905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,906,458],{"class":80},[15,908,909],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[43,911,913],{"id":912},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[616,915,917],{"id":916},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[15,919,920],{},"This causes an error:",[48,922,924],{"className":50,"code":923,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[19,925,926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,927,928,930,932,934,936,940,943,945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,929,64],{"class":63},[57,931,68],{"class":67},[57,933,71],{"class":63},[57,935,68],{"class":67},[57,937,939],{"class":938},"sjJ54","\"",[57,941,199],{"class":942},"s_sjI",[57,944,939],{"class":938},[57,946,84],{"class":67},[15,948,949,952,953,955],{},[19,950,951],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[19,954,21],{}," needs a numeric value.",[15,957,958,959,965,966,972],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[373,960,962],{"href":961},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[19,963,964],{},"int()"," or ",[373,967,969],{"href":968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[19,970,971],{},"float()",":",[48,974,976],{"className":50,"code":975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[19,977,978,1002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,979,980,982,984,986,988,991,993,995,997,999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,981,64],{"class":63},[57,983,68],{"class":67},[57,985,71],{"class":63},[57,987,68],{"class":67},[57,989,255],{"class":990},"sZMiF",[57,992,68],{"class":67},[57,994,939],{"class":938},[57,996,199],{"class":942},[57,998,939],{"class":938},[57,1000,1001],{"class":67},")))\n",[57,1003,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1021,1023],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1005,64],{"class":63},[57,1007,68],{"class":67},[57,1009,71],{"class":63},[57,1011,68],{"class":67},[57,1013,259],{"class":990},[57,1015,68],{"class":67},[57,1017,939],{"class":938},[57,1019,1020],{"class":942},"-3.2",[57,1022,939],{"class":938},[57,1024,1001],{"class":67},[15,1026,131],{},[48,1028,1030],{"className":50,"code":1029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n3.2\n",[19,1031,1032,1037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1033,1034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1035,1036],{"class":80},"5\n",[57,1038,1039],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1040,1041],{"class":80},"3.2\n",[15,1043,1044,1045,1048,1049,498],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[19,1046,1047],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[373,1050,1052],{"href":1051},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[616,1054,1056],{"id":1055},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[15,1058,1059],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[48,1061,1063],{"className":50,"code":1062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[19,1064,1065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1066,1067,1069,1071,1073,1076,1079,1082,1085,1087,1089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1068,64],{"class":63},[57,1070,68],{"class":67},[57,1072,71],{"class":63},[57,1074,1075],{"class":67},"([",[57,1077,1078],{"class":80},"1",[57,1080,1081],{"class":67},",",[57,1083,1084],{"class":80}," 2",[57,1086,1081],{"class":67},[57,1088,530],{"class":80},[57,1090,1091],{"class":67},"]))\n",[15,1093,1094,1095,1098],{},"This raises a ",[19,1096,1097],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[616,1100,1102],{"id":1101},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[15,1104,1105,1107],{},[19,1106,21],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[48,1109,1111],{"className":50,"code":1110,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[19,1112,1113,1125,1135,1139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1114,1115,1118,1120,1122],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1116,1117],{"class":285},"x ",[57,1119,289],{"class":76},[57,1121,292],{"class":76},[57,1123,1124],{"class":80},"9\n",[57,1126,1127,1129,1131,1133],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1128,71],{"class":63},[57,1130,68],{"class":67},[57,1132,239],{"class":238},[57,1134,242],{"class":67},[57,1136,1137],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1138,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,1140,1141,1143,1145,1147],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,1142,64],{"class":63},[57,1144,68],{"class":67},[57,1146,239],{"class":238},[57,1148,242],{"class":67},[15,1150,131],{},[48,1152,1154],{"className":50,"code":1153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-9\n",[19,1155,1156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1157,1158,1160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1159,77],{"class":76},[57,1161,1124],{"class":80},[15,1163,1164],{},"If you want to store the result:",[48,1166,1168],{"className":50,"code":1167,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[19,1169,1170,1180,1194,1198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1171,1172,1174,1176,1178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1173,1117],{"class":285},[57,1175,289],{"class":76},[57,1177,292],{"class":76},[57,1179,1124],{"class":80},[57,1181,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1183,1117],{"class":285},[57,1185,289],{"class":76},[57,1187,305],{"class":63},[57,1189,68],{"class":67},[57,1191,239],{"class":238},[57,1193,242],{"class":67},[57,1195,1196],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1197,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,1199,1200,1202,1204,1206],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,1201,64],{"class":63},[57,1203,68],{"class":67},[57,1205,239],{"class":238},[57,1207,242],{"class":67},[15,1209,131],{},[48,1211,1212],{"className":50,"code":1124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,1213,1214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1215,1216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1217,1124],{"class":80},[616,1219,1221],{"id":1220},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[15,1223,1224,1226],{},[19,1225,21],{}," does not round numbers.",[48,1228,1230],{"className":50,"code":1229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[19,1231,1232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1233,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1247],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1235,64],{"class":63},[57,1237,68],{"class":67},[57,1239,71],{"class":63},[57,1241,68],{"class":67},[57,1243,77],{"class":76},[57,1245,1246],{"class":80},"4.7",[57,1248,84],{"class":67},[15,1250,131],{},[48,1252,1254],{"className":50,"code":1253,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.7\n",[19,1255,1256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1257,1258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1259,1253],{"class":80},[15,1261,1262,1263,1265,1266,1268],{},"If you expected ",[19,1264,199],{},", that is a different operation. ",[19,1267,21],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[43,1270,1272],{"id":1271},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[15,1274,1275,1277],{},[19,1276,21],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[27,1279,1280,1287,1294],{},[30,1281,1282,1284,1285],{},[19,1283,255],{}," input → returns an ",[19,1286,255],{},[30,1288,1289,1291,1292],{},[19,1290,259],{}," input → returns a ",[19,1293,259],{},[30,1295,1296,1291,1298],{},[19,1297,263],{},[19,1299,259],{},[15,1301,275],{},[48,1303,1305],{"className":50,"code":1304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[19,1306,1307,1328,1349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1308,1309,1311,1313,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1310,64],{"class":63},[57,1312,68],{"class":67},[57,1314,1315],{"class":990},"type",[57,1317,68],{"class":67},[57,1319,71],{"class":63},[57,1321,68],{"class":67},[57,1323,77],{"class":76},[57,1325,199],{"class":80},[57,1327,1001],{"class":67},[57,1329,1330,1332,1334,1336,1338,1340,1342,1344,1347],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1331,64],{"class":63},[57,1333,68],{"class":67},[57,1335,1315],{"class":990},[57,1337,68],{"class":67},[57,1339,71],{"class":63},[57,1341,68],{"class":67},[57,1343,77],{"class":76},[57,1345,1346],{"class":80},"3.2",[57,1348,1001],{"class":67},[57,1350,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1352,64],{"class":63},[57,1354,68],{"class":67},[57,1356,1315],{"class":990},[57,1358,68],{"class":67},[57,1360,71],{"class":63},[57,1362,68],{"class":67},[57,1364,122],{"class":80},[57,1366,533],{"class":76},[57,1368,536],{"class":80},[57,1370,126],{"class":125},[57,1372,1001],{"class":67},[15,1374,131],{},[48,1376,1378],{"className":50,"code":1377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[19,1379,1380,1399,1413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1381,1382,1385,1388,1391,1393,1396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1383,1384],{"class":76},"\u003C",[57,1386,1387],{"class":125},"class",[57,1389,1390],{"class":938}," '",[57,1392,255],{"class":942},[57,1394,1395],{"class":938},"'",[57,1397,1398],{"class":76},">\n",[57,1400,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1402,1384],{"class":76},[57,1404,1387],{"class":125},[57,1406,1390],{"class":938},[57,1408,259],{"class":942},[57,1410,1395],{"class":938},[57,1412,1398],{"class":76},[57,1414,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1416,1384],{"class":76},[57,1418,1387],{"class":125},[57,1420,1390],{"class":938},[57,1422,259],{"class":942},[57,1424,1395],{"class":938},[57,1426,1398],{"class":76},[15,1428,1429],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[15,1431,1432],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[15,1434,1435],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[48,1437,1439],{"className":50,"code":1438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[19,1440,1441,1456,1466,1480,1484,1498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1442,1443,1445,1447,1450,1453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1444,525],{"class":285},[57,1446,289],{"class":76},[57,1448,1449],{"class":938}," \"",[57,1451,1452],{"class":942},"-5",[57,1454,1455],{"class":938},"\"\n",[57,1457,1458,1460,1462,1464],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1459,64],{"class":63},[57,1461,68],{"class":67},[57,1463,552],{"class":238},[57,1465,242],{"class":67},[57,1467,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1469,64],{"class":63},[57,1471,68],{"class":67},[57,1473,1315],{"class":990},[57,1475,68],{"class":67},[57,1477,552],{"class":238},[57,1479,84],{"class":67},[57,1481,1482],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,1483,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,1485,1486,1489,1491,1493,1496],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,1487,1488],{"class":285},"user_input ",[57,1490,289],{"class":76},[57,1492,1449],{"class":938},[57,1494,1495],{"class":942},"-3.7",[57,1497,1455],{"class":938},[57,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1516],{"class":59,"line":1500},6,[57,1502,64],{"class":63},[57,1504,68],{"class":67},[57,1506,71],{"class":63},[57,1508,68],{"class":67},[57,1510,259],{"class":990},[57,1512,68],{"class":67},[57,1514,1515],{"class":238},"user_input",[57,1517,1001],{"class":67},[15,1519,131],{},[48,1521,1523],{"className":50,"code":1522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[19,1524,1525,1531,1546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1526,1527,1529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1528,77],{"class":76},[57,1530,1036],{"class":80},[57,1532,1533,1535,1537,1539,1542,1544],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1534,1384],{"class":76},[57,1536,1387],{"class":125},[57,1538,1390],{"class":938},[57,1540,1541],{"class":942},"str",[57,1543,1395],{"class":938},[57,1545,1398],{"class":76},[57,1547,1548],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1549,1550],{"class":80},"3.7\n",[43,1552,1554],{"id":1553},"faq","FAQ",[616,1556,1558],{"id":1557},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[15,1560,1561],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[616,1563,1565],{"id":1564},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[15,1567,1568],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[616,1570,1572],{"id":1571},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[15,1574,1575],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[616,1577,1579],{"id":1578},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[15,1581,1582,1584,1585,965,1587,1589,1590,498],{},[19,1583,1047],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[19,1586,964],{},[19,1588,971],{}," before using ",[19,1591,21],{},[616,1593,1595],{"id":1594},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[15,1597,1598],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[43,1600,1602],{"id":1601},"see-also","See also",[27,1604,1605,1612,1618,1624,1629],{},[30,1606,1607],{},[373,1608,1609,1611],{"href":961},[19,1610,964],{}," function explained",[30,1613,1614],{},[373,1615,1616,1611],{"href":968},[19,1617,971],{},[30,1619,1620],{},[373,1621,1622,1611],{"href":375},[19,1623,378],{},[30,1625,1626],{},[373,1627,1628],{"href":1051},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[30,1630,1631],{},[373,1632,497],{"href":496},[1634,1635,1636],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":1638},[1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1650,1656,1657,1664],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":160,"depth":87,"text":161},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":383,"depth":87,"text":384},{"id":501,"depth":87,"text":502},{"id":608,"depth":87,"text":609,"children":1645},[1646,1647,1648,1649],{"id":618,"depth":103,"text":619},{"id":719,"depth":103,"text":720},{"id":768,"depth":103,"text":769},{"id":835,"depth":103,"text":836},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":1651},[1652,1653,1654,1655],{"id":916,"depth":103,"text":917},{"id":1055,"depth":103,"text":1056},{"id":1101,"depth":103,"text":1102},{"id":1220,"depth":103,"text":1221},{"id":1271,"depth":87,"text":1272},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":1658},[1659,1660,1661,1662,1663],{"id":1557,"depth":103,"text":1558},{"id":1564,"depth":103,"text":1565},{"id":1571,"depth":103,"text":1572},{"id":1578,"depth":103,"text":1579},{"id":1594,"depth":103,"text":1595},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":6,"description":1665},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":1673,"title":1674,"body":1675,"description":3394,"extension":1666,"meta":3395,"navigation":317,"path":3396,"seo":3397,"stem":3398,"__hash__":3399},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":1676,"toc":3358},[1677,1685,1691,1694,1711,1715,1774,1784,1791,1795,1814,1817,1834,1837,1841,1849,1867,1870,1910,1913,1920,1926,2004,2006,2038,2044,2048,2052,2091,2093,2102,2109,2113,2152,2154,2163,2173,2177,2233,2235,2243,2246,2249,2296,2298,2306,2312,2319,2324,2327,2330,2397,2399,2407,2410,2477,2479,2487,2501,2504,2516,2520,2526,2529,2531,2547,2549,2557,2560,2563,2566,2583,2586,2589,2619,2621,2634,2638,2642,2645,2660,2665,2668,2695,2702,2705,2745,2752,2758,2766,2769,2821,2828,2893,2898,2907,2910,2928,2934,2937,3079,3085,3090,3093,3104,3107,3163,3165,3173,3176,3235,3237,3245,3248,3259,3261,3268,3277,3286,3289,3296,3299,3308,3321,3323,3355],[11,1678,1680,1681,1684],{"id":1679},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[19,1682,1683],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[15,1686,1687,1688,1690],{},"Python’s ",[19,1689,1683],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[15,1692,1693],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[27,1695,1696,1699,1702],{},[30,1697,1698],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[30,1700,1701],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[30,1703,1704,474,1707,1710],{},[19,1705,1706],{},"all([])",[19,1708,1709],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[43,1712,1714],{"id":1713},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[48,1716,1718],{"className":50,"code":1717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[19,1719,1720,1743,1759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1721,1722,1725,1727,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1723,1724],{"class":285},"numbers ",[57,1726,289],{"class":76},[57,1728,1729],{"class":67}," [",[57,1731,1078],{"class":80},[57,1733,1081],{"class":67},[57,1735,1084],{"class":80},[57,1737,1081],{"class":67},[57,1739,530],{"class":80},[57,1741,1742],{"class":67},"]\n",[57,1744,1745,1747,1749,1752,1754,1757],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1746,300],{"class":285},[57,1748,289],{"class":76},[57,1750,1751],{"class":63}," all",[57,1753,68],{"class":67},[57,1755,1756],{"class":238},"numbers",[57,1758,242],{"class":67},[57,1760,1761,1763,1765,1767,1770],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1762,64],{"class":63},[57,1764,68],{"class":67},[57,1766,339],{"class":238},[57,1768,1769],{"class":67},")",[57,1771,1773],{"class":1772},"sutJx","  # True\n",[15,1775,1776,474,1778,1780,1781,498],{},[19,1777,1683],{},[19,1779,1709],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[19,1782,1783],{},"False",[43,1785,1787,1788,1790],{"id":1786},"what-all-does","What ",[19,1789,1683],{}," does",[15,1792,1793,972],{},[19,1794,1683],{},[27,1796,1797,1800,1806,1811],{},[30,1798,1799],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[30,1801,1802,1803,1805],{},"returns ",[19,1804,1709],{}," if all items are truthy",[30,1807,1802,1808,1810],{},[19,1809,1783],{}," if any item is falsy",[30,1812,1813],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[15,1815,1816],{},"Basic syntax:",[48,1818,1820],{"className":50,"code":1819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all(iterable)\n",[19,1821,1822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1823,1824,1827,1829,1832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1825,1826],{"class":63},"all",[57,1828,68],{"class":67},[57,1830,1831],{"class":238},"iterable",[57,1833,242],{"class":67},[15,1835,1836],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[43,1838,1840],{"id":1839},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[15,1842,1843,1844,965,1846,1848],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[19,1845,1709],{},[19,1847,1783],{}," in conditions.",[27,1850,1851,1860],{},[30,1852,1853,1857,1858],{},[1854,1855,1856],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[19,1859,1709],{},[30,1861,1862,1857,1865],{},[1854,1863,1864],{},"Falsy",[19,1866,1783],{},[15,1868,1869],{},"Common falsy values include:",[27,1871,1872,1876,1881,1886,1891,1895,1900,1905],{},[30,1873,1874],{},[19,1875,182],{},[30,1877,1878],{},[19,1879,1880],{},"0.0",[30,1882,1883],{},[19,1884,1885],{},"''",[30,1887,1888],{},[19,1889,1890],{},"None",[30,1892,1893],{},[19,1894,1783],{},[30,1896,1897],{},[19,1898,1899],{},"[]",[30,1901,1902],{},[19,1903,1904],{},"{}",[30,1906,1907],{},[19,1908,1909],{},"set()",[15,1911,1912],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[15,1914,1915,1916,498],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[373,1917,1919],{"href":1918},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[15,1921,1922,1923,972],{},"You can test this with ",[19,1924,1925],{},"bool()",[48,1927,1929],{"className":50,"code":1928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[19,1930,1931,1969,1973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1932,1933,1936,1938,1940,1942,1944,1947,1949,1952,1954,1956,1959,1961,1963,1967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1934,1935],{"class":285},"values ",[57,1937,289],{"class":76},[57,1939,1729],{"class":67},[57,1941,1078],{"class":80},[57,1943,1081],{"class":67},[57,1945,1946],{"class":80}," 0",[57,1948,1081],{"class":67},[57,1950,1951],{"class":938}," ''",[57,1953,1081],{"class":67},[57,1955,1390],{"class":938},[57,1957,1958],{"class":942},"hello",[57,1960,1395],{"class":938},[57,1962,1081],{"class":67},[57,1964,1966],{"class":1965},"s39Yj"," None",[57,1968,1742],{"class":67},[57,1970,1971],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,1972,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,1974,1975,1977,1979,1982,1984,1986,1988,1992,1995,1998,2001],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,1976,64],{"class":63},[57,1978,1075],{"class":67},[57,1980,1981],{"class":990},"bool",[57,1983,68],{"class":67},[57,1985,239],{"class":238},[57,1987,1769],{"class":67},[57,1989,1991],{"class":1990},"sVHd0"," for",[57,1993,1994],{"class":238}," x ",[57,1996,1997],{"class":1990},"in",[57,1999,2000],{"class":238}," values",[57,2002,2003],{"class":67},"])\n",[15,2005,131],{},[48,2007,2009],{"className":50,"code":2008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[19,2010,2011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2012,2013,2016,2018,2020,2023,2025,2027,2029,2032,2034,2036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2014,2015],{"class":67},"[",[57,2017,1709],{"class":1965},[57,2019,1081],{"class":67},[57,2021,2022],{"class":1965}," False",[57,2024,1081],{"class":67},[57,2026,2022],{"class":1965},[57,2028,1081],{"class":67},[57,2030,2031],{"class":1965}," True",[57,2033,1081],{"class":67},[57,2035,2022],{"class":1965},[57,2037,1742],{"class":67},[15,2039,2040,2041,2043],{},"This matters because ",[19,2042,1683],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[43,2045,2047],{"id":2046},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[616,2049,2051],{"id":2050},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[48,2053,2055],{"className":50,"code":2054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[19,2056,2057,2077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2058,2059,2061,2063,2065,2067,2069,2071,2073,2075],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2060,1724],{"class":285},[57,2062,289],{"class":76},[57,2064,1729],{"class":67},[57,2066,1078],{"class":80},[57,2068,1081],{"class":67},[57,2070,1084],{"class":80},[57,2072,1081],{"class":67},[57,2074,530],{"class":80},[57,2076,1742],{"class":67},[57,2078,2079,2081,2083,2085,2087,2089],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2080,64],{"class":63},[57,2082,68],{"class":67},[57,2084,1826],{"class":63},[57,2086,68],{"class":67},[57,2088,1756],{"class":238},[57,2090,84],{"class":67},[15,2092,131],{},[48,2094,2096],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n",[19,2097,2098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2099,2100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2101,2095],{"class":1965},[15,2103,2104,2105,474,2107,498],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[19,2106,1683],{},[19,2108,1709],{},[616,2110,2112],{"id":2111},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[48,2114,2116],{"className":50,"code":2115,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[19,2117,2118,2138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2119,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128,2130,2132,2134,2136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2121,1724],{"class":285},[57,2123,289],{"class":76},[57,2125,1729],{"class":67},[57,2127,1078],{"class":80},[57,2129,1081],{"class":67},[57,2131,1946],{"class":80},[57,2133,1081],{"class":67},[57,2135,530],{"class":80},[57,2137,1742],{"class":67},[57,2139,2140,2142,2144,2146,2148,2150],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2141,64],{"class":63},[57,2143,68],{"class":67},[57,2145,1826],{"class":63},[57,2147,68],{"class":67},[57,2149,1756],{"class":238},[57,2151,84],{"class":67},[15,2153,131],{},[48,2155,2157],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\n",[19,2158,2159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2160,2161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2162,2156],{"class":1965},[15,2164,2165,2166,2168,2169,474,2171,498],{},"The value ",[19,2167,182],{}," is falsy, so ",[19,2170,1683],{},[19,2172,1783],{},[616,2174,2176],{"id":2175},"example-strings","Example: strings",[48,2178,2180],{"className":50,"code":2179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[19,2181,2182,2218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2183,2184,2187,2189,2191,2193,2196,2198,2200,2202,2205,2207,2209,2211,2214,2216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2185,2186],{"class":285},"words ",[57,2188,289],{"class":76},[57,2190,1729],{"class":67},[57,2192,1395],{"class":938},[57,2194,2195],{"class":942},"apple",[57,2197,1395],{"class":938},[57,2199,1081],{"class":67},[57,2201,1390],{"class":938},[57,2203,2204],{"class":942},"banana",[57,2206,1395],{"class":938},[57,2208,1081],{"class":67},[57,2210,1390],{"class":938},[57,2212,2213],{"class":942},"cherry",[57,2215,1395],{"class":938},[57,2217,1742],{"class":67},[57,2219,2220,2222,2224,2226,2228,2231],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2221,64],{"class":63},[57,2223,68],{"class":67},[57,2225,1826],{"class":63},[57,2227,68],{"class":67},[57,2229,2230],{"class":238},"words",[57,2232,84],{"class":67},[15,2234,131],{},[48,2236,2237],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,2238,2239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2240,2241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2242,2095],{"class":1965},[15,2244,2245],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[15,2247,2248],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[48,2250,2252],{"className":50,"code":2251,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[19,2253,2254,2282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2255,2256,2258,2260,2262,2264,2266,2268,2270,2272,2274,2276,2278,2280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2257,2186],{"class":285},[57,2259,289],{"class":76},[57,2261,1729],{"class":67},[57,2263,1395],{"class":938},[57,2265,2195],{"class":942},[57,2267,1395],{"class":938},[57,2269,1081],{"class":67},[57,2271,1951],{"class":938},[57,2273,1081],{"class":67},[57,2275,1390],{"class":938},[57,2277,2213],{"class":942},[57,2279,1395],{"class":938},[57,2281,1742],{"class":67},[57,2283,2284,2286,2288,2290,2292,2294],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2285,64],{"class":63},[57,2287,68],{"class":67},[57,2289,1826],{"class":63},[57,2291,68],{"class":67},[57,2293,2230],{"class":238},[57,2295,84],{"class":67},[15,2297,131],{},[48,2299,2300],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,2301,2302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2303,2304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2305,2156],{"class":1965},[15,2307,2308,2309,2311],{},"The empty string ",[19,2310,1885],{}," is falsy.",[43,2313,2315,2316,2318],{"id":2314},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[19,2317,1683],{}," works with conditions",[15,2320,2321,2323],{},[19,2322,1683],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[15,2325,2326],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[15,2328,2329],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[48,2331,2333],{"className":50,"code":2332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,2334,2335,2355,2383,2387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2336,2337,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349,2351,2353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2338,1724],{"class":285},[57,2340,289],{"class":76},[57,2342,1729],{"class":67},[57,2344,1078],{"class":80},[57,2346,1081],{"class":67},[57,2348,1084],{"class":80},[57,2350,1081],{"class":67},[57,2352,530],{"class":80},[57,2354,1742],{"class":67},[57,2356,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2367,2370,2372,2374,2376,2378,2381],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2358,300],{"class":285},[57,2360,289],{"class":76},[57,2362,1751],{"class":63},[57,2364,68],{"class":67},[57,2366,1117],{"class":238},[57,2368,2369],{"class":76},">",[57,2371,1946],{"class":80},[57,2373,1991],{"class":1990},[57,2375,1994],{"class":238},[57,2377,1997],{"class":1990},[57,2379,2380],{"class":238}," numbers",[57,2382,242],{"class":67},[57,2384,2385],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,2386,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,2388,2389,2391,2393,2395],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,2390,64],{"class":63},[57,2392,68],{"class":67},[57,2394,339],{"class":238},[57,2396,242],{"class":67},[15,2398,131],{},[48,2400,2401],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,2402,2403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2404,2405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2406,2095],{"class":1965},[15,2408,2409],{},"Here is one that fails:",[48,2411,2413],{"className":50,"code":2412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,2414,2415,2437,2463,2467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2416,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2418,1724],{"class":285},[57,2420,289],{"class":76},[57,2422,1729],{"class":67},[57,2424,1078],{"class":80},[57,2426,1081],{"class":67},[57,2428,292],{"class":76},[57,2430,116],{"class":80},[57,2432,1081],{"class":67},[57,2434,530],{"class":80},[57,2436,1742],{"class":67},[57,2438,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449,2451,2453,2455,2457,2459,2461],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2440,300],{"class":285},[57,2442,289],{"class":76},[57,2444,1751],{"class":63},[57,2446,68],{"class":67},[57,2448,1117],{"class":238},[57,2450,2369],{"class":76},[57,2452,1946],{"class":80},[57,2454,1991],{"class":1990},[57,2456,1994],{"class":238},[57,2458,1997],{"class":1990},[57,2460,2380],{"class":238},[57,2462,242],{"class":67},[57,2464,2465],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,2466,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,2468,2469,2471,2473,2475],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,2470,64],{"class":63},[57,2472,68],{"class":67},[57,2474,339],{"class":238},[57,2476,242],{"class":67},[15,2478,131],{},[48,2480,2481],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,2482,2483],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2484,2485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2486,2156],{"class":1965},[15,2488,2489,2490,2493,2494,2496,2497,474,2499,498],{},"The expression ",[19,2491,2492],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[19,2495,1709],{},", then ",[19,2498,1683],{},[19,2500,1709],{},[15,2502,2503],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[15,2505,2506,2507,2511,2512,498],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[373,2508,2510],{"href":2509},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[373,2513,2515],{"href":2514},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[43,2517,2519],{"id":2518},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[15,2521,2522,474,2524,498],{},[19,2523,1706],{},[19,2525,1709],{},[15,2527,2528],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[15,2530,275],{},[48,2532,2534],{"className":50,"code":2533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))\n",[19,2535,2536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2537,2538,2540,2542,2544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2539,64],{"class":63},[57,2541,68],{"class":67},[57,2543,1826],{"class":63},[57,2545,2546],{"class":67},"([]))\n",[15,2548,131],{},[48,2550,2551],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,2552,2553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2554,2555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2556,2095],{"class":1965},[15,2558,2559],{},"Why?",[15,2561,2562],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[15,2564,2565],{},"Think of it this way:",[27,2567,2568,2575,2578],{},[30,2569,2570,474,2572,2574],{},[19,2571,1683],{},[19,2573,1783],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[30,2576,2577],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[30,2579,2580,2581],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[19,2582,1783],{},[15,2584,2585],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[15,2587,2588],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[48,2590,2592],{"className":50,"code":2591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[19,2593,2594,2605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2595,2596,2598,2600,2602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2597,64],{"class":63},[57,2599,68],{"class":67},[57,2601,1826],{"class":63},[57,2603,2604],{"class":67},"(()))\n",[57,2606,2607,2609,2611,2613,2615,2617],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2608,64],{"class":63},[57,2610,68],{"class":67},[57,2612,1826],{"class":63},[57,2614,68],{"class":67},[57,2616,1885],{"class":938},[57,2618,84],{"class":67},[15,2620,131],{},[48,2622,2624],{"className":50,"code":2623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\n",[19,2625,2626,2630],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2627,2628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2629,2095],{"class":1965},[57,2631,2632],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2633,2095],{"class":1965},[43,2635,2637],{"id":2636},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[616,2639,2641],{"id":2640},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[15,2643,2644],{},"This is wrong:",[48,2646,2648],{"className":50,"code":2647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[19,2649,2650,2655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2651,2652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2653,2654],{"class":1772},"# Wrong\n",[57,2656,2657],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2658,2659],{"class":1772},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,2661,2662,2664],{},[19,2663,1683],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[15,2666,2667],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[48,2669,2671],{"className":50,"code":2670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[19,2672,2673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2674,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2691,2693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2676,64],{"class":63},[57,2678,68],{"class":67},[57,2680,1826],{"class":63},[57,2682,1075],{"class":67},[57,2684,1078],{"class":80},[57,2686,1081],{"class":67},[57,2688,1084],{"class":80},[57,2690,1081],{"class":67},[57,2692,530],{"class":80},[57,2694,1091],{"class":67},[616,2696,2698,2699,2701],{"id":2697},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[19,2700,1683],{}," compares values automatically",[15,2703,2704],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[48,2706,2708],{"className":50,"code":2707,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[19,2709,2710,2731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2711,2712,2714,2716,2718,2720,2722,2725,2727,2729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2713,1724],{"class":285},[57,2715,289],{"class":76},[57,2717,1729],{"class":67},[57,2719,199],{"class":80},[57,2721,1081],{"class":67},[57,2723,2724],{"class":80}," 5",[57,2726,1081],{"class":67},[57,2728,2724],{"class":80},[57,2730,1742],{"class":67},[57,2732,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2734,64],{"class":63},[57,2736,68],{"class":67},[57,2738,1826],{"class":63},[57,2740,68],{"class":67},[57,2742,1756],{"class":238},[57,2744,84],{"class":67},[15,2746,2747,2748,2751],{},"This does ",[1854,2749,2750],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[15,2753,2754,2755,2757],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[19,2756,199],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[48,2759,2760],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,2761,2762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2763,2764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2765,2095],{"class":1965},[15,2767,2768],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[48,2770,2772],{"className":50,"code":2771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[19,2773,2774,2794],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2775,2776,2778,2780,2782,2784,2786,2788,2790,2792],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2777,1724],{"class":285},[57,2779,289],{"class":76},[57,2781,1729],{"class":67},[57,2783,199],{"class":80},[57,2785,1081],{"class":67},[57,2787,2724],{"class":80},[57,2789,1081],{"class":67},[57,2791,2724],{"class":80},[57,2793,1742],{"class":67},[57,2795,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804,2806,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2797,64],{"class":63},[57,2799,68],{"class":67},[57,2801,1826],{"class":63},[57,2803,68],{"class":67},[57,2805,1117],{"class":238},[57,2807,2808],{"class":76},"==",[57,2810,2724],{"class":80},[57,2812,1991],{"class":1990},[57,2814,1994],{"class":238},[57,2816,1997],{"class":1990},[57,2818,2380],{"class":238},[57,2820,84],{"class":67},[616,2822,2824,2825,2827],{"id":2823},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[19,2826,182],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[48,2829,2831],{"className":50,"code":2830,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[19,2832,2833,2859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2834,2835,2837,2839,2841,2843,2845,2847,2849,2851,2853,2856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2836,64],{"class":63},[57,2838,68],{"class":67},[57,2840,1826],{"class":63},[57,2842,1075],{"class":67},[57,2844,1078],{"class":80},[57,2846,1081],{"class":67},[57,2848,1084],{"class":80},[57,2850,1081],{"class":67},[57,2852,1946],{"class":80},[57,2854,2855],{"class":67},"]))",[57,2857,2858],{"class":1772},"       # False\n",[57,2860,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877,2879,2882,2884,2886,2888,2890],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2862,64],{"class":63},[57,2864,68],{"class":67},[57,2866,1826],{"class":63},[57,2868,1075],{"class":67},[57,2870,1395],{"class":938},[57,2872,373],{"class":942},[57,2874,1395],{"class":938},[57,2876,1081],{"class":67},[57,2878,1390],{"class":938},[57,2880,2881],{"class":942},"b",[57,2883,1395],{"class":938},[57,2885,1081],{"class":67},[57,2887,1951],{"class":938},[57,2889,2855],{"class":67},[57,2891,2892],{"class":1772},"  # False\n",[15,2894,2895,2896,498],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[19,2897,1783],{},[616,2899,2901,2902,2904,2905],{"id":2900},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[19,2903,1706],{}," is ",[19,2906,1709],{},[15,2908,2909],{},"This is expected behavior:",[48,2911,2913],{"className":50,"code":2912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[19,2914,2915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2916,2917,2919,2921,2923,2926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2918,64],{"class":63},[57,2920,68],{"class":67},[57,2922,1826],{"class":63},[57,2924,2925],{"class":67},"([]))",[57,2927,1773],{"class":1772},[15,2929,2930,2931,2933],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[19,2932,1709],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[15,2935,2936],{},"Useful quick tests:",[48,2938,2940],{"className":50,"code":2939,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[19,2941,2942,2964,2986,3033,3069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2943,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2945,64],{"class":63},[57,2947,68],{"class":67},[57,2949,1826],{"class":63},[57,2951,1075],{"class":67},[57,2953,1078],{"class":80},[57,2955,1081],{"class":67},[57,2957,1084],{"class":80},[57,2959,1081],{"class":67},[57,2961,530],{"class":80},[57,2963,1091],{"class":67},[57,2965,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978,2980,2982,2984],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,2967,64],{"class":63},[57,2969,68],{"class":67},[57,2971,1826],{"class":63},[57,2973,1075],{"class":67},[57,2975,1078],{"class":80},[57,2977,1081],{"class":67},[57,2979,1946],{"class":80},[57,2981,1081],{"class":67},[57,2983,530],{"class":80},[57,2985,1091],{"class":67},[57,2987,2988,2990,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,2989,64],{"class":63},[57,2991,1075],{"class":67},[57,2993,1981],{"class":990},[57,2995,68],{"class":67},[57,2997,239],{"class":238},[57,2999,1769],{"class":67},[57,3001,1991],{"class":1990},[57,3003,1994],{"class":238},[57,3005,1997],{"class":1990},[57,3007,1729],{"class":67},[57,3009,1078],{"class":80},[57,3011,1081],{"class":67},[57,3013,1946],{"class":80},[57,3015,1081],{"class":67},[57,3017,1951],{"class":938},[57,3019,1081],{"class":67},[57,3021,1390],{"class":938},[57,3023,1958],{"class":942},[57,3025,1395],{"class":938},[57,3027,1081],{"class":67},[57,3029,1966],{"class":1965},[57,3031,3032],{"class":67},"]])\n",[57,3034,3035,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3053,3055,3057,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,3036,64],{"class":63},[57,3038,68],{"class":67},[57,3040,1826],{"class":63},[57,3042,68],{"class":67},[57,3044,1117],{"class":238},[57,3046,2369],{"class":76},[57,3048,1946],{"class":80},[57,3050,1991],{"class":1990},[57,3052,1994],{"class":238},[57,3054,1997],{"class":1990},[57,3056,1729],{"class":67},[57,3058,1078],{"class":80},[57,3060,1081],{"class":67},[57,3062,1084],{"class":80},[57,3064,1081],{"class":67},[57,3066,530],{"class":80},[57,3068,1091],{"class":67},[57,3070,3071,3073,3075,3077],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,3072,64],{"class":63},[57,3074,68],{"class":67},[57,3076,1826],{"class":63},[57,3078,2546],{"class":67},[43,3080,3082,3083],{"id":3081},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[19,3084,1683],{},[15,3086,3087,3089],{},[19,3088,1683],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[15,3091,3092],{},"Common use cases:",[27,3094,3095,3098,3101],{},[30,3096,3097],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[30,3099,3100],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[30,3102,3103],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[15,3105,3106],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[48,3108,3110],{"className":50,"code":3109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[19,3111,3112,3148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3113,3114,3117,3119,3121,3123,3126,3128,3130,3132,3135,3137,3139,3141,3144,3146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3115,3116],{"class":285},"names ",[57,3118,289],{"class":76},[57,3120,1729],{"class":67},[57,3122,1395],{"class":938},[57,3124,3125],{"class":942},"Alice",[57,3127,1395],{"class":938},[57,3129,1081],{"class":67},[57,3131,1390],{"class":938},[57,3133,3134],{"class":942},"Bob",[57,3136,1395],{"class":938},[57,3138,1081],{"class":67},[57,3140,1390],{"class":938},[57,3142,3143],{"class":942},"Charlie",[57,3145,1395],{"class":938},[57,3147,1742],{"class":67},[57,3149,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158,3161],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3151,64],{"class":63},[57,3153,68],{"class":67},[57,3155,1826],{"class":63},[57,3157,68],{"class":67},[57,3159,3160],{"class":238},"names",[57,3162,84],{"class":67},[15,3164,131],{},[48,3166,3167],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,3168,3169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3170,3171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3172,2095],{"class":1965},[15,3174,3175],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[48,3177,3179],{"className":50,"code":3178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[19,3180,3181,3205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3182,3183,3186,3188,3190,3193,3195,3198,3200,3203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3184,3185],{"class":285},"scores ",[57,3187,289],{"class":76},[57,3189,1729],{"class":67},[57,3191,3192],{"class":80},"75",[57,3194,1081],{"class":67},[57,3196,3197],{"class":80}," 80",[57,3199,1081],{"class":67},[57,3201,3202],{"class":80}," 50",[57,3204,1742],{"class":67},[57,3206,3207,3209,3211,3213,3215,3218,3221,3223,3225,3228,3230,3233],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3208,64],{"class":63},[57,3210,68],{"class":67},[57,3212,1826],{"class":63},[57,3214,68],{"class":67},[57,3216,3217],{"class":238},"score ",[57,3219,3220],{"class":76},">=",[57,3222,3202],{"class":80},[57,3224,1991],{"class":1990},[57,3226,3227],{"class":238}," score ",[57,3229,1997],{"class":1990},[57,3231,3232],{"class":238}," scores",[57,3234,84],{"class":67},[15,3236,131],{},[48,3238,3239],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,3240,3241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3242,3243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3244,2095],{"class":1965},[15,3246,3247],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[15,3249,3250,3251,2511,3255,498],{},"For related tasks, see ",[373,3252,3254],{"href":3253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[373,3256,3258],{"href":3257},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[43,3260,1554],{"id":1553},[616,3262,3264,3265,3267],{"id":3263},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[19,3266,1683],{}," return in Python?",[15,3269,3270,3271,3273,3274,3276],{},"It returns ",[19,3272,1709],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[19,3275,1783],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[616,3278,3280,3281,3283,3284,572],{"id":3279},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[19,3282,1706],{}," return ",[19,3285,1709],{},[15,3287,3288],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[616,3290,3292,3293,3295],{"id":3291},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[19,3294,1683],{}," take multiple values directly?",[15,3297,3298],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[616,3300,3302,3303,2511,3305,572],{"id":3301},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[19,3304,1683],{},[19,3306,3307],{},"any()",[15,3309,3310,3312,3313,3315,3316,498],{},[19,3311,1683],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[19,3314,3307],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[373,3317,1680,3319,1611],{"href":3318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[19,3320,3307],{},[43,3322,1602],{"id":1601},[27,3324,3325,3331,3335,3340,3345,3350],{},[30,3326,3327],{},[373,3328,1680,3329,1611],{"href":3318},[19,3330,3307],{},[30,3332,3333],{},[373,3334,1919],{"href":1918},[30,3336,3337],{},[373,3338,3339],{"href":3257},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,3341,3342],{},[373,3343,3344],{"href":3253},"How to filter a list in Python",[30,3346,3347],{},[373,3348,3349],{"href":2509},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[30,3351,3352],{},[373,3353,3354],{"href":2514},"What is an iterable in Python",[1634,3356,3357],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":3359},[3360,3361,3363,3364,3369,3371,3372,3381,3383,3393],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":1786,"depth":87,"text":3362},"What all() does",{"id":1839,"depth":87,"text":1840},{"id":2046,"depth":87,"text":2047,"children":3365},[3366,3367,3368],{"id":2050,"depth":103,"text":2051},{"id":2111,"depth":103,"text":2112},{"id":2175,"depth":103,"text":2176},{"id":2314,"depth":87,"text":3370},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":2518,"depth":87,"text":2519},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":3373},[3374,3375,3377,3379],{"id":2640,"depth":103,"text":2641},{"id":2697,"depth":103,"text":3376},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":2823,"depth":103,"text":3378},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":2900,"depth":103,"text":3380},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":3081,"depth":87,"text":3382},"When to use all()",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":3384},[3385,3387,3389,3391],{"id":3263,"depth":103,"text":3386},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":3279,"depth":103,"text":3388},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":3291,"depth":103,"text":3390},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":3301,"depth":103,"text":3392},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":1674,"description":3394},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":3401,"title":3402,"body":3403,"description":5096,"extension":1666,"meta":5097,"navigation":317,"path":3318,"seo":5098,"stem":5099,"__hash__":5100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":3404,"toc":5074},[3405,3408,3416,3419,3436,3444,3488,3497,3501,3506,3509,3526,3529,3540,3552,3556,3559,3574,3579,3582,3594,3597,3682,3685,3706,3712,3714,3722,3736,3738,3772,3774,3777,3838,3840,3857,3860,3887,3889,3897,3909,3913,3916,3955,3957,3965,3967,3983,3991,3994,4037,4039,4047,4052,4056,4064,4067,4094,4097,4100,4174,4176,4184,4191,4215,4226,4229,4308,4310,4318,4325,4329,4334,4349,4351,4359,4362,4368,4371,4417,4419,4436,4440,4445,4456,4459,4574,4577,4636,4642,4644,4649,4653,4655,4674,4680,4683,4702,4706,4715,4742,4744,4752,4760,4764,4770,4793,4795,4803,4810,4814,4817,4868,4871,4922,4925,4927,4931,4938,4942,4949,4953,4961,4965,4968,4990,4992,5042,5044,5071],[11,3406,3402],{"id":3407},"python-any-function-explained",[15,3409,3410,3412,3413,498],{},[19,3411,3307],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[1854,3414,3415],{},"at least one item is truthy",[15,3417,3418],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[27,3420,3421,3424,3427,3430,3433],{},[30,3422,3423],{},"lists",[30,3425,3426],{},"tuples",[30,3428,3429],{},"sets",[30,3431,3432],{},"strings",[30,3434,3435],{},"generator expressions",[15,3437,3438,3439,965,3441,3443],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[19,3440,1709],{},[19,3442,1783],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[48,3445,3447],{"className":50,"code":3446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[19,3448,3449,3469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3450,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3465,3467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3452,1935],{"class":285},[57,3454,289],{"class":76},[57,3456,1729],{"class":67},[57,3458,182],{"class":80},[57,3460,1081],{"class":67},[57,3462,1951],{"class":938},[57,3464,1081],{"class":67},[57,3466,2724],{"class":80},[57,3468,1742],{"class":67},[57,3470,3471,3473,3475,3478,3480,3483,3486],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3472,64],{"class":63},[57,3474,68],{"class":67},[57,3476,3477],{"class":63},"any",[57,3479,68],{"class":67},[57,3481,3482],{"class":238},"values",[57,3484,3485],{"class":67},"))",[57,3487,1773],{"class":1772},[15,3489,154,3490,3493,3494,3496],{},[19,3491,3492],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[19,3495,1709],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[43,3498,3500],{"id":3499},"what-any-does","What any() does",[15,3502,3503,3505],{},[19,3504,3307],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[15,3507,3508],{},"It returns:",[27,3510,3511,3516,3521],{},[30,3512,3513,3515],{},[19,3514,1709],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[30,3517,3518,3520],{},[19,3519,1783],{}," if all items are falsy",[30,3522,3523,3525],{},[19,3524,1783],{}," if the iterable is empty",[15,3527,3528],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[27,3530,3531,3534,3537],{},[30,3532,3533],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[30,3535,3536],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[30,3538,3539],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[15,3541,3542,3543,3546,3547,498],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[1854,3544,3545],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[373,3548,3550],{"href":3549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[19,3551,1683],{},[43,3553,3555],{"id":3554},"syntax","Syntax",[15,3557,3558],{},"The syntax is simple:",[48,3560,3562],{"className":50,"code":3561,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(iterable)\n",[19,3563,3564],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3565,3566,3568,3570,3572],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3567,3477],{"class":63},[57,3569,68],{"class":67},[57,3571,1831],{"class":238},[57,3573,242],{"class":67},[15,3575,3576,3577,498],{},"The argument must be an ",[1854,3578,1831],{},[15,3580,3581],{},"Common inputs include:",[27,3583,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592],{},[30,3585,3423],{},[30,3587,3426],{},[30,3589,3429],{},[30,3591,3432],{},[30,3593,3435],{},[15,3595,3596],{},"For example:",[48,3598,3600],{"className":50,"code":3599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[19,3601,3602,3625,3644,3664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3603,3604,3606,3608,3610,3612,3614,3616,3618,3620,3623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3605,64],{"class":63},[57,3607,68],{"class":67},[57,3609,3477],{"class":63},[57,3611,1075],{"class":67},[57,3613,182],{"class":80},[57,3615,1081],{"class":67},[57,3617,1946],{"class":80},[57,3619,1081],{"class":67},[57,3621,3622],{"class":80}," 1",[57,3624,1091],{"class":67},[57,3626,3627,3629,3631,3633,3636,3638,3640,3642],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3628,64],{"class":63},[57,3630,68],{"class":67},[57,3632,3477],{"class":63},[57,3634,3635],{"class":67},"((",[57,3637,1783],{"class":1965},[57,3639,1081],{"class":67},[57,3641,2022],{"class":1965},[57,3643,1001],{"class":67},[57,3645,3646,3648,3650,3652,3655,3657,3659,3661],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,3647,64],{"class":63},[57,3649,68],{"class":67},[57,3651,3477],{"class":63},[57,3653,3654],{"class":67},"({",[57,3656,182],{"class":80},[57,3658,1081],{"class":67},[57,3660,1084],{"class":80},[57,3662,3663],{"class":67},"}))\n",[57,3665,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,3667,64],{"class":63},[57,3669,68],{"class":67},[57,3671,3477],{"class":63},[57,3673,68],{"class":67},[57,3675,939],{"class":938},[57,3677,1958],{"class":942},[57,3679,939],{"class":938},[57,3681,84],{"class":67},[15,3683,3684],{},"Expected output:",[48,3686,3688],{"className":50,"code":3687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[19,3689,3690,3694,3698,3702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3691,3692],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3693,2095],{"class":1965},[57,3695,3696],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3697,2156],{"class":1965},[57,3699,3700],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,3701,2095],{"class":1965},[57,3703,3704],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,3705,2095],{"class":1965},[15,3707,3708,3709,498],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[373,3710,3258],{"href":3711},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[43,3713,1840],{"id":1839},[15,3715,1843,3716,965,3719,1848],{},[1854,3717,3718],{},"truthy",[1854,3720,3721],{},"falsy",[27,3723,3724,3730],{},[30,3725,3726,1857,3728],{},[1854,3727,1856],{},[19,3729,1709],{},[30,3731,3732,1857,3734],{},[1854,3733,1864],{},[19,3735,1783],{},[15,3737,1869],{},[27,3739,3740,3744,3748,3752,3756,3760,3764,3768],{},[30,3741,3742],{},[19,3743,1783],{},[30,3745,3746],{},[19,3747,182],{},[30,3749,3750],{},[19,3751,1880],{},[30,3753,3754],{},[19,3755,1885],{},[30,3757,3758],{},[19,3759,1899],{},[30,3761,3762],{},[19,3763,1904],{},[30,3765,3766],{},[19,3767,1909],{},[30,3769,3770],{},[19,3771,1890],{},[15,3773,1912],{},[15,3775,3776],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[48,3778,3780],{"className":50,"code":3779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[19,3781,3782,3796,3814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3783,3784,3786,3788,3790,3792,3794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3785,64],{"class":63},[57,3787,68],{"class":67},[57,3789,3477],{"class":63},[57,3791,1075],{"class":67},[57,3793,1078],{"class":80},[57,3795,1091],{"class":67},[57,3797,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3799,64],{"class":63},[57,3801,68],{"class":67},[57,3803,3477],{"class":63},[57,3805,1075],{"class":67},[57,3807,1395],{"class":938},[57,3809,1958],{"class":942},[57,3811,1395],{"class":938},[57,3813,1091],{"class":67},[57,3815,3816,3818,3820,3822,3825,3827,3829,3831,3833,3835],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,3817,64],{"class":63},[57,3819,68],{"class":67},[57,3821,3477],{"class":63},[57,3823,3824],{"class":67},"([[",[57,3826,1078],{"class":80},[57,3828,1081],{"class":67},[57,3830,1084],{"class":80},[57,3832,1081],{"class":67},[57,3834,530],{"class":80},[57,3836,3837],{"class":67},"]]))\n",[15,3839,3684],{},[48,3841,3843],{"className":50,"code":3842,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[19,3844,3845,3849,3853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3846,3847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3848,2095],{"class":1965},[57,3850,3851],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3852,2095],{"class":1965},[57,3854,3855],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,3856,2095],{"class":1965},[15,3858,3859],{},"And these are all falsy:",[48,3861,3863],{"className":50,"code":3862,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[19,3864,3865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3866,3867,3869,3871,3873,3875,3877,3879,3881,3883,3885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3868,64],{"class":63},[57,3870,68],{"class":67},[57,3872,3477],{"class":63},[57,3874,1075],{"class":67},[57,3876,182],{"class":80},[57,3878,1081],{"class":67},[57,3880,1951],{"class":938},[57,3882,1081],{"class":67},[57,3884,1966],{"class":1965},[57,3886,1091],{"class":67},[15,3888,3684],{},[48,3890,3891],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,3892,3893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3894,3895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3896,2156],{"class":1965},[15,3898,3899,3900,2511,3903,498],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[373,3901,1919],{"href":3902},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[373,3904,3906,3908],{"href":3905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[19,3907,1925],{}," explained",[43,3910,3912],{"id":3911},"basic-example","Basic example",[15,3914,3915],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[48,3917,3919],{"className":50,"code":3918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[19,3920,3921,3941],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3922,3923,3925,3927,3929,3931,3933,3935,3937,3939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3924,1935],{"class":285},[57,3926,289],{"class":76},[57,3928,1729],{"class":67},[57,3930,182],{"class":80},[57,3932,1081],{"class":67},[57,3934,1951],{"class":938},[57,3936,1081],{"class":67},[57,3938,2724],{"class":80},[57,3940,1742],{"class":67},[57,3942,3943,3945,3947,3949,3951,3953],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,3944,64],{"class":63},[57,3946,68],{"class":67},[57,3948,3477],{"class":63},[57,3950,68],{"class":67},[57,3952,3482],{"class":238},[57,3954,84],{"class":67},[15,3956,131],{},[48,3958,3959],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,3960,3961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3962,3963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3964,2095],{"class":1965},[15,3966,2559],{},[27,3968,3969,3974,3978],{},[30,3970,3971,3973],{},[19,3972,182],{}," is falsy",[30,3975,3976,3973],{},[19,3977,1885],{},[30,3979,3980,3982],{},[19,3981,199],{}," is truthy",[15,3984,3985,3986,474,3989,498],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[19,3987,3988],{},"any(values)",[19,3990,1709],{},[15,3992,3993],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[48,3995,3997],{"className":50,"code":3996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[19,3998,3999,4023],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4000,4001,4003,4005,4007,4009,4011,4013,4015,4017,4019,4021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4002,1935],{"class":285},[57,4004,289],{"class":76},[57,4006,1729],{"class":67},[57,4008,182],{"class":80},[57,4010,1081],{"class":67},[57,4012,1951],{"class":938},[57,4014,1081],{"class":67},[57,4016,1966],{"class":1965},[57,4018,1081],{"class":67},[57,4020,2022],{"class":1965},[57,4022,1742],{"class":67},[57,4024,4025,4027,4029,4031,4033,4035],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4026,64],{"class":63},[57,4028,68],{"class":67},[57,4030,3477],{"class":63},[57,4032,68],{"class":67},[57,4034,3482],{"class":238},[57,4036,84],{"class":67},[15,4038,131],{},[48,4040,4041],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4042,4043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4044,4045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4046,2156],{"class":1965},[15,4048,4049,4050,498],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[19,4051,1783],{},[43,4053,4055],{"id":4054},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[15,4057,4058,4060,4061,498],{},[19,4059,3307],{}," is often used with a ",[1854,4062,4063],{},"generator expression",[15,4065,4066],{},"This is a common pattern:",[48,4068,4070],{"className":50,"code":4069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[19,4071,4072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4073,4074,4076,4078,4081,4084,4087,4089,4092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4075,3477],{"class":63},[57,4077,68],{"class":67},[57,4079,4080],{"class":238},"condition ",[57,4082,4083],{"class":1990},"for",[57,4085,4086],{"class":238}," item ",[57,4088,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4090,4091],{"class":238}," items",[57,4093,242],{"class":67},[15,4095,4096],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[15,4098,4099],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[48,4101,4103],{"className":50,"code":4102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[19,4104,4105,4133,4137,4164],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4106,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115,4117,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128,4131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4108,1724],{"class":285},[57,4110,289],{"class":76},[57,4112,1729],{"class":67},[57,4114,585],{"class":80},[57,4116,1081],{"class":67},[57,4118,4119],{"class":80}," 7",[57,4121,1081],{"class":67},[57,4123,292],{"class":76},[57,4125,116],{"class":80},[57,4127,1081],{"class":67},[57,4129,4130],{"class":80}," 10",[57,4132,1742],{"class":67},[57,4134,4135],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4136,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,4138,4139,4141,4143,4146,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,4140,300],{"class":285},[57,4142,289],{"class":76},[57,4144,4145],{"class":63}," any",[57,4147,68],{"class":67},[57,4149,1117],{"class":238},[57,4151,1384],{"class":76},[57,4153,1946],{"class":80},[57,4155,1991],{"class":1990},[57,4157,1994],{"class":238},[57,4159,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4161,2380],{"class":238},[57,4163,242],{"class":67},[57,4165,4166,4168,4170,4172],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,4167,64],{"class":63},[57,4169,68],{"class":67},[57,4171,339],{"class":238},[57,4173,242],{"class":67},[15,4175,131],{},[48,4177,4178],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4179,4180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4181,4182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4183,2095],{"class":1965},[15,4185,4186,4187,4190],{},"This works because ",[19,4188,4189],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[27,4192,4193,4201,4208],{},[30,4194,4195,4198,4199],{},[19,4196,4197],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[19,4200,1783],{},[30,4202,4203,4198,4206],{},[19,4204,4205],{},"7 \u003C 0",[19,4207,1783],{},[30,4209,4210,4198,4213],{},[19,4211,4212],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[19,4214,1709],{},[15,4216,4217,4218,4220,4221,4223,4224,498],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[19,4219,1709],{}," result, ",[19,4222,3307],{}," can return ",[19,4225,1709],{},[15,4227,4228],{},"Here is another example:",[48,4230,4232],{"className":50,"code":4231,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[19,4233,4234,4263,4267,4297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4235,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4237,2186],{"class":285},[57,4239,289],{"class":76},[57,4241,1729],{"class":67},[57,4243,939],{"class":938},[57,4245,2195],{"class":942},[57,4247,939],{"class":938},[57,4249,1081],{"class":67},[57,4251,4252],{"class":938}," \"\"",[57,4254,1081],{"class":67},[57,4256,1449],{"class":938},[57,4258,2204],{"class":942},[57,4260,939],{"class":938},[57,4262,1742],{"class":67},[57,4264,4265],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4266,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,4268,4269,4272,4274,4276,4278,4281,4283,4285,4287,4290,4292,4295],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,4270,4271],{"class":285},"has_empty_string ",[57,4273,289],{"class":76},[57,4275,4145],{"class":63},[57,4277,68],{"class":67},[57,4279,4280],{"class":238},"word ",[57,4282,2808],{"class":76},[57,4284,4252],{"class":938},[57,4286,1991],{"class":1990},[57,4288,4289],{"class":238}," word ",[57,4291,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4293,4294],{"class":238}," words",[57,4296,242],{"class":67},[57,4298,4299,4301,4303,4306],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,4300,64],{"class":63},[57,4302,68],{"class":67},[57,4304,4305],{"class":238},"has_empty_string",[57,4307,242],{"class":67},[15,4309,131],{},[48,4311,4312],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4313,4314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4315,4316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4317,2095],{"class":1965},[15,4319,4320,4321,498],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[373,4322,4324],{"href":4323},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[43,4326,4328],{"id":4327},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[15,4330,4331,4332,972],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[19,4333,1783],{},[48,4335,4337],{"className":50,"code":4336,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([]))\n",[19,4338,4339],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4340,4341,4343,4345,4347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4342,64],{"class":63},[57,4344,68],{"class":67},[57,4346,3477],{"class":63},[57,4348,2546],{"class":67},[15,4350,131],{},[48,4352,4353],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4354,4355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4356,4357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4358,2156],{"class":1965},[15,4360,4361],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[15,4363,4364,4365,4367],{},"The reason is simple: ",[19,4366,3307],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[15,4369,4370],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[48,4372,4374],{"className":50,"code":4373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[19,4375,4376,4386,4401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4377,4378,4380,4382,4384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4379,64],{"class":63},[57,4381,68],{"class":67},[57,4383,3477],{"class":63},[57,4385,2604],{"class":67},[57,4387,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396,4399],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4389,64],{"class":63},[57,4391,68],{"class":67},[57,4393,3477],{"class":63},[57,4395,68],{"class":67},[57,4397,4398],{"class":938},"\"\"",[57,4400,84],{"class":67},[57,4402,4403,4405,4407,4409,4411,4414],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,4404,64],{"class":63},[57,4406,68],{"class":67},[57,4408,3477],{"class":63},[57,4410,68],{"class":67},[57,4412,4413],{"class":990},"set",[57,4415,4416],{"class":67},"()))\n",[15,4418,131],{},[48,4420,4422],{"className":50,"code":4421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[19,4423,4424,4428,4432],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4425,4426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4427,2156],{"class":1965},[57,4429,4430],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4431,2156],{"class":1965},[57,4433,4434],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,4435,2156],{"class":1965},[43,4437,4439],{"id":4438},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[15,4441,154,4442,4444],{},[19,4443,3307],{}," when you want to:",[27,4446,4447,4450,4453],{},[30,4448,4449],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[30,4451,4452],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[30,4454,4455],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[15,4457,4458],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[48,4460,4462],{"className":50,"code":4461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[19,4463,4464,4489,4493,4503,4507,4521,4540,4551,4557,4562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4465,4466,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484,4487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4467,1724],{"class":285},[57,4469,289],{"class":76},[57,4471,1729],{"class":67},[57,4473,1078],{"class":80},[57,4475,1081],{"class":67},[57,4477,530],{"class":80},[57,4479,1081],{"class":67},[57,4481,2724],{"class":80},[57,4483,1081],{"class":67},[57,4485,4486],{"class":80}," 8",[57,4488,1742],{"class":67},[57,4490,4491],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4492,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,4494,4495,4498,4500],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,4496,4497],{"class":285},"found_even ",[57,4499,289],{"class":76},[57,4501,4502],{"class":1965}," False\n",[57,4504,4505],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,4506,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,4508,4509,4511,4514,4516,4518],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,4510,4083],{"class":1990},[57,4512,4513],{"class":285}," number ",[57,4515,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4517,2380],{"class":285},[57,4519,4520],{"class":67},":\n",[57,4522,4523,4526,4528,4531,4533,4536,4538],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,4524,4525],{"class":1990},"    if",[57,4527,4513],{"class":285},[57,4529,4530],{"class":76},"%",[57,4532,1084],{"class":80},[57,4534,4535],{"class":76}," ==",[57,4537,1946],{"class":80},[57,4539,4520],{"class":67},[57,4541,4543,4546,4548],{"class":59,"line":4542},7,[57,4544,4545],{"class":285},"        found_even ",[57,4547,289],{"class":76},[57,4549,4550],{"class":1965}," True\n",[57,4552,4554],{"class":59,"line":4553},8,[57,4555,4556],{"class":1990},"        break\n",[57,4558,4560],{"class":59,"line":4559},9,[57,4561,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,4563,4565,4567,4569,4572],{"class":59,"line":4564},10,[57,4566,64],{"class":63},[57,4568,68],{"class":67},[57,4570,4571],{"class":238},"found_even",[57,4573,242],{"class":67},[15,4575,4576],{},"You can write:",[48,4578,4580],{"className":50,"code":4579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[19,4581,4582,4606],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4583,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4585,1724],{"class":285},[57,4587,289],{"class":76},[57,4589,1729],{"class":67},[57,4591,1078],{"class":80},[57,4593,1081],{"class":67},[57,4595,530],{"class":80},[57,4597,1081],{"class":67},[57,4599,2724],{"class":80},[57,4601,1081],{"class":67},[57,4603,4486],{"class":80},[57,4605,1742],{"class":67},[57,4607,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4609,64],{"class":63},[57,4611,68],{"class":67},[57,4613,3477],{"class":63},[57,4615,68],{"class":67},[57,4617,286],{"class":238},[57,4619,4530],{"class":76},[57,4621,1084],{"class":80},[57,4623,4535],{"class":76},[57,4625,1946],{"class":80},[57,4627,1991],{"class":1990},[57,4629,4513],{"class":238},[57,4631,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4633,2380],{"class":238},[57,4635,84],{"class":67},[15,4637,4638,4639,4641],{},"Both work, but ",[19,4640,3307],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[43,4643,2637],{"id":2636},[15,4645,4646,4647,498],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[19,4648,3307],{},[616,4650,4652],{"id":4651},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[15,4654,2644],{},[48,4656,4658],{"className":50,"code":4657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(5))\n",[19,4659,4660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4661,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4663,64],{"class":63},[57,4665,68],{"class":67},[57,4667,3477],{"class":63},[57,4669,68],{"class":67},[57,4671,199],{"class":80},[57,4673,84],{"class":67},[15,4675,4676,4677,4679],{},"It causes an error because ",[19,4678,199],{}," is not iterable.",[15,4681,4682],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[48,4684,4686],{"className":50,"code":4685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([5]))\n",[19,4687,4688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4689,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4691,64],{"class":63},[57,4693,68],{"class":67},[57,4695,3477],{"class":63},[57,4697,1075],{"class":67},[57,4699,199],{"class":80},[57,4701,1091],{"class":67},[616,4703,4705],{"id":4704},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[15,4707,4708,4710,4711,4714],{},[19,4709,3307],{}," needs only ",[1854,4712,4713],{},"one"," truthy item.",[48,4716,4718],{"className":50,"code":4717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[19,4719,4720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4721,4722,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4723,64],{"class":63},[57,4725,68],{"class":67},[57,4727,3477],{"class":63},[57,4729,1075],{"class":67},[57,4731,1783],{"class":1965},[57,4733,1081],{"class":67},[57,4735,2022],{"class":1965},[57,4737,1081],{"class":67},[57,4739,2031],{"class":1965},[57,4741,1091],{"class":67},[15,4743,131],{},[48,4745,4746],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4747,4748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4749,4750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4751,2095],{"class":1965},[15,4753,4754,4755,4759],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[373,4756,4757],{"href":3549},[19,4758,1683],{}," instead.",[616,4761,4763],{"id":4762},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[15,4765,4766,4767,498],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[19,4768,4769],{},"\"True\"",[48,4771,4773],{"className":50,"code":4772,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[19,4774,4775],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4776,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4778,64],{"class":63},[57,4780,68],{"class":67},[57,4782,3477],{"class":63},[57,4784,1075],{"class":67},[57,4786,939],{"class":938},[57,4788,1783],{"class":942},[57,4790,939],{"class":938},[57,4792,1091],{"class":67},[15,4794,131],{},[48,4796,4797],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4798,4799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4800,4801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4802,2095],{"class":1965},[15,4804,4805,4806,4809],{},"That is because ",[19,4807,4808],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[616,4811,4813],{"id":4812},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[15,4815,4816],{},"This works:",[48,4818,4820],{"className":50,"code":4819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[19,4821,4822,4842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4823,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4825,1724],{"class":285},[57,4827,289],{"class":76},[57,4829,1729],{"class":67},[57,4831,1078],{"class":80},[57,4833,1081],{"class":67},[57,4835,1084],{"class":80},[57,4837,1081],{"class":67},[57,4839,530],{"class":80},[57,4841,1742],{"class":67},[57,4843,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4845,64],{"class":63},[57,4847,68],{"class":67},[57,4849,3477],{"class":63},[57,4851,1075],{"class":67},[57,4853,1117],{"class":238},[57,4855,2369],{"class":76},[57,4857,1084],{"class":80},[57,4859,1991],{"class":1990},[57,4861,1994],{"class":238},[57,4863,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4865,2380],{"class":238},[57,4867,1091],{"class":67},[15,4869,4870],{},"But this is usually better:",[48,4872,4874],{"className":50,"code":4873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[19,4875,4876,4896],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4877,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4879,1724],{"class":285},[57,4881,289],{"class":76},[57,4883,1729],{"class":67},[57,4885,1078],{"class":80},[57,4887,1081],{"class":67},[57,4889,1084],{"class":80},[57,4891,1081],{"class":67},[57,4893,530],{"class":80},[57,4895,1742],{"class":67},[57,4897,4898,4900,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,4899,64],{"class":63},[57,4901,68],{"class":67},[57,4903,3477],{"class":63},[57,4905,68],{"class":67},[57,4907,1117],{"class":238},[57,4909,2369],{"class":76},[57,4911,1084],{"class":80},[57,4913,1991],{"class":1990},[57,4915,1994],{"class":238},[57,4917,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4919,2380],{"class":238},[57,4921,84],{"class":67},[15,4923,4924],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[43,4926,1554],{"id":1553},[616,4928,4930],{"id":4929},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[15,4932,3270,4933,4935,4936,498],{},[19,4934,1709],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[19,4937,1783],{},[616,4939,4941],{"id":4940},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[15,4943,4944,474,4946,4948],{},[19,4945,3307],{},[19,4947,1783],{}," for an empty iterable.",[616,4950,4952],{"id":4951},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[15,4954,4955,4957,4958,4960],{},[19,4956,3307],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[19,4959,1683],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[616,4962,4964],{"id":4963},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[15,4966,4967],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[48,4969,4970],{"className":50,"code":4069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4971,4972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4973,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4975,3477],{"class":63},[57,4977,68],{"class":67},[57,4979,4080],{"class":238},[57,4981,4083],{"class":1990},[57,4983,4086],{"class":238},[57,4985,1997],{"class":1990},[57,4987,4091],{"class":238},[57,4989,242],{"class":67},[15,4991,3596],{},[48,4993,4994],{"className":50,"code":4873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,4995,4996,5016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4997,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4999,1724],{"class":285},[57,5001,289],{"class":76},[57,5003,1729],{"class":67},[57,5005,1078],{"class":80},[57,5007,1081],{"class":67},[57,5009,1084],{"class":80},[57,5011,1081],{"class":67},[57,5013,530],{"class":80},[57,5015,1742],{"class":67},[57,5017,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5019,64],{"class":63},[57,5021,68],{"class":67},[57,5023,3477],{"class":63},[57,5025,68],{"class":67},[57,5027,1117],{"class":238},[57,5029,2369],{"class":76},[57,5031,1084],{"class":80},[57,5033,1991],{"class":1990},[57,5035,1994],{"class":238},[57,5037,1997],{"class":1990},[57,5039,2380],{"class":238},[57,5041,84],{"class":67},[43,5043,1602],{"id":1601},[27,5045,5046,5052,5056,5060,5065],{},[30,5047,5048],{},[373,5049,5050,1611],{"href":3549},[19,5051,1683],{},[30,5053,5054],{},[373,5055,1919],{"href":3902},[30,5057,5058],{},[373,5059,3339],{"href":3711},[30,5061,5062],{},[373,5063,5064],{"href":4323},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,5066,5067],{},[373,5068,5069,1611],{"href":3905},[19,5070,1925],{},[1634,5072,5073],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":5075},[5076,5077,5078,5079,5080,5081,5082,5083,5089,5095],{"id":3499,"depth":87,"text":3500},{"id":3554,"depth":87,"text":3555},{"id":1839,"depth":87,"text":1840},{"id":3911,"depth":87,"text":3912},{"id":4054,"depth":87,"text":4055},{"id":4327,"depth":87,"text":4328},{"id":4438,"depth":87,"text":4439},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":5084},[5085,5086,5087,5088],{"id":4651,"depth":103,"text":4652},{"id":4704,"depth":103,"text":4705},{"id":4762,"depth":103,"text":4763},{"id":4812,"depth":103,"text":4813},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":5090},[5091,5092,5093,5094],{"id":4929,"depth":103,"text":4930},{"id":4940,"depth":103,"text":4941},{"id":4951,"depth":103,"text":4952},{"id":4963,"depth":103,"text":4964},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":3402,"description":5096},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":5102,"title":5103,"body":5104,"description":7240,"extension":1666,"meta":7241,"navigation":317,"path":7242,"seo":7243,"stem":7244,"__hash__":7245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":5105,"toc":7203},[5106,5109,5118,5128,5130,5227,5229,5258,5274,5278,5283,5286,5296,5302,5308,5324,5326,5334,5341,5345,5348,5363,5368,5386,5391,5393,5441,5443,5460,5464,5470,5473,5508,5510,5616,5618,5655,5659,5667,5669,5689,5691,5812,5814,5843,5846,5869,5871,5879,5887,5891,5897,5901,5944,5946,5954,5957,5985,5987,5995,5999,6028,6030,6038,6070,6072,6080,6084,6135,6137,6145,6153,6157,6160,6213,6215,6236,6243,6247,6253,6256,6264,6286,6288,6296,6304,6327,6329,6337,6342,6347,6359,6361,6402,6413,6417,6426,6429,6432,6491,6494,6546,6549,6555,6571,6577,6579,6584,6593,6596,6618,6620,6628,6633,6636,6671,6673,6681,6685,6690,6728,6740,6743,6798,6806,6810,6813,6835,6844,6847,6888,6890,6913,6919,6925,6940,6942,6962,6965,6984,6986,7005,7009,7015,7094,7097,7111,7118,7120,7124,7131,7135,7139,7143,7148,7152,7157,7161,7168,7170,7200],[11,5107,5103],{"id":5108},"python-bool-function-explained",[15,5110,17,5111,5113,5114,965,5116,498],{},[19,5112,1925],{}," function converts a value to either ",[19,5115,1709],{},[19,5117,1783],{},[15,5119,5120,5121,5123,5124,5127],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[19,5122,1925],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[19,5125,5126],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[43,5129,1714],{"id":1713},[48,5131,5133],{"className":50,"code":5132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[19,5134,5135,5149,5163,5177,5195,5205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5136,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145,5147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5138,64],{"class":63},[57,5140,68],{"class":67},[57,5142,1981],{"class":990},[57,5144,68],{"class":67},[57,5146,182],{"class":80},[57,5148,84],{"class":67},[57,5150,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5152,64],{"class":63},[57,5154,68],{"class":67},[57,5156,1981],{"class":990},[57,5158,68],{"class":67},[57,5160,1078],{"class":80},[57,5162,84],{"class":67},[57,5164,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5166,64],{"class":63},[57,5168,68],{"class":67},[57,5170,1981],{"class":990},[57,5172,68],{"class":67},[57,5174,4398],{"class":938},[57,5176,84],{"class":67},[57,5178,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5193],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,5180,64],{"class":63},[57,5182,68],{"class":67},[57,5184,1981],{"class":990},[57,5186,68],{"class":67},[57,5188,939],{"class":938},[57,5190,1958],{"class":942},[57,5192,939],{"class":938},[57,5194,84],{"class":67},[57,5196,5197,5199,5201,5203],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,5198,64],{"class":63},[57,5200,68],{"class":67},[57,5202,1981],{"class":990},[57,5204,2546],{"class":67},[57,5206,5207,5209,5211,5213,5215,5217,5219,5221,5223,5225],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,5208,64],{"class":63},[57,5210,68],{"class":67},[57,5212,1981],{"class":990},[57,5214,1075],{"class":67},[57,5216,1078],{"class":80},[57,5218,1081],{"class":67},[57,5220,1084],{"class":80},[57,5222,1081],{"class":67},[57,5224,530],{"class":80},[57,5226,1091],{"class":67},[15,5228,3684],{},[48,5230,5232],{"className":50,"code":5231,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[19,5233,5234,5238,5242,5246,5250,5254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5235,5236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5237,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5239,5240],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5241,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5243,5244],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5245,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5247,5248],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,5249,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5251,5252],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,5253,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5255,5256],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,5257,2095],{"class":1965},[15,5259,154,5260,5263,5264,965,5266,5268,5269,5271,5272,498],{},[19,5261,5262],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[19,5265,1709],{},[19,5267,1783],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[19,5270,1783],{},". Most other values become ",[19,5273,1709],{},[43,5275,5277],{"id":5276},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[15,5279,5280,5282],{},[19,5281,1925],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[15,5284,5285],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[27,5287,5288,5292],{},[30,5289,5290],{},[19,5291,1709],{},[30,5293,5294],{},[19,5295,1783],{},[15,5297,5298,5299,5301],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[19,5300,5126],{}," statements.",[15,5303,5304,5305,5307],{},"You can also call ",[19,5306,1925],{}," with no argument:",[48,5309,5311],{"className":50,"code":5310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool())\n",[19,5312,5313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5314,5315,5317,5319,5321],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5316,64],{"class":63},[57,5318,68],{"class":67},[57,5320,1981],{"class":990},[57,5322,5323],{"class":67},"())\n",[15,5325,131],{},[48,5327,5328],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,5329,5330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5331,5332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5333,2156],{"class":1965},[15,5335,5336,5337,498],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[373,5338,5340],{"href":5339},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[43,5342,5344],{"id":5343},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[15,5346,5347],{},"The basic syntax is:",[48,5349,5351],{"className":50,"code":5350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bool(value)\n",[19,5352,5353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5354,5355,5357,5359,5361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5356,1981],{"class":990},[57,5358,68],{"class":67},[57,5360,552],{"class":238},[57,5362,242],{"class":67},[15,5364,17,5365,5367],{},[19,5366,552],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[27,5369,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5381,5383],{},[30,5371,1756],{},[30,5373,3432],{},[30,5375,3423],{},[30,5377,3426],{},[30,5379,5380],{},"dictionaries",[30,5382,3429],{},[30,5384,5385],{},"other objects",[15,5387,5388,5389,498],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[19,5390,1783],{},[15,5392,275],{},[48,5394,5396],{"className":50,"code":5395,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[19,5397,5398,5412,5431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5399,5400,5402,5404,5406,5408,5410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5401,64],{"class":63},[57,5403,68],{"class":67},[57,5405,1981],{"class":990},[57,5407,68],{"class":67},[57,5409,407],{"class":80},[57,5411,84],{"class":67},[57,5413,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5427,5429],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5415,64],{"class":63},[57,5417,68],{"class":67},[57,5419,1981],{"class":990},[57,5421,68],{"class":67},[57,5423,939],{"class":938},[57,5425,5426],{"class":942},"Python",[57,5428,939],{"class":938},[57,5430,84],{"class":67},[57,5432,5433,5435,5437,5439],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5434,64],{"class":63},[57,5436,68],{"class":67},[57,5438,1981],{"class":990},[57,5440,5323],{"class":67},[15,5442,131],{},[48,5444,5446],{"className":50,"code":5445,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[19,5447,5448,5452,5456],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5449,5450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5451,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5453,5454],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5455,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5457,5458],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5459,2156],{"class":1965},[43,5461,5463],{"id":5462},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[15,5465,5466,5467,5469],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[1854,5468,3721],{}," values.",[15,5471,5472],{},"Common examples:",[27,5474,5475,5479,5483,5487,5491,5496,5500,5504],{},[30,5476,5477],{},[19,5478,182],{},[30,5480,5481],{},[19,5482,1880],{},[30,5484,5485],{},[19,5486,4398],{},[30,5488,5489],{},[19,5490,1899],{},[30,5492,5493],{},[19,5494,5495],{},"()",[30,5497,5498],{},[19,5499,1904],{},[30,5501,5502],{},[19,5503,1909],{},[30,5505,5506],{},[19,5507,1890],{},[15,5509,275],{},[48,5511,5513],{"className":50,"code":5512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[19,5514,5515,5529,5543,5557,5567,5577,5588,5602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5516,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5518,64],{"class":63},[57,5520,68],{"class":67},[57,5522,1981],{"class":990},[57,5524,68],{"class":67},[57,5526,182],{"class":80},[57,5528,84],{"class":67},[57,5530,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5532,64],{"class":63},[57,5534,68],{"class":67},[57,5536,1981],{"class":990},[57,5538,68],{"class":67},[57,5540,1880],{"class":80},[57,5542,84],{"class":67},[57,5544,5545,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5546,64],{"class":63},[57,5548,68],{"class":67},[57,5550,1981],{"class":990},[57,5552,68],{"class":67},[57,5554,4398],{"class":938},[57,5556,84],{"class":67},[57,5558,5559,5561,5563,5565],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,5560,64],{"class":63},[57,5562,68],{"class":67},[57,5564,1981],{"class":990},[57,5566,2546],{"class":67},[57,5568,5569,5571,5573,5575],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,5570,64],{"class":63},[57,5572,68],{"class":67},[57,5574,1981],{"class":990},[57,5576,2604],{"class":67},[57,5578,5579,5581,5583,5585],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,5580,64],{"class":63},[57,5582,68],{"class":67},[57,5584,1981],{"class":990},[57,5586,5587],{"class":67},"({}))\n",[57,5589,5590,5592,5594,5596,5598,5600],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,5591,64],{"class":63},[57,5593,68],{"class":67},[57,5595,1981],{"class":990},[57,5597,68],{"class":67},[57,5599,4413],{"class":990},[57,5601,4416],{"class":67},[57,5603,5604,5606,5608,5610,5612,5614],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,5605,64],{"class":63},[57,5607,68],{"class":67},[57,5609,1981],{"class":990},[57,5611,68],{"class":67},[57,5613,1890],{"class":1965},[57,5615,84],{"class":67},[15,5617,131],{},[48,5619,5621],{"className":50,"code":5620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[19,5622,5623,5627,5631,5635,5639,5643,5647,5651],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5624,5625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5626,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5628,5629],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5630,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5632,5633],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5634,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5636,5637],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,5638,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5640,5641],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,5642,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5644,5645],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,5646,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5648,5649],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,5650,2156],{"class":1965},[57,5652,5653],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,5654,2156],{"class":1965},[43,5656,5658],{"id":5657},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[15,5660,5661,5662,5664,5665,5469],{},"Many values become ",[19,5663,1709],{},". These are often called ",[1854,5666,3718],{},[15,5668,5472],{},[27,5670,5671,5674,5677,5680,5683,5686],{},[30,5672,5673],{},"non-zero numbers",[30,5675,5676],{},"non-empty strings",[30,5678,5679],{},"non-empty lists",[30,5681,5682],{},"non-empty tuples",[30,5684,5685],{},"non-empty sets",[30,5687,5688],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[15,5690,275],{},[48,5692,5694],{"className":50,"code":5693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[19,5695,5696,5710,5726,5744,5766,5784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5697,5698,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5699,64],{"class":63},[57,5701,68],{"class":67},[57,5703,1981],{"class":990},[57,5705,68],{"class":67},[57,5707,199],{"class":80},[57,5709,84],{"class":67},[57,5711,5712,5714,5716,5718,5720,5722,5724],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5713,64],{"class":63},[57,5715,68],{"class":67},[57,5717,1981],{"class":990},[57,5719,68],{"class":67},[57,5721,77],{"class":76},[57,5723,116],{"class":80},[57,5725,84],{"class":67},[57,5727,5728,5730,5732,5734,5736,5738,5740,5742],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5729,64],{"class":63},[57,5731,68],{"class":67},[57,5733,1981],{"class":990},[57,5735,68],{"class":67},[57,5737,939],{"class":938},[57,5739,1958],{"class":942},[57,5741,939],{"class":938},[57,5743,84],{"class":67},[57,5745,5746,5748,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758,5760,5762,5764],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,5747,64],{"class":63},[57,5749,68],{"class":67},[57,5751,1981],{"class":990},[57,5753,1075],{"class":67},[57,5755,1078],{"class":80},[57,5757,1081],{"class":67},[57,5759,1084],{"class":80},[57,5761,1081],{"class":67},[57,5763,530],{"class":80},[57,5765,1091],{"class":67},[57,5767,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,5769,64],{"class":63},[57,5771,68],{"class":67},[57,5773,1981],{"class":990},[57,5775,3635],{"class":67},[57,5777,1078],{"class":80},[57,5779,1081],{"class":67},[57,5781,1084],{"class":80},[57,5783,1001],{"class":67},[57,5785,5786,5788,5790,5792,5794,5796,5799,5801,5803,5805,5808,5810],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,5787,64],{"class":63},[57,5789,68],{"class":67},[57,5791,1981],{"class":990},[57,5793,3654],{"class":67},[57,5795,939],{"class":938},[57,5797,5798],{"class":942},"name",[57,5800,939],{"class":938},[57,5802,972],{"class":67},[57,5804,1449],{"class":938},[57,5806,5807],{"class":942},"Sam",[57,5809,939],{"class":938},[57,5811,3663],{"class":67},[15,5813,131],{},[48,5815,5817],{"className":50,"code":5816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[19,5818,5819,5823,5827,5831,5835,5839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5820,5821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5822,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5824,5825],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5826,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5828,5829],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,5830,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5832,5833],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,5834,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5836,5837],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,5838,2095],{"class":1965},[57,5840,5841],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,5842,2095],{"class":1965},[15,5844,5845],{},"One important example is this:",[48,5847,5849],{"className":50,"code":5848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[19,5850,5851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5852,5853,5855,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865,5867],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5854,64],{"class":63},[57,5856,68],{"class":67},[57,5858,1981],{"class":990},[57,5860,68],{"class":67},[57,5862,939],{"class":938},[57,5864,1783],{"class":942},[57,5866,939],{"class":938},[57,5868,84],{"class":67},[15,5870,131],{},[48,5872,5873],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,5874,5875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5876,5877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5878,2095],{"class":1965},[15,5880,5881,5882,5884,5885,498],{},"Even though the text says ",[19,5883,4808],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[19,5886,1709],{},[43,5888,5890],{"id":5889},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[15,5892,5893,5894,5896],{},"You can use ",[19,5895,1925],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[616,5898,5900],{"id":5899},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[48,5902,5904],{"className":50,"code":5903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[19,5905,5906,5929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5907,5908,5911,5913,5915,5917,5919,5922,5924,5927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5909,5910],{"class":285},"items ",[57,5912,289],{"class":76},[57,5914,1729],{"class":67},[57,5916,407],{"class":80},[57,5918,1081],{"class":67},[57,5920,5921],{"class":80}," 20",[57,5923,1081],{"class":67},[57,5925,5926],{"class":80}," 30",[57,5928,1742],{"class":67},[57,5930,5931,5933,5935,5937,5939,5942],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5932,64],{"class":63},[57,5934,68],{"class":67},[57,5936,1981],{"class":990},[57,5938,68],{"class":67},[57,5940,5941],{"class":238},"items",[57,5943,84],{"class":67},[15,5945,131],{},[48,5947,5948],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,5949,5950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5951,5952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5953,2095],{"class":1965},[15,5955,5956],{},"With an empty list:",[48,5958,5960],{"className":50,"code":5959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[19,5961,5962,5971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5963,5964,5966,5968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5965,5910],{"class":285},[57,5967,289],{"class":76},[57,5969,5970],{"class":67}," []\n",[57,5972,5973,5975,5977,5979,5981,5983],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,5974,64],{"class":63},[57,5976,68],{"class":67},[57,5978,1981],{"class":990},[57,5980,68],{"class":67},[57,5982,5941],{"class":238},[57,5984,84],{"class":67},[15,5986,131],{},[48,5988,5989],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,5990,5991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5992,5993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5994,2156],{"class":1965},[616,5996,5998],{"id":5997},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[48,6000,6002],{"className":50,"code":6001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[19,6003,6004,6014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6005,6006,6009,6011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6007,6008],{"class":285},"name ",[57,6010,289],{"class":76},[57,6012,6013],{"class":938}," \"\"\n",[57,6015,6016,6018,6020,6022,6024,6026],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6017,64],{"class":63},[57,6019,68],{"class":67},[57,6021,1981],{"class":990},[57,6023,68],{"class":67},[57,6025,5798],{"class":238},[57,6027,84],{"class":67},[15,6029,131],{},[48,6031,6032],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6033,6034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6035,6036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6037,2156],{"class":1965},[48,6039,6041],{"className":50,"code":6040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[19,6042,6043,6056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6044,6045,6047,6049,6051,6054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6046,6008],{"class":285},[57,6048,289],{"class":76},[57,6050,1449],{"class":938},[57,6052,6053],{"class":942},"Mia",[57,6055,1455],{"class":938},[57,6057,6058,6060,6062,6064,6066,6068],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6059,64],{"class":63},[57,6061,68],{"class":67},[57,6063,1981],{"class":990},[57,6065,68],{"class":67},[57,6067,5798],{"class":238},[57,6069,84],{"class":67},[15,6071,131],{},[48,6073,6074],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6075,6076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6077,6078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6079,2095],{"class":1965},[616,6081,6083],{"id":6082},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[48,6085,6087],{"className":50,"code":6086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[19,6088,6089,6103,6120,6124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6090,6091,6094,6096,6098,6101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6092,6093],{"class":285},"username ",[57,6095,289],{"class":76},[57,6097,1449],{"class":938},[57,6099,6100],{"class":942},"alex",[57,6102,1455],{"class":938},[57,6104,6105,6108,6110,6113,6115,6118],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6106,6107],{"class":285},"has_name ",[57,6109,289],{"class":76},[57,6111,6112],{"class":990}," bool",[57,6114,68],{"class":67},[57,6116,6117],{"class":238},"username",[57,6119,242],{"class":67},[57,6121,6122],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,6123,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,6125,6126,6128,6130,6133],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,6127,64],{"class":63},[57,6129,68],{"class":67},[57,6131,6132],{"class":238},"has_name",[57,6134,242],{"class":67},[15,6136,131],{},[48,6138,6139],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6140,6141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6142,6143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6144,2095],{"class":1965},[15,6146,6147,6148,965,6150,6152],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[19,6149,1709],{},[19,6151,1783],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[616,6154,6156],{"id":6155},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[15,6158,6159],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[48,6161,6163],{"className":50,"code":6162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[19,6164,6165,6185,6189,6197],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6166,6167,6169,6171,6173,6175,6177,6179,6181,6183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6168,1724],{"class":285},[57,6170,289],{"class":76},[57,6172,1729],{"class":67},[57,6174,1078],{"class":80},[57,6176,1081],{"class":67},[57,6178,1084],{"class":80},[57,6180,1081],{"class":67},[57,6182,530],{"class":80},[57,6184,1742],{"class":67},[57,6186,6187],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6188,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,6190,6191,6193,6195],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,6192,5126],{"class":1990},[57,6194,2380],{"class":285},[57,6196,4520],{"class":67},[57,6198,6199,6202,6204,6206,6209,6211],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,6200,6201],{"class":63},"    print",[57,6203,68],{"class":67},[57,6205,939],{"class":938},[57,6207,6208],{"class":942},"The list is not empty",[57,6210,939],{"class":938},[57,6212,242],{"class":67},[15,6214,131],{},[48,6216,6218],{"className":50,"code":6217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is not empty\n",[19,6219,6220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6221,6222,6224,6227,6230,6233],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6223,17],{"class":285},[57,6225,6226],{"class":990},"list",[57,6228,6229],{"class":76}," is",[57,6231,6232],{"class":76}," not",[57,6234,6235],{"class":285}," empty\n",[15,6237,6238,6239,498],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[373,6240,6242],{"href":6241},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[43,6244,6246],{"id":6245},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[15,6248,6249,6250,6252],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[19,6251,1925],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[15,6254,6255],{},"It does not do that.",[616,6257,6259,474,6262],{"id":6258},"boolfalse-returns-true",[19,6260,6261],{},"bool(\"False\")",[19,6263,1709],{},[48,6265,6266],{"className":50,"code":5848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6267,6268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6269,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6271,64],{"class":63},[57,6273,68],{"class":67},[57,6275,1981],{"class":990},[57,6277,68],{"class":67},[57,6279,939],{"class":938},[57,6281,1783],{"class":942},[57,6283,939],{"class":938},[57,6285,84],{"class":67},[15,6287,131],{},[48,6289,6290],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6291,6292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6293,6294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6295,2095],{"class":1965},[616,6297,6299,474,6302],{"id":6298},"bool0-returns-true",[19,6300,6301],{},"bool(\"0\")",[19,6303,1709],{},[48,6305,6307],{"className":50,"code":6306,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[19,6308,6309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6310,6311,6313,6315,6317,6319,6321,6323,6325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6312,64],{"class":63},[57,6314,68],{"class":67},[57,6316,1981],{"class":990},[57,6318,68],{"class":67},[57,6320,939],{"class":938},[57,6322,182],{"class":942},[57,6324,939],{"class":938},[57,6326,84],{"class":67},[15,6328,131],{},[48,6330,6331],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6332,6333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6334,6335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6336,2095],{"class":1965},[15,6338,6339,6340,498],{},"This happens because both values are ",[1854,6341,5676],{},[15,6343,6344,6346],{},[19,6345,1925],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[15,6348,6349,6350,6355,6356,6358],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[373,6351,6353],{"href":6352},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[19,6354,1047],{},", because ",[19,6357,1047],{}," always returns a string.",[15,6360,275],{},[48,6362,6364],{"className":50,"code":6363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[19,6365,6366,6387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6367,6368,6371,6373,6376,6378,6380,6383,6385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6369,6370],{"class":285},"user_value ",[57,6372,289],{"class":76},[57,6374,6375],{"class":63}," input",[57,6377,68],{"class":67},[57,6379,939],{"class":938},[57,6381,6382],{"class":942},"Enter True or False: ",[57,6384,939],{"class":938},[57,6386,242],{"class":67},[57,6388,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6400],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6390,64],{"class":63},[57,6392,68],{"class":67},[57,6394,1981],{"class":990},[57,6396,68],{"class":67},[57,6398,6399],{"class":238},"user_value",[57,6401,84],{"class":67},[15,6403,6404,6405,6407,6408,6355,6410,6412],{},"If the user types ",[19,6406,1783],{},", the result will still be ",[19,6409,1709],{},[19,6411,4808],{}," is not empty.",[43,6414,6416],{"id":6415},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[15,6418,6419,6420,6422,6423,6425],{},"In many ",[19,6421,5126],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[19,6424,1925],{}," yourself.",[15,6427,6428],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[15,6430,6431],{},"Instead of this:",[48,6433,6435],{"className":50,"code":6434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[19,6436,6437,6458,6462,6476],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6438,6439,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6452,6454,6456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6440,6441],{"class":285},"my_list ",[57,6443,289],{"class":76},[57,6445,1729],{"class":67},[57,6447,1078],{"class":80},[57,6449,1081],{"class":67},[57,6451,1084],{"class":80},[57,6453,1081],{"class":67},[57,6455,530],{"class":80},[57,6457,1742],{"class":67},[57,6459,6460],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6461,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,6463,6464,6466,6468,6470,6473],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,6465,5126],{"class":1990},[57,6467,6112],{"class":990},[57,6469,68],{"class":67},[57,6471,6472],{"class":238},"my_list",[57,6474,6475],{"class":67},"):\n",[57,6477,6478,6480,6482,6484,6487,6489],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,6479,6201],{"class":63},[57,6481,68],{"class":67},[57,6483,939],{"class":938},[57,6485,6486],{"class":942},"List has items",[57,6488,939],{"class":938},[57,6490,242],{"class":67},[15,6492,6493],{},"You can simply write:",[48,6495,6497],{"className":50,"code":6496,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[19,6498,6499,6519,6523,6532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6500,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513,6515,6517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6502,6441],{"class":285},[57,6504,289],{"class":76},[57,6506,1729],{"class":67},[57,6508,1078],{"class":80},[57,6510,1081],{"class":67},[57,6512,1084],{"class":80},[57,6514,1081],{"class":67},[57,6516,530],{"class":80},[57,6518,1742],{"class":67},[57,6520,6521],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6522,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,6524,6525,6527,6530],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,6526,5126],{"class":1990},[57,6528,6529],{"class":285}," my_list",[57,6531,4520],{"class":67},[57,6533,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,6535,6201],{"class":63},[57,6537,68],{"class":67},[57,6539,939],{"class":938},[57,6541,6486],{"class":942},[57,6543,939],{"class":938},[57,6545,242],{"class":67},[15,6547,6548],{},"Both examples work.",[15,6550,6551,6552,6554],{},"Using ",[19,6553,1925],{}," is still helpful when:",[27,6556,6557,6560,6568],{},[30,6558,6559],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[30,6561,6562,6563,965,6565,6567],{},"you want to store a real ",[19,6564,1709],{},[19,6566,1783],{}," value",[30,6569,6570],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[15,6572,6573,6574,498],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[373,6575,6576],{"href":375},"Python type() function explained",[43,6578,913],{"id":912},[15,6580,6581,6582,498],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[19,6583,1925],{},[616,6585,6587,6588,6590,6591],{"id":6586},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[19,6589,6261],{}," to return ",[19,6592,1783],{},[15,6594,6595],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[48,6597,6598],{"className":50,"code":5848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6599,6600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6601,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6603,64],{"class":63},[57,6605,68],{"class":67},[57,6607,1981],{"class":990},[57,6609,68],{"class":67},[57,6611,939],{"class":938},[57,6613,1783],{"class":942},[57,6615,939],{"class":938},[57,6617,84],{"class":67},[15,6619,131],{},[48,6621,6622],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6623,6624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6625,6626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6627,2095],{"class":1965},[15,6629,6630,6631,4809],{},"Why? Because ",[19,6632,4808],{},[15,6634,6635],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[48,6637,6639],{"className":50,"code":6638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[19,6640,6641,6653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6642,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6644,525],{"class":285},[57,6646,289],{"class":76},[57,6648,1449],{"class":938},[57,6650,1783],{"class":942},[57,6652,1455],{"class":938},[57,6654,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6656,64],{"class":63},[57,6658,68],{"class":67},[57,6660,525],{"class":238},[57,6662,2808],{"class":76},[57,6664,1449],{"class":938},[57,6666,1709],{"class":942},[57,6668,939],{"class":938},[57,6670,242],{"class":67},[15,6672,131],{},[48,6674,6675],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,6676,6677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6678,6679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6680,2156],{"class":1965},[616,6682,6684],{"id":6683},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[15,6686,6687,6689],{},[19,6688,1047],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[48,6691,6693],{"className":50,"code":6692,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[19,6694,6695,6714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6696,6697,6699,6701,6703,6705,6707,6710,6712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6698,525],{"class":285},[57,6700,289],{"class":76},[57,6702,6375],{"class":63},[57,6704,68],{"class":67},[57,6706,939],{"class":938},[57,6708,6709],{"class":942},"Enter yes or no: ",[57,6711,939],{"class":938},[57,6713,242],{"class":67},[57,6715,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6717,64],{"class":63},[57,6719,68],{"class":67},[57,6721,1981],{"class":990},[57,6723,68],{"class":67},[57,6725,552],{"class":238},[57,6727,84],{"class":67},[15,6729,6404,6730,6733,6734,6736,6737,6412],{},[19,6731,6732],{},"no",", the result is still ",[19,6735,1709],{}," because ",[19,6738,6739],{},"\"no\"",[15,6741,6742],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[48,6744,6746],{"className":50,"code":6745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[19,6747,6748,6779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6749,6750,6752,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6767,6770,6773,6776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6751,525],{"class":285},[57,6753,289],{"class":76},[57,6755,6375],{"class":63},[57,6757,68],{"class":67},[57,6759,939],{"class":938},[57,6761,6709],{"class":942},[57,6763,939],{"class":938},[57,6765,6766],{"class":67},").",[57,6768,6769],{"class":238},"strip",[57,6771,6772],{"class":67},"().",[57,6774,6775],{"class":238},"lower",[57,6777,6778],{"class":67},"()\n",[57,6780,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6794,6796],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6782,64],{"class":63},[57,6784,68],{"class":67},[57,6786,525],{"class":238},[57,6788,2808],{"class":76},[57,6790,1449],{"class":938},[57,6792,6793],{"class":942},"yes",[57,6795,939],{"class":938},[57,6797,242],{"class":67},[15,6799,6800,6801,6803,6804,498],{},"This gives ",[19,6802,1709],{}," only when the user enters ",[19,6805,6793],{},[616,6807,6809],{"id":6808},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[15,6811,6812],{},"These are different:",[27,6814,6815,6819,6823,6827,6831],{},[30,6816,6817],{},[19,6818,1783],{},[30,6820,6821],{},[19,6822,182],{},[30,6824,6825],{},[19,6826,4398],{},[30,6828,6829],{},[19,6830,1899],{},[30,6832,6833],{},[19,6834,1890],{},[15,6836,6837,6838,6840,6841,6843],{},"They all become ",[19,6839,1783],{}," with ",[19,6842,1925],{},", but they are not the same value.",[15,6845,6846],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[48,6848,6850],{"className":50,"code":6849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[19,6851,6852,6860,6874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6853,6854,6856,6858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6855,525],{"class":285},[57,6857,289],{"class":76},[57,6859,5970],{"class":67},[57,6861,6862,6864,6866,6868,6870,6872],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6863,64],{"class":63},[57,6865,68],{"class":67},[57,6867,1315],{"class":990},[57,6869,68],{"class":67},[57,6871,552],{"class":238},[57,6873,84],{"class":67},[57,6875,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,6877,64],{"class":63},[57,6879,68],{"class":67},[57,6881,1981],{"class":990},[57,6883,68],{"class":67},[57,6885,552],{"class":238},[57,6887,84],{"class":67},[15,6889,131],{},[48,6891,6893],{"className":50,"code":6892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[19,6894,6895,6909],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6896,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6898,1384],{"class":76},[57,6900,1387],{"class":125},[57,6902,1390],{"class":938},[57,6904,6226],{"class":942},[57,6906,1395],{"class":938},[57,6908,1398],{"class":76},[57,6910,6911],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,6912,2156],{"class":1965},[616,6914,6551,6916,6918],{"id":6915},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[19,6917,1904],{}," expecting an empty set",[15,6920,6921,6922,6924],{},"In Python, ",[19,6923,1904],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[48,6926,6928],{"className":50,"code":6927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type({}))\n",[19,6929,6930],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6931,6932,6934,6936,6938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6933,64],{"class":63},[57,6935,68],{"class":67},[57,6937,1315],{"class":990},[57,6939,5587],{"class":67},[15,6941,131],{},[48,6943,6945],{"className":50,"code":6944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[19,6946,6947],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6948,6949,6951,6953,6955,6958,6960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6950,1384],{"class":76},[57,6952,1387],{"class":125},[57,6954,1390],{"class":938},[57,6956,6957],{"class":942},"dict",[57,6959,1395],{"class":938},[57,6961,1398],{"class":76},[15,6963,6964],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[48,6966,6968],{"className":50,"code":6967,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(set()))\n",[19,6969,6970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6971,6972,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6973,64],{"class":63},[57,6975,68],{"class":67},[57,6977,1315],{"class":990},[57,6979,68],{"class":67},[57,6981,4413],{"class":990},[57,6983,4416],{"class":67},[15,6985,131],{},[48,6987,6989],{"className":50,"code":6988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[19,6990,6991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6992,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6994,1384],{"class":76},[57,6996,1387],{"class":125},[57,6998,1390],{"class":938},[57,7000,4413],{"class":942},[57,7002,1395],{"class":938},[57,7004,1398],{"class":76},[43,7006,7008],{"id":7007},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[15,7010,7011,7012,7014],{},"If ",[19,7013,1925],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[48,7016,7018],{"className":50,"code":7017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[19,7019,7020,7034,7048,7058,7076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7021,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7023,64],{"class":63},[57,7025,68],{"class":67},[57,7027,1981],{"class":990},[57,7029,68],{"class":67},[57,7031,552],{"class":238},[57,7033,84],{"class":67},[57,7035,7036,7038,7040,7042,7044,7046],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7037,64],{"class":63},[57,7039,68],{"class":67},[57,7041,1315],{"class":990},[57,7043,68],{"class":67},[57,7045,552],{"class":238},[57,7047,84],{"class":67},[57,7049,7050,7052,7054,7056],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,7051,64],{"class":63},[57,7053,68],{"class":67},[57,7055,552],{"class":238},[57,7057,242],{"class":67},[57,7059,7060,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072,7074],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,7061,64],{"class":63},[57,7063,68],{"class":67},[57,7065,525],{"class":238},[57,7067,2808],{"class":76},[57,7069,1449],{"class":938},[57,7071,1709],{"class":942},[57,7073,939],{"class":938},[57,7075,242],{"class":67},[57,7077,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090,7092],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,7079,64],{"class":63},[57,7081,68],{"class":67},[57,7083,552],{"class":238},[57,7085,498],{"class":67},[57,7087,6769],{"class":238},[57,7089,6772],{"class":67},[57,7091,6775],{"class":238},[57,7093,5323],{"class":67},[15,7095,7096],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[27,7098,7099,7102,7105,7108],{},[30,7100,7101],{},"what the value really is",[30,7103,7104],{},"whether it is a string",[30,7106,7107],{},"whether it contains spaces",[30,7109,7110],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[15,7112,7113,7114,498],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[373,7115,7117],{"href":7116},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[43,7119,1554],{"id":1553},[616,7121,7123],{"id":7122},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[15,7125,7126,7127,965,7129,498],{},"It returns either ",[19,7128,1709],{},[19,7130,1783],{},[616,7132,7134],{"id":7133},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[15,7136,3270,7137,498],{},[19,7138,1783],{},[616,7140,7142],{"id":7141},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[15,7144,7145,7146,498],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[19,7147,1709],{},[616,7149,7151],{"id":7150},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[15,7153,7154,7155,498],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[19,7156,1783],{},[616,7158,7160],{"id":7159},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[15,7162,7163,7164,965,7166,1848],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[19,7165,1709],{},[19,7167,1783],{},[43,7169,1602],{"id":1601},[27,7171,7172,7177,7181,7186,7190,7195],{},[30,7173,7174],{},[373,7175,7176],{"href":3902},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[30,7178,7179],{},[373,7180,6242],{"href":6241},[30,7182,7183],{},[373,7184,7185],{"href":6352},"Python input() function explained",[30,7187,7188],{},[373,7189,6576],{"href":375},[30,7191,7192],{},[373,7193,7194],{"href":7116},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,7196,7197],{},[373,7198,7199],{"href":5339},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1634,7201,7202],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":7204},[7205,7206,7207,7208,7209,7210,7216,7222,7223,7231,7232,7239],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":5276,"depth":87,"text":5277},{"id":5343,"depth":87,"text":5344},{"id":5462,"depth":87,"text":5463},{"id":5657,"depth":87,"text":5658},{"id":5889,"depth":87,"text":5890,"children":7211},[7212,7213,7214,7215],{"id":5899,"depth":103,"text":5900},{"id":5997,"depth":103,"text":5998},{"id":6082,"depth":103,"text":6083},{"id":6155,"depth":103,"text":6156},{"id":6245,"depth":87,"text":6246,"children":7217},[7218,7220],{"id":6258,"depth":103,"text":7219},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":6298,"depth":103,"text":7221},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":6415,"depth":87,"text":6416},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":7224},[7225,7227,7228,7229],{"id":6586,"depth":103,"text":7226},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":6683,"depth":103,"text":6684},{"id":6808,"depth":103,"text":6809},{"id":6915,"depth":103,"text":7230},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":7007,"depth":87,"text":7008},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":7233},[7234,7235,7236,7237,7238],{"id":7122,"depth":103,"text":7123},{"id":7133,"depth":103,"text":7134},{"id":7141,"depth":103,"text":7142},{"id":7150,"depth":103,"text":7151},{"id":7159,"depth":103,"text":7160},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":5103,"description":7240},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":7247,"title":7248,"body":7249,"description":9445,"extension":1666,"meta":9446,"navigation":317,"path":9447,"seo":9448,"stem":9449,"__hash__":9450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":7250,"toc":9407},[7251,7257,7263,7270,7275,7286,7293,7402,7406,7475,7480,7485,7490,7493,7504,7509,7512,7523,7530,7532,7537,7541,7566,7570,7579,7583,7646,7650,7683,7687,7732,7736,7773,7777,7780,7836,7840,7886,7889,7894,7933,7937,7960,7963,7977,7990,7994,7999,8066,8070,8106,8109,8117,8120,8184,8188,8220,8226,8228,8288,8295,8298,8376,8380,8413,8417,8420,8464,8468,8504,8507,8524,8527,8530,8583,8586,8597,8604,8613,8616,8674,8678,8719,8727,8735,8741,8749,8761,8766,8777,8850,8853,8865,8881,8885,8890,8894,8896,8939,8945,8948,9011,9015,9018,9027,9032,9069,9073,9076,9084,9087,9126,9130,9133,9184,9188,9209,9216,9218,9224,9251,9254,9309,9312,9323,9325,9332,9340,9346,9351,9358,9361,9368,9375,9377,9404],[11,7252,1680,7254,1684],{"id":7253},"python-dict-function-explained",[19,7255,7256],{},"dict()",[15,7258,7259,7260,7262],{},"The built-in ",[19,7261,7256],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[15,7264,7265,7266,7269],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[1854,7267,7268],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[15,7271,7272,7274],{},[19,7273,7256],{}," is commonly used to:",[27,7276,7277,7280,7283],{},[30,7278,7279],{},"create an empty dictionary",[30,7281,7282],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[30,7284,7285],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[15,7287,7288,7289,498],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[373,7290,7292],{"href":7291},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[48,7294,7296],{"className":50,"code":7295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[19,7297,7298,7333,7344,7348,7387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7299,7300,7303,7305,7308,7310,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321,7323,7326,7328,7331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7301,7302],{"class":285},"data ",[57,7304,289],{"class":76},[57,7306,7307],{"class":990}," dict",[57,7309,68],{"class":67},[57,7311,5798],{"class":7312},"s99_P",[57,7314,289],{"class":76},[57,7316,1395],{"class":938},[57,7318,3125],{"class":942},[57,7320,1395],{"class":938},[57,7322,1081],{"class":67},[57,7324,7325],{"class":7312}," age",[57,7327,289],{"class":76},[57,7329,7330],{"class":80},"25",[57,7332,242],{"class":67},[57,7334,7335,7337,7339,7342],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7336,64],{"class":63},[57,7338,68],{"class":67},[57,7340,7341],{"class":238},"data",[57,7343,242],{"class":67},[57,7345,7346],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,7347,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,7349,7350,7353,7355,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368,7371,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,7351,7352],{"class":285},"pairs ",[57,7354,289],{"class":76},[57,7356,7357],{"class":67}," [(",[57,7359,1395],{"class":938},[57,7361,373],{"class":942},[57,7363,1395],{"class":938},[57,7365,1081],{"class":67},[57,7367,3622],{"class":80},[57,7369,7370],{"class":67},"),",[57,7372,7373],{"class":67}," (",[57,7375,1395],{"class":938},[57,7377,2881],{"class":942},[57,7379,1395],{"class":938},[57,7381,1081],{"class":67},[57,7383,1084],{"class":80},[57,7385,7386],{"class":67},")]\n",[57,7388,7389,7391,7393,7395,7397,7400],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,7390,64],{"class":63},[57,7392,68],{"class":67},[57,7394,6957],{"class":990},[57,7396,68],{"class":67},[57,7398,7399],{"class":238},"pairs",[57,7401,84],{"class":67},[15,7403,7404],{},[1854,7405,131],{},[48,7407,7409],{"className":50,"code":7408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[19,7410,7411,7447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7412,7413,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430,7432,7434,7437,7439,7441,7444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7414,7415],{"class":67},"{",[57,7417,1395],{"class":938},[57,7419,5798],{"class":942},[57,7421,1395],{"class":938},[57,7423,972],{"class":67},[57,7425,1390],{"class":938},[57,7427,3125],{"class":942},[57,7429,1395],{"class":938},[57,7431,1081],{"class":67},[57,7433,1390],{"class":938},[57,7435,7436],{"class":942},"age",[57,7438,1395],{"class":938},[57,7440,972],{"class":67},[57,7442,7443],{"class":80}," 25",[57,7445,7446],{"class":67},"}\n",[57,7448,7449,7451,7453,7455,7457,7459,7461,7463,7465,7467,7469,7471,7473],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7450,7415],{"class":67},[57,7452,1395],{"class":938},[57,7454,373],{"class":942},[57,7456,1395],{"class":938},[57,7458,972],{"class":67},[57,7460,3622],{"class":80},[57,7462,1081],{"class":67},[57,7464,1390],{"class":938},[57,7466,2881],{"class":942},[57,7468,1395],{"class":938},[57,7470,972],{"class":67},[57,7472,1084],{"class":80},[57,7474,7446],{"class":67},[15,7476,154,7477,7479],{},[19,7478,7256],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[43,7481,1787,7483,1790],{"id":7482},"what-dict-does",[19,7484,7256],{},[15,7486,7487,7489],{},[19,7488,7256],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[15,7491,7492],{},"A dictionary:",[27,7494,7495,7498,7501],{},[30,7496,7497],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[30,7499,7500],{},"lets you look up values by key",[30,7502,7503],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[15,7505,7506,7508],{},[19,7507,7256],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[15,7510,7511],{},"Common uses include:",[27,7513,7514,7517,7520],{},[30,7515,7516],{},"making an empty dictionary",[30,7518,7519],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[30,7521,7522],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[15,7524,7525,7526,498],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[373,7527,7529],{"href":7528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[43,7531,221],{"id":220},[15,7533,7534,7536],{},[19,7535,7256],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[616,7538,7540],{"id":7539},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[48,7542,7544],{"className":50,"code":7543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[19,7545,7546,7556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7547,7548,7550,7552,7554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7549,7302],{"class":285},[57,7551,289],{"class":76},[57,7553,7307],{"class":990},[57,7555,6778],{"class":67},[57,7557,7558,7560,7562,7564],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7559,64],{"class":63},[57,7561,68],{"class":67},[57,7563,7341],{"class":238},[57,7565,242],{"class":67},[15,7567,7568],{},[1854,7569,131],{},[48,7571,7573],{"className":50,"code":7572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n",[19,7574,7575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7576,7577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7578,7572],{"class":67},[616,7580,7582],{"id":7581},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[48,7584,7586],{"className":50,"code":7585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[19,7587,7588,7622,7636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7589,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602,7604,7606,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7591,7352],{"class":285},[57,7593,289],{"class":76},[57,7595,7357],{"class":67},[57,7597,1395],{"class":938},[57,7599,373],{"class":942},[57,7601,1395],{"class":938},[57,7603,1081],{"class":67},[57,7605,3622],{"class":80},[57,7607,7370],{"class":67},[57,7609,7373],{"class":67},[57,7611,1395],{"class":938},[57,7613,2881],{"class":942},[57,7615,1395],{"class":938},[57,7617,1081],{"class":67},[57,7619,1084],{"class":80},[57,7621,7386],{"class":67},[57,7623,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7625,7302],{"class":285},[57,7627,289],{"class":76},[57,7629,7307],{"class":990},[57,7631,68],{"class":67},[57,7633,7399],{"class":238},[57,7635,242],{"class":67},[57,7637,7638,7640,7642,7644],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,7639,64],{"class":63},[57,7641,68],{"class":67},[57,7643,7341],{"class":238},[57,7645,242],{"class":67},[15,7647,7648],{},[1854,7649,131],{},[48,7651,7653],{"className":50,"code":7652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[19,7654,7655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7656,7657,7659,7661,7663,7665,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675,7677,7679,7681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7658,7415],{"class":67},[57,7660,1395],{"class":938},[57,7662,373],{"class":942},[57,7664,1395],{"class":938},[57,7666,972],{"class":67},[57,7668,3622],{"class":80},[57,7670,1081],{"class":67},[57,7672,1390],{"class":938},[57,7674,2881],{"class":942},[57,7676,1395],{"class":938},[57,7678,972],{"class":67},[57,7680,1084],{"class":80},[57,7682,7446],{"class":67},[616,7684,7686],{"id":7685},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[48,7688,7690],{"className":50,"code":7689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[19,7691,7692,7722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7693,7694,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718,7720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7695,7302],{"class":285},[57,7697,289],{"class":76},[57,7699,7307],{"class":990},[57,7701,68],{"class":67},[57,7703,5798],{"class":7312},[57,7705,289],{"class":76},[57,7707,1395],{"class":938},[57,7709,3125],{"class":942},[57,7711,1395],{"class":938},[57,7713,1081],{"class":67},[57,7715,7325],{"class":7312},[57,7717,289],{"class":76},[57,7719,7330],{"class":80},[57,7721,242],{"class":67},[57,7723,7724,7726,7728,7730],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7725,64],{"class":63},[57,7727,68],{"class":67},[57,7729,7341],{"class":238},[57,7731,242],{"class":67},[15,7733,7734],{},[1854,7735,131],{},[48,7737,7739],{"className":50,"code":7738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[19,7740,7741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7742,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751,7753,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7744,7415],{"class":67},[57,7746,1395],{"class":938},[57,7748,5798],{"class":942},[57,7750,1395],{"class":938},[57,7752,972],{"class":67},[57,7754,1390],{"class":938},[57,7756,3125],{"class":942},[57,7758,1395],{"class":938},[57,7760,1081],{"class":67},[57,7762,1390],{"class":938},[57,7764,7436],{"class":942},[57,7766,1395],{"class":938},[57,7768,972],{"class":67},[57,7770,7443],{"class":80},[57,7772,7446],{"class":67},[616,7774,7776],{"id":7775},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[15,7778,7779],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[48,7781,7783],{"className":50,"code":7782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[19,7784,7785,7826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7786,7787,7789,7791,7793,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7809,7811,7813,7815,7817,7820,7822,7824],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7788,7302],{"class":285},[57,7790,289],{"class":76},[57,7792,7307],{"class":990},[57,7794,7795],{"class":67},"([(",[57,7797,1395],{"class":938},[57,7799,373],{"class":942},[57,7801,1395],{"class":938},[57,7803,1081],{"class":67},[57,7805,3622],{"class":80},[57,7807,7808],{"class":67},")],",[57,7810,641],{"class":7312},[57,7812,289],{"class":76},[57,7814,116],{"class":80},[57,7816,1081],{"class":67},[57,7818,7819],{"class":7312}," c",[57,7821,289],{"class":76},[57,7823,122],{"class":80},[57,7825,242],{"class":67},[57,7827,7828,7830,7832,7834],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7829,64],{"class":63},[57,7831,68],{"class":67},[57,7833,7341],{"class":238},[57,7835,242],{"class":67},[15,7837,7838],{},[1854,7839,131],{},[48,7841,7843],{"className":50,"code":7842,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[19,7844,7845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7846,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855,7857,7859,7861,7863,7865,7867,7869,7871,7873,7875,7878,7880,7882,7884],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7848,7415],{"class":67},[57,7850,1395],{"class":938},[57,7852,373],{"class":942},[57,7854,1395],{"class":938},[57,7856,972],{"class":67},[57,7858,3622],{"class":80},[57,7860,1081],{"class":67},[57,7862,1390],{"class":938},[57,7864,2881],{"class":942},[57,7866,1395],{"class":938},[57,7868,972],{"class":67},[57,7870,1084],{"class":80},[57,7872,1081],{"class":67},[57,7874,1390],{"class":938},[57,7876,7877],{"class":942},"c",[57,7879,1395],{"class":938},[57,7881,972],{"class":67},[57,7883,530],{"class":80},[57,7885,7446],{"class":67},[43,7887,7540],{"id":7888},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[15,7890,154,7891,7893],{},[19,7892,7256],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[48,7895,7897],{"className":50,"code":7896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[19,7898,7899,7909,7923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7900,7901,7903,7905,7907],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7902,7302],{"class":285},[57,7904,289],{"class":76},[57,7906,7307],{"class":990},[57,7908,6778],{"class":67},[57,7910,7911,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7912,64],{"class":63},[57,7914,68],{"class":67},[57,7916,1315],{"class":990},[57,7918,68],{"class":67},[57,7920,7341],{"class":238},[57,7922,84],{"class":67},[57,7924,7925,7927,7929,7931],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,7926,64],{"class":63},[57,7928,68],{"class":67},[57,7930,7341],{"class":238},[57,7932,242],{"class":67},[15,7934,7935],{},[1854,7936,131],{},[48,7938,7940],{"className":50,"code":7939,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[19,7941,7942,7956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7943,7944,7946,7948,7950,7952,7954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7945,1384],{"class":76},[57,7947,1387],{"class":125},[57,7949,1390],{"class":938},[57,7951,6957],{"class":942},[57,7953,1395],{"class":938},[57,7955,1398],{"class":76},[57,7957,7958],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,7959,7572],{"class":67},[15,7961,7962],{},"This gives the same result as:",[48,7964,7966],{"className":50,"code":7965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n",[19,7967,7968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7969,7970,7972,7974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7971,7302],{"class":285},[57,7973,289],{"class":76},[57,7975,7976],{"class":67}," {}\n",[15,7978,7979,7980,7982,7983,7986,7987,7989],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[19,7981,1904],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[7984,7985],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[19,7988,7256],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[43,7991,7993],{"id":7992},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[15,7995,7996,7997,498],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[19,7998,7256],{},[48,8000,8002],{"className":50,"code":8001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[19,8003,8004,8042,8056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8005,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028,8030,8032,8034,8036,8038,8040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8007,7352],{"class":285},[57,8009,289],{"class":76},[57,8011,7357],{"class":67},[57,8013,1395],{"class":938},[57,8015,5798],{"class":942},[57,8017,1395],{"class":938},[57,8019,1081],{"class":67},[57,8021,1390],{"class":938},[57,8023,3125],{"class":942},[57,8025,1395],{"class":938},[57,8027,7370],{"class":67},[57,8029,7373],{"class":67},[57,8031,1395],{"class":938},[57,8033,7436],{"class":942},[57,8035,1395],{"class":938},[57,8037,1081],{"class":67},[57,8039,7443],{"class":80},[57,8041,7386],{"class":67},[57,8043,8044,8046,8048,8050,8052,8054],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8045,7302],{"class":285},[57,8047,289],{"class":76},[57,8049,7307],{"class":990},[57,8051,68],{"class":67},[57,8053,7399],{"class":238},[57,8055,242],{"class":67},[57,8057,8058,8060,8062,8064],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,8059,64],{"class":63},[57,8061,68],{"class":67},[57,8063,7341],{"class":238},[57,8065,242],{"class":67},[15,8067,8068],{},[1854,8069,131],{},[48,8071,8072],{"className":50,"code":7738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,8073,8074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8075,8076,8078,8080,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090,8092,8094,8096,8098,8100,8102,8104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8077,7415],{"class":67},[57,8079,1395],{"class":938},[57,8081,5798],{"class":942},[57,8083,1395],{"class":938},[57,8085,972],{"class":67},[57,8087,1390],{"class":938},[57,8089,3125],{"class":942},[57,8091,1395],{"class":938},[57,8093,1081],{"class":67},[57,8095,1390],{"class":938},[57,8097,7436],{"class":942},[57,8099,1395],{"class":938},[57,8101,972],{"class":67},[57,8103,7443],{"class":80},[57,8105,7446],{"class":67},[15,8107,8108],{},"Each pair becomes:",[27,8110,8111,8114],{},[30,8112,8113],{},"the first item as the key",[30,8115,8116],{},"the second item as the value",[15,8118,8119],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[48,8121,8123],{"className":50,"code":8122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[19,8124,8125,8160,8174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8126,8127,8129,8131,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142,8144,8146,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156,8158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8128,7352],{"class":285},[57,8130,289],{"class":76},[57,8132,8133],{"class":67}," ((",[57,8135,1395],{"class":938},[57,8137,373],{"class":942},[57,8139,1395],{"class":938},[57,8141,1081],{"class":67},[57,8143,3622],{"class":80},[57,8145,7370],{"class":67},[57,8147,7373],{"class":67},[57,8149,1395],{"class":938},[57,8151,2881],{"class":942},[57,8153,1395],{"class":938},[57,8155,1081],{"class":67},[57,8157,1084],{"class":80},[57,8159,84],{"class":67},[57,8161,8162,8164,8166,8168,8170,8172],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8163,7302],{"class":285},[57,8165,289],{"class":76},[57,8167,7307],{"class":990},[57,8169,68],{"class":67},[57,8171,7399],{"class":238},[57,8173,242],{"class":67},[57,8175,8176,8178,8180,8182],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,8177,64],{"class":63},[57,8179,68],{"class":67},[57,8181,7341],{"class":238},[57,8183,242],{"class":67},[15,8185,8186],{},[1854,8187,131],{},[48,8189,8190],{"className":50,"code":7652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,8191,8192],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8193,8194,8196,8198,8200,8202,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212,8214,8216,8218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8195,7415],{"class":67},[57,8197,1395],{"class":938},[57,8199,373],{"class":942},[57,8201,1395],{"class":938},[57,8203,972],{"class":67},[57,8205,3622],{"class":80},[57,8207,1081],{"class":67},[57,8209,1390],{"class":938},[57,8211,2881],{"class":942},[57,8213,1395],{"class":938},[57,8215,972],{"class":67},[57,8217,1084],{"class":80},[57,8219,7446],{"class":67},[15,8221,8222,8223,498],{},"Each item must contain ",[1854,8224,8225],{},"exactly two elements",[15,8227,920],{},[48,8229,8231],{"className":50,"code":8230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[19,8232,8233,8273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8234,8235,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8254,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8236,8237],{"class":285},"bad_data ",[57,8239,289],{"class":76},[57,8241,7357],{"class":67},[57,8243,1395],{"class":938},[57,8245,373],{"class":942},[57,8247,1395],{"class":938},[57,8249,1081],{"class":67},[57,8251,3622],{"class":80},[57,8253,1081],{"class":67},[57,8255,8256],{"class":80}," 100",[57,8258,7370],{"class":67},[57,8260,7373],{"class":67},[57,8262,1395],{"class":938},[57,8264,2881],{"class":942},[57,8266,1395],{"class":938},[57,8268,1081],{"class":67},[57,8270,1084],{"class":80},[57,8272,7386],{"class":67},[57,8274,8275,8277,8279,8281,8283,8286],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8276,300],{"class":285},[57,8278,289],{"class":76},[57,8280,7307],{"class":990},[57,8282,68],{"class":67},[57,8284,8285],{"class":238},"bad_data",[57,8287,242],{"class":67},[15,8289,8290,8291,8294],{},"Python raises an error because ",[19,8292,8293],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[15,8296,8297],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[48,8299,8301],{"className":50,"code":8300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[19,8302,8303,8352,8366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8304,8305,8307,8309,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331,8333,8336,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8306,7352],{"class":285},[57,8308,289],{"class":76},[57,8310,7357],{"class":67},[57,8312,1395],{"class":938},[57,8314,373],{"class":942},[57,8316,1395],{"class":938},[57,8318,1081],{"class":67},[57,8320,3622],{"class":80},[57,8322,7370],{"class":67},[57,8324,7373],{"class":67},[57,8326,1395],{"class":938},[57,8328,373],{"class":942},[57,8330,1395],{"class":938},[57,8332,1081],{"class":67},[57,8334,8335],{"class":80}," 99",[57,8337,7370],{"class":67},[57,8339,7373],{"class":67},[57,8341,1395],{"class":938},[57,8343,2881],{"class":942},[57,8345,1395],{"class":938},[57,8347,1081],{"class":67},[57,8349,1084],{"class":80},[57,8351,7386],{"class":67},[57,8353,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8355,7302],{"class":285},[57,8357,289],{"class":76},[57,8359,7307],{"class":990},[57,8361,68],{"class":67},[57,8363,7399],{"class":238},[57,8365,242],{"class":67},[57,8367,8368,8370,8372,8374],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,8369,64],{"class":63},[57,8371,68],{"class":67},[57,8373,7341],{"class":238},[57,8375,242],{"class":67},[15,8377,8378],{},[1854,8379,131],{},[48,8381,8383],{"className":50,"code":8382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[19,8384,8385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8386,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409,8411],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8388,7415],{"class":67},[57,8390,1395],{"class":938},[57,8392,373],{"class":942},[57,8394,1395],{"class":938},[57,8396,972],{"class":67},[57,8398,8335],{"class":80},[57,8400,1081],{"class":67},[57,8402,1390],{"class":938},[57,8404,2881],{"class":942},[57,8406,1395],{"class":938},[57,8408,972],{"class":67},[57,8410,1084],{"class":80},[57,8412,7446],{"class":67},[43,8414,8416],{"id":8415},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[15,8418,8419],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[48,8421,8422],{"className":50,"code":7689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,8423,8424,8454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8425,8426,8428,8430,8432,8434,8436,8438,8440,8442,8444,8446,8448,8450,8452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8427,7302],{"class":285},[57,8429,289],{"class":76},[57,8431,7307],{"class":990},[57,8433,68],{"class":67},[57,8435,5798],{"class":7312},[57,8437,289],{"class":76},[57,8439,1395],{"class":938},[57,8441,3125],{"class":942},[57,8443,1395],{"class":938},[57,8445,1081],{"class":67},[57,8447,7325],{"class":7312},[57,8449,289],{"class":76},[57,8451,7330],{"class":80},[57,8453,242],{"class":67},[57,8455,8456,8458,8460,8462],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8457,64],{"class":63},[57,8459,68],{"class":67},[57,8461,7341],{"class":238},[57,8463,242],{"class":67},[15,8465,8466],{},[1854,8467,131],{},[48,8469,8470],{"className":50,"code":7738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,8471,8472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8473,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482,8484,8486,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8475,7415],{"class":67},[57,8477,1395],{"class":938},[57,8479,5798],{"class":942},[57,8481,1395],{"class":938},[57,8483,972],{"class":67},[57,8485,1390],{"class":938},[57,8487,3125],{"class":942},[57,8489,1395],{"class":938},[57,8491,1081],{"class":67},[57,8493,1390],{"class":938},[57,8495,7436],{"class":942},[57,8497,1395],{"class":938},[57,8499,972],{"class":67},[57,8501,7443],{"class":80},[57,8503,7446],{"class":67},[15,8505,8506],{},"In this form:",[27,8508,8509,8517],{},[30,8510,8511,8513,8514],{},[19,8512,5798],{}," becomes the string key ",[19,8515,8516],{},"'name'",[30,8518,8519,8513,8521],{},[19,8520,7436],{},[19,8522,8523],{},"'age'",[15,8525,8526],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[15,8528,8529],{},"Valid examples:",[48,8531,8533],{"className":50,"code":8532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[19,8534,8535,8573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8536,8537,8539,8541,8543,8545,8548,8550,8552,8555,8557,8559,8562,8564,8566,8569,8571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8538,7302],{"class":285},[57,8540,289],{"class":76},[57,8542,7307],{"class":990},[57,8544,68],{"class":67},[57,8546,8547],{"class":7312},"city",[57,8549,289],{"class":76},[57,8551,1395],{"class":938},[57,8553,8554],{"class":942},"Paris",[57,8556,1395],{"class":938},[57,8558,1081],{"class":67},[57,8560,8561],{"class":7312}," country",[57,8563,289],{"class":76},[57,8565,1395],{"class":938},[57,8567,8568],{"class":942},"France",[57,8570,1395],{"class":938},[57,8572,242],{"class":67},[57,8574,8575,8577,8579,8581],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8576,64],{"class":63},[57,8578,68],{"class":67},[57,8580,7341],{"class":238},[57,8582,242],{"class":67},[15,8584,8585],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[27,8587,8588,8591,8594],{},[30,8589,8590],{},"spaces",[30,8592,8593],{},"hyphens",[30,8595,8596],{},"names that start with numbers",[15,8598,8599,8600,8603],{},"For example, this is ",[1854,8601,8602],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[48,8605,8607],{"className":50,"code":8606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[19,8608,8609],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8610,8611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8612,8606],{"class":1772},[15,8614,8615],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[48,8617,8619],{"className":50,"code":8618,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[19,8620,8621,8664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8622,8623,8625,8627,8630,8632,8635,8637,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647,8649,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8624,7302],{"class":285},[57,8626,289],{"class":76},[57,8628,8629],{"class":67}," {",[57,8631,1395],{"class":938},[57,8633,8634],{"class":942},"first-name",[57,8636,1395],{"class":938},[57,8638,972],{"class":67},[57,8640,1390],{"class":938},[57,8642,5807],{"class":942},[57,8644,1395],{"class":938},[57,8646,1081],{"class":67},[57,8648,1390],{"class":938},[57,8650,8651],{"class":942},"first name",[57,8653,1395],{"class":938},[57,8655,972],{"class":67},[57,8657,1390],{"class":938},[57,8659,5807],{"class":942},[57,8661,1395],{"class":938},[57,8663,7446],{"class":67},[57,8665,8666,8668,8670,8672],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8667,64],{"class":63},[57,8669,68],{"class":67},[57,8671,7341],{"class":238},[57,8673,242],{"class":67},[15,8675,8676],{},[1854,8677,131],{},[48,8679,8681],{"className":50,"code":8680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[19,8682,8683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8684,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8686,7415],{"class":67},[57,8688,1395],{"class":938},[57,8690,8634],{"class":942},[57,8692,1395],{"class":938},[57,8694,972],{"class":67},[57,8696,1390],{"class":938},[57,8698,5807],{"class":942},[57,8700,1395],{"class":938},[57,8702,1081],{"class":67},[57,8704,1390],{"class":938},[57,8706,8651],{"class":942},[57,8708,1395],{"class":938},[57,8710,972],{"class":67},[57,8712,1390],{"class":938},[57,8714,5807],{"class":942},[57,8716,1395],{"class":938},[57,8718,7446],{"class":67},[43,8720,8722,8724,8725],{"id":8721},"dict-vs",[19,8723,7256],{}," vs ",[19,8726,1904],{},[15,8728,8729,8730,2511,8732,8734],{},"Both ",[19,8731,7256],{},[19,8733,1904],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[616,8736,154,8738,8740],{"id":8737},"use-when",[19,8739,1904],{}," when:",[27,8742,8743,8746],{},[30,8744,8745],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[30,8747,8748],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[48,8750,8751],{"className":50,"code":7965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,8752,8753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8754,8755,8757,8759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8756,7302],{"class":285},[57,8758,289],{"class":76},[57,8760,7976],{"class":67},[616,8762,154,8764,8740],{"id":8763},"use-dict-when",[19,8765,7256],{},[27,8767,8768,8771,8774],{},[30,8769,8770],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[30,8772,8773],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[30,8775,8776],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[48,8778,8780],{"className":50,"code":8779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[19,8781,8782,8819],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8783,8784,8786,8788,8790,8792,8794,8796,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8785,7302],{"class":285},[57,8787,289],{"class":76},[57,8789,7307],{"class":990},[57,8791,7795],{"class":67},[57,8793,1395],{"class":938},[57,8795,373],{"class":942},[57,8797,1395],{"class":938},[57,8799,1081],{"class":67},[57,8801,3622],{"class":80},[57,8803,7370],{"class":67},[57,8805,7373],{"class":67},[57,8807,1395],{"class":938},[57,8809,2881],{"class":942},[57,8811,1395],{"class":938},[57,8813,1081],{"class":67},[57,8815,1084],{"class":80},[57,8817,8818],{"class":67},")])\n",[57,8820,8821,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844,8846,8848],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8822,8823],{"class":285},"info ",[57,8825,289],{"class":76},[57,8827,7307],{"class":990},[57,8829,68],{"class":67},[57,8831,5798],{"class":7312},[57,8833,289],{"class":76},[57,8835,1395],{"class":938},[57,8837,3125],{"class":942},[57,8839,1395],{"class":938},[57,8841,1081],{"class":67},[57,8843,7325],{"class":7312},[57,8845,289],{"class":76},[57,8847,7330],{"class":80},[57,8849,242],{"class":67},[15,8851,8852],{},"So:",[27,8854,8855,8860],{},[30,8856,8857,8859],{},[19,8858,1904],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[30,8861,8862,8864],{},[19,8863,7256],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[15,8866,8867,8868,8872,8873,498],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[373,8869,8871],{"href":8870},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[373,8874,8876,8877,8880],{"href":8875},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[19,8878,8879],{},"get()"," method",[43,8882,8884],{"id":8883},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[15,8886,8887,8888,498],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[19,8889,7256],{},[616,8891,8893],{"id":8892},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[15,8895,2644],{},[48,8897,8899],{"className":50,"code":8898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[19,8900,8901,8925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8902,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911,8913,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8904,5910],{"class":285},[57,8906,289],{"class":76},[57,8908,1729],{"class":67},[57,8910,1395],{"class":938},[57,8912,373],{"class":942},[57,8914,1395],{"class":938},[57,8916,1081],{"class":67},[57,8918,1390],{"class":938},[57,8920,2881],{"class":942},[57,8922,1395],{"class":938},[57,8924,1742],{"class":67},[57,8926,8927,8929,8931,8933,8935,8937],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8928,7302],{"class":285},[57,8930,289],{"class":76},[57,8932,7307],{"class":990},[57,8934,68],{"class":67},[57,8936,5941],{"class":238},[57,8938,242],{"class":67},[15,8940,8941,8942,498],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[19,8943,8944],{},"('a', 1)",[15,8946,8947],{},"Correct version:",[48,8949,8951],{"className":50,"code":8950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[19,8952,8953,8987,9001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8954,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971,8973,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8956,5910],{"class":285},[57,8958,289],{"class":76},[57,8960,7357],{"class":67},[57,8962,1395],{"class":938},[57,8964,373],{"class":942},[57,8966,1395],{"class":938},[57,8968,1081],{"class":67},[57,8970,3622],{"class":80},[57,8972,7370],{"class":67},[57,8974,7373],{"class":67},[57,8976,1395],{"class":938},[57,8978,2881],{"class":942},[57,8980,1395],{"class":938},[57,8982,1081],{"class":67},[57,8984,1084],{"class":80},[57,8986,7386],{"class":67},[57,8988,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,8990,7302],{"class":285},[57,8992,289],{"class":76},[57,8994,7307],{"class":990},[57,8996,68],{"class":67},[57,8998,5941],{"class":238},[57,9000,242],{"class":67},[57,9002,9003,9005,9007,9009],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,9004,64],{"class":63},[57,9006,68],{"class":67},[57,9008,7341],{"class":238},[57,9010,242],{"class":67},[616,9012,9014],{"id":9013},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[15,9016,9017],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[48,9019,9021],{"className":50,"code":9020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[19,9022,9023],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9024,9025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9026,9020],{"class":1772},[15,9028,9029,9030,972],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[19,9031,289],{},[48,9033,9035],{"className":50,"code":9034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[19,9036,9037,9059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9038,9039,9041,9043,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9040,7302],{"class":285},[57,9042,289],{"class":76},[57,9044,7307],{"class":990},[57,9046,68],{"class":67},[57,9048,5798],{"class":7312},[57,9050,289],{"class":76},[57,9052,1395],{"class":938},[57,9054,3125],{"class":942},[57,9056,1395],{"class":938},[57,9058,242],{"class":67},[57,9060,9061,9063,9065,9067],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9062,64],{"class":63},[57,9064,68],{"class":67},[57,9066,7341],{"class":238},[57,9068,242],{"class":67},[616,9070,9072],{"id":9071},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[15,9074,9075],{},"This will not work:",[48,9077,9078],{"className":50,"code":8606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,9079,9080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9081,9082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9083,8606],{"class":1772},[15,9085,9086],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[48,9088,9090],{"className":50,"code":9089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[19,9091,9092,9116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9093,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9095,7302],{"class":285},[57,9097,289],{"class":76},[57,9099,8629],{"class":67},[57,9101,1395],{"class":938},[57,9103,8634],{"class":942},[57,9105,1395],{"class":938},[57,9107,972],{"class":67},[57,9109,1390],{"class":938},[57,9111,5807],{"class":942},[57,9113,1395],{"class":938},[57,9115,7446],{"class":67},[57,9117,9118,9120,9122,9124],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9119,64],{"class":63},[57,9121,68],{"class":67},[57,9123,7341],{"class":238},[57,9125,242],{"class":67},[616,9127,9129],{"id":9128},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[15,9131,9132],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[48,9134,9136],{"className":50,"code":9135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[19,9137,9138,9174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9139,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9141,7302],{"class":285},[57,9143,289],{"class":76},[57,9145,7307],{"class":990},[57,9147,7795],{"class":67},[57,9149,1395],{"class":938},[57,9151,239],{"class":942},[57,9153,1395],{"class":938},[57,9155,1081],{"class":67},[57,9157,3622],{"class":80},[57,9159,7370],{"class":67},[57,9161,7373],{"class":67},[57,9163,1395],{"class":938},[57,9165,239],{"class":942},[57,9167,1395],{"class":938},[57,9169,1081],{"class":67},[57,9171,1084],{"class":80},[57,9173,8818],{"class":67},[57,9175,9176,9178,9180,9182],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9177,64],{"class":63},[57,9179,68],{"class":67},[57,9181,7341],{"class":238},[57,9183,242],{"class":67},[15,9185,9186],{},[1854,9187,131],{},[48,9189,9191],{"className":50,"code":9190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 2}\n",[19,9192,9193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9194,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203,9205,9207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9196,7415],{"class":67},[57,9198,1395],{"class":938},[57,9200,239],{"class":942},[57,9202,1395],{"class":938},[57,9204,972],{"class":67},[57,9206,1084],{"class":80},[57,9208,7446],{"class":67},[15,9210,9211,9212,498],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[373,9213,9215],{"href":9214},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[43,9217,913],{"id":912},[15,9219,9220,9221,9223],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[19,9222,7256],{}," include:",[27,9225,9226,9236,9242,9245],{},[30,9227,9228,9229,9232,9233],{},"passing a list like ",[19,9230,9231],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[19,9234,9235],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[30,9237,9238,9239],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[19,9240,9241],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[30,9243,9244],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[30,9246,9247,9248,9250],{},"confusing ",[19,9249,7256],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[15,9252,9253],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,9255,9257],{"className":50,"code":9256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[19,9258,9259,9273,9283,9294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9260,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9262,64],{"class":63},[57,9264,68],{"class":67},[57,9266,1315],{"class":990},[57,9268,68],{"class":67},[57,9270,7341],{"class":238},[57,9272,84],{"class":67},[57,9274,9275,9277,9279,9281],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9276,64],{"class":63},[57,9278,68],{"class":67},[57,9280,7341],{"class":238},[57,9282,242],{"class":67},[57,9284,9285,9287,9289,9292],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,9286,64],{"class":63},[57,9288,68],{"class":67},[57,9290,9291],{"class":238},"list_of_pairs",[57,9293,242],{"class":67},[57,9295,9296,9298,9300,9303,9305,9307],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,9297,64],{"class":63},[57,9299,68],{"class":67},[57,9301,9302],{"class":63},"len",[57,9304,68],{"class":67},[57,9306,9291],{"class":238},[57,9308,84],{"class":67},[15,9310,9311],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[27,9313,9314,9317,9320],{},[30,9315,9316],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[30,9318,9319],{},"what data is being passed in",[30,9321,9322],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[43,9324,1554],{"id":1553},[616,9326,3302,9328,2511,9330,572],{"id":9327},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[19,9329,7256],{},[19,9331,1904],{},[15,9333,9334,9336,9337,9339],{},[19,9335,1904],{}," is the short literal form. ",[19,9338,7256],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[616,9341,3292,9343,9345],{"id":9342},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[19,9344,7256],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[15,9347,9348,9349,498],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[19,9350,9235],{},[616,9352,3280,9354,9357],{"id":9353},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[19,9355,9356],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[15,9359,9360],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[616,9362,9364,9365,9367],{"id":9363},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[19,9366,7256],{}," keyword arguments?",[15,9369,9370,9371,9374],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[19,9372,9373],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[43,9376,1602],{"id":1601},[27,9378,9379,9384,9388,9393,9399],{},[30,9380,9381],{},[373,9382,9383],{"href":7528},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[30,9385,9386],{},[373,9387,7292],{"href":7291},[30,9389,9390],{},[373,9391,9392],{"href":8870},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,9394,9395],{},[373,9396,8876,9397,8880],{"href":8875},[19,9398,8879],{},[30,9400,9401],{},[373,9402,9403],{"href":9214},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1634,9405,9406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":9408},[9409,9411,9417,9418,9419,9420,9427,9433,9434,9444],{"id":7482,"depth":87,"text":9410},"What dict() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":9412},[9413,9414,9415,9416],{"id":7539,"depth":103,"text":7540},{"id":7581,"depth":103,"text":7582},{"id":7685,"depth":103,"text":7686},{"id":7775,"depth":103,"text":7776},{"id":7888,"depth":87,"text":7540},{"id":7992,"depth":87,"text":7993},{"id":8415,"depth":87,"text":8416},{"id":8721,"depth":87,"text":9421,"children":9422},"dict() vs {}",[9423,9425],{"id":8737,"depth":103,"text":9424},"Use {} when:",{"id":8763,"depth":103,"text":9426},"Use dict() when:",{"id":8883,"depth":87,"text":8884,"children":9428},[9429,9430,9431,9432],{"id":8892,"depth":103,"text":8893},{"id":9013,"depth":103,"text":9014},{"id":9071,"depth":103,"text":9072},{"id":9128,"depth":103,"text":9129},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":9435},[9436,9438,9440,9442],{"id":9327,"depth":103,"text":9437},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":9342,"depth":103,"text":9439},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":9353,"depth":103,"text":9441},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":9363,"depth":103,"text":9443},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":7248,"description":9445},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":9452,"title":9453,"body":9454,"description":10966,"extension":1666,"meta":10967,"navigation":317,"path":10968,"seo":10969,"stem":10970,"__hash__":10971},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":8,"value":9455,"toc":10935},[9456,9464,9470,9477,9479,9540,9545,9550,9555,9573,9576,9580,9582,9598,9601,9614,9618,9621,9755,9757,9824,9827,9843,9849,9855,9858,9940,9942,9956,9960,9966,10031,10033,10041,10044,10067,10073,10136,10142,10145,10159,10172,10176,10187,10192,10203,10210,10214,10220,10342,10344,10370,10373,10390,10393,10504,10506,10555,10557,10570,10579,10584,10589,10600,10602,10705,10728,10730,10734,10753,10756,10814,10817,10843,10845,10852,10855,10861,10865,10872,10880,10886,10889,10891,10932],[11,9457,9459,9460,9463],{"id":9458},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[19,9461,9462],{},"clear()"," Method",[15,9465,9466,9469],{},[19,9467,9468],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[15,9471,9472,9473,9476],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[1854,9474,9475],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[43,9478,46],{"id":45},[48,9480,9482],{"className":50,"code":9481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[19,9483,9484,9516,9527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9485,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9487,7302],{"class":285},[57,9489,289],{"class":76},[57,9491,8629],{"class":67},[57,9493,939],{"class":938},[57,9495,373],{"class":942},[57,9497,939],{"class":938},[57,9499,972],{"class":67},[57,9501,3622],{"class":80},[57,9503,1081],{"class":67},[57,9505,1449],{"class":938},[57,9507,2881],{"class":942},[57,9509,939],{"class":938},[57,9511,972],{"class":67},[57,9513,1084],{"class":80},[57,9515,7446],{"class":67},[57,9517,9518,9520,9522,9525],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9519,7341],{"class":285},[57,9521,498],{"class":67},[57,9523,9524],{"class":238},"clear",[57,9526,6778],{"class":67},[57,9528,9529,9531,9533,9535,9537],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,9530,64],{"class":63},[57,9532,68],{"class":67},[57,9534,7341],{"class":238},[57,9536,1769],{"class":67},[57,9538,9539],{"class":1772},"  # {}\n",[15,9541,9542,9544],{},[19,9543,9462],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[43,9546,1787,9548,1790],{"id":9547},"what-clear-does",[19,9549,9462],{},[15,9551,17,9552,9554],{},[19,9553,9462],{}," method:",[27,9556,9557,9560,9563,9568],{},[30,9558,9559],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[30,9561,9562],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[30,9564,9565,9566],{},"Returns ",[19,9567,1890],{},[30,9569,9570,9571],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[19,9572,1904],{},[15,9574,9575],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[15,9577,7288,9578,498],{},[373,9579,7292],{"href":7291},[43,9581,221],{"id":220},[48,9583,9585],{"className":50,"code":9584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.clear()\n",[19,9586,9587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9588,9589,9592,9594,9596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9590,9591],{"class":285},"my_dict",[57,9593,498],{"class":67},[57,9595,9524],{"class":238},[57,9597,6778],{"class":67},[15,9599,9600],{},"Important points:",[27,9602,9603,9608,9611],{},[30,9604,9605,9607],{},[19,9606,9462],{}," takes no arguments",[30,9609,9610],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[30,9612,9613],{},"It empties that dictionary",[43,9615,9617],{"id":9616},"simple-example","Simple example",[15,9619,9620],{},"Here is a basic example:",[48,9622,9624],{"className":50,"code":9623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[19,9625,9626,9636,9657,9671,9688,9692,9696,9716,9720,9731,9735],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9627,9628,9631,9633],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9629,9630],{"class":285},"user ",[57,9632,289],{"class":76},[57,9634,9635],{"class":67}," {\n",[57,9637,9638,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9652,9654],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9639,9640],{"class":938},"    \"",[57,9642,5798],{"class":942},[57,9644,939],{"class":938},[57,9646,972],{"class":67},[57,9648,1449],{"class":938},[57,9650,9651],{"class":942},"Maya",[57,9653,939],{"class":938},[57,9655,9656],{"class":67},",\n",[57,9658,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,9660,9640],{"class":938},[57,9662,7436],{"class":942},[57,9664,939],{"class":938},[57,9666,972],{"class":67},[57,9668,7443],{"class":80},[57,9670,9656],{"class":67},[57,9672,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9686],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,9674,9640],{"class":938},[57,9676,8547],{"class":942},[57,9678,939],{"class":938},[57,9680,972],{"class":67},[57,9682,1449],{"class":938},[57,9684,9685],{"class":942},"Berlin",[57,9687,1455],{"class":938},[57,9689,9690],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,9691,7446],{"class":67},[57,9693,9694],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,9695,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,9697,9698,9700,9702,9704,9707,9709,9711,9714],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,9699,64],{"class":63},[57,9701,68],{"class":67},[57,9703,939],{"class":938},[57,9705,9706],{"class":942},"Before:",[57,9708,939],{"class":938},[57,9710,1081],{"class":67},[57,9712,9713],{"class":238}," user",[57,9715,242],{"class":67},[57,9717,9718],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,9719,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,9721,9722,9725,9727,9729],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,9723,9724],{"class":285},"user",[57,9726,498],{"class":67},[57,9728,9524],{"class":238},[57,9730,6778],{"class":67},[57,9732,9733],{"class":59,"line":4564},[57,9734,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9747,9749,9751,9753],{"class":59,"line":9737},11,[57,9739,64],{"class":63},[57,9741,68],{"class":67},[57,9743,939],{"class":938},[57,9745,9746],{"class":942},"After:",[57,9748,939],{"class":938},[57,9750,1081],{"class":67},[57,9752,9713],{"class":238},[57,9754,242],{"class":67},[15,9756,3684],{},[48,9758,9760],{"className":50,"code":9759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[19,9761,9762,9815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9763,9764,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9765,9766],{"class":285},"Before",[57,9768,972],{"class":67},[57,9770,8629],{"class":67},[57,9772,1395],{"class":938},[57,9774,5798],{"class":942},[57,9776,1395],{"class":938},[57,9778,972],{"class":67},[57,9780,1390],{"class":938},[57,9782,9651],{"class":942},[57,9784,1395],{"class":938},[57,9786,1081],{"class":67},[57,9788,1390],{"class":938},[57,9790,7436],{"class":942},[57,9792,1395],{"class":938},[57,9794,972],{"class":67},[57,9796,7443],{"class":80},[57,9798,1081],{"class":67},[57,9800,1390],{"class":938},[57,9802,8547],{"class":942},[57,9804,1395],{"class":938},[57,9806,972],{"class":67},[57,9808,1390],{"class":938},[57,9810,9685],{"class":942},[57,9812,1395],{"class":938},[57,9814,7446],{"class":67},[57,9816,9817,9820,9822],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9818,9819],{"class":285},"After",[57,9821,972],{"class":67},[57,9823,7976],{"class":67},[15,9825,9826],{},"What happens here:",[27,9828,9829,9834,9840],{},[30,9830,9831,9833],{},[19,9832,9724],{}," starts with three items",[30,9835,9836,9839],{},[19,9837,9838],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[30,9841,9842],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[43,9844,1787,9846,9848],{"id":9845},"what-clear-returns",[19,9847,9462],{}," returns",[15,9850,9851,474,9853,498],{},[19,9852,9462],{},[19,9854,1890],{},[15,9856,9857],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,9859,9861],{"className":50,"code":9860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[19,9862,9863,9897,9901,9916,9920,9930],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9864,9865,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9889,9891,9893,9895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9866,9867],{"class":285},"my_dict ",[57,9869,289],{"class":76},[57,9871,8629],{"class":67},[57,9873,939],{"class":938},[57,9875,239],{"class":942},[57,9877,939],{"class":938},[57,9879,972],{"class":67},[57,9881,3622],{"class":80},[57,9883,1081],{"class":67},[57,9885,1449],{"class":938},[57,9887,9888],{"class":942},"y",[57,9890,939],{"class":938},[57,9892,972],{"class":67},[57,9894,1084],{"class":80},[57,9896,7446],{"class":67},[57,9898,9899],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9900,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,9902,9903,9905,9907,9910,9912,9914],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,9904,300],{"class":285},[57,9906,289],{"class":76},[57,9908,9909],{"class":285}," my_dict",[57,9911,498],{"class":67},[57,9913,9524],{"class":238},[57,9915,6778],{"class":67},[57,9917,9918],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,9919,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,9921,9922,9924,9926,9928],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,9923,64],{"class":63},[57,9925,68],{"class":67},[57,9927,339],{"class":238},[57,9929,242],{"class":67},[57,9931,9932,9934,9936,9938],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,9933,64],{"class":63},[57,9935,68],{"class":67},[57,9937,9591],{"class":238},[57,9939,242],{"class":67},[15,9941,131],{},[48,9943,9945],{"className":50,"code":9944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{}\n",[19,9946,9947,9952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9948,9949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9950,9951],{"class":1965},"None\n",[57,9953,9954],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,9955,7572],{"class":67},[616,9957,9959],{"id":9958},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[15,9961,9962,9963,9965],{},"Do ",[1854,9964,2750],{}," do this:",[48,9967,9969],{"className":50,"code":9968,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[19,9970,9971,10003,10017,10021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9972,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9974,9867],{"class":285},[57,9976,289],{"class":76},[57,9978,8629],{"class":67},[57,9980,939],{"class":938},[57,9982,239],{"class":942},[57,9984,939],{"class":938},[57,9986,972],{"class":67},[57,9988,3622],{"class":80},[57,9990,1081],{"class":67},[57,9992,1449],{"class":938},[57,9994,9888],{"class":942},[57,9996,939],{"class":938},[57,9998,972],{"class":67},[57,10000,1084],{"class":80},[57,10002,7446],{"class":67},[57,10004,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10006,9867],{"class":285},[57,10008,289],{"class":76},[57,10010,9909],{"class":285},[57,10012,498],{"class":67},[57,10014,9524],{"class":238},[57,10016,6778],{"class":67},[57,10018,10019],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10020,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10022,10023,10025,10027,10029],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,10024,64],{"class":63},[57,10026,68],{"class":67},[57,10028,9591],{"class":238},[57,10030,242],{"class":67},[15,10032,131],{},[48,10034,10035],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,10036,10037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10038,10039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10040,9951],{"class":1965},[15,10042,10043],{},"Why this happens:",[27,10045,10046,10052,10057],{},[30,10047,10048,10051],{},[19,10049,10050],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[30,10053,10054,10055],{},"The method returns ",[19,10056,1890],{},[30,10058,10059,10060,10063,10064,10066],{},"Then ",[19,10061,10062],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[19,10065,1890],{}," in the variable",[15,10068,10069,10070,10072],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[19,10071,9462],{}," by itself:",[48,10074,10076],{"className":50,"code":10075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[19,10077,10078,10110,10120,10124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10079,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10081,9867],{"class":285},[57,10083,289],{"class":76},[57,10085,8629],{"class":67},[57,10087,939],{"class":938},[57,10089,239],{"class":942},[57,10091,939],{"class":938},[57,10093,972],{"class":67},[57,10095,3622],{"class":80},[57,10097,1081],{"class":67},[57,10099,1449],{"class":938},[57,10101,9888],{"class":942},[57,10103,939],{"class":938},[57,10105,972],{"class":67},[57,10107,1084],{"class":80},[57,10109,7446],{"class":67},[57,10111,10112,10114,10116,10118],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10113,9591],{"class":285},[57,10115,498],{"class":67},[57,10117,9524],{"class":238},[57,10119,6778],{"class":67},[57,10121,10122],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10123,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10125,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,10127,64],{"class":63},[57,10129,68],{"class":67},[57,10131,9591],{"class":238},[57,10133,1769],{"class":67},[57,10135,9539],{"class":1772},[43,10137,10139,10141],{"id":10138},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[19,10140,9462],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[15,10143,10144],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[48,10146,10147],{"className":50,"code":9584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,10148,10149],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10150,10151,10153,10155,10157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10152,9591],{"class":285},[57,10154,498],{"class":67},[57,10156,9524],{"class":238},[57,10158,6778],{"class":67},[48,10160,10162],{"className":50,"code":10161,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\n",[19,10163,10164],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10165,10166,10168,10170],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10167,9867],{"class":285},[57,10169,289],{"class":76},[57,10171,7976],{"class":67},[616,10173,10174],{"id":9524},[19,10175,9462],{},[27,10177,10178,10181,10184],{},[30,10179,10180],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[30,10182,10183],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[30,10185,10186],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[616,10188,10189],{"id":9591},[19,10190,10191],{},"my_dict = {}",[27,10193,10194,10197,10200],{},[30,10195,10196],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[30,10198,10199],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[30,10201,10202],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[15,10204,10205,10206,498],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[373,10207,10209],{"href":10208},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[43,10211,10213],{"id":10212},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[15,10215,10216,10217,10219],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[19,10218,9462],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[48,10221,10223],{"className":50,"code":10222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[19,10224,10225,10258,10268,10272,10283,10287,10307,10327],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10226,10227,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10228,10229],{"class":285},"original ",[57,10231,289],{"class":76},[57,10233,8629],{"class":67},[57,10235,939],{"class":938},[57,10237,373],{"class":942},[57,10239,939],{"class":938},[57,10241,972],{"class":67},[57,10243,3622],{"class":80},[57,10245,1081],{"class":67},[57,10247,1449],{"class":938},[57,10249,2881],{"class":942},[57,10251,939],{"class":938},[57,10253,972],{"class":67},[57,10255,1084],{"class":80},[57,10257,7446],{"class":67},[57,10259,10260,10263,10265],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10261,10262],{"class":285},"other_ref ",[57,10264,289],{"class":76},[57,10266,10267],{"class":285}," original\n",[57,10269,10270],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10271,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10273,10274,10277,10279,10281],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,10275,10276],{"class":285},"original",[57,10278,498],{"class":67},[57,10280,9524],{"class":238},[57,10282,6778],{"class":67},[57,10284,10285],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,10286,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10288,10289,10291,10293,10295,10298,10300,10302,10305],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,10290,64],{"class":63},[57,10292,68],{"class":67},[57,10294,939],{"class":938},[57,10296,10297],{"class":942},"original:",[57,10299,939],{"class":938},[57,10301,1081],{"class":67},[57,10303,10304],{"class":238}," original",[57,10306,242],{"class":67},[57,10308,10309,10311,10313,10315,10318,10320,10322,10325],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,10310,64],{"class":63},[57,10312,68],{"class":67},[57,10314,939],{"class":938},[57,10316,10317],{"class":942},"other_ref:",[57,10319,939],{"class":938},[57,10321,1081],{"class":67},[57,10323,10324],{"class":238}," other_ref",[57,10326,242],{"class":67},[57,10328,10329,10331,10333,10335,10338,10340],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,10330,64],{"class":63},[57,10332,68],{"class":67},[57,10334,10229],{"class":238},[57,10336,10337],{"class":1990},"is",[57,10339,10324],{"class":238},[57,10341,242],{"class":67},[15,10343,131],{},[48,10345,10347],{"className":50,"code":10346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[19,10348,10349,10357,10366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10350,10351,10353,10355],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10352,10276],{"class":285},[57,10354,972],{"class":67},[57,10356,7976],{"class":67},[57,10358,10359,10362,10364],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10360,10361],{"class":285},"other_ref",[57,10363,972],{"class":67},[57,10365,7976],{"class":67},[57,10367,10368],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10369,2095],{"class":1965},[15,10371,10372],{},"This shows:",[27,10374,10375,10382,10387],{},[30,10376,10377,2511,10379,10381],{},[19,10378,10276],{},[19,10380,10361],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[30,10383,10384,10386],{},[19,10385,9462],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[30,10388,10389],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[15,10391,10392],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[48,10394,10396],{"className":50,"code":10395,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[19,10397,10398,10430,10438,10442,10450,10454,10472,10490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10399,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10401,10229],{"class":285},[57,10403,289],{"class":76},[57,10405,8629],{"class":67},[57,10407,939],{"class":938},[57,10409,373],{"class":942},[57,10411,939],{"class":938},[57,10413,972],{"class":67},[57,10415,3622],{"class":80},[57,10417,1081],{"class":67},[57,10419,1449],{"class":938},[57,10421,2881],{"class":942},[57,10423,939],{"class":938},[57,10425,972],{"class":67},[57,10427,1084],{"class":80},[57,10429,7446],{"class":67},[57,10431,10432,10434,10436],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10433,10262],{"class":285},[57,10435,289],{"class":76},[57,10437,10267],{"class":285},[57,10439,10440],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10441,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10443,10444,10446,10448],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,10445,10229],{"class":285},[57,10447,289],{"class":76},[57,10449,7976],{"class":67},[57,10451,10452],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,10453,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10455,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,10457,64],{"class":63},[57,10459,68],{"class":67},[57,10461,939],{"class":938},[57,10463,10297],{"class":942},[57,10465,939],{"class":938},[57,10467,1081],{"class":67},[57,10469,10304],{"class":238},[57,10471,242],{"class":67},[57,10473,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,10475,64],{"class":63},[57,10477,68],{"class":67},[57,10479,939],{"class":938},[57,10481,10317],{"class":942},[57,10483,939],{"class":938},[57,10485,1081],{"class":67},[57,10487,10324],{"class":238},[57,10489,242],{"class":67},[57,10491,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,10493,64],{"class":63},[57,10495,68],{"class":67},[57,10497,10229],{"class":238},[57,10499,10337],{"class":1990},[57,10501,10324],{"class":238},[57,10503,242],{"class":67},[15,10505,131],{},[48,10507,10509],{"className":50,"code":10508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[19,10510,10511,10519,10551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10512,10513,10515,10517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10514,10276],{"class":285},[57,10516,972],{"class":67},[57,10518,7976],{"class":67},[57,10520,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10522,10361],{"class":285},[57,10524,972],{"class":67},[57,10526,8629],{"class":67},[57,10528,1395],{"class":938},[57,10530,373],{"class":942},[57,10532,1395],{"class":938},[57,10534,972],{"class":67},[57,10536,3622],{"class":80},[57,10538,1081],{"class":67},[57,10540,1390],{"class":938},[57,10542,2881],{"class":942},[57,10544,1395],{"class":938},[57,10546,972],{"class":67},[57,10548,1084],{"class":80},[57,10550,7446],{"class":67},[57,10552,10553],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10554,2156],{"class":1965},[15,10556,245],{},[27,10558,10559,10565],{},[30,10560,10561,10564],{},[19,10562,10563],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[30,10566,10567,10569],{},[19,10568,10361],{}," still points to the old one",[15,10571,10572,10573,498],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[373,10574,10576],{"href":10575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[19,10577,10578],{},"dict.copy()",[43,10580,3082,10582],{"id":10581},"when-to-use-clear",[19,10583,9462],{},[15,10585,10586,10588],{},[19,10587,9462],{}," is useful when you want to:",[27,10590,10591,10594,10597],{},[30,10592,10593],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[30,10595,10596],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[30,10598,10599],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[15,10601,275],{},[48,10603,10605],{"className":50,"code":10604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[19,10606,10607,10616,10632,10652,10665,10669,10673,10678,10689,10693],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10608,10609,10612,10614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10610,10611],{"class":285},"session_data ",[57,10613,289],{"class":76},[57,10615,9635],{"class":67},[57,10617,10618,10620,10623,10625,10627,10630],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10619,9640],{"class":938},[57,10621,10622],{"class":942},"user_id",[57,10624,939],{"class":938},[57,10626,972],{"class":67},[57,10628,10629],{"class":80}," 101",[57,10631,9656],{"class":67},[57,10633,10634,10636,10639,10641,10643,10645,10648,10650],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10635,9640],{"class":938},[57,10637,10638],{"class":942},"theme",[57,10640,939],{"class":938},[57,10642,972],{"class":67},[57,10644,1449],{"class":938},[57,10646,10647],{"class":942},"dark",[57,10649,939],{"class":938},[57,10651,9656],{"class":67},[57,10653,10654,10656,10659,10661,10663],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,10655,9640],{"class":938},[57,10657,10658],{"class":942},"logged_in",[57,10660,939],{"class":938},[57,10662,972],{"class":67},[57,10664,4550],{"class":1965},[57,10666,10667],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,10668,7446],{"class":67},[57,10670,10671],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,10672,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10674,10675],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,10676,10677],{"class":1772},"# Reset for a new session\n",[57,10679,10680,10683,10685,10687],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,10681,10682],{"class":285},"session_data",[57,10684,498],{"class":67},[57,10686,9524],{"class":238},[57,10688,6778],{"class":67},[57,10690,10691],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,10692,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,10694,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703],{"class":59,"line":4564},[57,10696,64],{"class":63},[57,10698,68],{"class":67},[57,10700,10682],{"class":238},[57,10702,1769],{"class":67},[57,10704,9539],{"class":1772},[15,10706,10707,10708,10714,10715,498,10719,10721,10722,498],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[373,10709,10711],{"href":10710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[19,10712,10713],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[373,10716,10718],{"href":10717},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[7984,10720],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[373,10723,10725],{"href":10724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[19,10726,10727],{},"dict.popitem()",[43,10729,913],{"id":912},[15,10731,8887,10732,972],{},[19,10733,9462],{},[27,10735,10736,10742,10747,10750],{},[30,10737,10738,10739,10741],{},"Assigning the result of ",[19,10740,9462],{}," to a variable",[30,10743,6587,10744,10746],{},[19,10745,9462],{}," to return a new dictionary",[30,10748,10749],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[30,10751,10752],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[15,10754,10755],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[48,10757,10759],{"className":50,"code":10758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[19,10760,10761,10771,10785,10800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10762,10763,10765,10767,10769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10764,64],{"class":63},[57,10766,68],{"class":67},[57,10768,9591],{"class":238},[57,10770,242],{"class":67},[57,10772,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,10774,64],{"class":63},[57,10776,68],{"class":67},[57,10778,1315],{"class":990},[57,10780,68],{"class":67},[57,10782,9591],{"class":238},[57,10784,84],{"class":67},[57,10786,10787,10789,10791,10794,10796,10798],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,10788,64],{"class":63},[57,10790,68],{"class":67},[57,10792,10793],{"class":63},"id",[57,10795,68],{"class":67},[57,10797,9591],{"class":238},[57,10799,84],{"class":67},[57,10801,10802,10804,10806,10808,10810,10812],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,10803,64],{"class":63},[57,10805,68],{"class":67},[57,10807,10262],{"class":238},[57,10809,10337],{"class":1990},[57,10811,9909],{"class":238},[57,10813,242],{"class":67},[15,10815,10816],{},"What these show:",[27,10818,10819,10825,10831,10837],{},[30,10820,10821,10824],{},[19,10822,10823],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[30,10826,10827,10830],{},[19,10828,10829],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[30,10832,10833,10836],{},[19,10834,10835],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[30,10838,10839,10842],{},[19,10840,10841],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[43,10844,1554],{"id":1553},[616,10846,10848,10849,10851],{"id":10847},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[19,10850,9462],{}," delete the dictionary?",[15,10853,10854],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[616,10856,3264,10858,10860],{"id":10857},"what-does-dictclear-return",[19,10859,9468],{}," return?",[15,10862,3270,10863,498],{},[19,10864,1890],{},[616,10866,3302,10868,2511,10870,572],{"id":10867},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[19,10869,9462],{},[19,10871,1904],{},[15,10873,10874,10876,10877,10879],{},[19,10875,9462],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[19,10878,1904],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[616,10881,10848,10883,10885],{"id":10882},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[19,10884,9462],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[15,10887,10888],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[43,10890,1602],{"id":1601},[27,10892,10893,10897,10901,10908,10915,10922,10927],{},[30,10894,10895],{},[373,10896,7292],{"href":7291},[30,10898,10899],{},[373,10900,9383],{"href":7528},[30,10902,10903],{},[373,10904,8876,10905,8880],{"href":10710},[19,10906,10907],{},"pop()",[30,10909,10910],{},[373,10911,8876,10912,8880],{"href":10724},[19,10913,10914],{},"popitem()",[30,10916,10917],{},[373,10918,8876,10919,8880],{"href":10575},[19,10920,10921],{},"copy()",[30,10923,10924],{},[373,10925,10926],{"href":10208},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,10928,10929],{},[373,10930,10931],{"href":10717},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1634,10933,10934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":10936},[10937,10938,10940,10941,10942,10946,10951,10952,10954,10955,10965],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":9547,"depth":87,"text":10939},"What clear() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":9845,"depth":87,"text":10943,"children":10944},"What clear() returns",[10945],{"id":9958,"depth":103,"text":9959},{"id":10138,"depth":87,"text":10947,"children":10948},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[10949,10950],{"id":9524,"depth":103,"text":9462},{"id":9591,"depth":103,"text":10191},{"id":10212,"depth":87,"text":10213},{"id":10581,"depth":87,"text":10953},"When to use clear()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":10956},[10957,10959,10961,10963],{"id":10847,"depth":103,"text":10958},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":10857,"depth":103,"text":10960},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":10867,"depth":103,"text":10962},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":10882,"depth":103,"text":10964},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":9453,"description":10966},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":10973,"title":10974,"body":10975,"description":13144,"extension":1666,"meta":13145,"navigation":317,"path":13146,"seo":13147,"stem":13148,"__hash__":13149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":8,"value":10976,"toc":13116},[10977,10982,10987,10997,10999,11088,11092,11133,11138,11145,11163,11172,11174,11195,11198,11210,11212,11291,11295,11336,11338,11341,11469,11473,11553,11556,11574,11577,11581,11587,11589,11600,11602,11797,11801,11907,11910,11928,11931,11938,11943,11947,11961,11963,12090,12094,12174,12187,12193,12196,12204,12208,12334,12338,12412,12417,12548,12552,12626,12629,12643,12647,12651,12665,12667,12803,12807,12876,12878,12883,12905,12908,13015,13018,13029,13036,13038,13044,13047,13054,13057,13064,13072,13076,13079,13081,13113],[11,10978,9459,10980,9463],{"id":10979},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[19,10981,10921],{},[15,10983,10984,10986],{},[19,10985,10578],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[15,10988,10989,10990,10992,10993,10996],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[19,10991,10921],{}," makes a ",[1854,10994,10995],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[43,10998,46],{"id":45},[48,11000,11002],{"className":50,"code":11001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[19,11003,11004,11042,11059,11063,11074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11005,11006,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11007,11008],{"class":285},"student ",[57,11010,289],{"class":76},[57,11012,8629],{"class":67},[57,11014,939],{"class":938},[57,11016,5798],{"class":942},[57,11018,939],{"class":938},[57,11020,972],{"class":67},[57,11022,1449],{"class":938},[57,11024,11025],{"class":942},"Ana",[57,11027,939],{"class":938},[57,11029,1081],{"class":67},[57,11031,1449],{"class":938},[57,11033,7436],{"class":942},[57,11035,939],{"class":938},[57,11037,972],{"class":67},[57,11039,5921],{"class":80},[57,11041,7446],{"class":67},[57,11043,11044,11047,11049,11052,11054,11057],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,11045,11046],{"class":285},"student_copy ",[57,11048,289],{"class":76},[57,11050,11051],{"class":285}," student",[57,11053,498],{"class":67},[57,11055,11056],{"class":238},"copy",[57,11058,6778],{"class":67},[57,11060,11061],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,11062,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,11064,11065,11067,11069,11072],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,11066,64],{"class":63},[57,11068,68],{"class":67},[57,11070,11071],{"class":238},"student_copy",[57,11073,242],{"class":67},[57,11075,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,11077,64],{"class":63},[57,11079,68],{"class":67},[57,11081,11046],{"class":238},[57,11083,10337],{"class":1990},[57,11085,11051],{"class":238},[57,11087,242],{"class":67},[15,11089,11090],{},[1854,11091,131],{},[48,11093,11095],{"className":50,"code":11094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[19,11096,11097,11129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11098,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125,11127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11100,7415],{"class":67},[57,11102,1395],{"class":938},[57,11104,5798],{"class":942},[57,11106,1395],{"class":938},[57,11108,972],{"class":67},[57,11110,1390],{"class":938},[57,11112,11025],{"class":942},[57,11114,1395],{"class":938},[57,11116,1081],{"class":67},[57,11118,1390],{"class":938},[57,11120,7436],{"class":942},[57,11122,1395],{"class":938},[57,11124,972],{"class":67},[57,11126,5921],{"class":80},[57,11128,7446],{"class":67},[57,11130,11131],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,11132,2156],{"class":1965},[15,11134,154,11135,11137],{},[19,11136,10921],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[43,11139,11141,11142,11144],{"id":11140},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[19,11143,10921],{}," method does",[27,11146,11147,11152,11155,11160],{},[30,11148,11149,11151],{},[19,11150,10578],{}," returns a new dictionary",[30,11153,11154],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[30,11156,11157,11158],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[19,11159,10921],{},[30,11161,11162],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[15,11164,11165,11166,965,11169,498],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[373,11167,7292],{"href":11168},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[373,11170,7529],{"href":11171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[43,11173,221],{"id":220},[48,11175,11177],{"className":50,"code":11176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[19,11178,11179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11180,11181,11184,11186,11189,11191,11193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11182,11183],{"class":285},"new_dict ",[57,11185,289],{"class":76},[57,11187,11188],{"class":285}," old_dict",[57,11190,498],{"class":67},[57,11192,11056],{"class":238},[57,11194,6778],{"class":67},[15,11196,11197],{},"Key points:",[27,11199,11200,11204,11207],{},[30,11201,11202,9607],{},[19,11203,10921],{},[30,11205,11206],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[30,11208,11209],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[15,11211,275],{},[48,11213,11215],{"className":50,"code":11214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[19,11216,11217,11260,11276,11280],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11218,11219,11222,11224,11226,11228,11230,11232,11234,11236,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11256,11258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11220,11221],{"class":285},"colors ",[57,11223,289],{"class":76},[57,11225,8629],{"class":67},[57,11227,939],{"class":938},[57,11229,373],{"class":942},[57,11231,939],{"class":938},[57,11233,972],{"class":67},[57,11235,1449],{"class":938},[57,11237,11238],{"class":942},"red",[57,11240,939],{"class":938},[57,11242,1081],{"class":67},[57,11244,1449],{"class":938},[57,11246,2881],{"class":942},[57,11248,939],{"class":938},[57,11250,972],{"class":67},[57,11252,1449],{"class":938},[57,11254,11255],{"class":942},"blue",[57,11257,939],{"class":938},[57,11259,7446],{"class":67},[57,11261,11262,11265,11267,11270,11272,11274],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,11263,11264],{"class":285},"new_colors ",[57,11266,289],{"class":76},[57,11268,11269],{"class":285}," colors",[57,11271,498],{"class":67},[57,11273,11056],{"class":238},[57,11275,6778],{"class":67},[57,11277,11278],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,11279,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,11281,11282,11284,11286,11289],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,11283,64],{"class":63},[57,11285,68],{"class":67},[57,11287,11288],{"class":238},"new_colors",[57,11290,242],{"class":67},[15,11292,11293],{},[1854,11294,131],{},[48,11296,11298],{"className":50,"code":11297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[19,11299,11300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11301,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11303,7415],{"class":67},[57,11305,1395],{"class":938},[57,11307,373],{"class":942},[57,11309,1395],{"class":938},[57,11311,972],{"class":67},[57,11313,1390],{"class":938},[57,11315,11238],{"class":942},[57,11317,1395],{"class":938},[57,11319,1081],{"class":67},[57,11321,1390],{"class":938},[57,11323,2881],{"class":942},[57,11325,1395],{"class":938},[57,11327,972],{"class":67},[57,11329,1390],{"class":938},[57,11331,11255],{"class":942},[57,11333,1395],{"class":938},[57,11335,7446],{"class":67},[43,11337,9617],{"id":9616},[15,11339,11340],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[48,11342,11344],{"className":50,"code":11343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[19,11345,11346,11384,11400,11404,11426,11430,11449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11347,11348,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11368,11370,11372,11374,11376,11378,11380,11382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11349,11350],{"class":285},"person ",[57,11352,289],{"class":76},[57,11354,8629],{"class":67},[57,11356,939],{"class":938},[57,11358,5798],{"class":942},[57,11360,939],{"class":938},[57,11362,972],{"class":67},[57,11364,1449],{"class":938},[57,11366,11367],{"class":942},"Liam",[57,11369,939],{"class":938},[57,11371,1081],{"class":67},[57,11373,1449],{"class":938},[57,11375,7436],{"class":942},[57,11377,939],{"class":938},[57,11379,972],{"class":67},[57,11381,7443],{"class":80},[57,11383,7446],{"class":67},[57,11385,11386,11389,11391,11394,11396,11398],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,11387,11388],{"class":285},"person_copy ",[57,11390,289],{"class":76},[57,11392,11393],{"class":285}," person",[57,11395,498],{"class":67},[57,11397,11056],{"class":238},[57,11399,6778],{"class":67},[57,11401,11402],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,11403,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,11405,11406,11409,11411,11413,11415,11417,11420,11423],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,11407,11408],{"class":285},"person_copy",[57,11410,2015],{"class":67},[57,11412,939],{"class":938},[57,11414,7436],{"class":942},[57,11416,939],{"class":938},[57,11418,11419],{"class":67},"]",[57,11421,11422],{"class":76}," =",[57,11424,11425],{"class":80}," 26\n",[57,11427,11428],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,11429,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,11431,11432,11434,11436,11438,11441,11443,11445,11447],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,11433,64],{"class":63},[57,11435,68],{"class":67},[57,11437,939],{"class":938},[57,11439,11440],{"class":942},"Original:",[57,11442,939],{"class":938},[57,11444,1081],{"class":67},[57,11446,11393],{"class":238},[57,11448,242],{"class":67},[57,11450,11451,11453,11455,11457,11460,11462,11464,11467],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,11452,64],{"class":63},[57,11454,68],{"class":67},[57,11456,939],{"class":938},[57,11458,11459],{"class":942},"Copy:",[57,11461,939],{"class":938},[57,11463,1081],{"class":67},[57,11465,11466],{"class":238}," person_copy",[57,11468,242],{"class":67},[15,11470,11471],{},[1854,11472,131],{},[48,11474,11476],{"className":50,"code":11475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[19,11477,11478,11515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11479,11480,11483,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11481,11482],{"class":285},"Original",[57,11484,972],{"class":67},[57,11486,8629],{"class":67},[57,11488,1395],{"class":938},[57,11490,5798],{"class":942},[57,11492,1395],{"class":938},[57,11494,972],{"class":67},[57,11496,1390],{"class":938},[57,11498,11367],{"class":942},[57,11500,1395],{"class":938},[57,11502,1081],{"class":67},[57,11504,1390],{"class":938},[57,11506,7436],{"class":942},[57,11508,1395],{"class":938},[57,11510,972],{"class":67},[57,11512,7443],{"class":80},[57,11514,7446],{"class":67},[57,11516,11517,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11551],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,11518,11519],{"class":285},"Copy",[57,11521,972],{"class":67},[57,11523,8629],{"class":67},[57,11525,1395],{"class":938},[57,11527,5798],{"class":942},[57,11529,1395],{"class":938},[57,11531,972],{"class":67},[57,11533,1390],{"class":938},[57,11535,11367],{"class":942},[57,11537,1395],{"class":938},[57,11539,1081],{"class":67},[57,11541,1390],{"class":938},[57,11543,7436],{"class":942},[57,11545,1395],{"class":938},[57,11547,972],{"class":67},[57,11549,11550],{"class":80}," 26",[57,11552,7446],{"class":67},[15,11554,11555],{},"What happened here:",[27,11557,11558,11564,11571],{},[30,11559,11560,11563],{},[19,11561,11562],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[30,11565,11566,11567,11570],{},"Changing ",[19,11568,11569],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[30,11572,11573],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[15,11575,11576],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[43,11578,11580],{"id":11579},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[15,11582,11583,10992,11585,498],{},[19,11584,10921],{},[1854,11586,10995],{},[15,11588,169],{},[27,11590,11591,11594,11597],{},[30,11592,11593],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[30,11595,11596],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[30,11598,11599],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[15,11601,275],{},[48,11603,11605],{"className":50,"code":11604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[19,11606,11607,11615,11633,11656,11660,11664,11678,11682,11707,11711,11729,11748,11763],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11608,11609,11611,11613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11610,11008],{"class":285},[57,11612,289],{"class":76},[57,11614,9635],{"class":67},[57,11616,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11631],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,11618,9640],{"class":938},[57,11620,5798],{"class":942},[57,11622,939],{"class":938},[57,11624,972],{"class":67},[57,11626,1449],{"class":938},[57,11628,11025],{"class":942},[57,11630,939],{"class":938},[57,11632,9656],{"class":67},[57,11634,11635,11637,11640,11642,11644,11646,11649,11651,11654],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,11636,9640],{"class":938},[57,11638,11639],{"class":942},"grades",[57,11641,939],{"class":938},[57,11643,972],{"class":67},[57,11645,1729],{"class":67},[57,11647,11648],{"class":80},"90",[57,11650,1081],{"class":67},[57,11652,11653],{"class":80}," 85",[57,11655,1742],{"class":67},[57,11657,11658],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,11659,7446],{"class":67},[57,11661,11662],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,11663,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,11665,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,11667,11046],{"class":285},[57,11669,289],{"class":76},[57,11671,11051],{"class":285},[57,11673,498],{"class":67},[57,11675,11056],{"class":238},[57,11677,6778],{"class":67},[57,11679,11680],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,11681,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,11683,11684,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11697,11700,11702,11705],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,11685,11071],{"class":285},[57,11687,2015],{"class":67},[57,11689,939],{"class":938},[57,11691,11639],{"class":942},[57,11693,939],{"class":938},[57,11695,11696],{"class":67},"].",[57,11698,11699],{"class":238},"append",[57,11701,68],{"class":67},[57,11703,11704],{"class":80},"100",[57,11706,242],{"class":67},[57,11708,11709],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,11710,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,11712,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727],{"class":59,"line":4564},[57,11714,64],{"class":63},[57,11716,68],{"class":67},[57,11718,939],{"class":938},[57,11720,11440],{"class":942},[57,11722,939],{"class":938},[57,11724,1081],{"class":67},[57,11726,11051],{"class":238},[57,11728,242],{"class":67},[57,11730,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11746],{"class":59,"line":9737},[57,11732,64],{"class":63},[57,11734,68],{"class":67},[57,11736,939],{"class":938},[57,11738,11459],{"class":942},[57,11740,939],{"class":938},[57,11742,1081],{"class":67},[57,11744,11745],{"class":238}," student_copy",[57,11747,242],{"class":67},[57,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761],{"class":59,"line":11750},12,[57,11752,64],{"class":63},[57,11754,68],{"class":67},[57,11756,11008],{"class":238},[57,11758,10337],{"class":1990},[57,11760,11745],{"class":238},[57,11762,242],{"class":67},[57,11764,11766,11768,11770,11773,11775,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785,11787,11789,11791,11793,11795],{"class":59,"line":11765},13,[57,11767,64],{"class":63},[57,11769,68],{"class":67},[57,11771,11772],{"class":238},"student",[57,11774,2015],{"class":67},[57,11776,939],{"class":938},[57,11778,11639],{"class":942},[57,11780,939],{"class":938},[57,11782,11419],{"class":67},[57,11784,6229],{"class":1990},[57,11786,11745],{"class":238},[57,11788,2015],{"class":67},[57,11790,939],{"class":938},[57,11792,11639],{"class":942},[57,11794,939],{"class":938},[57,11796,2003],{"class":67},[15,11798,11799],{},[1854,11800,131],{},[48,11802,11804],{"className":50,"code":11803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[19,11805,11806,11853,11899,11903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11807,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846,11848,11850],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11809,11482],{"class":285},[57,11811,972],{"class":67},[57,11813,8629],{"class":67},[57,11815,1395],{"class":938},[57,11817,5798],{"class":942},[57,11819,1395],{"class":938},[57,11821,972],{"class":67},[57,11823,1390],{"class":938},[57,11825,11025],{"class":942},[57,11827,1395],{"class":938},[57,11829,1081],{"class":67},[57,11831,1390],{"class":938},[57,11833,11639],{"class":942},[57,11835,1395],{"class":938},[57,11837,972],{"class":67},[57,11839,1729],{"class":67},[57,11841,11648],{"class":80},[57,11843,1081],{"class":67},[57,11845,11653],{"class":80},[57,11847,1081],{"class":67},[57,11849,8256],{"class":80},[57,11851,11852],{"class":67},"]}\n",[57,11854,11855,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,11856,11519],{"class":285},[57,11858,972],{"class":67},[57,11860,8629],{"class":67},[57,11862,1395],{"class":938},[57,11864,5798],{"class":942},[57,11866,1395],{"class":938},[57,11868,972],{"class":67},[57,11870,1390],{"class":938},[57,11872,11025],{"class":942},[57,11874,1395],{"class":938},[57,11876,1081],{"class":67},[57,11878,1390],{"class":938},[57,11880,11639],{"class":942},[57,11882,1395],{"class":938},[57,11884,972],{"class":67},[57,11886,1729],{"class":67},[57,11888,11648],{"class":80},[57,11890,1081],{"class":67},[57,11892,11653],{"class":80},[57,11894,1081],{"class":67},[57,11896,8256],{"class":80},[57,11898,11852],{"class":67},[57,11900,11901],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,11902,2156],{"class":1965},[57,11904,11905],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,11906,2095],{"class":1965},[15,11908,11909],{},"Notice the difference:",[27,11911,11912,11920],{},[30,11913,11914,2904,11917,11919],{},[19,11915,11916],{},"student is student_copy",[19,11918,1783],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[30,11921,11922,2904,11925,11927],{},[19,11923,11924],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[19,11926,1709],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[15,11929,11930],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[15,11932,11933,11934,498],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[373,11935,11937],{"href":11936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[43,11939,3082,11941],{"id":11940},"when-to-use-copy",[19,11942,10921],{},[15,11944,154,11945,8740],{},[19,11946,10921],{},[27,11948,11949,11952,11955,11958],{},[30,11950,11951],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[30,11953,11954],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[30,11956,11957],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[30,11959,11960],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[15,11962,275],{},[48,11964,11966],{"className":50,"code":11965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[19,11967,11968,12007,12023,12027,12047,12051,12070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11969,11970,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11998,12000,12002,12005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11971,11972],{"class":285},"settings ",[57,11974,289],{"class":76},[57,11976,8629],{"class":67},[57,11978,939],{"class":938},[57,11980,10638],{"class":942},[57,11982,939],{"class":938},[57,11984,972],{"class":67},[57,11986,1449],{"class":938},[57,11988,10647],{"class":942},[57,11990,939],{"class":938},[57,11992,1081],{"class":67},[57,11994,1449],{"class":938},[57,11996,11997],{"class":942},"font_size",[57,11999,939],{"class":938},[57,12001,972],{"class":67},[57,12003,12004],{"class":80}," 14",[57,12006,7446],{"class":67},[57,12008,12009,12012,12014,12017,12019,12021],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12010,12011],{"class":285},"settings_backup ",[57,12013,289],{"class":76},[57,12015,12016],{"class":285}," settings",[57,12018,498],{"class":67},[57,12020,11056],{"class":238},[57,12022,6778],{"class":67},[57,12024,12025],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,12026,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12028,12029,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,12030,12031],{"class":285},"settings",[57,12033,2015],{"class":67},[57,12035,939],{"class":938},[57,12037,11997],{"class":942},[57,12039,939],{"class":938},[57,12041,11419],{"class":67},[57,12043,11422],{"class":76},[57,12045,12046],{"class":80}," 16\n",[57,12048,12049],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,12050,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12052,12053,12055,12057,12059,12062,12064,12066,12068],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,12054,64],{"class":63},[57,12056,68],{"class":67},[57,12058,939],{"class":938},[57,12060,12061],{"class":942},"Current:",[57,12063,939],{"class":938},[57,12065,1081],{"class":67},[57,12067,12016],{"class":238},[57,12069,242],{"class":67},[57,12071,12072,12074,12076,12078,12081,12083,12085,12088],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,12073,64],{"class":63},[57,12075,68],{"class":67},[57,12077,939],{"class":938},[57,12079,12080],{"class":942},"Backup:",[57,12082,939],{"class":938},[57,12084,1081],{"class":67},[57,12086,12087],{"class":238}," settings_backup",[57,12089,242],{"class":67},[15,12091,12092],{},[1854,12093,131],{},[48,12095,12097],{"className":50,"code":12096,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[19,12098,12099,12137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12100,12101,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12102,12103],{"class":285},"Current",[57,12105,972],{"class":67},[57,12107,8629],{"class":67},[57,12109,1395],{"class":938},[57,12111,10638],{"class":942},[57,12113,1395],{"class":938},[57,12115,972],{"class":67},[57,12117,1390],{"class":938},[57,12119,10647],{"class":942},[57,12121,1395],{"class":938},[57,12123,1081],{"class":67},[57,12125,1390],{"class":938},[57,12127,11997],{"class":942},[57,12129,1395],{"class":938},[57,12131,972],{"class":67},[57,12133,12134],{"class":80}," 16",[57,12136,7446],{"class":67},[57,12138,12139,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12140,12141],{"class":285},"Backup",[57,12143,972],{"class":67},[57,12145,8629],{"class":67},[57,12147,1395],{"class":938},[57,12149,10638],{"class":942},[57,12151,1395],{"class":938},[57,12153,972],{"class":67},[57,12155,1390],{"class":938},[57,12157,10647],{"class":942},[57,12159,1395],{"class":938},[57,12161,1081],{"class":67},[57,12163,1390],{"class":938},[57,12165,11997],{"class":942},[57,12167,1395],{"class":938},[57,12169,972],{"class":67},[57,12171,12004],{"class":80},[57,12173,7446],{"class":67},[15,12175,12176,12177,965,12183,498],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[373,12178,12180],{"href":12179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[19,12181,12182],{},"dict.update()",[373,12184,12185],{"href":10968},[19,12186,9468],{},[43,12188,12190,12192],{"id":12189},"copy-vs-assignment",[19,12191,10921],{}," vs assignment",[15,12194,12195],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[15,12197,6551,12198,12200,12201,12203],{},[19,12199,289],{}," does ",[1854,12202,2750],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[616,12205,12207],{"id":12206},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[48,12209,12211],{"className":50,"code":12210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[19,12212,12213,12245,12254,12258,12278,12282,12300,12320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12214,12215,12217,12219,12221,12223,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235,12237,12239,12241,12243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12216,10229],{"class":285},[57,12218,289],{"class":76},[57,12220,8629],{"class":67},[57,12222,939],{"class":938},[57,12224,239],{"class":942},[57,12226,939],{"class":938},[57,12228,972],{"class":67},[57,12230,3622],{"class":80},[57,12232,1081],{"class":67},[57,12234,1449],{"class":938},[57,12236,9888],{"class":942},[57,12238,939],{"class":938},[57,12240,972],{"class":67},[57,12242,1084],{"class":80},[57,12244,7446],{"class":67},[57,12246,12247,12250,12252],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12248,12249],{"class":285},"assigned ",[57,12251,289],{"class":76},[57,12253,10267],{"class":285},[57,12255,12256],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,12257,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12259,12260,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,12261,12262],{"class":285},"assigned",[57,12264,2015],{"class":67},[57,12266,939],{"class":938},[57,12268,239],{"class":942},[57,12270,939],{"class":938},[57,12272,11419],{"class":67},[57,12274,11422],{"class":76},[57,12276,12277],{"class":80}," 99\n",[57,12279,12280],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,12281,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12283,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,12285,64],{"class":63},[57,12287,68],{"class":67},[57,12289,939],{"class":938},[57,12291,11440],{"class":942},[57,12293,939],{"class":938},[57,12295,1081],{"class":67},[57,12297,10304],{"class":238},[57,12299,242],{"class":67},[57,12301,12302,12304,12306,12308,12311,12313,12315,12318],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,12303,64],{"class":63},[57,12305,68],{"class":67},[57,12307,939],{"class":938},[57,12309,12310],{"class":942},"Assigned:",[57,12312,939],{"class":938},[57,12314,1081],{"class":67},[57,12316,12317],{"class":238}," assigned",[57,12319,242],{"class":67},[57,12321,12322,12324,12326,12328,12330,12332],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,12323,64],{"class":63},[57,12325,68],{"class":67},[57,12327,10229],{"class":238},[57,12329,10337],{"class":1990},[57,12331,12317],{"class":238},[57,12333,242],{"class":67},[15,12335,12336],{},[1854,12337,131],{},[48,12339,12341],{"className":50,"code":12340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[19,12342,12343,12375,12408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12344,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12357,12359,12361,12363,12365,12367,12369,12371,12373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12346,11482],{"class":285},[57,12348,972],{"class":67},[57,12350,8629],{"class":67},[57,12352,1395],{"class":938},[57,12354,239],{"class":942},[57,12356,1395],{"class":938},[57,12358,972],{"class":67},[57,12360,8335],{"class":80},[57,12362,1081],{"class":67},[57,12364,1390],{"class":938},[57,12366,9888],{"class":942},[57,12368,1395],{"class":938},[57,12370,972],{"class":67},[57,12372,1084],{"class":80},[57,12374,7446],{"class":67},[57,12376,12377,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388,12390,12392,12394,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12378,12379],{"class":285},"Assigned",[57,12381,972],{"class":67},[57,12383,8629],{"class":67},[57,12385,1395],{"class":938},[57,12387,239],{"class":942},[57,12389,1395],{"class":938},[57,12391,972],{"class":67},[57,12393,8335],{"class":80},[57,12395,1081],{"class":67},[57,12397,1390],{"class":938},[57,12399,9888],{"class":942},[57,12401,1395],{"class":938},[57,12403,972],{"class":67},[57,12405,1084],{"class":80},[57,12407,7446],{"class":67},[57,12409,12410],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,12411,2095],{"class":1965},[616,12413,6551,12415],{"id":12414},"using-copy",[19,12416,10921],{},[48,12418,12420],{"className":50,"code":12419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[19,12421,12422,12454,12469,12473,12492,12496,12514,12534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12423,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432,12434,12436,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12425,10229],{"class":285},[57,12427,289],{"class":76},[57,12429,8629],{"class":67},[57,12431,939],{"class":938},[57,12433,239],{"class":942},[57,12435,939],{"class":938},[57,12437,972],{"class":67},[57,12439,3622],{"class":80},[57,12441,1081],{"class":67},[57,12443,1449],{"class":938},[57,12445,9888],{"class":942},[57,12447,939],{"class":938},[57,12449,972],{"class":67},[57,12451,1084],{"class":80},[57,12453,7446],{"class":67},[57,12455,12456,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12457,12458],{"class":285},"copied ",[57,12460,289],{"class":76},[57,12462,10304],{"class":285},[57,12464,498],{"class":67},[57,12466,11056],{"class":238},[57,12468,6778],{"class":67},[57,12470,12471],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,12472,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12474,12475,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,12476,12477],{"class":285},"copied",[57,12479,2015],{"class":67},[57,12481,939],{"class":938},[57,12483,239],{"class":942},[57,12485,939],{"class":938},[57,12487,11419],{"class":67},[57,12489,11422],{"class":76},[57,12491,12277],{"class":80},[57,12493,12494],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,12495,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12497,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,12499,64],{"class":63},[57,12501,68],{"class":67},[57,12503,939],{"class":938},[57,12505,11440],{"class":942},[57,12507,939],{"class":938},[57,12509,1081],{"class":67},[57,12511,10304],{"class":238},[57,12513,242],{"class":67},[57,12515,12516,12518,12520,12522,12525,12527,12529,12532],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,12517,64],{"class":63},[57,12519,68],{"class":67},[57,12521,939],{"class":938},[57,12523,12524],{"class":942},"Copied:",[57,12526,939],{"class":938},[57,12528,1081],{"class":67},[57,12530,12531],{"class":238}," copied",[57,12533,242],{"class":67},[57,12535,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,12537,64],{"class":63},[57,12539,68],{"class":67},[57,12541,10229],{"class":238},[57,12543,10337],{"class":1990},[57,12545,12531],{"class":238},[57,12547,242],{"class":67},[15,12549,12550],{},[1854,12551,131],{},[48,12553,12555],{"className":50,"code":12554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[19,12556,12557,12589,12622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12558,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12560,11482],{"class":285},[57,12562,972],{"class":67},[57,12564,8629],{"class":67},[57,12566,1395],{"class":938},[57,12568,239],{"class":942},[57,12570,1395],{"class":938},[57,12572,972],{"class":67},[57,12574,3622],{"class":80},[57,12576,1081],{"class":67},[57,12578,1390],{"class":938},[57,12580,9888],{"class":942},[57,12582,1395],{"class":938},[57,12584,972],{"class":67},[57,12586,1084],{"class":80},[57,12588,7446],{"class":67},[57,12590,12591,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12592,12593],{"class":285},"Copied",[57,12595,972],{"class":67},[57,12597,8629],{"class":67},[57,12599,1395],{"class":938},[57,12601,239],{"class":942},[57,12603,1395],{"class":938},[57,12605,972],{"class":67},[57,12607,8335],{"class":80},[57,12609,1081],{"class":67},[57,12611,1390],{"class":938},[57,12613,9888],{"class":942},[57,12615,1395],{"class":938},[57,12617,972],{"class":67},[57,12619,1084],{"class":80},[57,12621,7446],{"class":67},[57,12623,12624],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,12625,2156],{"class":1965},[15,12627,12628],{},"Summary:",[27,12630,12631,12637],{},[30,12632,12633,12636],{},[19,12634,12635],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[30,12638,12639,12642],{},[19,12640,12641],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[43,12644,12646],{"id":12645},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[15,12648,12649,972],{},[19,12650,10921],{},[27,12652,12653,12656,12659,12662],{},[30,12654,12655],{},"Returns a dictionary",[30,12657,12658],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[30,12660,12661],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[30,12663,12664],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[15,12666,275],{},[48,12668,12670],{"className":50,"code":12669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[19,12671,12672,12704,12720,12724,12742,12762,12766,12784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12673,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682,12684,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12675,7302],{"class":285},[57,12677,289],{"class":76},[57,12679,8629],{"class":67},[57,12681,939],{"class":938},[57,12683,373],{"class":942},[57,12685,939],{"class":938},[57,12687,972],{"class":67},[57,12689,3622],{"class":80},[57,12691,1081],{"class":67},[57,12693,1449],{"class":938},[57,12695,2881],{"class":942},[57,12697,939],{"class":938},[57,12699,972],{"class":67},[57,12701,1084],{"class":80},[57,12703,7446],{"class":67},[57,12705,12706,12709,12711,12714,12716,12718],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12707,12708],{"class":285},"data_copy ",[57,12710,289],{"class":76},[57,12712,12713],{"class":285}," data",[57,12715,498],{"class":67},[57,12717,11056],{"class":238},[57,12719,6778],{"class":67},[57,12721,12722],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,12723,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12725,12726,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736,12738,12740],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,12727,7341],{"class":285},[57,12729,2015],{"class":67},[57,12731,939],{"class":938},[57,12733,373],{"class":942},[57,12735,939],{"class":938},[57,12737,11419],{"class":67},[57,12739,11422],{"class":76},[57,12741,669],{"class":80},[57,12743,12744,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,12745,12746],{"class":285},"data_copy",[57,12748,2015],{"class":67},[57,12750,939],{"class":938},[57,12752,2881],{"class":942},[57,12754,939],{"class":938},[57,12756,11419],{"class":67},[57,12758,11422],{"class":76},[57,12760,12761],{"class":80}," 20\n",[57,12763,12764],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,12765,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,12767,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,12769,64],{"class":63},[57,12771,68],{"class":67},[57,12773,939],{"class":938},[57,12775,11440],{"class":942},[57,12777,939],{"class":938},[57,12779,1081],{"class":67},[57,12781,12713],{"class":238},[57,12783,242],{"class":67},[57,12785,12786,12788,12790,12792,12794,12796,12798,12801],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,12787,64],{"class":63},[57,12789,68],{"class":67},[57,12791,939],{"class":938},[57,12793,11459],{"class":942},[57,12795,939],{"class":938},[57,12797,1081],{"class":67},[57,12799,12800],{"class":238}," data_copy",[57,12802,242],{"class":67},[15,12804,12805],{},[1854,12806,131],{},[48,12808,12810],{"className":50,"code":12809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[19,12811,12812,12844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12813,12814,12816,12818,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12815,11482],{"class":285},[57,12817,972],{"class":67},[57,12819,8629],{"class":67},[57,12821,1395],{"class":938},[57,12823,373],{"class":942},[57,12825,1395],{"class":938},[57,12827,972],{"class":67},[57,12829,4130],{"class":80},[57,12831,1081],{"class":67},[57,12833,1390],{"class":938},[57,12835,2881],{"class":942},[57,12837,1395],{"class":938},[57,12839,972],{"class":67},[57,12841,1084],{"class":80},[57,12843,7446],{"class":67},[57,12845,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870,12872,12874],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12847,11519],{"class":285},[57,12849,972],{"class":67},[57,12851,8629],{"class":67},[57,12853,1395],{"class":938},[57,12855,373],{"class":942},[57,12857,1395],{"class":938},[57,12859,972],{"class":67},[57,12861,3622],{"class":80},[57,12863,1081],{"class":67},[57,12865,1390],{"class":938},[57,12867,2881],{"class":942},[57,12869,1395],{"class":938},[57,12871,972],{"class":67},[57,12873,5921],{"class":80},[57,12875,7446],{"class":67},[43,12877,913],{"id":912},[15,12879,12880,12881,972],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[19,12882,10578],{},[27,12884,12885,12892,12897,12902],{},[30,12886,6551,12887,9232,12889,12891],{},[19,12888,289],{},[19,12890,10921],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[30,12893,2698,12894,12896],{},[19,12895,10921],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[30,12898,12899,12900],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[19,12901,10921],{},[30,12903,12904],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[15,12906,12907],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[48,12909,12911],{"className":50,"code":12910,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[19,12912,12913,12923,12933,12947,12970,12993],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12914,12915,12917,12919,12921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12916,64],{"class":63},[57,12918,68],{"class":67},[57,12920,10276],{"class":238},[57,12922,242],{"class":67},[57,12924,12925,12927,12929,12931],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,12926,64],{"class":63},[57,12928,68],{"class":67},[57,12930,12477],{"class":238},[57,12932,242],{"class":67},[57,12934,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,12936,64],{"class":63},[57,12938,68],{"class":67},[57,12940,10229],{"class":238},[57,12942,10337],{"class":1990},[57,12944,12531],{"class":238},[57,12946,242],{"class":67},[57,12948,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12964,12966,12968],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,12950,64],{"class":63},[57,12952,68],{"class":67},[57,12954,10793],{"class":63},[57,12956,68],{"class":67},[57,12958,10276],{"class":238},[57,12960,7370],{"class":67},[57,12962,12963],{"class":63}," id",[57,12965,68],{"class":67},[57,12967,12477],{"class":238},[57,12969,84],{"class":67},[57,12971,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12989,12991],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,12973,64],{"class":63},[57,12975,68],{"class":67},[57,12977,10793],{"class":63},[57,12979,68],{"class":67},[57,12981,10276],{"class":238},[57,12983,2015],{"class":67},[57,12985,939],{"class":938},[57,12987,12988],{"class":942},"key",[57,12990,939],{"class":938},[57,12992,1091],{"class":67},[57,12994,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,12996,64],{"class":63},[57,12998,68],{"class":67},[57,13000,10793],{"class":63},[57,13002,68],{"class":67},[57,13004,12477],{"class":238},[57,13006,2015],{"class":67},[57,13008,939],{"class":938},[57,13010,12988],{"class":942},[57,13012,939],{"class":938},[57,13014,1091],{"class":67},[15,13016,13017],{},"What these help you check:",[27,13019,13020,13023,13026],{},[30,13021,13022],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[30,13024,13025],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[30,13027,13028],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[15,13030,13031,13032,498],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[373,13033,13035],{"href":13034},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[43,13037,1554],{"id":1553},[616,13039,10848,13041,13043],{"id":13040},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[19,13042,10578],{}," change the original dictionary?",[15,13045,13046],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[616,13048,13050,13051,13053],{"id":13049},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[19,13052,10578],{}," a deep copy?",[15,13055,13056],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[616,13058,3302,13060,2511,13062,572],{"id":13059},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[19,13061,10921],{},[19,13063,289],{},[15,13065,13066,13068,13069,13071],{},[19,13067,10921],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[19,13070,289],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[616,13073,13075],{"id":13074},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[15,13077,13078],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[43,13080,1602],{"id":1601},[27,13082,13083,13087,13091,13095,13102,13108],{},[30,13084,13085],{},[373,13086,9383],{"href":11171},[30,13088,13089],{},[373,13090,7292],{"href":11168},[30,13092,13093],{},[373,13094,11937],{"href":11936},[30,13096,13097],{},[373,13098,8876,13099,8880],{"href":12179},[19,13100,13101],{},"update()",[30,13103,13104],{},[373,13105,8876,13106,8880],{"href":10968},[19,13107,9462],{},[30,13109,13110],{},[373,13111,13112],{"href":13034},"How to copy a list in Python",[1634,13114,13115],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":13117},[13118,13119,13121,13122,13123,13124,13126,13132,13133,13134,13143],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":11140,"depth":87,"text":13120},"What the copy() method does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":11579,"depth":87,"text":11580},{"id":11940,"depth":87,"text":13125},"When to use copy()",{"id":12189,"depth":87,"text":13127,"children":13128},"copy() vs assignment",[13129,13130],{"id":12206,"depth":103,"text":12207},{"id":12414,"depth":103,"text":13131},"Using copy()",{"id":12645,"depth":87,"text":12646},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":13135},[13136,13138,13140,13142],{"id":13040,"depth":103,"text":13137},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":13049,"depth":103,"text":13139},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":13059,"depth":103,"text":13141},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":13074,"depth":103,"text":13075},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":10974,"description":13144},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":13151,"title":13152,"body":13153,"description":15352,"extension":1666,"meta":15353,"navigation":317,"path":11171,"seo":15354,"stem":15355,"__hash__":15356},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":8,"value":13154,"toc":15314},[13155,13158,13164,13173,13175,13251,13255,13304,13307,13311,13325,13328,13332,13345,13348,13381,13395,13398,13410,13414,13417,13425,13505,13509,13562,13566,13584,13586,13668,13671,13673,13676,13679,13702,13726,13730,13738,13741,13745,13754,13759,13817,13821,13854,13860,13866,13869,13924,13928,13978,13981,13987,13990,13998,14000,14045,14050,14059,14062,14065,14112,14114,14119,14122,14216,14220,14273,14276,14332,14335,14339,14342,14356,14360,14426,14430,14455,14458,14462,14540,14544,14547,14550,14570,14573,14626,14630,14633,14636,14649,14651,14740,14747,14750,14761,14763,14766,14786,14790,14793,14802,14805,14844,14848,14850,14859,14868,14870,14908,14912,14959,14963,14984,14988,14991,15103,15108,15206,15228,15230,15234,15241,15245,15251,15255,15258,15262,15265,15272,15280,15282,15308,15311],[11,13156,13152],{"id":13157},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[15,13159,13160,13161,13163],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[1854,13162,7268],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[15,13165,13166,13167,965,13169,498],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[373,13168,7292],{"href":7291},[373,13170,13172],{"href":13171},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[43,13174,46],{"id":45},[48,13176,13178],{"className":50,"code":13177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[19,13179,13180,13188,13206,13220,13233,13237,13241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13181,13182,13184,13186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13183,11008],{"class":285},[57,13185,289],{"class":76},[57,13187,9635],{"class":67},[57,13189,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13191,9640],{"class":938},[57,13193,5798],{"class":942},[57,13195,939],{"class":938},[57,13197,972],{"class":67},[57,13199,1449],{"class":938},[57,13201,11025],{"class":942},[57,13203,939],{"class":938},[57,13205,9656],{"class":67},[57,13207,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,13209,9640],{"class":938},[57,13211,7436],{"class":942},[57,13213,939],{"class":938},[57,13215,972],{"class":67},[57,13217,5921],{"class":80},[57,13219,9656],{"class":67},[57,13221,13222,13224,13227,13229,13231],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,13223,9640],{"class":938},[57,13225,13226],{"class":942},"is_active",[57,13228,939],{"class":938},[57,13230,972],{"class":67},[57,13232,4550],{"class":1965},[57,13234,13235],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,13236,7446],{"class":67},[57,13238,13239],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,13240,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,13242,13243,13245,13247,13249],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,13244,64],{"class":63},[57,13246,68],{"class":67},[57,13248,11772],{"class":238},[57,13250,242],{"class":67},[15,13252,13253],{},[1854,13254,131],{},[48,13256,13258],{"className":50,"code":13257,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[19,13259,13260],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13261,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13263,7415],{"class":67},[57,13265,1395],{"class":938},[57,13267,5798],{"class":942},[57,13269,1395],{"class":938},[57,13271,972],{"class":67},[57,13273,1390],{"class":938},[57,13275,11025],{"class":942},[57,13277,1395],{"class":938},[57,13279,1081],{"class":67},[57,13281,1390],{"class":938},[57,13283,7436],{"class":942},[57,13285,1395],{"class":938},[57,13287,972],{"class":67},[57,13289,5921],{"class":80},[57,13291,1081],{"class":67},[57,13293,1390],{"class":938},[57,13295,13226],{"class":942},[57,13297,1395],{"class":938},[57,13299,972],{"class":67},[57,13301,2031],{"class":1965},[57,13303,7446],{"class":67},[15,13305,13306],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[43,13308,13310],{"id":13309},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[27,13312,13313,13316,13319,13322],{},[30,13314,13315],{},"What a dictionary is",[30,13317,13318],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[30,13320,13321],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[30,13323,13324],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[43,13326,13315],{"id":13327},"what-a-dictionary-is",[15,13329,7265,13330,498],{},[1854,13331,7268],{},[27,13333,13334,13340],{},[30,13335,13336,13337,13339],{},"A ",[1854,13338,12988],{}," is the label",[30,13341,13336,13342,13344],{},[1854,13343,552],{}," is the data connected to that label",[15,13346,13347],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[48,13349,13351],{"className":50,"code":13350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[19,13352,13353,13361,13377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13354,13355,13357,13359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13356,11008],{"class":285},[57,13358,289],{"class":76},[57,13360,9635],{"class":67},[57,13362,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13373,13375],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13364,9640],{"class":938},[57,13366,5798],{"class":942},[57,13368,939],{"class":938},[57,13370,972],{"class":67},[57,13372,1449],{"class":938},[57,13374,11025],{"class":942},[57,13376,1455],{"class":938},[57,13378,13379],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,13380,7446],{"class":67},[27,13382,13383,13389],{},[30,13384,13385,13388],{},[19,13386,13387],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[30,13390,13391,13394],{},[19,13392,13393],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[15,13396,13397],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[27,13399,13400,13402,13404,13407],{},[30,13401,5798],{},[30,13403,7436],{},[30,13405,13406],{},"email",[30,13408,13409],{},"country",[43,13411,13413],{"id":13412},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[15,13415,13416],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[15,13418,154,13419,13421,13422,498],{},[19,13420,1904],{}," and write each item as ",[19,13423,13424],{},"key: value",[48,13426,13428],{"className":50,"code":13427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[19,13429,13430,13438,13456,13470,13487,13491,13495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13431,13432,13434,13436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13433,11008],{"class":285},[57,13435,289],{"class":76},[57,13437,9635],{"class":67},[57,13439,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13441,9640],{"class":938},[57,13443,5798],{"class":942},[57,13445,939],{"class":938},[57,13447,972],{"class":67},[57,13449,1449],{"class":938},[57,13451,11025],{"class":942},[57,13453,939],{"class":938},[57,13455,9656],{"class":67},[57,13457,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,13459,9640],{"class":938},[57,13461,7436],{"class":942},[57,13463,939],{"class":938},[57,13465,972],{"class":67},[57,13467,5921],{"class":80},[57,13469,9656],{"class":67},[57,13471,13472,13474,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,13473,9640],{"class":938},[57,13475,13476],{"class":942},"course",[57,13478,939],{"class":938},[57,13480,972],{"class":67},[57,13482,1449],{"class":938},[57,13484,5426],{"class":942},[57,13486,1455],{"class":938},[57,13488,13489],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,13490,7446],{"class":67},[57,13492,13493],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,13494,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,13496,13497,13499,13501,13503],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,13498,64],{"class":63},[57,13500,68],{"class":67},[57,13502,11772],{"class":238},[57,13504,242],{"class":67},[15,13506,13507],{},[1854,13508,131],{},[48,13510,13512],{"className":50,"code":13511,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[19,13513,13514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13515,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13517,7415],{"class":67},[57,13519,1395],{"class":938},[57,13521,5798],{"class":942},[57,13523,1395],{"class":938},[57,13525,972],{"class":67},[57,13527,1390],{"class":938},[57,13529,11025],{"class":942},[57,13531,1395],{"class":938},[57,13533,1081],{"class":67},[57,13535,1390],{"class":938},[57,13537,7436],{"class":942},[57,13539,1395],{"class":938},[57,13541,972],{"class":67},[57,13543,5921],{"class":80},[57,13545,1081],{"class":67},[57,13547,1390],{"class":938},[57,13549,13476],{"class":942},[57,13551,1395],{"class":938},[57,13553,972],{"class":67},[57,13555,1390],{"class":938},[57,13557,5426],{"class":942},[57,13559,1395],{"class":938},[57,13561,7446],{"class":67},[616,13563,13565],{"id":13564},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[27,13567,13568,13573,13578,13581],{},[30,13569,154,13570,13572],{},[19,13571,1904],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[30,13574,13575,13576],{},"Write each item as ",[19,13577,13424],{},[30,13579,13580],{},"Separate items with commas",[30,13582,13583],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[15,13585,275],{},[48,13587,13589],{"className":50,"code":13588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[19,13590,13591,13600,13620,13636,13649,13653,13657],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13592,13593,13596,13598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13594,13595],{"class":285},"book ",[57,13597,289],{"class":76},[57,13599,9635],{"class":67},[57,13601,13602,13604,13607,13609,13611,13613,13616,13618],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13603,9640],{"class":938},[57,13605,13606],{"class":942},"title",[57,13608,939],{"class":938},[57,13610,972],{"class":67},[57,13612,1449],{"class":938},[57,13614,13615],{"class":942},"Python Basics",[57,13617,939],{"class":938},[57,13619,9656],{"class":67},[57,13621,13622,13624,13627,13629,13631,13634],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,13623,9640],{"class":938},[57,13625,13626],{"class":942},"pages",[57,13628,939],{"class":938},[57,13630,972],{"class":67},[57,13632,13633],{"class":80}," 150",[57,13635,9656],{"class":67},[57,13637,13638,13640,13643,13645,13647],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,13639,9640],{"class":938},[57,13641,13642],{"class":942},"available",[57,13644,939],{"class":938},[57,13646,972],{"class":67},[57,13648,4550],{"class":1965},[57,13650,13651],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,13652,7446],{"class":67},[57,13654,13655],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,13656,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,13658,13659,13661,13663,13666],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,13660,64],{"class":63},[57,13662,68],{"class":67},[57,13664,13665],{"class":238},"book",[57,13667,242],{"class":67},[15,13669,13670],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[43,13672,7540],{"id":7539},[15,13674,13675],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[15,13677,13678],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[48,13680,13682],{"className":50,"code":13681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[19,13683,13684,13692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13685,13686,13688,13690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13687,7302],{"class":285},[57,13689,289],{"class":76},[57,13691,7976],{"class":67},[57,13693,13694,13696,13698,13700],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13695,64],{"class":63},[57,13697,68],{"class":67},[57,13699,7341],{"class":238},[57,13701,242],{"class":67},[48,13703,13704],{"className":50,"code":7543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,13705,13706,13716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13707,13708,13710,13712,13714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13709,7302],{"class":285},[57,13711,289],{"class":76},[57,13713,7307],{"class":990},[57,13715,6778],{"class":67},[57,13717,13718,13720,13722,13724],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13719,64],{"class":63},[57,13721,68],{"class":67},[57,13723,7341],{"class":238},[57,13725,242],{"class":67},[15,13727,13728],{},[1854,13729,131],{},[48,13731,13732],{"className":50,"code":7572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,13733,13734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13735,13736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13737,7572],{"class":67},[15,13739,13740],{},"Both are correct.",[616,13742,13744],{"id":13743},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[15,13746,13747,13749,13750,13753],{},[19,13748,1904],{}," creates an empty ",[1854,13751,13752],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[15,13755,13756,13757,498],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[19,13758,1909],{},[48,13760,13762],{"className":50,"code":13761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[19,13763,13764,13772,13784,13788,13802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13765,13766,13768,13770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13767,9867],{"class":285},[57,13769,289],{"class":76},[57,13771,7976],{"class":67},[57,13773,13774,13777,13779,13782],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13775,13776],{"class":285},"my_set ",[57,13778,289],{"class":76},[57,13780,13781],{"class":990}," set",[57,13783,6778],{"class":67},[57,13785,13786],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,13787,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,13789,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,13791,64],{"class":63},[57,13793,68],{"class":67},[57,13795,1315],{"class":990},[57,13797,68],{"class":67},[57,13799,9591],{"class":238},[57,13801,84],{"class":67},[57,13803,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13815],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,13805,64],{"class":63},[57,13807,68],{"class":67},[57,13809,1315],{"class":990},[57,13811,68],{"class":67},[57,13813,13814],{"class":238},"my_set",[57,13816,84],{"class":67},[15,13818,13819],{},[1854,13820,131],{},[48,13822,13824],{"className":50,"code":13823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[19,13825,13826,13840],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13827,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13829,1384],{"class":76},[57,13831,1387],{"class":125},[57,13833,1390],{"class":938},[57,13835,6957],{"class":942},[57,13837,1395],{"class":938},[57,13839,1398],{"class":76},[57,13841,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13843,1384],{"class":76},[57,13845,1387],{"class":125},[57,13847,1390],{"class":938},[57,13849,4413],{"class":942},[57,13851,1395],{"class":938},[57,13853,1398],{"class":76},[43,13855,13857,13858],{"id":13856},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[19,13859,7256],{},[15,13861,13862,13863,13865],{},"You can also use ",[19,13864,7256],{}," to create a dictionary.",[15,13867,13868],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[48,13870,13872],{"className":50,"code":13871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[19,13873,13874,13914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13875,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13903,13905,13908,13910,13912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13877,11008],{"class":285},[57,13879,289],{"class":76},[57,13881,7307],{"class":990},[57,13883,68],{"class":67},[57,13885,5798],{"class":7312},[57,13887,289],{"class":76},[57,13889,939],{"class":938},[57,13891,11025],{"class":942},[57,13893,939],{"class":938},[57,13895,1081],{"class":67},[57,13897,7325],{"class":7312},[57,13899,289],{"class":76},[57,13901,13902],{"class":80},"20",[57,13904,1081],{"class":67},[57,13906,13907],{"class":7312}," active",[57,13909,289],{"class":76},[57,13911,1709],{"class":1965},[57,13913,242],{"class":67},[57,13915,13916,13918,13920,13922],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,13917,64],{"class":63},[57,13919,68],{"class":67},[57,13921,11772],{"class":238},[57,13923,242],{"class":67},[15,13925,13926],{},[1854,13927,131],{},[48,13929,13931],{"className":50,"code":13930,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[19,13932,13933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13934,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13970,13972,13974,13976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13936,7415],{"class":67},[57,13938,1395],{"class":938},[57,13940,5798],{"class":942},[57,13942,1395],{"class":938},[57,13944,972],{"class":67},[57,13946,1390],{"class":938},[57,13948,11025],{"class":942},[57,13950,1395],{"class":938},[57,13952,1081],{"class":67},[57,13954,1390],{"class":938},[57,13956,7436],{"class":942},[57,13958,1395],{"class":938},[57,13960,972],{"class":67},[57,13962,5921],{"class":80},[57,13964,1081],{"class":67},[57,13966,1390],{"class":938},[57,13968,13969],{"class":942},"active",[57,13971,1395],{"class":938},[57,13973,972],{"class":67},[57,13975,2031],{"class":1965},[57,13977,7446],{"class":67},[15,13979,13980],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[616,13982,13984,13985],{"id":13983},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[19,13986,7256],{},[15,13988,13989],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[27,13991,13992,13995],{},[30,13993,13994],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[30,13996,13997],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[15,13999,4816],{},[48,14001,14003],{"className":50,"code":14002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[19,14004,14005,14035],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14006,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14008,9630],{"class":285},[57,14010,289],{"class":76},[57,14012,7307],{"class":990},[57,14014,68],{"class":67},[57,14016,5798],{"class":7312},[57,14018,289],{"class":76},[57,14020,939],{"class":938},[57,14022,5807],{"class":942},[57,14024,939],{"class":938},[57,14026,1081],{"class":67},[57,14028,7325],{"class":7312},[57,14030,289],{"class":76},[57,14032,7330],{"class":80},[57,14034,242],{"class":67},[57,14036,14037,14039,14041,14043],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14038,64],{"class":63},[57,14040,68],{"class":67},[57,14042,9724],{"class":238},[57,14044,242],{"class":67},[15,14046,2747,14047,14049],{},[1854,14048,2750],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[48,14051,14053],{"className":50,"code":14052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[19,14054,14055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14056,14057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14058,14052],{"class":1772},[15,14060,14061],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[15,14063,14064],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[48,14066,14068],{"className":50,"code":14067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[19,14069,14070,14078,14094,14098,14102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14071,14072,14074,14076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14073,9630],{"class":285},[57,14075,289],{"class":76},[57,14077,9635],{"class":67},[57,14079,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14081,9640],{"class":938},[57,14083,8634],{"class":942},[57,14085,939],{"class":938},[57,14087,972],{"class":67},[57,14089,1449],{"class":938},[57,14091,5807],{"class":942},[57,14093,1455],{"class":938},[57,14095,14096],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,14097,7446],{"class":67},[57,14099,14100],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,14101,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,14103,14104,14106,14108,14110],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,14105,64],{"class":63},[57,14107,68],{"class":67},[57,14109,9724],{"class":238},[57,14111,242],{"class":67},[43,14113,7582],{"id":7581},[15,14115,14116,14118],{},[19,14117,7256],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[15,14120,14121],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[48,14123,14125],{"className":50,"code":14124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[19,14126,14127,14184,14188,14202,14206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14128,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14180,14182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14130,7352],{"class":285},[57,14132,289],{"class":76},[57,14134,7357],{"class":67},[57,14136,939],{"class":938},[57,14138,5798],{"class":942},[57,14140,939],{"class":938},[57,14142,1081],{"class":67},[57,14144,1449],{"class":938},[57,14146,11025],{"class":942},[57,14148,939],{"class":938},[57,14150,7370],{"class":67},[57,14152,7373],{"class":67},[57,14154,939],{"class":938},[57,14156,7436],{"class":942},[57,14158,939],{"class":938},[57,14160,1081],{"class":67},[57,14162,5921],{"class":80},[57,14164,7370],{"class":67},[57,14166,7373],{"class":67},[57,14168,939],{"class":938},[57,14170,8547],{"class":942},[57,14172,939],{"class":938},[57,14174,1081],{"class":67},[57,14176,1449],{"class":938},[57,14178,14179],{"class":942},"Lima",[57,14181,939],{"class":938},[57,14183,7386],{"class":67},[57,14185,14186],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14187,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,14189,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,14191,11008],{"class":285},[57,14193,289],{"class":76},[57,14195,7307],{"class":990},[57,14197,68],{"class":67},[57,14199,7399],{"class":238},[57,14201,242],{"class":67},[57,14203,14204],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,14205,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,14207,14208,14210,14212,14214],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,14209,64],{"class":63},[57,14211,68],{"class":67},[57,14213,11772],{"class":238},[57,14215,242],{"class":67},[15,14217,14218],{},[1854,14219,131],{},[48,14221,14223],{"className":50,"code":14222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[19,14224,14225],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14226,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14228,7415],{"class":67},[57,14230,1395],{"class":938},[57,14232,5798],{"class":942},[57,14234,1395],{"class":938},[57,14236,972],{"class":67},[57,14238,1390],{"class":938},[57,14240,11025],{"class":942},[57,14242,1395],{"class":938},[57,14244,1081],{"class":67},[57,14246,1390],{"class":938},[57,14248,7436],{"class":942},[57,14250,1395],{"class":938},[57,14252,972],{"class":67},[57,14254,5921],{"class":80},[57,14256,1081],{"class":67},[57,14258,1390],{"class":938},[57,14260,8547],{"class":942},[57,14262,1395],{"class":938},[57,14264,972],{"class":67},[57,14266,1390],{"class":938},[57,14268,14179],{"class":942},[57,14270,1395],{"class":938},[57,14272,7446],{"class":67},[15,14274,14275],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[48,14277,14279],{"className":50,"code":14278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[19,14280,14281,14322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14282,14283,14285,14287,14289,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14284,11008],{"class":285},[57,14286,289],{"class":76},[57,14288,7307],{"class":990},[57,14290,14291],{"class":67},"(((",[57,14293,939],{"class":938},[57,14295,5798],{"class":942},[57,14297,939],{"class":938},[57,14299,1081],{"class":67},[57,14301,1449],{"class":938},[57,14303,11025],{"class":942},[57,14305,939],{"class":938},[57,14307,7370],{"class":67},[57,14309,7373],{"class":67},[57,14311,939],{"class":938},[57,14313,7436],{"class":942},[57,14315,939],{"class":938},[57,14317,1081],{"class":67},[57,14319,5921],{"class":80},[57,14321,1001],{"class":67},[57,14323,14324,14326,14328,14330],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14325,64],{"class":63},[57,14327,68],{"class":67},[57,14329,11772],{"class":238},[57,14331,242],{"class":67},[15,14333,14334],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[43,14336,14338],{"id":14337},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[15,14340,14341],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[27,14343,14344,14347,14350,14353],{},[30,14345,14346],{},"Keys must be unique",[30,14348,14349],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[30,14351,14352],{},"Values can repeat",[30,14354,14355],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[616,14357,14359],{"id":14358},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[48,14361,14363],{"className":50,"code":14362,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[19,14364,14365,14373,14391,14408,14412,14416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14366,14367,14369,14371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14368,7302],{"class":285},[57,14370,289],{"class":76},[57,14372,9635],{"class":67},[57,14374,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14376,9640],{"class":938},[57,14378,5798],{"class":942},[57,14380,939],{"class":938},[57,14382,972],{"class":67},[57,14384,1449],{"class":938},[57,14386,11025],{"class":942},[57,14388,939],{"class":938},[57,14390,9656],{"class":67},[57,14392,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14406],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,14394,9640],{"class":938},[57,14396,5798],{"class":942},[57,14398,939],{"class":938},[57,14400,972],{"class":67},[57,14402,1449],{"class":938},[57,14404,14405],{"class":942},"Maria",[57,14407,1455],{"class":938},[57,14409,14410],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,14411,7446],{"class":67},[57,14413,14414],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,14415,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,14417,14418,14420,14422,14424],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,14419,64],{"class":63},[57,14421,68],{"class":67},[57,14423,7341],{"class":238},[57,14425,242],{"class":67},[15,14427,14428],{},[1854,14429,131],{},[48,14431,14433],{"className":50,"code":14432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[19,14434,14435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14436,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14438,7415],{"class":67},[57,14440,1395],{"class":938},[57,14442,5798],{"class":942},[57,14444,1395],{"class":938},[57,14446,972],{"class":67},[57,14448,1390],{"class":938},[57,14450,14405],{"class":942},[57,14452,1395],{"class":938},[57,14454,7446],{"class":67},[15,14456,14457],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[616,14459,14461],{"id":14460},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[48,14463,14465],{"className":50,"code":14464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[19,14466,14467,14475,14491,14507,14521,14525,14529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14468,14469,14471,14473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14470,3185],{"class":285},[57,14472,289],{"class":76},[57,14474,9635],{"class":67},[57,14476,14477,14480,14482,14484,14487,14489],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14478,14479],{"class":80},"    1",[57,14481,972],{"class":67},[57,14483,1449],{"class":938},[57,14485,14486],{"class":942},"low",[57,14488,939],{"class":938},[57,14490,9656],{"class":67},[57,14492,14493,14496,14498,14500,14503,14505],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,14494,14495],{"class":80},"    2",[57,14497,972],{"class":67},[57,14499,1449],{"class":938},[57,14501,14502],{"class":942},"medium",[57,14504,939],{"class":938},[57,14506,9656],{"class":67},[57,14508,14509,14512,14514,14516,14519],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,14510,14511],{"class":80},"    3",[57,14513,972],{"class":67},[57,14515,1449],{"class":938},[57,14517,14518],{"class":942},"high",[57,14520,1455],{"class":938},[57,14522,14523],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,14524,7446],{"class":67},[57,14526,14527],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,14528,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,14530,14531,14533,14535,14538],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,14532,64],{"class":63},[57,14534,68],{"class":67},[57,14536,14537],{"class":238},"scores",[57,14539,242],{"class":67},[616,14541,14543],{"id":14542},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[15,14545,14546],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[15,14548,14549],{},"This will cause an error:",[48,14551,14553],{"className":50,"code":14552,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[19,14554,14555,14560,14565],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14556,14557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14558,14559],{"class":1772},"# bad = {\n",[57,14561,14562],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14563,14564],{"class":1772},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[57,14566,14567],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,14568,14569],{"class":1772},"# }\n",[15,14571,14572],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[48,14574,14576],{"className":50,"code":14575,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[19,14577,14578,14587,14607,14611,14615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14579,14580,14583,14585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14581,14582],{"class":285},"good ",[57,14584,289],{"class":76},[57,14586,9635],{"class":67},[57,14588,14589,14592,14594,14596,14598,14601,14603,14605],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14590,14591],{"class":67},"    (",[57,14593,1078],{"class":80},[57,14595,1081],{"class":67},[57,14597,1084],{"class":80},[57,14599,14600],{"class":67},"):",[57,14602,1449],{"class":938},[57,14604,1756],{"class":942},[57,14606,1455],{"class":938},[57,14608,14609],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,14610,7446],{"class":67},[57,14612,14613],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,14614,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,14616,14617,14619,14621,14624],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,14618,64],{"class":63},[57,14620,68],{"class":67},[57,14622,14623],{"class":238},"good",[57,14625,242],{"class":67},[43,14627,14629],{"id":14628},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[15,14631,14632],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[15,14634,14635],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[27,14637,14638,14641,14643,14646],{},[30,14639,14640],{},"user data",[30,14642,12031],{},[30,14644,14645],{},"counters",[30,14647,14648],{},"lookups",[15,14650,275],{},[48,14652,14654],{"className":50,"code":14653,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[19,14655,14656,14664,14683,14702,14714,14718,14722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14657,14658,14660,14662],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14659,9630],{"class":285},[57,14661,289],{"class":76},[57,14663,9635],{"class":67},[57,14665,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14679,14681],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14667,9640],{"class":938},[57,14669,6117],{"class":942},[57,14671,939],{"class":938},[57,14673,972],{"class":67},[57,14675,1449],{"class":938},[57,14677,14678],{"class":942},"ana123",[57,14680,939],{"class":938},[57,14682,9656],{"class":67},[57,14684,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14698,14700],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,14686,9640],{"class":938},[57,14688,13406],{"class":942},[57,14690,939],{"class":938},[57,14692,972],{"class":67},[57,14694,1449],{"class":938},[57,14696,14697],{"class":942},"ana@example.com",[57,14699,939],{"class":938},[57,14701,9656],{"class":67},[57,14703,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,14705,9640],{"class":938},[57,14707,10658],{"class":942},[57,14709,939],{"class":938},[57,14711,972],{"class":67},[57,14713,4550],{"class":1965},[57,14715,14716],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,14717,7446],{"class":67},[57,14719,14720],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,14721,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,14723,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,14725,64],{"class":63},[57,14727,68],{"class":67},[57,14729,9724],{"class":238},[57,14731,2015],{"class":67},[57,14733,939],{"class":938},[57,14735,13406],{"class":942},[57,14737,939],{"class":938},[57,14739,2003],{"class":67},[15,14741,14742,14743,498],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[373,14744,14746],{"href":14745},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[15,14748,14749],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[27,14751,14752,14755,14758],{},[30,14753,14754],{},"labels are not needed",[30,14756,14757],{},"you mostly care about position",[30,14759,14760],{},"order matters more than named fields",[43,14762,913],{"id":912},[15,14764,14765],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[27,14767,14768,14771,14774,14777,14780],{},[30,14769,14770],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[30,14772,14773],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[30,14775,14776],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[30,14778,14779],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[30,14781,14782,14783,14785],{},"Mixing up ",[19,14784,1904],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[616,14787,14789],{"id":14788},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[15,14791,14792],{},"Wrong:",[48,14794,14796],{"className":50,"code":14795,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[19,14797,14798],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14799,14800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14801,14795],{"class":1772},[15,14803,14804],{},"Correct:",[48,14806,14808],{"className":50,"code":14807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[19,14809,14810,14834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14811,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14813,11008],{"class":285},[57,14815,289],{"class":76},[57,14817,8629],{"class":67},[57,14819,939],{"class":938},[57,14821,5798],{"class":942},[57,14823,939],{"class":938},[57,14825,972],{"class":67},[57,14827,1449],{"class":938},[57,14829,11025],{"class":942},[57,14831,939],{"class":938},[57,14833,7446],{"class":67},[57,14835,14836,14838,14840,14842],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14837,64],{"class":63},[57,14839,68],{"class":67},[57,14841,11772],{"class":238},[57,14843,242],{"class":67},[616,14845,14847],{"id":14846},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[15,14849,14792],{},[48,14851,14853],{"className":50,"code":14852,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[19,14854,14855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14856,14857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14858,14852],{"class":1772},[15,14860,14861,14862,14864,14865,14867],{},"This only works if ",[19,14863,5798],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[19,14866,13387],{},", use quotes.",[15,14869,14804],{},[48,14871,14872],{"className":50,"code":14807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,14873,14874,14898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14875,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14877,11008],{"class":285},[57,14879,289],{"class":76},[57,14881,8629],{"class":67},[57,14883,939],{"class":938},[57,14885,5798],{"class":942},[57,14887,939],{"class":938},[57,14889,972],{"class":67},[57,14891,1449],{"class":938},[57,14893,11025],{"class":942},[57,14895,939],{"class":938},[57,14897,7446],{"class":67},[57,14899,14900,14902,14904,14906],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14901,64],{"class":63},[57,14903,68],{"class":67},[57,14905,11772],{"class":238},[57,14907,242],{"class":67},[616,14909,14911],{"id":14910},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[48,14913,14915],{"className":50,"code":14914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[19,14916,14917,14949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14918,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14920,7302],{"class":285},[57,14922,289],{"class":76},[57,14924,8629],{"class":67},[57,14926,939],{"class":938},[57,14928,7436],{"class":942},[57,14930,939],{"class":938},[57,14932,972],{"class":67},[57,14934,5921],{"class":80},[57,14936,1081],{"class":67},[57,14938,1449],{"class":938},[57,14940,7436],{"class":942},[57,14942,939],{"class":938},[57,14944,972],{"class":67},[57,14946,5926],{"class":80},[57,14948,7446],{"class":67},[57,14950,14951,14953,14955,14957],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,14952,64],{"class":63},[57,14954,68],{"class":67},[57,14956,7341],{"class":238},[57,14958,242],{"class":67},[15,14960,14961],{},[1854,14962,131],{},[48,14964,14966],{"className":50,"code":14965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'age': 30}\n",[19,14967,14968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14969,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14971,7415],{"class":67},[57,14973,1395],{"class":938},[57,14975,7436],{"class":942},[57,14977,1395],{"class":938},[57,14979,972],{"class":67},[57,14981,5926],{"class":80},[57,14983,7446],{"class":67},[43,14985,14987],{"id":14986},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[15,14989,14990],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[48,14992,14994],{"className":50,"code":14993,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[19,14995,14996,15032,15036,15046,15060,15075,15089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14997,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14999,9867],{"class":285},[57,15001,289],{"class":76},[57,15003,8629],{"class":67},[57,15005,939],{"class":938},[57,15007,5798],{"class":942},[57,15009,939],{"class":938},[57,15011,972],{"class":67},[57,15013,1449],{"class":938},[57,15015,11025],{"class":942},[57,15017,939],{"class":938},[57,15019,1081],{"class":67},[57,15021,1449],{"class":938},[57,15023,7436],{"class":942},[57,15025,939],{"class":938},[57,15027,972],{"class":67},[57,15029,5921],{"class":80},[57,15031,7446],{"class":67},[57,15033,15034],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,15035,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,15037,15038,15040,15042,15044],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,15039,64],{"class":63},[57,15041,68],{"class":67},[57,15043,9591],{"class":238},[57,15045,242],{"class":67},[57,15047,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,15049,64],{"class":63},[57,15051,68],{"class":67},[57,15053,1315],{"class":990},[57,15055,68],{"class":67},[57,15057,9591],{"class":238},[57,15059,84],{"class":67},[57,15061,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15073],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,15063,64],{"class":63},[57,15065,68],{"class":67},[57,15067,9591],{"class":238},[57,15069,498],{"class":67},[57,15071,15072],{"class":238},"keys",[57,15074,5323],{"class":67},[57,15076,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,15078,64],{"class":63},[57,15080,68],{"class":67},[57,15082,9591],{"class":238},[57,15084,498],{"class":67},[57,15086,3482],{"class":238},[57,15088,5323],{"class":67},[57,15090,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,15092,64],{"class":63},[57,15094,68],{"class":67},[57,15096,9302],{"class":63},[57,15098,68],{"class":67},[57,15100,9591],{"class":238},[57,15102,84],{"class":67},[15,15104,15105],{},[1854,15106,15107],{},"Example output:",[48,15109,15111],{"className":50,"code":15110,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[19,15112,15113,15145,15159,15182,15201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15114,15115,15117,15119,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15116,7415],{"class":67},[57,15118,1395],{"class":938},[57,15120,5798],{"class":942},[57,15122,1395],{"class":938},[57,15124,972],{"class":67},[57,15126,1390],{"class":938},[57,15128,11025],{"class":942},[57,15130,1395],{"class":938},[57,15132,1081],{"class":67},[57,15134,1390],{"class":938},[57,15136,7436],{"class":942},[57,15138,1395],{"class":938},[57,15140,972],{"class":67},[57,15142,5921],{"class":80},[57,15144,7446],{"class":67},[57,15146,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,15148,1384],{"class":76},[57,15150,1387],{"class":125},[57,15152,1390],{"class":938},[57,15154,6957],{"class":942},[57,15156,1395],{"class":938},[57,15158,1398],{"class":76},[57,15160,15161,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,15162,15163],{"class":238},"dict_keys",[57,15165,1075],{"class":67},[57,15167,1395],{"class":938},[57,15169,5798],{"class":942},[57,15171,1395],{"class":938},[57,15173,1081],{"class":67},[57,15175,1390],{"class":938},[57,15177,7436],{"class":942},[57,15179,1395],{"class":938},[57,15181,2003],{"class":67},[57,15183,15184,15187,15189,15191,15193,15195,15197,15199],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,15185,15186],{"class":238},"dict_values",[57,15188,1075],{"class":67},[57,15190,1395],{"class":938},[57,15192,11025],{"class":942},[57,15194,1395],{"class":938},[57,15196,1081],{"class":67},[57,15198,5921],{"class":80},[57,15200,2003],{"class":67},[57,15202,15203],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,15204,15205],{"class":80},"2\n",[15,15207,15208,15209,256,15215,15221,15222,498],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[373,15210,8876,15212],{"href":15211},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[19,15213,15214],{},"keys()",[373,15216,8876,15218],{"href":15217},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[19,15219,15220],{},"values()",", and ",[373,15223,8876,15225],{"href":15224},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[19,15226,15227],{},"items()",[43,15229,1554],{"id":1553},[616,15231,15233],{"id":15232},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[15,15235,154,15236,965,15238,15240],{},[19,15237,1904],{},[19,15239,7256],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[616,15242,15244],{"id":15243},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[15,15246,15247,15248,498],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[19,15249,15250],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[616,15252,15254],{"id":15253},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[15,15256,15257],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[616,15259,15261],{"id":15260},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[15,15263,15264],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[616,15266,3302,15268,2511,15270,572],{"id":15267},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[19,15269,1904],{},[19,15271,7256],{},[15,15273,15274,15276,15277,15279],{},[19,15275,1904],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[19,15278,7256],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[43,15281,1602],{"id":1601},[27,15283,15284,15288,15294,15298,15304],{},[30,15285,15286],{},[373,15287,7292],{"href":7291},[30,15289,15290],{},[373,15291,8876,15292,8880],{"href":8875},[19,15293,8879],{},[30,15295,15296],{},[373,15297,9392],{"href":8870},[30,15299,15300],{},[373,15301,15303],{"href":15302},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,15305,15306],{},[373,15307,9403],{"href":9214},[15,15309,15310],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1634,15312,15313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":15315},[15316,15317,15318,15319,15322,15325,15330,15331,15336,15337,15342,15343,15351],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":13309,"depth":87,"text":13310},{"id":13327,"depth":87,"text":13315},{"id":13412,"depth":87,"text":13413,"children":15320},[15321],{"id":13564,"depth":103,"text":13565},{"id":7539,"depth":87,"text":7540,"children":15323},[15324],{"id":13743,"depth":103,"text":13744},{"id":13856,"depth":87,"text":15326,"children":15327},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[15328],{"id":13983,"depth":103,"text":15329},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":7581,"depth":87,"text":7582},{"id":14337,"depth":87,"text":14338,"children":15332},[15333,15334,15335],{"id":14358,"depth":103,"text":14359},{"id":14460,"depth":103,"text":14461},{"id":14542,"depth":103,"text":14543},{"id":14628,"depth":87,"text":14629},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":15338},[15339,15340,15341],{"id":14788,"depth":103,"text":14789},{"id":14846,"depth":103,"text":14847},{"id":14910,"depth":103,"text":14911},{"id":14986,"depth":87,"text":14987},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":15344},[15345,15346,15347,15348,15349],{"id":15232,"depth":103,"text":15233},{"id":15243,"depth":103,"text":15244},{"id":15253,"depth":103,"text":15254},{"id":15260,"depth":103,"text":15261},{"id":15267,"depth":103,"text":15350},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":13152,"description":15352},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":15358,"title":15359,"body":15360,"description":17811,"extension":1666,"meta":17812,"navigation":317,"path":17813,"seo":17814,"stem":17815,"__hash__":17816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":8,"value":15361,"toc":17767},[15362,15368,15374,15377,15380,15382,15464,15470,15475,15479,15497,15509,15514,15518,15541,15545,15557,15565,15569,15575,15577,15580,15655,15657,15702,15704,15721,15726,15732,15737,15811,15813,15858,15861,15872,15874,15993,15995,16048,16055,16059,16062,16079,16085,16089,16187,16189,16241,16248,16252,16258,16261,16264,16291,16296,16300,16303,16407,16409,16454,16457,16460,16465,16470,16481,16483,16544,16604,16610,16618,16624,16629,16634,16694,16698,16765,16768,16772,16843,16846,16859,16866,16868,16872,16876,16947,16949,16986,16989,16992,17055,17062,17065,17107,17117,17120,17189,17195,17200,17284,17286,17335,17342,17348,17393,17395,17428,17433,17437,17443,17482,17526,17594,17637,17639,17645,17648,17652,17657,17661,17664,17668,17670,17731,17733,17759,17764],[11,15363,9459,15365,9463],{"id":15364},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[19,15366,15367],{},"fromkeys()",[15,15369,15370,15373],{},[19,15371,15372],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[15,15375,15376],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[15,15378,15379],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[43,15381,46],{"id":45},[48,15383,15385],{"className":50,"code":15384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[19,15386,15387,15420,15448,15459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15388,15389,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15390,15391],{"class":285},"keys ",[57,15393,289],{"class":76},[57,15395,1729],{"class":67},[57,15397,939],{"class":938},[57,15399,5798],{"class":942},[57,15401,939],{"class":938},[57,15403,1081],{"class":67},[57,15405,1449],{"class":938},[57,15407,7436],{"class":942},[57,15409,939],{"class":938},[57,15411,1081],{"class":67},[57,15413,1449],{"class":938},[57,15415,8547],{"class":942},[57,15417,939],{"class":938},[57,15419,1742],{"class":67},[57,15421,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15433,15435,15437,15439,15441,15444,15446],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,15423,11350],{"class":285},[57,15425,289],{"class":76},[57,15427,7307],{"class":990},[57,15429,498],{"class":67},[57,15431,15432],{"class":238},"fromkeys",[57,15434,68],{"class":67},[57,15436,15072],{"class":238},[57,15438,1081],{"class":67},[57,15440,1449],{"class":938},[57,15442,15443],{"class":942},"unknown",[57,15445,939],{"class":938},[57,15447,242],{"class":67},[57,15449,15450,15452,15454,15457],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,15451,64],{"class":63},[57,15453,68],{"class":67},[57,15455,15456],{"class":238},"person",[57,15458,242],{"class":67},[57,15460,15461],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,15462,15463],{"class":1772},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,15465,154,15466,15469],{},[19,15467,15468],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[43,15471,1787,15473,1790],{"id":15472},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[19,15474,15372],{},[15,15476,15477,972],{},[19,15478,15372],{},[27,15480,15481,15484,15487,15490],{},[30,15482,15483],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[30,15485,15486],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[30,15488,15489],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[30,15491,15492,15493,15496],{},"Is called as ",[19,15494,15495],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[15,15498,15499,15500,15502,15503,15505,15506,498],{},"This is a class method on ",[19,15501,6957],{},", so you write ",[19,15504,15495],{}," instead of something like ",[19,15507,15508],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[15,15510,15511,15512,498],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[373,15513,7292],{"href":11168},[43,15515,15517],{"id":15516},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[48,15519,15521],{"className":50,"code":15520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[19,15522,15523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15524,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15526,6957],{"class":990},[57,15528,498],{"class":67},[57,15530,15432],{"class":238},[57,15532,68],{"class":67},[57,15534,1831],{"class":238},[57,15536,1081],{"class":67},[57,15538,6567],{"class":238},[57,15540,242],{"class":67},[616,15542,15544],{"id":15543},"parameters","Parameters",[27,15546,15547,15552],{},[30,15548,15549,15551],{},[19,15550,1831],{},": the keys to use",[30,15553,15554,15556],{},[19,15555,552],{},": optional starting value for every key",[15,15558,15559,15560,15562,15563,498],{},"If you leave out ",[19,15561,552],{},", each key gets ",[19,15564,1890],{},[616,15566,15568],{"id":15567},"return-value","Return value",[15,15570,15571,15572,498],{},"It returns a ",[1854,15573,15574],{},"new dictionary",[43,15576,3912],{"id":3911},[15,15578,15579],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[48,15581,15583],{"className":50,"code":15582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[19,15584,15585,15618,15640,15644],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15586,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15588,15391],{"class":285},[57,15590,289],{"class":76},[57,15592,1729],{"class":67},[57,15594,939],{"class":938},[57,15596,11238],{"class":942},[57,15598,939],{"class":938},[57,15600,1081],{"class":67},[57,15602,1449],{"class":938},[57,15604,15605],{"class":942},"green",[57,15607,939],{"class":938},[57,15609,1081],{"class":67},[57,15611,1449],{"class":938},[57,15613,11255],{"class":942},[57,15615,939],{"class":938},[57,15617,1742],{"class":67},[57,15619,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,15621,11221],{"class":285},[57,15623,289],{"class":76},[57,15625,7307],{"class":990},[57,15627,498],{"class":67},[57,15629,15432],{"class":238},[57,15631,68],{"class":67},[57,15633,15072],{"class":238},[57,15635,1081],{"class":67},[57,15637,1946],{"class":80},[57,15639,242],{"class":67},[57,15641,15642],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,15643,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,15645,15646,15648,15650,15653],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,15647,64],{"class":63},[57,15649,68],{"class":67},[57,15651,15652],{"class":238},"colors",[57,15654,242],{"class":67},[15,15656,131],{},[48,15658,15660],{"className":50,"code":15659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[19,15661,15662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15663,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15665,7415],{"class":67},[57,15667,1395],{"class":938},[57,15669,11238],{"class":942},[57,15671,1395],{"class":938},[57,15673,972],{"class":67},[57,15675,1946],{"class":80},[57,15677,1081],{"class":67},[57,15679,1390],{"class":938},[57,15681,15605],{"class":942},[57,15683,1395],{"class":938},[57,15685,972],{"class":67},[57,15687,1946],{"class":80},[57,15689,1081],{"class":67},[57,15691,1390],{"class":938},[57,15693,11255],{"class":942},[57,15695,1395],{"class":938},[57,15697,972],{"class":67},[57,15699,1946],{"class":80},[57,15701,7446],{"class":67},[15,15703,9826],{},[27,15705,15706,15711,15716],{},[30,15707,15708,15710],{},[19,15709,15072],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[30,15712,15713,15715],{},[19,15714,182],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[30,15717,15718,15720],{},[19,15719,15372],{}," returns the new dictionary",[15,15722,15723,15724,498],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[373,15725,7529],{"href":11171},[43,15727,6551,15729,15731],{"id":15728},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[19,15730,15367],{}," without a value",[15,15733,15734,15735,498],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[19,15736,1890],{},[48,15738,15740],{"className":50,"code":15739,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[19,15741,15742,15776,15796,15800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15743,15744,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15772,15774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15745,15746],{"class":285},"fields ",[57,15748,289],{"class":76},[57,15750,1729],{"class":67},[57,15752,939],{"class":938},[57,15754,6117],{"class":942},[57,15756,939],{"class":938},[57,15758,1081],{"class":67},[57,15760,1449],{"class":938},[57,15762,13406],{"class":942},[57,15764,939],{"class":938},[57,15766,1081],{"class":67},[57,15768,1449],{"class":938},[57,15770,15771],{"class":942},"password",[57,15773,939],{"class":938},[57,15775,1742],{"class":67},[57,15777,15778,15781,15783,15785,15787,15789,15791,15794],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,15779,15780],{"class":285},"user_data ",[57,15782,289],{"class":76},[57,15784,7307],{"class":990},[57,15786,498],{"class":67},[57,15788,15432],{"class":238},[57,15790,68],{"class":67},[57,15792,15793],{"class":238},"fields",[57,15795,242],{"class":67},[57,15797,15798],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,15799,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,15801,15802,15804,15806,15809],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,15803,64],{"class":63},[57,15805,68],{"class":67},[57,15807,15808],{"class":238},"user_data",[57,15810,242],{"class":67},[15,15812,131],{},[48,15814,15816],{"className":50,"code":15815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[19,15817,15818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840,15842,15844,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15821,7415],{"class":67},[57,15823,1395],{"class":938},[57,15825,6117],{"class":942},[57,15827,1395],{"class":938},[57,15829,972],{"class":67},[57,15831,1966],{"class":1965},[57,15833,1081],{"class":67},[57,15835,1390],{"class":938},[57,15837,13406],{"class":942},[57,15839,1395],{"class":938},[57,15841,972],{"class":67},[57,15843,1966],{"class":1965},[57,15845,1081],{"class":67},[57,15847,1390],{"class":938},[57,15849,15771],{"class":942},[57,15851,1395],{"class":938},[57,15853,972],{"class":67},[57,15855,1966],{"class":1965},[57,15857,7446],{"class":67},[15,15859,15860],{},"This is useful when:",[27,15862,15863,15866,15869],{},[30,15864,15865],{},"You want to create the keys first",[30,15867,15868],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[30,15870,15871],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[15,15873,275],{},[48,15875,15877],{"className":50,"code":15876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[19,15878,15879,15911,15929,15933,15956,15979,15983],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15880,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15882,15746],{"class":285},[57,15884,289],{"class":76},[57,15886,1729],{"class":67},[57,15888,939],{"class":938},[57,15890,6117],{"class":942},[57,15892,939],{"class":938},[57,15894,1081],{"class":67},[57,15896,1449],{"class":938},[57,15898,13406],{"class":942},[57,15900,939],{"class":938},[57,15902,1081],{"class":67},[57,15904,1449],{"class":938},[57,15906,15771],{"class":942},[57,15908,939],{"class":938},[57,15910,1742],{"class":67},[57,15912,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,15914,15780],{"class":285},[57,15916,289],{"class":76},[57,15918,7307],{"class":990},[57,15920,498],{"class":67},[57,15922,15432],{"class":238},[57,15924,68],{"class":67},[57,15926,15793],{"class":238},[57,15928,242],{"class":67},[57,15930,15931],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,15932,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,15934,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15954],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,15936,15808],{"class":285},[57,15938,2015],{"class":67},[57,15940,939],{"class":938},[57,15942,6117],{"class":942},[57,15944,939],{"class":938},[57,15946,11419],{"class":67},[57,15948,11422],{"class":76},[57,15950,1449],{"class":938},[57,15952,15953],{"class":942},"alice",[57,15955,1455],{"class":938},[57,15957,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15977],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,15959,15808],{"class":285},[57,15961,2015],{"class":67},[57,15963,939],{"class":938},[57,15965,13406],{"class":942},[57,15967,939],{"class":938},[57,15969,11419],{"class":67},[57,15971,11422],{"class":76},[57,15973,1449],{"class":938},[57,15975,15976],{"class":942},"alice@example.com",[57,15978,1455],{"class":938},[57,15980,15981],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,15982,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,15984,15985,15987,15989,15991],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,15986,64],{"class":63},[57,15988,68],{"class":67},[57,15990,15808],{"class":238},[57,15992,242],{"class":67},[15,15994,131],{},[48,15996,15998],{"className":50,"code":15997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[19,15999,16000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16001,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16003,7415],{"class":67},[57,16005,1395],{"class":938},[57,16007,6117],{"class":942},[57,16009,1395],{"class":938},[57,16011,972],{"class":67},[57,16013,1390],{"class":938},[57,16015,15953],{"class":942},[57,16017,1395],{"class":938},[57,16019,1081],{"class":67},[57,16021,1390],{"class":938},[57,16023,13406],{"class":942},[57,16025,1395],{"class":938},[57,16027,972],{"class":67},[57,16029,1390],{"class":938},[57,16031,15976],{"class":942},[57,16033,1395],{"class":938},[57,16035,1081],{"class":67},[57,16037,1390],{"class":938},[57,16039,15771],{"class":942},[57,16041,1395],{"class":938},[57,16043,972],{"class":67},[57,16045,1966],{"class":1965},[57,16047,7446],{"class":67},[15,16049,16050,16051,498],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[373,16052,16054],{"href":16053},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[43,16056,16058],{"id":16057},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[15,16060,16061],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[27,16063,16064,16069,16074],{},[30,16065,16066,16068],{},[19,16067,1899],{}," (list)",[30,16070,16071,16073],{},[19,16072,1904],{}," (dictionary)",[30,16075,16076,16078],{},[19,16077,1909],{}," (set)",[15,16080,16081,16082,498],{},"All keys will point to the ",[1854,16083,16084],{},"same object",[616,16086,16088],{"id":16087},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[48,16090,16092],{"className":50,"code":16091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[19,16093,16094,16126,16147,16151,16173,16177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16095,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16097,15391],{"class":285},[57,16099,289],{"class":76},[57,16101,1729],{"class":67},[57,16103,939],{"class":938},[57,16105,373],{"class":942},[57,16107,939],{"class":938},[57,16109,1081],{"class":67},[57,16111,1449],{"class":938},[57,16113,2881],{"class":942},[57,16115,939],{"class":938},[57,16117,1081],{"class":67},[57,16119,1449],{"class":938},[57,16121,7877],{"class":942},[57,16123,939],{"class":938},[57,16125,1742],{"class":67},[57,16127,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16129,7302],{"class":285},[57,16131,289],{"class":76},[57,16133,7307],{"class":990},[57,16135,498],{"class":67},[57,16137,15432],{"class":238},[57,16139,68],{"class":67},[57,16141,15072],{"class":238},[57,16143,1081],{"class":67},[57,16145,16146],{"class":67}," [])\n",[57,16148,16149],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,16150,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,16152,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,16154,7341],{"class":285},[57,16156,2015],{"class":67},[57,16158,939],{"class":938},[57,16160,373],{"class":942},[57,16162,939],{"class":938},[57,16164,11696],{"class":67},[57,16166,11699],{"class":238},[57,16168,68],{"class":67},[57,16170,1078],{"class":80},[57,16172,242],{"class":67},[57,16174,16175],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,16176,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,16178,16179,16181,16183,16185],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,16180,64],{"class":63},[57,16182,68],{"class":67},[57,16184,7341],{"class":238},[57,16186,242],{"class":67},[15,16188,131],{},[48,16190,16192],{"className":50,"code":16191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[19,16193,16194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16195,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16197,7415],{"class":67},[57,16199,1395],{"class":938},[57,16201,373],{"class":942},[57,16203,1395],{"class":938},[57,16205,972],{"class":67},[57,16207,1729],{"class":67},[57,16209,1078],{"class":80},[57,16211,16212],{"class":67},"],",[57,16214,1390],{"class":938},[57,16216,2881],{"class":942},[57,16218,1395],{"class":938},[57,16220,972],{"class":67},[57,16222,1729],{"class":67},[57,16224,1078],{"class":80},[57,16226,16212],{"class":67},[57,16228,1390],{"class":938},[57,16230,7877],{"class":942},[57,16232,1395],{"class":938},[57,16234,972],{"class":67},[57,16236,1729],{"class":67},[57,16238,1078],{"class":80},[57,16240,11852],{"class":67},[15,16242,16243,16244,16247],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[19,16245,16246],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[616,16249,16251],{"id":16250},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[15,16253,16254,16257],{},[19,16255,16256],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[15,16259,16260],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[15,16262,16263],{},"So this:",[48,16265,16267],{"className":50,"code":16266,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[19,16268,16269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16270,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16272,7341],{"class":285},[57,16274,2015],{"class":67},[57,16276,939],{"class":938},[57,16278,373],{"class":942},[57,16280,939],{"class":938},[57,16282,11696],{"class":67},[57,16284,11699],{"class":238},[57,16286,68],{"class":67},[57,16288,1078],{"class":80},[57,16290,242],{"class":67},[15,16292,16293,16294,498],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[19,16295,16246],{},[616,16297,16299],{"id":16298},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[15,16301,16302],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[48,16304,16306],{"className":50,"code":16305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[19,16307,16308,16340,16367,16371,16393,16397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16309,16310,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16311,15391],{"class":285},[57,16313,289],{"class":76},[57,16315,1729],{"class":67},[57,16317,939],{"class":938},[57,16319,373],{"class":942},[57,16321,939],{"class":938},[57,16323,1081],{"class":67},[57,16325,1449],{"class":938},[57,16327,2881],{"class":942},[57,16329,939],{"class":938},[57,16331,1081],{"class":67},[57,16333,1449],{"class":938},[57,16335,7877],{"class":942},[57,16337,939],{"class":938},[57,16339,1742],{"class":67},[57,16341,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16355,16357,16360,16362,16365],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16343,7302],{"class":285},[57,16345,289],{"class":76},[57,16347,8629],{"class":67},[57,16349,12988],{"class":285},[57,16351,972],{"class":67},[57,16353,16354],{"class":67}," []",[57,16356,1991],{"class":1990},[57,16358,16359],{"class":285}," key ",[57,16361,1997],{"class":1990},[57,16363,16364],{"class":285}," keys",[57,16366,7446],{"class":67},[57,16368,16369],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,16370,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,16372,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,16374,7341],{"class":285},[57,16376,2015],{"class":67},[57,16378,939],{"class":938},[57,16380,373],{"class":942},[57,16382,939],{"class":938},[57,16384,11696],{"class":67},[57,16386,11699],{"class":238},[57,16388,68],{"class":67},[57,16390,1078],{"class":80},[57,16392,242],{"class":67},[57,16394,16395],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,16396,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,16398,16399,16401,16403,16405],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,16400,64],{"class":63},[57,16402,68],{"class":67},[57,16404,7341],{"class":238},[57,16406,242],{"class":67},[15,16408,131],{},[48,16410,16412],{"className":50,"code":16411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[19,16413,16414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16415,16416,16418,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16417,7415],{"class":67},[57,16419,1395],{"class":938},[57,16421,373],{"class":942},[57,16423,1395],{"class":938},[57,16425,972],{"class":67},[57,16427,1729],{"class":67},[57,16429,1078],{"class":80},[57,16431,16212],{"class":67},[57,16433,1390],{"class":938},[57,16435,2881],{"class":942},[57,16437,1395],{"class":938},[57,16439,972],{"class":67},[57,16441,16442],{"class":67}," [],",[57,16444,1390],{"class":938},[57,16446,7877],{"class":942},[57,16448,1395],{"class":938},[57,16450,972],{"class":67},[57,16452,16453],{"class":67}," []}\n",[15,16455,16456],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[15,16458,16459],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[43,16461,3082,16463],{"id":16462},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[19,16464,15367],{},[15,16466,16467,16469],{},[19,16468,15372],{}," is a good choice when:",[27,16471,16472,16475,16478],{},[30,16473,16474],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[30,16476,16477],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[30,16479,16480],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[15,16482,188],{},[48,16484,16486],{"className":50,"code":16485,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[19,16487,16488,16533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16489,16490,16493,16495,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16508,16510,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16522,16525,16527,16529,16531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16491,16492],{"class":285},"flags ",[57,16494,289],{"class":76},[57,16496,7307],{"class":990},[57,16498,498],{"class":67},[57,16500,15432],{"class":238},[57,16502,1075],{"class":67},[57,16504,939],{"class":938},[57,16506,16507],{"class":942},"is_admin",[57,16509,939],{"class":938},[57,16511,1081],{"class":67},[57,16513,1449],{"class":938},[57,16515,13226],{"class":942},[57,16517,939],{"class":938},[57,16519,1081],{"class":67},[57,16521,1449],{"class":938},[57,16523,16524],{"class":942},"is_verified",[57,16526,939],{"class":938},[57,16528,16212],{"class":67},[57,16530,2022],{"class":1965},[57,16532,242],{"class":67},[57,16534,16535,16537,16539,16542],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16536,64],{"class":63},[57,16538,68],{"class":67},[57,16540,16541],{"class":238},"flags",[57,16543,242],{"class":67},[48,16545,16547],{"className":50,"code":16546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[19,16548,16549,16594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16550,16551,16553,16555,16557,16559,16561,16563,16565,16568,16570,16572,16574,16577,16579,16581,16583,16586,16588,16590,16592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16552,3185],{"class":285},[57,16554,289],{"class":76},[57,16556,7307],{"class":990},[57,16558,498],{"class":67},[57,16560,15432],{"class":238},[57,16562,1075],{"class":67},[57,16564,939],{"class":938},[57,16566,16567],{"class":942},"math",[57,16569,939],{"class":938},[57,16571,1081],{"class":67},[57,16573,1449],{"class":938},[57,16575,16576],{"class":942},"science",[57,16578,939],{"class":938},[57,16580,1081],{"class":67},[57,16582,1449],{"class":938},[57,16584,16585],{"class":942},"history",[57,16587,939],{"class":938},[57,16589,16212],{"class":67},[57,16591,1946],{"class":80},[57,16593,242],{"class":67},[57,16595,16596,16598,16600,16602],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16597,64],{"class":63},[57,16599,68],{"class":67},[57,16601,14537],{"class":238},[57,16603,242],{"class":67},[15,16605,16606,16607,16609],{},"It is ",[1854,16608,2750],{}," the best choice when:",[27,16611,16612,16615],{},[30,16613,16614],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[30,16616,16617],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[43,16619,16621,16623],{"id":16620},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[19,16622,15367],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[15,16625,16626,16628],{},[19,16627,15367],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[616,16630,6551,16632],{"id":16631},"using-fromkeys",[19,16633,15367],{},[48,16635,16637],{"className":50,"code":16636,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[19,16638,16639,16684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16640,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16658,16660,16662,16664,16667,16669,16671,16673,16676,16678,16680,16682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16642,11972],{"class":285},[57,16644,289],{"class":76},[57,16646,7307],{"class":990},[57,16648,498],{"class":67},[57,16650,15432],{"class":238},[57,16652,1075],{"class":67},[57,16654,939],{"class":938},[57,16656,16657],{"class":942},"sound",[57,16659,939],{"class":938},[57,16661,1081],{"class":67},[57,16663,1449],{"class":938},[57,16665,16666],{"class":942},"music",[57,16668,939],{"class":938},[57,16670,1081],{"class":67},[57,16672,1449],{"class":938},[57,16674,16675],{"class":942},"notifications",[57,16677,939],{"class":938},[57,16679,16212],{"class":67},[57,16681,2031],{"class":1965},[57,16683,242],{"class":67},[57,16685,16686,16688,16690,16692],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16687,64],{"class":63},[57,16689,68],{"class":67},[57,16691,12031],{"class":238},[57,16693,242],{"class":67},[616,16695,16697],{"id":16696},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[48,16699,16701],{"className":50,"code":16700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[19,16702,16703,16711,16725,16739,16751,16755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16704,16705,16707,16709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16706,11972],{"class":285},[57,16708,289],{"class":76},[57,16710,9635],{"class":67},[57,16712,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16714,9640],{"class":938},[57,16716,16657],{"class":942},[57,16718,939],{"class":938},[57,16720,972],{"class":67},[57,16722,2031],{"class":1965},[57,16724,9656],{"class":67},[57,16726,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,16728,9640],{"class":938},[57,16730,16666],{"class":942},[57,16732,939],{"class":938},[57,16734,972],{"class":67},[57,16736,2022],{"class":1965},[57,16738,9656],{"class":67},[57,16740,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,16742,9640],{"class":938},[57,16744,16675],{"class":942},[57,16746,939],{"class":938},[57,16748,972],{"class":67},[57,16750,4550],{"class":1965},[57,16752,16753],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,16754,7446],{"class":67},[57,16756,16757,16759,16761,16763],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,16758,64],{"class":63},[57,16760,68],{"class":67},[57,16762,12031],{"class":238},[57,16764,242],{"class":67},[15,16766,16767],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[616,16769,16771],{"id":16770},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[48,16773,16775],{"className":50,"code":16774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[19,16776,16777,16809,16833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16778,16779,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16780,15391],{"class":285},[57,16782,289],{"class":76},[57,16784,1729],{"class":67},[57,16786,939],{"class":938},[57,16788,373],{"class":942},[57,16790,939],{"class":938},[57,16792,1081],{"class":67},[57,16794,1449],{"class":938},[57,16796,2881],{"class":942},[57,16798,939],{"class":938},[57,16800,1081],{"class":67},[57,16802,1449],{"class":938},[57,16804,7877],{"class":942},[57,16806,939],{"class":938},[57,16808,1742],{"class":67},[57,16810,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16812,7302],{"class":285},[57,16814,289],{"class":76},[57,16816,8629],{"class":67},[57,16818,12988],{"class":285},[57,16820,972],{"class":67},[57,16822,16354],{"class":67},[57,16824,1991],{"class":1990},[57,16826,16359],{"class":285},[57,16828,1997],{"class":1990},[57,16830,16364],{"class":285},[57,16832,7446],{"class":67},[57,16834,16835,16837,16839,16841],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,16836,64],{"class":63},[57,16838,68],{"class":67},[57,16840,7341],{"class":238},[57,16842,242],{"class":67},[15,16844,16845],{},"Use:",[27,16847,16848,16853,16856],{},[30,16849,16850,16852],{},[19,16851,15367],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[30,16854,16855],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[30,16857,16858],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[15,16860,16861,16862,498],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[373,16863,8876,16864,8880],{"href":12179},[19,16865,13101],{},[43,16867,913],{"id":912},[15,16869,12880,16870,498],{},[19,16871,15372],{},[616,16873,16875],{"id":16874},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[48,16877,16879],{"className":50,"code":16878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[19,16880,16881,16914,16937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16882,16883,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16884,16885],{"class":285},"d ",[57,16887,289],{"class":76},[57,16889,7307],{"class":990},[57,16891,498],{"class":67},[57,16893,15432],{"class":238},[57,16895,1075],{"class":67},[57,16897,939],{"class":938},[57,16899,373],{"class":942},[57,16901,939],{"class":938},[57,16903,1081],{"class":67},[57,16905,1449],{"class":938},[57,16907,2881],{"class":942},[57,16909,939],{"class":938},[57,16911,16212],{"class":67},[57,16913,16146],{"class":67},[57,16915,16916,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,16917,16918],{"class":285},"d",[57,16920,2015],{"class":67},[57,16922,939],{"class":938},[57,16924,373],{"class":942},[57,16926,939],{"class":938},[57,16928,11696],{"class":67},[57,16930,11699],{"class":238},[57,16932,68],{"class":67},[57,16934,1078],{"class":80},[57,16936,242],{"class":67},[57,16938,16939,16941,16943,16945],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,16940,64],{"class":63},[57,16942,68],{"class":67},[57,16944,16918],{"class":238},[57,16946,242],{"class":67},[15,16948,131],{},[48,16950,16952],{"className":50,"code":16951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[19,16953,16954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16955,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16957,7415],{"class":67},[57,16959,1395],{"class":938},[57,16961,373],{"class":942},[57,16963,1395],{"class":938},[57,16965,972],{"class":67},[57,16967,1729],{"class":67},[57,16969,1078],{"class":80},[57,16971,16212],{"class":67},[57,16973,1390],{"class":938},[57,16975,2881],{"class":942},[57,16977,1395],{"class":938},[57,16979,972],{"class":67},[57,16981,1729],{"class":67},[57,16983,1078],{"class":80},[57,16985,11852],{"class":67},[15,16987,16988],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[15,16990,16991],{},"Use this instead:",[48,16993,16995],{"className":50,"code":16994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[19,16996,16997,17021,17045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16998,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17000,15391],{"class":285},[57,17002,289],{"class":76},[57,17004,1729],{"class":67},[57,17006,939],{"class":938},[57,17008,373],{"class":942},[57,17010,939],{"class":938},[57,17012,1081],{"class":67},[57,17014,1449],{"class":938},[57,17016,2881],{"class":942},[57,17018,939],{"class":938},[57,17020,1742],{"class":67},[57,17022,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17024,16885],{"class":285},[57,17026,289],{"class":76},[57,17028,8629],{"class":67},[57,17030,12988],{"class":285},[57,17032,972],{"class":67},[57,17034,16354],{"class":67},[57,17036,1991],{"class":1990},[57,17038,16359],{"class":285},[57,17040,1997],{"class":1990},[57,17042,16364],{"class":285},[57,17044,7446],{"class":67},[57,17046,17047,17049,17051,17053],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,17048,64],{"class":63},[57,17050,68],{"class":67},[57,17052,16918],{"class":238},[57,17054,242],{"class":67},[616,17056,17058,17059,17061],{"id":17057},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[19,17060,15367],{}," on a list",[15,17063,17064],{},"Wrong idea:",[48,17066,17068],{"className":50,"code":17067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[19,17069,17070,17102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17071,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17073,15391],{"class":285},[57,17075,289],{"class":76},[57,17077,1729],{"class":67},[57,17079,939],{"class":938},[57,17081,373],{"class":942},[57,17083,939],{"class":938},[57,17085,1081],{"class":67},[57,17087,1449],{"class":938},[57,17089,2881],{"class":942},[57,17091,939],{"class":938},[57,17093,1081],{"class":67},[57,17095,1449],{"class":938},[57,17097,7877],{"class":942},[57,17099,939],{"class":938},[57,17101,1742],{"class":67},[57,17103,17104],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17105,17106],{"class":1772},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,17108,17109,17111,17112,17114,17115,498],{},[19,17110,15367],{}," belongs to ",[19,17113,6957],{},", not ",[19,17116,6226],{},[15,17118,17119],{},"Correct usage:",[48,17121,17123],{"className":50,"code":17122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[19,17124,17125,17157,17179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17126,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17128,15391],{"class":285},[57,17130,289],{"class":76},[57,17132,1729],{"class":67},[57,17134,939],{"class":938},[57,17136,373],{"class":942},[57,17138,939],{"class":938},[57,17140,1081],{"class":67},[57,17142,1449],{"class":938},[57,17144,2881],{"class":942},[57,17146,939],{"class":938},[57,17148,1081],{"class":67},[57,17150,1449],{"class":938},[57,17152,7877],{"class":942},[57,17154,939],{"class":938},[57,17156,1742],{"class":67},[57,17158,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17160,16885],{"class":285},[57,17162,289],{"class":76},[57,17164,7307],{"class":990},[57,17166,498],{"class":67},[57,17168,15432],{"class":238},[57,17170,68],{"class":67},[57,17172,15072],{"class":238},[57,17174,1081],{"class":67},[57,17176,1946],{"class":80},[57,17178,242],{"class":67},[57,17180,17181,17183,17185,17187],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,17182,64],{"class":63},[57,17184,68],{"class":67},[57,17186,16918],{"class":238},[57,17188,242],{"class":67},[616,17190,6587,17192,17194],{"id":17191},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[19,17193,15367],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[15,17196,17197,17199],{},[19,17198,15372],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[48,17201,17203],{"className":50,"code":17202,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[19,17204,17205,17225,17259,17263,17273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17206,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17208,10229],{"class":285},[57,17210,289],{"class":76},[57,17212,8629],{"class":67},[57,17214,939],{"class":938},[57,17216,239],{"class":942},[57,17218,939],{"class":938},[57,17220,972],{"class":67},[57,17222,3622],{"class":80},[57,17224,7446],{"class":67},[57,17226,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17228,11183],{"class":285},[57,17230,289],{"class":76},[57,17232,7307],{"class":990},[57,17234,498],{"class":67},[57,17236,15432],{"class":238},[57,17238,1075],{"class":67},[57,17240,939],{"class":938},[57,17242,373],{"class":942},[57,17244,939],{"class":938},[57,17246,1081],{"class":67},[57,17248,1449],{"class":938},[57,17250,2881],{"class":942},[57,17252,939],{"class":938},[57,17254,16212],{"class":67},[57,17256,1946],{"class":80},[57,17258,242],{"class":67},[57,17260,17261],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,17262,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,17264,17265,17267,17269,17271],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,17266,64],{"class":63},[57,17268,68],{"class":67},[57,17270,10276],{"class":238},[57,17272,242],{"class":67},[57,17274,17275,17277,17279,17282],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,17276,64],{"class":63},[57,17278,68],{"class":67},[57,17280,17281],{"class":238},"new_dict",[57,17283,242],{"class":67},[15,17285,131],{},[48,17287,17289],{"className":50,"code":17288,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[19,17290,17291,17307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17292,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17294,7415],{"class":67},[57,17296,1395],{"class":938},[57,17298,239],{"class":942},[57,17300,1395],{"class":938},[57,17302,972],{"class":67},[57,17304,3622],{"class":80},[57,17306,7446],{"class":67},[57,17308,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17310,7415],{"class":67},[57,17312,1395],{"class":938},[57,17314,373],{"class":942},[57,17316,1395],{"class":938},[57,17318,972],{"class":67},[57,17320,1946],{"class":80},[57,17322,1081],{"class":67},[57,17324,1390],{"class":938},[57,17326,2881],{"class":942},[57,17328,1395],{"class":938},[57,17330,972],{"class":67},[57,17332,1946],{"class":80},[57,17334,7446],{"class":67},[15,17336,17337,17338,498],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[373,17339,8876,17340,8880],{"href":12179},[19,17341,13101],{},[616,17343,17345,17346],{"id":17344},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[19,17347,1890],{},[48,17349,17351],{"className":50,"code":17350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[19,17352,17353,17383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17354,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17356,16885],{"class":285},[57,17358,289],{"class":76},[57,17360,7307],{"class":990},[57,17362,498],{"class":67},[57,17364,15432],{"class":238},[57,17366,1075],{"class":67},[57,17368,939],{"class":938},[57,17370,239],{"class":942},[57,17372,939],{"class":938},[57,17374,1081],{"class":67},[57,17376,1449],{"class":938},[57,17378,9888],{"class":942},[57,17380,939],{"class":938},[57,17382,2003],{"class":67},[57,17384,17385,17387,17389,17391],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17386,64],{"class":63},[57,17388,68],{"class":67},[57,17390,16918],{"class":238},[57,17392,242],{"class":67},[15,17394,131],{},[48,17396,17398],{"className":50,"code":17397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[19,17399,17400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17401,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17403,7415],{"class":67},[57,17405,1395],{"class":938},[57,17407,239],{"class":942},[57,17409,1395],{"class":938},[57,17411,972],{"class":67},[57,17413,1966],{"class":1965},[57,17415,1081],{"class":67},[57,17417,1390],{"class":938},[57,17419,9888],{"class":942},[57,17421,1395],{"class":938},[57,17423,972],{"class":67},[57,17425,1966],{"class":1965},[57,17427,7446],{"class":67},[15,17429,17430,17431,498],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[19,17432,1890],{},[43,17434,17436],{"id":17435},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[15,17438,17439,17440,17442],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[19,17441,15367],{}," works.",[48,17444,17446],{"className":50,"code":17445,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[19,17447,17448],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17449,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17451,64],{"class":63},[57,17453,68],{"class":67},[57,17455,6957],{"class":990},[57,17457,498],{"class":67},[57,17459,15432],{"class":238},[57,17461,1075],{"class":67},[57,17463,939],{"class":938},[57,17465,373],{"class":942},[57,17467,939],{"class":938},[57,17469,1081],{"class":67},[57,17471,1449],{"class":938},[57,17473,2881],{"class":942},[57,17475,939],{"class":938},[57,17477,16212],{"class":67},[57,17479,1946],{"class":80},[57,17481,84],{"class":67},[48,17483,17484],{"className":50,"code":17350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,17485,17486,17516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17487,17488,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17489,16885],{"class":285},[57,17491,289],{"class":76},[57,17493,7307],{"class":990},[57,17495,498],{"class":67},[57,17497,15432],{"class":238},[57,17499,1075],{"class":67},[57,17501,939],{"class":938},[57,17503,239],{"class":942},[57,17505,939],{"class":938},[57,17507,1081],{"class":67},[57,17509,1449],{"class":938},[57,17511,9888],{"class":942},[57,17513,939],{"class":938},[57,17515,2003],{"class":67},[57,17517,17518,17520,17522,17524],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17519,64],{"class":63},[57,17521,68],{"class":67},[57,17523,16918],{"class":238},[57,17525,242],{"class":67},[48,17527,17528],{"className":50,"code":16878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,17529,17530,17562,17584],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17531,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17533,16885],{"class":285},[57,17535,289],{"class":76},[57,17537,7307],{"class":990},[57,17539,498],{"class":67},[57,17541,15432],{"class":238},[57,17543,1075],{"class":67},[57,17545,939],{"class":938},[57,17547,373],{"class":942},[57,17549,939],{"class":938},[57,17551,1081],{"class":67},[57,17553,1449],{"class":938},[57,17555,2881],{"class":942},[57,17557,939],{"class":938},[57,17559,16212],{"class":67},[57,17561,16146],{"class":67},[57,17563,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17565,16918],{"class":285},[57,17567,2015],{"class":67},[57,17569,939],{"class":938},[57,17571,373],{"class":942},[57,17573,939],{"class":938},[57,17575,11696],{"class":67},[57,17577,11699],{"class":238},[57,17579,68],{"class":67},[57,17581,1078],{"class":80},[57,17583,242],{"class":67},[57,17585,17586,17588,17590,17592],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,17587,64],{"class":63},[57,17589,68],{"class":67},[57,17591,16918],{"class":238},[57,17593,242],{"class":67},[48,17595,17597],{"className":50,"code":17596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[19,17598,17599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17600,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17602,64],{"class":63},[57,17604,68],{"class":67},[57,17606,1315],{"class":990},[57,17608,68],{"class":67},[57,17610,6957],{"class":990},[57,17612,498],{"class":67},[57,17614,15432],{"class":238},[57,17616,1075],{"class":67},[57,17618,1078],{"class":80},[57,17620,1081],{"class":67},[57,17622,1084],{"class":80},[57,17624,1081],{"class":67},[57,17626,530],{"class":80},[57,17628,16212],{"class":67},[57,17630,1449],{"class":938},[57,17632,552],{"class":942},[57,17634,939],{"class":938},[57,17636,1001],{"class":67},[43,17638,1554],{"id":1553},[616,17640,10848,17642,17644],{"id":17641},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[19,17643,15367],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[15,17646,17647],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[616,17649,17651],{"id":17650},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[15,17653,17654,17655,498],{},"Each key gets ",[19,17656,1890],{},[616,17658,17660],{"id":17659},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[15,17662,17663],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[616,17665,17667],{"id":17666},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[15,17669,16302],{},[48,17671,17673],{"className":50,"code":17672,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[19,17674,17675,17707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17676,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17678,15391],{"class":285},[57,17680,289],{"class":76},[57,17682,1729],{"class":67},[57,17684,939],{"class":938},[57,17686,373],{"class":942},[57,17688,939],{"class":938},[57,17690,1081],{"class":67},[57,17692,1449],{"class":938},[57,17694,2881],{"class":942},[57,17696,939],{"class":938},[57,17698,1081],{"class":67},[57,17700,1449],{"class":938},[57,17702,7877],{"class":942},[57,17704,939],{"class":938},[57,17706,1742],{"class":67},[57,17708,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17710,7302],{"class":285},[57,17712,289],{"class":76},[57,17714,8629],{"class":67},[57,17716,12988],{"class":285},[57,17718,972],{"class":67},[57,17720,16354],{"class":67},[57,17722,1991],{"class":1990},[57,17724,16359],{"class":285},[57,17726,1997],{"class":1990},[57,17728,16364],{"class":285},[57,17730,7446],{"class":67},[43,17732,1602],{"id":1601},[27,17734,17735,17739,17743,17747,17753],{},[30,17736,17737],{},[373,17738,9383],{"href":11171},[30,17740,17741],{},[373,17742,7292],{"href":11168},[30,17744,17745],{},[373,17746,9392],{"href":16053},[30,17748,17749],{},[373,17750,8876,17751,8880],{"href":12179},[19,17752,13101],{},[30,17754,17755],{},[373,17756,8876,17757,8880],{"href":13146},[19,17758,10921],{},[15,17760,154,17761,17763],{},[19,17762,15372],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1634,17765,17766],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":17768},[17769,17770,17772,17776,17777,17779,17784,17786,17793,17802,17803,17810],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":15472,"depth":87,"text":17771},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":15516,"depth":87,"text":15517,"children":17773},[17774,17775],{"id":15543,"depth":103,"text":15544},{"id":15567,"depth":103,"text":15568},{"id":3911,"depth":87,"text":3912},{"id":15728,"depth":87,"text":17778},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":16057,"depth":87,"text":16058,"children":17780},[17781,17782,17783],{"id":16087,"depth":103,"text":16088},{"id":16250,"depth":103,"text":16251},{"id":16298,"depth":103,"text":16299},{"id":16462,"depth":87,"text":17785},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":16620,"depth":87,"text":17787,"children":17788},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[17789,17791,17792],{"id":16631,"depth":103,"text":17790},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":16696,"depth":103,"text":16697},{"id":16770,"depth":103,"text":16771},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":17794},[17795,17796,17798,17800],{"id":16874,"depth":103,"text":16875},{"id":17057,"depth":103,"text":17797},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":17191,"depth":103,"text":17799},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":17344,"depth":103,"text":17801},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":17435,"depth":87,"text":17436},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":17804},[17805,17807,17808,17809],{"id":17641,"depth":103,"text":17806},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":17650,"depth":103,"text":17651},{"id":17659,"depth":103,"text":17660},{"id":17666,"depth":103,"text":17667},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":15359,"description":17811},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":17818,"title":17819,"body":17820,"description":19650,"extension":1666,"meta":19651,"navigation":317,"path":19652,"seo":19653,"stem":19654,"__hash__":19655},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":8,"value":17821,"toc":19617},[17822,17827,17833,17844,17974,17981,17986,17990,18006,18008,18106,18109,18126,18130,18132,18137,18175,18178,18196,18198,18316,18321,18325,18341,18344,18480,18483,18488,18494,18497,18534,18537,18541,18546,18622,18626,18631,18713,18715,18731,18736,18740,18746,18815,18818,18835,18838,18920,18926,18929,18949,18953,18958,18964,18970,19041,19044,19050,19053,19127,19134,19140,19148,19158,19160,19255,19261,19266,19353,19359,19361,19366,19388,19391,19486,19489,19520,19533,19535,19543,19549,19555,19558,19564,19569,19576,19581,19583,19614],[11,17823,9459,17825,9463],{"id":17824},"python-dictionary-get-method",[19,17826,8879],{},[15,17828,17829,17830,17832],{},"The dictionary ",[19,17831,8879],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[15,17834,17835,17836,256,17839,474,17841,17843],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[19,17837,17838],{},"KeyError",[19,17840,8879],{},[19,17842,1890],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[48,17845,17847],{"className":50,"code":17846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[19,17848,17849,17885,17889,17915,17940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17850,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17852,11350],{"class":285},[57,17854,289],{"class":76},[57,17856,8629],{"class":67},[57,17858,939],{"class":938},[57,17860,5798],{"class":942},[57,17862,939],{"class":938},[57,17864,972],{"class":67},[57,17866,1449],{"class":938},[57,17868,11025],{"class":942},[57,17870,939],{"class":938},[57,17872,1081],{"class":67},[57,17874,1449],{"class":938},[57,17876,7436],{"class":942},[57,17878,939],{"class":938},[57,17880,972],{"class":67},[57,17882,7443],{"class":80},[57,17884,7446],{"class":67},[57,17886,17887],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,17888,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,17890,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,17892,64],{"class":63},[57,17894,68],{"class":67},[57,17896,15456],{"class":238},[57,17898,498],{"class":67},[57,17900,17901],{"class":238},"get",[57,17903,68],{"class":67},[57,17905,939],{"class":938},[57,17907,5798],{"class":942},[57,17909,939],{"class":938},[57,17911,3485],{"class":67},[57,17913,17914],{"class":1772},"           # Ana\n",[57,17916,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,17918,64],{"class":63},[57,17920,68],{"class":67},[57,17922,15456],{"class":238},[57,17924,498],{"class":67},[57,17926,17901],{"class":238},[57,17928,68],{"class":67},[57,17930,939],{"class":938},[57,17932,8547],{"class":942},[57,17934,939],{"class":938},[57,17936,3485],{"class":67},[57,17938,17939],{"class":1772},"           # None\n",[57,17941,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17967,17969,17971],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,17943,64],{"class":63},[57,17945,68],{"class":67},[57,17947,15456],{"class":238},[57,17949,498],{"class":67},[57,17951,17901],{"class":238},[57,17953,68],{"class":67},[57,17955,939],{"class":938},[57,17957,8547],{"class":942},[57,17959,939],{"class":938},[57,17961,1081],{"class":67},[57,17963,1449],{"class":938},[57,17965,17966],{"class":942},"N\u002FA",[57,17968,939],{"class":938},[57,17970,3485],{"class":67},[57,17972,17973],{"class":1772},"    # N\u002FA\n",[15,17975,154,17976,17978,17979,498],{},[19,17977,8879],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[19,17980,17838],{},[43,17982,1787,17984,1790],{"id":17983},"what-get-does",[19,17985,8879],{},[15,17987,17,17988,9554],{},[19,17989,8879],{},[27,17991,17992,17995,18000,18003],{},[30,17993,17994],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[30,17996,9565,17997,17999],{},[19,17998,1890],{}," if the key does not exist",[30,18001,18002],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[30,18004,18005],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[15,18007,275],{},[48,18009,18011],{"className":50,"code":18010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[19,18012,18013,18052,18056,18081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18014,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18034,18036,18038,18040,18043,18045,18047,18050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18016,11008],{"class":285},[57,18018,289],{"class":76},[57,18020,8629],{"class":67},[57,18022,939],{"class":938},[57,18024,5798],{"class":942},[57,18026,939],{"class":938},[57,18028,972],{"class":67},[57,18030,1449],{"class":938},[57,18032,18033],{"class":942},"Lina",[57,18035,939],{"class":938},[57,18037,1081],{"class":67},[57,18039,1449],{"class":938},[57,18041,18042],{"class":942},"grade",[57,18044,939],{"class":938},[57,18046,972],{"class":67},[57,18048,18049],{"class":80}," 90",[57,18051,7446],{"class":67},[57,18053,18054],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18055,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,18057,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,18059,64],{"class":63},[57,18061,68],{"class":67},[57,18063,11772],{"class":238},[57,18065,498],{"class":67},[57,18067,17901],{"class":238},[57,18069,68],{"class":67},[57,18071,939],{"class":938},[57,18073,5798],{"class":942},[57,18075,939],{"class":938},[57,18077,3485],{"class":67},[57,18079,18080],{"class":1772},"     # Lina\n",[57,18082,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,18084,64],{"class":63},[57,18086,68],{"class":67},[57,18088,11772],{"class":238},[57,18090,498],{"class":67},[57,18092,17901],{"class":238},[57,18094,68],{"class":67},[57,18096,939],{"class":938},[57,18098,13406],{"class":942},[57,18100,939],{"class":938},[57,18102,3485],{"class":67},[57,18104,18105],{"class":1772},"    # None\n",[15,18107,18108],{},"In this example:",[27,18110,18111,18116],{},[30,18112,18113,18115],{},[19,18114,13387],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[30,18117,18118,18121,18122,474,18124],{},[19,18119,18120],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[19,18123,8879],{},[19,18125,1890],{},[15,18127,11165,18128,498],{},[373,18129,7292],{"href":7291},[43,18131,221],{"id":220},[15,18133,18134,18135,972],{},"There are two common forms of ",[19,18136,8879],{},[48,18138,18140],{"className":50,"code":18139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[19,18141,18142,18156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18143,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18145,13752],{"class":285},[57,18147,498],{"class":67},[57,18149,17901],{"class":238},[57,18151,68],{"class":67},[57,18153,12988],{"class":238},[57,18155,242],{"class":67},[57,18157,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18173],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18159,13752],{"class":285},[57,18161,498],{"class":67},[57,18163,17901],{"class":238},[57,18165,68],{"class":67},[57,18167,12988],{"class":238},[57,18169,1081],{"class":67},[57,18171,18172],{"class":238}," default_value",[57,18174,242],{"class":67},[15,18176,18177],{},"What each part means:",[27,18179,18180,18185,18191],{},[30,18181,18182,18184],{},[19,18183,12988],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[30,18186,18187,18190],{},[19,18188,18189],{},"default_value"," is optional",[30,18192,18193,18194],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[19,18195,1890],{},[15,18197,275],{},[48,18199,18201],{"className":50,"code":18200,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[19,18202,18203,18227,18231,18256,18282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18204,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18206,11972],{"class":285},[57,18208,289],{"class":76},[57,18210,8629],{"class":67},[57,18212,939],{"class":938},[57,18214,10638],{"class":942},[57,18216,939],{"class":938},[57,18218,972],{"class":67},[57,18220,1449],{"class":938},[57,18222,10647],{"class":942},[57,18224,939],{"class":938},[57,18226,7446],{"class":67},[57,18228,18229],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18230,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,18232,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,18234,64],{"class":63},[57,18236,68],{"class":67},[57,18238,12031],{"class":238},[57,18240,498],{"class":67},[57,18242,17901],{"class":238},[57,18244,68],{"class":67},[57,18246,939],{"class":938},[57,18248,10638],{"class":942},[57,18250,939],{"class":938},[57,18252,3485],{"class":67},[57,18254,18255],{"class":1772},"            # dark\n",[57,18257,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18275,18277,18279],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,18259,64],{"class":63},[57,18261,68],{"class":67},[57,18263,12031],{"class":238},[57,18265,498],{"class":67},[57,18267,17901],{"class":238},[57,18269,68],{"class":67},[57,18271,939],{"class":938},[57,18273,18274],{"class":942},"language",[57,18276,939],{"class":938},[57,18278,3485],{"class":67},[57,18280,18281],{"class":1772},"         # None\n",[57,18283,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18309,18311,18313],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,18285,64],{"class":63},[57,18287,68],{"class":67},[57,18289,12031],{"class":238},[57,18291,498],{"class":67},[57,18293,17901],{"class":238},[57,18295,68],{"class":67},[57,18297,939],{"class":938},[57,18299,18274],{"class":942},[57,18301,939],{"class":938},[57,18303,1081],{"class":67},[57,18305,1449],{"class":938},[57,18307,18308],{"class":942},"en",[57,18310,939],{"class":938},[57,18312,3485],{"class":67},[57,18314,18315],{"class":1772},"   # en\n",[43,18317,3082,18319],{"id":18318},"when-to-use-get",[19,18320,8879],{},[15,18322,154,18323,8740],{},[19,18324,8879],{},[27,18326,18327,18330,18335,18338],{},[30,18328,18329],{},"A key might not exist",[30,18331,18332,18333],{},"You want to avoid ",[19,18334,17838],{},[30,18336,18337],{},"You are reading optional data",[30,18339,18340],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[15,18342,18343],{},"Example with optional user data:",[48,18345,18347],{"className":50,"code":18346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[19,18348,18349,18391,18395,18420,18446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18350,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18387,18389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18352,9630],{"class":285},[57,18354,289],{"class":76},[57,18356,8629],{"class":67},[57,18358,939],{"class":938},[57,18360,6117],{"class":942},[57,18362,939],{"class":938},[57,18364,972],{"class":67},[57,18366,1449],{"class":938},[57,18368,18369],{"class":942},"sam",[57,18371,939],{"class":938},[57,18373,1081],{"class":67},[57,18375,1449],{"class":938},[57,18377,13406],{"class":942},[57,18379,939],{"class":938},[57,18381,972],{"class":67},[57,18383,1449],{"class":938},[57,18385,18386],{"class":942},"sam@example.com",[57,18388,939],{"class":938},[57,18390,7446],{"class":67},[57,18392,18393],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18394,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,18396,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,18398,64],{"class":63},[57,18400,68],{"class":67},[57,18402,9724],{"class":238},[57,18404,498],{"class":67},[57,18406,17901],{"class":238},[57,18408,68],{"class":67},[57,18410,939],{"class":938},[57,18412,6117],{"class":942},[57,18414,939],{"class":938},[57,18416,3485],{"class":67},[57,18418,18419],{"class":1772},"              # sam\n",[57,18421,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18439,18441,18443],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,18423,64],{"class":63},[57,18425,68],{"class":67},[57,18427,9724],{"class":238},[57,18429,498],{"class":67},[57,18431,17901],{"class":238},[57,18433,68],{"class":67},[57,18435,939],{"class":938},[57,18437,18438],{"class":942},"phone",[57,18440,939],{"class":938},[57,18442,3485],{"class":67},[57,18444,18445],{"class":1772},"                 # None\n",[57,18447,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18473,18475,18477],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,18449,64],{"class":63},[57,18451,68],{"class":67},[57,18453,9724],{"class":238},[57,18455,498],{"class":67},[57,18457,17901],{"class":238},[57,18459,68],{"class":67},[57,18461,939],{"class":938},[57,18463,18438],{"class":942},[57,18465,939],{"class":938},[57,18467,1081],{"class":67},[57,18469,1449],{"class":938},[57,18471,18472],{"class":942},"Not provided",[57,18474,939],{"class":938},[57,18476,3485],{"class":67},[57,18478,18479],{"class":1772}," # Not provided\n",[15,18481,18482],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[15,18484,18485,18486,498],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[373,18487,14746],{"href":14745},[43,18489,18491,18493],{"id":18490},"get-vs-square-brackets",[19,18492,8879],{}," vs square brackets",[15,18495,18496],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[48,18498,18500],{"className":50,"code":18499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[19,18501,18502,18516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18503,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18505,7341],{"class":285},[57,18507,2015],{"class":67},[57,18509,939],{"class":938},[57,18511,12988],{"class":942},[57,18513,939],{"class":938},[57,18515,1742],{"class":67},[57,18517,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18519,7341],{"class":285},[57,18521,498],{"class":67},[57,18523,17901],{"class":238},[57,18525,68],{"class":67},[57,18527,939],{"class":938},[57,18529,12988],{"class":942},[57,18531,939],{"class":938},[57,18533,242],{"class":67},[15,18535,18536],{},"The difference is important.",[616,18538,18540],{"id":18539},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[15,18542,18543,18544,498],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[19,18545,17838],{},[48,18547,18549],{"className":50,"code":18548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[19,18550,18551,18575,18579,18601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18552,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18554,7302],{"class":285},[57,18556,289],{"class":76},[57,18558,8629],{"class":67},[57,18560,939],{"class":938},[57,18562,5798],{"class":942},[57,18564,939],{"class":938},[57,18566,972],{"class":67},[57,18568,1449],{"class":938},[57,18570,11025],{"class":942},[57,18572,939],{"class":938},[57,18574,7446],{"class":67},[57,18576,18577],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18578,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,18580,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18598],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,18582,64],{"class":63},[57,18584,68],{"class":67},[57,18586,7341],{"class":238},[57,18588,2015],{"class":67},[57,18590,939],{"class":938},[57,18592,5798],{"class":942},[57,18594,939],{"class":938},[57,18596,18597],{"class":67},"])",[57,18599,18600],{"class":1772},"   # Ana\n",[57,18602,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,18604,64],{"class":63},[57,18606,68],{"class":67},[57,18608,7341],{"class":238},[57,18610,2015],{"class":67},[57,18612,939],{"class":938},[57,18614,8547],{"class":942},[57,18616,939],{"class":938},[57,18618,18597],{"class":67},[57,18620,18621],{"class":1772},"   # KeyError\n",[616,18623,18624],{"id":17901},[19,18625,8879],{},[15,18627,18628,18630],{},[19,18629,8879],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[48,18632,18634],{"className":50,"code":18633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[19,18635,18636,18660,18664,18688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18637,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18639,7302],{"class":285},[57,18641,289],{"class":76},[57,18643,8629],{"class":67},[57,18645,939],{"class":938},[57,18647,5798],{"class":942},[57,18649,939],{"class":938},[57,18651,972],{"class":67},[57,18653,1449],{"class":938},[57,18655,11025],{"class":942},[57,18657,939],{"class":938},[57,18659,7446],{"class":67},[57,18661,18662],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18663,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,18665,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,18667,64],{"class":63},[57,18669,68],{"class":67},[57,18671,7341],{"class":238},[57,18673,498],{"class":67},[57,18675,17901],{"class":238},[57,18677,68],{"class":67},[57,18679,939],{"class":938},[57,18681,5798],{"class":942},[57,18683,939],{"class":938},[57,18685,3485],{"class":67},[57,18687,18600],{"class":1772},[57,18689,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,18691,64],{"class":63},[57,18693,68],{"class":67},[57,18695,7341],{"class":238},[57,18697,498],{"class":67},[57,18699,17901],{"class":238},[57,18701,68],{"class":67},[57,18703,939],{"class":938},[57,18705,8547],{"class":942},[57,18707,939],{"class":938},[57,18709,3485],{"class":67},[57,18711,18712],{"class":1772},"   # None\n",[15,18714,16845],{},[27,18716,18717,18723],{},[30,18718,18719,18720],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[1854,18721,18722],{},"must exist",[30,18724,18725,18727,18728],{},[19,18726,8879],{}," when the key is ",[1854,18729,18730],{},"optional",[15,18732,18733,18734,498],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[373,18735,9403],{"href":9214},[43,18737,18739],{"id":18738},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[15,18741,18742,18743,18745],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[19,18744,8879],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[48,18747,18749],{"className":50,"code":18748,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[19,18750,18751,18776,18780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18752,18753,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18754,18755],{"class":285},"profile ",[57,18757,289],{"class":76},[57,18759,8629],{"class":67},[57,18761,939],{"class":938},[57,18763,5798],{"class":942},[57,18765,939],{"class":938},[57,18767,972],{"class":67},[57,18769,1449],{"class":938},[57,18771,6053],{"class":942},[57,18773,939],{"class":938},[57,18775,7446],{"class":67},[57,18777,18778],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18779,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,18781,18782,18784,18786,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18808,18810,18812],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,18783,64],{"class":63},[57,18785,68],{"class":67},[57,18787,18788],{"class":238},"profile",[57,18790,498],{"class":67},[57,18792,17901],{"class":238},[57,18794,68],{"class":67},[57,18796,939],{"class":938},[57,18798,13409],{"class":942},[57,18800,939],{"class":938},[57,18802,1081],{"class":67},[57,18804,1449],{"class":938},[57,18806,18807],{"class":942},"Unknown",[57,18809,939],{"class":938},[57,18811,3485],{"class":67},[57,18813,18814],{"class":1772},"  # Unknown\n",[15,18816,18817],{},"This is useful for display text:",[27,18819,18820,18825,18830],{},[30,18821,18822],{},[19,18823,18824],{},"\"Unknown\"",[30,18826,18827],{},[19,18828,18829],{},"\"Not set\"",[30,18831,18832],{},[19,18833,18834],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[15,18836,18837],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[48,18839,18841],{"className":50,"code":18840,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[19,18842,18843,18875,18879,18906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18844,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18846,3185],{"class":285},[57,18848,289],{"class":76},[57,18850,8629],{"class":67},[57,18852,939],{"class":938},[57,18854,16567],{"class":942},[57,18856,939],{"class":938},[57,18858,972],{"class":67},[57,18860,4130],{"class":80},[57,18862,1081],{"class":67},[57,18864,1449],{"class":938},[57,18866,16576],{"class":942},[57,18868,939],{"class":938},[57,18870,972],{"class":67},[57,18872,4486],{"class":80},[57,18874,7446],{"class":67},[57,18876,18877],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,18878,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,18880,18881,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,18882,18883],{"class":285},"total_history ",[57,18885,289],{"class":76},[57,18887,3232],{"class":285},[57,18889,498],{"class":67},[57,18891,17901],{"class":238},[57,18893,68],{"class":67},[57,18895,939],{"class":938},[57,18897,16585],{"class":942},[57,18899,939],{"class":938},[57,18901,1081],{"class":67},[57,18903,1946],{"class":80},[57,18905,242],{"class":67},[57,18907,18908,18910,18912,18915,18917],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,18909,64],{"class":63},[57,18911,68],{"class":67},[57,18913,18914],{"class":238},"total_history",[57,18916,1769],{"class":67},[57,18918,18919],{"class":1772},"   # 0\n",[15,18921,18922,18923,18925],{},"Here, ",[19,18924,182],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[15,18927,18928],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[27,18930,18931,18934,18939,18944],{},[30,18932,18933],{},"Use a string for text",[30,18935,154,18936,18938],{},[19,18937,182],{}," for numbers",[30,18940,154,18941,18943],{},[19,18942,1899],{}," for lists if needed",[30,18945,154,18946,18948],{},[19,18947,1904],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[43,18950,18952],{"id":18951},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[15,18954,18955,18956,498],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[19,18957,8879],{},[616,18959,18961,18963],{"id":18960},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[19,18962,8879],{}," does not add a missing key",[15,18965,18966,18967,18969],{},"This code does ",[1854,18968,2750],{}," create a new key:",[48,18971,18973],{"className":50,"code":18972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[19,18974,18975,18999,19003,19028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18976,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18978,11350],{"class":285},[57,18980,289],{"class":76},[57,18982,8629],{"class":67},[57,18984,939],{"class":938},[57,18986,5798],{"class":942},[57,18988,939],{"class":938},[57,18990,972],{"class":67},[57,18992,1449],{"class":938},[57,18994,11025],{"class":942},[57,18996,939],{"class":938},[57,18998,7446],{"class":67},[57,19000,19001],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19002,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,19004,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,19006,64],{"class":63},[57,19008,68],{"class":67},[57,19010,15456],{"class":238},[57,19012,498],{"class":67},[57,19014,17901],{"class":238},[57,19016,68],{"class":67},[57,19018,939],{"class":938},[57,19020,8547],{"class":942},[57,19022,939],{"class":938},[57,19024,3485],{"class":67},[57,19026,19027],{"class":1772},"  # None\n",[57,19029,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,19031,64],{"class":63},[57,19033,68],{"class":67},[57,19035,15456],{"class":238},[57,19037,1769],{"class":67},[57,19039,19040],{"class":1772},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,19042,19043],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[616,19045,19047,19049],{"id":19046},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[19,19048,8879],{}," does not change the dictionary",[15,19051,19052],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[48,19054,19056],{"className":50,"code":19055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[19,19057,19058,19084,19088,19114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19059,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19071,19073,19075,19077,19080,19082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19061,11972],{"class":285},[57,19063,289],{"class":76},[57,19065,8629],{"class":67},[57,19067,939],{"class":938},[57,19069,19070],{"class":942},"mode",[57,19072,939],{"class":938},[57,19074,972],{"class":67},[57,19076,1449],{"class":938},[57,19078,19079],{"class":942},"light",[57,19081,939],{"class":938},[57,19083,7446],{"class":67},[57,19085,19086],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19087,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,19089,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,19091,12031],{"class":285},[57,19093,498],{"class":67},[57,19095,17901],{"class":238},[57,19097,68],{"class":67},[57,19099,939],{"class":938},[57,19101,10638],{"class":942},[57,19103,939],{"class":938},[57,19105,1081],{"class":67},[57,19107,1449],{"class":938},[57,19109,10647],{"class":942},[57,19111,939],{"class":938},[57,19113,242],{"class":67},[57,19115,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,19117,64],{"class":63},[57,19119,68],{"class":67},[57,19121,12031],{"class":238},[57,19123,1769],{"class":67},[57,19125,19126],{"class":1772},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,19128,19129,19130,19133],{},"Even though ",[19,19131,19132],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[616,19135,19137,19138],{"id":19136},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[19,19139,1890],{},[15,19141,19142,19143,474,19145,19147],{},"Sometimes ",[19,19144,8879],{},[19,19146,1890],{}," because:",[27,19149,19150,19153],{},[30,19151,19152],{},"The key is missing, or",[30,19154,19155,19156],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[19,19157,1890],{},[15,19159,275],{},[48,19161,19163],{"className":50,"code":19162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[19,19164,19165,19202,19206,19230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19166,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19194,19196,19198,19200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19168,7302],{"class":285},[57,19170,289],{"class":76},[57,19172,8629],{"class":67},[57,19174,939],{"class":938},[57,19176,5798],{"class":942},[57,19178,939],{"class":938},[57,19180,972],{"class":67},[57,19182,1449],{"class":938},[57,19184,11025],{"class":942},[57,19186,939],{"class":938},[57,19188,1081],{"class":67},[57,19190,1449],{"class":938},[57,19192,19193],{"class":942},"nickname",[57,19195,939],{"class":938},[57,19197,972],{"class":67},[57,19199,1966],{"class":1965},[57,19201,7446],{"class":67},[57,19203,19204],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19205,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,19207,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,19209,64],{"class":63},[57,19211,68],{"class":67},[57,19213,7341],{"class":238},[57,19215,498],{"class":67},[57,19217,17901],{"class":238},[57,19219,68],{"class":67},[57,19221,939],{"class":938},[57,19223,19193],{"class":942},[57,19225,939],{"class":938},[57,19227,3485],{"class":67},[57,19229,19027],{"class":1772},[57,19231,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,19233,64],{"class":63},[57,19235,68],{"class":67},[57,19237,7341],{"class":238},[57,19239,498],{"class":67},[57,19241,17901],{"class":238},[57,19243,68],{"class":67},[57,19245,939],{"class":938},[57,19247,8547],{"class":942},[57,19249,939],{"class":938},[57,19251,3485],{"class":67},[57,19253,19254],{"class":1772},"      # None\n",[15,19256,19257,19258,19260],{},"Both lines print ",[19,19259,1890],{},", but they mean different things.",[15,19262,19263,19264,972],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[19,19265,1997],{},[48,19267,19269],{"className":50,"code":19268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[19,19270,19271,19307,19311,19332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19272,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19274,7302],{"class":285},[57,19276,289],{"class":76},[57,19278,8629],{"class":67},[57,19280,939],{"class":938},[57,19282,5798],{"class":942},[57,19284,939],{"class":938},[57,19286,972],{"class":67},[57,19288,1449],{"class":938},[57,19290,11025],{"class":942},[57,19292,939],{"class":938},[57,19294,1081],{"class":67},[57,19296,1449],{"class":938},[57,19298,19193],{"class":942},[57,19300,939],{"class":938},[57,19302,972],{"class":67},[57,19304,1966],{"class":1965},[57,19306,7446],{"class":67},[57,19308,19309],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19310,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,19312,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19326,19328,19330],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,19314,64],{"class":63},[57,19316,68],{"class":67},[57,19318,939],{"class":938},[57,19320,19193],{"class":942},[57,19322,939],{"class":938},[57,19324,19325],{"class":1990}," in",[57,19327,12713],{"class":238},[57,19329,1769],{"class":67},[57,19331,1773],{"class":1772},[57,19333,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,19335,64],{"class":63},[57,19337,68],{"class":67},[57,19339,939],{"class":938},[57,19341,8547],{"class":942},[57,19343,939],{"class":938},[57,19345,19325],{"class":1990},[57,19347,12713],{"class":238},[57,19349,1769],{"class":67},[57,19351,19352],{"class":1772},"      # False\n",[15,19354,19355,19356,498],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[373,19357,19358],{"href":15302},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[43,19360,913],{"id":912},[15,19362,19363,19364,972],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[19,19365,8879],{},[27,19367,19368,19373,19380,19385],{},[30,19369,19370,19371],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[19,19372,17838],{},[30,19374,2824,19375,474,19377,19379],{},[19,19376,8879],{},[19,19378,1890],{}," if no default is provided",[30,19381,2698,19382,19384],{},[19,19383,8879],{}," creates a key automatically",[30,19386,19387],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[15,19389,19390],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[48,19392,19394],{"className":50,"code":19393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[19,19395,19396,19406,19420,19438,19460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19397,19398,19400,19402,19404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19399,64],{"class":63},[57,19401,68],{"class":67},[57,19403,9591],{"class":238},[57,19405,242],{"class":67},[57,19407,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19409,64],{"class":63},[57,19411,68],{"class":67},[57,19413,9591],{"class":238},[57,19415,498],{"class":67},[57,19417,15072],{"class":238},[57,19419,5323],{"class":67},[57,19421,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,19423,64],{"class":63},[57,19425,68],{"class":67},[57,19427,1395],{"class":938},[57,19429,5798],{"class":942},[57,19431,1395],{"class":938},[57,19433,19325],{"class":1990},[57,19435,9909],{"class":238},[57,19437,242],{"class":67},[57,19439,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,19441,64],{"class":63},[57,19443,68],{"class":67},[57,19445,9591],{"class":238},[57,19447,498],{"class":67},[57,19449,17901],{"class":238},[57,19451,68],{"class":67},[57,19453,1395],{"class":938},[57,19455,5798],{"class":942},[57,19457,1395],{"class":938},[57,19459,84],{"class":67},[57,19461,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,19463,64],{"class":63},[57,19465,68],{"class":67},[57,19467,1315],{"class":990},[57,19469,68],{"class":67},[57,19471,9591],{"class":238},[57,19473,498],{"class":67},[57,19475,17901],{"class":238},[57,19477,68],{"class":67},[57,19479,1395],{"class":938},[57,19481,5798],{"class":942},[57,19483,1395],{"class":938},[57,19485,1001],{"class":67},[15,19487,19488],{},"What these checks tell you:",[27,19490,19491,19496,19502,19508,19514],{},[30,19492,19493,19495],{},[19,19494,10823],{}," shows the full dictionary",[30,19497,19498,19501],{},[19,19499,19500],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[30,19503,19504,19507],{},[19,19505,19506],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[30,19509,19510,19513],{},[19,19511,19512],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[30,19515,19516,19519],{},[19,19517,19518],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[15,19521,19522,19523,2511,19528,19532],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[373,19524,19525,19526,8880],{"href":15211},"the dictionary ",[19,19527,15214],{},[373,19529,19525,19530,8880],{"href":15224},[19,19531,15227],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[43,19534,1554],{"id":1553},[616,19536,10848,19538,19540,19541,572],{"id":19537},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[19,19539,8879],{}," raise ",[19,19542,17838],{},[15,19544,19545,19546,19548],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[19,19547,1890],{}," or the default value you provide.",[616,19550,10848,19552,19554],{"id":19551},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[19,19553,8879],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[15,19556,19557],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[616,19559,19561,19562,572],{"id":19560},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[19,19563,8879],{},[15,19565,19566,19568],{},[19,19567,1890],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[616,19570,19572,19573,19575],{"id":19571},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[19,19574,8879],{}," or square brackets?",[15,19577,154,19578,19580],{},[19,19579,8879],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[43,19582,1602],{"id":1601},[27,19584,19585,19589,19595,19601,19605,19610],{},[30,19586,19587],{},[373,19588,7292],{"href":7291},[30,19590,19591],{},[373,19592,8876,19593,8880],{"href":15211},[19,19594,15214],{},[30,19596,19597],{},[373,19598,8876,19599,8880],{"href":15224},[19,19600,15227],{},[30,19602,19603],{},[373,19604,15303],{"href":15302},[30,19606,19607],{},[373,19608,19609],{"href":14745},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[30,19611,19612],{},[373,19613,9403],{"href":9214},[1634,19615,19616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":19618},[19619,19621,19622,19624,19629,19630,19638,19639,19649],{"id":17983,"depth":87,"text":19620},"What get() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":18318,"depth":87,"text":19623},"When to use get()",{"id":18490,"depth":87,"text":19625,"children":19626},"get() vs square brackets",[19627,19628],{"id":18539,"depth":103,"text":18540},{"id":17901,"depth":103,"text":8879},{"id":18738,"depth":87,"text":18739},{"id":18951,"depth":87,"text":18952,"children":19631},[19632,19634,19636],{"id":18960,"depth":103,"text":19633},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":19046,"depth":103,"text":19635},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":19136,"depth":103,"text":19637},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":19640},[19641,19643,19645,19647],{"id":19537,"depth":103,"text":19642},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":19551,"depth":103,"text":19644},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":19560,"depth":103,"text":19646},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":19571,"depth":103,"text":19648},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":17819,"description":19650},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":19657,"title":19658,"body":19659,"description":22216,"extension":1666,"meta":22217,"navigation":317,"path":22218,"seo":22219,"stem":22220,"__hash__":22221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":8,"value":19660,"toc":22182},[19661,19666,19672,19678,19680,19762,19766,19783,19788,19793,19798,19800,19814,19816,19879,19883,19923,19931,19933,19935,19950,19953,19966,19968,20047,20051,20117,20119,20123,20131,20133,20144,20146,20256,20260,20339,20345,20351,20356,20469,20473,20505,20508,20615,20621,20628,20632,20635,20738,20742,20803,20806,20809,20820,20829,20832,20849,20851,20950,20954,21029,21032,21055,21060,21065,21082,21084,21205,21209,21243,21245,21250,21257,21267,21269,21347,21350,21421,21431,21434,21466,21469,21508,21514,21521,21524,21615,21619,21700,21706,21709,21712,21817,21820,21823,21945,21949,21952,22019,22023,22060,22066,22068,22074,22079,22085,22092,22098,22101,22140,22146,22149,22151,22179],[11,19662,9459,19664,9463],{"id":19663},"python-dictionary-items-method",[19,19665,15227],{},[15,19667,17,19668,19671],{},[19,19669,19670],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[15,19673,19674,19675,19677],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[19,19676,15227],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[43,19679,46],{"id":45},[48,19681,19683],{"className":50,"code":19682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[19,19684,19685,19721,19725,19748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19686,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19688,11350],{"class":285},[57,19690,289],{"class":76},[57,19692,8629],{"class":67},[57,19694,939],{"class":938},[57,19696,5798],{"class":942},[57,19698,939],{"class":938},[57,19700,972],{"class":67},[57,19702,1449],{"class":938},[57,19704,11025],{"class":942},[57,19706,939],{"class":938},[57,19708,1081],{"class":67},[57,19710,1449],{"class":938},[57,19712,7436],{"class":942},[57,19714,939],{"class":938},[57,19716,972],{"class":67},[57,19718,7443],{"class":80},[57,19720,7446],{"class":67},[57,19722,19723],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19724,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,19726,19727,19729,19732,19734,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,19728,4083],{"class":1990},[57,19730,19731],{"class":285}," key",[57,19733,1081],{"class":67},[57,19735,19736],{"class":285}," value ",[57,19738,1997],{"class":1990},[57,19740,11393],{"class":285},[57,19742,498],{"class":67},[57,19744,5941],{"class":238},[57,19746,19747],{"class":67},"():\n",[57,19749,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,19751,6201],{"class":63},[57,19753,68],{"class":67},[57,19755,12988],{"class":238},[57,19757,1081],{"class":67},[57,19759,6567],{"class":238},[57,19761,242],{"class":67},[15,19763,19764],{},[1854,19765,131],{},[48,19767,19769],{"className":50,"code":19768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[19,19770,19771,19776],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19772,19773],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19774,19775],{"class":285},"name Ana\n",[57,19777,19778,19781],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19779,19780],{"class":285},"age ",[57,19782,791],{"class":80},[15,19784,154,19785,19787],{},[19,19786,15227],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[43,19789,1787,19791,1790],{"id":19790},"what-items-does",[19,19792,15227],{},[15,19794,19795,19797],{},[19,19796,15227],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[15,19799,9600],{},[27,19801,19802,19808,19811],{},[30,19803,19804,19805],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[19,19806,19807],{},"(key, value)",[30,19809,19810],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[30,19812,19813],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[15,19815,275],{},[48,19817,19819],{"className":50,"code":19818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[19,19820,19821,19857,19861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19822,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19824,11350],{"class":285},[57,19826,289],{"class":76},[57,19828,8629],{"class":67},[57,19830,939],{"class":938},[57,19832,5798],{"class":942},[57,19834,939],{"class":938},[57,19836,972],{"class":67},[57,19838,1449],{"class":938},[57,19840,11025],{"class":942},[57,19842,939],{"class":938},[57,19844,1081],{"class":67},[57,19846,1449],{"class":938},[57,19848,7436],{"class":942},[57,19850,939],{"class":938},[57,19852,972],{"class":67},[57,19854,7443],{"class":80},[57,19856,7446],{"class":67},[57,19858,19859],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,19860,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,19862,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,19864,64],{"class":63},[57,19866,68],{"class":67},[57,19868,6226],{"class":990},[57,19870,68],{"class":67},[57,19872,15456],{"class":238},[57,19874,498],{"class":67},[57,19876,5941],{"class":238},[57,19878,4416],{"class":67},[15,19880,19881],{},[1854,19882,131],{},[48,19884,19886],{"className":50,"code":19885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[19,19887,19888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19889,19890,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19891,19892],{"class":67},"[(",[57,19894,1395],{"class":938},[57,19896,5798],{"class":942},[57,19898,1395],{"class":938},[57,19900,1081],{"class":67},[57,19902,1390],{"class":938},[57,19904,11025],{"class":942},[57,19906,1395],{"class":938},[57,19908,7370],{"class":67},[57,19910,7373],{"class":67},[57,19912,1395],{"class":938},[57,19914,7436],{"class":942},[57,19916,1395],{"class":938},[57,19918,1081],{"class":67},[57,19920,7443],{"class":80},[57,19922,7386],{"class":67},[15,19924,19925,19926,965,19928,498],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[373,19927,7292],{"href":11168},[373,19929,13172],{"href":19930},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[43,19932,221],{"id":220},[15,19934,3558],{},[48,19936,19938],{"className":50,"code":19937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.items()\n",[19,19939,19940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19941,19942,19944,19946,19948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19943,9591],{"class":285},[57,19945,498],{"class":67},[57,19947,5941],{"class":238},[57,19949,6778],{"class":67},[15,19951,19952],{},"Things to remember:",[27,19954,19955,19960,19963],{},[30,19956,19957,19959],{},[19,19958,15227],{}," does not take any arguments",[30,19961,19962],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[30,19964,19965],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[15,19967,275],{},[48,19969,19971],{"className":50,"code":19970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[19,19972,19973,20005,20009,20023,20027,20037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19974,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19976,3185],{"class":285},[57,19978,289],{"class":76},[57,19980,8629],{"class":67},[57,19982,939],{"class":938},[57,19984,3125],{"class":942},[57,19986,939],{"class":938},[57,19988,972],{"class":67},[57,19990,18049],{"class":80},[57,19992,1081],{"class":67},[57,19994,1449],{"class":938},[57,19996,3134],{"class":942},[57,19998,939],{"class":938},[57,20000,972],{"class":67},[57,20002,11653],{"class":80},[57,20004,7446],{"class":67},[57,20006,20007],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20008,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20010,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20012,300],{"class":285},[57,20014,289],{"class":76},[57,20016,3232],{"class":285},[57,20018,498],{"class":67},[57,20020,5941],{"class":238},[57,20022,6778],{"class":67},[57,20024,20025],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,20026,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20028,20029,20031,20033,20035],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,20030,64],{"class":63},[57,20032,68],{"class":67},[57,20034,339],{"class":238},[57,20036,242],{"class":67},[57,20038,20039,20041,20043,20045],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,20040,64],{"class":63},[57,20042,68],{"class":67},[57,20044,14537],{"class":238},[57,20046,242],{"class":67},[15,20048,20049],{},[1854,20050,131],{},[48,20052,20054],{"className":50,"code":20053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[19,20055,20056,20089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20057,20058,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20059,20060],{"class":238},"dict_items",[57,20062,7795],{"class":67},[57,20064,1395],{"class":938},[57,20066,3125],{"class":942},[57,20068,1395],{"class":938},[57,20070,1081],{"class":67},[57,20072,18049],{"class":80},[57,20074,7370],{"class":67},[57,20076,7373],{"class":67},[57,20078,1395],{"class":938},[57,20080,3134],{"class":942},[57,20082,1395],{"class":938},[57,20084,1081],{"class":67},[57,20086,11653],{"class":80},[57,20088,8818],{"class":67},[57,20090,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20092,7415],{"class":67},[57,20094,1395],{"class":938},[57,20096,3125],{"class":942},[57,20098,1395],{"class":938},[57,20100,972],{"class":67},[57,20102,18049],{"class":80},[57,20104,1081],{"class":67},[57,20106,1390],{"class":938},[57,20108,3134],{"class":942},[57,20110,1395],{"class":938},[57,20112,972],{"class":67},[57,20114,11653],{"class":80},[57,20116,7446],{"class":67},[15,20118,19043],{},[43,20120,20122],{"id":20121},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[15,20124,20125,20127,20128,20130],{},[19,20126,15227],{}," returns a ",[19,20129,20060],{}," view object.",[15,20132,169],{},[27,20134,20135,20138,20141],{},[30,20136,20137],{},"You can loop over it",[30,20139,20140],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[30,20142,20143],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[15,20145,275],{},[48,20147,20149],{"className":50,"code":20148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[19,20150,20151,20183,20197,20201,20215,20219,20238,20242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20152,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20154,7302],{"class":285},[57,20156,289],{"class":76},[57,20158,8629],{"class":67},[57,20160,939],{"class":938},[57,20162,239],{"class":942},[57,20164,939],{"class":938},[57,20166,972],{"class":67},[57,20168,3622],{"class":80},[57,20170,1081],{"class":67},[57,20172,1449],{"class":938},[57,20174,9888],{"class":942},[57,20176,939],{"class":938},[57,20178,972],{"class":67},[57,20180,1084],{"class":80},[57,20182,7446],{"class":67},[57,20184,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20186,7352],{"class":285},[57,20188,289],{"class":76},[57,20190,12713],{"class":285},[57,20192,498],{"class":67},[57,20194,5941],{"class":238},[57,20196,6778],{"class":67},[57,20198,20199],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20200,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20202,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,20204,64],{"class":63},[57,20206,68],{"class":67},[57,20208,6226],{"class":990},[57,20210,68],{"class":67},[57,20212,7399],{"class":238},[57,20214,84],{"class":67},[57,20216,20217],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,20218,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20220,20221,20223,20225,20227,20230,20232,20234,20236],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,20222,7341],{"class":285},[57,20224,2015],{"class":67},[57,20226,939],{"class":938},[57,20228,20229],{"class":942},"z",[57,20231,939],{"class":938},[57,20233,11419],{"class":67},[57,20235,11422],{"class":76},[57,20237,659],{"class":80},[57,20239,20240],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,20241,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20243,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,20245,64],{"class":63},[57,20247,68],{"class":67},[57,20249,6226],{"class":990},[57,20251,68],{"class":67},[57,20253,7399],{"class":238},[57,20255,84],{"class":67},[15,20257,20258],{},[1854,20259,131],{},[48,20261,20263],{"className":50,"code":20262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[19,20264,20265,20295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20266,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20268,19892],{"class":67},[57,20270,1395],{"class":938},[57,20272,239],{"class":942},[57,20274,1395],{"class":938},[57,20276,1081],{"class":67},[57,20278,3622],{"class":80},[57,20280,7370],{"class":67},[57,20282,7373],{"class":67},[57,20284,1395],{"class":938},[57,20286,9888],{"class":942},[57,20288,1395],{"class":938},[57,20290,1081],{"class":67},[57,20292,1084],{"class":80},[57,20294,7386],{"class":67},[57,20296,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20298,19892],{"class":67},[57,20300,1395],{"class":938},[57,20302,239],{"class":942},[57,20304,1395],{"class":938},[57,20306,1081],{"class":67},[57,20308,3622],{"class":80},[57,20310,7370],{"class":67},[57,20312,7373],{"class":67},[57,20314,1395],{"class":938},[57,20316,9888],{"class":942},[57,20318,1395],{"class":938},[57,20320,1081],{"class":67},[57,20322,1084],{"class":80},[57,20324,7370],{"class":67},[57,20326,7373],{"class":67},[57,20328,1395],{"class":938},[57,20330,20229],{"class":942},[57,20332,1395],{"class":938},[57,20334,1081],{"class":67},[57,20336,530],{"class":80},[57,20338,7386],{"class":67},[15,20340,20341,20342,20344],{},"This happens because ",[19,20343,7399],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[43,20346,20348,20349],{"id":20347},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[19,20350,15227],{},[15,20352,20353,20354,972],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[19,20355,15227],{},[48,20357,20359],{"className":50,"code":20358,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[19,20360,20361,20414,20418,20438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20362,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20364,11008],{"class":285},[57,20366,289],{"class":76},[57,20368,8629],{"class":67},[57,20370,939],{"class":938},[57,20372,5798],{"class":942},[57,20374,939],{"class":938},[57,20376,972],{"class":67},[57,20378,1449],{"class":938},[57,20380,6053],{"class":942},[57,20382,939],{"class":938},[57,20384,1081],{"class":67},[57,20386,1449],{"class":938},[57,20388,18042],{"class":942},[57,20390,939],{"class":938},[57,20392,972],{"class":67},[57,20394,1449],{"class":938},[57,20396,20397],{"class":942},"A",[57,20399,939],{"class":938},[57,20401,1081],{"class":67},[57,20403,1449],{"class":938},[57,20405,7436],{"class":942},[57,20407,939],{"class":938},[57,20409,972],{"class":67},[57,20411,12004],{"class":80},[57,20413,7446],{"class":67},[57,20415,20416],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20417,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20419,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20421,4083],{"class":1990},[57,20423,19731],{"class":285},[57,20425,1081],{"class":67},[57,20427,19736],{"class":285},[57,20429,1997],{"class":1990},[57,20431,11051],{"class":285},[57,20433,498],{"class":67},[57,20435,5941],{"class":238},[57,20437,19747],{"class":67},[57,20439,20440,20442,20444,20447,20449,20451,20453,20456,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,20441,6201],{"class":63},[57,20443,68],{"class":67},[57,20445,20446],{"class":125},"f",[57,20448,939],{"class":942},[57,20450,7415],{"class":80},[57,20452,12988],{"class":238},[57,20454,20455],{"class":80},"}",[57,20457,20458],{"class":942},": ",[57,20460,7415],{"class":80},[57,20462,552],{"class":238},[57,20464,20455],{"class":80},[57,20466,939],{"class":942},[57,20468,242],{"class":67},[15,20470,20471],{},[1854,20472,131],{},[48,20474,20476],{"className":50,"code":20475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[19,20477,20478,20487,20496],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20479,20480,20482,20484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20481,5798],{"class":285},[57,20483,972],{"class":67},[57,20485,20486],{"class":285}," Mia\n",[57,20488,20489,20491,20493],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20490,18042],{"class":285},[57,20492,972],{"class":67},[57,20494,20495],{"class":285}," A\n",[57,20497,20498,20500,20502],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20499,7436],{"class":285},[57,20501,972],{"class":67},[57,20503,20504],{"class":80}," 14\n",[15,20506,20507],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[48,20509,20511],{"className":50,"code":20510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[19,20512,20513,20565,20569,20581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20514,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20516,11008],{"class":285},[57,20518,289],{"class":76},[57,20520,8629],{"class":67},[57,20522,939],{"class":938},[57,20524,5798],{"class":942},[57,20526,939],{"class":938},[57,20528,972],{"class":67},[57,20530,1449],{"class":938},[57,20532,6053],{"class":942},[57,20534,939],{"class":938},[57,20536,1081],{"class":67},[57,20538,1449],{"class":938},[57,20540,18042],{"class":942},[57,20542,939],{"class":938},[57,20544,972],{"class":67},[57,20546,1449],{"class":938},[57,20548,20397],{"class":942},[57,20550,939],{"class":938},[57,20552,1081],{"class":67},[57,20554,1449],{"class":938},[57,20556,7436],{"class":942},[57,20558,939],{"class":938},[57,20560,972],{"class":67},[57,20562,12004],{"class":80},[57,20564,7446],{"class":67},[57,20566,20567],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20568,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20570,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20572,4083],{"class":1990},[57,20574,16359],{"class":285},[57,20576,1997],{"class":1990},[57,20578,11051],{"class":285},[57,20580,4520],{"class":67},[57,20582,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,20584,6201],{"class":63},[57,20586,68],{"class":67},[57,20588,20446],{"class":125},[57,20590,939],{"class":942},[57,20592,7415],{"class":80},[57,20594,12988],{"class":238},[57,20596,20455],{"class":80},[57,20598,20458],{"class":942},[57,20600,7415],{"class":80},[57,20602,11772],{"class":238},[57,20604,2015],{"class":67},[57,20606,12988],{"class":238},[57,20608,11419],{"class":67},[57,20610,20455],{"class":80},[57,20612,939],{"class":942},[57,20614,242],{"class":67},[15,20616,4638,20617,20620],{},[19,20618,20619],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[15,20622,20623,20624,498],{},"For a full guide, see ",[373,20625,20627],{"href":20626},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[43,20629,20631],{"id":20630},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[15,20633,20634],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[48,20636,20638],{"className":50,"code":20637,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[19,20639,20640,20699,20703,20723,20727],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20641,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20677,20679,20681,20683,20686,20688,20690,20692,20695,20697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20643,11221],{"class":285},[57,20645,289],{"class":76},[57,20647,8629],{"class":67},[57,20649,939],{"class":938},[57,20651,2195],{"class":942},[57,20653,939],{"class":938},[57,20655,972],{"class":67},[57,20657,1449],{"class":938},[57,20659,11238],{"class":942},[57,20661,939],{"class":938},[57,20663,1081],{"class":67},[57,20665,1449],{"class":938},[57,20667,2204],{"class":942},[57,20669,939],{"class":938},[57,20671,972],{"class":67},[57,20673,1449],{"class":938},[57,20675,20676],{"class":942},"yellow",[57,20678,939],{"class":938},[57,20680,1081],{"class":67},[57,20682,1449],{"class":938},[57,20684,20685],{"class":942},"grape",[57,20687,939],{"class":938},[57,20689,972],{"class":67},[57,20691,1449],{"class":938},[57,20693,20694],{"class":942},"purple",[57,20696,939],{"class":938},[57,20698,7446],{"class":67},[57,20700,20701],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20702,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20704,20705,20708,20710,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20706,20707],{"class":285},"pairs_list ",[57,20709,289],{"class":76},[57,20711,20712],{"class":990}," list",[57,20714,68],{"class":67},[57,20716,15652],{"class":238},[57,20718,498],{"class":67},[57,20720,5941],{"class":238},[57,20722,5323],{"class":67},[57,20724,20725],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,20726,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20728,20729,20731,20733,20736],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,20730,64],{"class":63},[57,20732,68],{"class":67},[57,20734,20735],{"class":238},"pairs_list",[57,20737,242],{"class":67},[15,20739,20740],{},[1854,20741,131],{},[48,20743,20745],{"className":50,"code":20744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[19,20746,20747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20748,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20750,19892],{"class":67},[57,20752,1395],{"class":938},[57,20754,2195],{"class":942},[57,20756,1395],{"class":938},[57,20758,1081],{"class":67},[57,20760,1390],{"class":938},[57,20762,11238],{"class":942},[57,20764,1395],{"class":938},[57,20766,7370],{"class":67},[57,20768,7373],{"class":67},[57,20770,1395],{"class":938},[57,20772,2204],{"class":942},[57,20774,1395],{"class":938},[57,20776,1081],{"class":67},[57,20778,1390],{"class":938},[57,20780,20676],{"class":942},[57,20782,1395],{"class":938},[57,20784,7370],{"class":67},[57,20786,7373],{"class":67},[57,20788,1395],{"class":938},[57,20790,20685],{"class":942},[57,20792,1395],{"class":938},[57,20794,1081],{"class":67},[57,20796,1390],{"class":938},[57,20798,20694],{"class":942},[57,20800,1395],{"class":938},[57,20802,7386],{"class":67},[15,20804,20805],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[15,20807,20808],{},"Use this when:",[27,20810,20811,20814,20817],{},[30,20812,20813],{},"You want clearer printed output",[30,20815,20816],{},"You need list behavior",[30,20818,20819],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[43,20821,20823,8724,20825,8724,20827],{"id":20822},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[19,20824,15227],{},[19,20826,15214],{},[19,20828,15220],{},[15,20830,20831],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[27,20833,20834,20839,20844],{},[30,20835,20836,20838],{},[19,20837,15227],{}," gives both key and value",[30,20840,20841,20843],{},[19,20842,15214],{}," gives only keys",[30,20845,20846,20848],{},[19,20847,15220],{}," gives only values",[15,20850,275],{},[48,20852,20854],{"className":50,"code":20853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[19,20855,20856,20892,20896,20914,20932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20857,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20859,11350],{"class":285},[57,20861,289],{"class":76},[57,20863,8629],{"class":67},[57,20865,939],{"class":938},[57,20867,5798],{"class":942},[57,20869,939],{"class":938},[57,20871,972],{"class":67},[57,20873,1449],{"class":938},[57,20875,11025],{"class":942},[57,20877,939],{"class":938},[57,20879,1081],{"class":67},[57,20881,1449],{"class":938},[57,20883,7436],{"class":942},[57,20885,939],{"class":938},[57,20887,972],{"class":67},[57,20889,7443],{"class":80},[57,20891,7446],{"class":67},[57,20893,20894],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20895,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,20897,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20899,64],{"class":63},[57,20901,68],{"class":67},[57,20903,6226],{"class":990},[57,20905,68],{"class":67},[57,20907,15456],{"class":238},[57,20909,498],{"class":67},[57,20911,15072],{"class":238},[57,20913,4416],{"class":67},[57,20915,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,20917,64],{"class":63},[57,20919,68],{"class":67},[57,20921,6226],{"class":990},[57,20923,68],{"class":67},[57,20925,15456],{"class":238},[57,20927,498],{"class":67},[57,20929,3482],{"class":238},[57,20931,4416],{"class":67},[57,20933,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,20935,64],{"class":63},[57,20937,68],{"class":67},[57,20939,6226],{"class":990},[57,20941,68],{"class":67},[57,20943,15456],{"class":238},[57,20945,498],{"class":67},[57,20947,5941],{"class":238},[57,20949,4416],{"class":67},[15,20951,20952],{},[1854,20953,131],{},[48,20955,20957],{"className":50,"code":20956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[19,20958,20959,20979,20995],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20960,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20962,2015],{"class":67},[57,20964,1395],{"class":938},[57,20966,5798],{"class":942},[57,20968,1395],{"class":938},[57,20970,1081],{"class":67},[57,20972,1390],{"class":938},[57,20974,7436],{"class":942},[57,20976,1395],{"class":938},[57,20978,1742],{"class":67},[57,20980,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,20982,2015],{"class":67},[57,20984,1395],{"class":938},[57,20986,11025],{"class":942},[57,20988,1395],{"class":938},[57,20990,1081],{"class":67},[57,20992,7443],{"class":80},[57,20994,1742],{"class":67},[57,20996,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,20998,19892],{"class":67},[57,21000,1395],{"class":938},[57,21002,5798],{"class":942},[57,21004,1395],{"class":938},[57,21006,1081],{"class":67},[57,21008,1390],{"class":938},[57,21010,11025],{"class":942},[57,21012,1395],{"class":938},[57,21014,7370],{"class":67},[57,21016,7373],{"class":67},[57,21018,1395],{"class":938},[57,21020,7436],{"class":942},[57,21022,1395],{"class":938},[57,21024,1081],{"class":67},[57,21026,7443],{"class":80},[57,21028,7386],{"class":67},[15,21030,21031],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[27,21033,21034,21042,21050],{},[30,21035,21036,21037],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[373,21038,21040],{"href":21039},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[19,21041,15214],{},[30,21043,21044,21045],{},"Need just values? Use ",[373,21046,21048],{"href":21047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[19,21049,15220],{},[30,21051,21052,21053],{},"Need both together? Use ",[19,21054,15227],{},[43,21056,3082,21058],{"id":21057},"when-to-use-items",[19,21059,15227],{},[15,21061,21062,21064],{},[19,21063,15227],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[27,21066,21067,21070,21073,21076,21079],{},[30,21068,21069],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[30,21071,21072],{},"Building formatted output",[30,21074,21075],{},"Looping through settings and values",[30,21077,21078],{},"Showing names with scores",[30,21080,21081],{},"Working with labels and their data",[15,21083,275],{},[48,21085,21087],{"className":50,"code":21086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[19,21088,21089,21097,21115,21134,21146,21150,21154,21175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21090,21091,21093,21095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21092,11972],{"class":285},[57,21094,289],{"class":76},[57,21096,9635],{"class":67},[57,21098,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21100,9640],{"class":938},[57,21102,10638],{"class":942},[57,21104,939],{"class":938},[57,21106,972],{"class":67},[57,21108,1449],{"class":938},[57,21110,10647],{"class":942},[57,21112,939],{"class":938},[57,21114,9656],{"class":67},[57,21116,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21130,21132],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21118,9640],{"class":938},[57,21120,18274],{"class":942},[57,21122,939],{"class":938},[57,21124,972],{"class":67},[57,21126,1449],{"class":938},[57,21128,21129],{"class":942},"English",[57,21131,939],{"class":938},[57,21133,9656],{"class":67},[57,21135,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,21137,9640],{"class":938},[57,21139,16675],{"class":942},[57,21141,939],{"class":938},[57,21143,972],{"class":67},[57,21145,4550],{"class":1965},[57,21147,21148],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,21149,7446],{"class":67},[57,21151,21152],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,21153,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21155,21156,21158,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,21157,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21159,21160],{"class":285}," setting",[57,21162,1081],{"class":67},[57,21164,19736],{"class":285},[57,21166,1997],{"class":1990},[57,21168,12016],{"class":285},[57,21170,498],{"class":67},[57,21172,5941],{"class":238},[57,21174,19747],{"class":67},[57,21176,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21190,21192,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,21178,6201],{"class":63},[57,21180,68],{"class":67},[57,21182,20446],{"class":125},[57,21184,939],{"class":942},[57,21186,7415],{"class":80},[57,21188,21189],{"class":238},"setting",[57,21191,20455],{"class":80},[57,21193,21194],{"class":942}," = ",[57,21196,7415],{"class":80},[57,21198,552],{"class":238},[57,21200,20455],{"class":80},[57,21202,939],{"class":942},[57,21204,242],{"class":67},[15,21206,21207],{},[1854,21208,131],{},[48,21210,21212],{"className":50,"code":21211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[19,21213,21214,21224,21234],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21215,21216,21219,21221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21217,21218],{"class":285},"theme ",[57,21220,289],{"class":76},[57,21222,21223],{"class":285}," dark\n",[57,21225,21226,21229,21231],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21227,21228],{"class":285},"language ",[57,21230,289],{"class":76},[57,21232,21233],{"class":285}," English\n",[57,21235,21236,21239,21241],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21237,21238],{"class":285},"notifications ",[57,21240,289],{"class":76},[57,21242,4550],{"class":1965},[43,21244,913],{"id":912},[15,21246,21247,21248,498],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[19,21249,15227],{},[616,21251,21253,21254,21256],{"id":21252},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[19,21255,15227],{}," incorrectly",[15,21258,21259,21260,21262,21263,21266],{},"Each result from ",[19,21261,15227],{}," has ",[1854,21264,21265],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[15,21268,4816],{},[48,21270,21271],{"className":50,"code":19682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,21272,21273,21309,21313,21333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21274,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21276,11350],{"class":285},[57,21278,289],{"class":76},[57,21280,8629],{"class":67},[57,21282,939],{"class":938},[57,21284,5798],{"class":942},[57,21286,939],{"class":938},[57,21288,972],{"class":67},[57,21290,1449],{"class":938},[57,21292,11025],{"class":942},[57,21294,939],{"class":938},[57,21296,1081],{"class":67},[57,21298,1449],{"class":938},[57,21300,7436],{"class":942},[57,21302,939],{"class":938},[57,21304,972],{"class":67},[57,21306,7443],{"class":80},[57,21308,7446],{"class":67},[57,21310,21311],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21312,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21314,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21316,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21318,19731],{"class":285},[57,21320,1081],{"class":67},[57,21322,19736],{"class":285},[57,21324,1997],{"class":1990},[57,21326,11393],{"class":285},[57,21328,498],{"class":67},[57,21330,5941],{"class":238},[57,21332,19747],{"class":67},[57,21334,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,21336,6201],{"class":63},[57,21338,68],{"class":67},[57,21340,12988],{"class":238},[57,21342,1081],{"class":67},[57,21344,6567],{"class":238},[57,21346,242],{"class":67},[15,21348,21349],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[48,21351,21353],{"className":50,"code":21352,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[19,21354,21355,21391,21395,21411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21356,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21358,11350],{"class":285},[57,21360,289],{"class":76},[57,21362,8629],{"class":67},[57,21364,939],{"class":938},[57,21366,5798],{"class":942},[57,21368,939],{"class":938},[57,21370,972],{"class":67},[57,21372,1449],{"class":938},[57,21374,11025],{"class":942},[57,21376,939],{"class":938},[57,21378,1081],{"class":67},[57,21380,1449],{"class":938},[57,21382,7436],{"class":942},[57,21384,939],{"class":938},[57,21386,972],{"class":67},[57,21388,7443],{"class":80},[57,21390,7446],{"class":67},[57,21392,21393],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21394,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21396,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21398,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21400,16359],{"class":285},[57,21402,1997],{"class":1990},[57,21404,11393],{"class":285},[57,21406,498],{"class":67},[57,21408,5941],{"class":238},[57,21410,19747],{"class":67},[57,21412,21413,21415,21417,21419],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,21414,6201],{"class":63},[57,21416,68],{"class":67},[57,21418,12988],{"class":238},[57,21420,242],{"class":67},[15,21422,21423,21424,21426,21427,21430],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[19,21425,12988],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[19,21428,21429],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[15,21432,21433],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[48,21435,21437],{"className":50,"code":21436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[19,21438,21439,21455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21440,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21442,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21444,4086],{"class":285},[57,21446,1997],{"class":1990},[57,21448,11393],{"class":285},[57,21450,498],{"class":67},[57,21452,5941],{"class":238},[57,21454,19747],{"class":67},[57,21456,21457,21459,21461,21464],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21458,6201],{"class":63},[57,21460,68],{"class":67},[57,21462,21463],{"class":238},"item",[57,21465,242],{"class":67},[15,21467,21468],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[48,21470,21472],{"className":50,"code":21471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[19,21473,21474,21494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21475,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21477,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21479,19731],{"class":285},[57,21481,1081],{"class":67},[57,21483,19736],{"class":285},[57,21485,1997],{"class":1990},[57,21487,11393],{"class":285},[57,21489,498],{"class":67},[57,21491,5941],{"class":238},[57,21493,19747],{"class":67},[57,21495,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21497,6201],{"class":63},[57,21499,68],{"class":67},[57,21501,12988],{"class":238},[57,21503,1081],{"class":67},[57,21505,6567],{"class":238},[57,21507,242],{"class":67},[616,21509,6587,21511,21513],{"id":21510},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[19,21512,15227],{}," to return a regular list",[15,21515,21516,20127,21518,21520],{},[19,21517,15227],{},[19,21519,20060],{}," object, not a list.",[15,21522,21523],{},"Check it:",[48,21525,21527],{"className":50,"code":21526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[19,21528,21529,21561,21565,21579,21597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21530,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21532,9867],{"class":285},[57,21534,289],{"class":76},[57,21536,8629],{"class":67},[57,21538,939],{"class":938},[57,21540,373],{"class":942},[57,21542,939],{"class":938},[57,21544,972],{"class":67},[57,21546,3622],{"class":80},[57,21548,1081],{"class":67},[57,21550,1449],{"class":938},[57,21552,2881],{"class":942},[57,21554,939],{"class":938},[57,21556,972],{"class":67},[57,21558,1084],{"class":80},[57,21560,7446],{"class":67},[57,21562,21563],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21564,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21566,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21568,64],{"class":63},[57,21570,68],{"class":67},[57,21572,9591],{"class":238},[57,21574,498],{"class":67},[57,21576,5941],{"class":238},[57,21578,5323],{"class":67},[57,21580,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,21582,64],{"class":63},[57,21584,68],{"class":67},[57,21586,1315],{"class":990},[57,21588,68],{"class":67},[57,21590,9591],{"class":238},[57,21592,498],{"class":67},[57,21594,5941],{"class":238},[57,21596,4416],{"class":67},[57,21598,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,21600,64],{"class":63},[57,21602,68],{"class":67},[57,21604,6226],{"class":990},[57,21606,68],{"class":67},[57,21608,9591],{"class":238},[57,21610,498],{"class":67},[57,21612,5941],{"class":238},[57,21614,4416],{"class":67},[15,21616,21617],{},[1854,21618,131],{},[48,21620,21622],{"className":50,"code":21621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[19,21623,21624,21656,21670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21625,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21627,20060],{"class":238},[57,21629,7795],{"class":67},[57,21631,1395],{"class":938},[57,21633,373],{"class":942},[57,21635,1395],{"class":938},[57,21637,1081],{"class":67},[57,21639,3622],{"class":80},[57,21641,7370],{"class":67},[57,21643,7373],{"class":67},[57,21645,1395],{"class":938},[57,21647,2881],{"class":942},[57,21649,1395],{"class":938},[57,21651,1081],{"class":67},[57,21653,1084],{"class":80},[57,21655,8818],{"class":67},[57,21657,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21659,1384],{"class":76},[57,21661,1387],{"class":125},[57,21663,1390],{"class":938},[57,21665,20060],{"class":942},[57,21667,1395],{"class":938},[57,21669,1398],{"class":76},[57,21671,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21673,19892],{"class":67},[57,21675,1395],{"class":938},[57,21677,373],{"class":942},[57,21679,1395],{"class":938},[57,21681,1081],{"class":67},[57,21683,3622],{"class":80},[57,21685,7370],{"class":67},[57,21687,7373],{"class":67},[57,21689,1395],{"class":938},[57,21691,2881],{"class":942},[57,21693,1395],{"class":938},[57,21695,1081],{"class":67},[57,21697,1084],{"class":80},[57,21699,7386],{"class":67},[616,21701,21703,21704],{"id":21702},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[19,21705,15227],{},[15,21707,21708],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[15,21710,21711],{},"Problem example:",[48,21713,21715],{"className":50,"code":21714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[19,21716,21717,21761,21765,21785,21797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21718,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21720,1724],{"class":285},[57,21722,289],{"class":76},[57,21724,8629],{"class":67},[57,21726,939],{"class":938},[57,21728,373],{"class":942},[57,21730,939],{"class":938},[57,21732,972],{"class":67},[57,21734,3622],{"class":80},[57,21736,1081],{"class":67},[57,21738,1449],{"class":938},[57,21740,2881],{"class":942},[57,21742,939],{"class":938},[57,21744,972],{"class":67},[57,21746,1084],{"class":80},[57,21748,1081],{"class":67},[57,21750,1449],{"class":938},[57,21752,7877],{"class":942},[57,21754,939],{"class":938},[57,21756,972],{"class":67},[57,21758,530],{"class":80},[57,21760,7446],{"class":67},[57,21762,21763],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21764,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21766,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21768,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21770,19731],{"class":285},[57,21772,1081],{"class":67},[57,21774,19736],{"class":285},[57,21776,1997],{"class":1990},[57,21778,2380],{"class":285},[57,21780,498],{"class":67},[57,21782,5941],{"class":238},[57,21784,19747],{"class":67},[57,21786,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,21788,4525],{"class":1990},[57,21790,19736],{"class":285},[57,21792,2808],{"class":76},[57,21794,1084],{"class":80},[57,21796,4520],{"class":67},[57,21798,21799,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,21800,21801],{"class":285},"        numbers",[57,21803,2015],{"class":67},[57,21805,939],{"class":938},[57,21807,16918],{"class":942},[57,21809,939],{"class":938},[57,21811,11419],{"class":67},[57,21813,11422],{"class":76},[57,21815,21816],{"class":80}," 4\n",[15,21818,21819],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[15,21821,21822],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[48,21824,21826],{"className":50,"code":21825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,21827,21828,21872,21876,21901,21913,21931,21935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21829,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21831,1724],{"class":285},[57,21833,289],{"class":76},[57,21835,8629],{"class":67},[57,21837,939],{"class":938},[57,21839,373],{"class":942},[57,21841,939],{"class":938},[57,21843,972],{"class":67},[57,21845,3622],{"class":80},[57,21847,1081],{"class":67},[57,21849,1449],{"class":938},[57,21851,2881],{"class":942},[57,21853,939],{"class":938},[57,21855,972],{"class":67},[57,21857,1084],{"class":80},[57,21859,1081],{"class":67},[57,21861,1449],{"class":938},[57,21863,7877],{"class":942},[57,21865,939],{"class":938},[57,21867,972],{"class":67},[57,21869,530],{"class":80},[57,21871,7446],{"class":67},[57,21873,21874],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21875,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21877,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21879,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21881,19731],{"class":285},[57,21883,1081],{"class":67},[57,21885,19736],{"class":285},[57,21887,1997],{"class":1990},[57,21889,20712],{"class":990},[57,21891,68],{"class":67},[57,21893,1756],{"class":238},[57,21895,498],{"class":67},[57,21897,5941],{"class":238},[57,21899,21900],{"class":67},"()):\n",[57,21902,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,21904,4525],{"class":1990},[57,21906,19736],{"class":285},[57,21908,2808],{"class":76},[57,21910,1084],{"class":80},[57,21912,4520],{"class":67},[57,21914,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,21916,21801],{"class":285},[57,21918,2015],{"class":67},[57,21920,939],{"class":938},[57,21922,16918],{"class":942},[57,21924,939],{"class":938},[57,21926,11419],{"class":67},[57,21928,11422],{"class":76},[57,21930,21816],{"class":80},[57,21932,21933],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,21934,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21936,21937,21939,21941,21943],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,21938,64],{"class":63},[57,21940,68],{"class":67},[57,21942,1756],{"class":238},[57,21944,242],{"class":67},[616,21946,21948],{"id":21947},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[15,21950,21951],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[48,21953,21955],{"className":50,"code":21954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[19,21956,21957,21989,21993,22009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21958,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21960,7302],{"class":285},[57,21962,289],{"class":76},[57,21964,8629],{"class":67},[57,21966,939],{"class":938},[57,21968,239],{"class":942},[57,21970,939],{"class":938},[57,21972,972],{"class":67},[57,21974,4130],{"class":80},[57,21976,1081],{"class":67},[57,21978,1449],{"class":938},[57,21980,9888],{"class":942},[57,21982,939],{"class":938},[57,21984,972],{"class":67},[57,21986,5921],{"class":80},[57,21988,7446],{"class":67},[57,21990,21991],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,21992,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,21994,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,21996,4083],{"class":1990},[57,21998,4086],{"class":285},[57,22000,1997],{"class":1990},[57,22002,12713],{"class":285},[57,22004,498],{"class":67},[57,22006,5941],{"class":238},[57,22008,19747],{"class":67},[57,22010,22011,22013,22015,22017],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,22012,6201],{"class":63},[57,22014,68],{"class":67},[57,22016,21463],{"class":238},[57,22018,242],{"class":67},[15,22020,22021],{},[1854,22022,131],{},[48,22024,22026],{"className":50,"code":22025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[19,22027,22028,22044],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22029,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22031,68],{"class":67},[57,22033,1395],{"class":938},[57,22035,239],{"class":942},[57,22037,1395],{"class":938},[57,22039,1081],{"class":67},[57,22041,4130],{"class":80},[57,22043,242],{"class":67},[57,22045,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22047,68],{"class":67},[57,22049,1395],{"class":938},[57,22051,9888],{"class":942},[57,22053,1395],{"class":938},[57,22055,1081],{"class":67},[57,22057,5921],{"class":80},[57,22059,242],{"class":67},[15,22061,22062,22063,22065],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[19,22064,19807],{}," pair.",[43,22067,1554],{"id":1553},[616,22069,22071,22072,3267],{"id":22070},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[19,22073,15227],{},[15,22075,15571,22076,22078],{},[19,22077,20060],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[616,22080,10848,22082,22084],{"id":22081},"does-items-return-a-list",[19,22083,15227],{}," return a list?",[15,22086,22087,22088,22091],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[19,22089,22090],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[616,22093,22095,22096,572],{"id":22094},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[19,22097,15227],{},[15,22099,22100],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[48,22102,22104],{"className":50,"code":22103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[19,22105,22106,22126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22107,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22109,4083],{"class":1990},[57,22111,19731],{"class":285},[57,22113,1081],{"class":67},[57,22115,19736],{"class":285},[57,22117,1997],{"class":1990},[57,22119,9909],{"class":285},[57,22121,498],{"class":67},[57,22123,5941],{"class":238},[57,22125,19747],{"class":67},[57,22127,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22129,6201],{"class":63},[57,22131,68],{"class":67},[57,22133,12988],{"class":238},[57,22135,1081],{"class":67},[57,22137,6567],{"class":238},[57,22139,242],{"class":67},[616,22141,10848,22143,22145],{"id":22142},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[19,22144,15227],{}," change the dictionary?",[15,22147,22148],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[43,22150,1602],{"id":1601},[27,22152,22153,22159,22165,22170,22174],{},[30,22154,22155],{},[373,22156,8876,22157,8880],{"href":21039},[19,22158,15214],{},[30,22160,22161],{},[373,22162,8876,22163,8880],{"href":21047},[19,22164,15220],{},[30,22166,22167],{},[373,22168,22169],{"href":20626},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22171,22172],{},[373,22173,7292],{"href":11168},[30,22175,22176],{},[373,22177,22178],{"href":19930},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1634,22180,22181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":22183},[22184,22185,22187,22188,22189,22191,22192,22194,22196,22205,22215],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":19790,"depth":87,"text":22186},"What items() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":20121,"depth":87,"text":20122},{"id":20347,"depth":87,"text":22190},"Looping with items()",{"id":20630,"depth":87,"text":20631},{"id":20822,"depth":87,"text":22193},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":21057,"depth":87,"text":22195},"When to use items()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":22197},[22198,22200,22202,22204],{"id":21252,"depth":103,"text":22199},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":21510,"depth":103,"text":22201},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":21702,"depth":103,"text":22203},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":21947,"depth":103,"text":21948},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":22206},[22207,22209,22211,22213],{"id":22070,"depth":103,"text":22208},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":22081,"depth":103,"text":22210},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":22094,"depth":103,"text":22212},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":22142,"depth":103,"text":22214},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":19658,"description":22216},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":22223,"title":22224,"body":22225,"description":24316,"extension":1666,"meta":24317,"navigation":317,"path":21039,"seo":24318,"stem":24319,"__hash__":24320},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":8,"value":22226,"toc":24282},[22227,22232,22238,22241,22252,22259,22261,22344,22348,22395,22400,22405,22410,22412,22428,22430,22529,22533,22590,22593,22595,22598,22691,22695,22758,22761,22777,22782,22784,22786,22801,22803,22814,22816,22859,22862,22906,22909,22911,22918,22921,22938,22940,23033,23037,23078,23090,23094,23097,23185,23189,23209,23212,23239,23246,23251,23255,23266,23268,23372,23376,23402,23405,23472,23477,23480,23503,23508,23512,23517,23523,23528,23530,23585,23589,23616,23623,23629,23632,23657,23663,23689,23692,23767,23774,23779,23781,23820,23838,23842,23845,23888,23891,23893,23912,23914,23919,23944,23947,24017,24020,24093,24097,24099,24160,24163,24179,24181,24186,24191,24198,24207,24213,24219,24226,24232,24236,24241,24243,24279],[11,22228,9459,22230,9463],{"id":22229},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[19,22231,15214],{},[15,22233,22234,22235,22237],{},"The Python dictionary ",[19,22236,15214],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[15,22239,22240],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[27,22242,22243,22246,22249],{},[30,22244,22245],{},"view the available keys",[30,22247,22248],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[30,22250,22251],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[15,22253,22254,22256,22257,498],{},[19,22255,15214],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[19,22258,15163],{},[43,22260,46],{"id":45},[48,22262,22264],{"className":50,"code":22263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[19,22265,22266,22302,22316,22320,22330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22267,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22269,11008],{"class":285},[57,22271,289],{"class":76},[57,22273,8629],{"class":67},[57,22275,939],{"class":938},[57,22277,5798],{"class":942},[57,22279,939],{"class":938},[57,22281,972],{"class":67},[57,22283,1449],{"class":938},[57,22285,11025],{"class":942},[57,22287,939],{"class":938},[57,22289,1081],{"class":67},[57,22291,1449],{"class":938},[57,22293,7436],{"class":942},[57,22295,939],{"class":938},[57,22297,972],{"class":67},[57,22299,5921],{"class":80},[57,22301,7446],{"class":67},[57,22303,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22305,15391],{"class":285},[57,22307,289],{"class":76},[57,22309,11051],{"class":285},[57,22311,498],{"class":67},[57,22313,15072],{"class":238},[57,22315,6778],{"class":67},[57,22317,22318],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,22319,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,22321,22322,22324,22326,22328],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,22323,64],{"class":63},[57,22325,68],{"class":67},[57,22327,15072],{"class":238},[57,22329,242],{"class":67},[57,22331,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,22333,64],{"class":63},[57,22335,68],{"class":67},[57,22337,6226],{"class":990},[57,22339,68],{"class":67},[57,22341,15072],{"class":238},[57,22343,84],{"class":67},[15,22345,22346],{},[1854,22347,131],{},[48,22349,22351],{"className":50,"code":22350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[19,22352,22353,22375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22354,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22356,15163],{"class":238},[57,22358,1075],{"class":67},[57,22360,1395],{"class":938},[57,22362,5798],{"class":942},[57,22364,1395],{"class":938},[57,22366,1081],{"class":67},[57,22368,1390],{"class":938},[57,22370,7436],{"class":942},[57,22372,1395],{"class":938},[57,22374,2003],{"class":67},[57,22376,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22378,2015],{"class":67},[57,22380,1395],{"class":938},[57,22382,5798],{"class":942},[57,22384,1395],{"class":938},[57,22386,1081],{"class":67},[57,22388,1390],{"class":938},[57,22390,7436],{"class":942},[57,22392,1395],{"class":938},[57,22394,1742],{"class":67},[15,22396,154,22397,22399],{},[19,22398,15214],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[43,22401,1787,22403,1790],{"id":22402},"what-keys-does",[19,22404,15214],{},[15,22406,22407,22409],{},[19,22408,15214],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[15,22411,9600],{},[27,22413,22414,22417,22420,22425],{},[30,22415,22416],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[30,22418,22419],{},"It does not need any arguments",[30,22421,15571,22422,22424],{},[19,22423,15163],{}," view object, not a list",[30,22426,22427],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[15,22429,275],{},[48,22431,22433],{"className":50,"code":22432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[19,22434,22435,22471,22475,22489,22493,22515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22436,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22438,11350],{"class":285},[57,22440,289],{"class":76},[57,22442,8629],{"class":67},[57,22444,939],{"class":938},[57,22446,5798],{"class":942},[57,22448,939],{"class":938},[57,22450,972],{"class":67},[57,22452,1449],{"class":938},[57,22454,11367],{"class":942},[57,22456,939],{"class":938},[57,22458,1081],{"class":67},[57,22460,1449],{"class":938},[57,22462,7436],{"class":942},[57,22464,939],{"class":938},[57,22466,972],{"class":67},[57,22468,7443],{"class":80},[57,22470,7446],{"class":67},[57,22472,22473],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22474,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,22476,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,22478,64],{"class":63},[57,22480,68],{"class":67},[57,22482,15456],{"class":238},[57,22484,498],{"class":67},[57,22486,15072],{"class":238},[57,22488,5323],{"class":67},[57,22490,22491],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,22492,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,22494,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,22496,15456],{"class":285},[57,22498,2015],{"class":67},[57,22500,939],{"class":938},[57,22502,8547],{"class":942},[57,22504,939],{"class":938},[57,22506,11419],{"class":67},[57,22508,11422],{"class":76},[57,22510,1449],{"class":938},[57,22512,8554],{"class":942},[57,22514,1455],{"class":938},[57,22516,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,22518,64],{"class":63},[57,22520,68],{"class":67},[57,22522,15456],{"class":238},[57,22524,498],{"class":67},[57,22526,15072],{"class":238},[57,22528,5323],{"class":67},[15,22530,22531],{},[1854,22532,131],{},[48,22534,22536],{"className":50,"code":22535,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[19,22537,22538,22560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22539,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22541,15163],{"class":238},[57,22543,1075],{"class":67},[57,22545,1395],{"class":938},[57,22547,5798],{"class":942},[57,22549,1395],{"class":938},[57,22551,1081],{"class":67},[57,22553,1390],{"class":938},[57,22555,7436],{"class":942},[57,22557,1395],{"class":938},[57,22559,2003],{"class":67},[57,22561,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22563,15163],{"class":238},[57,22565,1075],{"class":67},[57,22567,1395],{"class":938},[57,22569,5798],{"class":942},[57,22571,1395],{"class":938},[57,22573,1081],{"class":67},[57,22575,1390],{"class":938},[57,22577,7436],{"class":942},[57,22579,1395],{"class":938},[57,22581,1081],{"class":67},[57,22583,1390],{"class":938},[57,22585,8547],{"class":942},[57,22587,1395],{"class":938},[57,22589,2003],{"class":67},[15,22591,22592],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[43,22594,3912],{"id":3911},[15,22596,22597],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[48,22599,22601],{"className":50,"code":22600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[19,22602,22603,22655,22659,22673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22604,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22606,7302],{"class":285},[57,22608,289],{"class":76},[57,22610,8629],{"class":67},[57,22612,939],{"class":938},[57,22614,5798],{"class":942},[57,22616,939],{"class":938},[57,22618,972],{"class":67},[57,22620,1449],{"class":938},[57,22622,11025],{"class":942},[57,22624,939],{"class":938},[57,22626,1081],{"class":67},[57,22628,1449],{"class":938},[57,22630,7436],{"class":942},[57,22632,939],{"class":938},[57,22634,972],{"class":67},[57,22636,5921],{"class":80},[57,22638,1081],{"class":67},[57,22640,1449],{"class":938},[57,22642,18042],{"class":942},[57,22644,939],{"class":938},[57,22646,972],{"class":67},[57,22648,1449],{"class":938},[57,22650,20397],{"class":942},[57,22652,939],{"class":938},[57,22654,7446],{"class":67},[57,22656,22657],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22658,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,22660,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,22662,64],{"class":63},[57,22664,68],{"class":67},[57,22666,7341],{"class":238},[57,22668,498],{"class":67},[57,22670,15072],{"class":238},[57,22672,5323],{"class":67},[57,22674,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,22676,64],{"class":63},[57,22678,68],{"class":67},[57,22680,6226],{"class":990},[57,22682,68],{"class":67},[57,22684,7341],{"class":238},[57,22686,498],{"class":67},[57,22688,15072],{"class":238},[57,22690,4416],{"class":67},[15,22692,22693],{},[1854,22694,131],{},[48,22696,22698],{"className":50,"code":22697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[19,22699,22700,22730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22701,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22703,15163],{"class":238},[57,22705,1075],{"class":67},[57,22707,1395],{"class":938},[57,22709,5798],{"class":942},[57,22711,1395],{"class":938},[57,22713,1081],{"class":67},[57,22715,1390],{"class":938},[57,22717,7436],{"class":942},[57,22719,1395],{"class":938},[57,22721,1081],{"class":67},[57,22723,1390],{"class":938},[57,22725,18042],{"class":942},[57,22727,1395],{"class":938},[57,22729,2003],{"class":67},[57,22731,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22733,2015],{"class":67},[57,22735,1395],{"class":938},[57,22737,5798],{"class":942},[57,22739,1395],{"class":938},[57,22741,1081],{"class":67},[57,22743,1390],{"class":938},[57,22745,7436],{"class":942},[57,22747,1395],{"class":938},[57,22749,1081],{"class":67},[57,22751,1390],{"class":938},[57,22753,18042],{"class":942},[57,22755,1395],{"class":938},[57,22757,1742],{"class":67},[15,22759,22760],{},"This shows two things:",[27,22762,22763,22771],{},[30,22764,22765,20127,22768,22770],{},[19,22766,22767],{},"data.keys()",[19,22769,15163],{}," object",[30,22772,22773,22776],{},[19,22774,22775],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[15,22778,7288,22779,498],{},[373,22780,22781],{"href":7528},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[43,22783,3555],{"id":3554},[15,22785,224],{},[48,22787,22789],{"className":50,"code":22788,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.keys()\n",[19,22790,22791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22792,22793,22795,22797,22799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22794,9591],{"class":285},[57,22796,498],{"class":67},[57,22798,15072],{"class":238},[57,22800,6778],{"class":67},[15,22802,19952],{},[27,22804,22805,22808,22811],{},[30,22806,22807],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[30,22809,22810],{},"It takes no parameters",[30,22812,22813],{},"You must include the parentheses",[15,22815,14804],{},[48,22817,22819],{"className":50,"code":22818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[19,22820,22821,22845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22822,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22824,11008],{"class":285},[57,22826,289],{"class":76},[57,22828,8629],{"class":67},[57,22830,939],{"class":938},[57,22832,5798],{"class":942},[57,22834,939],{"class":938},[57,22836,972],{"class":67},[57,22838,1449],{"class":938},[57,22840,11025],{"class":942},[57,22842,939],{"class":938},[57,22844,7446],{"class":67},[57,22846,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22848,64],{"class":63},[57,22850,68],{"class":67},[57,22852,11772],{"class":238},[57,22854,498],{"class":67},[57,22856,15072],{"class":238},[57,22858,5323],{"class":67},[15,22860,22861],{},"Incorrect:",[48,22863,22865],{"className":50,"code":22864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[19,22866,22867,22891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22868,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22870,11008],{"class":285},[57,22872,289],{"class":76},[57,22874,8629],{"class":67},[57,22876,939],{"class":938},[57,22878,5798],{"class":942},[57,22880,939],{"class":938},[57,22882,972],{"class":67},[57,22884,1449],{"class":938},[57,22886,11025],{"class":942},[57,22888,939],{"class":938},[57,22890,7446],{"class":67},[57,22892,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22904],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22894,64],{"class":63},[57,22896,68],{"class":67},[57,22898,11772],{"class":238},[57,22900,498],{"class":67},[57,22902,15072],{"class":22903},"skxfh",[57,22905,242],{"class":67},[15,22907,22908],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[43,22910,15568],{"id":15567},[15,22912,22913,20127,22915,22917],{},[19,22914,15214],{},[19,22916,15163],{}," object.",[15,22919,22920],{},"This object:",[27,22922,22923,22926,22929,22935],{},[30,22924,22925],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[30,22927,22928],{},"can be used in a loop",[30,22930,22931,22932],{},"can be converted with ",[19,22933,22934],{},"list()",[30,22936,22937],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[15,22939,275],{},[48,22941,22943],{"className":50,"code":22942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,22944,22945,22986,22990,23005,23009,23019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22946,22947,22950,22952,22954,22956,22959,22961,22963,22965,22968,22970,22972,22974,22977,22979,22981,22984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22948,22949],{"class":285},"car ",[57,22951,289],{"class":76},[57,22953,8629],{"class":67},[57,22955,939],{"class":938},[57,22957,22958],{"class":942},"brand",[57,22960,939],{"class":938},[57,22962,972],{"class":67},[57,22964,1449],{"class":938},[57,22966,22967],{"class":942},"Toyota",[57,22969,939],{"class":938},[57,22971,1081],{"class":67},[57,22973,1449],{"class":938},[57,22975,22976],{"class":942},"year",[57,22978,939],{"class":938},[57,22980,972],{"class":67},[57,22982,22983],{"class":80}," 2020",[57,22985,7446],{"class":67},[57,22987,22988],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,22989,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,22991,22992,22994,22996,22999,23001,23003],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,22993,300],{"class":285},[57,22995,289],{"class":76},[57,22997,22998],{"class":285}," car",[57,23000,498],{"class":67},[57,23002,15072],{"class":238},[57,23004,6778],{"class":67},[57,23006,23007],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,23008,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,23010,23011,23013,23015,23017],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,23012,64],{"class":63},[57,23014,68],{"class":67},[57,23016,339],{"class":238},[57,23018,242],{"class":67},[57,23020,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,23022,64],{"class":63},[57,23024,68],{"class":67},[57,23026,1315],{"class":990},[57,23028,68],{"class":67},[57,23030,339],{"class":238},[57,23032,84],{"class":67},[15,23034,23035],{},[1854,23036,131],{},[48,23038,23040],{"className":50,"code":23039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[19,23041,23042,23064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23043,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23045,15163],{"class":238},[57,23047,1075],{"class":67},[57,23049,1395],{"class":938},[57,23051,22958],{"class":942},[57,23053,1395],{"class":938},[57,23055,1081],{"class":67},[57,23057,1390],{"class":938},[57,23059,22976],{"class":942},[57,23061,1395],{"class":938},[57,23063,2003],{"class":67},[57,23065,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23067,1384],{"class":76},[57,23069,1387],{"class":125},[57,23071,1390],{"class":938},[57,23073,15163],{"class":942},[57,23075,1395],{"class":938},[57,23077,1398],{"class":76},[15,23079,23080,23081,23085,23086,498],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[373,23082,8876,23083,8880],{"href":15217},[19,23084,15220],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[373,23087,8876,23088,8880],{"href":15224},[19,23089,15227],{},[43,23091,23093],{"id":23092},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[15,23095,23096],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[48,23098,23100],{"className":50,"code":23099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[19,23101,23102,23155,23159,23175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23103,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23151,23153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23105,11008],{"class":285},[57,23107,289],{"class":76},[57,23109,8629],{"class":67},[57,23111,939],{"class":938},[57,23113,5798],{"class":942},[57,23115,939],{"class":938},[57,23117,972],{"class":67},[57,23119,1449],{"class":938},[57,23121,11025],{"class":942},[57,23123,939],{"class":938},[57,23125,1081],{"class":67},[57,23127,1449],{"class":938},[57,23129,7436],{"class":942},[57,23131,939],{"class":938},[57,23133,972],{"class":67},[57,23135,5921],{"class":80},[57,23137,1081],{"class":67},[57,23139,1449],{"class":938},[57,23141,13476],{"class":942},[57,23143,939],{"class":938},[57,23145,972],{"class":67},[57,23147,1449],{"class":938},[57,23149,23150],{"class":942},"Math",[57,23152,939],{"class":938},[57,23154,7446],{"class":67},[57,23156,23157],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23158,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,23160,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,23162,4083],{"class":1990},[57,23164,16359],{"class":285},[57,23166,1997],{"class":1990},[57,23168,11051],{"class":285},[57,23170,498],{"class":67},[57,23172,15072],{"class":238},[57,23174,19747],{"class":67},[57,23176,23177,23179,23181,23183],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,23178,6201],{"class":63},[57,23180,68],{"class":67},[57,23182,12988],{"class":238},[57,23184,242],{"class":67},[15,23186,23187],{},[1854,23188,131],{},[48,23190,23192],{"className":50,"code":23191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[19,23193,23194,23199,23204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23195,23196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23197,23198],{"class":285},"name\n",[57,23200,23201],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23202,23203],{"class":285},"age\n",[57,23205,23206],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,23207,23208],{"class":285},"course\n",[15,23210,23211],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[48,23213,23215],{"className":50,"code":23214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[19,23216,23217,23229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23218,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23220,4083],{"class":1990},[57,23222,16359],{"class":285},[57,23224,1997],{"class":1990},[57,23226,11051],{"class":285},[57,23228,4520],{"class":67},[57,23230,23231,23233,23235,23237],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23232,6201],{"class":63},[57,23234,68],{"class":67},[57,23236,12988],{"class":238},[57,23238,242],{"class":67},[15,23240,23241,23242,23245],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[19,23243,23244],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[43,23247,3082,23249],{"id":23248},"when-to-use-keys",[19,23250,15214],{},[15,23252,154,23253,8740],{},[19,23254,15214],{},[27,23256,23257,23260,23263],{},[30,23258,23259],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[30,23261,23262],{},"you want to display available fields",[30,23264,23265],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[15,23267,275],{},[48,23269,23271],{"className":50,"code":23270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[19,23272,23273,23326,23330,23345,23362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23274,23275,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23295,23297,23299,23301,23304,23306,23308,23311,23313,23315,23318,23320,23322,23324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23276,23277],{"class":285},"product ",[57,23279,289],{"class":76},[57,23281,8629],{"class":67},[57,23283,939],{"class":938},[57,23285,5798],{"class":942},[57,23287,939],{"class":938},[57,23289,972],{"class":67},[57,23291,1449],{"class":938},[57,23293,23294],{"class":942},"Book",[57,23296,939],{"class":938},[57,23298,1081],{"class":67},[57,23300,1449],{"class":938},[57,23302,23303],{"class":942},"price",[57,23305,939],{"class":938},[57,23307,972],{"class":67},[57,23309,23310],{"class":80}," 12.99",[57,23312,1081],{"class":67},[57,23314,1449],{"class":938},[57,23316,23317],{"class":942},"stock",[57,23319,939],{"class":938},[57,23321,972],{"class":67},[57,23323,2724],{"class":80},[57,23325,7446],{"class":67},[57,23327,23328],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23329,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,23331,23332,23334,23336,23338,23341,23343],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,23333,64],{"class":63},[57,23335,68],{"class":67},[57,23337,939],{"class":938},[57,23339,23340],{"class":942},"Available fields:",[57,23342,939],{"class":938},[57,23344,242],{"class":67},[57,23346,23347,23349,23351,23353,23356,23358,23360],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,23348,4083],{"class":1990},[57,23350,16359],{"class":285},[57,23352,1997],{"class":1990},[57,23354,23355],{"class":285}," product",[57,23357,498],{"class":67},[57,23359,15072],{"class":238},[57,23361,19747],{"class":67},[57,23363,23364,23366,23368,23370],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,23365,6201],{"class":63},[57,23367,68],{"class":67},[57,23369,12988],{"class":238},[57,23371,242],{"class":67},[15,23373,23374],{},[1854,23375,131],{},[48,23377,23379],{"className":50,"code":23378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[19,23380,23381,23388,23392,23397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23382,23383,23386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23384,23385],{"class":285},"Available fields",[57,23387,4520],{"class":67},[57,23389,23390],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23391,23198],{"class":285},[57,23393,23394],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,23395,23396],{"class":285},"price\n",[57,23398,23399],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,23400,23401],{"class":285},"stock\n",[15,23403,23404],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[48,23406,23408],{"className":50,"code":23407,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[19,23409,23410,23446,23450],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23411,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23413,23277],{"class":285},[57,23415,289],{"class":76},[57,23417,8629],{"class":67},[57,23419,939],{"class":938},[57,23421,5798],{"class":942},[57,23423,939],{"class":938},[57,23425,972],{"class":67},[57,23427,1449],{"class":938},[57,23429,23294],{"class":942},[57,23431,939],{"class":938},[57,23433,1081],{"class":67},[57,23435,1449],{"class":938},[57,23437,23303],{"class":942},[57,23439,939],{"class":938},[57,23441,972],{"class":67},[57,23443,23310],{"class":80},[57,23445,7446],{"class":67},[57,23447,23448],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23449,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,23451,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,23453,64],{"class":63},[57,23455,68],{"class":67},[57,23457,939],{"class":938},[57,23459,5798],{"class":942},[57,23461,939],{"class":938},[57,23463,19325],{"class":1990},[57,23465,23355],{"class":238},[57,23467,498],{"class":67},[57,23469,15072],{"class":238},[57,23471,5323],{"class":67},[15,23473,23474,23475,498],{},"This works and returns ",[19,23476,1709],{},[15,23478,23479],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[48,23481,23483],{"className":50,"code":23482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[19,23484,23485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23486,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23488,64],{"class":63},[57,23490,68],{"class":67},[57,23492,939],{"class":938},[57,23494,5798],{"class":942},[57,23496,939],{"class":938},[57,23498,19325],{"class":1990},[57,23500,23355],{"class":238},[57,23502,242],{"class":67},[15,23504,23505,23506,498],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[373,23507,19358],{"href":15302},[43,23509,23511],{"id":23510},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[15,23513,23514,23515,498],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[19,23516,15214],{},[616,23518,6587,23520,23522],{"id":23519},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[19,23521,15214],{}," to return key-value pairs",[15,23524,23525,23527],{},[19,23526,15214],{}," returns only the keys.",[15,23529,275],{},[48,23531,23533],{"className":50,"code":23532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[19,23534,23535,23571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23536,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23538,7302],{"class":285},[57,23540,289],{"class":76},[57,23542,8629],{"class":67},[57,23544,939],{"class":938},[57,23546,5798],{"class":942},[57,23548,939],{"class":938},[57,23550,972],{"class":67},[57,23552,1449],{"class":938},[57,23554,11025],{"class":942},[57,23556,939],{"class":938},[57,23558,1081],{"class":67},[57,23560,1449],{"class":938},[57,23562,7436],{"class":942},[57,23564,939],{"class":938},[57,23566,972],{"class":67},[57,23568,5921],{"class":80},[57,23570,7446],{"class":67},[57,23572,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23574,64],{"class":63},[57,23576,68],{"class":67},[57,23578,7341],{"class":238},[57,23580,498],{"class":67},[57,23582,15072],{"class":238},[57,23584,5323],{"class":67},[15,23586,23587],{},[1854,23588,131],{},[48,23590,23592],{"className":50,"code":23591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[19,23593,23594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23595,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23597,15163],{"class":238},[57,23599,1075],{"class":67},[57,23601,1395],{"class":938},[57,23603,5798],{"class":942},[57,23605,1395],{"class":938},[57,23607,1081],{"class":67},[57,23609,1390],{"class":938},[57,23611,7436],{"class":942},[57,23613,1395],{"class":938},[57,23615,2003],{"class":67},[15,23617,23618,23619,498],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[373,23620,23621],{"href":15224},[19,23622,15227],{},[616,23624,23626,23627],{"id":23625},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[19,23628,15163],{},[15,23630,23631],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[48,23633,23635],{"className":50,"code":23634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n",[19,23636,23637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23638,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23640,2015],{"class":67},[57,23642,1395],{"class":938},[57,23644,5798],{"class":942},[57,23646,1395],{"class":938},[57,23648,1081],{"class":67},[57,23650,1390],{"class":938},[57,23652,7436],{"class":942},[57,23654,1395],{"class":938},[57,23656,1742],{"class":67},[15,23658,23659,23660,23662],{},"But ",[19,23661,15214],{}," returns:",[48,23664,23665],{"className":50,"code":23591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,23666,23667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23668,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23670,15163],{"class":238},[57,23672,1075],{"class":67},[57,23674,1395],{"class":938},[57,23676,5798],{"class":942},[57,23678,1395],{"class":938},[57,23680,1081],{"class":67},[57,23682,1390],{"class":938},[57,23684,7436],{"class":942},[57,23686,1395],{"class":938},[57,23688,2003],{"class":67},[15,23690,23691],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[48,23693,23695],{"className":50,"code":23694,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[19,23696,23697,23733,23752,23756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23698,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23700,7302],{"class":285},[57,23702,289],{"class":76},[57,23704,8629],{"class":67},[57,23706,939],{"class":938},[57,23708,5798],{"class":942},[57,23710,939],{"class":938},[57,23712,972],{"class":67},[57,23714,1449],{"class":938},[57,23716,11025],{"class":942},[57,23718,939],{"class":938},[57,23720,1081],{"class":67},[57,23722,1449],{"class":938},[57,23724,7436],{"class":942},[57,23726,939],{"class":938},[57,23728,972],{"class":67},[57,23730,5921],{"class":80},[57,23732,7446],{"class":67},[57,23734,23735,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23736,23737],{"class":285},"key_list ",[57,23739,289],{"class":76},[57,23741,20712],{"class":990},[57,23743,68],{"class":67},[57,23745,7341],{"class":238},[57,23747,498],{"class":67},[57,23749,15072],{"class":238},[57,23751,5323],{"class":67},[57,23753,23754],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,23755,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,23757,23758,23760,23762,23765],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,23759,64],{"class":63},[57,23761,68],{"class":67},[57,23763,23764],{"class":238},"key_list",[57,23766,242],{"class":67},[616,23768,23770,23771,23773],{"id":23769},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[19,23772,15214],{}," on a list or string",[15,23775,23776,23778],{},[19,23777,15214],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[15,23780,920],{},[48,23782,23784],{"className":50,"code":23783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[19,23785,23786,23806],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23787,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23789,1724],{"class":285},[57,23791,289],{"class":76},[57,23793,1729],{"class":67},[57,23795,1078],{"class":80},[57,23797,1081],{"class":67},[57,23799,1084],{"class":80},[57,23801,1081],{"class":67},[57,23803,530],{"class":80},[57,23805,1742],{"class":67},[57,23807,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23809,64],{"class":63},[57,23811,68],{"class":67},[57,23813,1756],{"class":238},[57,23815,498],{"class":67},[57,23817,15072],{"class":238},[57,23819,5323],{"class":67},[15,23821,23822,23823,23826,23827,23829,23830,498],{},"You may get an ",[19,23824,23825],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[19,23828,15214],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[373,23831,23833,23834,23837],{"href":23832},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[19,23835,23836],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[616,23839,23841],{"id":23840},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[15,23843,23844],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[48,23846,23848],{"className":50,"code":23847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[19,23849,23850,23874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23851,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23853,7302],{"class":285},[57,23855,289],{"class":76},[57,23857,8629],{"class":67},[57,23859,939],{"class":938},[57,23861,5798],{"class":942},[57,23863,939],{"class":938},[57,23865,972],{"class":67},[57,23867,1449],{"class":938},[57,23869,11025],{"class":942},[57,23871,939],{"class":938},[57,23873,7446],{"class":67},[57,23875,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23877,64],{"class":63},[57,23879,68],{"class":67},[57,23881,7341],{"class":238},[57,23883,498],{"class":67},[57,23885,15072],{"class":22903},[57,23887,242],{"class":67},[15,23889,23890],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[15,23892,16845],{},[48,23894,23896],{"className":50,"code":23895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(data.keys())\n",[19,23897,23898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23899,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23901,64],{"class":63},[57,23903,68],{"class":67},[57,23905,7341],{"class":238},[57,23907,498],{"class":67},[57,23909,15072],{"class":238},[57,23911,5323],{"class":67},[43,23913,913],{"id":912},[15,23915,23916,23917,972],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[19,23918,15214],{},[27,23920,23921,23926,23932,23938],{},[30,23922,6551,23923,23925],{},[19,23924,15214],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[30,23927,23928,23929,23931],{},"Thinking ",[19,23930,15214],{}," returns values too",[30,23933,23934,23935,23937],{},"Trying to index ",[19,23936,15163],{}," like a normal list",[30,23939,23940,23941,23943],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[19,23942,15163],{}," to a list when needed",[15,23945,23946],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[48,23948,23950],{"className":50,"code":23949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[19,23951,23952,23984,23998,24002,24012],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23953,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23955,7302],{"class":285},[57,23957,289],{"class":76},[57,23959,8629],{"class":67},[57,23961,939],{"class":938},[57,23963,373],{"class":942},[57,23965,939],{"class":938},[57,23967,972],{"class":67},[57,23969,3622],{"class":80},[57,23971,1081],{"class":67},[57,23973,1449],{"class":938},[57,23975,2881],{"class":942},[57,23977,939],{"class":938},[57,23979,972],{"class":67},[57,23981,1084],{"class":80},[57,23983,7446],{"class":67},[57,23985,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,23987,15391],{"class":285},[57,23989,289],{"class":76},[57,23991,12713],{"class":285},[57,23993,498],{"class":67},[57,23995,15072],{"class":238},[57,23997,6778],{"class":67},[57,23999,24000],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,24001,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24003,24004,24006,24008,24010],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,24005,64],{"class":63},[57,24007,68],{"class":67},[57,24009,15072],{"class":238},[57,24011,242],{"class":67},[57,24013,24014],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,24015,24016],{"class":1772},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,24018,24019],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[48,24021,24023],{"className":50,"code":24022,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[19,24024,24025,24057,24075,24079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24026,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24028,7302],{"class":285},[57,24030,289],{"class":76},[57,24032,8629],{"class":67},[57,24034,939],{"class":938},[57,24036,373],{"class":942},[57,24038,939],{"class":938},[57,24040,972],{"class":67},[57,24042,3622],{"class":80},[57,24044,1081],{"class":67},[57,24046,1449],{"class":938},[57,24048,2881],{"class":942},[57,24050,939],{"class":938},[57,24052,972],{"class":67},[57,24054,1084],{"class":80},[57,24056,7446],{"class":67},[57,24058,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,24060,15391],{"class":285},[57,24062,289],{"class":76},[57,24064,20712],{"class":990},[57,24066,68],{"class":67},[57,24068,7341],{"class":238},[57,24070,498],{"class":67},[57,24072,15072],{"class":238},[57,24074,5323],{"class":67},[57,24076,24077],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,24078,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24080,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,24082,64],{"class":63},[57,24084,68],{"class":67},[57,24086,15072],{"class":238},[57,24088,2015],{"class":67},[57,24090,182],{"class":80},[57,24092,2003],{"class":67},[43,24094,24096],{"id":24095},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[15,24098,9253],{},[48,24100,24102],{"className":50,"code":24101,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[19,24103,24104,24118,24128,24142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24105,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24107,64],{"class":63},[57,24109,68],{"class":67},[57,24111,1315],{"class":990},[57,24113,68],{"class":67},[57,24115,9591],{"class":238},[57,24117,84],{"class":67},[57,24119,24120,24122,24124,24126],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,24121,64],{"class":63},[57,24123,68],{"class":67},[57,24125,9591],{"class":238},[57,24127,242],{"class":67},[57,24129,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,24131,64],{"class":63},[57,24133,68],{"class":67},[57,24135,9591],{"class":238},[57,24137,498],{"class":67},[57,24139,15072],{"class":238},[57,24141,5323],{"class":67},[57,24143,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,24145,64],{"class":63},[57,24147,68],{"class":67},[57,24149,6226],{"class":990},[57,24151,68],{"class":67},[57,24153,9591],{"class":238},[57,24155,498],{"class":67},[57,24157,15072],{"class":238},[57,24159,4416],{"class":67},[15,24161,24162],{},"These help you confirm:",[27,24164,24165,24168,24171,24176],{},[30,24166,24167],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[30,24169,24170],{},"what data it contains",[30,24172,24173,24174,9848],{},"what ",[19,24175,15214],{},[30,24177,24178],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[43,24180,1554],{"id":1553},[616,24182,22071,24184,3267],{"id":24183},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[19,24185,15214],{},[15,24187,15571,24188,24190],{},[19,24189,15163],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[616,24192,13050,24194,24197],{"id":24193},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[19,24195,24196],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[15,24199,24200,24201,24203,24204,498],{},"No. It returns a ",[19,24202,15163],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[19,24205,24206],{},"list(dict.keys())",[616,24208,24210,24211,572],{"id":24209},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[19,24212,24196],{},[15,24214,24215,24216,24218],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[19,24217,4083],{}," loop.",[616,24220,24222,24223,24225],{"id":24221},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[19,24224,15214],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[15,24227,24228,24229,24231],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[19,24230,15214],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[616,24233,24235],{"id":24234},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[15,24237,154,24238,498],{},[19,24239,24240],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[43,24242,1602],{"id":1601},[27,24244,24245,24250,24256,24262,24268,24272],{},[30,24246,24247],{},[373,24248,24249],{"href":7528},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[30,24251,24252],{},[373,24253,8876,24254,8880],{"href":15217},[19,24255,15220],{},[30,24257,24258],{},[373,24259,8876,24260,8880],{"href":15224},[19,24261,15227],{},[30,24263,24264],{},[373,24265,24267],{"href":24266},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[30,24269,24270],{},[373,24271,15303],{"href":15302},[30,24273,24274],{},[373,24275,24276,24277,23837],{"href":23832},"How to fix ",[19,24278,23836],{},[1634,24280,24281],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":24283},[24284,24285,24287,24288,24289,24290,24291,24293,24302,24303,24304,24315],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":22402,"depth":87,"text":24286},"What keys() does",{"id":3911,"depth":87,"text":3912},{"id":3554,"depth":87,"text":3555},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":23092,"depth":87,"text":23093},{"id":23248,"depth":87,"text":24292},"When to use keys()",{"id":23510,"depth":87,"text":23511,"children":24294},[24295,24297,24299,24301],{"id":23519,"depth":103,"text":24296},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":23625,"depth":103,"text":24298},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":23769,"depth":103,"text":24300},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":23840,"depth":103,"text":23841},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":24095,"depth":87,"text":24096},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":24305},[24306,24308,24310,24312,24314],{"id":24183,"depth":103,"text":24307},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":24193,"depth":103,"text":24309},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":24209,"depth":103,"text":24311},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":24221,"depth":103,"text":24313},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":24234,"depth":103,"text":24235},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":22224,"description":24316},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":24322,"title":24323,"body":24324,"description":26597,"extension":1666,"meta":26598,"navigation":317,"path":26599,"seo":26600,"stem":26601,"__hash__":26602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":8,"value":24325,"toc":26550},[24326,24331,24336,24339,24341,24487,24500,24505,24509,24523,24525,24628,24637,24639,24642,24680,24705,24707,24814,24816,24823,24826,24834,24836,24977,24985,24990,24994,25005,25007,25169,25172,25180,25187,25193,25290,25296,25373,25376,25388,25393,25399,25402,25406,25495,25498,25502,25606,25613,25700,25709,25711,25716,25722,25725,25771,25774,25840,25849,25855,25948,25954,25960,26003,26006,26071,26077,26169,26172,26176,26182,26207,26210,26306,26313,26315,26320,26411,26413,26441,26446,26448,26455,26458,26462,26472,26477,26480,26487,26497,26504,26512,26514,26547],[11,24327,9459,24329,9463],{"id":24328},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[19,24330,10907],{},[15,24332,24333,24335],{},[19,24334,10713],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[15,24337,24338],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[43,24340,1714],{"id":1713},[48,24342,24344],{"className":50,"code":24343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[19,24345,24346,24382,24406,24420,24433,24437,24442,24474],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24347,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24349,11350],{"class":285},[57,24351,289],{"class":76},[57,24353,8629],{"class":67},[57,24355,939],{"class":938},[57,24357,5798],{"class":942},[57,24359,939],{"class":938},[57,24361,972],{"class":67},[57,24363,1449],{"class":938},[57,24365,11025],{"class":942},[57,24367,939],{"class":938},[57,24369,1081],{"class":67},[57,24371,1449],{"class":938},[57,24373,7436],{"class":942},[57,24375,939],{"class":938},[57,24377,972],{"class":67},[57,24379,7443],{"class":80},[57,24381,7446],{"class":67},[57,24383,24384,24387,24389,24391,24393,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,24385,24386],{"class":285},"removed_age ",[57,24388,289],{"class":76},[57,24390,11393],{"class":285},[57,24392,498],{"class":67},[57,24394,24395],{"class":238},"pop",[57,24397,68],{"class":67},[57,24399,939],{"class":938},[57,24401,7436],{"class":942},[57,24403,939],{"class":938},[57,24405,242],{"class":67},[57,24407,24408,24410,24412,24415,24417],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,24409,64],{"class":63},[57,24411,68],{"class":67},[57,24413,24414],{"class":238},"removed_age",[57,24416,1769],{"class":67},[57,24418,24419],{"class":1772},"   # 25\n",[57,24421,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,24423,64],{"class":63},[57,24425,68],{"class":67},[57,24427,15456],{"class":238},[57,24429,1769],{"class":67},[57,24431,24432],{"class":1772},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[57,24434,24435],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,24436,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24438,24439],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,24440,24441],{"class":1772},"# Safe version with default value\n",[57,24443,24444,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24470,24472],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,24445,24446],{"class":285},"country ",[57,24448,289],{"class":76},[57,24450,11393],{"class":285},[57,24452,498],{"class":67},[57,24454,24395],{"class":238},[57,24456,68],{"class":67},[57,24458,939],{"class":938},[57,24460,13409],{"class":942},[57,24462,939],{"class":938},[57,24464,1081],{"class":67},[57,24466,1449],{"class":938},[57,24468,24469],{"class":942},"Not found",[57,24471,939],{"class":938},[57,24473,242],{"class":67},[57,24475,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,24477,64],{"class":63},[57,24479,68],{"class":67},[57,24481,13409],{"class":238},[57,24483,1769],{"class":67},[57,24485,24486],{"class":1772},"       # Not found\n",[15,24488,154,24489,24492,24493,24496,24497,24499],{},[19,24490,24491],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[19,24494,24495],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[19,24498,17838],{}," when the key might not exist.",[43,24501,1787,24503,1790],{"id":24502},"what-dictpop-does",[19,24504,10713],{},[15,24506,24507,972],{},[19,24508,10713],{},[27,24510,24511,24514,24517,24520],{},[30,24512,24513],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[30,24515,24516],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[30,24518,24519],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[30,24521,24522],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[15,24524,275],{},[48,24526,24528],{"className":50,"code":24527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[19,24529,24530,24570,24574,24597,24601,24615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24531,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24533,9630],{"class":285},[57,24535,289],{"class":76},[57,24537,8629],{"class":67},[57,24539,939],{"class":938},[57,24541,5798],{"class":942},[57,24543,939],{"class":938},[57,24545,972],{"class":67},[57,24547,1449],{"class":938},[57,24549,11367],{"class":942},[57,24551,939],{"class":938},[57,24553,1081],{"class":67},[57,24555,1449],{"class":938},[57,24557,8547],{"class":942},[57,24559,939],{"class":938},[57,24561,972],{"class":67},[57,24563,1449],{"class":938},[57,24565,8554],{"class":942},[57,24567,939],{"class":938},[57,24569,7446],{"class":67},[57,24571,24572],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,24573,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24575,24576,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,24577,24578],{"class":285},"removed_city ",[57,24580,289],{"class":76},[57,24582,9713],{"class":285},[57,24584,498],{"class":67},[57,24586,24395],{"class":238},[57,24588,68],{"class":67},[57,24590,939],{"class":938},[57,24592,8547],{"class":942},[57,24594,939],{"class":938},[57,24596,242],{"class":67},[57,24598,24599],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,24600,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24602,24603,24605,24607,24610,24612],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,24604,64],{"class":63},[57,24606,68],{"class":67},[57,24608,24609],{"class":238},"removed_city",[57,24611,1769],{"class":67},[57,24613,24614],{"class":1772},"  # Paris\n",[57,24616,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,24618,64],{"class":63},[57,24620,68],{"class":67},[57,24622,9724],{"class":238},[57,24624,1769],{"class":67},[57,24626,24627],{"class":1772},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,24629,18922,24630,24633,24634,498],{},[19,24631,24632],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[19,24635,24636],{},"\"Paris\"",[43,24638,221],{"id":220},[15,24640,24641],{},"There are two common forms:",[48,24643,24645],{"className":50,"code":24644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[19,24646,24647,24661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24648,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24650,9591],{"class":285},[57,24652,498],{"class":67},[57,24654,24395],{"class":238},[57,24656,68],{"class":67},[57,24658,12988],{"class":238},[57,24660,242],{"class":67},[57,24662,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24678],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,24664,9591],{"class":285},[57,24666,498],{"class":67},[57,24668,24395],{"class":238},[57,24670,68],{"class":67},[57,24672,12988],{"class":238},[57,24674,1081],{"class":67},[57,24676,24677],{"class":238}," default",[57,24679,242],{"class":67},[27,24681,24682,24688,24696,24702],{},[30,24683,24684,24687],{},[19,24685,24686],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[30,24689,24690,24692,24693,24695],{},[19,24691,24686],{}," raises ",[19,24694,17838],{}," if the key is missing",[30,24697,24698,24701],{},[19,24699,24700],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[30,24703,24704],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[15,24706,275],{},[48,24708,24710],{"className":50,"code":24709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[19,24711,24712,24744,24748,24773,24801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24713,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24715,3185],{"class":285},[57,24717,289],{"class":76},[57,24719,8629],{"class":67},[57,24721,939],{"class":938},[57,24723,16567],{"class":942},[57,24725,939],{"class":938},[57,24727,972],{"class":67},[57,24729,18049],{"class":80},[57,24731,1081],{"class":67},[57,24733,1449],{"class":938},[57,24735,16576],{"class":942},[57,24737,939],{"class":938},[57,24739,972],{"class":67},[57,24741,11653],{"class":80},[57,24743,7446],{"class":67},[57,24745,24746],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,24747,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24749,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,24751,64],{"class":63},[57,24753,68],{"class":67},[57,24755,14537],{"class":238},[57,24757,498],{"class":67},[57,24759,24395],{"class":238},[57,24761,68],{"class":67},[57,24763,939],{"class":938},[57,24765,16567],{"class":942},[57,24767,939],{"class":938},[57,24769,3485],{"class":67},[57,24771,24772],{"class":1772},"         # 90\n",[57,24774,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,24776,64],{"class":63},[57,24778,68],{"class":67},[57,24780,14537],{"class":238},[57,24782,498],{"class":67},[57,24784,24395],{"class":238},[57,24786,68],{"class":67},[57,24788,939],{"class":938},[57,24790,16585],{"class":942},[57,24792,939],{"class":938},[57,24794,1081],{"class":67},[57,24796,1946],{"class":80},[57,24798,3485],{"class":67},[57,24800,18919],{"class":1772},[57,24802,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,24804,64],{"class":63},[57,24806,68],{"class":67},[57,24808,14537],{"class":238},[57,24810,1769],{"class":67},[57,24812,24813],{"class":1772},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[43,24815,15568],{"id":15567},[15,24817,24818,12200,24820,24822],{},[19,24819,10907],{},[1854,24821,2750],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[15,24824,24825],{},"Instead, it returns:",[27,24827,24828,24831],{},[30,24829,24830],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[30,24832,24833],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[15,24835,275],{},[48,24837,24839],{"className":50,"code":24838,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[19,24840,24841,24873,24877,24900,24932,24936,24950,24964],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24842,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24844,7302],{"class":285},[57,24846,289],{"class":76},[57,24848,8629],{"class":67},[57,24850,939],{"class":938},[57,24852,373],{"class":942},[57,24854,939],{"class":938},[57,24856,972],{"class":67},[57,24858,4130],{"class":80},[57,24860,1081],{"class":67},[57,24862,1449],{"class":938},[57,24864,2881],{"class":942},[57,24866,939],{"class":938},[57,24868,972],{"class":67},[57,24870,5921],{"class":80},[57,24872,7446],{"class":67},[57,24874,24875],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,24876,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24878,24879,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,24880,24881],{"class":285},"result1 ",[57,24883,289],{"class":76},[57,24885,12713],{"class":285},[57,24887,498],{"class":67},[57,24889,24395],{"class":238},[57,24891,68],{"class":67},[57,24893,939],{"class":938},[57,24895,373],{"class":942},[57,24897,939],{"class":938},[57,24899,242],{"class":67},[57,24901,24902,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24928,24930],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,24903,24904],{"class":285},"result2 ",[57,24906,289],{"class":76},[57,24908,12713],{"class":285},[57,24910,498],{"class":67},[57,24912,24395],{"class":238},[57,24914,68],{"class":67},[57,24916,939],{"class":938},[57,24918,7877],{"class":942},[57,24920,939],{"class":938},[57,24922,1081],{"class":67},[57,24924,1449],{"class":938},[57,24926,24927],{"class":942},"missing",[57,24929,939],{"class":938},[57,24931,242],{"class":67},[57,24933,24934],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,24935,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,24937,24938,24940,24942,24945,24947],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,24939,64],{"class":63},[57,24941,68],{"class":67},[57,24943,24944],{"class":238},"result1",[57,24946,1769],{"class":67},[57,24948,24949],{"class":1772},"  # 10\n",[57,24951,24952,24954,24956,24959,24961],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,24953,64],{"class":63},[57,24955,68],{"class":67},[57,24957,24958],{"class":238},"result2",[57,24960,1769],{"class":67},[57,24962,24963],{"class":1772},"  # missing\n",[57,24965,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,24967,64],{"class":63},[57,24969,68],{"class":67},[57,24971,7341],{"class":238},[57,24973,1769],{"class":67},[57,24975,24976],{"class":1772},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,24978,24979,24980,4759],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[373,24981,24982],{"href":8875},[19,24983,24984],{},"dict.get()",[43,24986,3082,24988],{"id":24987},"when-to-use-pop",[19,24989,10907],{},[15,24991,154,24992,8740],{},[19,24993,10907],{},[27,24995,24996,24999,25002],{},[30,24997,24998],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[30,25000,25001],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[30,25003,25004],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[15,25006,275],{},[48,25008,25010],{"className":50,"code":25009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[19,25011,25012,25064,25068,25095,25099,25123,25127,25141,25155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25013,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25048,25050,25052,25055,25057,25059,25062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25015,23277],{"class":285},[57,25017,289],{"class":76},[57,25019,8629],{"class":67},[57,25021,939],{"class":938},[57,25023,5798],{"class":942},[57,25025,939],{"class":938},[57,25027,972],{"class":67},[57,25029,1449],{"class":938},[57,25031,25032],{"class":942},"Laptop",[57,25034,939],{"class":938},[57,25036,1081],{"class":67},[57,25038,1449],{"class":938},[57,25040,23303],{"class":942},[57,25042,939],{"class":938},[57,25044,972],{"class":67},[57,25046,25047],{"class":80}," 1200",[57,25049,1081],{"class":67},[57,25051,1449],{"class":938},[57,25053,25054],{"class":942},"discount",[57,25056,939],{"class":938},[57,25058,972],{"class":67},[57,25060,25061],{"class":80}," 200",[57,25063,7446],{"class":67},[57,25065,25066],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25067,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25069,25070,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25071,25072],{"class":285},"discount_amount ",[57,25074,289],{"class":76},[57,25076,23355],{"class":285},[57,25078,498],{"class":67},[57,25080,24395],{"class":238},[57,25082,68],{"class":67},[57,25084,939],{"class":938},[57,25086,25054],{"class":942},[57,25088,939],{"class":938},[57,25090,1081],{"class":67},[57,25092,1946],{"class":80},[57,25094,242],{"class":67},[57,25096,25097],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,25098,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25100,25101,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,25102,25103],{"class":285},"final_price ",[57,25105,289],{"class":76},[57,25107,23355],{"class":285},[57,25109,2015],{"class":67},[57,25111,939],{"class":938},[57,25113,23303],{"class":942},[57,25115,939],{"class":938},[57,25117,11419],{"class":67},[57,25119,292],{"class":76},[57,25121,25122],{"class":285}," discount_amount\n",[57,25124,25125],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,25126,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25128,25129,25131,25133,25136,25138],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,25130,64],{"class":63},[57,25132,68],{"class":67},[57,25134,25135],{"class":238},"discount_amount",[57,25137,1769],{"class":67},[57,25139,25140],{"class":1772},"  # 200\n",[57,25142,25143,25145,25147,25150,25152],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,25144,64],{"class":63},[57,25146,68],{"class":67},[57,25148,25149],{"class":238},"final_price",[57,25151,1769],{"class":67},[57,25153,25154],{"class":1772},"      # 1000\n",[57,25156,25157,25159,25161,25164,25166],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,25158,64],{"class":63},[57,25160,68],{"class":67},[57,25162,25163],{"class":238},"product",[57,25165,1769],{"class":67},[57,25167,25168],{"class":1772},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,25170,25171],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[43,25173,25175,8724,25177],{"id":25174},"pop-vs-del",[19,25176,10907],{},[19,25178,25179],{},"del",[15,25181,8729,25182,2511,25184,25186],{},[19,25183,10907],{},[19,25185,25179],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[616,25188,154,25190,25192],{"id":25189},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[19,25191,10907],{}," when you need the removed value",[48,25194,25196],{"className":50,"code":25195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[19,25197,25198,25234,25238,25260,25264,25277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25199,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25201,11350],{"class":285},[57,25203,289],{"class":76},[57,25205,8629],{"class":67},[57,25207,939],{"class":938},[57,25209,5798],{"class":942},[57,25211,939],{"class":938},[57,25213,972],{"class":67},[57,25215,1449],{"class":938},[57,25217,11025],{"class":942},[57,25219,939],{"class":938},[57,25221,1081],{"class":67},[57,25223,1449],{"class":938},[57,25225,7436],{"class":942},[57,25227,939],{"class":938},[57,25229,972],{"class":67},[57,25231,7443],{"class":80},[57,25233,7446],{"class":67},[57,25235,25236],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25237,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25239,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25241,19780],{"class":285},[57,25243,289],{"class":76},[57,25245,11393],{"class":285},[57,25247,498],{"class":67},[57,25249,24395],{"class":238},[57,25251,68],{"class":67},[57,25253,939],{"class":938},[57,25255,7436],{"class":942},[57,25257,939],{"class":938},[57,25259,242],{"class":67},[57,25261,25262],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,25263,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25265,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,25267,64],{"class":63},[57,25269,68],{"class":67},[57,25271,7436],{"class":238},[57,25273,1769],{"class":67},[57,25275,25276],{"class":1772},"     # 25\n",[57,25278,25279,25281,25283,25285,25287],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,25280,64],{"class":63},[57,25282,68],{"class":67},[57,25284,15456],{"class":238},[57,25286,1769],{"class":67},[57,25288,25289],{"class":1772},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[616,25291,154,25293,25295],{"id":25292},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[19,25294,25179],{}," when you only want deletion",[48,25297,25299],{"className":50,"code":25298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[19,25300,25301,25337,25341,25357,25361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25302,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25304,11350],{"class":285},[57,25306,289],{"class":76},[57,25308,8629],{"class":67},[57,25310,939],{"class":938},[57,25312,5798],{"class":942},[57,25314,939],{"class":938},[57,25316,972],{"class":67},[57,25318,1449],{"class":938},[57,25320,11025],{"class":942},[57,25322,939],{"class":938},[57,25324,1081],{"class":67},[57,25326,1449],{"class":938},[57,25328,7436],{"class":942},[57,25330,939],{"class":938},[57,25332,972],{"class":67},[57,25334,7443],{"class":80},[57,25336,7446],{"class":67},[57,25338,25339],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25340,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25342,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25344,25179],{"class":1990},[57,25346,11393],{"class":285},[57,25348,2015],{"class":67},[57,25350,939],{"class":938},[57,25352,7436],{"class":942},[57,25354,939],{"class":938},[57,25356,1742],{"class":67},[57,25358,25359],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,25360,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25362,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,25364,64],{"class":63},[57,25366,68],{"class":67},[57,25368,15456],{"class":238},[57,25370,1769],{"class":67},[57,25372,25289],{"class":1772},[15,25374,25375],{},"Difference:",[27,25377,25378,25383],{},[30,25379,25380,25382],{},[19,25381,10907],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[30,25384,25385,25387],{},[19,25386,25179],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[15,25389,25390,25391,498],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[373,25392,10718],{"href":10717},[43,25394,25396,25397],{"id":25395},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[19,25398,17838],{},[15,25400,25401],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[616,25403,25405],{"id":25404},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[48,25407,25409],{"className":50,"code":25408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[19,25410,25411,25436,25440,25466,25470,25482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25412,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429,25432,25434],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25414,9867],{"class":285},[57,25416,289],{"class":76},[57,25418,8629],{"class":67},[57,25420,939],{"class":938},[57,25422,5798],{"class":942},[57,25424,939],{"class":938},[57,25426,972],{"class":67},[57,25428,1449],{"class":938},[57,25430,25431],{"class":942},"Sara",[57,25433,939],{"class":938},[57,25435,7446],{"class":67},[57,25437,25438],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25439,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25441,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25443,525],{"class":285},[57,25445,289],{"class":76},[57,25447,9909],{"class":285},[57,25449,498],{"class":67},[57,25451,24395],{"class":238},[57,25453,68],{"class":67},[57,25455,939],{"class":938},[57,25457,7436],{"class":942},[57,25459,939],{"class":938},[57,25461,1081],{"class":67},[57,25463,1966],{"class":1965},[57,25465,242],{"class":67},[57,25467,25468],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,25469,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25471,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,25473,64],{"class":63},[57,25475,68],{"class":67},[57,25477,552],{"class":238},[57,25479,1769],{"class":67},[57,25481,18712],{"class":1772},[57,25483,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,25485,64],{"class":63},[57,25487,68],{"class":67},[57,25489,9591],{"class":238},[57,25491,1769],{"class":67},[57,25493,25494],{"class":1772}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,25496,25497],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[616,25499,25501],{"id":25500},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[48,25503,25505],{"className":50,"code":25504,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[19,25506,25507,25531,25535,25551,25574,25584,25591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25508,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25510,9867],{"class":285},[57,25512,289],{"class":76},[57,25514,8629],{"class":67},[57,25516,939],{"class":938},[57,25518,5798],{"class":942},[57,25520,939],{"class":938},[57,25522,972],{"class":67},[57,25524,1449],{"class":938},[57,25526,25431],{"class":942},[57,25528,939],{"class":938},[57,25530,7446],{"class":67},[57,25532,25533],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25534,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25536,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25538,5126],{"class":1990},[57,25540,1449],{"class":938},[57,25542,7436],{"class":942},[57,25544,939],{"class":938},[57,25546,19325],{"class":76},[57,25548,9909],{"class":285},[57,25550,4520],{"class":67},[57,25552,25553,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,25554,25555],{"class":285},"    value ",[57,25557,289],{"class":76},[57,25559,9909],{"class":285},[57,25561,498],{"class":67},[57,25563,24395],{"class":238},[57,25565,68],{"class":67},[57,25567,939],{"class":938},[57,25569,7436],{"class":942},[57,25571,939],{"class":938},[57,25573,242],{"class":67},[57,25575,25576,25578,25580,25582],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,25577,6201],{"class":63},[57,25579,68],{"class":67},[57,25581,552],{"class":238},[57,25583,242],{"class":67},[57,25585,25586,25589],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,25587,25588],{"class":1990},"else",[57,25590,4520],{"class":67},[57,25592,25593,25595,25597,25599,25602,25604],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,25594,6201],{"class":63},[57,25596,68],{"class":67},[57,25598,939],{"class":938},[57,25600,25601],{"class":942},"Key not found",[57,25603,939],{"class":938},[57,25605,242],{"class":67},[616,25607,25609,25610,25612],{"id":25608},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[19,25611,8879],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[48,25614,25616],{"className":50,"code":25615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[19,25617,25618,25642,25646,25672,25676,25688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25619,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25621,9867],{"class":285},[57,25623,289],{"class":76},[57,25625,8629],{"class":67},[57,25627,939],{"class":938},[57,25629,5798],{"class":942},[57,25631,939],{"class":938},[57,25633,972],{"class":67},[57,25635,1449],{"class":938},[57,25637,25431],{"class":942},[57,25639,939],{"class":938},[57,25641,7446],{"class":67},[57,25643,25644],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25645,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25647,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25649,525],{"class":285},[57,25651,289],{"class":76},[57,25653,9909],{"class":285},[57,25655,498],{"class":67},[57,25657,17901],{"class":238},[57,25659,68],{"class":67},[57,25661,939],{"class":938},[57,25663,7436],{"class":942},[57,25665,939],{"class":938},[57,25667,1081],{"class":67},[57,25669,1966],{"class":1965},[57,25671,242],{"class":67},[57,25673,25674],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,25675,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25677,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,25679,64],{"class":63},[57,25681,68],{"class":67},[57,25683,552],{"class":238},[57,25685,1769],{"class":67},[57,25687,18712],{"class":1772},[57,25689,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,25691,64],{"class":63},[57,25693,68],{"class":67},[57,25695,9591],{"class":238},[57,25697,1769],{"class":67},[57,25699,25494],{"class":1772},[15,25701,154,25702,25706,25707,498],{},[373,25703,25704],{"href":8875},[19,25705,24984],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[373,25708,9403],{"href":9214},[43,25710,2637],{"id":2636},[15,25712,25713,25714,498],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[19,25715,10713],{},[616,25717,23928,25719,25721],{"id":25718},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[19,25720,10907],{}," removes by position like a list",[15,25723,25724],{},"Lists use indexes:",[48,25726,25728],{"className":50,"code":25727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[19,25729,25730,25750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25731,25732,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25733,1724],{"class":285},[57,25735,289],{"class":76},[57,25737,1729],{"class":67},[57,25739,407],{"class":80},[57,25741,1081],{"class":67},[57,25743,5921],{"class":80},[57,25745,1081],{"class":67},[57,25747,5926],{"class":80},[57,25749,1742],{"class":67},[57,25751,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766,25768],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25753,64],{"class":63},[57,25755,68],{"class":67},[57,25757,1756],{"class":238},[57,25759,498],{"class":67},[57,25761,24395],{"class":238},[57,25763,68],{"class":67},[57,25765,1078],{"class":80},[57,25767,3485],{"class":67},[57,25769,25770],{"class":1772},"  # 20\n",[15,25772,25773],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[48,25775,25777],{"className":50,"code":25776,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[19,25778,25779,25815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25780,25781,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25782,11350],{"class":285},[57,25784,289],{"class":76},[57,25786,8629],{"class":67},[57,25788,939],{"class":938},[57,25790,5798],{"class":942},[57,25792,939],{"class":938},[57,25794,972],{"class":67},[57,25796,1449],{"class":938},[57,25798,11025],{"class":942},[57,25800,939],{"class":938},[57,25802,1081],{"class":67},[57,25804,1449],{"class":938},[57,25806,7436],{"class":942},[57,25808,939],{"class":938},[57,25810,972],{"class":67},[57,25812,7443],{"class":80},[57,25814,7446],{"class":67},[57,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25818,64],{"class":63},[57,25820,68],{"class":67},[57,25822,15456],{"class":238},[57,25824,498],{"class":67},[57,25826,24395],{"class":238},[57,25828,68],{"class":67},[57,25830,939],{"class":938},[57,25832,7436],{"class":942},[57,25834,939],{"class":938},[57,25836,3485],{"class":67},[57,25838,25839],{"class":1772},"  # 25\n",[15,25841,25842,25843,25845,25846,25848],{},"A dictionary does ",[1854,25844,2750],{}," use positions with ",[19,25847,10907],{},". It uses keys.",[616,25850,2824,25852,25854],{"id":25851},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[19,25853,10907],{}," changes the original dictionary",[48,25856,25858],{"className":50,"code":25857,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[19,25859,25860,25892,25896,25918,25922,25935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25861,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25863,7302],{"class":285},[57,25865,289],{"class":76},[57,25867,8629],{"class":67},[57,25869,939],{"class":938},[57,25871,239],{"class":942},[57,25873,939],{"class":938},[57,25875,972],{"class":67},[57,25877,3622],{"class":80},[57,25879,1081],{"class":67},[57,25881,1449],{"class":938},[57,25883,9888],{"class":942},[57,25885,939],{"class":938},[57,25887,972],{"class":67},[57,25889,1084],{"class":80},[57,25891,7446],{"class":67},[57,25893,25894],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25895,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25897,25898,25900,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910,25912,25914,25916],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25899,525],{"class":285},[57,25901,289],{"class":76},[57,25903,12713],{"class":285},[57,25905,498],{"class":67},[57,25907,24395],{"class":238},[57,25909,68],{"class":67},[57,25911,939],{"class":938},[57,25913,239],{"class":942},[57,25915,939],{"class":938},[57,25917,242],{"class":67},[57,25919,25920],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,25921,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25923,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,25925,64],{"class":63},[57,25927,68],{"class":67},[57,25929,552],{"class":238},[57,25931,1769],{"class":67},[57,25933,25934],{"class":1772},"  # 1\n",[57,25936,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,25938,64],{"class":63},[57,25940,68],{"class":67},[57,25942,7341],{"class":238},[57,25944,1769],{"class":67},[57,25946,25947],{"class":1772},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,25949,25950,25951,25953],{},"After ",[19,25952,10907],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[616,25955,6551,25957,25959],{"id":25956},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[19,25958,10907],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[48,25961,25963],{"className":50,"code":25962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[19,25964,25965,25989,25993,25998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25966,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25968,7302],{"class":285},[57,25970,289],{"class":76},[57,25972,8629],{"class":67},[57,25974,939],{"class":938},[57,25976,5798],{"class":942},[57,25978,939],{"class":938},[57,25980,972],{"class":67},[57,25982,1449],{"class":938},[57,25984,6053],{"class":942},[57,25986,939],{"class":938},[57,25988,7446],{"class":67},[57,25990,25991],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,25992,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,25994,25995],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,25996,25997],{"class":1772},"# This causes an error\n",[57,25999,26000],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,26001,26002],{"class":1772},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,26004,26005],{},"Safer version:",[48,26007,26009],{"className":50,"code":26008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[19,26010,26011,26035,26039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26012,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26014,7302],{"class":285},[57,26016,289],{"class":76},[57,26018,8629],{"class":67},[57,26020,939],{"class":938},[57,26022,5798],{"class":942},[57,26024,939],{"class":938},[57,26026,972],{"class":67},[57,26028,1449],{"class":938},[57,26030,6053],{"class":942},[57,26032,939],{"class":938},[57,26034,7446],{"class":67},[57,26036,26037],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,26038,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,26040,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,26042,64],{"class":63},[57,26044,68],{"class":67},[57,26046,7341],{"class":238},[57,26048,498],{"class":67},[57,26050,24395],{"class":238},[57,26052,68],{"class":67},[57,26054,939],{"class":938},[57,26056,7436],{"class":942},[57,26058,939],{"class":938},[57,26060,1081],{"class":67},[57,26062,1449],{"class":938},[57,26064,24927],{"class":942},[57,26066,939],{"class":938},[57,26068,3485],{"class":67},[57,26070,24963],{"class":1772},[616,26072,6587,26074,26076],{"id":26073},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[19,26075,10907],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[48,26078,26080],{"className":50,"code":26079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[19,26081,26082,26114,26118,26140,26144,26156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26083,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26085,7302],{"class":285},[57,26087,289],{"class":76},[57,26089,8629],{"class":67},[57,26091,939],{"class":938},[57,26093,373],{"class":942},[57,26095,939],{"class":938},[57,26097,972],{"class":67},[57,26099,3622],{"class":80},[57,26101,1081],{"class":67},[57,26103,1449],{"class":938},[57,26105,2881],{"class":942},[57,26107,939],{"class":938},[57,26109,972],{"class":67},[57,26111,1084],{"class":80},[57,26113,7446],{"class":67},[57,26115,26116],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,26117,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,26119,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,26121,300],{"class":285},[57,26123,289],{"class":76},[57,26125,12713],{"class":285},[57,26127,498],{"class":67},[57,26129,24395],{"class":238},[57,26131,68],{"class":67},[57,26133,939],{"class":938},[57,26135,373],{"class":942},[57,26137,939],{"class":938},[57,26139,242],{"class":67},[57,26141,26142],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,26143,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,26145,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,26147,64],{"class":63},[57,26149,68],{"class":67},[57,26151,339],{"class":238},[57,26153,1769],{"class":67},[57,26155,25934],{"class":1772},[57,26157,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,26159,64],{"class":63},[57,26161,68],{"class":67},[57,26163,7341],{"class":238},[57,26165,1769],{"class":67},[57,26167,26168],{"class":1772},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,26170,26171],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[43,26173,26175],{"id":26174},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[15,26177,26178,26179,26181],{},"Problems with ",[19,26180,10713],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[27,26183,26184,26187,26196,26199],{},[30,26185,26186],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[30,26188,26189,26190,26193,26194],{},"Mixing up list ",[19,26191,26192],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[19,26195,24491],{},[30,26197,26198],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[30,26200,26201,26202,9232,26204],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[19,26203,1078],{},[19,26205,26206],{},"\"1\"",[15,26208,26209],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[48,26211,26213],{"className":50,"code":26212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[19,26214,26215,26239,26243,26273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26216,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26218,7302],{"class":285},[57,26220,289],{"class":76},[57,26222,8629],{"class":67},[57,26224,939],{"class":938},[57,26226,1078],{"class":942},[57,26228,939],{"class":938},[57,26230,972],{"class":67},[57,26232,1449],{"class":938},[57,26234,4713],{"class":942},[57,26236,939],{"class":938},[57,26238,7446],{"class":67},[57,26240,26241],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,26242,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,26244,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26266,26268,26270],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,26246,64],{"class":63},[57,26248,68],{"class":67},[57,26250,7341],{"class":238},[57,26252,498],{"class":67},[57,26254,24395],{"class":238},[57,26256,68],{"class":67},[57,26258,1078],{"class":80},[57,26260,1081],{"class":67},[57,26262,1449],{"class":938},[57,26264,26265],{"class":942},"not found",[57,26267,939],{"class":938},[57,26269,3485],{"class":67},[57,26271,26272],{"class":1772},"    # not found\n",[57,26274,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,26276,64],{"class":63},[57,26278,68],{"class":67},[57,26280,7341],{"class":238},[57,26282,498],{"class":67},[57,26284,24395],{"class":238},[57,26286,68],{"class":67},[57,26288,939],{"class":938},[57,26290,1078],{"class":942},[57,26292,939],{"class":938},[57,26294,1081],{"class":67},[57,26296,1449],{"class":938},[57,26298,26265],{"class":942},[57,26300,939],{"class":938},[57,26302,3485],{"class":67},[57,26304,26305],{"class":1772},"  # one\n",[15,26307,26308,2511,26310,26312],{},[19,26309,1078],{},[19,26311,26206],{}," are different keys.",[43,26314,7008],{"id":7007},[15,26316,7011,26317,26319],{},[19,26318,10907],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,26321,26323],{"className":50,"code":26322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[19,26324,26325,26335,26349,26367,26397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26326,26327,26329,26331,26333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26328,64],{"class":63},[57,26330,68],{"class":67},[57,26332,9591],{"class":238},[57,26334,242],{"class":67},[57,26336,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,26338,64],{"class":63},[57,26340,68],{"class":67},[57,26342,9591],{"class":238},[57,26344,498],{"class":67},[57,26346,15072],{"class":238},[57,26348,5323],{"class":67},[57,26350,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,26352,64],{"class":63},[57,26354,68],{"class":67},[57,26356,1395],{"class":938},[57,26358,5798],{"class":942},[57,26360,1395],{"class":938},[57,26362,19325],{"class":1990},[57,26364,9909],{"class":238},[57,26366,242],{"class":67},[57,26368,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,26370,64],{"class":63},[57,26372,68],{"class":67},[57,26374,9591],{"class":238},[57,26376,498],{"class":67},[57,26378,24395],{"class":238},[57,26380,68],{"class":67},[57,26382,1395],{"class":938},[57,26384,5798],{"class":942},[57,26386,1395],{"class":938},[57,26388,1081],{"class":67},[57,26390,1390],{"class":938},[57,26392,24927],{"class":942},[57,26394,1395],{"class":938},[57,26396,84],{"class":67},[57,26398,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,26400,64],{"class":63},[57,26402,68],{"class":67},[57,26404,1315],{"class":990},[57,26406,68],{"class":67},[57,26408,9591],{"class":238},[57,26410,84],{"class":67},[15,26412,19488],{},[27,26414,26415,26420,26425,26430,26436],{},[30,26416,26417,26419],{},[19,26418,10823],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[30,26421,26422,26424],{},[19,26423,19500],{}," shows all available keys",[30,26426,26427,26429],{},[19,26428,19506],{}," checks whether a key exists",[30,26431,26432,26435],{},[19,26433,26434],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[30,26437,26438,26440],{},[19,26439,10829],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[15,26442,26443,26444,498],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[373,26445,7529],{"href":7528},[43,26447,1554],{"id":1553},[616,26449,26451,26452,26454],{"id":26450},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[19,26453,10907],{}," return the key or the value?",[15,26456,26457],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[616,26459,26461],{"id":26460},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[15,26463,26464,24692,26466,26468,26469,26471],{},[19,26465,24491],{},[19,26467,17838],{},". ",[19,26470,24495],{}," returns the default value instead.",[616,26473,10848,26475,13043],{"id":26474},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[19,26476,10907],{},[15,26478,26479],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[616,26481,26483,26484,26486],{"id":26482},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[19,26485,10907],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[15,26488,26489,26490,26492,26493,498],{},"Not with ",[19,26491,10713],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[373,26494,26495],{"href":10724},[19,26496,10914],{},[616,26498,3302,26500,2511,26502,572],{"id":26499},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[19,26501,8879],{},[19,26503,10907],{},[15,26505,26506,26508,26509,26511],{},[19,26507,8879],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[19,26510,10907],{}," reads and removes it.",[43,26513,1602],{"id":1601},[27,26515,26516,26522,26529,26533,26537,26541],{},[30,26517,26518],{},[373,26519,26520],{"href":8875},[19,26521,17819],{},[30,26523,26524],{},[373,26525,26526],{"href":10724},[19,26527,26528],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[30,26530,26531],{},[373,26532,10931],{"href":10717},[30,26534,26535],{},[373,26536,19609],{"href":14745},[30,26538,26539],{},[373,26540,9403],{"href":9214},[30,26542,26543],{},[373,26544,26546],{"href":26545},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1634,26548,26549],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":26551},[26552,26553,26555,26556,26557,26559,26566,26573,26583,26584,26585,26596],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":24502,"depth":87,"text":26554},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":24987,"depth":87,"text":26558},"When to use pop()",{"id":25174,"depth":87,"text":26560,"children":26561},"pop() vs del",[26562,26564],{"id":25189,"depth":103,"text":26563},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":25292,"depth":103,"text":26565},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":25395,"depth":87,"text":26567,"children":26568},"How to avoid KeyError",[26569,26570,26571],{"id":25404,"depth":103,"text":25405},{"id":25500,"depth":103,"text":25501},{"id":25608,"depth":103,"text":26572},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":26574},[26575,26577,26579,26581],{"id":25718,"depth":103,"text":26576},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":25851,"depth":103,"text":26578},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":25956,"depth":103,"text":26580},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":26073,"depth":103,"text":26582},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":26174,"depth":87,"text":26175},{"id":7007,"depth":87,"text":7008},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":26586},[26587,26589,26590,26592,26594],{"id":26450,"depth":103,"text":26588},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":26460,"depth":103,"text":26461},{"id":26474,"depth":103,"text":26591},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":26482,"depth":103,"text":26593},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":26499,"depth":103,"text":26595},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":24323,"description":26597},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":26604,"title":26528,"body":26605,"description":28545,"extension":1666,"meta":28546,"navigation":317,"path":28547,"seo":28548,"stem":28549,"__hash__":28550},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":8,"value":26606,"toc":28509},[26607,26612,26617,26620,26628,26638,26640,26729,26733,26782,26787,26792,26796,26812,26815,26817,26832,26834,26850,26857,26861,26867,26876,26878,26947,26951,26972,26975,26994,26997,27020,27022,27025,27140,27144,27203,27210,27214,27220,27345,27349,27399,27402,27406,27413,27415,27478,27482,27503,27506,27515,27530,27538,27545,27549,27561,27565,27576,27578,27724,27728,27787,27794,27799,27803,27809,27832,27837,27856,27860,27931,27938,28011,28020,28025,28030,28041,28044,28181,28186,28218,28223,28225,28229,28289,28292,28349,28352,28395,28397,28402,28408,28414,28417,28424,28432,28437,28440,28447,28455,28457,28506],[11,26608,9459,26610,9463],{"id":26609},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[19,26611,10914],{},[15,26613,17,26614,26616],{},[19,26615,10914],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[15,26618,26619],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[27,26621,26622,26625],{},[30,26623,26624],{},"remove an item",[30,26626,26627],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[15,26629,26630,26631,26633,26634,26637],{},"In modern Python, ",[19,26632,10914],{}," removes the ",[1854,26635,26636],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[43,26639,46],{"id":45},[48,26641,26643],{"className":50,"code":26642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[19,26644,26645,26689,26705,26709,26719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26646,26647,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26648,7302],{"class":285},[57,26650,289],{"class":76},[57,26652,8629],{"class":67},[57,26654,939],{"class":938},[57,26656,373],{"class":942},[57,26658,939],{"class":938},[57,26660,972],{"class":67},[57,26662,3622],{"class":80},[57,26664,1081],{"class":67},[57,26666,1449],{"class":938},[57,26668,2881],{"class":942},[57,26670,939],{"class":938},[57,26672,972],{"class":67},[57,26674,1084],{"class":80},[57,26676,1081],{"class":67},[57,26678,1449],{"class":938},[57,26680,7877],{"class":942},[57,26682,939],{"class":938},[57,26684,972],{"class":67},[57,26686,530],{"class":80},[57,26688,7446],{"class":67},[57,26690,26691,26694,26696,26698,26700,26703],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,26692,26693],{"class":285},"item ",[57,26695,289],{"class":76},[57,26697,12713],{"class":285},[57,26699,498],{"class":67},[57,26701,26702],{"class":238},"popitem",[57,26704,6778],{"class":67},[57,26706,26707],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,26708,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,26710,26711,26713,26715,26717],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,26712,64],{"class":63},[57,26714,68],{"class":67},[57,26716,21463],{"class":238},[57,26718,242],{"class":67},[57,26720,26721,26723,26725,26727],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,26722,64],{"class":63},[57,26724,68],{"class":67},[57,26726,7341],{"class":238},[57,26728,242],{"class":67},[15,26730,26731],{},[1854,26732,131],{},[48,26734,26736],{"className":50,"code":26735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[19,26737,26738,26754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26739,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26741,68],{"class":67},[57,26743,1395],{"class":938},[57,26745,7877],{"class":942},[57,26747,1395],{"class":938},[57,26749,1081],{"class":67},[57,26751,530],{"class":80},[57,26753,242],{"class":67},[57,26755,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,26757,7415],{"class":67},[57,26759,1395],{"class":938},[57,26761,373],{"class":942},[57,26763,1395],{"class":938},[57,26765,972],{"class":67},[57,26767,3622],{"class":80},[57,26769,1081],{"class":67},[57,26771,1390],{"class":938},[57,26773,2881],{"class":942},[57,26775,1395],{"class":938},[57,26777,972],{"class":67},[57,26779,1084],{"class":80},[57,26781,7446],{"class":67},[15,26783,26784,26786],{},[19,26785,10914],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[43,26788,1787,26790,1790],{"id":26789},"what-popitem-does",[19,26791,10914],{},[15,26793,26794,972],{},[19,26795,10914],{},[27,26797,26798,26801,26806,26809],{},[30,26799,26800],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[30,26802,26803,26804],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[19,26805,19807],{},[30,26807,26808],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[30,26810,26811],{},"changes the original dictionary",[15,26813,26814],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[43,26816,221],{"id":220},[48,26818,26820],{"className":50,"code":26819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[19,26821,26822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26823,26824,26826,26828,26830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26825,13752],{"class":285},[57,26827,498],{"class":67},[57,26829,26702],{"class":238},[57,26831,6778],{"class":67},[15,26833,9600],{},[27,26835,26836,26844,26847],{},[30,26837,26838,26840,26841],{},[19,26839,10914],{}," takes ",[1854,26842,26843],{},"no arguments",[30,26845,26846],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[30,26848,26849],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[15,26851,26852,26853,4759],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[373,26854,26855],{"href":10710},[19,26856,10907],{},[43,26858,26860],{"id":26859},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[15,26862,26863,26864,26866],{},"The value returned by ",[19,26865,10914],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[26868,26869,26870,26873],"ol",{},[30,26871,26872],{},"the key",[30,26874,26875],{},"the value",[15,26877,275],{},[48,26879,26881],{"className":50,"code":26880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,26882,26883,26919,26933,26937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26884,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26886,11350],{"class":285},[57,26888,289],{"class":76},[57,26890,8629],{"class":67},[57,26892,939],{"class":938},[57,26894,5798],{"class":942},[57,26896,939],{"class":938},[57,26898,972],{"class":67},[57,26900,1449],{"class":938},[57,26902,3125],{"class":942},[57,26904,939],{"class":938},[57,26906,1081],{"class":67},[57,26908,1449],{"class":938},[57,26910,7436],{"class":942},[57,26912,939],{"class":938},[57,26914,972],{"class":67},[57,26916,7443],{"class":80},[57,26918,7446],{"class":67},[57,26920,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,26922,300],{"class":285},[57,26924,289],{"class":76},[57,26926,11393],{"class":285},[57,26928,498],{"class":67},[57,26930,26702],{"class":238},[57,26932,6778],{"class":67},[57,26934,26935],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,26936,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,26938,26939,26941,26943,26945],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,26940,64],{"class":63},[57,26942,68],{"class":67},[57,26944,339],{"class":238},[57,26946,242],{"class":67},[15,26948,26949],{},[1854,26950,131],{},[48,26952,26954],{"className":50,"code":26953,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('age', 25)\n",[19,26955,26956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26957,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26959,68],{"class":67},[57,26961,1395],{"class":938},[57,26963,7436],{"class":942},[57,26965,1395],{"class":938},[57,26967,1081],{"class":67},[57,26969,7443],{"class":80},[57,26971,242],{"class":67},[15,26973,26974],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[48,26976,26978],{"className":50,"code":26977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = person.popitem()\n",[19,26979,26980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26981,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26983,300],{"class":285},[57,26985,289],{"class":76},[57,26987,11393],{"class":285},[57,26989,498],{"class":67},[57,26991,26702],{"class":238},[57,26993,6778],{"class":67},[15,26995,26996],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[48,26998,27000],{"className":50,"code":26999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[19,27001,27002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27003,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27005,12988],{"class":285},[57,27007,1081],{"class":67},[57,27009,19736],{"class":285},[57,27011,289],{"class":76},[57,27013,11393],{"class":285},[57,27015,498],{"class":67},[57,27017,26702],{"class":238},[57,27019,6778],{"class":67},[43,27021,9617],{"id":9616},[15,27023,27024],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[48,27026,27028],{"className":50,"code":27027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[19,27029,27030,27078,27082,27097,27101,27121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27031,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27062,27064,27066,27069,27071,27073,27076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27033,3185],{"class":285},[57,27035,289],{"class":76},[57,27037,8629],{"class":67},[57,27039,939],{"class":938},[57,27041,27042],{"class":942},"Tom",[57,27044,939],{"class":938},[57,27046,972],{"class":67},[57,27048,3197],{"class":80},[57,27050,1081],{"class":67},[57,27052,1449],{"class":938},[57,27054,11025],{"class":942},[57,27056,939],{"class":938},[57,27058,972],{"class":67},[57,27060,27061],{"class":80}," 95",[57,27063,1081],{"class":67},[57,27065,1449],{"class":938},[57,27067,27068],{"class":942},"Leo",[57,27070,939],{"class":938},[57,27072,972],{"class":67},[57,27074,27075],{"class":80}," 88",[57,27077,7446],{"class":67},[57,27079,27080],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27081,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27083,27084,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,27085,27086],{"class":285},"removed_pair ",[57,27088,289],{"class":76},[57,27090,3232],{"class":285},[57,27092,498],{"class":67},[57,27094,26702],{"class":238},[57,27096,6778],{"class":67},[57,27098,27099],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,27100,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27102,27103,27105,27107,27109,27112,27114,27116,27119],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,27104,64],{"class":63},[57,27106,68],{"class":67},[57,27108,939],{"class":938},[57,27110,27111],{"class":942},"Removed:",[57,27113,939],{"class":938},[57,27115,1081],{"class":67},[57,27117,27118],{"class":238}," removed_pair",[57,27120,242],{"class":67},[57,27122,27123,27125,27127,27129,27132,27134,27136,27138],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,27124,64],{"class":63},[57,27126,68],{"class":67},[57,27128,939],{"class":938},[57,27130,27131],{"class":942},"After removal:",[57,27133,939],{"class":938},[57,27135,1081],{"class":67},[57,27137,3232],{"class":238},[57,27139,242],{"class":67},[15,27141,27142],{},[1854,27143,131],{},[48,27145,27147],{"className":50,"code":27146,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[19,27148,27149,27170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27150,27151,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27152,27153],{"class":285},"Removed",[57,27155,972],{"class":67},[57,27157,7373],{"class":67},[57,27159,1395],{"class":938},[57,27161,27068],{"class":942},[57,27163,1395],{"class":938},[57,27165,1081],{"class":67},[57,27167,27075],{"class":80},[57,27169,242],{"class":67},[57,27171,27172,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27173,27174],{"class":285},"After removal",[57,27176,972],{"class":67},[57,27178,8629],{"class":67},[57,27180,1395],{"class":938},[57,27182,27042],{"class":942},[57,27184,1395],{"class":938},[57,27186,972],{"class":67},[57,27188,3197],{"class":80},[57,27190,1081],{"class":67},[57,27192,1390],{"class":938},[57,27194,11025],{"class":942},[57,27196,1395],{"class":938},[57,27198,972],{"class":67},[57,27200,27061],{"class":80},[57,27202,7446],{"class":67},[15,27204,27205,27206,27209],{},"The last inserted item was ",[19,27207,27208],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[43,27211,27213],{"id":27212},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[15,27215,27216,27217,27219],{},"Because ",[19,27218,10914],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[48,27221,27223],{"className":50,"code":27222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[19,27224,27225,27261,27265,27284,27288,27307,27326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27226,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27228,13595],{"class":285},[57,27230,289],{"class":76},[57,27232,8629],{"class":67},[57,27234,939],{"class":938},[57,27236,13606],{"class":942},[57,27238,939],{"class":938},[57,27240,972],{"class":67},[57,27242,1449],{"class":938},[57,27244,13615],{"class":942},[57,27246,939],{"class":938},[57,27248,1081],{"class":67},[57,27250,1449],{"class":938},[57,27252,13626],{"class":942},[57,27254,939],{"class":938},[57,27256,972],{"class":67},[57,27258,25061],{"class":80},[57,27260,7446],{"class":67},[57,27262,27263],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27264,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27266,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27278,27280,27282],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,27268,12988],{"class":285},[57,27270,1081],{"class":67},[57,27272,19736],{"class":285},[57,27274,289],{"class":76},[57,27276,27277],{"class":285}," book",[57,27279,498],{"class":67},[57,27281,26702],{"class":238},[57,27283,6778],{"class":67},[57,27285,27286],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,27287,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27289,27290,27292,27294,27296,27299,27301,27303,27305],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,27291,64],{"class":63},[57,27293,68],{"class":67},[57,27295,939],{"class":938},[57,27297,27298],{"class":942},"Key:",[57,27300,939],{"class":938},[57,27302,1081],{"class":67},[57,27304,19731],{"class":238},[57,27306,242],{"class":67},[57,27308,27309,27311,27313,27315,27318,27320,27322,27324],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,27310,64],{"class":63},[57,27312,68],{"class":67},[57,27314,939],{"class":938},[57,27316,27317],{"class":942},"Value:",[57,27319,939],{"class":938},[57,27321,1081],{"class":67},[57,27323,6567],{"class":238},[57,27325,242],{"class":67},[57,27327,27328,27330,27332,27334,27337,27339,27341,27343],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,27329,64],{"class":63},[57,27331,68],{"class":67},[57,27333,939],{"class":938},[57,27335,27336],{"class":942},"Dictionary:",[57,27338,939],{"class":938},[57,27340,1081],{"class":67},[57,27342,27277],{"class":238},[57,27344,242],{"class":67},[15,27346,27347],{},[1854,27348,131],{},[48,27350,27352],{"className":50,"code":27351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[19,27353,27354,27364,27374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27355,27356,27359,27361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27357,27358],{"class":285},"Key",[57,27360,972],{"class":67},[57,27362,27363],{"class":285}," pages\n",[57,27365,27366,27369,27371],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27367,27368],{"class":285},"Value",[57,27370,972],{"class":67},[57,27372,27373],{"class":80}," 200\n",[57,27375,27376,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,27377,27378],{"class":285},"Dictionary",[57,27380,972],{"class":67},[57,27382,8629],{"class":67},[57,27384,1395],{"class":938},[57,27386,13606],{"class":942},[57,27388,1395],{"class":938},[57,27390,972],{"class":67},[57,27392,1390],{"class":938},[57,27394,13615],{"class":942},[57,27396,1395],{"class":938},[57,27398,7446],{"class":67},[15,27400,27401],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[43,27403,27405],{"id":27404},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[15,27407,27408,27409,26633,27411,498],{},"In current Python versions, ",[19,27410,10914],{},[1854,27412,26636],{},[15,27414,275],{},[48,27416,27418],{"className":50,"code":27417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[19,27419,27420,27464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27421,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27423,7302],{"class":285},[57,27425,289],{"class":76},[57,27427,8629],{"class":67},[57,27429,939],{"class":938},[57,27431,239],{"class":942},[57,27433,939],{"class":938},[57,27435,972],{"class":67},[57,27437,3622],{"class":80},[57,27439,1081],{"class":67},[57,27441,1449],{"class":938},[57,27443,9888],{"class":942},[57,27445,939],{"class":938},[57,27447,972],{"class":67},[57,27449,1084],{"class":80},[57,27451,1081],{"class":67},[57,27453,1449],{"class":938},[57,27455,20229],{"class":942},[57,27457,939],{"class":938},[57,27459,972],{"class":67},[57,27461,530],{"class":80},[57,27463,7446],{"class":67},[57,27465,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27467,64],{"class":63},[57,27469,68],{"class":67},[57,27471,7341],{"class":238},[57,27473,498],{"class":67},[57,27475,26702],{"class":238},[57,27477,5323],{"class":67},[15,27479,27480],{},[1854,27481,131],{},[48,27483,27485],{"className":50,"code":27484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('z', 3)\n",[19,27486,27487],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27488,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27490,68],{"class":67},[57,27492,1395],{"class":938},[57,27494,20229],{"class":942},[57,27496,1395],{"class":938},[57,27498,1081],{"class":67},[57,27500,530],{"class":80},[57,27502,242],{"class":67},[15,27504,27505],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[15,27507,27508,27509,27511,27512,27514],{},"As a beginner, do ",[1854,27510,2750],{}," think of ",[19,27513,10914],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[15,27516,27517,27518,256,27522,15221,27526,498],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[373,27519,27520],{"href":15224},[19,27521,15227],{},[373,27523,27524],{"href":15211},[19,27525,15214],{},[373,27527,27528],{"href":15217},[19,27529,15220],{},[43,27531,27533,27534,2511,27536],{"id":27532},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[19,27535,10914],{},[19,27537,10907],{},[15,27539,27540,2511,27542,27544],{},[19,27541,10914],{},[19,27543,10907],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[616,27546,27547],{"id":26702},[19,27548,10914],{},[27,27550,27551,27554,27557],{},[30,27552,27553],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[30,27555,27556],{},"does not need a key argument",[30,27558,1802,27559],{},[19,27560,19807],{},[616,27562,27563],{"id":24395},[19,27564,10907],{},[27,27566,27567,27570,27573],{},[30,27568,27569],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[30,27571,27572],{},"needs the key name",[30,27574,27575],{},"returns only the value",[15,27577,275],{},[48,27579,27581],{"className":50,"code":27580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[19,27582,27583,27627,27631,27645,27665,27669,27691,27710,27714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27584,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27586,7302],{"class":285},[57,27588,289],{"class":76},[57,27590,8629],{"class":67},[57,27592,939],{"class":938},[57,27594,373],{"class":942},[57,27596,939],{"class":938},[57,27598,972],{"class":67},[57,27600,3622],{"class":80},[57,27602,1081],{"class":67},[57,27604,1449],{"class":938},[57,27606,2881],{"class":942},[57,27608,939],{"class":938},[57,27610,972],{"class":67},[57,27612,1084],{"class":80},[57,27614,1081],{"class":67},[57,27616,1449],{"class":938},[57,27618,7877],{"class":942},[57,27620,939],{"class":938},[57,27622,972],{"class":67},[57,27624,530],{"class":80},[57,27626,7446],{"class":67},[57,27628,27629],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27630,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27632,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,27634,26693],{"class":285},[57,27636,289],{"class":76},[57,27638,12713],{"class":285},[57,27640,498],{"class":67},[57,27642,26702],{"class":238},[57,27644,6778],{"class":67},[57,27646,27647,27649,27651,27653,27656,27658,27660,27663],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,27648,64],{"class":63},[57,27650,68],{"class":67},[57,27652,939],{"class":938},[57,27654,27655],{"class":942},"popitem():",[57,27657,939],{"class":938},[57,27659,1081],{"class":67},[57,27661,27662],{"class":238}," item",[57,27664,242],{"class":67},[57,27666,27667],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,27668,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27670,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,27672,525],{"class":285},[57,27674,289],{"class":76},[57,27676,12713],{"class":285},[57,27678,498],{"class":67},[57,27680,24395],{"class":238},[57,27682,68],{"class":67},[57,27684,939],{"class":938},[57,27686,373],{"class":942},[57,27688,939],{"class":938},[57,27690,242],{"class":67},[57,27692,27693,27695,27697,27699,27702,27704,27706,27708],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,27694,64],{"class":63},[57,27696,68],{"class":67},[57,27698,939],{"class":938},[57,27700,27701],{"class":942},"pop('a'):",[57,27703,939],{"class":938},[57,27705,1081],{"class":67},[57,27707,6567],{"class":238},[57,27709,242],{"class":67},[57,27711,27712],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,27713,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27715,27716,27718,27720,27722],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,27717,64],{"class":63},[57,27719,68],{"class":67},[57,27721,7341],{"class":238},[57,27723,242],{"class":67},[15,27725,27726],{},[1854,27727,131],{},[48,27729,27731],{"className":50,"code":27730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[19,27732,27733,27754,27771],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27734,27735,27737,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27736,26702],{"class":238},[57,27738,27739],{"class":67},"():",[57,27741,7373],{"class":67},[57,27743,1395],{"class":938},[57,27745,7877],{"class":942},[57,27747,1395],{"class":938},[57,27749,1081],{"class":67},[57,27751,530],{"class":80},[57,27753,242],{"class":67},[57,27755,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27757,24395],{"class":238},[57,27759,68],{"class":67},[57,27761,1395],{"class":938},[57,27763,373],{"class":942},[57,27765,1395],{"class":938},[57,27767,14600],{"class":67},[57,27769,27770],{"class":80}," 1\n",[57,27772,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,27774,7415],{"class":67},[57,27776,1395],{"class":938},[57,27778,2881],{"class":942},[57,27780,1395],{"class":938},[57,27782,972],{"class":67},[57,27784,1084],{"class":80},[57,27786,7446],{"class":67},[15,27788,154,27789,27793],{},[373,27790,27791],{"href":10710},[19,27792,10907],{}," when you know the key.",[15,27795,154,27796,27798],{},[19,27797,10914],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[43,27800,27802],{"id":27801},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[15,27804,27805,27806,27808],{},"Calling ",[19,27807,10914],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[48,27810,27812],{"className":50,"code":27811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[19,27813,27814,27822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27815,27816,27818,27820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27817,7302],{"class":285},[57,27819,289],{"class":76},[57,27821,7976],{"class":67},[57,27823,27824,27826,27828,27830],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27825,7341],{"class":285},[57,27827,498],{"class":67},[57,27829,26702],{"class":238},[57,27831,6778],{"class":67},[15,27833,27834],{},[1854,27835,27836],{},"Error:",[48,27838,27840],{"className":50,"code":27839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[19,27841,27842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27843,27844,27846,27848,27850,27853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27845,17838],{"class":990},[57,27847,972],{"class":67},[57,27849,1390],{"class":938},[57,27851,27852],{"class":942},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[57,27854,27855],{"class":938},"'\n",[616,27857,27859],{"id":27858},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[48,27861,27863],{"className":50,"code":27862,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[19,27864,27865,27873,27877,27885,27900,27910,27916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27866,27867,27869,27871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27868,7302],{"class":285},[57,27870,289],{"class":76},[57,27872,7976],{"class":67},[57,27874,27875],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27876,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27878,27879,27881,27883],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,27880,5126],{"class":1990},[57,27882,12713],{"class":285},[57,27884,4520],{"class":67},[57,27886,27887,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,27888,27889],{"class":285},"    item ",[57,27891,289],{"class":76},[57,27893,12713],{"class":285},[57,27895,498],{"class":67},[57,27897,26702],{"class":238},[57,27899,6778],{"class":67},[57,27901,27902,27904,27906,27908],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,27903,6201],{"class":63},[57,27905,68],{"class":67},[57,27907,21463],{"class":238},[57,27909,242],{"class":67},[57,27911,27912,27914],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,27913,25588],{"class":1990},[57,27915,4520],{"class":67},[57,27917,27918,27920,27922,27924,27927,27929],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,27919,6201],{"class":63},[57,27921,68],{"class":67},[57,27923,939],{"class":938},[57,27925,27926],{"class":942},"Dictionary is empty",[57,27928,939],{"class":938},[57,27930,242],{"class":67},[616,27932,27934,27935],{"id":27933},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[19,27936,27937],{},"try-except",[48,27939,27941],{"className":50,"code":27940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[19,27942,27943,27951,27955,27962,27976,27986,27996],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27944,27945,27947,27949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27946,7302],{"class":285},[57,27948,289],{"class":76},[57,27950,7976],{"class":67},[57,27952,27953],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,27954,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,27956,27957,27960],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,27958,27959],{"class":1990},"try",[57,27961,4520],{"class":67},[57,27963,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,27965,27889],{"class":285},[57,27967,289],{"class":76},[57,27969,12713],{"class":285},[57,27971,498],{"class":67},[57,27973,26702],{"class":238},[57,27975,6778],{"class":67},[57,27977,27978,27980,27982,27984],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,27979,6201],{"class":63},[57,27981,68],{"class":67},[57,27983,21463],{"class":238},[57,27985,242],{"class":67},[57,27987,27988,27991,27994],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,27989,27990],{"class":1990},"except",[57,27992,27993],{"class":990}," KeyError",[57,27995,4520],{"class":67},[57,27997,27998,28000,28002,28004,28007,28009],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,27999,6201],{"class":63},[57,28001,68],{"class":67},[57,28003,939],{"class":938},[57,28005,28006],{"class":942},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[57,28008,939],{"class":938},[57,28010,242],{"class":67},[15,28012,28013,28014,498],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[373,28015,23833,28017],{"href":28016},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[19,28018,28019],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[43,28021,3082,28023],{"id":28022},"when-to-use-popitem",[19,28024,10914],{},[15,28026,28027,28029],{},[19,28028,10914],{}," is useful when:",[27,28031,28032,28035,28038],{},[30,28033,28034],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[30,28036,28037],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[30,28039,28040],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[15,28042,28043],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[48,28045,28047],{"className":50,"code":28046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[19,28048,28049,28058,28078,28098,28116,28120,28124,28134,28153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28050,28051,28054,28056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28052,28053],{"class":285},"tasks ",[57,28055,289],{"class":76},[57,28057,9635],{"class":67},[57,28059,28060,28062,28065,28067,28069,28071,28074,28076],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,28061,9640],{"class":938},[57,28063,28064],{"class":942},"first",[57,28066,939],{"class":938},[57,28068,972],{"class":67},[57,28070,1449],{"class":938},[57,28072,28073],{"class":942},"wash dishes",[57,28075,939],{"class":938},[57,28077,9656],{"class":67},[57,28079,28080,28082,28085,28087,28089,28091,28094,28096],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,28081,9640],{"class":938},[57,28083,28084],{"class":942},"second",[57,28086,939],{"class":938},[57,28088,972],{"class":67},[57,28090,1449],{"class":938},[57,28092,28093],{"class":942},"do homework",[57,28095,939],{"class":938},[57,28097,9656],{"class":67},[57,28099,28100,28102,28105,28107,28109,28111,28114],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,28101,9640],{"class":938},[57,28103,28104],{"class":942},"third",[57,28106,939],{"class":938},[57,28108,972],{"class":67},[57,28110,1449],{"class":938},[57,28112,28113],{"class":942},"read book",[57,28115,1455],{"class":938},[57,28117,28118],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,28119,7446],{"class":67},[57,28121,28122],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,28123,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,28125,28126,28129,28132],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,28127,28128],{"class":1990},"while",[57,28130,28131],{"class":285}," tasks",[57,28133,4520],{"class":67},[57,28135,28136,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,28137,28138],{"class":285},"    key",[57,28140,1081],{"class":67},[57,28142,19736],{"class":285},[57,28144,289],{"class":76},[57,28146,28131],{"class":285},[57,28148,498],{"class":67},[57,28150,26702],{"class":238},[57,28152,6778],{"class":67},[57,28154,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,28156,6201],{"class":63},[57,28158,68],{"class":67},[57,28160,20446],{"class":125},[57,28162,939],{"class":942},[57,28164,7415],{"class":80},[57,28166,12988],{"class":238},[57,28168,20455],{"class":80},[57,28170,20458],{"class":942},[57,28172,7415],{"class":80},[57,28174,552],{"class":238},[57,28176,20455],{"class":80},[57,28178,939],{"class":942},[57,28180,242],{"class":67},[15,28182,28183],{},[1854,28184,28185],{},"Possible output:",[48,28187,28189],{"className":50,"code":28188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[19,28190,28191,28200,28209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28192,28193,28195,28197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28194,28104],{"class":285},[57,28196,972],{"class":67},[57,28198,28199],{"class":285}," read book\n",[57,28201,28202,28204,28206],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,28203,28084],{"class":285},[57,28205,972],{"class":67},[57,28207,28208],{"class":285}," do homework\n",[57,28210,28211,28213,28215],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,28212,28064],{"class":285},[57,28214,972],{"class":67},[57,28216,28217],{"class":285}," wash dishes\n",[15,28219,27216,28220,28222],{},[19,28221,10914],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[43,28224,913],{"id":912},[15,28226,12880,28227,972],{},[19,28228,10914],{},[27,28230,28231,28245,28264,28275],{},[30,28232,28233,28238],{},[1854,28234,27805,28235,28237],{},[19,28236,10914],{}," on an empty dictionary",[27,28239,28240],{},[30,28241,28242,28243,498],{},"This raises ",[19,28244,17838],{},[30,28246,28247,28252],{},[1854,28248,6587,28249,28251],{},[19,28250,10914],{}," to remove a specific key",[27,28253,28254,28257],{},[30,28255,28256],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[30,28258,154,28259,28263],{},[373,28260,28261],{"href":10710},[19,28262,10907],{}," if you need that.",[30,28265,28266,28270],{},[1854,28267,2824,28268,25854],{},[19,28269,10914],{},[27,28271,28272],{},[30,28273,28274],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[30,28276,28277,28280],{},[1854,28278,28279],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[27,28281,28282],{},[30,28283,28284,20127,28286,28288],{},[19,28285,10914],{},[19,28287,19807],{}," tuple.",[15,28290,28291],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[48,28293,28295],{"className":50,"code":28294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[19,28296,28297,28307,28321,28325,28339],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28298,28299,28301,28303,28305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28300,64],{"class":63},[57,28302,68],{"class":67},[57,28304,9591],{"class":238},[57,28306,242],{"class":67},[57,28308,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,28310,64],{"class":63},[57,28312,68],{"class":67},[57,28314,9302],{"class":63},[57,28316,68],{"class":67},[57,28318,9591],{"class":238},[57,28320,84],{"class":67},[57,28322,28323],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,28324,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,28326,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,28328,26693],{"class":285},[57,28330,289],{"class":76},[57,28332,9909],{"class":285},[57,28334,498],{"class":67},[57,28336,26702],{"class":238},[57,28338,6778],{"class":67},[57,28340,28341,28343,28345,28347],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,28342,64],{"class":63},[57,28344,68],{"class":67},[57,28346,21463],{"class":238},[57,28348,242],{"class":67},[15,28350,28351],{},"Or with unpacking:",[48,28353,28355],{"className":50,"code":28354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[19,28356,28357,28375,28385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28358,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28360,12988],{"class":285},[57,28362,1081],{"class":67},[57,28364,19736],{"class":285},[57,28366,289],{"class":76},[57,28368,9909],{"class":285},[57,28370,498],{"class":67},[57,28372,26702],{"class":238},[57,28374,6778],{"class":67},[57,28376,28377,28379,28381,28383],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,28378,64],{"class":63},[57,28380,68],{"class":67},[57,28382,12988],{"class":238},[57,28384,242],{"class":67},[57,28386,28387,28389,28391,28393],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,28388,64],{"class":63},[57,28390,68],{"class":67},[57,28392,552],{"class":238},[57,28394,242],{"class":67},[43,28396,1554],{"id":1553},[616,28398,3264,28400,3267],{"id":28399},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[19,28401,10914],{},[15,28403,28404,28405,498],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[19,28406,28407],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[616,28409,10848,28411,28413],{"id":28410},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[19,28412,10914],{}," remove the last item?",[15,28415,28416],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[616,28418,28420,28421,28423],{"id":28419},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[19,28422,10914],{}," removes?",[15,28425,28426,28427,28431],{},"No. Use ",[373,28428,28429],{"href":10710},[19,28430,10907],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[616,28433,10848,28435,13043],{"id":28434},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[19,28436,10914],{},[15,28438,28439],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[616,28441,28443,28444,28446],{"id":28442},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[19,28445,10914],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[15,28448,28449,28450,28452,28453,498],{},"It raises ",[19,28451,17838],{}," with the message ",[19,28454,27852],{},[43,28456,1602],{"id":1601},[27,28458,28459,28466,28472,28478,28484,28491,28495,28499],{},[30,28460,28461],{},[373,28462,28463,28465],{"href":10710},[19,28464,10907],{}," method for dictionaries",[30,28467,28468],{},[373,28469,28470,28465],{"href":15224},[19,28471,15227],{},[30,28473,28474],{},[373,28475,28476,28465],{"href":15211},[19,28477,15214],{},[30,28479,28480],{},[373,28481,28482,28465],{"href":15217},[19,28483,15220],{},[30,28485,28486],{},[373,28487,28489,28465],{"href":28488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[19,28490,9462],{},[30,28492,28493],{},[373,28494,10931],{"href":10717},[30,28496,28497],{},[373,28498,19609],{"href":14745},[30,28500,28501],{},[373,28502,28503,28504],{"href":28016},"Fix ",[19,28505,28019],{},[1634,28507,28508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":28510},[28511,28512,28514,28515,28516,28517,28518,28519,28524,28529,28531,28532,28544],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":26789,"depth":87,"text":28513},"What popitem() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":26859,"depth":87,"text":26860},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":27212,"depth":87,"text":27213},{"id":27404,"depth":87,"text":27405},{"id":27532,"depth":87,"text":28520,"children":28521},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[28522,28523],{"id":26702,"depth":103,"text":10914},{"id":24395,"depth":103,"text":10907},{"id":27801,"depth":87,"text":27802,"children":28525},[28526,28527],{"id":27858,"depth":103,"text":27859},{"id":27933,"depth":103,"text":28528},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":28022,"depth":87,"text":28530},"When to use popitem()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":28533},[28534,28536,28538,28540,28542],{"id":28399,"depth":103,"text":28535},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":28410,"depth":103,"text":28537},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":28419,"depth":103,"text":28539},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":28434,"depth":103,"text":28541},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28442,"depth":103,"text":28543},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":26528,"description":28545},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":28552,"title":28553,"body":28554,"description":30457,"extension":1666,"meta":30458,"navigation":317,"path":12179,"seo":30459,"stem":30460,"__hash__":30461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":8,"value":28555,"toc":30429},[28556,28561,28566,28569,28571,28668,28673,28678,28683,28686,28694,28697,28712,28714,28814,28816,28873,28877,28879,28882,28902,28907,28918,28921,28948,28951,28953,29010,29012,29033,29039,29044,29047,29058,29060,29168,29170,29223,29225,29237,29244,29250,29255,29258,29346,29348,29393,29396,29404,29407,29410,29479,29482,29485,29489,29492,29563,29565,29618,29621,29624,29627,29642,29645,29657,29660,29723,29725,29731,29733,29735,29814,29816,29857,29859,29924,29926,29963,29968,29973,29977,29991,29994,30117,30119,30204,30209,30211,30215,30237,30240,30320,30323,30342,30347,30349,30355,30360,30366,30369,30375,30378,30384,30389,30395,30401,30403,30426],[11,28557,9459,28559,9463],{"id":28558},"python-dictionary-update-method",[19,28560,13101],{},[15,28562,17,28563,28565],{},[19,28564,13101],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[15,28567,28568],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[43,28570,46],{"id":45},[48,28572,28574],{"className":50,"code":28573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[19,28575,28576,28612,28653,28663],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28577,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608,28610],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28579,11350],{"class":285},[57,28581,289],{"class":76},[57,28583,8629],{"class":67},[57,28585,939],{"class":938},[57,28587,5798],{"class":942},[57,28589,939],{"class":938},[57,28591,972],{"class":67},[57,28593,1449],{"class":938},[57,28595,11025],{"class":942},[57,28597,939],{"class":938},[57,28599,1081],{"class":67},[57,28601,1449],{"class":938},[57,28603,7436],{"class":942},[57,28605,939],{"class":938},[57,28607,972],{"class":67},[57,28609,5921],{"class":80},[57,28611,7446],{"class":67},[57,28613,28614,28616,28618,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,28615,15456],{"class":285},[57,28617,498],{"class":67},[57,28619,28620],{"class":238},"update",[57,28622,3654],{"class":67},[57,28624,939],{"class":938},[57,28626,7436],{"class":942},[57,28628,939],{"class":938},[57,28630,972],{"class":67},[57,28632,28633],{"class":80}," 21",[57,28635,1081],{"class":67},[57,28637,1449],{"class":938},[57,28639,8547],{"class":942},[57,28641,939],{"class":938},[57,28643,972],{"class":67},[57,28645,1449],{"class":938},[57,28647,14179],{"class":942},[57,28649,939],{"class":938},[57,28651,28652],{"class":67},"})\n",[57,28654,28655,28657,28659,28661],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,28656,64],{"class":63},[57,28658,68],{"class":67},[57,28660,15456],{"class":238},[57,28662,242],{"class":67},[57,28664,28665],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,28666,28667],{"class":1772},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,28669,154,28670,28672],{},[19,28671,13101],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[43,28674,1787,28676,1790],{"id":28675},"what-update-does",[19,28677,13101],{},[15,28679,28680,28682],{},[19,28681,13101],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[15,28684,28685],{},"It can do two main things:",[27,28687,28688,28691],{},[30,28689,28690],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[30,28692,28693],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[15,28695,28696],{},"Important things to know:",[27,28698,28699,28702,28705,28709],{},[30,28700,28701],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[30,28703,28704],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[30,28706,3270,28707],{},[19,28708,1890],{},[30,28710,28711],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[15,28713,275],{},[48,28715,28717],{"className":50,"code":28716,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[19,28718,28719,28761,28804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28720,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28757,28759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28722,11008],{"class":285},[57,28724,289],{"class":76},[57,28726,8629],{"class":67},[57,28728,939],{"class":938},[57,28730,5798],{"class":942},[57,28732,939],{"class":938},[57,28734,972],{"class":67},[57,28736,1449],{"class":938},[57,28738,28739],{"class":942},"Mira",[57,28741,939],{"class":938},[57,28743,1081],{"class":67},[57,28745,1449],{"class":938},[57,28747,18042],{"class":942},[57,28749,939],{"class":938},[57,28751,972],{"class":67},[57,28753,1449],{"class":938},[57,28755,28756],{"class":942},"B",[57,28758,939],{"class":938},[57,28760,7446],{"class":67},[57,28762,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28800,28802],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,28764,11772],{"class":285},[57,28766,498],{"class":67},[57,28768,28620],{"class":238},[57,28770,3654],{"class":67},[57,28772,939],{"class":938},[57,28774,18042],{"class":942},[57,28776,939],{"class":938},[57,28778,972],{"class":67},[57,28780,1449],{"class":938},[57,28782,20397],{"class":942},[57,28784,939],{"class":938},[57,28786,1081],{"class":67},[57,28788,1449],{"class":938},[57,28790,8547],{"class":942},[57,28792,939],{"class":938},[57,28794,972],{"class":67},[57,28796,1449],{"class":938},[57,28798,28799],{"class":942},"Quito",[57,28801,939],{"class":938},[57,28803,28652],{"class":67},[57,28805,28806,28808,28810,28812],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,28807,64],{"class":63},[57,28809,68],{"class":67},[57,28811,11772],{"class":238},[57,28813,242],{"class":67},[15,28815,131],{},[48,28817,28819],{"className":50,"code":28818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[19,28820,28821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28822,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28824,7415],{"class":67},[57,28826,1395],{"class":938},[57,28828,5798],{"class":942},[57,28830,1395],{"class":938},[57,28832,972],{"class":67},[57,28834,1390],{"class":938},[57,28836,28739],{"class":942},[57,28838,1395],{"class":938},[57,28840,1081],{"class":67},[57,28842,1390],{"class":938},[57,28844,18042],{"class":942},[57,28846,1395],{"class":938},[57,28848,972],{"class":67},[57,28850,1390],{"class":938},[57,28852,20397],{"class":942},[57,28854,1395],{"class":938},[57,28856,1081],{"class":67},[57,28858,1390],{"class":938},[57,28860,8547],{"class":942},[57,28862,1395],{"class":938},[57,28864,972],{"class":67},[57,28866,1390],{"class":938},[57,28868,28799],{"class":942},[57,28870,1395],{"class":938},[57,28872,7446],{"class":67},[15,28874,7288,28875,498],{},[373,28876,22781],{"href":7528},[43,28878,221],{"id":220},[15,28880,28881],{},"The basic form is:",[48,28883,28885],{"className":50,"code":28884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[19,28886,28887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28888,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28890,13752],{"class":285},[57,28892,498],{"class":67},[57,28894,28620],{"class":238},[57,28896,68],{"class":67},[57,28898,28899],{"class":238},"other",[57,28901,242],{"class":67},[15,28903,28904,28906],{},[19,28905,28899],{}," can be:",[27,28908,28909,28912,28915],{},[30,28910,28911],{},"Another dictionary",[30,28913,28914],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[30,28916,28917],{},"Keyword arguments",[15,28919,28920],{},"You can also use:",[48,28922,28924],{"className":50,"code":28923,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[19,28925,28926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28927,28928,28930,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28929,13752],{"class":285},[57,28931,498],{"class":67},[57,28933,28620],{"class":238},[57,28935,68],{"class":67},[57,28937,5798],{"class":7312},[57,28939,289],{"class":76},[57,28941,939],{"class":938},[57,28943,5807],{"class":942},[57,28945,939],{"class":938},[57,28947,242],{"class":67},[15,28949,28950],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[15,28952,275],{},[48,28954,28956],{"className":50,"code":28955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[19,28957,28958,28978,29000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28959,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28961,7302],{"class":285},[57,28963,289],{"class":76},[57,28965,8629],{"class":67},[57,28967,939],{"class":938},[57,28969,373],{"class":942},[57,28971,939],{"class":938},[57,28973,972],{"class":67},[57,28975,3622],{"class":80},[57,28977,7446],{"class":67},[57,28979,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,28981,7341],{"class":285},[57,28983,498],{"class":67},[57,28985,28620],{"class":238},[57,28987,3654],{"class":67},[57,28989,939],{"class":938},[57,28991,373],{"class":942},[57,28993,939],{"class":938},[57,28995,972],{"class":67},[57,28997,4130],{"class":80},[57,28999,28652],{"class":67},[57,29001,29002,29004,29006,29008],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29003,64],{"class":63},[57,29005,68],{"class":67},[57,29007,7341],{"class":238},[57,29009,242],{"class":67},[15,29011,131],{},[48,29013,29015],{"className":50,"code":29014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 10}\n",[19,29016,29017],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29018,29019,29021,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29020,7415],{"class":67},[57,29022,1395],{"class":938},[57,29024,373],{"class":942},[57,29026,1395],{"class":938},[57,29028,972],{"class":67},[57,29030,4130],{"class":80},[57,29032,7446],{"class":67},[43,29034,6551,29036,29038],{"id":29035},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[19,29037,13101],{}," with another dictionary",[15,29040,29041,29042,498],{},"This is the most common use of ",[19,29043,13101],{},[15,29045,29046],{},"It is useful when:",[27,29048,29049,29052,29055],{},[30,29050,29051],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[30,29053,29054],{},"Adding extra settings",[30,29056,29057],{},"Updating stored data",[15,29059,275],{},[48,29061,29063],{"className":50,"code":29062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[19,29064,29065,29102,29139,29143,29158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29066,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093,29095,29097,29100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29068,11972],{"class":285},[57,29070,289],{"class":76},[57,29072,8629],{"class":67},[57,29074,939],{"class":938},[57,29076,10638],{"class":942},[57,29078,939],{"class":938},[57,29080,972],{"class":67},[57,29082,1449],{"class":938},[57,29084,19079],{"class":942},[57,29086,939],{"class":938},[57,29088,1081],{"class":67},[57,29090,1449],{"class":938},[57,29092,11997],{"class":942},[57,29094,939],{"class":938},[57,29096,972],{"class":67},[57,29098,29099],{"class":80}," 12",[57,29101,7446],{"class":67},[57,29103,29104,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29105,29106],{"class":285},"new_settings ",[57,29108,289],{"class":76},[57,29110,8629],{"class":67},[57,29112,939],{"class":938},[57,29114,11997],{"class":942},[57,29116,939],{"class":938},[57,29118,972],{"class":67},[57,29120,12004],{"class":80},[57,29122,1081],{"class":67},[57,29124,1449],{"class":938},[57,29126,18274],{"class":942},[57,29128,939],{"class":938},[57,29130,972],{"class":67},[57,29132,1449],{"class":938},[57,29134,18308],{"class":942},[57,29136,939],{"class":938},[57,29138,7446],{"class":67},[57,29140,29141],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29142,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,29144,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29156],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,29146,12031],{"class":285},[57,29148,498],{"class":67},[57,29150,28620],{"class":238},[57,29152,68],{"class":67},[57,29154,29155],{"class":238},"new_settings",[57,29157,242],{"class":67},[57,29159,29160,29162,29164,29166],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,29161,64],{"class":63},[57,29163,68],{"class":67},[57,29165,12031],{"class":238},[57,29167,242],{"class":67},[15,29169,131],{},[48,29171,29173],{"className":50,"code":29172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[19,29174,29175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29176,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29178,7415],{"class":67},[57,29180,1395],{"class":938},[57,29182,10638],{"class":942},[57,29184,1395],{"class":938},[57,29186,972],{"class":67},[57,29188,1390],{"class":938},[57,29190,19079],{"class":942},[57,29192,1395],{"class":938},[57,29194,1081],{"class":67},[57,29196,1390],{"class":938},[57,29198,11997],{"class":942},[57,29200,1395],{"class":938},[57,29202,972],{"class":67},[57,29204,12004],{"class":80},[57,29206,1081],{"class":67},[57,29208,1390],{"class":938},[57,29210,18274],{"class":942},[57,29212,1395],{"class":938},[57,29214,972],{"class":67},[57,29216,1390],{"class":938},[57,29218,18308],{"class":942},[57,29220,1395],{"class":938},[57,29222,7446],{"class":67},[15,29224,11555],{},[27,29226,29227,29232],{},[30,29228,29229,29231],{},[19,29230,11997],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[30,29233,29234,29236],{},[19,29235,18274],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[15,29238,29239,29240,498],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[373,29241,29243],{"href":29242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[43,29245,6551,29247,29249],{"id":29246},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[19,29248,13101],{}," with key-value pairs",[15,29251,29252,29254],{},[19,29253,13101],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[15,29256,29257],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[48,29259,29261],{"className":50,"code":29260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[19,29262,29263,29283,29318,29322,29336],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29264,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29266,3185],{"class":285},[57,29268,289],{"class":76},[57,29270,8629],{"class":67},[57,29272,939],{"class":938},[57,29274,16567],{"class":942},[57,29276,939],{"class":938},[57,29278,972],{"class":67},[57,29280,18049],{"class":80},[57,29282,7446],{"class":67},[57,29284,29285,29287,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29310,29312,29314,29316],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29286,7352],{"class":285},[57,29288,289],{"class":76},[57,29290,7357],{"class":67},[57,29292,939],{"class":938},[57,29294,16576],{"class":942},[57,29296,939],{"class":938},[57,29298,1081],{"class":67},[57,29300,11653],{"class":80},[57,29302,7370],{"class":67},[57,29304,7373],{"class":67},[57,29306,939],{"class":938},[57,29308,29309],{"class":942},"english",[57,29311,939],{"class":938},[57,29313,1081],{"class":67},[57,29315,27075],{"class":80},[57,29317,7386],{"class":67},[57,29319,29320],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29321,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,29323,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,29325,14537],{"class":285},[57,29327,498],{"class":67},[57,29329,28620],{"class":238},[57,29331,68],{"class":67},[57,29333,7399],{"class":238},[57,29335,242],{"class":67},[57,29337,29338,29340,29342,29344],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,29339,64],{"class":63},[57,29341,68],{"class":67},[57,29343,14537],{"class":238},[57,29345,242],{"class":67},[15,29347,131],{},[48,29349,29351],{"className":50,"code":29350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[19,29352,29353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29354,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387,29389,29391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29356,7415],{"class":67},[57,29358,1395],{"class":938},[57,29360,16567],{"class":942},[57,29362,1395],{"class":938},[57,29364,972],{"class":67},[57,29366,18049],{"class":80},[57,29368,1081],{"class":67},[57,29370,1390],{"class":938},[57,29372,16576],{"class":942},[57,29374,1395],{"class":938},[57,29376,972],{"class":67},[57,29378,11653],{"class":80},[57,29380,1081],{"class":67},[57,29382,1390],{"class":938},[57,29384,29309],{"class":942},[57,29386,1395],{"class":938},[57,29388,972],{"class":67},[57,29390,27075],{"class":80},[57,29392,7446],{"class":67},[15,29394,29395],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[27,29397,29398,29401],{},[30,29399,29400],{},"The key",[30,29402,29403],{},"The value",[15,29405,29406],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[15,29408,29409],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[48,29411,29413],{"className":50,"code":29412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[19,29414,29415,29435,29460,29464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29416,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29418,7302],{"class":285},[57,29420,289],{"class":76},[57,29422,8629],{"class":67},[57,29424,939],{"class":938},[57,29426,373],{"class":942},[57,29428,939],{"class":938},[57,29430,972],{"class":67},[57,29432,3622],{"class":80},[57,29434,7446],{"class":67},[57,29436,29437,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29438,29439],{"class":285},"bad_pairs ",[57,29441,289],{"class":76},[57,29443,7357],{"class":67},[57,29445,939],{"class":938},[57,29447,2881],{"class":942},[57,29449,939],{"class":938},[57,29451,1081],{"class":67},[57,29453,1084],{"class":80},[57,29455,1081],{"class":67},[57,29457,530],{"class":80},[57,29459,7386],{"class":67},[57,29461,29462],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29463,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,29465,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474,29477],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,29467,7341],{"class":285},[57,29469,498],{"class":67},[57,29471,28620],{"class":238},[57,29473,68],{"class":67},[57,29475,29476],{"class":238},"bad_pairs",[57,29478,242],{"class":67},[15,29480,29481],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[15,29483,29484],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[43,29486,29488],{"id":29487},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[15,29490,29491],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[48,29493,29495],{"className":50,"code":29494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[19,29496,29497,29521,29553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29498,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29500,9630],{"class":285},[57,29502,289],{"class":76},[57,29504,8629],{"class":67},[57,29506,939],{"class":938},[57,29508,5798],{"class":942},[57,29510,939],{"class":938},[57,29512,972],{"class":67},[57,29514,1449],{"class":938},[57,29516,27068],{"class":942},[57,29518,939],{"class":938},[57,29520,7446],{"class":67},[57,29522,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533,29535,29537,29539,29542,29544,29546,29549,29551],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29524,9724],{"class":285},[57,29526,498],{"class":67},[57,29528,28620],{"class":238},[57,29530,68],{"class":67},[57,29532,7436],{"class":7312},[57,29534,289],{"class":76},[57,29536,7330],{"class":80},[57,29538,1081],{"class":67},[57,29540,29541],{"class":7312}," city",[57,29543,289],{"class":76},[57,29545,939],{"class":938},[57,29547,29548],{"class":942},"Madrid",[57,29550,939],{"class":938},[57,29552,242],{"class":67},[57,29554,29555,29557,29559,29561],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29556,64],{"class":63},[57,29558,68],{"class":67},[57,29560,9724],{"class":238},[57,29562,242],{"class":67},[15,29564,131],{},[48,29566,29568],{"className":50,"code":29567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[19,29569,29570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29571,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590,29592,29594,29596,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29573,7415],{"class":67},[57,29575,1395],{"class":938},[57,29577,5798],{"class":942},[57,29579,1395],{"class":938},[57,29581,972],{"class":67},[57,29583,1390],{"class":938},[57,29585,27068],{"class":942},[57,29587,1395],{"class":938},[57,29589,1081],{"class":67},[57,29591,1390],{"class":938},[57,29593,7436],{"class":942},[57,29595,1395],{"class":938},[57,29597,972],{"class":67},[57,29599,7443],{"class":80},[57,29601,1081],{"class":67},[57,29603,1390],{"class":938},[57,29605,8547],{"class":942},[57,29607,1395],{"class":938},[57,29609,972],{"class":67},[57,29611,1390],{"class":938},[57,29613,29548],{"class":942},[57,29615,1395],{"class":938},[57,29617,7446],{"class":67},[15,29619,29620],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[15,29622,29623],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[15,29625,29626],{},"These work:",[27,29628,29629,29633,29637],{},[30,29630,29631],{},[19,29632,7436],{},[30,29634,29635],{},[19,29636,8547],{},[30,29638,29639],{},[19,29640,29641],{},"first_name",[15,29643,29644],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[27,29646,29647,29652],{},[30,29648,29649],{},[19,29650,29651],{},"\"first name\"",[30,29653,29654],{},[19,29655,29656],{},"\"user-id\"",[15,29658,29659],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[48,29661,29663],{"className":50,"code":29662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[19,29664,29665,29673,29713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29666,29667,29669,29671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29668,9630],{"class":285},[57,29670,289],{"class":76},[57,29672,7976],{"class":67},[57,29674,29675,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685,29687,29689,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701,29704,29706,29708,29711],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29676,9724],{"class":285},[57,29678,498],{"class":67},[57,29680,28620],{"class":238},[57,29682,3654],{"class":67},[57,29684,939],{"class":938},[57,29686,8651],{"class":942},[57,29688,939],{"class":938},[57,29690,972],{"class":67},[57,29692,1449],{"class":938},[57,29694,27068],{"class":942},[57,29696,939],{"class":938},[57,29698,1081],{"class":67},[57,29700,1449],{"class":938},[57,29702,29703],{"class":942},"user-id",[57,29705,939],{"class":938},[57,29707,972],{"class":67},[57,29709,29710],{"class":80}," 1001",[57,29712,28652],{"class":67},[57,29714,29715,29717,29719,29721],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29716,64],{"class":63},[57,29718,68],{"class":67},[57,29720,9724],{"class":238},[57,29722,242],{"class":67},[43,29724,15568],{"id":15567},[15,29726,29727,474,29729,498],{},[19,29728,13101],{},[19,29730,1890],{},[15,29732,12195],{},[15,29734,22861],{},[48,29736,29738],{"className":50,"code":29737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[19,29739,29740,29764,29790,29794,29804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29741,29742,29744,29746,29748,29750,29752,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29743,11350],{"class":285},[57,29745,289],{"class":76},[57,29747,8629],{"class":67},[57,29749,939],{"class":938},[57,29751,5798],{"class":942},[57,29753,939],{"class":938},[57,29755,972],{"class":67},[57,29757,1449],{"class":938},[57,29759,11025],{"class":942},[57,29761,939],{"class":938},[57,29763,7446],{"class":67},[57,29765,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29767,300],{"class":285},[57,29769,289],{"class":76},[57,29771,11393],{"class":285},[57,29773,498],{"class":67},[57,29775,28620],{"class":238},[57,29777,3654],{"class":67},[57,29779,939],{"class":938},[57,29781,7436],{"class":942},[57,29783,939],{"class":938},[57,29785,972],{"class":67},[57,29787,5921],{"class":80},[57,29789,28652],{"class":67},[57,29791,29792],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29793,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,29795,29796,29798,29800,29802],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,29797,64],{"class":63},[57,29799,68],{"class":67},[57,29801,339],{"class":238},[57,29803,242],{"class":67},[57,29805,29806,29808,29810,29812],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,29807,64],{"class":63},[57,29809,68],{"class":67},[57,29811,15456],{"class":238},[57,29813,242],{"class":67},[15,29815,131],{},[48,29817,29819],{"className":50,"code":29818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[19,29820,29821,29825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29822,29823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29824,9951],{"class":1965},[57,29826,29827,29829,29831,29833,29835,29837,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29828,7415],{"class":67},[57,29830,1395],{"class":938},[57,29832,5798],{"class":942},[57,29834,1395],{"class":938},[57,29836,972],{"class":67},[57,29838,1390],{"class":938},[57,29840,11025],{"class":942},[57,29842,1395],{"class":938},[57,29844,1081],{"class":67},[57,29846,1390],{"class":938},[57,29848,7436],{"class":942},[57,29850,1395],{"class":938},[57,29852,972],{"class":67},[57,29854,5921],{"class":80},[57,29856,7446],{"class":67},[15,29858,14804],{},[48,29860,29862],{"className":50,"code":29861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[19,29863,29864,29888,29910,29914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29865,29866,29868,29870,29872,29874,29876,29878,29880,29882,29884,29886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29867,11350],{"class":285},[57,29869,289],{"class":76},[57,29871,8629],{"class":67},[57,29873,939],{"class":938},[57,29875,5798],{"class":942},[57,29877,939],{"class":938},[57,29879,972],{"class":67},[57,29881,1449],{"class":938},[57,29883,11025],{"class":942},[57,29885,939],{"class":938},[57,29887,7446],{"class":67},[57,29889,29890,29892,29894,29896,29898,29900,29902,29904,29906,29908],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,29891,15456],{"class":285},[57,29893,498],{"class":67},[57,29895,28620],{"class":238},[57,29897,3654],{"class":67},[57,29899,939],{"class":938},[57,29901,7436],{"class":942},[57,29903,939],{"class":938},[57,29905,972],{"class":67},[57,29907,5921],{"class":80},[57,29909,28652],{"class":67},[57,29911,29912],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,29913,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,29915,29916,29918,29920,29922],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,29917,64],{"class":63},[57,29919,68],{"class":67},[57,29921,15456],{"class":238},[57,29923,242],{"class":67},[15,29925,131],{},[48,29927,29929],{"className":50,"code":29928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[19,29930,29931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29932,29933,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945,29947,29949,29951,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29934,7415],{"class":67},[57,29936,1395],{"class":938},[57,29938,5798],{"class":942},[57,29940,1395],{"class":938},[57,29942,972],{"class":67},[57,29944,1390],{"class":938},[57,29946,11025],{"class":942},[57,29948,1395],{"class":938},[57,29950,1081],{"class":67},[57,29952,1390],{"class":938},[57,29954,7436],{"class":942},[57,29956,1395],{"class":938},[57,29958,972],{"class":67},[57,29960,5921],{"class":80},[57,29962,7446],{"class":67},[15,29964,29965,29966,498],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[373,29967,16054],{"href":8870},[43,29969,3082,29971],{"id":29970},"when-to-use-update",[19,29972,13101],{},[15,29974,154,29975,8740],{},[19,29976,13101],{},[27,29978,29979,29982,29985,29988],{},[30,29980,29981],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[30,29983,29984],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[30,29986,29987],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[30,29989,29990],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[15,29992,29993],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[48,29995,29997],{"className":50,"code":29996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[19,29998,29999,30035,30050,30054,30093,30097,30107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30000,30001,30003,30005,30007,30009,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019,30021,30023,30025,30027,30029,30031,30033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30002,10229],{"class":285},[57,30004,289],{"class":76},[57,30006,8629],{"class":67},[57,30008,939],{"class":938},[57,30010,5798],{"class":942},[57,30012,939],{"class":938},[57,30014,972],{"class":67},[57,30016,1449],{"class":938},[57,30018,11025],{"class":942},[57,30020,939],{"class":938},[57,30022,1081],{"class":67},[57,30024,1449],{"class":938},[57,30026,7436],{"class":942},[57,30028,939],{"class":938},[57,30030,972],{"class":67},[57,30032,5921],{"class":80},[57,30034,7446],{"class":67},[57,30036,30037,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30038,30039],{"class":285},"updated ",[57,30041,289],{"class":76},[57,30043,10304],{"class":285},[57,30045,498],{"class":67},[57,30047,11056],{"class":238},[57,30049,6778],{"class":67},[57,30051,30052],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,30053,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,30055,30056,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,30057,30058],{"class":285},"updated",[57,30060,498],{"class":67},[57,30062,28620],{"class":238},[57,30064,3654],{"class":67},[57,30066,939],{"class":938},[57,30068,7436],{"class":942},[57,30070,939],{"class":938},[57,30072,972],{"class":67},[57,30074,28633],{"class":80},[57,30076,1081],{"class":67},[57,30078,1449],{"class":938},[57,30080,8547],{"class":942},[57,30082,939],{"class":938},[57,30084,972],{"class":67},[57,30086,1449],{"class":938},[57,30088,14179],{"class":942},[57,30090,939],{"class":938},[57,30092,28652],{"class":67},[57,30094,30095],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,30096,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,30098,30099,30101,30103,30105],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,30100,64],{"class":63},[57,30102,68],{"class":67},[57,30104,10276],{"class":238},[57,30106,242],{"class":67},[57,30108,30109,30111,30113,30115],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,30110,64],{"class":63},[57,30112,68],{"class":67},[57,30114,30058],{"class":238},[57,30116,242],{"class":67},[15,30118,131],{},[48,30120,30122],{"className":50,"code":30121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[19,30123,30124,30156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30125,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150,30152,30154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30127,7415],{"class":67},[57,30129,1395],{"class":938},[57,30131,5798],{"class":942},[57,30133,1395],{"class":938},[57,30135,972],{"class":67},[57,30137,1390],{"class":938},[57,30139,11025],{"class":942},[57,30141,1395],{"class":938},[57,30143,1081],{"class":67},[57,30145,1390],{"class":938},[57,30147,7436],{"class":942},[57,30149,1395],{"class":938},[57,30151,972],{"class":67},[57,30153,5921],{"class":80},[57,30155,7446],{"class":67},[57,30157,30158,30160,30162,30164,30166,30168,30170,30172,30174,30176,30178,30180,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30159,7415],{"class":67},[57,30161,1395],{"class":938},[57,30163,5798],{"class":942},[57,30165,1395],{"class":938},[57,30167,972],{"class":67},[57,30169,1390],{"class":938},[57,30171,11025],{"class":942},[57,30173,1395],{"class":938},[57,30175,1081],{"class":67},[57,30177,1390],{"class":938},[57,30179,7436],{"class":942},[57,30181,1395],{"class":938},[57,30183,972],{"class":67},[57,30185,28633],{"class":80},[57,30187,1081],{"class":67},[57,30189,1390],{"class":938},[57,30191,8547],{"class":942},[57,30193,1395],{"class":938},[57,30195,972],{"class":67},[57,30197,1390],{"class":938},[57,30199,14179],{"class":942},[57,30201,1395],{"class":938},[57,30203,7446],{"class":67},[15,30205,30206,30207,498],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[373,30208,14746],{"href":14745},[43,30210,913],{"id":912},[15,30212,8887,30213,972],{},[19,30214,13101],{},[27,30216,30217,30224,30228,30231,30234],{},[30,30218,10738,30219,30221,30222],{},[19,30220,13101],{}," to a variable and getting ",[19,30223,1890],{},[30,30225,6587,30226,10746],{},[19,30227,13101],{},[30,30229,30230],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[30,30232,30233],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[30,30235,30236],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[15,30238,30239],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[48,30241,30243],{"className":50,"code":30242,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[19,30244,30245,30255,30269,30283,30305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30246,30247,30249,30251,30253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30248,64],{"class":63},[57,30250,68],{"class":67},[57,30252,9591],{"class":238},[57,30254,242],{"class":67},[57,30256,30257,30259,30261,30263,30265,30267],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30258,64],{"class":63},[57,30260,68],{"class":67},[57,30262,1315],{"class":990},[57,30264,68],{"class":67},[57,30266,7341],{"class":238},[57,30268,84],{"class":67},[57,30270,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,30272,64],{"class":63},[57,30274,68],{"class":67},[57,30276,6226],{"class":990},[57,30278,68],{"class":67},[57,30280,7341],{"class":238},[57,30282,84],{"class":67},[57,30284,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,30286,64],{"class":63},[57,30288,68],{"class":67},[57,30290,9591],{"class":238},[57,30292,498],{"class":67},[57,30294,17901],{"class":238},[57,30296,68],{"class":67},[57,30298,1395],{"class":938},[57,30300,12988],{"class":942},[57,30302,1395],{"class":938},[57,30304,84],{"class":67},[57,30306,30307,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,30308,30309],{"class":63},"help",[57,30311,68],{"class":67},[57,30313,6957],{"class":990},[57,30315,498],{"class":67},[57,30317,28620],{"class":22903},[57,30319,242],{"class":67},[15,30321,30322],{},"These can help you check:",[27,30324,30325,30328,30333,30336,30339],{},[30,30326,30327],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[30,30329,30330,30331],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[19,30332,13101],{},[30,30334,30335],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[30,30337,30338],{},"Whether a key exists",[30,30340,30341],{},"The built-in method help text",[15,30343,30344,30345,498],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[373,30346,9403],{"href":9214},[43,30348,1554],{"id":1553},[616,30350,10848,30352,30354],{"id":30351},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[19,30353,13101],{}," return a new dictionary?",[15,30356,30357,30358,498],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[19,30359,1890],{},[616,30361,10848,30363,30365],{"id":30362},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[19,30364,13101],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[15,30367,30368],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[616,30370,3292,30372,30374],{"id":30371},"can-update-add-new-keys",[19,30373,13101],{}," add new keys?",[15,30376,30377],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[616,30379,26483,30381,30383],{"id":30380},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[19,30382,13101],{}," with a list?",[15,30385,30386,30387,498],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[19,30388,9235],{},[616,30390,3302,30392,30394],{"id":30391},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[19,30393,13101],{}," and assigning one key?",[15,30396,30397,30398,30400],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[19,30399,13101],{}," can change many keys at once.",[43,30402,1602],{"id":1601},[27,30404,30405,30409,30413,30418,30422],{},[30,30406,30407],{},[373,30408,24249],{"href":7528},[30,30410,30411],{},[373,30412,9392],{"href":8870},[30,30414,30415],{},[373,30416,30417],{"href":29242},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,30419,30420],{},[373,30421,19609],{"href":14745},[30,30423,30424],{},[373,30425,9403],{"href":9214},[1634,30427,30428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":30430},[30431,30432,30434,30435,30437,30439,30440,30441,30443,30444,30456],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":28675,"depth":87,"text":30433},"What update() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":29035,"depth":87,"text":30436},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":29246,"depth":87,"text":30438},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":29487,"depth":87,"text":29488},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":29970,"depth":87,"text":30442},"When to use update()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":30445},[30446,30448,30450,30452,30454],{"id":30351,"depth":103,"text":30447},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":30362,"depth":103,"text":30449},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":30371,"depth":103,"text":30451},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":30380,"depth":103,"text":30453},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":30391,"depth":103,"text":30455},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":28553,"description":30457},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":30463,"title":30464,"body":30465,"description":32454,"extension":1666,"meta":32455,"navigation":317,"path":21047,"seo":32456,"stem":32457,"__hash__":32458},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":8,"value":30466,"toc":32417},[30467,30472,30479,30482,30484,30583,30585,30640,30645,30650,30664,30669,30671,30686,30688,30702,30715,30720,30726,30733,30735,30842,30844,30893,30899,30974,30976,30997,30999,31002,31107,31109,31164,31166,31194,31198,31203,31282,31284,31304,31306,31317,31327,31331,31336,31440,31442,31467,31470,31481,31486,31495,31498,31515,31517,31604,31606,31669,31671,31694,31696,31701,31707,31712,31714,31753,31759,31762,31781,31792,31798,31801,31874,31876,31895,31900,31903,31926,31932,31935,31999,32002,32079,32086,32089,32148,32154,32156,32175,32179,32182,32233,32236,32256,32258,32319,32321,32326,32331,32336,32341,32346,32351,32357,32360,32369,32377,32379,32414],[11,30468,9459,30470,9463],{"id":30469},"python-dictionary-values-method",[19,30471,15220],{},[15,30473,30474,30475,30478],{},"The Python ",[19,30476,30477],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[15,30480,30481],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[43,30483,46],{"id":45},[48,30485,30487],{"className":50,"code":30486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[19,30488,30489,30541,30555,30559,30569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30490,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30492,11008],{"class":285},[57,30494,289],{"class":76},[57,30496,8629],{"class":67},[57,30498,939],{"class":938},[57,30500,5798],{"class":942},[57,30502,939],{"class":938},[57,30504,972],{"class":67},[57,30506,1449],{"class":938},[57,30508,11025],{"class":942},[57,30510,939],{"class":938},[57,30512,1081],{"class":67},[57,30514,1449],{"class":938},[57,30516,7436],{"class":942},[57,30518,939],{"class":938},[57,30520,972],{"class":67},[57,30522,5921],{"class":80},[57,30524,1081],{"class":67},[57,30526,1449],{"class":938},[57,30528,8547],{"class":942},[57,30530,939],{"class":938},[57,30532,972],{"class":67},[57,30534,1449],{"class":938},[57,30536,14179],{"class":942},[57,30538,939],{"class":938},[57,30540,7446],{"class":67},[57,30542,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30544,1935],{"class":285},[57,30546,289],{"class":76},[57,30548,11051],{"class":285},[57,30550,498],{"class":67},[57,30552,3482],{"class":238},[57,30554,6778],{"class":67},[57,30556,30557],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,30558,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,30560,30561,30563,30565,30567],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,30562,64],{"class":63},[57,30564,68],{"class":67},[57,30566,3482],{"class":238},[57,30568,242],{"class":67},[57,30570,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,30572,64],{"class":63},[57,30574,68],{"class":67},[57,30576,6226],{"class":990},[57,30578,68],{"class":67},[57,30580,3482],{"class":238},[57,30582,84],{"class":67},[15,30584,131],{},[48,30586,30588],{"className":50,"code":30587,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[19,30589,30590,30616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30591,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30593,15186],{"class":238},[57,30595,1075],{"class":67},[57,30597,1395],{"class":938},[57,30599,11025],{"class":942},[57,30601,1395],{"class":938},[57,30603,1081],{"class":67},[57,30605,5921],{"class":80},[57,30607,1081],{"class":67},[57,30609,1390],{"class":938},[57,30611,14179],{"class":942},[57,30613,1395],{"class":938},[57,30615,2003],{"class":67},[57,30617,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30619,2015],{"class":67},[57,30621,1395],{"class":938},[57,30623,11025],{"class":942},[57,30625,1395],{"class":938},[57,30627,1081],{"class":67},[57,30629,5921],{"class":80},[57,30631,1081],{"class":67},[57,30633,1390],{"class":938},[57,30635,14179],{"class":942},[57,30637,1395],{"class":938},[57,30639,1742],{"class":67},[15,30641,30642,30644],{},[19,30643,15220],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[43,30646,1787,30648,1790],{"id":30647},"what-values-does",[19,30649,15220],{},[27,30651,30652,30655,30658,30661],{},[30,30653,30654],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[30,30656,30657],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[30,30659,30660],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[30,30662,30663],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[15,30665,30666,30667,498],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[373,30668,7529],{"href":7528},[43,30670,221],{"id":220},[48,30672,30674],{"className":50,"code":30673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.values()\n",[19,30675,30676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30677,30678,30680,30682,30684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30679,9591],{"class":285},[57,30681,498],{"class":67},[57,30683,3482],{"class":238},[57,30685,6778],{"class":67},[15,30687,11197],{},[27,30689,30690,30694,30697],{},[30,30691,30692,9607],{},[19,30693,15220],{},[30,30695,30696],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[30,30698,30699,30700],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[19,30701,15220],{},[15,30703,30704,30705,2511,30710,498],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[373,30706,30707,30709],{"href":15211},[19,30708,15214],{}," for dictionary keys",[373,30711,30712,30714],{"href":15224},[19,30713,15227],{}," for key-value pairs",[43,30716,1787,30718,9848],{"id":30717},"what-values-returns",[19,30719,15220],{},[15,30721,30722,20127,30724,22917],{},[19,30723,15220],{},[19,30725,15186],{},[15,30727,30728,30729,30732],{},"This object is a ",[1854,30730,30731],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[15,30734,275],{},[48,30736,30738],{"className":50,"code":30737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[19,30739,30740,30776,30780,30795,30806,30810,30832],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30741,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30743,11350],{"class":285},[57,30745,289],{"class":76},[57,30747,8629],{"class":67},[57,30749,939],{"class":938},[57,30751,5798],{"class":942},[57,30753,939],{"class":938},[57,30755,972],{"class":67},[57,30757,1449],{"class":938},[57,30759,6053],{"class":942},[57,30761,939],{"class":938},[57,30763,1081],{"class":67},[57,30765,1449],{"class":938},[57,30767,7436],{"class":942},[57,30769,939],{"class":938},[57,30771,972],{"class":67},[57,30773,7443],{"class":80},[57,30775,7446],{"class":67},[57,30777,30778],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30779,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,30781,30782,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,30783,30784],{"class":285},"values_view ",[57,30786,289],{"class":76},[57,30788,11393],{"class":285},[57,30790,498],{"class":67},[57,30792,3482],{"class":238},[57,30794,6778],{"class":67},[57,30796,30797,30799,30801,30804],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,30798,64],{"class":63},[57,30800,68],{"class":67},[57,30802,30803],{"class":238},"values_view",[57,30805,242],{"class":67},[57,30807,30808],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,30809,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,30811,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,30813,15456],{"class":285},[57,30815,2015],{"class":67},[57,30817,939],{"class":938},[57,30819,8547],{"class":942},[57,30821,939],{"class":938},[57,30823,11419],{"class":67},[57,30825,11422],{"class":76},[57,30827,1449],{"class":938},[57,30829,28799],{"class":942},[57,30831,1455],{"class":938},[57,30833,30834,30836,30838,30840],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,30835,64],{"class":63},[57,30837,68],{"class":67},[57,30839,30803],{"class":238},[57,30841,242],{"class":67},[15,30843,131],{},[48,30845,30847],{"className":50,"code":30846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[19,30848,30849,30867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30850,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30852,15186],{"class":238},[57,30854,1075],{"class":67},[57,30856,1395],{"class":938},[57,30858,6053],{"class":942},[57,30860,1395],{"class":938},[57,30862,1081],{"class":67},[57,30864,7443],{"class":80},[57,30866,2003],{"class":67},[57,30868,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30870,15186],{"class":238},[57,30872,1075],{"class":67},[57,30874,1395],{"class":938},[57,30876,6053],{"class":942},[57,30878,1395],{"class":938},[57,30880,1081],{"class":67},[57,30882,7443],{"class":80},[57,30884,1081],{"class":67},[57,30886,1390],{"class":938},[57,30888,28799],{"class":942},[57,30890,1395],{"class":938},[57,30892,2003],{"class":67},[15,30894,30895,30896,498],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[19,30897,30898],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[48,30900,30902],{"className":50,"code":30901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[19,30903,30904,30940,30959,30963],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30905,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30907,11350],{"class":285},[57,30909,289],{"class":76},[57,30911,8629],{"class":67},[57,30913,939],{"class":938},[57,30915,5798],{"class":942},[57,30917,939],{"class":938},[57,30919,972],{"class":67},[57,30921,1449],{"class":938},[57,30923,6053],{"class":942},[57,30925,939],{"class":938},[57,30927,1081],{"class":67},[57,30929,1449],{"class":938},[57,30931,7436],{"class":942},[57,30933,939],{"class":938},[57,30935,972],{"class":67},[57,30937,7443],{"class":80},[57,30939,7446],{"class":67},[57,30941,30942,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,30943,30944],{"class":285},"values_list ",[57,30946,289],{"class":76},[57,30948,20712],{"class":990},[57,30950,68],{"class":67},[57,30952,15456],{"class":238},[57,30954,498],{"class":67},[57,30956,3482],{"class":238},[57,30958,5323],{"class":67},[57,30960,30961],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,30962,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,30964,30965,30967,30969,30972],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,30966,64],{"class":63},[57,30968,68],{"class":67},[57,30970,30971],{"class":238},"values_list",[57,30973,242],{"class":67},[15,30975,131],{},[48,30977,30979],{"className":50,"code":30978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 25]\n",[19,30980,30981],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30982,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30984,2015],{"class":67},[57,30986,1395],{"class":938},[57,30988,6053],{"class":942},[57,30990,1395],{"class":938},[57,30992,1081],{"class":67},[57,30994,7443],{"class":80},[57,30996,1742],{"class":67},[43,30998,9617],{"id":9616},[15,31000,31001],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[48,31003,31005],{"className":50,"code":31004,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,31006,31007,31061,31065,31079,31083,31093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31008,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31042,31044,31046,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31010,22949],{"class":285},[57,31012,289],{"class":76},[57,31014,8629],{"class":67},[57,31016,939],{"class":938},[57,31018,22958],{"class":942},[57,31020,939],{"class":938},[57,31022,972],{"class":67},[57,31024,1449],{"class":938},[57,31026,22967],{"class":942},[57,31028,939],{"class":938},[57,31030,1081],{"class":67},[57,31032,1449],{"class":938},[57,31034,22976],{"class":942},[57,31036,939],{"class":938},[57,31038,972],{"class":67},[57,31040,31041],{"class":80}," 2022",[57,31043,1081],{"class":67},[57,31045,1449],{"class":938},[57,31047,31048],{"class":942},"color",[57,31050,939],{"class":938},[57,31052,972],{"class":67},[57,31054,1449],{"class":938},[57,31056,11255],{"class":942},[57,31058,939],{"class":938},[57,31060,7446],{"class":67},[57,31062,31063],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31064,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31066,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31068,300],{"class":285},[57,31070,289],{"class":76},[57,31072,22998],{"class":285},[57,31074,498],{"class":67},[57,31076,3482],{"class":238},[57,31078,6778],{"class":67},[57,31080,31081],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,31082,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31084,31085,31087,31089,31091],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,31086,64],{"class":63},[57,31088,68],{"class":67},[57,31090,339],{"class":238},[57,31092,242],{"class":67},[57,31094,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,31096,64],{"class":63},[57,31098,68],{"class":67},[57,31100,6226],{"class":990},[57,31102,68],{"class":67},[57,31104,339],{"class":238},[57,31106,84],{"class":67},[15,31108,131],{},[48,31110,31112],{"className":50,"code":31111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[19,31113,31114,31140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31115,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31117,15186],{"class":238},[57,31119,1075],{"class":67},[57,31121,1395],{"class":938},[57,31123,22967],{"class":942},[57,31125,1395],{"class":938},[57,31127,1081],{"class":67},[57,31129,31041],{"class":80},[57,31131,1081],{"class":67},[57,31133,1390],{"class":938},[57,31135,11255],{"class":942},[57,31137,1395],{"class":938},[57,31139,2003],{"class":67},[57,31141,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31143,2015],{"class":67},[57,31145,1395],{"class":938},[57,31147,22967],{"class":942},[57,31149,1395],{"class":938},[57,31151,1081],{"class":67},[57,31153,31041],{"class":80},[57,31155,1081],{"class":67},[57,31157,1390],{"class":938},[57,31159,11255],{"class":942},[57,31161,1395],{"class":938},[57,31163,1742],{"class":67},[15,31165,9826],{},[27,31167,31168,31174,31180,31188],{},[30,31169,31170,31173],{},[19,31171,31172],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[30,31175,31176,31179],{},[19,31177,31178],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[30,31181,31182,31185,31186,22770],{},[19,31183,31184],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[19,31187,15186],{},[30,31189,31190,31193],{},[19,31191,31192],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[43,31195,31197],{"id":31196},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[15,31199,31200,31201,24218],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[19,31202,4083],{},[48,31204,31206],{"className":50,"code":31205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[19,31207,31208,31252,31256,31272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31209,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31211,3185],{"class":285},[57,31213,289],{"class":76},[57,31215,8629],{"class":67},[57,31217,939],{"class":938},[57,31219,16567],{"class":942},[57,31221,939],{"class":938},[57,31223,972],{"class":67},[57,31225,18049],{"class":80},[57,31227,1081],{"class":67},[57,31229,1449],{"class":938},[57,31231,29309],{"class":942},[57,31233,939],{"class":938},[57,31235,972],{"class":67},[57,31237,11653],{"class":80},[57,31239,1081],{"class":67},[57,31241,1449],{"class":938},[57,31243,16576],{"class":942},[57,31245,939],{"class":938},[57,31247,972],{"class":67},[57,31249,27075],{"class":80},[57,31251,7446],{"class":67},[57,31253,31254],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31255,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31257,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31259,4083],{"class":1990},[57,31261,19736],{"class":285},[57,31263,1997],{"class":1990},[57,31265,3232],{"class":285},[57,31267,498],{"class":67},[57,31269,3482],{"class":238},[57,31271,19747],{"class":67},[57,31273,31274,31276,31278,31280],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,31275,6201],{"class":63},[57,31277,68],{"class":67},[57,31279,552],{"class":238},[57,31281,242],{"class":67},[15,31283,131],{},[48,31285,31287],{"className":50,"code":31286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"90\n85\n88\n",[19,31288,31289,31294,31299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31290,31291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31292,31293],{"class":80},"90\n",[57,31295,31296],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31297,31298],{"class":80},"85\n",[57,31300,31301],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31302,31303],{"class":80},"88\n",[15,31305,15860],{},[27,31307,31308,31311,31314],{},[30,31309,31310],{},"You only need the values",[30,31312,31313],{},"You do not care about the keys",[30,31315,31316],{},"You want simpler code",[15,31318,31319,31320,965,31324,498],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[373,31321,8876,31322,8880],{"href":15224},[19,31323,15227],{},[373,31325,20627],{"href":31326},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[43,31328,31330],{"id":31329},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[15,31332,154,31333,31335],{},[19,31334,30898],{}," when you need a list.",[48,31337,31339],{"className":50,"code":31338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[19,31340,31341,31387,31391,31411,31415,31426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31342,31343,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31379,31381,31383,31385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31344,31345],{"class":285},"fruit_prices ",[57,31347,289],{"class":76},[57,31349,8629],{"class":67},[57,31351,939],{"class":938},[57,31353,2195],{"class":942},[57,31355,939],{"class":938},[57,31357,972],{"class":67},[57,31359,1084],{"class":80},[57,31361,1081],{"class":67},[57,31363,1449],{"class":938},[57,31365,2204],{"class":942},[57,31367,939],{"class":938},[57,31369,972],{"class":67},[57,31371,3622],{"class":80},[57,31373,1081],{"class":67},[57,31375,1449],{"class":938},[57,31377,31378],{"class":942},"orange",[57,31380,939],{"class":938},[57,31382,972],{"class":67},[57,31384,530],{"class":80},[57,31386,7446],{"class":67},[57,31388,31389],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31390,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31392,31393,31396,31398,31400,31402,31405,31407,31409],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31394,31395],{"class":285},"price_list ",[57,31397,289],{"class":76},[57,31399,20712],{"class":990},[57,31401,68],{"class":67},[57,31403,31404],{"class":238},"fruit_prices",[57,31406,498],{"class":67},[57,31408,3482],{"class":238},[57,31410,5323],{"class":67},[57,31412,31413],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,31414,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31416,31417,31419,31421,31424],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,31418,64],{"class":63},[57,31420,68],{"class":67},[57,31422,31423],{"class":238},"price_list",[57,31425,242],{"class":67},[57,31427,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,31429,64],{"class":63},[57,31431,68],{"class":67},[57,31433,31423],{"class":238},[57,31435,2015],{"class":67},[57,31437,182],{"class":80},[57,31439,2003],{"class":67},[15,31441,131],{},[48,31443,31445],{"className":50,"code":31444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[19,31446,31447,31463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31448,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31450,2015],{"class":67},[57,31452,116],{"class":80},[57,31454,1081],{"class":67},[57,31456,3622],{"class":80},[57,31458,1081],{"class":67},[57,31460,530],{"class":80},[57,31462,1742],{"class":67},[57,31464,31465],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31466,15205],{"class":80},[15,31468,31469],{},"This is helpful for:",[27,31471,31472,31475,31478],{},[30,31473,31474],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[30,31476,31477],{},"Accessing values by index",[30,31479,31480],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[15,31482,2040,31483,31485],{},[19,31484,15186],{}," is not the same as a list.",[43,31487,31489,8724,31491,8724,31493],{"id":31488},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[19,31490,15220],{},[19,31492,15214],{},[19,31494,15227],{},[15,31496,31497],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[27,31499,31500,31505,31510],{},[30,31501,31502,31504],{},[19,31503,15220],{}," returns only the values",[30,31506,31507,31509],{},[19,31508,15214],{}," returns only the keys",[30,31511,31512,31514],{},[19,31513,15227],{}," returns key-value pairs",[15,31516,188],{},[48,31518,31520],{"className":50,"code":31519,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[19,31521,31522,31558,31562,31576,31590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31523,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31525,11008],{"class":285},[57,31527,289],{"class":76},[57,31529,8629],{"class":67},[57,31531,939],{"class":938},[57,31533,5798],{"class":942},[57,31535,939],{"class":938},[57,31537,972],{"class":67},[57,31539,1449],{"class":938},[57,31541,11025],{"class":942},[57,31543,939],{"class":938},[57,31545,1081],{"class":67},[57,31547,1449],{"class":938},[57,31549,7436],{"class":942},[57,31551,939],{"class":938},[57,31553,972],{"class":67},[57,31555,5921],{"class":80},[57,31557,7446],{"class":67},[57,31559,31560],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31561,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31563,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31565,64],{"class":63},[57,31567,68],{"class":67},[57,31569,11772],{"class":238},[57,31571,498],{"class":67},[57,31573,15072],{"class":238},[57,31575,5323],{"class":67},[57,31577,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,31579,64],{"class":63},[57,31581,68],{"class":67},[57,31583,11772],{"class":238},[57,31585,498],{"class":67},[57,31587,3482],{"class":238},[57,31589,5323],{"class":67},[57,31591,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,31593,64],{"class":63},[57,31595,68],{"class":67},[57,31597,11772],{"class":238},[57,31599,498],{"class":67},[57,31601,5941],{"class":238},[57,31603,5323],{"class":67},[15,31605,131],{},[48,31607,31609],{"className":50,"code":31608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[19,31610,31611,31633,31651],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31612,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31614,15163],{"class":238},[57,31616,1075],{"class":67},[57,31618,1395],{"class":938},[57,31620,5798],{"class":942},[57,31622,1395],{"class":938},[57,31624,1081],{"class":67},[57,31626,1390],{"class":938},[57,31628,7436],{"class":942},[57,31630,1395],{"class":938},[57,31632,2003],{"class":67},[57,31634,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31636,15186],{"class":238},[57,31638,1075],{"class":67},[57,31640,1395],{"class":938},[57,31642,11025],{"class":942},[57,31644,1395],{"class":938},[57,31646,1081],{"class":67},[57,31648,5921],{"class":80},[57,31650,2003],{"class":67},[57,31652,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31654,20060],{"class":238},[57,31656,7795],{"class":67},[57,31658,1395],{"class":938},[57,31660,5798],{"class":942},[57,31662,1395],{"class":938},[57,31664,1081],{"class":67},[57,31666,5921],{"class":80},[57,31668,8818],{"class":67},[15,31670,16845],{},[27,31672,31673,31680,31687],{},[30,31674,31675,31679],{},[373,31676,31677],{"href":15211},[19,31678,15214],{}," when you need just the keys",[30,31681,31682,31686],{},[373,31683,31684],{"href":15217},[19,31685,15220],{}," when you need just the values",[30,31688,31689,31693],{},[373,31690,31691],{"href":15224},[19,31692,15227],{}," when you need both",[43,31695,2637],{"id":2636},[15,31697,31698,31699,498],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[19,31700,15220],{},[616,31702,27805,31704,31706],{"id":31703},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[19,31705,15220],{}," on the wrong type",[15,31708,31709,31711],{},[19,31710,15220],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[15,31713,14792],{},[48,31715,31717],{"className":50,"code":31716,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[19,31718,31719,31739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31720,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31722,6441],{"class":285},[57,31724,289],{"class":76},[57,31726,1729],{"class":67},[57,31728,1078],{"class":80},[57,31730,1081],{"class":67},[57,31732,1084],{"class":80},[57,31734,1081],{"class":67},[57,31736,530],{"class":80},[57,31738,1742],{"class":67},[57,31740,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31742,64],{"class":63},[57,31744,68],{"class":67},[57,31746,6472],{"class":238},[57,31748,498],{"class":67},[57,31750,3482],{"class":238},[57,31752,5323],{"class":67},[15,31754,31755,31756,31758],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[19,31757,15220],{}," method.",[15,31760,31761],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[48,31763,31765],{"className":50,"code":31764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_list))\n",[19,31766,31767],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31768,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31770,64],{"class":63},[57,31772,68],{"class":67},[57,31774,1315],{"class":990},[57,31776,68],{"class":67},[57,31778,6472],{"class":238},[57,31780,84],{"class":67},[15,31782,31783,31784,31786,31787,498],{},"If you get an ",[19,31785,23825],{},", see ",[373,31788,23833,31789,31791],{"href":23832},[19,31790,23836],{}," errors",[616,31793,2698,31795,31797],{"id":31794},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[19,31796,15220],{}," returns a list",[15,31799,31800],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[48,31802,31804],{"className":50,"code":31803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[19,31805,31806,31842,31856,31860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31807,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31809,11008],{"class":285},[57,31811,289],{"class":76},[57,31813,8629],{"class":67},[57,31815,939],{"class":938},[57,31817,5798],{"class":942},[57,31819,939],{"class":938},[57,31821,972],{"class":67},[57,31823,1449],{"class":938},[57,31825,11025],{"class":942},[57,31827,939],{"class":938},[57,31829,1081],{"class":67},[57,31831,1449],{"class":938},[57,31833,7436],{"class":942},[57,31835,939],{"class":938},[57,31837,972],{"class":67},[57,31839,5921],{"class":80},[57,31841,7446],{"class":67},[57,31843,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31845,1935],{"class":285},[57,31847,289],{"class":76},[57,31849,11051],{"class":285},[57,31851,498],{"class":67},[57,31853,3482],{"class":238},[57,31855,6778],{"class":67},[57,31857,31858],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31859,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31861,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,31863,64],{"class":63},[57,31865,68],{"class":67},[57,31867,1315],{"class":990},[57,31869,68],{"class":67},[57,31871,3482],{"class":238},[57,31873,84],{"class":67},[15,31875,131],{},[48,31877,31879],{"className":50,"code":31878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[19,31880,31881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31882,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31884,1384],{"class":76},[57,31886,1387],{"class":125},[57,31888,1390],{"class":938},[57,31890,15186],{"class":942},[57,31892,1395],{"class":938},[57,31894,1398],{"class":76},[15,31896,3270,31897,31899],{},[19,31898,15186],{},", not a list.",[15,31901,31902],{},"If you need a list:",[48,31904,31906],{"className":50,"code":31905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(student.values())\n",[19,31907,31908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31909,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31911,1935],{"class":285},[57,31913,289],{"class":76},[57,31915,20712],{"class":990},[57,31917,68],{"class":67},[57,31919,11772],{"class":238},[57,31921,498],{"class":67},[57,31923,3482],{"class":238},[57,31925,5323],{"class":67},[616,31927,31929,31930],{"id":31928},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[19,31931,15186],{},[15,31933,31934],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[48,31936,31938],{"className":50,"code":31937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[19,31939,31940,31976,31990,31994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31941,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31943,11008],{"class":285},[57,31945,289],{"class":76},[57,31947,8629],{"class":67},[57,31949,939],{"class":938},[57,31951,5798],{"class":942},[57,31953,939],{"class":938},[57,31955,972],{"class":67},[57,31957,1449],{"class":938},[57,31959,11025],{"class":942},[57,31961,939],{"class":938},[57,31963,1081],{"class":67},[57,31965,1449],{"class":938},[57,31967,7436],{"class":942},[57,31969,939],{"class":938},[57,31971,972],{"class":67},[57,31973,5921],{"class":80},[57,31975,7446],{"class":67},[57,31977,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,31979,1935],{"class":285},[57,31981,289],{"class":76},[57,31983,11051],{"class":285},[57,31985,498],{"class":67},[57,31987,3482],{"class":238},[57,31989,6778],{"class":67},[57,31991,31992],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,31993,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,31995,31996],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,31997,31998],{"class":1772},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,32000,32001],{},"Convert to a list first:",[48,32003,32005],{"className":50,"code":32004,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[19,32006,32007,32043,32061,32065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32008,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32010,11008],{"class":285},[57,32012,289],{"class":76},[57,32014,8629],{"class":67},[57,32016,939],{"class":938},[57,32018,5798],{"class":942},[57,32020,939],{"class":938},[57,32022,972],{"class":67},[57,32024,1449],{"class":938},[57,32026,11025],{"class":942},[57,32028,939],{"class":938},[57,32030,1081],{"class":67},[57,32032,1449],{"class":938},[57,32034,7436],{"class":942},[57,32036,939],{"class":938},[57,32038,972],{"class":67},[57,32040,5921],{"class":80},[57,32042,7446],{"class":67},[57,32044,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32046,1935],{"class":285},[57,32048,289],{"class":76},[57,32050,20712],{"class":990},[57,32052,68],{"class":67},[57,32054,11772],{"class":238},[57,32056,498],{"class":67},[57,32058,3482],{"class":238},[57,32060,5323],{"class":67},[57,32062,32063],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,32064,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,32066,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,32068,64],{"class":63},[57,32070,68],{"class":67},[57,32072,3482],{"class":238},[57,32074,2015],{"class":67},[57,32076,182],{"class":80},[57,32078,2003],{"class":67},[616,32080,6551,32082,9232,32084],{"id":32081},"using-values-instead-of-values",[19,32083,3482],{},[19,32085,15220],{},[15,32087,32088],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[48,32090,32092],{"className":50,"code":32091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[19,32093,32094,32130,32134],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32095,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32097,11008],{"class":285},[57,32099,289],{"class":76},[57,32101,8629],{"class":67},[57,32103,939],{"class":938},[57,32105,5798],{"class":942},[57,32107,939],{"class":938},[57,32109,972],{"class":67},[57,32111,1449],{"class":938},[57,32113,11025],{"class":942},[57,32115,939],{"class":938},[57,32117,1081],{"class":67},[57,32119,1449],{"class":938},[57,32121,7436],{"class":942},[57,32123,939],{"class":938},[57,32125,972],{"class":67},[57,32127,5921],{"class":80},[57,32129,7446],{"class":67},[57,32131,32132],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32133,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,32135,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,32137,64],{"class":63},[57,32139,68],{"class":67},[57,32141,11772],{"class":238},[57,32143,498],{"class":67},[57,32145,3482],{"class":22903},[57,32147,242],{"class":67},[15,32149,32150,32153],{},[19,32151,32152],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[15,32155,16845],{},[48,32157,32159],{"className":50,"code":32158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(student.values())\n",[19,32160,32161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32162,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32164,64],{"class":63},[57,32166,68],{"class":67},[57,32168,11772],{"class":238},[57,32170,498],{"class":67},[57,32172,3482],{"class":238},[57,32174,5323],{"class":67},[616,32176,32178],{"id":32177},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[15,32180,32181],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[48,32183,32185],{"className":50,"code":32184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[19,32186,32187,32219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32188,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32190,7302],{"class":285},[57,32192,289],{"class":76},[57,32194,8629],{"class":67},[57,32196,939],{"class":938},[57,32198,373],{"class":942},[57,32200,939],{"class":938},[57,32202,972],{"class":67},[57,32204,3622],{"class":80},[57,32206,1081],{"class":67},[57,32208,1449],{"class":938},[57,32210,2881],{"class":942},[57,32212,939],{"class":938},[57,32214,972],{"class":67},[57,32216,1084],{"class":80},[57,32218,7446],{"class":67},[57,32220,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32222,64],{"class":63},[57,32224,68],{"class":67},[57,32226,7341],{"class":238},[57,32228,498],{"class":67},[57,32230,3482],{"class":238},[57,32232,5323],{"class":67},[15,32234,32235],{},"Not like this:",[48,32237,32239],{"className":50,"code":32238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[19,32240,32241,32246,32251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32242,32243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32244,32245],{"class":1772},"# Wrong examples:\n",[57,32247,32248],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32249,32250],{"class":1772},"# data().values()\n",[57,32252,32253],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,32254,32255],{"class":1772},"# values(data)\n",[15,32257,1435],{},[48,32259,32261],{"className":50,"code":32260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[19,32262,32263,32277,32287,32301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32264,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32266,64],{"class":63},[57,32268,68],{"class":67},[57,32270,1315],{"class":990},[57,32272,68],{"class":67},[57,32274,9591],{"class":238},[57,32276,84],{"class":67},[57,32278,32279,32281,32283,32285],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32280,64],{"class":63},[57,32282,68],{"class":67},[57,32284,9591],{"class":238},[57,32286,242],{"class":67},[57,32288,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,32290,64],{"class":63},[57,32292,68],{"class":67},[57,32294,9591],{"class":238},[57,32296,498],{"class":67},[57,32298,3482],{"class":238},[57,32300,5323],{"class":67},[57,32302,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,32304,64],{"class":63},[57,32306,68],{"class":67},[57,32308,6226],{"class":990},[57,32310,68],{"class":67},[57,32312,9591],{"class":238},[57,32314,498],{"class":67},[57,32316,3482],{"class":238},[57,32318,4416],{"class":67},[43,32320,1554],{"id":1553},[616,32322,3264,32324,3267],{"id":32323},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[19,32325,30477],{},[15,32327,15571,32328,32330],{},[19,32329,15186],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[616,32332,10848,32334,22084],{"id":32333},"does-values-return-a-list",[19,32335,15220],{},[15,32337,22087,32338,22091],{},[19,32339,32340],{},"list(...)",[616,32342,24210,32344,572],{"id":32343},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[19,32345,30477],{},[15,32347,32348,32349,24218],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[19,32350,4083],{},[616,32352,10848,32354,32356],{"id":32353},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[19,32355,30477],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[15,32358,32359],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[616,32361,32363,32364,32366,32367,572],{"id":32362},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[19,32365,15220],{}," different from ",[19,32368,15227],{},[15,32370,32371,32373,32374,32376],{},[19,32372,15220],{}," returns only values. ",[19,32375,15227],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[43,32378,1602],{"id":1601},[27,32380,32381,32387,32393,32397,32403,32407],{},[30,32382,32383],{},[373,32384,8876,32385,8880],{"href":15211},[19,32386,15214],{},[30,32388,32389],{},[373,32390,8876,32391,8880],{"href":15224},[19,32392,15227],{},[30,32394,32395],{},[373,32396,9383],{"href":7528},[30,32398,32399],{},[373,32400,32402],{"href":32401},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[30,32404,32405],{},[373,32406,22169],{"href":31326},[30,32408,32409],{},[373,32410,28503,32411],{"href":23832},[19,32412,32413],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1634,32415,32416],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":32418},[32419,32420,32422,32423,32425,32426,32427,32428,32430,32441,32453],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":30647,"depth":87,"text":32421},"What values() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":30717,"depth":87,"text":32424},"What values() returns",{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":31196,"depth":87,"text":31197},{"id":31329,"depth":87,"text":31330},{"id":31488,"depth":87,"text":32429},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":32431},[32432,32434,32436,32438,32440],{"id":31703,"depth":103,"text":32433},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":31794,"depth":103,"text":32435},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":31928,"depth":103,"text":32437},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":32081,"depth":103,"text":32439},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":32177,"depth":103,"text":32178},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":32442},[32443,32445,32447,32449,32451],{"id":32323,"depth":103,"text":32444},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":32333,"depth":103,"text":32446},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":32343,"depth":103,"text":32448},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":32353,"depth":103,"text":32450},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":32362,"depth":103,"text":32452},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30464,"description":32454},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":32460,"title":32461,"body":32462,"description":33893,"extension":1666,"meta":33894,"navigation":317,"path":33895,"seo":33896,"stem":33897,"__hash__":33898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":32463,"toc":33845},[32464,32470,32475,32478,32494,32503,32505,32537,32543,32546,32641,32644,32649,32654,32657,32668,32670,32684,32690,32692,32697,32703,32706,32745,32753,32758,32761,32806,32809,32821,32827,32833,32837,32870,32873,32891,32894,32898,32937,32939,32959,32962,32974,32979,32985,32988,33043,33046,33057,33060,33071,33074,33078,33084,33086,33116,33119,33134,33137,33140,33159,33162,33178,33187,33189,33220,33226,33231,33234,33241,33272,33275,33297,33300,33303,33317,33321,33352,33367,33374,33381,33385,33393,33397,33405,33408,33457,33468,33470,33473,33479,33484,33494,33498,33501,33504,33508,33511,33513,33534,33538,33544,33555,33561,33563,33569,33593,33596,33659,33662,33690,33693,33755,33757,33762,33765,33772,33780,33787,33790,33798,33804,33806,33833,33842],[11,32465,1680,32467,1684],{"id":32466},"python-dir-function-explained",[19,32468,32469],{},"dir()",[15,32471,30474,32472,32474],{},[19,32473,32469],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[15,32476,32477],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[27,32479,32480,32483,32486,32491],{},[30,32481,32482],{},"learning Python",[30,32484,32485],{},"exploring a new object",[30,32487,32488,32489],{},"debugging an ",[19,32490,23825],{},[30,32492,32493],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[15,32495,32496,32497,32499,32500],{},"In short, ",[19,32498,32469],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[1854,32501,32502],{},"“What can I use here?”",[43,32504,46],{"id":45},[48,32506,32508],{"className":50,"code":32507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[19,32509,32510,32522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32511,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32513,6008],{"class":285},[57,32515,289],{"class":76},[57,32517,1449],{"class":938},[57,32519,1958],{"class":942},[57,32521,1455],{"class":938},[57,32523,32524,32526,32528,32531,32533,32535],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32525,64],{"class":63},[57,32527,68],{"class":67},[57,32529,32530],{"class":63},"dir",[57,32532,68],{"class":67},[57,32534,5798],{"class":238},[57,32536,84],{"class":67},[15,32538,154,32539,32542],{},[19,32540,32541],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[15,32544,32545],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[48,32547,32549],{"className":50,"code":32548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[19,32550,32551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32552,32553,32555,32557,32560,32562,32564,32566,32569,32571,32573,32575,32578,32580,32582,32584,32587,32589,32591,32593,32596,32598,32600,32602,32605,32607,32609,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32628,32630,32632,32634,32637,32639],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32554,2015],{"class":67},[57,32556,1395],{"class":938},[57,32558,32559],{"class":942},"__add__",[57,32561,1395],{"class":938},[57,32563,1081],{"class":67},[57,32565,1390],{"class":938},[57,32567,32568],{"class":942},"__class__",[57,32570,1395],{"class":938},[57,32572,1081],{"class":67},[57,32574,1390],{"class":938},[57,32576,32577],{"class":942},"__contains__",[57,32579,1395],{"class":938},[57,32581,1081],{"class":67},[57,32583,1390],{"class":938},[57,32585,32586],{"class":942},"__delattr__",[57,32588,1395],{"class":938},[57,32590,1081],{"class":67},[57,32592,1390],{"class":938},[57,32594,32595],{"class":942},"__dir__",[57,32597,1395],{"class":938},[57,32599,1081],{"class":67},[57,32601,1390],{"class":938},[57,32603,32604],{"class":942},"__doc__",[57,32606,1395],{"class":938},[57,32608,1081],{"class":67},[57,32610,32612],{"class":32611},"s_hVV"," ...",[57,32614,1081],{"class":67},[57,32616,1390],{"class":938},[57,32618,6775],{"class":942},[57,32620,1395],{"class":938},[57,32622,1081],{"class":67},[57,32624,1390],{"class":938},[57,32626,32627],{"class":942},"split",[57,32629,1395],{"class":938},[57,32631,1081],{"class":67},[57,32633,1390],{"class":938},[57,32635,32636],{"class":942},"upper",[57,32638,1395],{"class":938},[57,32640,1742],{"class":67},[15,32642,32643],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[43,32645,1787,32647,1790],{"id":32646},"what-dir-does",[19,32648,32469],{},[15,32650,32651,32653],{},[19,32652,32469],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[15,32655,32656],{},"It usually includes:",[27,32658,32659,32662,32665],{},[30,32660,32661],{},"attributes",[30,32663,32664],{},"methods",[30,32666,32667],{},"special Python names",[15,32669,9600],{},[27,32671,32672,32678,32681],{},[30,32673,32674,32675],{},"The result is a ",[1854,32676,32677],{},"list of strings",[30,32679,32680],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[30,32682,32683],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[15,32685,32686,32687,32689],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[19,32688,32469],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[43,32691,221],{"id":220},[15,32693,32694,32696],{},[19,32695,32469],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[616,32698,32700,32702],{"id":32699},"dir-with-no-argument",[19,32701,32469],{}," with no argument",[15,32704,32705],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[48,32707,32709],{"className":50,"code":32708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[19,32710,32711,32719,32731,32735],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32712,32713,32715,32717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32714,1117],{"class":285},[57,32716,289],{"class":76},[57,32718,669],{"class":80},[57,32720,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32722,6008],{"class":285},[57,32724,289],{"class":76},[57,32726,1449],{"class":938},[57,32728,5807],{"class":942},[57,32730,1455],{"class":938},[57,32732,32733],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,32734,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,32736,32737,32739,32741,32743],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,32738,64],{"class":63},[57,32740,68],{"class":67},[57,32742,32530],{"class":63},[57,32744,5323],{"class":67},[15,32746,32747,32748,2511,32750,32752],{},"This will show names such as ",[19,32749,239],{},[19,32751,5798],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[616,32754,32756],{"id":32755},"dirobject",[19,32757,32541],{},[15,32759,32760],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[48,32762,32764],{"className":50,"code":32763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[19,32765,32766,32784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32767,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32769,64],{"class":63},[57,32771,68],{"class":67},[57,32773,32530],{"class":63},[57,32775,68],{"class":67},[57,32777,939],{"class":938},[57,32779,1958],{"class":942},[57,32781,939],{"class":938},[57,32783,84],{"class":67},[57,32785,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32787,64],{"class":63},[57,32789,68],{"class":67},[57,32791,32530],{"class":63},[57,32793,1075],{"class":67},[57,32795,1078],{"class":80},[57,32797,1081],{"class":67},[57,32799,1084],{"class":80},[57,32801,1081],{"class":67},[57,32803,530],{"class":80},[57,32805,1091],{"class":67},[15,32807,32808],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[27,32810,32811,32813,32815,32818],{},[30,32812,3432],{},[30,32814,3423],{},[30,32816,32817],{},"modules",[30,32819,32820],{},"custom objects",[43,32822,6551,32824,32826],{"id":32823},"using-dir-with-a-value",[19,32825,32469],{}," with a value",[15,32828,32829,32830,32832],{},"A common use of ",[19,32831,32469],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[616,32834,32836],{"id":32835},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[48,32838,32840],{"className":50,"code":32839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[19,32841,32842,32855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32843,32844,32847,32849,32851,32853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32845,32846],{"class":285},"text ",[57,32848,289],{"class":76},[57,32850,1449],{"class":938},[57,32852,1958],{"class":942},[57,32854,1455],{"class":938},[57,32856,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32868],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32858,64],{"class":63},[57,32860,68],{"class":67},[57,32862,32530],{"class":63},[57,32864,68],{"class":67},[57,32866,32867],{"class":238},"text",[57,32869,84],{"class":67},[15,32871,32872],{},"You will see method names like:",[27,32874,32875,32879,32883,32887],{},[30,32876,32877],{},[19,32878,6775],{},[30,32880,32881],{},[19,32882,32636],{},[30,32884,32885],{},[19,32886,32627],{},[30,32888,32889],{},[19,32890,6769],{},[15,32892,32893],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[616,32895,32897],{"id":32896},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[48,32899,32901],{"className":50,"code":32900,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[19,32902,32903,32923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32904,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32906,1724],{"class":285},[57,32908,289],{"class":76},[57,32910,1729],{"class":67},[57,32912,1078],{"class":80},[57,32914,1081],{"class":67},[57,32916,1084],{"class":80},[57,32918,1081],{"class":67},[57,32920,530],{"class":80},[57,32922,1742],{"class":67},[57,32924,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,32926,64],{"class":63},[57,32928,68],{"class":67},[57,32930,32530],{"class":63},[57,32932,68],{"class":67},[57,32934,1756],{"class":238},[57,32936,84],{"class":67},[15,32938,32872],{},[27,32940,32941,32945,32949,32954],{},[30,32942,32943],{},[19,32944,11699],{},[30,32946,32947],{},[19,32948,24395],{},[30,32950,32951],{},[19,32952,32953],{},"remove",[30,32955,32956],{},[19,32957,32958],{},"sort",[15,32960,32961],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[15,32963,32964,32965,32970,32971,32973],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[373,32966,32968],{"href":32967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[19,32969,378],{}," can help first. Then ",[19,32972,32469],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[43,32975,6551,32977,32702],{"id":32976},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[19,32978,32469],{},[15,32980,32981,32982,32984],{},"When used with no argument, ",[19,32983,32469],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[15,32986,32987],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[48,32989,32991],{"className":50,"code":32990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[19,32992,32993,33002,33006,33017,33029,33033],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32994,32995,32997,32999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32996,1117],{"class":285},[57,32998,289],{"class":76},[57,33000,33001],{"class":80}," 5\n",[57,33003,33004],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33005,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33007,33008,33011,33015],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33009,33010],{"class":125},"def",[57,33012,33014],{"class":33013},"sGLFI"," greet",[57,33016,19747],{"class":67},[57,33018,33019,33022,33024,33027],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,33020,33021],{"class":1990},"    return",[57,33023,1449],{"class":938},[57,33025,33026],{"class":942},"Hello",[57,33028,1455],{"class":938},[57,33030,33031],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,33032,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33034,33035,33037,33039,33041],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,33036,64],{"class":63},[57,33038,68],{"class":67},[57,33040,32530],{"class":63},[57,33042,5323],{"class":67},[15,33044,33045],{},"The output will include names like:",[27,33047,33048,33052],{},[30,33049,33050],{},[19,33051,239],{},[30,33053,33054],{},[19,33055,33056],{},"greet",[15,33058,33059],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[27,33061,33062,33065,33068],{},[30,33063,33064],{},"what variables exist",[30,33066,33067],{},"what functions you have defined",[30,33069,33070],{},"what names are currently available",[15,33072,33073],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[43,33075,33077],{"id":33076},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[15,33079,33080,33081,33083],{},"When you first use ",[19,33082,32469],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[15,33085,275],{},[48,33087,33088],{"className":50,"code":32839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,33089,33090,33102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33091,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33093,32846],{"class":285},[57,33095,289],{"class":76},[57,33097,1449],{"class":938},[57,33099,1958],{"class":942},[57,33101,1455],{"class":938},[57,33103,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33105,64],{"class":63},[57,33107,68],{"class":67},[57,33109,32530],{"class":63},[57,33111,68],{"class":67},[57,33113,32867],{"class":238},[57,33115,84],{"class":67},[15,33117,33118],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[27,33120,33121,33125,33129],{},[30,33122,33123],{},[19,33124,32568],{},[30,33126,33127],{},[19,33128,32604],{},[30,33130,33131],{},[19,33132,33133],{},"__len__",[15,33135,33136],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[15,33138,33139],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[27,33141,33142,33146,33150,33154],{},[30,33143,33144],{},[19,33145,32636],{},[30,33147,33148],{},[19,33149,6775],{},[30,33151,33152],{},[19,33153,32627],{},[30,33155,33156],{},[19,33157,33158],{},"replace",[15,33160,33161],{},"A key point to remember:",[27,33163,33164,33172],{},[30,33165,33166,33168,33169],{},[19,33167,32469],{}," lists ",[1854,33170,33171],{},"names only",[30,33173,33174,33175,33177],{},"it does ",[1854,33176,2750],{}," explain what each name does",[15,33179,33180,33181,498],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[373,33182,33184],{"href":33183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[19,33185,33186],{},"help()",[15,33188,3596],{},[48,33190,33192],{"className":50,"code":33191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[19,33193,33194,33206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33195,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33197,6008],{"class":285},[57,33199,289],{"class":76},[57,33201,1449],{"class":938},[57,33203,1958],{"class":942},[57,33205,1455],{"class":938},[57,33207,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33209,30309],{"class":63},[57,33211,68],{"class":67},[57,33213,5798],{"class":238},[57,33215,498],{"class":67},[57,33217,32636],{"class":22903},[57,33219,242],{"class":67},[43,33221,33223,33225],{"id":33222},"dir-on-modules",[19,33224,32469],{}," on modules",[15,33227,13862,33228,33230],{},[19,33229,32469],{}," on modules after importing them.",[15,33232,33233],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[616,33235,33237,33238,33240],{"id":33236},"example-math-module","Example: ",[19,33239,16567],{}," module",[48,33242,33244],{"className":50,"code":33243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[19,33245,33246,33254,33258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33247,33248,33251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33249,33250],{"class":1990},"import",[57,33252,33253],{"class":285}," math\n",[57,33255,33256],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33257,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33259,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33261,64],{"class":63},[57,33263,68],{"class":67},[57,33265,32530],{"class":63},[57,33267,68],{"class":67},[57,33269,16567],{"class":238},[57,33271,84],{"class":67},[15,33273,33274],{},"You may see names like:",[27,33276,33277,33282,33287,33292],{},[30,33278,33279],{},[19,33280,33281],{},"sqrt",[30,33283,33284],{},[19,33285,33286],{},"ceil",[30,33288,33289],{},[19,33290,33291],{},"floor",[30,33293,33294],{},[19,33295,33296],{},"pi",[15,33298,33299],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[15,33301,33302],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[27,33304,33305,33311],{},[30,33306,33307],{},[373,33308,33310],{"href":33309},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[30,33312,33313],{},[373,33314,33316],{"href":33315},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[616,33318,33320],{"id":33319},"another-example","Another example",[48,33322,33324],{"className":50,"code":33323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[19,33325,33326,33333,33337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33327,33328,33330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33329,33250],{"class":1990},[57,33331,33332],{"class":285}," json\n",[57,33334,33335],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33336,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33338,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33350],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33340,64],{"class":63},[57,33342,68],{"class":67},[57,33344,32530],{"class":63},[57,33346,68],{"class":67},[57,33348,33349],{"class":238},"json",[57,33351,84],{"class":67},[15,33353,33354,33355,256,33358,256,33361,15221,33364,498],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[19,33356,33357],{},"dump",[19,33359,33360],{},"dumps",[19,33362,33363],{},"load",[19,33365,33366],{},"loads",[43,33368,33370,8724,33372],{"id":33369},"dir-vs-help",[19,33371,32469],{},[19,33373,33186],{},[15,33375,33376,2511,33378,33380],{},[19,33377,32469],{},[19,33379,33186],{}," are often used together.",[616,33382,33383],{"id":32530},[19,33384,32469],{},[27,33386,33387,33390],{},[30,33388,33389],{},"shows available names",[30,33391,33392],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[616,33394,33395],{"id":30309},[19,33396,33186],{},[27,33398,33399,33402],{},[30,33400,33401],{},"explains what an object or function does",[30,33403,33404],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[15,33406,33407],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[48,33409,33411],{"className":50,"code":33410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[19,33412,33413,33425,33429,33443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33414,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33416,6008],{"class":285},[57,33418,289],{"class":76},[57,33420,1449],{"class":938},[57,33422,1958],{"class":942},[57,33424,1455],{"class":938},[57,33426,33427],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33428,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33430,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33432,64],{"class":63},[57,33434,68],{"class":67},[57,33436,32530],{"class":63},[57,33438,68],{"class":67},[57,33440,5798],{"class":238},[57,33442,84],{"class":67},[57,33444,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,33446,30309],{"class":63},[57,33448,68],{"class":67},[57,33450,5798],{"class":238},[57,33452,498],{"class":67},[57,33454,32636],{"class":22903},[57,33456,242],{"class":67},[15,33458,154,33459,33461,33462,33464,33465,33467],{},[19,33460,32469],{}," first to find a method name.",[7984,33463],{},"\nThen use ",[19,33466,33186],{}," to understand how to use it.",[43,33469,23511],{"id":23510},[15,33471,33472],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[616,33474,33476,33478],{"id":33475},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[19,33477,32469],{}," returns names, not values",[15,33480,33481,33483],{},[19,33482,32469],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[15,33485,33486,33487,33489,33490,33493],{},"For example, seeing ",[19,33488,32636],{}," in ",[19,33491,33492],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[616,33495,33497],{"id":33496},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[15,33499,33500],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[15,33502,33503],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[616,33505,33507],{"id":33506},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[15,33509,33510],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[15,33512,3596],{},[27,33514,33515,33520,33526],{},[30,33516,33517,33519],{},[19,33518,33492],{}," shows string-related names",[30,33521,33522,33525],{},[19,33523,33524],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[30,33527,33528,33531,33532,33240],{},[19,33529,33530],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[19,33533,16567],{},[616,33535,33537],{"id":33536},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[15,33539,33540,33541,33543],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[19,33542,32469],{}," does not mean you already know:",[27,33545,33546,33549,33552],{},[30,33547,33548],{},"what it does",[30,33550,33551],{},"what arguments it needs",[30,33553,33554],{},"what it returns",[15,33556,33557,33558,33560],{},"That is why ",[19,33559,33186],{}," is the natural next step.",[43,33562,913],{"id":912},[15,33564,33565,33566,33568],{},"Beginners often use ",[19,33567,32469],{}," in these situations:",[27,33570,33571,33574,33583,33586],{},[30,33572,33573],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[30,33575,33576,33577,33582],{},"Seeing an ",[373,33578,33580],{"href":33579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[19,33581,23825],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[30,33584,33585],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[30,33587,6551,33588,33590,33591],{},[19,33589,32469],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[19,33592,33186],{},[15,33594,33595],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[48,33597,33599],{"className":50,"code":33598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[19,33600,33601,33613,33617,33631,33645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33602,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33604,6008],{"class":285},[57,33606,289],{"class":76},[57,33608,1449],{"class":938},[57,33610,1958],{"class":942},[57,33612,1455],{"class":938},[57,33614,33615],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33616,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33618,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33620,64],{"class":63},[57,33622,68],{"class":67},[57,33624,1315],{"class":990},[57,33626,68],{"class":67},[57,33628,5798],{"class":238},[57,33630,84],{"class":67},[57,33632,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,33634,64],{"class":63},[57,33636,68],{"class":67},[57,33638,32530],{"class":63},[57,33640,68],{"class":67},[57,33642,5798],{"class":238},[57,33644,84],{"class":67},[57,33646,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,33648,30309],{"class":63},[57,33650,68],{"class":67},[57,33652,5798],{"class":238},[57,33654,498],{"class":67},[57,33656,32636],{"class":22903},[57,33658,242],{"class":67},[15,33660,33661],{},"And for modules:",[48,33663,33664],{"className":50,"code":33243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,33665,33666,33672,33676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33667,33668,33670],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33669,33250],{"class":1990},[57,33671,33253],{"class":285},[57,33673,33674],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33675,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33677,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33679,64],{"class":63},[57,33681,68],{"class":67},[57,33683,32530],{"class":63},[57,33685,68],{"class":67},[57,33687,16567],{"class":238},[57,33689,84],{"class":67},[15,33691,33692],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[48,33694,33696],{"className":50,"code":33695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[19,33697,33698,33703,33715,33725,33739,33745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33699,33700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33701,33702],{"class":285},"python\n",[57,33704,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33706,6008],{"class":285},[57,33708,289],{"class":76},[57,33710,1449],{"class":938},[57,33712,1958],{"class":942},[57,33714,1455],{"class":938},[57,33716,33717,33719,33721,33723],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33718,32530],{"class":63},[57,33720,68],{"class":67},[57,33722,5798],{"class":238},[57,33724,242],{"class":67},[57,33726,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,33728,30309],{"class":63},[57,33730,68],{"class":67},[57,33732,5798],{"class":238},[57,33734,498],{"class":67},[57,33736,32636],{"class":22903},[57,33738,242],{"class":67},[57,33740,33741,33743],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,33742,33250],{"class":1990},[57,33744,33253],{"class":285},[57,33746,33747,33749,33751,33753],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,33748,32530],{"class":63},[57,33750,68],{"class":67},[57,33752,16567],{"class":238},[57,33754,242],{"class":67},[43,33756,1554],{"id":1553},[616,33758,3264,33760,3267],{"id":33759},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[19,33761,32469],{},[15,33763,33764],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[616,33766,3302,33768,2511,33770,572],{"id":33767},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[19,33769,32469],{},[19,33771,33186],{},[15,33773,33774,33776,33777,33779],{},[19,33775,32469],{}," lists available names. ",[19,33778,33186],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[616,33781,33783,33784,33786],{"id":33782},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[19,33785,32469],{}," output?",[15,33788,33789],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[616,33791,3292,33793,33795,33796,572],{"id":33792},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[19,33794,32469],{}," help fix ",[19,33797,23825],{},[15,33799,33800,33801,498],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[373,33802,33803],{"href":33579},"object has no attribute",[43,33805,1602],{"id":1601},[27,33807,33808,33814,33819,33823,33827],{},[30,33809,33810],{},[373,33811,1680,33812,1611],{"href":33183},[19,33813,33186],{},[30,33815,33816],{},[373,33817,33818],{"href":33579},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[30,33820,33821],{},[373,33822,33310],{"href":33309},[30,33824,33825],{},[373,33826,33316],{"href":33315},[30,33828,33829],{},[373,33830,1680,33831,1611],{"href":32967},[19,33832,378],{},[15,33834,33835,33836,33838,33839,33841],{},"A good habit is to use ",[19,33837,32469],{}," together with ",[19,33840,33186],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1634,33843,33844],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":33846},[33847,33848,33850,33855,33860,33862,33863,33869,33874,33881,33882,33892],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":32646,"depth":87,"text":33849},"What dir() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":33851},[33852,33854],{"id":32699,"depth":103,"text":33853},"dir() with no argument",{"id":32755,"depth":103,"text":32541},{"id":32823,"depth":87,"text":33856,"children":33857},"Using dir() with a value",[33858,33859],{"id":32835,"depth":103,"text":32836},{"id":32896,"depth":103,"text":32897},{"id":32976,"depth":87,"text":33861},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":33076,"depth":87,"text":33077},{"id":33222,"depth":87,"text":33864,"children":33865},"dir() on modules",[33866,33868],{"id":33236,"depth":103,"text":33867},"Example: math module",{"id":33319,"depth":103,"text":33320},{"id":33369,"depth":87,"text":33870,"children":33871},"dir() vs help()",[33872,33873],{"id":32530,"depth":103,"text":32469},{"id":30309,"depth":103,"text":33186},{"id":23510,"depth":87,"text":23511,"children":33875},[33876,33878,33879,33880],{"id":33475,"depth":103,"text":33877},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":33496,"depth":103,"text":33497},{"id":33506,"depth":103,"text":33507},{"id":33536,"depth":103,"text":33537},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":33883},[33884,33886,33888,33890],{"id":33759,"depth":103,"text":33885},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":33767,"depth":103,"text":33887},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":33782,"depth":103,"text":33889},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":33792,"depth":103,"text":33891},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":32461,"description":33893},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":33900,"title":33901,"body":33902,"description":35722,"extension":1666,"meta":35723,"navigation":317,"path":35724,"seo":35725,"stem":35726,"__hash__":35727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":33903,"toc":35691},[33904,33910,33915,33918,33926,33932,33934,34014,34016,34042,34047,34052,34057,34060,34071,34074,34076,34155,34157,34183,34190,34192,34194,34219,34222,34235,34240,34242,34323,34325,34351,34360,34365,34373,34379,34386,34389,34391,34470,34473,34530,34532,34569,34575,34580,34585,34588,34602,34604,34707,34709,34752,34761,34771,34778,34784,34791,34874,34876,34899,34902,34905,34907,34911,34915,34918,34981,35004,35007,35011,35017,35019,35086,35089,35166,35171,35177,35180,35183,35229,35231,35255,35260,35264,35269,35275,35338,35341,35343,35346,35371,35374,35509,35511,35612,35614,35619,35622,35628,35638,35646,35651,35657,35663,35665,35688],[11,33905,1680,33907,1684],{"id":33906},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[19,33908,33909],{},"enumerate()",[15,33911,33912,33914],{},[19,33913,33909],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[15,33916,33917],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[27,33919,33920,33923],{},[30,33921,33922],{},"the item itself",[30,33924,33925],{},"its index in the loop",[15,33927,33928,33929,33931],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[19,33930,33909],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[43,33933,46],{"id":45},[48,33935,33937],{"className":50,"code":33936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[19,33938,33939,33971,33975,33998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33940,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33942,11221],{"class":285},[57,33944,289],{"class":76},[57,33946,1729],{"class":67},[57,33948,939],{"class":938},[57,33950,11238],{"class":942},[57,33952,939],{"class":938},[57,33954,1081],{"class":67},[57,33956,1449],{"class":938},[57,33958,15605],{"class":942},[57,33960,939],{"class":938},[57,33962,1081],{"class":67},[57,33964,1449],{"class":938},[57,33966,11255],{"class":942},[57,33968,939],{"class":938},[57,33970,1742],{"class":67},[57,33972,33973],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,33974,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,33976,33977,33979,33982,33984,33987,33989,33992,33994,33996],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,33978,4083],{"class":1990},[57,33980,33981],{"class":285}," index",[57,33983,1081],{"class":67},[57,33985,33986],{"class":285}," color ",[57,33988,1997],{"class":1990},[57,33990,33991],{"class":63}," enumerate",[57,33993,68],{"class":67},[57,33995,15652],{"class":238},[57,33997,6475],{"class":67},[57,33999,34000,34002,34004,34007,34009,34012],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34001,6201],{"class":63},[57,34003,68],{"class":67},[57,34005,34006],{"class":238},"index",[57,34008,1081],{"class":67},[57,34010,34011],{"class":238}," color",[57,34013,242],{"class":67},[15,34015,131],{},[48,34017,34019],{"className":50,"code":34018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[19,34020,34021,34028,34035],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34022,34023,34025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34024,182],{"class":80},[57,34026,34027],{"class":285}," red\n",[57,34029,34030,34032],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34031,1078],{"class":80},[57,34033,34034],{"class":285}," green\n",[57,34036,34037,34039],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34038,116],{"class":80},[57,34040,34041],{"class":285}," blue\n",[15,34043,154,34044,34046],{},[19,34045,33909],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[43,34048,1787,34050,1790],{"id":34049},"what-enumerate-does",[19,34051,33909],{},[15,34053,34054,34056],{},[19,34055,33909],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[15,34058,34059],{},"It is commonly used with:",[27,34061,34062,34064,34066,34068],{},[30,34063,3423],{},[30,34065,3426],{},[30,34067,3432],{},[30,34069,34070],{},"other iterable objects",[15,34072,34073],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[15,34075,275],{},[48,34077,34079],{"className":50,"code":34078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[19,34080,34081,34115,34119,34140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34082,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34102,34104,34106,34108,34111,34113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34084,3116],{"class":285},[57,34086,289],{"class":76},[57,34088,1729],{"class":67},[57,34090,939],{"class":938},[57,34092,11025],{"class":942},[57,34094,939],{"class":938},[57,34096,1081],{"class":67},[57,34098,1449],{"class":938},[57,34100,34101],{"class":942},"Ben",[57,34103,939],{"class":938},[57,34105,1081],{"class":67},[57,34107,1449],{"class":938},[57,34109,34110],{"class":942},"Cara",[57,34112,939],{"class":938},[57,34114,1742],{"class":67},[57,34116,34117],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34118,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,34120,34121,34123,34125,34127,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34122,4083],{"class":1990},[57,34124,33981],{"class":285},[57,34126,1081],{"class":67},[57,34128,34129],{"class":285}," name ",[57,34131,1997],{"class":1990},[57,34133,33991],{"class":63},[57,34135,68],{"class":67},[57,34137,3160],{"class":238},[57,34139,6475],{"class":67},[57,34141,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34153],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34143,6201],{"class":63},[57,34145,68],{"class":67},[57,34147,34006],{"class":238},[57,34149,1081],{"class":67},[57,34151,34152],{"class":238}," name",[57,34154,242],{"class":67},[15,34156,131],{},[48,34158,34160],{"className":50,"code":34159,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[19,34161,34162,34169,34176],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34163,34164,34166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34165,182],{"class":80},[57,34167,34168],{"class":285}," Ana\n",[57,34170,34171,34173],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34172,1078],{"class":80},[57,34174,34175],{"class":285}," Ben\n",[57,34177,34178,34180],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34179,116],{"class":80},[57,34181,34182],{"class":285}," Cara\n",[15,34184,34185,34186,498],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[373,34187,34189],{"href":34188},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[43,34191,221],{"id":220},[15,34193,224],{},[48,34195,34197],{"className":50,"code":34196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[19,34198,34199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34200,34201,34204,34206,34208,34210,34213,34215,34217],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34202,34203],{"class":63},"enumerate",[57,34205,68],{"class":67},[57,34207,1831],{"class":238},[57,34209,1081],{"class":67},[57,34211,34212],{"class":7312}," start",[57,34214,289],{"class":76},[57,34216,182],{"class":80},[57,34218,242],{"class":67},[15,34220,34221],{},"It has two parts:",[27,34223,34224,34229],{},[30,34225,34226,34228],{},[19,34227,1831],{},": the object you want to loop through",[30,34230,34231,34234],{},[19,34232,34233],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[15,34236,34237,34238,498],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[19,34239,182],{},[15,34241,275],{},[48,34243,34245],{"className":50,"code":34244,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[19,34246,34247,34280,34284,34307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34248,34249,34252,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264,34266,34268,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34250,34251],{"class":285},"letters ",[57,34253,289],{"class":76},[57,34255,1729],{"class":67},[57,34257,939],{"class":938},[57,34259,373],{"class":942},[57,34261,939],{"class":938},[57,34263,1081],{"class":67},[57,34265,1449],{"class":938},[57,34267,2881],{"class":942},[57,34269,939],{"class":938},[57,34271,1081],{"class":67},[57,34273,1449],{"class":938},[57,34275,7877],{"class":942},[57,34277,939],{"class":938},[57,34279,1742],{"class":67},[57,34281,34282],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34283,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,34285,34286,34288,34291,34293,34296,34298,34300,34302,34305],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34287,4083],{"class":1990},[57,34289,34290],{"class":285}," i",[57,34292,1081],{"class":67},[57,34294,34295],{"class":285}," letter ",[57,34297,1997],{"class":1990},[57,34299,33991],{"class":63},[57,34301,68],{"class":67},[57,34303,34304],{"class":238},"letters",[57,34306,6475],{"class":67},[57,34308,34309,34311,34313,34316,34318,34321],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34310,6201],{"class":63},[57,34312,68],{"class":67},[57,34314,34315],{"class":238},"i",[57,34317,1081],{"class":67},[57,34319,34320],{"class":238}," letter",[57,34322,242],{"class":67},[15,34324,131],{},[48,34326,34328],{"className":50,"code":34327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[19,34329,34330,34337,34344],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34331,34332,34334],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34333,182],{"class":80},[57,34335,34336],{"class":285}," a\n",[57,34338,34339,34341],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34340,1078],{"class":80},[57,34342,34343],{"class":285}," b\n",[57,34345,34346,34348],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34347,116],{"class":80},[57,34349,34350],{"class":285}," c\n",[15,34352,34353,34354,498],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[373,34355,1680,34357,1611],{"href":34356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[19,34358,34359],{},"range()",[43,34361,1787,34363,9848],{"id":34362},"what-enumerate-returns",[19,34364,33909],{},[15,34366,34367,34369,34370,498],{},[19,34368,33909],{}," returns an ",[1854,34371,34372],{},"enumerate object",[15,34374,34375,34376,34378],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[19,34377,4083],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[27,34380,34381],{},[30,34382,34383],{},[19,34384,34385],{},"(index, item)",[15,34387,34388],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[15,34390,275],{},[48,34392,34394],{"className":50,"code":34393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[19,34395,34396,34429,34433,34455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34397,34398,34401,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417,34419,34421,34423,34425,34427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34399,34400],{"class":285},"fruits ",[57,34402,289],{"class":76},[57,34404,1729],{"class":67},[57,34406,939],{"class":938},[57,34408,2195],{"class":942},[57,34410,939],{"class":938},[57,34412,1081],{"class":67},[57,34414,1449],{"class":938},[57,34416,2204],{"class":942},[57,34418,939],{"class":938},[57,34420,1081],{"class":67},[57,34422,1449],{"class":938},[57,34424,31378],{"class":942},[57,34426,939],{"class":938},[57,34428,1742],{"class":67},[57,34430,34431],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34432,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,34434,34435,34437,34439,34441,34444,34446,34448,34450,34453],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34436,4083],{"class":1990},[57,34438,33981],{"class":285},[57,34440,1081],{"class":67},[57,34442,34443],{"class":285}," fruit ",[57,34445,1997],{"class":1990},[57,34447,33991],{"class":63},[57,34449,68],{"class":67},[57,34451,34452],{"class":238},"fruits",[57,34454,6475],{"class":67},[57,34456,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465,34468],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34458,6201],{"class":63},[57,34460,68],{"class":67},[57,34462,34006],{"class":238},[57,34464,1081],{"class":67},[57,34466,34467],{"class":238}," fruit",[57,34469,242],{"class":67},[15,34471,34472],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[48,34474,34476],{"className":50,"code":34475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[19,34477,34478,34498,34502,34520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34479,34480,34482,34484,34486,34488,34490,34492,34494,34496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34481,1724],{"class":285},[57,34483,289],{"class":76},[57,34485,1729],{"class":67},[57,34487,407],{"class":80},[57,34489,1081],{"class":67},[57,34491,5921],{"class":80},[57,34493,1081],{"class":67},[57,34495,5926],{"class":80},[57,34497,1742],{"class":67},[57,34499,34500],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34501,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,34503,34504,34506,34508,34510,34512,34514,34516,34518],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34505,300],{"class":285},[57,34507,289],{"class":76},[57,34509,20712],{"class":990},[57,34511,68],{"class":67},[57,34513,34203],{"class":63},[57,34515,68],{"class":67},[57,34517,1756],{"class":238},[57,34519,84],{"class":67},[57,34521,34522,34524,34526,34528],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34523,64],{"class":63},[57,34525,68],{"class":67},[57,34527,339],{"class":238},[57,34529,242],{"class":67},[15,34531,131],{},[48,34533,34535],{"className":50,"code":34534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[19,34536,34537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34538,34539,34541,34543,34545,34547,34549,34551,34553,34555,34557,34559,34561,34563,34565,34567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34540,19892],{"class":67},[57,34542,182],{"class":80},[57,34544,1081],{"class":67},[57,34546,4130],{"class":80},[57,34548,7370],{"class":67},[57,34550,7373],{"class":67},[57,34552,1078],{"class":80},[57,34554,1081],{"class":67},[57,34556,5921],{"class":80},[57,34558,7370],{"class":67},[57,34560,7373],{"class":67},[57,34562,116],{"class":80},[57,34564,1081],{"class":67},[57,34566,5926],{"class":80},[57,34568,7386],{"class":67},[15,34570,34571,34572,34574],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[19,34573,33909],{}," produces.",[43,34576,3082,34578],{"id":34577},"when-to-use-enumerate",[19,34579,33909],{},[15,34581,154,34582,34584],{},[19,34583,33909],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[15,34586,34587],{},"Common cases:",[27,34589,34590,34593,34596,34599],{},[30,34591,34592],{},"printing numbered output",[30,34594,34595],{},"building menus",[30,34597,34598],{},"showing positions in a list",[30,34600,34601],{},"looping over both index and value together",[15,34603,275],{},[48,34605,34607],{"className":50,"code":34606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[19,34608,34609,34644,34648,34678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34610,34611,34613,34615,34617,34619,34622,34624,34626,34628,34631,34633,34635,34637,34640,34642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34612,28053],{"class":285},[57,34614,289],{"class":76},[57,34616,1729],{"class":67},[57,34618,939],{"class":938},[57,34620,34621],{"class":942},"Wash dishes",[57,34623,939],{"class":938},[57,34625,1081],{"class":67},[57,34627,1449],{"class":938},[57,34629,34630],{"class":942},"Study Python",[57,34632,939],{"class":938},[57,34634,1081],{"class":67},[57,34636,1449],{"class":938},[57,34638,34639],{"class":942},"Go for a walk",[57,34641,939],{"class":938},[57,34643,1742],{"class":67},[57,34645,34646],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34647,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,34649,34650,34652,34654,34656,34659,34661,34663,34665,34668,34670,34672,34674,34676],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34651,4083],{"class":1990},[57,34653,264],{"class":285},[57,34655,1081],{"class":67},[57,34657,34658],{"class":285}," task ",[57,34660,1997],{"class":1990},[57,34662,33991],{"class":63},[57,34664,68],{"class":67},[57,34666,34667],{"class":238},"tasks",[57,34669,1081],{"class":67},[57,34671,34212],{"class":7312},[57,34673,289],{"class":76},[57,34675,1078],{"class":80},[57,34677,6475],{"class":67},[57,34679,34680,34682,34684,34686,34688,34690,34692,34694,34696,34698,34701,34703,34705],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34681,6201],{"class":63},[57,34683,68],{"class":67},[57,34685,20446],{"class":125},[57,34687,939],{"class":942},[57,34689,7415],{"class":80},[57,34691,310],{"class":238},[57,34693,20455],{"class":80},[57,34695,26468],{"class":942},[57,34697,7415],{"class":80},[57,34699,34700],{"class":238},"task",[57,34702,20455],{"class":80},[57,34704,939],{"class":942},[57,34706,242],{"class":67},[15,34708,131],{},[48,34710,34712],{"className":50,"code":34711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[19,34713,34714,34726,34738],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34715,34716,34718,34720,34723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34717,1078],{"class":80},[57,34719,498],{"class":67},[57,34721,34722],{"class":22903}," Wash",[57,34724,34725],{"class":285}," dishes\n",[57,34727,34728,34730,34732,34735],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34729,116],{"class":80},[57,34731,498],{"class":67},[57,34733,34734],{"class":22903}," Study",[57,34736,34737],{"class":285}," Python\n",[57,34739,34740,34742,34744,34747,34749],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34741,122],{"class":80},[57,34743,498],{"class":67},[57,34745,34746],{"class":22903}," Go",[57,34748,1991],{"class":1990},[57,34750,34751],{"class":285}," a walk\n",[15,34753,34754,34755,34757,34758,498],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[19,34756,33909],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[19,34759,34760],{},"range(len(...))",[15,34762,34763,34764,498],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[373,34765,34767,34768,34770],{"href":34766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[19,34769,33909],{}," in Python",[43,34772,34774,34775,34777],{"id":34773},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[19,34776,34233],{}," argument",[15,34779,34780,34781,34783],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[19,34782,34233],{}," argument.",[15,34785,34786,34787,9232,34789,972],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[19,34788,1078],{},[19,34790,182],{},[48,34792,34794],{"className":50,"code":34793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[19,34795,34796,34828,34832,34860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34797,34798,34800,34802,34804,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822,34824,34826],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34799,11221],{"class":285},[57,34801,289],{"class":76},[57,34803,1729],{"class":67},[57,34805,939],{"class":938},[57,34807,11238],{"class":942},[57,34809,939],{"class":938},[57,34811,1081],{"class":67},[57,34813,1449],{"class":938},[57,34815,15605],{"class":942},[57,34817,939],{"class":938},[57,34819,1081],{"class":67},[57,34821,1449],{"class":938},[57,34823,11255],{"class":942},[57,34825,939],{"class":938},[57,34827,1742],{"class":67},[57,34829,34830],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34831,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,34833,34834,34836,34838,34840,34842,34844,34846,34848,34850,34852,34854,34856,34858],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34835,4083],{"class":1990},[57,34837,33981],{"class":285},[57,34839,1081],{"class":67},[57,34841,33986],{"class":285},[57,34843,1997],{"class":1990},[57,34845,33991],{"class":63},[57,34847,68],{"class":67},[57,34849,15652],{"class":238},[57,34851,1081],{"class":67},[57,34853,34212],{"class":7312},[57,34855,289],{"class":76},[57,34857,1078],{"class":80},[57,34859,6475],{"class":67},[57,34861,34862,34864,34866,34868,34870,34872],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34863,6201],{"class":63},[57,34865,68],{"class":67},[57,34867,34006],{"class":238},[57,34869,1081],{"class":67},[57,34871,34011],{"class":238},[57,34873,242],{"class":67},[15,34875,131],{},[48,34877,34879],{"className":50,"code":34878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[19,34880,34881,34887,34893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34882,34883,34885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34884,1078],{"class":80},[57,34886,34027],{"class":285},[57,34888,34889,34891],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34890,116],{"class":80},[57,34892,34034],{"class":285},[57,34894,34895,34897],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34896,122],{"class":80},[57,34898,34041],{"class":285},[15,34900,34901],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[15,34903,34904],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[43,34906,23511],{"id":23510},[15,34908,23514,34909,498],{},[19,34910,33909],{},[616,34912,34914],{"id":34913},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[15,34916,34917],{},"In this loop:",[48,34919,34921],{"className":50,"code":34920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[19,34922,34923,34943,34947,34967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34924,34925,34927,34929,34931,34933,34935,34937,34939,34941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34926,1724],{"class":285},[57,34928,289],{"class":76},[57,34930,1729],{"class":67},[57,34932,407],{"class":80},[57,34934,1081],{"class":67},[57,34936,5921],{"class":80},[57,34938,1081],{"class":67},[57,34940,5926],{"class":80},[57,34942,1742],{"class":67},[57,34944,34945],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,34946,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,34948,34949,34951,34953,34955,34957,34959,34961,34963,34965],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,34950,4083],{"class":1990},[57,34952,33981],{"class":285},[57,34954,1081],{"class":67},[57,34956,19736],{"class":285},[57,34958,1997],{"class":1990},[57,34960,33991],{"class":63},[57,34962,68],{"class":67},[57,34964,1756],{"class":238},[57,34966,6475],{"class":67},[57,34968,34969,34971,34973,34975,34977,34979],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,34970,6201],{"class":63},[57,34972,68],{"class":67},[57,34974,34006],{"class":238},[57,34976,1081],{"class":67},[57,34978,6567],{"class":238},[57,34980,242],{"class":67},[27,34982,34983,34993],{},[30,34984,34985,2904,34987,256,34989,256,34991],{},[19,34986,34006],{},[19,34988,182],{},[19,34990,1078],{},[19,34992,116],{},[30,34994,34995,2904,34997,256,34999,256,35001],{},[19,34996,552],{},[19,34998,407],{},[19,35000,13902],{},[19,35002,35003],{},"30",[15,35005,35006],{},"These are different things.",[616,35008,35010],{"id":35009},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[15,35012,35013,35014,35016],{},"Each item from ",[19,35015,33909],{}," is a pair.",[15,35018,4816],{},[48,35020,35022],{"className":50,"code":35021,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[19,35023,35024,35048,35052,35072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35025,35026,35028,35030,35032,35034,35036,35038,35040,35042,35044,35046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35027,5910],{"class":285},[57,35029,289],{"class":76},[57,35031,1729],{"class":67},[57,35033,939],{"class":938},[57,35035,239],{"class":942},[57,35037,939],{"class":938},[57,35039,1081],{"class":67},[57,35041,1449],{"class":938},[57,35043,9888],{"class":942},[57,35045,939],{"class":938},[57,35047,1742],{"class":67},[57,35049,35050],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35051,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,35053,35054,35056,35058,35060,35062,35064,35066,35068,35070],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35055,4083],{"class":1990},[57,35057,34290],{"class":285},[57,35059,1081],{"class":67},[57,35061,4086],{"class":285},[57,35063,1997],{"class":1990},[57,35065,33991],{"class":63},[57,35067,68],{"class":67},[57,35069,5941],{"class":238},[57,35071,6475],{"class":67},[57,35073,35074,35076,35078,35080,35082,35084],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,35075,6201],{"class":63},[57,35077,68],{"class":67},[57,35079,34315],{"class":238},[57,35081,1081],{"class":67},[57,35083,27662],{"class":238},[57,35085,242],{"class":67},[15,35087,35088],{},"But this causes an error:",[48,35090,35092],{"className":50,"code":35091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[19,35093,35094,35118,35122,35147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35095,35096,35098,35100,35102,35104,35106,35108,35110,35112,35114,35116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35097,5910],{"class":285},[57,35099,289],{"class":76},[57,35101,1729],{"class":67},[57,35103,939],{"class":938},[57,35105,239],{"class":942},[57,35107,939],{"class":938},[57,35109,1081],{"class":67},[57,35111,1449],{"class":938},[57,35113,9888],{"class":942},[57,35115,939],{"class":938},[57,35117,1742],{"class":67},[57,35119,35120],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35121,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,35123,35124,35126,35128,35130,35132,35134,35137,35139,35141,35143,35145],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35125,4083],{"class":1990},[57,35127,34290],{"class":285},[57,35129,1081],{"class":67},[57,35131,27662],{"class":285},[57,35133,1081],{"class":67},[57,35135,35136],{"class":285}," extra ",[57,35138,1997],{"class":1990},[57,35140,33991],{"class":63},[57,35142,68],{"class":67},[57,35144,5941],{"class":238},[57,35146,6475],{"class":67},[57,35148,35149,35151,35153,35155,35157,35159,35161,35164],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,35150,6201],{"class":63},[57,35152,68],{"class":67},[57,35154,34315],{"class":238},[57,35156,1081],{"class":67},[57,35158,27662],{"class":238},[57,35160,1081],{"class":67},[57,35162,35163],{"class":238}," extra",[57,35165,242],{"class":67},[15,35167,27216,35168,35170],{},[19,35169,33909],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[616,35172,35174,35176],{"id":35173},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[19,35175,33909],{}," only works with iterable objects",[15,35178,35179],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[15,35181,35182],{},"Example with a string:",[48,35184,35186],{"className":50,"code":35185,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[19,35187,35188,35214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35189,35190,35192,35194,35196,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207,35210,35212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35191,4083],{"class":1990},[57,35193,33981],{"class":285},[57,35195,1081],{"class":67},[57,35197,35198],{"class":285}," char ",[57,35200,1997],{"class":1990},[57,35202,33991],{"class":63},[57,35204,68],{"class":67},[57,35206,939],{"class":938},[57,35208,35209],{"class":942},"cat",[57,35211,939],{"class":938},[57,35213,6475],{"class":67},[57,35215,35216,35218,35220,35222,35224,35227],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35217,6201],{"class":63},[57,35219,68],{"class":67},[57,35221,34006],{"class":238},[57,35223,1081],{"class":67},[57,35225,35226],{"class":238}," char",[57,35228,242],{"class":67},[15,35230,131],{},[48,35232,35234],{"className":50,"code":35233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[19,35235,35236,35242,35248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35237,35238,35240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35239,182],{"class":80},[57,35241,34350],{"class":285},[57,35243,35244,35246],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35245,1078],{"class":80},[57,35247,34336],{"class":285},[57,35249,35250,35252],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35251,116],{"class":80},[57,35253,35254],{"class":285}," t\n",[15,35256,35257,35258,498],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[373,35259,3258],{"href":3711},[616,35261,35263],{"id":35262},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[15,35265,35266,35267,498],{},"You do not always need ",[19,35268,33909],{},[15,35270,35271,35272,35274],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[19,35273,4083],{}," loop:",[48,35276,35278],{"className":50,"code":35277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[19,35279,35280,35312,35316,35328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35281,35282,35284,35286,35288,35290,35292,35294,35296,35298,35300,35302,35304,35306,35308,35310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35283,11221],{"class":285},[57,35285,289],{"class":76},[57,35287,1729],{"class":67},[57,35289,939],{"class":938},[57,35291,11238],{"class":942},[57,35293,939],{"class":938},[57,35295,1081],{"class":67},[57,35297,1449],{"class":938},[57,35299,15605],{"class":942},[57,35301,939],{"class":938},[57,35303,1081],{"class":67},[57,35305,1449],{"class":938},[57,35307,11255],{"class":942},[57,35309,939],{"class":938},[57,35311,1742],{"class":67},[57,35313,35314],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35315,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,35317,35318,35320,35322,35324,35326],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35319,4083],{"class":1990},[57,35321,33986],{"class":285},[57,35323,1997],{"class":1990},[57,35325,11269],{"class":285},[57,35327,4520],{"class":67},[57,35329,35330,35332,35334,35336],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,35331,6201],{"class":63},[57,35333,68],{"class":67},[57,35335,31048],{"class":238},[57,35337,242],{"class":67},[15,35339,35340],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[43,35342,913],{"id":912},[15,35344,35345],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[27,35347,35348,35353,35359,35364],{},[30,35349,21253,35350,35352],{},[19,35351,33909],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[30,35354,35355,35356,35358],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[19,35357,182],{}," by default",[30,35360,6551,35361,35363],{},[19,35362,33909],{}," when only values are needed",[30,35365,35366,35367,6840,35369],{},"Confusing ",[19,35368,33909],{},[19,35370,34359],{},[15,35372,35373],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[48,35375,35377],{"className":50,"code":35376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[19,35378,35379,35401,35428,35462,35495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35380,35381,35383,35385,35387,35389,35391,35393,35395,35397,35399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35382,64],{"class":63},[57,35384,68],{"class":67},[57,35386,34203],{"class":63},[57,35388,1075],{"class":67},[57,35390,407],{"class":80},[57,35392,1081],{"class":67},[57,35394,5921],{"class":80},[57,35396,1081],{"class":67},[57,35398,5926],{"class":80},[57,35400,1091],{"class":67},[57,35402,35403,35405,35407,35409,35411,35413,35415,35417,35419,35421,35423,35425],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35404,64],{"class":63},[57,35406,68],{"class":67},[57,35408,6226],{"class":990},[57,35410,68],{"class":67},[57,35412,34203],{"class":63},[57,35414,1075],{"class":67},[57,35416,407],{"class":80},[57,35418,1081],{"class":67},[57,35420,5921],{"class":80},[57,35422,1081],{"class":67},[57,35424,5926],{"class":80},[57,35426,35427],{"class":67},"])))\n",[57,35429,35430,35432,35434,35436,35438,35440,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458,35460],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35431,64],{"class":63},[57,35433,68],{"class":67},[57,35435,6226],{"class":990},[57,35437,68],{"class":67},[57,35439,34203],{"class":63},[57,35441,1075],{"class":67},[57,35443,407],{"class":80},[57,35445,1081],{"class":67},[57,35447,5921],{"class":80},[57,35449,1081],{"class":67},[57,35451,5926],{"class":80},[57,35453,16212],{"class":67},[57,35455,34212],{"class":7312},[57,35457,289],{"class":76},[57,35459,1078],{"class":80},[57,35461,1001],{"class":67},[57,35463,35464,35466,35468,35470,35472,35474,35476,35478,35480,35482,35484,35486,35488,35490,35492],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,35465,4083],{"class":1990},[57,35467,34290],{"class":285},[57,35469,1081],{"class":67},[57,35471,19736],{"class":285},[57,35473,1997],{"class":1990},[57,35475,33991],{"class":63},[57,35477,1075],{"class":67},[57,35479,1395],{"class":938},[57,35481,373],{"class":942},[57,35483,1395],{"class":938},[57,35485,1081],{"class":67},[57,35487,1390],{"class":938},[57,35489,2881],{"class":942},[57,35491,1395],{"class":938},[57,35493,35494],{"class":67},"]):\n",[57,35496,35497,35499,35501,35503,35505,35507],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,35498,6201],{"class":63},[57,35500,68],{"class":67},[57,35502,34315],{"class":238},[57,35504,1081],{"class":67},[57,35506,6567],{"class":238},[57,35508,242],{"class":67},[15,35510,15107],{},[48,35512,35514],{"className":50,"code":35513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[19,35515,35516,35536,35568,35600,35606],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35517,35518,35520,35522,35524,35527,35531,35534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35519,1384],{"class":76},[57,35521,34203],{"class":63},[57,35523,22770],{"class":990},[57,35525,35526],{"class":285}," at ",[57,35528,35530],{"class":35529},"srjyR","0x",[57,35532,35533],{"class":32611},"...",[57,35535,1398],{"class":76},[57,35537,35538,35540,35542,35544,35546,35548,35550,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560,35562,35564,35566],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35539,19892],{"class":67},[57,35541,182],{"class":80},[57,35543,1081],{"class":67},[57,35545,4130],{"class":80},[57,35547,7370],{"class":67},[57,35549,7373],{"class":67},[57,35551,1078],{"class":80},[57,35553,1081],{"class":67},[57,35555,5921],{"class":80},[57,35557,7370],{"class":67},[57,35559,7373],{"class":67},[57,35561,116],{"class":80},[57,35563,1081],{"class":67},[57,35565,5926],{"class":80},[57,35567,7386],{"class":67},[57,35569,35570,35572,35574,35576,35578,35580,35582,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596,35598],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35571,19892],{"class":67},[57,35573,1078],{"class":80},[57,35575,1081],{"class":67},[57,35577,4130],{"class":80},[57,35579,7370],{"class":67},[57,35581,7373],{"class":67},[57,35583,116],{"class":80},[57,35585,1081],{"class":67},[57,35587,5921],{"class":80},[57,35589,7370],{"class":67},[57,35591,7373],{"class":67},[57,35593,122],{"class":80},[57,35595,1081],{"class":67},[57,35597,5926],{"class":80},[57,35599,7386],{"class":67},[57,35601,35602,35604],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,35603,182],{"class":80},[57,35605,34336],{"class":285},[57,35607,35608,35610],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,35609,1078],{"class":80},[57,35611,34343],{"class":285},[43,35613,1554],{"id":1553},[616,35615,3264,35617,3267],{"id":35616},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[19,35618,33909],{},[15,35620,35621],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[616,35623,10848,35625,35627],{"id":35624},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[19,35626,33909],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[15,35629,35630,35631,35633,35634,35637],{},"It starts at ",[19,35632,182],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[19,35635,35636],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[616,35639,19572,35641,9232,35643,572],{"id":35640},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[19,35642,33909],{},[19,35644,35645],{},"range(len(list))",[15,35647,34754,35648,35650],{},[19,35649,33909],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[616,35652,3292,35654,35656],{"id":35653},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[19,35655,33909],{}," be used with strings?",[15,35658,35659,35660,35662],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[19,35661,33909],{}," can return each character with its index.",[43,35664,1602],{"id":1601},[27,35666,35667,35671,35677,35684],{},[30,35668,35669],{},[373,35670,34189],{"href":34188},[30,35672,35673],{},[373,35674,1680,35675,1611],{"href":34356},[19,35676,34359],{},[30,35678,35679],{},[373,35680,35681,35682,34770],{"href":34766},"How to use ",[19,35683,33909],{},[30,35685,35686],{},[373,35687,3339],{"href":3711},[1634,35689,35690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":35692},[35693,35694,35696,35697,35699,35701,35703,35710,35711,35721],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":34049,"depth":87,"text":35695},"What enumerate() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":34362,"depth":87,"text":35698},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":34577,"depth":87,"text":35700},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":34773,"depth":87,"text":35702},"Using the start argument",{"id":23510,"depth":87,"text":23511,"children":35704},[35705,35706,35707,35709],{"id":34913,"depth":103,"text":34914},{"id":35009,"depth":103,"text":35010},{"id":35173,"depth":103,"text":35708},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":35262,"depth":103,"text":35263},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":35712},[35713,35715,35717,35719],{"id":35616,"depth":103,"text":35714},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":35624,"depth":103,"text":35716},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":35640,"depth":103,"text":35718},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":35653,"depth":103,"text":35720},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":33901,"description":35722},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":35729,"title":35730,"body":35731,"description":38247,"extension":1666,"meta":38248,"navigation":317,"path":38249,"seo":38250,"stem":38251,"__hash__":38252},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":35732,"toc":38204},[35733,35739,35744,35747,35755,35769,35771,35862,35870,35875,35880,35882,35898,35900,35979,35981,35998,36004,36008,36010,36031,36035,36038,36050,36054,36057,36060,36077,36080,36156,36158,36175,36180,36184,36192,36195,36210,36212,36301,36303,36348,36351,36355,36358,36437,36439,36461,36464,36471,36476,36479,36582,36584,36609,36612,36619,36625,36630,36633,36644,36750,36752,36773,36781,36788,36794,36813,36818,36821,36840,36842,36927,36929,36958,36961,36966,36971,36974,36985,36987,37076,37078,37098,37104,37210,37212,37232,37235,37319,37321,37341,37348,37350,37354,37360,37363,37420,37423,37426,37487,37496,37499,37502,37530,37533,37593,37595,37612,37616,37619,37697,37699,37719,37722,37797,37801,37804,37806,37815,37820,37822,37873,37881,37893,37898,37959,37961,37978,37982,38045,38047,38072,38080,38082,38088,38094,38101,38109,38115,38118,38125,38135,38141,38147,38150,38167,38173,38175,38201],[11,35734,1680,35736,1684],{"id":35735},"python-filter-function-explained",[19,35737,35738],{},"filter()",[15,35740,35741,35743],{},[19,35742,35738],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[15,35745,35746],{},"It takes:",[27,35748,35749,35752],{},[30,35750,35751],{},"a function that checks each item",[30,35753,35754],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[15,35756,35757,35758,35761,35762,35765,35766,35768],{},"The result is ",[1854,35759,35760],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[19,35763,35764],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[19,35767,22934],{}," to see the values.",[43,35770,46],{"id":45},[48,35772,35774],{"className":50,"code":35773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[19,35775,35776,35809,35845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35777,35778,35780,35782,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796,35798,35800,35802,35804,35807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35779,1724],{"class":285},[57,35781,289],{"class":76},[57,35783,1729],{"class":67},[57,35785,1078],{"class":80},[57,35787,1081],{"class":67},[57,35789,1084],{"class":80},[57,35791,1081],{"class":67},[57,35793,530],{"class":80},[57,35795,1081],{"class":67},[57,35797,536],{"class":80},[57,35799,1081],{"class":67},[57,35801,2724],{"class":80},[57,35803,1081],{"class":67},[57,35805,35806],{"class":80}," 6",[57,35808,1742],{"class":67},[57,35810,35811,35813,35815,35818,35820,35823,35827,35829,35831,35833,35835,35837,35839,35841,35843],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35812,300],{"class":285},[57,35814,289],{"class":76},[57,35816,35817],{"class":63}," filter",[57,35819,68],{"class":67},[57,35821,35822],{"class":125},"lambda",[57,35824,35826],{"class":35825},"sFwrP"," x",[57,35828,972],{"class":67},[57,35830,1994],{"class":238},[57,35832,4530],{"class":76},[57,35834,1084],{"class":80},[57,35836,4535],{"class":76},[57,35838,1946],{"class":80},[57,35840,1081],{"class":67},[57,35842,2380],{"class":238},[57,35844,242],{"class":67},[57,35846,35847,35849,35851,35853,35855,35857,35859],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35848,64],{"class":63},[57,35850,68],{"class":67},[57,35852,6226],{"class":990},[57,35854,68],{"class":67},[57,35856,339],{"class":238},[57,35858,3485],{"class":67},[57,35860,35861],{"class":1772},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,35863,35864,35866,35867,35869],{},[19,35865,35738],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[19,35868,22934],{}," to see the results.",[43,35871,1787,35873,1790],{"id":35872},"what-filter-does",[19,35874,35738],{},[15,35876,35877,35879],{},[19,35878,35738],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[15,35881,169],{},[27,35883,35884,35887,35893],{},[30,35885,35886],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[30,35888,35889,35890,35892],{},"if the test returns ",[19,35891,1709],{},", the item is kept",[30,35894,35889,35895,35897],{},[19,35896,1783],{},", the item is removed",[15,35899,275],{},[48,35901,35903],{"className":50,"code":35902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,35904,35905,35933,35937,35965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35906,35907,35909,35911,35913,35915,35917,35919,35921,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35908,1724],{"class":285},[57,35910,289],{"class":76},[57,35912,1729],{"class":67},[57,35914,1078],{"class":80},[57,35916,1081],{"class":67},[57,35918,1084],{"class":80},[57,35920,1081],{"class":67},[57,35922,530],{"class":80},[57,35924,1081],{"class":67},[57,35926,536],{"class":80},[57,35928,1081],{"class":67},[57,35930,2724],{"class":80},[57,35932,1742],{"class":67},[57,35934,35935],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,35936,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,35938,35939,35941,35943,35945,35947,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,35940,300],{"class":285},[57,35942,289],{"class":76},[57,35944,35817],{"class":63},[57,35946,68],{"class":67},[57,35948,35822],{"class":125},[57,35950,35826],{"class":35825},[57,35952,972],{"class":67},[57,35954,1994],{"class":238},[57,35956,2369],{"class":76},[57,35958,530],{"class":80},[57,35960,1081],{"class":67},[57,35962,2380],{"class":238},[57,35964,242],{"class":67},[57,35966,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35977],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,35968,64],{"class":63},[57,35970,68],{"class":67},[57,35972,6226],{"class":990},[57,35974,68],{"class":67},[57,35976,339],{"class":238},[57,35978,84],{"class":67},[15,35980,131],{},[48,35982,35984],{"className":50,"code":35983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[4, 5]\n",[19,35985,35986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35987,35988,35990,35992,35994,35996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35989,2015],{"class":67},[57,35991,585],{"class":80},[57,35993,1081],{"class":67},[57,35995,2724],{"class":80},[57,35997,1742],{"class":67},[15,35999,36000,36001,36003],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[19,36002,122],{}," are kept.",[43,36005,36007],{"id":36006},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[15,36009,224],{},[48,36011,36013],{"className":50,"code":36012,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[19,36014,36015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36016,36017,36019,36021,36024,36026,36029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36018,35764],{"class":63},[57,36020,68],{"class":67},[57,36022,36023],{"class":238},"function",[57,36025,1081],{"class":67},[57,36027,36028],{"class":238}," iterable",[57,36030,242],{"class":67},[616,36032,36033],{"id":36023},[19,36034,36023],{},[15,36036,36037],{},"This is the test function.",[27,36039,36040,36043],{},[30,36041,36042],{},"It receives one item at a time",[30,36044,36045,36046,965,36048],{},"It should return ",[19,36047,1709],{},[19,36049,1783],{},[616,36051,36052],{"id":1831},[19,36053,1831],{},[15,36055,36056],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[15,36058,36059],{},"It can be:",[27,36061,36062,36065,36068,36071,36074],{},[30,36063,36064],{},"a list",[30,36066,36067],{},"a tuple",[30,36069,36070],{},"a string",[30,36072,36073],{},"a set",[30,36075,36076],{},"another iterable object",[15,36078,36079],{},"Example with a tuple:",[48,36081,36083],{"className":50,"code":36082,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,36084,36085,36110,36114,36142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36086,36087,36089,36091,36093,36095,36097,36100,36102,36104,36106,36108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36088,1724],{"class":285},[57,36090,289],{"class":76},[57,36092,7373],{"class":67},[57,36094,407],{"class":80},[57,36096,1081],{"class":67},[57,36098,36099],{"class":80}," 15",[57,36101,1081],{"class":67},[57,36103,5921],{"class":80},[57,36105,1081],{"class":67},[57,36107,7443],{"class":80},[57,36109,242],{"class":67},[57,36111,36112],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36113,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,36115,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,36117,300],{"class":285},[57,36119,289],{"class":76},[57,36121,35817],{"class":63},[57,36123,68],{"class":67},[57,36125,35822],{"class":125},[57,36127,35826],{"class":35825},[57,36129,972],{"class":67},[57,36131,1994],{"class":238},[57,36133,3220],{"class":76},[57,36135,5921],{"class":80},[57,36137,1081],{"class":67},[57,36139,2380],{"class":238},[57,36141,242],{"class":67},[57,36143,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,36145,64],{"class":63},[57,36147,68],{"class":67},[57,36149,6226],{"class":990},[57,36151,68],{"class":67},[57,36153,339],{"class":238},[57,36155,84],{"class":67},[15,36157,131],{},[48,36159,36161],{"className":50,"code":36160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 25]\n",[19,36162,36163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36164,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36166,2015],{"class":67},[57,36168,13902],{"class":80},[57,36170,1081],{"class":67},[57,36172,7443],{"class":80},[57,36174,1742],{"class":67},[15,36176,36177,36178,498],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[373,36179,3258],{"href":3711},[43,36181,36183],{"id":36182},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[15,36185,36186,36187,20127,36189,498],{},"In Python 3, ",[19,36188,35738],{},[1854,36190,36191],{},"filter object",[15,36193,36194],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[27,36196,36197,36200,36205],{},[30,36198,36199],{},"loop through it",[30,36201,36202,36203],{},"convert it with ",[19,36204,22934],{},[30,36206,36202,36207],{},[19,36208,36209],{},"tuple()",[15,36211,275],{},[48,36213,36215],{"className":50,"code":36214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,36216,36217,36259,36263,36273,36287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36218,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231,36233,36235,36237,36239,36241,36243,36245,36247,36249,36251,36253,36255,36257],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36220,300],{"class":285},[57,36222,289],{"class":76},[57,36224,35817],{"class":63},[57,36226,68],{"class":67},[57,36228,35822],{"class":125},[57,36230,35826],{"class":35825},[57,36232,972],{"class":67},[57,36234,1994],{"class":238},[57,36236,2369],{"class":76},[57,36238,1084],{"class":80},[57,36240,1081],{"class":67},[57,36242,1729],{"class":67},[57,36244,1078],{"class":80},[57,36246,1081],{"class":67},[57,36248,1084],{"class":80},[57,36250,1081],{"class":67},[57,36252,530],{"class":80},[57,36254,1081],{"class":67},[57,36256,536],{"class":80},[57,36258,2003],{"class":67},[57,36260,36261],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36262,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,36264,36265,36267,36269,36271],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,36266,64],{"class":63},[57,36268,68],{"class":67},[57,36270,339],{"class":238},[57,36272,242],{"class":67},[57,36274,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,36276,64],{"class":63},[57,36278,68],{"class":67},[57,36280,1315],{"class":990},[57,36282,68],{"class":67},[57,36284,339],{"class":238},[57,36286,84],{"class":67},[57,36288,36289,36291,36293,36295,36297,36299],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,36290,64],{"class":63},[57,36292,68],{"class":67},[57,36294,6226],{"class":990},[57,36296,68],{"class":67},[57,36298,339],{"class":238},[57,36300,84],{"class":67},[15,36302,131],{},[48,36304,36306],{"className":50,"code":36305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[19,36307,36308,36322,36336],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36309,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36311,1384],{"class":76},[57,36313,35764],{"class":63},[57,36315,22770],{"class":990},[57,36317,35526],{"class":285},[57,36319,35533],{"class":32611},[57,36321,1398],{"class":76},[57,36323,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36325,1384],{"class":76},[57,36327,1387],{"class":125},[57,36329,1390],{"class":938},[57,36331,35764],{"class":942},[57,36333,1395],{"class":938},[57,36335,1398],{"class":76},[57,36337,36338,36340,36342,36344,36346],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,36339,2015],{"class":67},[57,36341,122],{"class":80},[57,36343,1081],{"class":67},[57,36345,536],{"class":80},[57,36347,1742],{"class":67},[15,36349,36350],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[616,36352,36354],{"id":36353},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[15,36356,36357],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[48,36359,36361],{"className":50,"code":36360,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,36362,36363,36405,36409,36423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36364,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36366,300],{"class":285},[57,36368,289],{"class":76},[57,36370,35817],{"class":63},[57,36372,68],{"class":67},[57,36374,35822],{"class":125},[57,36376,35826],{"class":35825},[57,36378,972],{"class":67},[57,36380,1994],{"class":238},[57,36382,2369],{"class":76},[57,36384,1084],{"class":80},[57,36386,1081],{"class":67},[57,36388,1729],{"class":67},[57,36390,1078],{"class":80},[57,36392,1081],{"class":67},[57,36394,1084],{"class":80},[57,36396,1081],{"class":67},[57,36398,530],{"class":80},[57,36400,1081],{"class":67},[57,36402,536],{"class":80},[57,36404,2003],{"class":67},[57,36406,36407],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36408,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,36410,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,36412,64],{"class":63},[57,36414,68],{"class":67},[57,36416,6226],{"class":990},[57,36418,68],{"class":67},[57,36420,339],{"class":238},[57,36422,84],{"class":67},[57,36424,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,36426,64],{"class":63},[57,36428,68],{"class":67},[57,36430,6226],{"class":990},[57,36432,68],{"class":67},[57,36434,339],{"class":238},[57,36436,84],{"class":67},[15,36438,131],{},[48,36440,36442],{"className":50,"code":36441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[19,36443,36444,36456],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36445,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36447,2015],{"class":67},[57,36449,122],{"class":80},[57,36451,1081],{"class":67},[57,36453,536],{"class":80},[57,36455,1742],{"class":67},[57,36457,36458],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36459,36460],{"class":67},"[]\n",[15,36462,36463],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[43,36465,6551,36467,6840,36469],{"id":36466},"using-filter-with-lambda",[19,36468,35738],{},[19,36470,35822],{},[15,36472,13336,36473,36475],{},[19,36474,35822],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[15,36477,36478],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[48,36480,36482],{"className":50,"code":36481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,36483,36484,36526,36530,36568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36485,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515,36517,36519,36522,36524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36487,2186],{"class":285},[57,36489,289],{"class":76},[57,36491,1729],{"class":67},[57,36493,939],{"class":938},[57,36495,2195],{"class":942},[57,36497,939],{"class":938},[57,36499,1081],{"class":67},[57,36501,1449],{"class":938},[57,36503,36504],{"class":942},"kiwi",[57,36506,939],{"class":938},[57,36508,1081],{"class":67},[57,36510,1449],{"class":938},[57,36512,2204],{"class":942},[57,36514,939],{"class":938},[57,36516,1081],{"class":67},[57,36518,1449],{"class":938},[57,36520,36521],{"class":942},"fig",[57,36523,939],{"class":938},[57,36525,1742],{"class":67},[57,36527,36528],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36529,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,36531,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36545,36547,36550,36552,36555,36557,36560,36562,36564,36566],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,36533,300],{"class":285},[57,36535,289],{"class":76},[57,36537,35817],{"class":63},[57,36539,68],{"class":67},[57,36541,35822],{"class":125},[57,36543,36544],{"class":35825}," word",[57,36546,972],{"class":67},[57,36548,36549],{"class":63}," len",[57,36551,68],{"class":67},[57,36553,36554],{"class":238},"word",[57,36556,1769],{"class":67},[57,36558,36559],{"class":76}," >",[57,36561,536],{"class":80},[57,36563,1081],{"class":67},[57,36565,4294],{"class":238},[57,36567,242],{"class":67},[57,36569,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,36571,64],{"class":63},[57,36573,68],{"class":67},[57,36575,6226],{"class":990},[57,36577,68],{"class":67},[57,36579,339],{"class":238},[57,36581,84],{"class":67},[15,36583,131],{},[48,36585,36587],{"className":50,"code":36586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[19,36588,36589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36590,36591,36593,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36592,2015],{"class":67},[57,36594,1395],{"class":938},[57,36596,2195],{"class":942},[57,36598,1395],{"class":938},[57,36600,1081],{"class":67},[57,36602,1390],{"class":938},[57,36604,2204],{"class":942},[57,36606,1395],{"class":938},[57,36608,1742],{"class":67},[15,36610,36611],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[15,36613,36614,36615,498],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[373,36616,36618],{"href":36617},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[43,36620,6551,36622,36624],{"id":36621},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[19,36623,35738],{}," with a named function",[15,36626,36627,36628,498],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[19,36629,35822],{},[15,36631,36632],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[27,36634,36635,36638,36641],{},[30,36636,36637],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[30,36639,36640],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[30,36642,36643],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[48,36645,36647],{"className":50,"code":36646,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,36648,36649,36662,36677,36681,36713,36732,36736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36650,36651,36653,36656,36658,36660],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36652,33010],{"class":125},[57,36654,36655],{"class":33013}," is_even",[57,36657,68],{"class":67},[57,36659,310],{"class":35825},[57,36661,6475],{"class":67},[57,36663,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36665,33021],{"class":1990},[57,36667,4513],{"class":285},[57,36669,4530],{"class":76},[57,36671,1084],{"class":80},[57,36673,4535],{"class":76},[57,36675,36676],{"class":80}," 0\n",[57,36678,36679],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,36680,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,36682,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,36684,1724],{"class":285},[57,36686,289],{"class":76},[57,36688,1729],{"class":67},[57,36690,1078],{"class":80},[57,36692,1081],{"class":67},[57,36694,1084],{"class":80},[57,36696,1081],{"class":67},[57,36698,530],{"class":80},[57,36700,1081],{"class":67},[57,36702,536],{"class":80},[57,36704,1081],{"class":67},[57,36706,2724],{"class":80},[57,36708,1081],{"class":67},[57,36710,35806],{"class":80},[57,36712,1742],{"class":67},[57,36714,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36726,36728,36730],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,36716,300],{"class":285},[57,36718,289],{"class":76},[57,36720,35817],{"class":63},[57,36722,68],{"class":67},[57,36724,36725],{"class":238},"is_even",[57,36727,1081],{"class":67},[57,36729,2380],{"class":238},[57,36731,242],{"class":67},[57,36733,36734],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,36735,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,36737,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,36739,64],{"class":63},[57,36741,68],{"class":67},[57,36743,6226],{"class":990},[57,36745,68],{"class":67},[57,36747,339],{"class":238},[57,36749,84],{"class":67},[15,36751,131],{},[48,36753,36755],{"className":50,"code":36754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[19,36756,36757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36758,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36760,2015],{"class":67},[57,36762,116],{"class":80},[57,36764,1081],{"class":67},[57,36766,536],{"class":80},[57,36768,1081],{"class":67},[57,36770,35806],{"class":80},[57,36772,1742],{"class":67},[15,36774,18922,36775,474,36778,36780],{},[19,36776,36777],{},"is_even()",[19,36779,1709],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[43,36782,6551,36784,6840,36786],{"id":36783},"using-none-with-filter",[19,36785,1890],{},[19,36787,35738],{},[15,36789,36790,36791,36793],{},"You can pass ",[19,36792,1890],{}," as the first argument:",[48,36795,36797],{"className":50,"code":36796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[19,36798,36799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36800,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36802,35764],{"class":63},[57,36804,68],{"class":67},[57,36806,1890],{"class":1965},[57,36808,1081],{"class":67},[57,36810,36028],{"class":238},[57,36812,242],{"class":67},[15,36814,36815,36816,5469],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[1854,36817,3721],{},[15,36819,36820],{},"Falsy values include:",[27,36822,36823,36827,36832,36836],{},[30,36824,36825],{},[19,36826,182],{},[30,36828,36829,36831],{},[19,36830,1885],{}," (empty string)",[30,36833,36834],{},[19,36835,1890],{},[30,36837,36838],{},[19,36839,1783],{},[15,36841,275],{},[48,36843,36845],{"className":50,"code":36844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,36846,36847,36891,36895,36913],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36848,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36850,5910],{"class":285},[57,36852,289],{"class":76},[57,36854,1729],{"class":67},[57,36856,182],{"class":80},[57,36858,1081],{"class":67},[57,36860,3622],{"class":80},[57,36862,1081],{"class":67},[57,36864,4252],{"class":938},[57,36866,1081],{"class":67},[57,36868,1449],{"class":938},[57,36870,1958],{"class":942},[57,36872,939],{"class":938},[57,36874,1081],{"class":67},[57,36876,1966],{"class":1965},[57,36878,1081],{"class":67},[57,36880,2031],{"class":1965},[57,36882,1081],{"class":67},[57,36884,2022],{"class":1965},[57,36886,1081],{"class":67},[57,36888,2724],{"class":80},[57,36890,1742],{"class":67},[57,36892,36893],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,36894,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,36896,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,36898,300],{"class":285},[57,36900,289],{"class":76},[57,36902,35817],{"class":63},[57,36904,68],{"class":67},[57,36906,1890],{"class":1965},[57,36908,1081],{"class":67},[57,36910,4091],{"class":238},[57,36912,242],{"class":67},[57,36914,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,36916,64],{"class":63},[57,36918,68],{"class":67},[57,36920,6226],{"class":990},[57,36922,68],{"class":67},[57,36924,339],{"class":238},[57,36926,84],{"class":67},[15,36928,131],{},[48,36930,36932],{"className":50,"code":36931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[19,36933,36934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36935,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36937,2015],{"class":67},[57,36939,1078],{"class":80},[57,36941,1081],{"class":67},[57,36943,1390],{"class":938},[57,36945,1958],{"class":942},[57,36947,1395],{"class":938},[57,36949,1081],{"class":67},[57,36951,2031],{"class":1965},[57,36953,1081],{"class":67},[57,36955,2724],{"class":80},[57,36957,1742],{"class":67},[15,36959,36960],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[43,36962,3082,36964],{"id":36963},"when-to-use-filter",[19,36965,35738],{},[15,36967,154,36968,36970],{},[19,36969,35738],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[15,36972,36973],{},"It works well for:",[27,36975,36976,36979,36982],{},[30,36977,36978],{},"simple filtering rules",[30,36980,36981],{},"quick data cleaning",[30,36983,36984],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[15,36986,275],{},[48,36988,36990],{"className":50,"code":36989,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[19,36991,36992,37024,37057,37061],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36993,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36995,1724],{"class":285},[57,36997,289],{"class":76},[57,36999,1729],{"class":67},[57,37001,1078],{"class":80},[57,37003,1081],{"class":67},[57,37005,1084],{"class":80},[57,37007,1081],{"class":67},[57,37009,530],{"class":80},[57,37011,1081],{"class":67},[57,37013,536],{"class":80},[57,37015,1081],{"class":67},[57,37017,2724],{"class":80},[57,37019,1081],{"class":67},[57,37021,35806],{"class":80},[57,37023,1742],{"class":67},[57,37025,37026,37029,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37027,37028],{"class":285},"evens ",[57,37030,289],{"class":76},[57,37032,35817],{"class":63},[57,37034,68],{"class":67},[57,37036,35822],{"class":125},[57,37038,35826],{"class":35825},[57,37040,972],{"class":67},[57,37042,1994],{"class":238},[57,37044,4530],{"class":76},[57,37046,1084],{"class":80},[57,37048,4535],{"class":76},[57,37050,1946],{"class":80},[57,37052,1081],{"class":67},[57,37054,2380],{"class":238},[57,37056,242],{"class":67},[57,37058,37059],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,37060,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,37062,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37074],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,37064,64],{"class":63},[57,37066,68],{"class":67},[57,37068,6226],{"class":990},[57,37070,68],{"class":67},[57,37072,37073],{"class":238},"evens",[57,37075,84],{"class":67},[15,37077,131],{},[48,37079,37080],{"className":50,"code":36754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,37081,37082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37083,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37085,2015],{"class":67},[57,37087,116],{"class":80},[57,37089,1081],{"class":67},[57,37091,536],{"class":80},[57,37093,1081],{"class":67},[57,37095,35806],{"class":80},[57,37097,1742],{"class":67},[15,37099,37100,37101,37103],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[19,37102,4083],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[48,37105,37107],{"className":50,"code":37106,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[19,37108,37109,37141,37149,37153,37165,37181,37196,37200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37110,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37112,1724],{"class":285},[57,37114,289],{"class":76},[57,37116,1729],{"class":67},[57,37118,1078],{"class":80},[57,37120,1081],{"class":67},[57,37122,1084],{"class":80},[57,37124,1081],{"class":67},[57,37126,530],{"class":80},[57,37128,1081],{"class":67},[57,37130,536],{"class":80},[57,37132,1081],{"class":67},[57,37134,2724],{"class":80},[57,37136,1081],{"class":67},[57,37138,35806],{"class":80},[57,37140,1742],{"class":67},[57,37142,37143,37145,37147],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37144,37028],{"class":285},[57,37146,289],{"class":76},[57,37148,5970],{"class":67},[57,37150,37151],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,37152,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,37154,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,37156,4083],{"class":1990},[57,37158,4513],{"class":285},[57,37160,1997],{"class":1990},[57,37162,2380],{"class":285},[57,37164,4520],{"class":67},[57,37166,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,37168,4525],{"class":1990},[57,37170,4513],{"class":285},[57,37172,4530],{"class":76},[57,37174,1084],{"class":80},[57,37176,4535],{"class":76},[57,37178,1946],{"class":80},[57,37180,4520],{"class":67},[57,37182,37183,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,37184,37185],{"class":285},"        evens",[57,37187,498],{"class":67},[57,37189,11699],{"class":238},[57,37191,68],{"class":67},[57,37193,310],{"class":238},[57,37195,242],{"class":67},[57,37197,37198],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,37199,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,37201,37202,37204,37206,37208],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,37203,64],{"class":63},[57,37205,68],{"class":67},[57,37207,37073],{"class":238},[57,37209,242],{"class":67},[15,37211,131],{},[48,37213,37214],{"className":50,"code":36754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,37215,37216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37219,2015],{"class":67},[57,37221,116],{"class":80},[57,37223,1081],{"class":67},[57,37225,536],{"class":80},[57,37227,1081],{"class":67},[57,37229,35806],{"class":80},[57,37231,1742],{"class":67},[15,37233,37234],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[48,37236,37238],{"className":50,"code":37237,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[19,37239,37240,37272,37305,37309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37241,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37243,1724],{"class":285},[57,37245,289],{"class":76},[57,37247,1729],{"class":67},[57,37249,1078],{"class":80},[57,37251,1081],{"class":67},[57,37253,1084],{"class":80},[57,37255,1081],{"class":67},[57,37257,530],{"class":80},[57,37259,1081],{"class":67},[57,37261,536],{"class":80},[57,37263,1081],{"class":67},[57,37265,2724],{"class":80},[57,37267,1081],{"class":67},[57,37269,35806],{"class":80},[57,37271,1742],{"class":67},[57,37273,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37275,37028],{"class":285},[57,37277,289],{"class":76},[57,37279,1729],{"class":67},[57,37281,286],{"class":285},[57,37283,4083],{"class":1990},[57,37285,4513],{"class":285},[57,37287,1997],{"class":1990},[57,37289,37290],{"class":285}," numbers ",[57,37292,5126],{"class":1990},[57,37294,4513],{"class":285},[57,37296,4530],{"class":76},[57,37298,1084],{"class":80},[57,37300,4535],{"class":76},[57,37302,1946],{"class":80},[57,37304,1742],{"class":67},[57,37306,37307],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,37308,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,37310,37311,37313,37315,37317],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,37312,64],{"class":63},[57,37314,68],{"class":67},[57,37316,37073],{"class":238},[57,37318,242],{"class":67},[15,37320,131],{},[48,37322,37323],{"className":50,"code":36754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,37324,37325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37326,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37328,2015],{"class":67},[57,37330,116],{"class":80},[57,37332,1081],{"class":67},[57,37334,536],{"class":80},[57,37336,1081],{"class":67},[57,37338,35806],{"class":80},[57,37340,1742],{"class":67},[15,37342,37343,37344,498],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[373,37345,37347],{"href":37346},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[43,37349,913],{"id":912},[15,37351,12880,37352,498],{},[19,37353,35738],{},[616,37355,6587,37357,37359],{"id":37356},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[19,37358,35738],{}," to return a list",[15,37361,37362],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[48,37364,37366],{"className":50,"code":37365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[19,37367,37368,37410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37369,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37371,300],{"class":285},[57,37373,289],{"class":76},[57,37375,35817],{"class":63},[57,37377,68],{"class":67},[57,37379,35822],{"class":125},[57,37381,35826],{"class":35825},[57,37383,972],{"class":67},[57,37385,1994],{"class":238},[57,37387,2369],{"class":76},[57,37389,1084],{"class":80},[57,37391,1081],{"class":67},[57,37393,1729],{"class":67},[57,37395,1078],{"class":80},[57,37397,1081],{"class":67},[57,37399,1084],{"class":80},[57,37401,1081],{"class":67},[57,37403,530],{"class":80},[57,37405,1081],{"class":67},[57,37407,536],{"class":80},[57,37409,2003],{"class":67},[57,37411,37412,37414,37416,37418],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37413,64],{"class":63},[57,37415,68],{"class":67},[57,37417,339],{"class":238},[57,37419,242],{"class":67},[15,37421,37422],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[15,37424,37425],{},"Fix:",[48,37427,37429],{"className":50,"code":37428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,37430,37431,37473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37432,37433,37435,37437,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37434,300],{"class":285},[57,37436,289],{"class":76},[57,37438,35817],{"class":63},[57,37440,68],{"class":67},[57,37442,35822],{"class":125},[57,37444,35826],{"class":35825},[57,37446,972],{"class":67},[57,37448,1994],{"class":238},[57,37450,2369],{"class":76},[57,37452,1084],{"class":80},[57,37454,1081],{"class":67},[57,37456,1729],{"class":67},[57,37458,1078],{"class":80},[57,37460,1081],{"class":67},[57,37462,1084],{"class":80},[57,37464,1081],{"class":67},[57,37466,530],{"class":80},[57,37468,1081],{"class":67},[57,37470,536],{"class":80},[57,37472,2003],{"class":67},[57,37474,37475,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37476,64],{"class":63},[57,37478,68],{"class":67},[57,37480,6226],{"class":990},[57,37482,68],{"class":67},[57,37484,339],{"class":238},[57,37486,84],{"class":67},[616,37488,37490,37491,965,37493,37495],{"id":37489},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[19,37492,1709],{},[19,37494,1783],{}," clearly",[15,37497,37498],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[15,37500,37501],{},"Good example:",[48,37503,37505],{"className":50,"code":37504,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[19,37506,37507,37520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37508,37509,37511,37514,37516,37518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37510,33010],{"class":125},[57,37512,37513],{"class":33013}," is_positive",[57,37515,68],{"class":67},[57,37517,310],{"class":35825},[57,37519,6475],{"class":67},[57,37521,37522,37524,37526,37528],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37523,33021],{"class":1990},[57,37525,4513],{"class":285},[57,37527,2369],{"class":76},[57,37529,36676],{"class":80},[15,37531,37532],{},"Then use it with:",[48,37534,37536],{"className":50,"code":37535,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[19,37537,37538,37570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37539,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37541,1724],{"class":285},[57,37543,289],{"class":76},[57,37545,1729],{"class":67},[57,37547,77],{"class":76},[57,37549,116],{"class":80},[57,37551,1081],{"class":67},[57,37553,292],{"class":76},[57,37555,1078],{"class":80},[57,37557,1081],{"class":67},[57,37559,1946],{"class":80},[57,37561,1081],{"class":67},[57,37563,3622],{"class":80},[57,37565,1081],{"class":67},[57,37567,1084],{"class":80},[57,37569,1742],{"class":67},[57,37571,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37587,37589,37591],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37573,64],{"class":63},[57,37575,68],{"class":67},[57,37577,6226],{"class":990},[57,37579,68],{"class":67},[57,37581,35764],{"class":63},[57,37583,68],{"class":67},[57,37585,37586],{"class":238},"is_positive",[57,37588,1081],{"class":67},[57,37590,2380],{"class":238},[57,37592,1001],{"class":67},[15,37594,131],{},[48,37596,37598],{"className":50,"code":37597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2]\n",[19,37599,37600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37601,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37603,2015],{"class":67},[57,37605,1078],{"class":80},[57,37607,1081],{"class":67},[57,37609,1084],{"class":80},[57,37611,1742],{"class":67},[616,37613,37615],{"id":37614},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[15,37617,37618],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[48,37620,37621],{"className":50,"code":36360,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,37622,37623,37665,37669,37683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37624,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37626,300],{"class":285},[57,37628,289],{"class":76},[57,37630,35817],{"class":63},[57,37632,68],{"class":67},[57,37634,35822],{"class":125},[57,37636,35826],{"class":35825},[57,37638,972],{"class":67},[57,37640,1994],{"class":238},[57,37642,2369],{"class":76},[57,37644,1084],{"class":80},[57,37646,1081],{"class":67},[57,37648,1729],{"class":67},[57,37650,1078],{"class":80},[57,37652,1081],{"class":67},[57,37654,1084],{"class":80},[57,37656,1081],{"class":67},[57,37658,530],{"class":80},[57,37660,1081],{"class":67},[57,37662,536],{"class":80},[57,37664,2003],{"class":67},[57,37666,37667],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37668,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,37670,37671,37673,37675,37677,37679,37681],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,37672,64],{"class":63},[57,37674,68],{"class":67},[57,37676,6226],{"class":990},[57,37678,68],{"class":67},[57,37680,339],{"class":238},[57,37682,84],{"class":67},[57,37684,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693,37695],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,37686,64],{"class":63},[57,37688,68],{"class":67},[57,37690,6226],{"class":990},[57,37692,68],{"class":67},[57,37694,339],{"class":238},[57,37696,84],{"class":67},[15,37698,131],{},[48,37700,37701],{"className":50,"code":36441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,37702,37703,37715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37704,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37706,2015],{"class":67},[57,37708,122],{"class":80},[57,37710,1081],{"class":67},[57,37712,536],{"class":80},[57,37714,1742],{"class":67},[57,37716,37717],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37718,36460],{"class":67},[15,37720,37721],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[48,37723,37725],{"className":50,"code":37724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[19,37726,37727,37773,37777,37787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37728,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37730,300],{"class":285},[57,37732,289],{"class":76},[57,37734,20712],{"class":990},[57,37736,68],{"class":67},[57,37738,35764],{"class":63},[57,37740,68],{"class":67},[57,37742,35822],{"class":125},[57,37744,35826],{"class":35825},[57,37746,972],{"class":67},[57,37748,1994],{"class":238},[57,37750,2369],{"class":76},[57,37752,1084],{"class":80},[57,37754,1081],{"class":67},[57,37756,1729],{"class":67},[57,37758,1078],{"class":80},[57,37760,1081],{"class":67},[57,37762,1084],{"class":80},[57,37764,1081],{"class":67},[57,37766,530],{"class":80},[57,37768,1081],{"class":67},[57,37770,536],{"class":80},[57,37772,1091],{"class":67},[57,37774,37775],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37776,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,37778,37779,37781,37783,37785],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,37780,64],{"class":63},[57,37782,68],{"class":67},[57,37784,339],{"class":238},[57,37786,242],{"class":67},[57,37788,37789,37791,37793,37795],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,37790,64],{"class":63},[57,37792,68],{"class":67},[57,37794,339],{"class":238},[57,37796,242],{"class":67},[616,37798,37800],{"id":37799},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[15,37802,37803],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[15,37805,14792],{},[48,37807,37809],{"className":50,"code":37808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[19,37810,37811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37812,37813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37814,37808],{"class":1772},[15,37816,37817,37818,4679],{},"This causes an error because ",[19,37819,407],{},[15,37821,14804],{},[48,37823,37825],{"className":50,"code":37824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[19,37826,37827],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37828,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37830,64],{"class":63},[57,37832,68],{"class":67},[57,37834,6226],{"class":990},[57,37836,68],{"class":67},[57,37838,35764],{"class":63},[57,37840,68],{"class":67},[57,37842,35822],{"class":125},[57,37844,35826],{"class":35825},[57,37846,972],{"class":67},[57,37848,1994],{"class":238},[57,37850,2369],{"class":76},[57,37852,1084],{"class":80},[57,37854,1081],{"class":67},[57,37856,1729],{"class":67},[57,37858,1078],{"class":80},[57,37860,1081],{"class":67},[57,37862,1084],{"class":80},[57,37864,1081],{"class":67},[57,37866,530],{"class":80},[57,37868,1081],{"class":67},[57,37870,536],{"class":80},[57,37872,35427],{"class":67},[616,37874,35366,37876,6840,37878],{"id":37875},"confusing-filter-with-map",[19,37877,35738],{},[19,37879,37880],{},"map()",[27,37882,37883,37888],{},[30,37884,37885,37887],{},[19,37886,35738],{}," keeps or removes items",[30,37889,37890,37892],{},[19,37891,37880],{}," changes each item into a new value",[15,37894,37895,37896,972],{},"Example of ",[19,37897,35738],{},[48,37899,37901],{"className":50,"code":37900,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[19,37902,37903,37927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37904,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37906,1724],{"class":285},[57,37908,289],{"class":76},[57,37910,1729],{"class":67},[57,37912,1078],{"class":80},[57,37914,1081],{"class":67},[57,37916,1084],{"class":80},[57,37918,1081],{"class":67},[57,37920,530],{"class":80},[57,37922,1081],{"class":67},[57,37924,536],{"class":80},[57,37926,1742],{"class":67},[57,37928,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,37930,64],{"class":63},[57,37932,68],{"class":67},[57,37934,6226],{"class":990},[57,37936,68],{"class":67},[57,37938,35764],{"class":63},[57,37940,68],{"class":67},[57,37942,35822],{"class":125},[57,37944,35826],{"class":35825},[57,37946,972],{"class":67},[57,37948,1994],{"class":238},[57,37950,2369],{"class":76},[57,37952,1084],{"class":80},[57,37954,1081],{"class":67},[57,37956,2380],{"class":238},[57,37958,1001],{"class":67},[15,37960,131],{},[48,37962,37964],{"className":50,"code":37963,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n",[19,37965,37966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37967,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37969,2015],{"class":67},[57,37971,122],{"class":80},[57,37973,1081],{"class":67},[57,37975,536],{"class":80},[57,37977,1742],{"class":67},[15,37979,37895,37980,972],{},[19,37981,37880],{},[48,37983,37985],{"className":50,"code":37984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[19,37986,37987,38011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37988,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37990,1724],{"class":285},[57,37992,289],{"class":76},[57,37994,1729],{"class":67},[57,37996,1078],{"class":80},[57,37998,1081],{"class":67},[57,38000,1084],{"class":80},[57,38002,1081],{"class":67},[57,38004,530],{"class":80},[57,38006,1081],{"class":67},[57,38008,536],{"class":80},[57,38010,1742],{"class":67},[57,38012,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38037,38039,38041,38043],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38014,64],{"class":63},[57,38016,68],{"class":67},[57,38018,6226],{"class":990},[57,38020,68],{"class":67},[57,38022,38023],{"class":63},"map",[57,38025,68],{"class":67},[57,38027,35822],{"class":125},[57,38029,35826],{"class":35825},[57,38031,972],{"class":67},[57,38033,1994],{"class":238},[57,38035,38036],{"class":76},"*",[57,38038,1084],{"class":80},[57,38040,1081],{"class":67},[57,38042,2380],{"class":238},[57,38044,1001],{"class":67},[15,38046,131],{},[48,38048,38050],{"className":50,"code":38049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[19,38051,38052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38053,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38055,2015],{"class":67},[57,38057,116],{"class":80},[57,38059,1081],{"class":67},[57,38061,536],{"class":80},[57,38063,1081],{"class":67},[57,38065,35806],{"class":80},[57,38067,1081],{"class":67},[57,38069,4486],{"class":80},[57,38071,1742],{"class":67},[15,38073,38074,38075,498],{},"For the related function, see ",[373,38076,1680,38078,1611],{"href":38077},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[19,38079,37880],{},[43,38081,1554],{"id":1553},[616,38083,10848,38085,38087],{"id":38084},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[19,38086,35738],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[15,38089,38090,38091,38093],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[19,38092,22934],{}," if needed.",[616,38095,38097,38098,38100],{"id":38096},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[19,38099,35738],{}," need to return?",[15,38102,36045,38103,38105,38106,38108],{},[19,38104,1709],{}," to keep an item and ",[19,38107,1783],{}," to remove it.",[616,38110,26483,38112,38114],{"id":38111},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[19,38113,35738],{}," without lambda?",[15,38116,38117],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[616,38119,3264,38121,38124],{"id":38120},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[19,38122,38123],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[15,38126,38127,38128,38130,38131,15221,38133,498],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[19,38129,182],{},", empty strings, ",[19,38132,1890],{},[19,38134,1783],{},[616,38136,19572,38138,38140],{"id":38137},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[19,38139,35738],{}," or a list comprehension?",[15,38142,38143,38144,38146],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[19,38145,4083],{}," loops easier to read.",[15,38148,38149],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[27,38151,38152,38158,38164],{},[30,38153,38154,38155,38157],{},"use ",[19,38156,35738],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[30,38159,38160,38161,38163],{},"use a ",[19,38162,4083],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[30,38165,38166],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[15,38168,38169,38170,498],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[373,38171,3254],{"href":38172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[43,38174,1602],{"id":1601},[27,38176,38177,38182,38186,38191,38197],{},[30,38178,38179],{},[373,38180,38181],{"href":36617},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38183,38184],{},[373,38185,3344],{"href":38172},[30,38187,38188],{},[373,38189,38190],{"href":37346},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[30,38192,38193],{},[373,38194,1680,38195,1611],{"href":38077},[19,38196,37880],{},[30,38198,38199],{},[373,38200,3339],{"href":3711},[1634,38202,38203],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":38205},[38206,38207,38209,38213,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38234,38246],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":35872,"depth":87,"text":38208},"What filter() does",{"id":36006,"depth":87,"text":36007,"children":38210},[38211,38212],{"id":36023,"depth":103,"text":36023},{"id":1831,"depth":103,"text":1831},{"id":36182,"depth":87,"text":36183,"children":38214},[38215],{"id":36353,"depth":103,"text":36354},{"id":36466,"depth":87,"text":38217},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":36621,"depth":87,"text":38219},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":36783,"depth":87,"text":38221},"Using None with filter()",{"id":36963,"depth":87,"text":38223},"When to use filter()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":38225},[38226,38228,38230,38231,38232],{"id":37356,"depth":103,"text":38227},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":37489,"depth":103,"text":38229},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":37614,"depth":103,"text":37615},{"id":37799,"depth":103,"text":37800},{"id":37875,"depth":103,"text":38233},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":38235},[38236,38238,38240,38242,38244],{"id":38084,"depth":103,"text":38237},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":38096,"depth":103,"text":38239},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":38111,"depth":103,"text":38241},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":38120,"depth":103,"text":38243},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":38137,"depth":103,"text":38245},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":35730,"description":38247},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":38254,"title":38255,"body":38256,"description":40409,"extension":1666,"meta":40410,"navigation":317,"path":40411,"seo":40412,"stem":40413,"__hash__":40414},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":38257,"toc":40363},[38258,38261,38266,38272,38274,38326,38328,38347,38352,38356,38361,38364,38379,38382,38404,38406,38455,38457,38481,38483,38485,38500,38505,38513,38528,38530,38539,38542,38577,38581,38586,38590,38597,38632,38634,38650,38654,38657,38698,38700,38714,38718,38721,38745,38747,38756,38760,38763,38796,38798,38811,38815,38821,38840,38842,38850,38854,38859,38863,38869,38892,38894,38923,38926,38945,38949,38952,38979,38981,39015,39019,39022,39046,39050,39061,39063,39068,39074,39076,39160,39162,39204,39207,39211,39218,39227,39283,39290,39299,39304,39308,39379,39381,39390,39394,39397,39441,39443,39452,39456,39462,39512,39516,39521,39525,39549,39551,39560,39564,39588,39590,39601,39605,39629,39631,39640,39643,39660,39666,39670,39676,39679,39684,39687,39708,39710,39742,39745,39750,39752,39763,39765,39809,39813,39820,39872,39874,39883,39887,39890,39983,39986,40010,40014,40017,40109,40114,40118,40125,40130,40154,40156,40165,40170,40193,40195,40203,40210,40233,40241,40243,40256,40266,40268,40272,40279,40283,40292,40296,40303,40307,40311,40315,40328,40330,40360],[11,38259,38255],{"id":38260},"python-float-function-explained",[15,38262,7259,38263,38265],{},[19,38264,971],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[15,38267,38268,38269,38271],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[19,38270,971],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[43,38273,46],{"id":45},[48,38275,38277],{"className":50,"code":38276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[19,38278,38279,38293,38312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38280,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38282,64],{"class":63},[57,38284,68],{"class":67},[57,38286,259],{"class":990},[57,38288,68],{"class":67},[57,38290,199],{"class":80},[57,38292,84],{"class":67},[57,38294,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38308,38310],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38296,64],{"class":63},[57,38298,68],{"class":67},[57,38300,259],{"class":990},[57,38302,68],{"class":67},[57,38304,939],{"class":938},[57,38306,38307],{"class":942},"3.14",[57,38309,939],{"class":938},[57,38311,84],{"class":67},[57,38313,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,38315,64],{"class":63},[57,38317,68],{"class":67},[57,38319,259],{"class":990},[57,38321,68],{"class":67},[57,38323,1709],{"class":1965},[57,38325,84],{"class":67},[15,38327,131],{},[48,38329,38331],{"className":50,"code":38330,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[19,38332,38333,38337,38342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38334,38335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38336,559],{"class":80},[57,38338,38339],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38340,38341],{"class":80},"3.14\n",[57,38343,38344],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,38345,38346],{"class":80},"1.0\n",[15,38348,154,38349,38351],{},[19,38350,971],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[43,38353,38355],{"id":38354},"what-float-does","What float() does",[15,38357,38358,38360],{},[19,38359,971],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[15,38362,38363],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[27,38365,38366,38370,38374],{},[30,38367,38368],{},[19,38369,571],{},[30,38371,38372],{},[19,38373,38307],{},[30,38375,38376],{},[19,38377,38378],{},"0.5",[15,38380,38381],{},"A few key points:",[27,38383,38384,38391,38394,38397],{},[30,38385,38386,38388,38389],{},[19,38387,971],{}," returns a value of type ",[19,38390,259],{},[30,38392,38393],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[30,38395,38396],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[30,38398,38399,38400],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[373,38401,38402],{"href":6352},[19,38403,1047],{},[15,38405,275],{},[48,38407,38409],{"className":50,"code":38408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[19,38410,38411,38431,38441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38412,38413,38415,38417,38420,38422,38424,38427,38429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38414,286],{"class":285},[57,38416,289],{"class":76},[57,38418,38419],{"class":990}," float",[57,38421,68],{"class":67},[57,38423,939],{"class":938},[57,38425,38426],{"class":942},"2.75",[57,38428,939],{"class":938},[57,38430,242],{"class":67},[57,38432,38433,38435,38437,38439],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38434,64],{"class":63},[57,38436,68],{"class":67},[57,38438,310],{"class":238},[57,38440,242],{"class":67},[57,38442,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,38444,64],{"class":63},[57,38446,68],{"class":67},[57,38448,1315],{"class":990},[57,38450,68],{"class":67},[57,38452,310],{"class":238},[57,38454,84],{"class":67},[15,38456,131],{},[48,38458,38460],{"className":50,"code":38459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[19,38461,38462,38467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38463,38464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38465,38466],{"class":80},"2.75\n",[57,38468,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38470,1384],{"class":76},[57,38472,1387],{"class":125},[57,38474,1390],{"class":938},[57,38476,259],{"class":942},[57,38478,1395],{"class":938},[57,38480,1398],{"class":76},[43,38482,221],{"id":220},[15,38484,5347],{},[48,38486,38488],{"className":50,"code":38487,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"float(value)\n",[19,38489,38490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38491,38492,38494,38496,38498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38493,259],{"class":990},[57,38495,68],{"class":67},[57,38497,552],{"class":238},[57,38499,242],{"class":67},[15,38501,38502,38503,498],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[19,38504,971],{},[15,38506,38507,38508,38510,38511,972],{},"If you call ",[19,38509,971],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[19,38512,1880],{},[48,38514,38516],{"className":50,"code":38515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float())\n",[19,38517,38518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38519,38520,38522,38524,38526],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38521,64],{"class":63},[57,38523,68],{"class":67},[57,38525,259],{"class":990},[57,38527,5323],{"class":67},[15,38529,131],{},[48,38531,38533],{"className":50,"code":38532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0.0\n",[19,38534,38535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38536,38537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38538,38532],{"class":80},[15,38540,38541],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[48,38543,38545],{"className":50,"code":38544,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[19,38546,38547,38567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38548,38549,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38563,38565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38550,38551],{"class":285},"price ",[57,38553,289],{"class":76},[57,38555,38419],{"class":990},[57,38557,68],{"class":67},[57,38559,939],{"class":938},[57,38561,38562],{"class":942},"19.99",[57,38564,939],{"class":938},[57,38566,242],{"class":67},[57,38568,38569,38571,38573,38575],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38570,64],{"class":63},[57,38572,68],{"class":67},[57,38574,23303],{"class":238},[57,38576,242],{"class":67},[43,38578,38580],{"id":38579},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[15,38582,38583,38585],{},[19,38584,971],{}," can convert several common value types.",[616,38587,38589],{"id":38588},"integers","Integers",[15,38591,38592,38593,38596],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[19,38594,38595],{},".0"," added:",[48,38598,38600],{"className":50,"code":38599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[19,38601,38602,38616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38603,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38605,64],{"class":63},[57,38607,68],{"class":67},[57,38609,259],{"class":990},[57,38611,68],{"class":67},[57,38613,199],{"class":80},[57,38615,84],{"class":67},[57,38617,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38619,64],{"class":63},[57,38621,68],{"class":67},[57,38623,259],{"class":990},[57,38625,68],{"class":67},[57,38627,77],{"class":76},[57,38629,116],{"class":80},[57,38631,84],{"class":67},[15,38633,131],{},[48,38635,38637],{"className":50,"code":38636,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[19,38638,38639,38643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38640,38641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38642,559],{"class":80},[57,38644,38645,38647],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38646,77],{"class":76},[57,38648,38649],{"class":80},"2.0\n",[616,38651,38653],{"id":38652},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[15,38655,38656],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[48,38658,38660],{"className":50,"code":38659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[19,38661,38662,38680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38663,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38665,64],{"class":63},[57,38667,68],{"class":67},[57,38669,259],{"class":990},[57,38671,68],{"class":67},[57,38673,939],{"class":938},[57,38675,38307],{"class":942},[57,38677,939],{"class":938},[57,38679,84],{"class":67},[57,38681,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690,38692,38694,38696],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38683,64],{"class":63},[57,38685,68],{"class":67},[57,38687,259],{"class":990},[57,38689,68],{"class":67},[57,38691,939],{"class":938},[57,38693,407],{"class":942},[57,38695,939],{"class":938},[57,38697,84],{"class":67},[15,38699,131],{},[48,38701,38703],{"className":50,"code":38702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n10.0\n",[19,38704,38705,38709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38706,38707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38708,38341],{"class":80},[57,38710,38711],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38712,38713],{"class":80},"10.0\n",[616,38715,38717],{"id":38716},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[15,38719,38720],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[48,38722,38724],{"className":50,"code":38723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[19,38725,38726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38727,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38741,38743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38729,64],{"class":63},[57,38731,68],{"class":67},[57,38733,259],{"class":990},[57,38735,68],{"class":67},[57,38737,939],{"class":938},[57,38739,38740],{"class":942},"  8.5  ",[57,38742,939],{"class":938},[57,38744,84],{"class":67},[15,38746,131],{},[48,38748,38750],{"className":50,"code":38749,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8.5\n",[19,38751,38752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38753,38754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38755,38749],{"class":80},[616,38757,38759],{"id":38758},"booleans","Booleans",[15,38761,38762],{},"Boolean values also work:",[48,38764,38766],{"className":50,"code":38765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[19,38767,38768,38782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38769,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38771,64],{"class":63},[57,38773,68],{"class":67},[57,38775,259],{"class":990},[57,38777,68],{"class":67},[57,38779,1709],{"class":1965},[57,38781,84],{"class":67},[57,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38785,64],{"class":63},[57,38787,68],{"class":67},[57,38789,259],{"class":990},[57,38791,68],{"class":67},[57,38793,1783],{"class":1965},[57,38795,84],{"class":67},[15,38797,131],{},[48,38799,38801],{"className":50,"code":38800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1.0\n0.0\n",[19,38802,38803,38807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38804,38805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38806,38346],{"class":80},[57,38808,38809],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,38810,38532],{"class":80},[616,38812,38814],{"id":38813},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[15,38816,38817,38818,38820],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[19,38819,971],{}," returns a float version of it:",[48,38822,38824],{"className":50,"code":38823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(4.2))\n",[19,38825,38826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38827,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38829,64],{"class":63},[57,38831,68],{"class":67},[57,38833,259],{"class":990},[57,38835,68],{"class":67},[57,38837,439],{"class":80},[57,38839,84],{"class":67},[15,38841,131],{},[48,38843,38844],{"className":50,"code":463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,38845,38846],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38847,38848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38849,463],{"class":80},[43,38851,38853],{"id":38852},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[15,38855,38856,38857,498],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[19,38858,971],{},[616,38860,38862],{"id":38861},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[15,38864,38865,38866,972],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[19,38867,38868],{},"ValueError",[48,38870,38872],{"className":50,"code":38871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[19,38873,38874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38875,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38877,64],{"class":63},[57,38879,68],{"class":67},[57,38881,259],{"class":990},[57,38883,68],{"class":67},[57,38885,939],{"class":938},[57,38887,1958],{"class":942},[57,38889,939],{"class":938},[57,38891,84],{"class":67},[15,38893,27836],{},[48,38895,38897],{"className":50,"code":38896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[19,38898,38899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38900,38901,38903,38905,38908,38910,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38902,38868],{"class":990},[57,38904,972],{"class":67},[57,38906,38907],{"class":285}," could ",[57,38909,2750],{"class":76},[57,38911,38912],{"class":285}," convert string to ",[57,38914,259],{"class":990},[57,38916,972],{"class":67},[57,38918,1390],{"class":938},[57,38920,1958],{"class":942},[57,38922,27855],{"class":938},[15,38924,38925],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[48,38927,38929],{"className":50,"code":38928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[19,38930,38931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38932,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38934,64],{"class":63},[57,38936,68],{"class":67},[57,38938,259],{"class":990},[57,38940,68],{"class":67},[57,38942,4398],{"class":938},[57,38944,84],{"class":67},[616,38946,38948],{"id":38947},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[15,38950,38951],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[48,38953,38955],{"className":50,"code":38954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[19,38956,38957],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38958,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38960,64],{"class":63},[57,38962,68],{"class":67},[57,38964,259],{"class":990},[57,38966,1075],{"class":67},[57,38968,1078],{"class":80},[57,38970,1081],{"class":67},[57,38972,1084],{"class":80},[57,38974,1081],{"class":67},[57,38976,530],{"class":80},[57,38978,1091],{"class":67},[15,38980,27836],{},[48,38982,38984],{"className":50,"code":38983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[19,38985,38986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38987,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38999,39002,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38989,1097],{"class":990},[57,38991,972],{"class":67},[57,38993,38419],{"class":990},[57,38995,5495],{"class":67},[57,38997,38998],{"class":285}," argument must be a string ",[57,39000,39001],{"class":76},"or",[57,39003,39004],{"class":285}," a real number",[57,39006,1081],{"class":67},[57,39008,6232],{"class":76},[57,39010,1390],{"class":938},[57,39012,6226],{"class":942},[57,39014,27855],{"class":938},[616,39016,39018],{"id":39017},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[15,39020,39021],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[48,39023,39025],{"className":50,"code":39024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[19,39026,39027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39028,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39042,39044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39030,64],{"class":63},[57,39032,68],{"class":67},[57,39034,259],{"class":990},[57,39036,68],{"class":67},[57,39038,939],{"class":938},[57,39040,39041],{"class":942},"3,14",[57,39043,939],{"class":938},[57,39045,84],{"class":67},[15,39047,1094,39048,498],{},[19,39049,38868],{},[15,39051,39052,39053,2511,39057,498],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[373,39054,39056],{"href":39055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[373,39058,39060],{"href":39059},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[43,39062,15568],{"id":15567},[15,39064,39065,39067],{},[19,39066,971],{}," returns a new float value.",[15,39069,39070,39071,39073],{},"It does ",[1854,39072,2750],{}," change the original value in place.",[15,39075,275],{},[48,39077,39079],{"className":50,"code":39078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[19,39080,39081,39094,39108,39112,39122,39132,39146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39082,39083,39085,39087,39089,39092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39084,32846],{"class":285},[57,39086,289],{"class":76},[57,39088,1449],{"class":938},[57,39090,39091],{"class":942},"6.5",[57,39093,1455],{"class":938},[57,39095,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39097,286],{"class":285},[57,39099,289],{"class":76},[57,39101,38419],{"class":990},[57,39103,68],{"class":67},[57,39105,32867],{"class":238},[57,39107,242],{"class":67},[57,39109,39110],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39111,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39113,39114,39116,39118,39120],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39115,64],{"class":63},[57,39117,68],{"class":67},[57,39119,32867],{"class":238},[57,39121,242],{"class":67},[57,39123,39124,39126,39128,39130],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,39125,64],{"class":63},[57,39127,68],{"class":67},[57,39129,310],{"class":238},[57,39131,242],{"class":67},[57,39133,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,39135,64],{"class":63},[57,39137,68],{"class":67},[57,39139,1315],{"class":990},[57,39141,68],{"class":67},[57,39143,32867],{"class":238},[57,39145,84],{"class":67},[57,39147,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,39149,64],{"class":63},[57,39151,68],{"class":67},[57,39153,1315],{"class":990},[57,39155,68],{"class":67},[57,39157,310],{"class":238},[57,39159,84],{"class":67},[15,39161,131],{},[48,39163,39165],{"className":50,"code":39164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[19,39166,39167,39172,39176,39190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39168,39169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39170,39171],{"class":80},"6.5\n",[57,39173,39174],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39175,39171],{"class":80},[57,39177,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39179,1384],{"class":76},[57,39181,1387],{"class":125},[57,39183,1390],{"class":938},[57,39185,1541],{"class":942},[57,39187,1395],{"class":938},[57,39189,1398],{"class":76},[57,39191,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39193,1384],{"class":76},[57,39195,1387],{"class":125},[57,39197,1390],{"class":938},[57,39199,259],{"class":942},[57,39201,1395],{"class":938},[57,39203,1398],{"class":76},[15,39205,39206],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[43,39208,39210],{"id":39209},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[616,39212,39214,39215,39217],{"id":39213},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[19,39216,1047],{}," text into a decimal number",[15,39219,17,39220,39224,39225,498],{},[373,39221,39222,379],{"href":6352},[19,39223,1047],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[19,39226,971],{},[48,39228,39230],{"className":50,"code":39229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[19,39231,39232,39251,39265,39269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39233,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39247,39249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39235,6370],{"class":285},[57,39237,289],{"class":76},[57,39239,6375],{"class":63},[57,39241,68],{"class":67},[57,39243,939],{"class":938},[57,39245,39246],{"class":942},"Enter a price: ",[57,39248,939],{"class":938},[57,39250,242],{"class":67},[57,39252,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39254,38551],{"class":285},[57,39256,289],{"class":76},[57,39258,38419],{"class":990},[57,39260,68],{"class":67},[57,39262,6399],{"class":238},[57,39264,242],{"class":67},[57,39266,39267],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39268,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39270,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39272,64],{"class":63},[57,39274,68],{"class":67},[57,39276,38551],{"class":238},[57,39278,38036],{"class":76},[57,39280,1084],{"class":80},[57,39282,242],{"class":67},[15,39284,39285,39286,39289],{},"If the user enters ",[19,39287,39288],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[48,39291,39293],{"className":50,"code":39292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"9.0\n",[19,39294,39295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39296,39297],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39298,39292],{"class":80},[15,39300,39301,39302,498],{},"For more help with this, see ",[373,39303,7117],{"href":7116},[616,39305,39307],{"id":39306},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[48,39309,39311],{"className":50,"code":39310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[19,39312,39313,39326,39339,39343,39368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39314,39315,39317,39319,39321,39324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39316,636],{"class":285},[57,39318,289],{"class":76},[57,39320,1449],{"class":938},[57,39322,39323],{"class":942},"2.5",[57,39325,1455],{"class":938},[57,39327,39328,39330,39332,39334,39337],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39329,664],{"class":285},[57,39331,289],{"class":76},[57,39333,1449],{"class":938},[57,39335,39336],{"class":942},"1.5",[57,39338,1455],{"class":938},[57,39340,39341],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39342,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39344,39345,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39346,39347],{"class":285},"total ",[57,39349,289],{"class":76},[57,39351,38419],{"class":990},[57,39353,68],{"class":67},[57,39355,373],{"class":238},[57,39357,1769],{"class":67},[57,39359,533],{"class":76},[57,39361,38419],{"class":990},[57,39363,68],{"class":67},[57,39365,2881],{"class":238},[57,39367,242],{"class":67},[57,39369,39370,39372,39374,39377],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,39371,64],{"class":63},[57,39373,68],{"class":67},[57,39375,39376],{"class":238},"total",[57,39378,242],{"class":67},[15,39380,131],{},[48,39382,39384],{"className":50,"code":39383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.0\n",[19,39385,39386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39387,39388],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39389,39383],{"class":80},[616,39391,39393],{"id":39392},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[15,39395,39396],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[48,39398,39400],{"className":50,"code":39399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,39401,39402,39412,39427,39431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39403,39404,39407,39409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39405,39406],{"class":285},"count ",[57,39408,289],{"class":76},[57,39410,39411],{"class":80}," 7\n",[57,39413,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39425],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39415,300],{"class":285},[57,39417,289],{"class":76},[57,39419,38419],{"class":990},[57,39421,68],{"class":67},[57,39423,39424],{"class":238},"count",[57,39426,242],{"class":67},[57,39428,39429],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39430,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39432,39433,39435,39437,39439],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39434,64],{"class":63},[57,39436,68],{"class":67},[57,39438,339],{"class":238},[57,39440,242],{"class":67},[15,39442,131],{},[48,39444,39446],{"className":50,"code":39445,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.0\n",[19,39447,39448],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39449,39450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39451,39445],{"class":80},[616,39453,39455],{"id":39454},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[15,39457,39458,39459,39461],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[19,39460,971],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[48,39463,39465],{"className":50,"code":39464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[19,39466,39467,39481,39497,39501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39468,39469,39472,39474,39476,39479],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39470,39471],{"class":285},"temperature_text ",[57,39473,289],{"class":76},[57,39475,1449],{"class":938},[57,39477,39478],{"class":942},"21.8",[57,39480,1455],{"class":938},[57,39482,39483,39486,39488,39490,39492,39495],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39484,39485],{"class":285},"temperature ",[57,39487,289],{"class":76},[57,39489,38419],{"class":990},[57,39491,68],{"class":67},[57,39493,39494],{"class":238},"temperature_text",[57,39496,242],{"class":67},[57,39498,39499],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39500,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39502,39503,39505,39507,39510],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39504,64],{"class":63},[57,39506,68],{"class":67},[57,39508,39509],{"class":238},"temperature",[57,39511,242],{"class":67},[43,39513,39515],{"id":39514},"special-values","Special values",[15,39517,39518,39520],{},[19,39519,971],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[616,39522,39524],{"id":39523},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[48,39526,39528],{"className":50,"code":39527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[19,39529,39530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39531,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39545,39547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39533,64],{"class":63},[57,39535,68],{"class":67},[57,39537,259],{"class":990},[57,39539,68],{"class":67},[57,39541,939],{"class":938},[57,39543,39544],{"class":942},"inf",[57,39546,939],{"class":938},[57,39548,84],{"class":67},[15,39550,131],{},[48,39552,39554],{"className":50,"code":39553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"inf\n",[19,39555,39556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39557,39558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39559,39553],{"class":285},[616,39561,39563],{"id":39562},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[48,39565,39567],{"className":50,"code":39566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[19,39568,39569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39570,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39584,39586],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39572,64],{"class":63},[57,39574,68],{"class":67},[57,39576,259],{"class":990},[57,39578,68],{"class":67},[57,39580,939],{"class":938},[57,39582,39583],{"class":942},"-inf",[57,39585,939],{"class":938},[57,39587,84],{"class":67},[15,39589,131],{},[48,39591,39593],{"className":50,"code":39592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-inf\n",[19,39594,39595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39596,39597,39599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39598,77],{"class":76},[57,39600,39553],{"class":285},[616,39602,39604],{"id":39603},"not-a-number","Not a number",[48,39606,39608],{"className":50,"code":39607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[19,39609,39610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39611,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39625,39627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39613,64],{"class":63},[57,39615,68],{"class":67},[57,39617,259],{"class":990},[57,39619,68],{"class":67},[57,39621,939],{"class":938},[57,39623,39624],{"class":942},"nan",[57,39626,939],{"class":938},[57,39628,84],{"class":67},[15,39630,131],{},[48,39632,39634],{"className":50,"code":39633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nan\n",[19,39635,39636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39637,39638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39639,39633],{"class":285},[15,39641,39642],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[27,39644,39645,39650,39655],{},[30,39646,39647,39649],{},[19,39648,39544],{}," means positive infinity",[30,39651,39652,39654],{},[19,39653,39583],{}," means negative infinity",[30,39656,39657,39659],{},[19,39658,39624],{}," means “not a number”",[15,39661,39662,39663,39665],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[19,39664,971],{}," accepts them.",[43,39667,39669],{"id":39668},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[15,39671,39672,39673,39675],{},"The most common problems with ",[19,39674,971],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[616,39677,38868],{"id":39678},"valueerror",[15,39680,13336,39681,39683],{},[19,39682,38868],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[15,39685,39686],{},"Common causes:",[27,39688,39689,39695,39698,39701],{},[30,39690,39691,39692],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[19,39693,39694],{},"\"abc\"",[30,39696,39697],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[30,39699,39700],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[30,39702,2824,39703],{},[373,39704,39705,39707],{"href":6352},[19,39706,1047],{}," returns a string",[15,39709,275],{},[48,39711,39713],{"className":50,"code":39712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[19,39714,39715,39728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39716,39717,39719,39721,39723,39726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39718,525],{"class":285},[57,39720,289],{"class":76},[57,39722,1449],{"class":938},[57,39724,39725],{"class":942},"abc",[57,39727,1455],{"class":938},[57,39729,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39731,64],{"class":63},[57,39733,68],{"class":67},[57,39735,259],{"class":990},[57,39737,68],{"class":67},[57,39739,552],{"class":238},[57,39741,84],{"class":67},[616,39743,1097],{"id":39744},"typeerror",[15,39746,13336,39747,39749],{},[19,39748,1097],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[15,39751,39686],{},[27,39753,39754,39757,39760],{},[30,39755,39756],{},"Passing a list",[30,39758,39759],{},"Passing a dictionary",[30,39761,39762],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[15,39764,275],{},[48,39766,39768],{"className":50,"code":39767,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[19,39769,39770,39795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39771,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39791,39793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39773,525],{"class":285},[57,39775,289],{"class":76},[57,39777,8629],{"class":67},[57,39779,939],{"class":938},[57,39781,23303],{"class":942},[57,39783,939],{"class":938},[57,39785,972],{"class":67},[57,39787,1449],{"class":938},[57,39789,39790],{"class":942},"9.99",[57,39792,939],{"class":938},[57,39794,7446],{"class":67},[57,39796,39797,39799,39801,39803,39805,39807],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39798,64],{"class":63},[57,39800,68],{"class":67},[57,39802,259],{"class":990},[57,39804,68],{"class":67},[57,39806,552],{"class":238},[57,39808,84],{"class":67},[616,39810,39812],{"id":39811},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[15,39814,39815,39816,39819],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[19,39817,39818],{},"strip()"," can help:",[48,39821,39823],{"className":50,"code":39822,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[19,39824,39825,39838,39853,39857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39826,39827,39829,39831,39833,39836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39828,525],{"class":285},[57,39830,289],{"class":76},[57,39832,1449],{"class":938},[57,39834,39835],{"class":942},"  7.25  ",[57,39837,1455],{"class":938},[57,39839,39840,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39841,39842],{"class":285},"clean_value ",[57,39844,289],{"class":76},[57,39846,6567],{"class":285},[57,39848,498],{"class":67},[57,39850,6769],{"class":238},[57,39852,6778],{"class":67},[57,39854,39855],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39856,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39858,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867,39870],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39860,64],{"class":63},[57,39862,68],{"class":67},[57,39864,259],{"class":990},[57,39866,68],{"class":67},[57,39868,39869],{"class":238},"clean_value",[57,39871,84],{"class":67},[15,39873,131],{},[48,39875,39877],{"className":50,"code":39876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.25\n",[19,39878,39879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39880,39881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39882,39876],{"class":80},[616,39884,39886],{"id":39885},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[15,39888,39889],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[48,39891,39893],{"className":50,"code":39892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[19,39894,39895,39908,39912,39922,39936,39951,39955,39969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39896,39897,39899,39901,39903,39906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39898,525],{"class":285},[57,39900,289],{"class":76},[57,39902,1449],{"class":938},[57,39904,39905],{"class":942}," 3.5 ",[57,39907,1455],{"class":938},[57,39909,39910],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,39911,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39913,39914,39916,39918,39920],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,39915,64],{"class":63},[57,39917,68],{"class":67},[57,39919,552],{"class":238},[57,39921,242],{"class":67},[57,39923,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,39925,64],{"class":63},[57,39927,68],{"class":67},[57,39929,1315],{"class":990},[57,39931,68],{"class":67},[57,39933,552],{"class":238},[57,39935,84],{"class":67},[57,39937,39938,39940,39942,39945,39947,39949],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,39939,64],{"class":63},[57,39941,68],{"class":67},[57,39943,39944],{"class":63},"repr",[57,39946,68],{"class":67},[57,39948,552],{"class":238},[57,39950,84],{"class":67},[57,39952,39953],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,39954,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,39956,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,39958,39842],{"class":285},[57,39960,289],{"class":76},[57,39962,6567],{"class":285},[57,39964,498],{"class":67},[57,39966,6769],{"class":238},[57,39968,6778],{"class":67},[57,39970,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,39972,64],{"class":63},[57,39974,68],{"class":67},[57,39976,259],{"class":990},[57,39978,68],{"class":67},[57,39980,39869],{"class":238},[57,39982,84],{"class":67},[15,39984,39985],{},"Why this helps:",[27,39987,39988,39994,39999,40005],{},[30,39989,39990,39993],{},[19,39991,39992],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[30,39995,39996,19519],{},[19,39997,39998],{},"print(type(value))",[30,40000,40001,40004],{},[19,40002,40003],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[30,40006,40007,40009],{},[19,40008,39818],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[616,40011,40013],{"id":40012},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[15,40015,40016],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[48,40018,40020],{"className":50,"code":40019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[19,40021,40022,40041,40045,40051,40066,40085,40094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40023,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032,40034,40037,40039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40025,525],{"class":285},[57,40027,289],{"class":76},[57,40029,6375],{"class":63},[57,40031,68],{"class":67},[57,40033,939],{"class":938},[57,40035,40036],{"class":942},"Enter a number: ",[57,40038,939],{"class":938},[57,40040,242],{"class":67},[57,40042,40043],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,40044,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,40046,40047,40049],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,40048,27959],{"class":1990},[57,40050,4520],{"class":67},[57,40052,40053,40056,40058,40060,40062,40064],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,40054,40055],{"class":285},"    number ",[57,40057,289],{"class":76},[57,40059,38419],{"class":990},[57,40061,68],{"class":67},[57,40063,552],{"class":238},[57,40065,242],{"class":67},[57,40067,40068,40070,40072,40074,40077,40079,40081,40083],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,40069,6201],{"class":63},[57,40071,68],{"class":67},[57,40073,939],{"class":938},[57,40075,40076],{"class":942},"Converted:",[57,40078,939],{"class":938},[57,40080,1081],{"class":67},[57,40082,264],{"class":238},[57,40084,242],{"class":67},[57,40086,40087,40089,40092],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,40088,27990],{"class":1990},[57,40090,40091],{"class":990}," ValueError",[57,40093,4520],{"class":67},[57,40095,40096,40098,40100,40102,40105,40107],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,40097,6201],{"class":63},[57,40099,68],{"class":67},[57,40101,939],{"class":938},[57,40103,40104],{"class":942},"That is not a valid number.",[57,40106,939],{"class":938},[57,40108,242],{"class":67},[15,40110,40111,40112,498],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[373,40113,39060],{"href":39059},[43,40115,40117],{"id":40116},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[15,40119,8729,40120,2511,40122,40124],{},[19,40121,971],{},[19,40123,964],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[15,40126,40127,40129],{},[19,40128,971],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[48,40131,40133],{"className":50,"code":40132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[19,40134,40135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40136,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145,40147,40150,40152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40138,64],{"class":63},[57,40140,68],{"class":67},[57,40142,259],{"class":990},[57,40144,68],{"class":67},[57,40146,939],{"class":938},[57,40148,40149],{"class":942},"3.9",[57,40151,939],{"class":938},[57,40153,84],{"class":67},[15,40155,131],{},[48,40157,40159],{"className":50,"code":40158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.9\n",[19,40160,40161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40162,40163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40164,40158],{"class":80},[15,40166,40167,40169],{},[19,40168,964],{}," creates whole numbers:",[48,40171,40173],{"className":50,"code":40172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[19,40174,40175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40176,40177,40179,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189,40191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40178,64],{"class":63},[57,40180,68],{"class":67},[57,40182,255],{"class":990},[57,40184,68],{"class":67},[57,40186,939],{"class":938},[57,40188,407],{"class":942},[57,40190,939],{"class":938},[57,40192,84],{"class":67},[15,40194,131],{},[48,40196,40197],{"className":50,"code":453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,40198,40199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40200,40201],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40202,453],{"class":80},[15,40204,40205,40206,40209],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[19,40207,40208],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[48,40211,40213],{"className":50,"code":40212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[19,40214,40215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40216,40217,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40218,64],{"class":63},[57,40220,68],{"class":67},[57,40222,255],{"class":990},[57,40224,68],{"class":67},[57,40226,939],{"class":938},[57,40228,40149],{"class":942},[57,40230,939],{"class":938},[57,40232,84],{"class":67},[15,40234,1094,40235,6736,40237,40240],{},[19,40236,38868],{},[19,40238,40239],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[15,40242,8852],{},[27,40244,40245,40251],{},[30,40246,40247,40250],{},[19,40248,40249],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[30,40252,40253,40255],{},[19,40254,40208],{}," fails",[15,40257,40258,40259,40262,40263,40265],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[373,40260,40261],{"href":961},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[373,40264,497],{"href":496}," helpful.",[43,40267,1554],{"id":1553},[616,40269,40271],{"id":40270},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[15,40273,40274,40275,965,40277,498],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[19,40276,571],{},[19,40278,38307],{},[616,40280,40282],{"id":40281},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[15,40284,40285,40286,965,40289,498],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[19,40287,40288],{},"\"2.5\"",[19,40290,40291],{},"\"10\"",[616,40293,40295],{"id":40294},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[15,40297,27216,40298,40300,40301,498],{},[19,40299,39694],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[19,40302,38868],{},[616,40304,40306],{"id":40305},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[15,40308,3270,40309,498],{},[19,40310,1880],{},[616,40312,40314],{"id":40313},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[15,40316,40317,40318,40320,40321,2511,40324,40320,40326,498],{},"Yes. ",[19,40319,1709],{}," becomes ",[19,40322,40323],{},"1.0",[19,40325,1783],{},[19,40327,1880],{},[43,40329,1602],{"id":1601},[27,40331,40332,40336,40342,40347,40351,40355],{},[30,40333,40334],{},[373,40335,40261],{"href":961},[30,40337,40338],{},[373,40339,40341],{"href":40340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[30,40343,40344],{},[373,40345,40346],{"href":39055},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[30,40348,40349],{},[373,40350,7194],{"href":7116},[30,40352,40353],{},[373,40354,39060],{"href":39059},[30,40356,40357],{},[373,40358,40359],{"href":6352},"Python input() Function Explained",[1634,40361,40362],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":40364},[40365,40366,40367,40368,40375,40380,40381,40388,40393,40400,40401,40408],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":38354,"depth":87,"text":38355},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":38579,"depth":87,"text":38580,"children":40369},[40370,40371,40372,40373,40374],{"id":38588,"depth":103,"text":38589},{"id":38652,"depth":103,"text":38653},{"id":38716,"depth":103,"text":38717},{"id":38758,"depth":103,"text":38759},{"id":38813,"depth":103,"text":38814},{"id":38852,"depth":87,"text":38853,"children":40376},[40377,40378,40379],{"id":38861,"depth":103,"text":38862},{"id":38947,"depth":103,"text":38948},{"id":39017,"depth":103,"text":39018},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":39209,"depth":87,"text":39210,"children":40382},[40383,40385,40386,40387],{"id":39213,"depth":103,"text":40384},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":39306,"depth":103,"text":39307},{"id":39392,"depth":103,"text":39393},{"id":39454,"depth":103,"text":39455},{"id":39514,"depth":87,"text":39515,"children":40389},[40390,40391,40392],{"id":39523,"depth":103,"text":39524},{"id":39562,"depth":103,"text":39563},{"id":39603,"depth":103,"text":39604},{"id":39668,"depth":87,"text":39669,"children":40394},[40395,40396,40397,40398,40399],{"id":39678,"depth":103,"text":38868},{"id":39744,"depth":103,"text":1097},{"id":39811,"depth":103,"text":39812},{"id":39885,"depth":103,"text":39886},{"id":40012,"depth":103,"text":40013},{"id":40116,"depth":87,"text":40117},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":40402},[40403,40404,40405,40406,40407],{"id":40270,"depth":103,"text":40271},{"id":40281,"depth":103,"text":40282},{"id":40294,"depth":103,"text":40295},{"id":40305,"depth":103,"text":40306},{"id":40313,"depth":103,"text":40314},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":38255,"description":40409},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":40416,"title":40417,"body":40418,"description":41639,"extension":1666,"meta":41640,"navigation":317,"path":33183,"seo":41641,"stem":41642,"__hash__":41643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":40419,"toc":41605},[40420,40423,40428,40431,40433,40472,40486,40490,40495,40498,40515,40518,40528,40543,40546,40548,40551,40567,40570,40573,40593,40597,40608,40611,40615,40619,40633,40668,40672,40683,40718,40721,40723,40731,40764,40780,40782,40792,40813,40824,40826,40831,40834,40848,40850,40869,40872,40885,40888,40892,40896,40910,40913,40931,40934,40949,40953,40958,40972,40978,40980,41037,41039,41072,41075,41091,41095,41102,41106,41111,41114,41125,41129,41134,41149,41158,41163,41182,41185,41197,41199,41204,41214,41217,41246,41251,41260,41264,41269,41272,41276,41281,41283,41313,41316,41323,41328,41333,41337,41340,41348,41351,41429,41432,41454,41456,41460,41463,41467,41473,41536,41540,41548,41552,41555,41557,41582,41602],[11,40421,40417],{"id":40422},"python-help-function-explained",[15,40424,1687,40425,40427],{},[19,40426,33186],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[15,40429,40430],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[43,40432,46],{"id":45},[48,40434,40436],{"className":50,"code":40435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[19,40437,40438,40448,40458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40439,40440,40442,40444,40446],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40441,30309],{"class":63},[57,40443,68],{"class":67},[57,40445,9302],{"class":63},[57,40447,242],{"class":67},[57,40449,40450,40452,40454,40456],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,40451,30309],{"class":63},[57,40453,68],{"class":67},[57,40455,1541],{"class":990},[57,40457,242],{"class":67},[57,40459,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,40461,30309],{"class":63},[57,40463,68],{"class":67},[57,40465,1395],{"class":938},[57,40467,32817],{"class":942},[57,40469,1395],{"class":938},[57,40471,242],{"class":67},[15,40473,154,40474,40476,40477,965,40479,40481,40482,40485],{},[19,40475,33186],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[19,40478,9302],{},[19,40480,1541],{},", or use a string such as ",[19,40483,40484],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[43,40487,40489],{"id":40488},"what-help-does","What help() does",[15,40491,40492,40494],{},[19,40493,33186],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[15,40496,40497],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[27,40499,40500,40503,40506,40509,40512],{},[30,40501,40502],{},"Functions",[30,40504,40505],{},"Classes",[30,40507,40508],{},"Methods",[30,40510,40511],{},"Modules",[30,40513,40514],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[15,40516,40517],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[15,40519,40520,40521,40527],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[373,40522,40524],{"href":40523},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[19,40525,40526],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[48,40529,40531],{"className":50,"code":40530,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\n",[19,40532,40533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40534,40535,40537,40539,40541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40536,30309],{"class":63},[57,40538,68],{"class":67},[57,40540,9302],{"class":63},[57,40542,242],{"class":67},[15,40544,40545],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[43,40547,221],{"id":220},[15,40549,40550],{},"The main form is:",[48,40552,40554],{"className":50,"code":40553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(object)\n",[19,40555,40556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40557,40558,40560,40562,40565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40559,30309],{"class":63},[57,40561,68],{"class":67},[57,40563,40564],{"class":990},"object",[57,40566,242],{"class":67},[15,40568,40569],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[15,40571,40572],{},"Common examples include:",[27,40574,40575,40579,40584,40588],{},[30,40576,40577],{},[19,40578,9302],{},[30,40580,40581],{},[19,40582,40583],{},"list.append",[30,40585,40586],{},[19,40587,1541],{},[30,40589,40590],{},[19,40591,40592],{},"open",[15,40594,5304,40595,5307],{},[19,40596,33186],{},[48,40598,40600],{"className":50,"code":40599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help()\n",[19,40601,40602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40603,40604,40606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40605,30309],{"class":63},[57,40607,6778],{"class":67},[15,40609,40610],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[43,40612,40614],{"id":40613},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[616,40616,40618],{"id":40617},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[15,40620,40621,40622,256,40624,256,40626,15221,40629,498],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[19,40623,9302],{},[19,40625,64],{},[19,40627,40628],{},"input",[373,40630,40631],{"href":375},[19,40632,378],{},[48,40634,40636],{"className":50,"code":40635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[19,40637,40638,40648,40658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40639,40640,40642,40644,40646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40641,30309],{"class":63},[57,40643,68],{"class":67},[57,40645,64],{"class":63},[57,40647,242],{"class":67},[57,40649,40650,40652,40654,40656],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,40651,30309],{"class":63},[57,40653,68],{"class":67},[57,40655,40628],{"class":63},[57,40657,242],{"class":67},[57,40659,40660,40662,40664,40666],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,40661,30309],{"class":63},[57,40663,68],{"class":67},[57,40665,1315],{"class":990},[57,40667,242],{"class":67},[616,40669,40671],{"id":40670},"data-types","Data types",[15,40673,40674,40675,256,40677,256,40679,15221,40681,498],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[19,40676,1541],{},[19,40678,6226],{},[19,40680,6957],{},[19,40682,4413],{},[48,40684,40686],{"className":50,"code":40685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[19,40687,40688,40698,40708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40689,40690,40692,40694,40696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40691,30309],{"class":63},[57,40693,68],{"class":67},[57,40695,1541],{"class":990},[57,40697,242],{"class":67},[57,40699,40700,40702,40704,40706],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,40701,30309],{"class":63},[57,40703,68],{"class":67},[57,40705,6226],{"class":990},[57,40707,242],{"class":67},[57,40709,40710,40712,40714,40716],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,40711,30309],{"class":63},[57,40713,68],{"class":67},[57,40715,6957],{"class":990},[57,40717,242],{"class":67},[15,40719,40720],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[616,40722,40508],{"id":32664},[15,40724,40725,40726,2511,40729,498],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[19,40727,40728],{},"str.split",[19,40730,40583],{},[48,40732,40734],{"className":50,"code":40733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[19,40735,40736,40750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40737,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40739,30309],{"class":63},[57,40741,68],{"class":67},[57,40743,1541],{"class":990},[57,40745,498],{"class":67},[57,40747,32627],{"class":22903},[57,40749,242],{"class":67},[57,40751,40752,40754,40756,40758,40760,40762],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,40753,30309],{"class":63},[57,40755,68],{"class":67},[57,40757,6226],{"class":990},[57,40759,498],{"class":67},[57,40761,11699],{"class":22903},[57,40763,242],{"class":67},[15,40765,40766,40767,6840,40769,26468,40774,40776,40777,40779],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[19,40768,33186],{},[373,40770,40772],{"href":40771},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[19,40773,32469],{},[19,40775,32469],{}," shows available names, while ",[19,40778,33186],{}," explains one of them.",[616,40781,40511],{"id":32817},[15,40783,40784,40785,256,40787,15221,40789,498],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[19,40786,16567],{},[19,40788,33349],{},[19,40790,40791],{},"os",[48,40793,40795],{"className":50,"code":40794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[19,40796,40797,40803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40798,40799,40801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40800,33250],{"class":1990},[57,40802,33253],{"class":285},[57,40804,40805,40807,40809,40811],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,40806,30309],{"class":63},[57,40808,68],{"class":67},[57,40810,16567],{"class":238},[57,40812,242],{"class":67},[15,40814,40815,40816,40820,40821,498],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[373,40817,40819],{"href":40818},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[373,40822,33316],{"href":40823},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[43,40825,33077],{"id":33076},[15,40827,40828,40830],{},[19,40829,33186],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[15,40832,40833],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[27,40835,40836,40839,40842,40845],{},[30,40837,40838],{},"The function signature",[30,40840,40841],{},"The short description",[30,40843,40844],{},"Parameter names",[30,40846,40847],{},"Return value details, when shown",[15,40849,3596],{},[48,40851,40853],{"className":50,"code":40852,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\n",[19,40854,40855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40856,40857,40859,40861,40863,40865,40867],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40858,30309],{"class":63},[57,40860,68],{"class":67},[57,40862,1541],{"class":990},[57,40864,498],{"class":67},[57,40866,32627],{"class":22903},[57,40868,242],{"class":67},[15,40870,40871],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[27,40873,40874,40877,40880,40882],{},[30,40875,40876],{},"What object this is",[30,40878,40879],{},"What arguments it accepts",[30,40881,20122],{},[30,40883,40884],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[15,40886,40887],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[43,40889,40891],{"id":40890},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[15,40893,40894,28029],{},[19,40895,33186],{},[27,40897,40898,40901,40904,40907],{},[30,40899,40900],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[30,40902,40903],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[30,40905,40906],{},"You are exploring a new module",[30,40908,40909],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[15,40911,40912],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[48,40914,40915],{"className":50,"code":40852,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,40916,40917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40918,40919,40921,40923,40925,40927,40929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40920,30309],{"class":63},[57,40922,68],{"class":67},[57,40924,1541],{"class":990},[57,40926,498],{"class":67},[57,40928,32627],{"class":22903},[57,40930,242],{"class":67},[15,40932,40933],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[48,40935,40937],{"className":50,"code":40936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(open)\n",[19,40938,40939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40940,40941,40943,40945,40947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40942,30309],{"class":63},[57,40944,68],{"class":67},[57,40946,40592],{"class":63},[57,40948,242],{"class":67},[43,40950,40952],{"id":40951},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[15,40954,40955,40957],{},[19,40956,33186],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[27,40959,40960,40963,40966,40969],{},[30,40961,40962],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[30,40964,40965],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[30,40967,40968],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[30,40970,40971],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[15,40973,40974,40975,40977],{},"So, ",[19,40976,33186],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[15,40979,3596],{},[48,40981,40983],{"className":50,"code":40982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[19,40984,40985,40998,41022,41026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40986,40987,40989,40991,40993,40996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40988,32846],{"class":285},[57,40990,289],{"class":76},[57,40992,1449],{"class":938},[57,40994,40995],{"class":942},"a,b,c",[57,40997,1455],{"class":938},[57,40999,41000,41003,41005,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016,41018,41020],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41001,41002],{"class":285},"parts ",[57,41004,289],{"class":76},[57,41006,41007],{"class":285}," text",[57,41009,498],{"class":67},[57,41011,32627],{"class":238},[57,41013,68],{"class":67},[57,41015,939],{"class":938},[57,41017,1081],{"class":942},[57,41019,939],{"class":938},[57,41021,242],{"class":67},[57,41023,41024],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,41025,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,41027,41028,41030,41032,41035],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,41029,64],{"class":63},[57,41031,68],{"class":67},[57,41033,41034],{"class":238},"parts",[57,41036,242],{"class":67},[15,41038,3684],{},[48,41040,41042],{"className":50,"code":41041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[19,41043,41044],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41045,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054,41056,41058,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068,41070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41047,2015],{"class":67},[57,41049,1395],{"class":938},[57,41051,373],{"class":942},[57,41053,1395],{"class":938},[57,41055,1081],{"class":67},[57,41057,1390],{"class":938},[57,41059,2881],{"class":942},[57,41061,1395],{"class":938},[57,41063,1081],{"class":67},[57,41065,1390],{"class":938},[57,41067,7877],{"class":942},[57,41069,1395],{"class":938},[57,41071,1742],{"class":67},[15,41073,41074],{},"A good workflow is:",[26868,41076,41077,41082,41085,41088],{},[30,41078,154,41079,41081],{},[19,41080,33186],{}," to inspect something",[30,41083,41084],{},"Write a tiny example",[30,41086,41087],{},"Check the result",[30,41089,41090],{},"Repeat",[43,41092,41094],{"id":41093},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[15,41096,41097,2511,41099,41101],{},[19,41098,33186],{},[19,41100,32469],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[616,41103,41104],{"id":30309},[19,41105,33186],{},[15,41107,154,41108,41110],{},[19,41109,33186],{}," when you want an explanation.",[15,41112,41113],{},"It tells you:",[27,41115,41116,41119,41122],{},[30,41117,41118],{},"What something is",[30,41120,41121],{},"How to use it",[30,41123,41124],{},"What parameters it accepts",[616,41126,41127],{"id":32530},[19,41128,32469],{},[15,41130,154,41131,41133],{},[19,41132,32469],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[48,41135,41137],{"className":50,"code":41136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dir(str)\n",[19,41138,41139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41140,41141,41143,41145,41147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41142,32530],{"class":63},[57,41144,68],{"class":67},[57,41146,1541],{"class":990},[57,41148,242],{"class":67},[15,41150,41151,41152,256,41154,15221,41156,498],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[19,41153,32627],{},[19,41155,6769],{},[19,41157,6775],{},[15,41159,41160,41161,972],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[19,41162,33186],{},[48,41164,41166],{"className":50,"code":41165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.lower)\n",[19,41167,41168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41169,41170,41172,41174,41176,41178,41180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41171,30309],{"class":63},[57,41173,68],{"class":67},[57,41175,1541],{"class":990},[57,41177,498],{"class":67},[57,41179,6775],{"class":22903},[57,41181,242],{"class":67},[15,41183,41184],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[27,41186,41187,41192],{},[30,41188,154,41189,41191],{},[19,41190,32469],{}," to discover options",[30,41193,154,41194,41196],{},[19,41195,33186],{}," to understand one option",[43,41198,913],{"id":912},[15,41200,41201,41202,498],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[19,41203,33186],{},[616,41205,6551,41207,41210,41211],{"id":41206},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[19,41208,41209],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[19,41212,41213],{},"help(len)",[15,41215,41216],{},"These are not always the same.",[48,41218,41220],{"className":50,"code":41219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[19,41221,41222,41232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41223,41224,41226,41228,41230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41225,30309],{"class":63},[57,41227,68],{"class":67},[57,41229,9302],{"class":63},[57,41231,242],{"class":67},[57,41233,41234,41236,41238,41240,41242,41244],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41235,30309],{"class":63},[57,41237,68],{"class":67},[57,41239,1395],{"class":938},[57,41241,9302],{"class":942},[57,41243,1395],{"class":938},[57,41245,242],{"class":67},[15,41247,41248,41250],{},[19,41249,41213],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[15,41252,41253,41255,41256,41259],{},[19,41254,41209],{}," treats ",[19,41257,41258],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[616,41261,41263],{"id":41262},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[15,41265,41266,41268],{},[19,41267,33186],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[15,41270,41271],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[616,41273,41275],{"id":41274},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[15,41277,38507,41278,41280],{},[19,41279,33186],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[15,41282,275],{},[48,41284,41286],{"className":50,"code":41285,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[19,41287,41288,41298],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41289,41290,41292,41294,41296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41291,30309],{"class":63},[57,41293,68],{"class":67},[57,41295,9302],{"class":63},[57,41297,242],{"class":67},[57,41299,41300,41302,41304,41306,41309,41311],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41301,64],{"class":63},[57,41303,68],{"class":67},[57,41305,939],{"class":938},[57,41307,41308],{"class":942},"Done",[57,41310,939],{"class":938},[57,41312,242],{"class":67},[15,41314,41315],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[616,41317,35366,41319,6840,41321],{"id":41318},"confusing-help-with-dir",[19,41320,33186],{},[19,41322,32469],{},[15,41324,41325,41326,498],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[19,41327,32469],{},[15,41329,41330,41331,498],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[19,41332,33186],{},[43,41334,41336],{"id":41335},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[15,41338,41339],{},"Open Python:",[48,41341,41342],{"className":50,"code":33702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,41343,41344],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41345,41346],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41347,33702],{"class":285},[15,41349,41350],{},"Then test these commands:",[48,41352,41354],{"className":50,"code":41353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[19,41355,41356,41366,41380,41394,41404,41419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41357,41358,41360,41362,41364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41359,30309],{"class":63},[57,41361,68],{"class":67},[57,41363,9302],{"class":63},[57,41365,242],{"class":67},[57,41367,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376,41378],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41369,30309],{"class":63},[57,41371,68],{"class":67},[57,41373,1541],{"class":990},[57,41375,498],{"class":67},[57,41377,32627],{"class":22903},[57,41379,242],{"class":67},[57,41381,41382,41384,41386,41388,41390,41392],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,41383,30309],{"class":63},[57,41385,68],{"class":67},[57,41387,6226],{"class":990},[57,41389,498],{"class":67},[57,41391,11699],{"class":22903},[57,41393,242],{"class":67},[57,41395,41396,41398,41400,41402],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,41397,30309],{"class":63},[57,41399,68],{"class":67},[57,41401,40592],{"class":63},[57,41403,242],{"class":67},[57,41405,41406,41408,41410,41412,41415,41417],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,41407,30309],{"class":63},[57,41409,68],{"class":67},[57,41411,1395],{"class":938},[57,41413,41414],{"class":942},"keywords",[57,41416,1395],{"class":938},[57,41418,242],{"class":67},[57,41420,41421,41423,41425,41427],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,41422,32530],{"class":63},[57,41424,68],{"class":67},[57,41426,1541],{"class":990},[57,41428,242],{"class":67},[15,41430,41431],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[27,41433,41434,41437,41440,41443,41446,41449],{},[30,41435,41436],{},"A built-in function",[30,41438,41439],{},"A string method",[30,41441,41442],{},"A list method",[30,41444,41445],{},"A built-in file function",[30,41447,41448],{},"A special help topic",[30,41450,13336,41451,41453],{},[19,41452,32469],{}," example for comparison",[43,41455,1554],{"id":1553},[616,41457,41459],{"id":41458},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[15,41461,41462],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[616,41464,41466],{"id":41465},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[15,41468,41469,41470,41472],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[19,41471,33186],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[48,41474,41476],{"className":50,"code":41475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[19,41477,41478,41490,41503,41522,41526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41479,41480,41482,41484,41486,41488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41481,33010],{"class":125},[57,41483,33014],{"class":33013},[57,41485,68],{"class":67},[57,41487,5798],{"class":35825},[57,41489,6475],{"class":67},[57,41491,41492,41496,41500],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41493,41495],{"class":41494},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[57,41497,41499],{"class":41498},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[57,41501,41502],{"class":41494},"\"\"\"\n",[57,41504,41505,41507,41510,41513,41515,41517,41519],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,41506,33021],{"class":1990},[57,41508,41509],{"class":125}," f",[57,41511,41512],{"class":942},"\"Hello, ",[57,41514,7415],{"class":80},[57,41516,5798],{"class":285},[57,41518,20455],{"class":80},[57,41520,41521],{"class":942},"!\"\n",[57,41523,41524],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,41525,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,41527,41528,41530,41532,41534],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,41529,30309],{"class":63},[57,41531,68],{"class":67},[57,41533,33056],{"class":238},[57,41535,242],{"class":67},[616,41537,41539],{"id":41538},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[15,41541,41542,41544,41545,41547],{},[19,41543,41213],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[19,41546,41209],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[616,41549,41551],{"id":41550},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[15,41553,41554],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[43,41556,1602],{"id":1601},[27,41558,41559,41564,41568,41573,41578],{},[30,41560,41561],{},[373,41562,41563],{"href":40771},"Python dir() function explained",[30,41565,41566],{},[373,41567,6576],{"href":375},[30,41569,41570],{},[373,41571,41572],{"href":40523},"Python len() function explained",[30,41574,41575],{},[373,41576,41577],{"href":40818},"How import works in Python",[30,41579,41580],{},[373,41581,33316],{"href":40823},[15,41583,41584,41585,41587,41588,256,41590,15221,41592,41594,41595,965,41598,41601],{},"Try ",[19,41586,33186],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[19,41589,9302],{},[19,41591,64],{},[19,41593,40628],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[19,41596,41597],{},"dir(str)",[19,41599,41600],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1634,41603,41604],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":41606},[41607,41608,41609,41610,41616,41617,41618,41619,41623,41631,41632,41638],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":40488,"depth":87,"text":40489},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":40613,"depth":87,"text":40614,"children":41611},[41612,41613,41614,41615],{"id":40617,"depth":103,"text":40618},{"id":40670,"depth":103,"text":40671},{"id":32664,"depth":103,"text":40508},{"id":32817,"depth":103,"text":40511},{"id":33076,"depth":87,"text":33077},{"id":40890,"depth":87,"text":40891},{"id":40951,"depth":87,"text":40952},{"id":41093,"depth":87,"text":41094,"children":41620},[41621,41622],{"id":30309,"depth":103,"text":33186},{"id":32530,"depth":103,"text":32469},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":41624},[41625,41627,41628,41629],{"id":41206,"depth":103,"text":41626},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":41262,"depth":103,"text":41263},{"id":41274,"depth":103,"text":41275},{"id":41318,"depth":103,"text":41630},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":41335,"depth":87,"text":41336},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":41633},[41634,41635,41636,41637],{"id":41458,"depth":103,"text":41459},{"id":41465,"depth":103,"text":41466},{"id":41538,"depth":103,"text":41539},{"id":41550,"depth":103,"text":41551},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":40417,"description":41639},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":41645,"title":41646,"body":41647,"description":43009,"extension":1666,"meta":43010,"navigation":317,"path":43011,"seo":43012,"stem":43013,"__hash__":43014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":41648,"toc":42982},[41649,41655,41660,41666,41676,41735,41745,41756,41761,41767,41769,41787,41795,41797,41799,41814,41817,41828,41830,41921,41924,41928,41933,41954,41956,42067,42069,42096,42107,42111,42114,42197,42199,42207,42213,42219,42223,42226,42336,42338,42351,42354,42368,42376,42383,42388,42402,42408,42521,42523,42584,42587,42593,42599,42602,42624,42627,42697,42700,42732,42739,42741,42744,42762,42765,42777,42783,42785,42790,42816,42819,42891,42893,42899,42902,42908,42911,42917,42927,42933,42936,42943,42946,42948,42979],[11,41650,1680,41652,1684],{"id":41651},"python-id-function-explained",[19,41653,41654],{},"id()",[15,41656,30474,41657,41659],{},[19,41658,41654],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[15,41661,41662,41663,41665],{},"Beginners usually see ",[19,41664,41654],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[15,41667,154,41668,41670,41671,41673,41674,498],{},[19,41669,41654],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[1854,41672,2750],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[19,41675,2808],{},[48,41677,41679],{"className":50,"code":41678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[19,41680,41681,41693,41707,41711,41721],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41682,41683,41685,41687,41689,41691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41684,6008],{"class":285},[57,41686,289],{"class":76},[57,41688,1449],{"class":938},[57,41690,5426],{"class":942},[57,41692,1455],{"class":938},[57,41694,41695,41697,41699,41701,41703,41705],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41696,64],{"class":63},[57,41698,68],{"class":67},[57,41700,10793],{"class":63},[57,41702,68],{"class":67},[57,41704,5798],{"class":238},[57,41706,84],{"class":67},[57,41708,41709],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,41710,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,41712,41713,41716,41718],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,41714,41715],{"class":285},"other ",[57,41717,289],{"class":76},[57,41719,41720],{"class":285}," name\n",[57,41722,41723,41725,41727,41729,41731,41733],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,41724,64],{"class":63},[57,41726,68],{"class":67},[57,41728,10793],{"class":63},[57,41730,68],{"class":67},[57,41732,28899],{"class":238},[57,41734,84],{"class":67},[15,41736,41737,41738,41741,41742,41744],{},"In this example, ",[19,41739,41740],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[19,41743,41654],{}," values match.",[41746,41747,41748],"blockquote",{},[15,41749,154,41750,41752,41753,41755],{},[19,41751,41654],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[19,41754,2808],{}," for value comparison.",[43,41757,1787,41759,1790],{"id":41758},"what-id-does",[19,41760,41654],{},[15,41762,41763,41766],{},[19,41764,41765],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[15,41768,11197],{},[27,41770,41771,41774,41781,41784],{},[30,41772,41773],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[30,41775,41776,41777,41780],{},"It shows ",[1854,41778,41779],{},"object identity",", not object value",[30,41782,41783],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[30,41785,41786],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[15,41788,41789,41790,41794],{},"This is closely related to how ",[373,41791,41793],{"href":41792},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[43,41796,221],{"id":220},[15,41798,3558],{},[48,41800,41802],{"className":50,"code":41801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"id(object)\n",[19,41803,41804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41805,41806,41808,41810,41812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41807,10793],{"class":63},[57,41809,68],{"class":67},[57,41811,40564],{"class":990},[57,41813,242],{"class":67},[15,41815,41816],{},"Important details:",[27,41818,41819,41822,41825],{},[30,41820,41821],{},"It takes one argument",[30,41823,41824],{},"It returns an integer",[30,41826,41827],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[15,41829,275],{},[48,41831,41833],{"className":50,"code":41832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[19,41834,41835,41847,41855,41875,41879,41893,41907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41836,41837,41839,41841,41843,41845],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41838,32846],{"class":285},[57,41840,289],{"class":76},[57,41842,1449],{"class":938},[57,41844,1958],{"class":942},[57,41846,1455],{"class":938},[57,41848,41849,41851,41853],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41850,286],{"class":285},[57,41852,289],{"class":76},[57,41854,851],{"class":80},[57,41856,41857,41859,41861,41863,41865,41867,41869,41871,41873],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,41858,5910],{"class":285},[57,41860,289],{"class":76},[57,41862,1729],{"class":67},[57,41864,1078],{"class":80},[57,41866,1081],{"class":67},[57,41868,1084],{"class":80},[57,41870,1081],{"class":67},[57,41872,530],{"class":80},[57,41874,1742],{"class":67},[57,41876,41877],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,41878,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,41880,41881,41883,41885,41887,41889,41891],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,41882,64],{"class":63},[57,41884,68],{"class":67},[57,41886,10793],{"class":63},[57,41888,68],{"class":67},[57,41890,32867],{"class":238},[57,41892,84],{"class":67},[57,41894,41895,41897,41899,41901,41903,41905],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,41896,64],{"class":63},[57,41898,68],{"class":67},[57,41900,10793],{"class":63},[57,41902,68],{"class":67},[57,41904,310],{"class":238},[57,41906,84],{"class":67},[57,41908,41909,41911,41913,41915,41917,41919],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,41910,64],{"class":63},[57,41912,68],{"class":67},[57,41914,10793],{"class":63},[57,41916,68],{"class":67},[57,41918,5941],{"class":238},[57,41920,84],{"class":67},[15,41922,41923],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[43,41925,41927],{"id":41926},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[15,41929,41930,41931,498],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[19,41932,41654],{},[27,41934,41935,41942,41949],{},[30,41936,41937,41939,41940],{},[19,41938,2808],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[1854,41941,552],{},[30,41943,41944,41946,41947],{},[19,41945,10337],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[1854,41948,40564],{},[30,41950,41951,41953],{},[19,41952,41654],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[15,41955,275],{},[48,41957,41959],{"className":50,"code":41958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[19,41960,41961,41981,42001,42005,42022,42039,42053],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41962,41963,41965,41967,41969,41971,41973,41975,41977,41979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41964,636],{"class":285},[57,41966,289],{"class":76},[57,41968,1729],{"class":67},[57,41970,1078],{"class":80},[57,41972,1081],{"class":67},[57,41974,1084],{"class":80},[57,41976,1081],{"class":67},[57,41978,530],{"class":80},[57,41980,1742],{"class":67},[57,41982,41983,41985,41987,41989,41991,41993,41995,41997,41999],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,41984,664],{"class":285},[57,41986,289],{"class":76},[57,41988,1729],{"class":67},[57,41990,1078],{"class":80},[57,41992,1081],{"class":67},[57,41994,1084],{"class":80},[57,41996,1081],{"class":67},[57,41998,530],{"class":80},[57,42000,1742],{"class":67},[57,42002,42003],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,42004,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,42006,42007,42009,42011,42013,42015,42017,42019],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,42008,64],{"class":63},[57,42010,68],{"class":67},[57,42012,636],{"class":238},[57,42014,2808],{"class":76},[57,42016,641],{"class":238},[57,42018,1769],{"class":67},[57,42020,42021],{"class":1772},"   # True\n",[57,42023,42024,42026,42028,42030,42032,42034,42036],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,42025,64],{"class":63},[57,42027,68],{"class":67},[57,42029,636],{"class":238},[57,42031,10337],{"class":1990},[57,42033,641],{"class":238},[57,42035,1769],{"class":67},[57,42037,42038],{"class":1772},"   # False\n",[57,42040,42041,42043,42045,42047,42049,42051],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,42042,64],{"class":63},[57,42044,68],{"class":67},[57,42046,10793],{"class":63},[57,42048,68],{"class":67},[57,42050,373],{"class":238},[57,42052,84],{"class":67},[57,42054,42055,42057,42059,42061,42063,42065],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,42056,64],{"class":63},[57,42058,68],{"class":67},[57,42060,10793],{"class":63},[57,42062,68],{"class":67},[57,42064,2881],{"class":238},[57,42066,84],{"class":67},[15,42068,245],{},[27,42070,42071,42079,42087],{},[30,42072,42073,2904,42076,42078],{},[19,42074,42075],{},"a == b",[19,42077,1709],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[30,42080,42081,2904,42084,42086],{},[19,42082,42083],{},"a is b",[19,42085,1783],{}," because they are different list objects",[30,42088,42089,2511,42092,42095],{},[19,42090,42091],{},"id(a)",[19,42093,42094],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[15,42097,42098,42099,2511,42103,498],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[373,42100,42102],{"href":42101},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[373,42104,42106],{"href":42105},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[43,42108,42110],{"id":42109},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[15,42112,42113],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[48,42115,42117],{"className":50,"code":42116,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[19,42118,42119,42139,42149,42153,42167,42182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42120,42121,42123,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133,42135,42137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42122,1724],{"class":285},[57,42124,289],{"class":76},[57,42126,1729],{"class":67},[57,42128,407],{"class":80},[57,42130,1081],{"class":67},[57,42132,5921],{"class":80},[57,42134,1081],{"class":67},[57,42136,5926],{"class":80},[57,42138,1742],{"class":67},[57,42140,42141,42144,42146],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42142,42143],{"class":285},"other_numbers ",[57,42145,289],{"class":76},[57,42147,42148],{"class":285}," numbers\n",[57,42150,42151],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,42152,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,42154,42155,42157,42159,42161,42163,42165],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,42156,64],{"class":63},[57,42158,68],{"class":67},[57,42160,10793],{"class":63},[57,42162,68],{"class":67},[57,42164,1756],{"class":238},[57,42166,84],{"class":67},[57,42168,42169,42171,42173,42175,42177,42180],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,42170,64],{"class":63},[57,42172,68],{"class":67},[57,42174,10793],{"class":63},[57,42176,68],{"class":67},[57,42178,42179],{"class":238},"other_numbers",[57,42181,84],{"class":67},[57,42183,42184,42186,42188,42190,42192,42195],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,42185,64],{"class":63},[57,42187,68],{"class":67},[57,42189,1724],{"class":238},[57,42191,10337],{"class":1990},[57,42193,42194],{"class":238}," other_numbers",[57,42196,242],{"class":67},[15,42198,3684],{},[48,42200,42201],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,42202,42203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42204,42205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42206,2095],{"class":1965},[15,42208,42209,42210,42212],{},"The two ",[19,42211,41654],{}," values will also match.",[15,42214,20341,42215,42218],{},[19,42216,42217],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[43,42220,42222],{"id":42221},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[15,42224,42225],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[48,42227,42229],{"className":50,"code":42228,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[19,42230,42231,42252,42273,42277,42292,42306,42321],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42232,42233,42236,42238,42240,42242,42244,42246,42248,42250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42234,42235],{"class":285},"list_a ",[57,42237,289],{"class":76},[57,42239,1729],{"class":67},[57,42241,1078],{"class":80},[57,42243,1081],{"class":67},[57,42245,1084],{"class":80},[57,42247,1081],{"class":67},[57,42249,530],{"class":80},[57,42251,1742],{"class":67},[57,42253,42254,42257,42259,42261,42263,42265,42267,42269,42271],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42255,42256],{"class":285},"list_b ",[57,42258,289],{"class":76},[57,42260,1729],{"class":67},[57,42262,1078],{"class":80},[57,42264,1081],{"class":67},[57,42266,1084],{"class":80},[57,42268,1081],{"class":67},[57,42270,530],{"class":80},[57,42272,1742],{"class":67},[57,42274,42275],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,42276,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,42278,42279,42281,42283,42285,42287,42290],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,42280,64],{"class":63},[57,42282,68],{"class":67},[57,42284,42235],{"class":238},[57,42286,2808],{"class":76},[57,42288,42289],{"class":238}," list_b",[57,42291,242],{"class":67},[57,42293,42294,42296,42298,42300,42302,42304],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,42295,64],{"class":63},[57,42297,68],{"class":67},[57,42299,42235],{"class":238},[57,42301,10337],{"class":1990},[57,42303,42289],{"class":238},[57,42305,242],{"class":67},[57,42307,42308,42310,42312,42314,42316,42319],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,42309,64],{"class":63},[57,42311,68],{"class":67},[57,42313,10793],{"class":63},[57,42315,68],{"class":67},[57,42317,42318],{"class":238},"list_a",[57,42320,84],{"class":67},[57,42322,42323,42325,42327,42329,42331,42334],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,42324,64],{"class":63},[57,42326,68],{"class":67},[57,42328,10793],{"class":63},[57,42330,68],{"class":67},[57,42332,42333],{"class":238},"list_b",[57,42335,84],{"class":67},[15,42337,3684],{},[48,42339,42341],{"className":50,"code":42340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\n",[19,42342,42343,42347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42344,42345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42346,2095],{"class":1965},[57,42348,42349],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42350,2156],{"class":1965},[15,42352,42353],{},"What this means:",[27,42355,42356,42359,42362],{},[30,42357,42358],{},"The lists are equal in value",[30,42360,42361],{},"They are not the same object",[30,42363,42364,42365,42367],{},"Their ",[19,42366,41654],{}," values are usually different",[15,42369,42370,42371,42373,42374,498],{},"This is why ",[19,42372,41654],{}," should not replace ",[19,42375,2808],{},[43,42377,42379,42380,42382],{"id":42378},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[19,42381,41654],{}," is useful",[15,42384,42385,42387],{},[19,42386,41654],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[27,42389,42390,42393,42396,42399],{},[30,42391,42392],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[30,42394,42395],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[30,42397,42398],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[30,42400,42401],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[15,42403,42404,42405,42407],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[19,42406,41654],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[48,42409,42411],{"className":50,"code":42410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[19,42412,42413,42437,42446,42450,42469,42473,42483,42493,42507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42414,42415,42417,42419,42421,42423,42425,42427,42429,42431,42433,42435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42416,10229],{"class":285},[57,42418,289],{"class":76},[57,42420,1729],{"class":67},[57,42422,939],{"class":938},[57,42424,373],{"class":942},[57,42426,939],{"class":938},[57,42428,1081],{"class":67},[57,42430,1449],{"class":938},[57,42432,2881],{"class":942},[57,42434,939],{"class":938},[57,42436,1742],{"class":67},[57,42438,42439,42442,42444],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42440,42441],{"class":285},"copy_ref ",[57,42443,289],{"class":76},[57,42445,10267],{"class":285},[57,42447,42448],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,42449,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,42451,42452,42455,42457,42459,42461,42463,42465,42467],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,42453,42454],{"class":285},"copy_ref",[57,42456,498],{"class":67},[57,42458,11699],{"class":238},[57,42460,68],{"class":67},[57,42462,939],{"class":938},[57,42464,7877],{"class":942},[57,42466,939],{"class":938},[57,42468,242],{"class":67},[57,42470,42471],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,42472,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,42474,42475,42477,42479,42481],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,42476,64],{"class":63},[57,42478,68],{"class":67},[57,42480,10276],{"class":238},[57,42482,242],{"class":67},[57,42484,42485,42487,42489,42491],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,42486,64],{"class":63},[57,42488,68],{"class":67},[57,42490,42454],{"class":238},[57,42492,242],{"class":67},[57,42494,42495,42497,42499,42501,42503,42505],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,42496,64],{"class":63},[57,42498,68],{"class":67},[57,42500,10793],{"class":63},[57,42502,68],{"class":67},[57,42504,10276],{"class":238},[57,42506,84],{"class":67},[57,42508,42509,42511,42513,42515,42517,42519],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,42510,64],{"class":63},[57,42512,68],{"class":67},[57,42514,10793],{"class":63},[57,42516,68],{"class":67},[57,42518,42454],{"class":238},[57,42520,84],{"class":67},[15,42522,3684],{},[48,42524,42526],{"className":50,"code":42525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[19,42527,42528,42556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42529,42530,42532,42534,42536,42538,42540,42542,42544,42546,42548,42550,42552,42554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42531,2015],{"class":67},[57,42533,1395],{"class":938},[57,42535,373],{"class":942},[57,42537,1395],{"class":938},[57,42539,1081],{"class":67},[57,42541,1390],{"class":938},[57,42543,2881],{"class":942},[57,42545,1395],{"class":938},[57,42547,1081],{"class":67},[57,42549,1390],{"class":938},[57,42551,7877],{"class":942},[57,42553,1395],{"class":938},[57,42555,1742],{"class":67},[57,42557,42558,42560,42562,42564,42566,42568,42570,42572,42574,42576,42578,42580,42582],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42559,2015],{"class":67},[57,42561,1395],{"class":938},[57,42563,373],{"class":942},[57,42565,1395],{"class":938},[57,42567,1081],{"class":67},[57,42569,1390],{"class":938},[57,42571,2881],{"class":942},[57,42573,1395],{"class":938},[57,42575,1081],{"class":67},[57,42577,1390],{"class":938},[57,42579,7877],{"class":942},[57,42581,1395],{"class":938},[57,42583,1742],{"class":67},[15,42585,42586],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[43,42588,42590,42591],{"id":42589},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[19,42592,41654],{},[15,42594,42595,42596,42598],{},"Do not use ",[19,42597,41654],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[15,42600,42601],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[27,42603,42604,42610,42616,42619],{},[30,42605,42606,42607,42609],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[19,42608,2808],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[30,42611,42612,42613,42615],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[19,42614,41654],{}," values across program runs",[30,42617,42618],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[30,42620,42621,42622],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[19,42623,41654],{},[15,42625,42626],{},"Bad example:",[48,42628,42630],{"className":50,"code":42629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[19,42631,42632,42644,42656,42660,42682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42633,42634,42636,42638,42640,42642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42635,636],{"class":285},[57,42637,289],{"class":76},[57,42639,1449],{"class":938},[57,42641,35209],{"class":942},[57,42643,1455],{"class":938},[57,42645,42646,42648,42650,42652,42654],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42647,664],{"class":285},[57,42649,289],{"class":76},[57,42651,1449],{"class":938},[57,42653,35209],{"class":942},[57,42655,1455],{"class":938},[57,42657,42658],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,42659,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,42661,42662,42664,42666,42668,42670,42672,42674,42676,42678,42680],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,42663,5126],{"class":1990},[57,42665,12963],{"class":63},[57,42667,68],{"class":67},[57,42669,373],{"class":238},[57,42671,1769],{"class":67},[57,42673,4535],{"class":76},[57,42675,12963],{"class":63},[57,42677,68],{"class":67},[57,42679,2881],{"class":238},[57,42681,6475],{"class":67},[57,42683,42684,42686,42688,42690,42693,42695],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,42685,6201],{"class":63},[57,42687,68],{"class":67},[57,42689,939],{"class":938},[57,42691,42692],{"class":942},"The values are equal",[57,42694,939],{"class":938},[57,42696,242],{"class":67},[15,42698,42699],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[48,42701,42703],{"className":50,"code":42702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[19,42704,42705,42718],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42706,42707,42709,42712,42714,42716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42708,5126],{"class":1990},[57,42710,42711],{"class":285}," a ",[57,42713,2808],{"class":76},[57,42715,641],{"class":285},[57,42717,4520],{"class":67},[57,42719,42720,42722,42724,42726,42728,42730],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42721,6201],{"class":63},[57,42723,68],{"class":67},[57,42725,939],{"class":938},[57,42727,42692],{"class":942},[57,42729,939],{"class":938},[57,42731,242],{"class":67},[15,42733,154,42734,965,42736,42738],{},[19,42735,10337],{},[19,42737,41654],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[43,42740,18952],{"id":18951},[15,42742,42743],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[27,42745,42746,42749,42752,42757],{},[30,42747,42748],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[30,42750,42751],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[30,42753,42754,42755],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[19,42756,41654],{},[30,42758,42759,42760],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[19,42761,41654],{},[15,42763,42764],{},"The important rule is:",[27,42766,42767,42772],{},[30,42768,154,42769,42771],{},[19,42770,2808],{}," to check value",[30,42773,154,42774,42776],{},[19,42775,10337],{}," to check identity",[15,42778,42779,42780,42782],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[19,42781,41654],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[43,42784,913],{"id":912},[15,42786,42787,42788,972],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[19,42789,41654],{},[27,42791,42792,42800,42803,42806,42811],{},[30,42793,6551,42794,42796,42797,42799],{},[19,42795,41654],{}," when ",[19,42798,2808],{}," should be used",[30,42801,42802],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[30,42804,42805],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[30,42807,42808,42809],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[19,42810,41654],{},[30,42812,6551,42813,42815],{},[19,42814,41654],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[15,42817,42818],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[48,42820,42822],{"className":50,"code":42821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[19,42823,42824,42839,42853,42867,42881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42825,42826,42828,42830,42832,42834,42837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42827,64],{"class":63},[57,42829,68],{"class":67},[57,42831,10793],{"class":63},[57,42833,68],{"class":67},[57,42835,42836],{"class":238},"my_object",[57,42838,84],{"class":67},[57,42840,42841,42843,42845,42847,42849,42851],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,42842,64],{"class":63},[57,42844,68],{"class":67},[57,42846,636],{"class":238},[57,42848,2808],{"class":76},[57,42850,641],{"class":238},[57,42852,242],{"class":67},[57,42854,42855,42857,42859,42861,42863,42865],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,42856,64],{"class":63},[57,42858,68],{"class":67},[57,42860,636],{"class":238},[57,42862,10337],{"class":1990},[57,42864,641],{"class":238},[57,42866,242],{"class":67},[57,42868,42869,42871,42873,42875,42877,42879],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,42870,64],{"class":63},[57,42872,68],{"class":67},[57,42874,1315],{"class":990},[57,42876,68],{"class":67},[57,42878,42836],{"class":238},[57,42880,84],{"class":67},[57,42882,42883,42885,42887,42889],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,42884,30309],{"class":63},[57,42886,68],{"class":67},[57,42888,10793],{"class":63},[57,42890,242],{"class":67},[43,42892,1554],{"id":1553},[616,42894,42896,42897,10860],{"id":42895},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[19,42898,41654],{},[15,42900,42901],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[616,42903,13050,42905,42907],{"id":42904},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[19,42906,41654],{}," the same as a memory address?",[15,42909,42910],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[616,42912,19572,42914,42916],{"id":42913},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[19,42915,41654],{}," to compare two values?",[15,42918,28426,42919,42921,42922,965,42924,42926],{},[19,42920,2808],{}," to compare values. Use ",[19,42923,41654],{},[19,42925,10337],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[616,42928,42930,42931,572],{"id":42929},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[19,42932,41654],{},[15,42934,42935],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[616,42937,42939,42940,42942],{"id":42938},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[19,42941,41654],{}," values?",[15,42944,42945],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[43,42947,1602],{"id":1601},[27,42949,42950,42955,42960,42965,42973],{},[30,42951,42952],{},[373,42953,42954],{"href":41792},"Python variables explained for beginners",[30,42956,42957],{},[373,42958,42959],{"href":42101},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[30,42961,42962],{},[373,42963,42964],{"href":42105},"Python data types overview",[30,42966,42967],{},[373,42968,1680,42970,1611],{"href":42969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[19,42971,42972],{},"isinstance()",[30,42974,42975],{},[373,42976,42978],{"href":42977},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1634,42980,42981],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":42983},[42984,42986,42987,42988,42989,42990,42992,42994,42995,42996,43008],{"id":41758,"depth":87,"text":42985},"What id() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":41926,"depth":87,"text":41927},{"id":42109,"depth":87,"text":42110},{"id":42221,"depth":87,"text":42222},{"id":42378,"depth":87,"text":42991},"When id() is useful",{"id":42589,"depth":87,"text":42993},"When not to use id()",{"id":18951,"depth":87,"text":18952},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":42997},[42998,43000,43002,43004,43006],{"id":42895,"depth":103,"text":42999},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":42904,"depth":103,"text":43001},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":42913,"depth":103,"text":43003},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":42929,"depth":103,"text":43005},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":42938,"depth":103,"text":43007},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":41646,"description":43009},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":43016,"title":40359,"body":43017,"description":44657,"extension":1666,"meta":44658,"navigation":317,"path":44659,"seo":44660,"stem":44661,"__hash__":44662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":8,"value":43018,"toc":44623},[43019,43024,43029,43032,43034,43077,43082,43085,43090,43095,43098,43114,43116,43160,43162,43189,43191,43206,43208,43210,43212,43228,43230,43242,43245,43279,43282,43307,43312,43314,43319,43323,43326,43328,43376,43378,43411,43417,43428,43430,43482,43484,43515,43517,43521,43525,43568,43574,43580,43632,43640,43645,43649,43740,43742,43775,43778,43780,43840,43842,43868,43878,43880,43884,43889,43894,43896,43933,43935,43954,43957,43961,43964,44020,44032,44041,44043,44070,44078,44085,44089,44092,44129,44132,44138,44175,44177,44181,44187,44205,44210,44258,44262,44351,44354,44361,44363,44365,44370,44388,44390,44433,44439,44456,44458,44520,44522,44524,44530,44538,44544,44550,44559,44569,44573,44581,44583,44585,44620],[11,43020,1680,43022,1684],{"id":43021},"python-input-function-explained",[19,43023,1047],{},[15,43025,17,43026,43028],{},[19,43027,1047],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[15,43030,43031],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[43,43033,46],{"id":45},[48,43035,43037],{"className":50,"code":43036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[19,43038,43039,43058],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43040,43041,43043,43045,43047,43049,43051,43054,43056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43042,6008],{"class":285},[57,43044,289],{"class":76},[57,43046,6375],{"class":63},[57,43048,68],{"class":67},[57,43050,939],{"class":938},[57,43052,43053],{"class":942},"Enter your name: ",[57,43055,939],{"class":938},[57,43057,242],{"class":67},[57,43059,43060,43062,43064,43066,43069,43071,43073,43075],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43061,64],{"class":63},[57,43063,68],{"class":67},[57,43065,939],{"class":938},[57,43067,43068],{"class":942},"Hello, ",[57,43070,939],{"class":938},[57,43072,533],{"class":76},[57,43074,34152],{"class":238},[57,43076,242],{"class":67},[15,43078,154,43079,43081],{},[19,43080,1047],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[43083,43084],"hr",{},[43,43086,1787,43088,1790],{"id":43087},"what-input-does",[19,43089,1047],{},[15,43091,43092,43094],{},[19,43093,1047],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[15,43096,43097],{},"Here is what happens:",[27,43099,43100,43105,43108,43111],{},[30,43101,43102,43104],{},[19,43103,1047],{}," waits for the user to type",[30,43106,43107],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[30,43109,43110],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[30,43112,43113],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[15,43115,275],{},[48,43117,43119],{"className":50,"code":43118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[19,43120,43121,43141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43122,43123,43126,43128,43130,43132,43134,43137,43139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43124,43125],{"class":285},"color ",[57,43127,289],{"class":76},[57,43129,6375],{"class":63},[57,43131,68],{"class":67},[57,43133,939],{"class":938},[57,43135,43136],{"class":942},"What is your favorite color? ",[57,43138,939],{"class":938},[57,43140,242],{"class":67},[57,43142,43143,43145,43147,43149,43152,43154,43156,43158],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43144,64],{"class":63},[57,43146,68],{"class":67},[57,43148,939],{"class":938},[57,43150,43151],{"class":942},"Your favorite color is",[57,43153,939],{"class":938},[57,43155,1081],{"class":67},[57,43157,34011],{"class":238},[57,43159,242],{"class":67},[15,43161,28185],{},[48,43163,43165],{"className":50,"code":43164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[19,43166,43167,43180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43168,43169,43171,43173,43176,43178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43170,1787],{"class":285},[57,43172,10337],{"class":76},[57,43174,43175],{"class":285}," your favorite color",[57,43177,572],{"class":35529},[57,43179,34041],{"class":285},[57,43181,43182,43185,43187],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43183,43184],{"class":285},"Your favorite color ",[57,43186,10337],{"class":76},[57,43188,34041],{"class":285},[15,43190,18108],{},[27,43192,43193,43198,43203],{},[30,43194,43195,43196],{},"The prompt is ",[19,43197,43136],{},[30,43199,43200,43201],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[19,43202,31048],{},[30,43204,43205],{},"That value is then printed",[43083,43207],{},[43,43209,221],{"id":220},[15,43211,5347],{},[48,43213,43215],{"className":50,"code":43214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"input(prompt)\n",[19,43216,43217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43218,43219,43221,43223,43226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43220,40628],{"class":63},[57,43222,68],{"class":67},[57,43224,43225],{"class":238},"prompt",[57,43227,242],{"class":67},[15,43229,9600],{},[27,43231,43232,43236,43239],{},[30,43233,17,43234,18190],{},[19,43235,43225],{},[30,43237,43238],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[30,43240,43241],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[15,43243,43244],{},"Example with a prompt:",[48,43246,43248],{"className":50,"code":43247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[19,43249,43250,43269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43251,43252,43254,43256,43258,43260,43262,43265,43267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43253,6093],{"class":285},[57,43255,289],{"class":76},[57,43257,6375],{"class":63},[57,43259,68],{"class":67},[57,43261,939],{"class":938},[57,43263,43264],{"class":942},"Enter your username: ",[57,43266,939],{"class":938},[57,43268,242],{"class":67},[57,43270,43271,43273,43275,43277],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43272,64],{"class":63},[57,43274,68],{"class":67},[57,43276,6117],{"class":238},[57,43278,242],{"class":67},[15,43280,43281],{},"Example without a prompt:",[48,43283,43285],{"className":50,"code":43284,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[19,43286,43287,43297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43288,43289,43291,43293,43295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43290,525],{"class":285},[57,43292,289],{"class":76},[57,43294,6375],{"class":63},[57,43296,6778],{"class":67},[57,43298,43299,43301,43303,43305],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43300,64],{"class":63},[57,43302,68],{"class":67},[57,43304,552],{"class":238},[57,43306,242],{"class":67},[15,43308,5893,43309,43311],{},[19,43310,1047],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[43083,43313],{},[43,43315,1787,43317,9848],{"id":43316},"what-input-returns",[19,43318,1047],{},[15,43320,43321,6358],{},[19,43322,1047],{},[15,43324,43325],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[15,43327,275],{},[48,43329,43331],{"className":50,"code":43330,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[19,43332,43333,43352,43362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43334,43335,43337,43339,43341,43343,43345,43348,43350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43336,19780],{"class":285},[57,43338,289],{"class":76},[57,43340,6375],{"class":63},[57,43342,68],{"class":67},[57,43344,939],{"class":938},[57,43346,43347],{"class":942},"Enter your age: ",[57,43349,939],{"class":938},[57,43351,242],{"class":67},[57,43353,43354,43356,43358,43360],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43355,64],{"class":63},[57,43357,68],{"class":67},[57,43359,7436],{"class":238},[57,43361,242],{"class":67},[57,43363,43364,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43365,64],{"class":63},[57,43367,68],{"class":67},[57,43369,1315],{"class":990},[57,43371,68],{"class":67},[57,43373,7436],{"class":238},[57,43375,84],{"class":67},[15,43377,28185],{},[48,43379,43381],{"className":50,"code":43380,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,43382,43383,43393,43397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43384,43385,43388,43390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43386,43387],{"class":285},"Enter your age",[57,43389,972],{"class":67},[57,43391,43392],{"class":80}," 25\n",[57,43394,43395],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43396,791],{"class":80},[57,43398,43399,43401,43403,43405,43407,43409],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43400,1384],{"class":76},[57,43402,1387],{"class":125},[57,43404,1390],{"class":938},[57,43406,1541],{"class":942},[57,43408,1395],{"class":938},[57,43410,1398],{"class":76},[15,43412,43413,43414,43416],{},"Even though the user typed ",[19,43415,7330],{},", Python treats it as text.",[15,43418,43419,43420,965,43424,498],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[373,43421,43422],{"href":961},[19,43423,964],{},[373,43425,43426],{"href":968},[19,43427,971],{},[15,43429,275],{},[48,43431,43433],{"className":50,"code":43432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[19,43434,43435,43458,43468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43436,43437,43439,43441,43444,43446,43448,43450,43452,43454,43456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43438,19780],{"class":285},[57,43440,289],{"class":76},[57,43442,43443],{"class":990}," int",[57,43445,68],{"class":67},[57,43447,40628],{"class":63},[57,43449,68],{"class":67},[57,43451,939],{"class":938},[57,43453,43347],{"class":942},[57,43455,939],{"class":938},[57,43457,84],{"class":67},[57,43459,43460,43462,43464,43466],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43461,64],{"class":63},[57,43463,68],{"class":67},[57,43465,7436],{"class":238},[57,43467,242],{"class":67},[57,43469,43470,43472,43474,43476,43478,43480],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43471,64],{"class":63},[57,43473,68],{"class":67},[57,43475,1315],{"class":990},[57,43477,68],{"class":67},[57,43479,7436],{"class":238},[57,43481,84],{"class":67},[15,43483,28185],{},[48,43485,43487],{"className":50,"code":43486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[19,43488,43489,43497,43501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43490,43491,43493,43495],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43492,43387],{"class":285},[57,43494,972],{"class":67},[57,43496,43392],{"class":80},[57,43498,43499],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43500,791],{"class":80},[57,43502,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511,43513],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43504,1384],{"class":76},[57,43506,1387],{"class":125},[57,43508,1390],{"class":938},[57,43510,255],{"class":942},[57,43512,1395],{"class":938},[57,43514,1398],{"class":76},[43083,43516],{},[43,43518,43520],{"id":43519},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[616,43522,43524],{"id":43523},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[48,43526,43528],{"className":50,"code":43527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[19,43529,43530,43549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43531,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540,43542,43545,43547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43533,6008],{"class":285},[57,43535,289],{"class":76},[57,43537,6375],{"class":63},[57,43539,68],{"class":67},[57,43541,939],{"class":938},[57,43543,43544],{"class":942},"What is your name? ",[57,43546,939],{"class":938},[57,43548,242],{"class":67},[57,43550,43551,43553,43555,43557,43560,43562,43564,43566],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43552,64],{"class":63},[57,43554,68],{"class":67},[57,43556,939],{"class":938},[57,43558,43559],{"class":942},"Hello,",[57,43561,939],{"class":938},[57,43563,1081],{"class":67},[57,43565,34152],{"class":238},[57,43567,242],{"class":67},[15,43569,43570,43571,43573],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[19,43572,5798],{}," and prints it.",[616,43575,43577,43578],{"id":43576},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[19,43579,964],{},[48,43581,43583],{"className":50,"code":43582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[19,43584,43585,43608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43586,43587,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601,43604,43606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43588,19780],{"class":285},[57,43590,289],{"class":76},[57,43592,43443],{"class":990},[57,43594,68],{"class":67},[57,43596,40628],{"class":63},[57,43598,68],{"class":67},[57,43600,939],{"class":938},[57,43602,43603],{"class":942},"How old are you? ",[57,43605,939],{"class":938},[57,43607,84],{"class":67},[57,43609,43610,43612,43614,43616,43619,43621,43623,43626,43628,43630],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43611,64],{"class":63},[57,43613,68],{"class":67},[57,43615,939],{"class":938},[57,43617,43618],{"class":942},"Next year you will be",[57,43620,939],{"class":938},[57,43622,1081],{"class":67},[57,43624,43625],{"class":238}," age ",[57,43627,119],{"class":76},[57,43629,3622],{"class":80},[57,43631,242],{"class":67},[15,43633,4186,43634,43636,43637,43639],{},[19,43635,964],{}," converts the text from ",[19,43638,1047],{}," into a whole number.",[15,43641,43642,43643,498],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[373,43644,7117],{"href":7116},[616,43646,43648],{"id":43647},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[48,43650,43652],{"className":50,"code":43651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[19,43653,43654,43678,43702,43716,43720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43655,43656,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671,43674,43676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43657,43658],{"class":285},"num1 ",[57,43660,289],{"class":76},[57,43662,43443],{"class":990},[57,43664,68],{"class":67},[57,43666,40628],{"class":63},[57,43668,68],{"class":67},[57,43670,939],{"class":938},[57,43672,43673],{"class":942},"Enter the first number: ",[57,43675,939],{"class":938},[57,43677,84],{"class":67},[57,43679,43680,43683,43685,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695,43698,43700],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43681,43682],{"class":285},"num2 ",[57,43684,289],{"class":76},[57,43686,43443],{"class":990},[57,43688,68],{"class":67},[57,43690,40628],{"class":63},[57,43692,68],{"class":67},[57,43694,939],{"class":938},[57,43696,43697],{"class":942},"Enter the second number: ",[57,43699,939],{"class":938},[57,43701,84],{"class":67},[57,43703,43704,43706,43708,43711,43713],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43705,39347],{"class":285},[57,43707,289],{"class":76},[57,43709,43710],{"class":285}," num1 ",[57,43712,119],{"class":76},[57,43714,43715],{"class":285}," num2\n",[57,43717,43718],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,43719,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,43721,43722,43724,43726,43728,43731,43733,43735,43738],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,43723,64],{"class":63},[57,43725,68],{"class":67},[57,43727,939],{"class":938},[57,43729,43730],{"class":942},"Total:",[57,43732,939],{"class":938},[57,43734,1081],{"class":67},[57,43736,43737],{"class":238}," total",[57,43739,242],{"class":67},[15,43741,28185],{},[48,43743,43745],{"className":50,"code":43744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[19,43746,43747,43757,43766],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43748,43749,43752,43754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43750,43751],{"class":285},"Enter the first number",[57,43753,972],{"class":67},[57,43755,43756],{"class":80}," 2\n",[57,43758,43759,43762,43764],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43760,43761],{"class":285},"Enter the second number",[57,43763,972],{"class":67},[57,43765,659],{"class":80},[57,43767,43768,43771,43773],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43769,43770],{"class":285},"Total",[57,43772,972],{"class":67},[57,43774,33001],{"class":80},[15,43776,43777],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[15,43779,275],{},[48,43781,43783],{"className":50,"code":43782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[19,43784,43785,43803,43821,43825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43786,43787,43789,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799,43801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43788,43658],{"class":285},[57,43790,289],{"class":76},[57,43792,6375],{"class":63},[57,43794,68],{"class":67},[57,43796,939],{"class":938},[57,43798,43673],{"class":942},[57,43800,939],{"class":938},[57,43802,242],{"class":67},[57,43804,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43806,43682],{"class":285},[57,43808,289],{"class":76},[57,43810,6375],{"class":63},[57,43812,68],{"class":67},[57,43814,939],{"class":938},[57,43816,43697],{"class":942},[57,43818,939],{"class":938},[57,43820,242],{"class":67},[57,43822,43823],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43824,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,43826,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43838],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,43828,64],{"class":63},[57,43830,68],{"class":67},[57,43832,43658],{"class":238},[57,43834,119],{"class":76},[57,43836,43837],{"class":238}," num2",[57,43839,242],{"class":67},[15,43841,28185],{},[48,43843,43845],{"className":50,"code":43844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[19,43846,43847,43855,43863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43848,43849,43851,43853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43850,43751],{"class":285},[57,43852,972],{"class":67},[57,43854,43756],{"class":80},[57,43856,43857,43859,43861],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43858,43761],{"class":285},[57,43860,972],{"class":67},[57,43862,659],{"class":80},[57,43864,43865],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,43866,43867],{"class":80},"23\n",[15,43869,43870,43871,43874,43875,498],{},"That happens because ",[19,43872,43873],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[19,43876,43877],{},"\"23\"",[43083,43879],{},[43,43881,43883],{"id":43882},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[15,43885,43886,43887,498],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[19,43888,1047],{},[616,43890,2824,43892,39707],{"id":43891},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[19,43893,1047],{},[15,43895,37362],{},[48,43897,43899],{"className":50,"code":43898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[19,43900,43901,43919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43902,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43904,525],{"class":285},[57,43906,289],{"class":76},[57,43908,6375],{"class":63},[57,43910,68],{"class":67},[57,43912,939],{"class":938},[57,43914,40036],{"class":942},[57,43916,939],{"class":938},[57,43918,242],{"class":67},[57,43920,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43922,64],{"class":63},[57,43924,68],{"class":67},[57,43926,1315],{"class":990},[57,43928,68],{"class":67},[57,43930,552],{"class":238},[57,43932,84],{"class":67},[15,43934,131],{},[48,43936,43938],{"className":50,"code":43937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,43939,43940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43941,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950,43952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43943,1384],{"class":76},[57,43945,1387],{"class":125},[57,43947,1390],{"class":938},[57,43949,1541],{"class":942},[57,43951,1395],{"class":938},[57,43953,1398],{"class":76},[15,43955,43956],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[616,43958,43960],{"id":43959},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[15,43962,43963],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[48,43965,43967],{"className":50,"code":43966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[19,43968,43969,43987,44006],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43970,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43972,636],{"class":285},[57,43974,289],{"class":76},[57,43976,6375],{"class":63},[57,43978,68],{"class":67},[57,43980,939],{"class":938},[57,43982,40036],{"class":942},[57,43984,939],{"class":938},[57,43986,242],{"class":67},[57,43988,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999,44002,44004],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,43990,664],{"class":285},[57,43992,289],{"class":76},[57,43994,6375],{"class":63},[57,43996,68],{"class":67},[57,43998,939],{"class":938},[57,44000,44001],{"class":942},"Enter another number: ",[57,44003,939],{"class":938},[57,44005,242],{"class":67},[57,44007,44008,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44009,64],{"class":63},[57,44011,68],{"class":67},[57,44013,636],{"class":238},[57,44015,119],{"class":76},[57,44017,641],{"class":238},[57,44019,242],{"class":67},[15,44021,39285,44022,2511,44024,44026,44027,17114,44030,498],{},[19,44023,585],{},[19,44025,199],{},", the result is ",[19,44028,44029],{},"45",[19,44031,207],{},[616,44033,44035,44036,44038,44039],{"id":44034},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[19,44037,38868],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[19,44040,964],{},[15,44042,275],{},[48,44044,44046],{"className":50,"code":44045,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[19,44047,44048],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44049,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44051,19780],{"class":285},[57,44053,289],{"class":76},[57,44055,43443],{"class":990},[57,44057,68],{"class":67},[57,44059,40628],{"class":63},[57,44061,68],{"class":67},[57,44063,939],{"class":938},[57,44065,43347],{"class":942},[57,44067,939],{"class":938},[57,44069,84],{"class":67},[15,44071,6404,44072,44075,44076,498],{},[19,44073,44074],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[19,44077,38868],{},[15,44079,44080,44081,498],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[373,44082,44084],{"href":44083},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[616,44086,44088],{"id":44087},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[15,44090,44091],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[48,44093,44095],{"className":50,"code":44094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[19,44096,44097,44115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44098,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44100,6008],{"class":285},[57,44102,289],{"class":76},[57,44104,6375],{"class":63},[57,44106,68],{"class":67},[57,44108,939],{"class":938},[57,44110,43053],{"class":942},[57,44112,939],{"class":938},[57,44114,242],{"class":67},[57,44116,44117,44119,44121,44123,44125,44127],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44118,64],{"class":63},[57,44120,68],{"class":67},[57,44122,39944],{"class":63},[57,44124,68],{"class":67},[57,44126,5798],{"class":238},[57,44128,84],{"class":67},[15,44130,44131],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[15,44133,44134,44135,972],{},"You can remove them with ",[19,44136,44137],{},".strip()",[48,44139,44141],{"className":50,"code":44140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[19,44142,44143,44165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44144,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159,44161,44163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44146,6008],{"class":285},[57,44148,289],{"class":76},[57,44150,6375],{"class":63},[57,44152,68],{"class":67},[57,44154,939],{"class":938},[57,44156,43053],{"class":942},[57,44158,939],{"class":938},[57,44160,6766],{"class":67},[57,44162,6769],{"class":238},[57,44164,6778],{"class":67},[57,44166,44167,44169,44171,44173],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44168,64],{"class":63},[57,44170,68],{"class":67},[57,44172,5798],{"class":238},[57,44174,242],{"class":67},[43083,44176],{},[43,44178,44180],{"id":44179},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[15,44182,44183,44184,44186],{},"These habits make ",[19,44185,1047],{}," easier and safer to use.",[27,44188,44189,44192,44197,44200],{},[30,44190,44191],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[30,44193,154,44194,44196],{},[19,44195,44137],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[30,44198,44199],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[30,44201,154,44202,44204],{},[19,44203,27937],{}," when converting input to numbers",[15,44206,44207,44208,972],{},"Example with ",[19,44209,44137],{},[48,44211,44213],{"className":50,"code":44212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[19,44214,44215,44239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44216,44217,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44231,44233,44235,44237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44218,44219],{"class":285},"city ",[57,44221,289],{"class":76},[57,44223,6375],{"class":63},[57,44225,68],{"class":67},[57,44227,939],{"class":938},[57,44229,44230],{"class":942},"Enter your city: ",[57,44232,939],{"class":938},[57,44234,6766],{"class":67},[57,44236,6769],{"class":238},[57,44238,6778],{"class":67},[57,44240,44241,44243,44245,44247,44250,44252,44254,44256],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44242,64],{"class":63},[57,44244,68],{"class":67},[57,44246,939],{"class":938},[57,44248,44249],{"class":942},"City:",[57,44251,939],{"class":938},[57,44253,1081],{"class":67},[57,44255,29541],{"class":238},[57,44257,242],{"class":67},[15,44259,44207,44260,972],{},[19,44261,27937],{},[48,44263,44265],{"className":50,"code":44264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[19,44266,44267,44273,44296,44328,44336],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44268,44269,44271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44270,27959],{"class":1990},[57,44272,4520],{"class":67},[57,44274,44275,44278,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44276,44277],{"class":285},"    age ",[57,44279,289],{"class":76},[57,44281,43443],{"class":990},[57,44283,68],{"class":67},[57,44285,40628],{"class":63},[57,44287,68],{"class":67},[57,44289,939],{"class":938},[57,44291,43347],{"class":942},[57,44293,939],{"class":938},[57,44295,84],{"class":67},[57,44297,44298,44300,44302,44304,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319,44321,44324,44326],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44299,6201],{"class":63},[57,44301,68],{"class":67},[57,44303,939],{"class":938},[57,44305,44306],{"class":942},"You will be",[57,44308,939],{"class":938},[57,44310,1081],{"class":67},[57,44312,43625],{"class":238},[57,44314,119],{"class":76},[57,44316,3622],{"class":80},[57,44318,1081],{"class":67},[57,44320,1449],{"class":938},[57,44322,44323],{"class":942},"next year",[57,44325,939],{"class":938},[57,44327,242],{"class":67},[57,44329,44330,44332,44334],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,44331,27990],{"class":1990},[57,44333,40091],{"class":990},[57,44335,4520],{"class":67},[57,44337,44338,44340,44342,44344,44347,44349],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,44339,6201],{"class":63},[57,44341,68],{"class":67},[57,44343,939],{"class":938},[57,44345,44346],{"class":942},"Please enter a whole number.",[57,44348,939],{"class":938},[57,44350,242],{"class":67},[15,44352,44353],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[15,44355,44356,44357,498],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[373,44358,44360],{"href":44359},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[43083,44362],{},[43,44364,913],{"id":912},[15,44366,44367,44368,972],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[19,44369,1047],{},[27,44371,44372,44379,44382,44385],{},[30,44373,44374,44375,965,44377],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[19,44376,964],{},[19,44378,971],{},[30,44380,44381],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[30,44383,44384],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[30,44386,44387],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[15,44389,30239],{},[48,44391,44393],{"className":50,"code":44392,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[19,44394,44395,44405,44419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44396,44397,44399,44401,44403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44398,64],{"class":63},[57,44400,68],{"class":67},[57,44402,552],{"class":238},[57,44404,242],{"class":67},[57,44406,44407,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44408,64],{"class":63},[57,44410,68],{"class":67},[57,44412,1315],{"class":990},[57,44414,68],{"class":67},[57,44416,552],{"class":238},[57,44418,84],{"class":67},[57,44420,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429,44431],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44422,64],{"class":63},[57,44424,68],{"class":67},[57,44426,39944],{"class":63},[57,44428,68],{"class":67},[57,44430,552],{"class":238},[57,44432,84],{"class":67},[15,44434,44435,44436,44438],{},"These help you inspect what ",[19,44437,1047],{}," actually returned:",[27,44440,44441,44446,44451],{},[30,44442,44443,44445],{},[19,44444,39992],{}," shows the value",[30,44447,44448,44450],{},[19,44449,39998],{}," shows the data type",[30,44452,44453,44455],{},[19,44454,40003],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[15,44457,275],{},[48,44459,44461],{"className":50,"code":44460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[19,44462,44463,44482,44492,44506],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44464,44465,44467,44469,44471,44473,44475,44478,44480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44466,525],{"class":285},[57,44468,289],{"class":76},[57,44470,6375],{"class":63},[57,44472,68],{"class":67},[57,44474,939],{"class":938},[57,44476,44477],{"class":942},"Enter something: ",[57,44479,939],{"class":938},[57,44481,242],{"class":67},[57,44483,44484,44486,44488,44490],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44485,64],{"class":63},[57,44487,68],{"class":67},[57,44489,552],{"class":238},[57,44491,242],{"class":67},[57,44493,44494,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44495,64],{"class":63},[57,44497,68],{"class":67},[57,44499,1315],{"class":990},[57,44501,68],{"class":67},[57,44503,552],{"class":238},[57,44505,84],{"class":67},[57,44507,44508,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,44509,64],{"class":63},[57,44511,68],{"class":67},[57,44513,39944],{"class":63},[57,44515,68],{"class":67},[57,44517,552],{"class":238},[57,44519,84],{"class":67},[43083,44521],{},[43,44523,1554],{"id":1553},[616,44525,10848,44527,44529],{"id":44526},"does-input-return-an-integer",[19,44528,1047],{}," return an integer?",[15,44531,44532,44533,44535,44536,38093],{},"No. ",[19,44534,1047],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[19,44537,964],{},[616,44539,44541,44542,572],{"id":44540},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[19,44543,1047],{},[15,44545,44546,44547,44549],{},"No. You can call ",[19,44548,1047],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[616,44551,3280,44553,44556,44557,572],{"id":44552},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[19,44554,44555],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[19,44558,1047],{},[15,44560,27216,44561,44563,44564,40320,44566,44568],{},[19,44562,1047],{}," returns strings. ",[19,44565,43873],{},[19,44567,43877],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[616,44570,44572],{"id":44571},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[15,44574,154,44575,44577,44578,498],{},[19,44576,44137],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[19,44579,44580],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[43083,44582],{},[43,44584,1602],{"id":1601},[27,44586,44587,44592,44596,44602,44608,44612],{},[30,44588,44589],{},[373,44590,44591],{"href":44359},"How to get user input in Python",[30,44593,44594],{},[373,44595,7194],{"href":7116},[30,44597,44598],{},[373,44599,1680,44600,1611],{"href":961},[19,44601,964],{},[30,44603,44604],{},[373,44605,1680,44606,1611],{"href":968},[19,44607,971],{},[30,44609,44610],{},[373,44611,44084],{"href":44083},[30,44613,44614],{},[373,44615,1680,44617,1611],{"href":44616},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[19,44618,44619],{},"print()",[1634,44621,44622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":44624},[44625,44626,44628,44629,44631,44637,44645,44646,44647,44656],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":43087,"depth":87,"text":44627},"What input() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":43316,"depth":87,"text":44630},"What input() returns",{"id":43519,"depth":87,"text":43520,"children":44632},[44633,44634,44636],{"id":43523,"depth":103,"text":43524},{"id":43576,"depth":103,"text":44635},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":43647,"depth":103,"text":43648},{"id":43882,"depth":87,"text":43883,"children":44638},[44639,44641,44642,44644],{"id":43891,"depth":103,"text":44640},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":43959,"depth":103,"text":43960},{"id":44034,"depth":103,"text":44643},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":44087,"depth":103,"text":44088},{"id":44179,"depth":87,"text":44180},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":44648},[44649,44651,44653,44655],{"id":44526,"depth":103,"text":44650},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":44540,"depth":103,"text":44652},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":44552,"depth":103,"text":44654},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":44571,"depth":103,"text":44572},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":40359,"description":44657},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":44664,"title":40261,"body":44665,"description":46978,"extension":1666,"meta":46979,"navigation":317,"path":46980,"seo":46981,"stem":46982,"__hash__":46983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":8,"value":44666,"toc":46930},[44667,44672,44677,44682,44703,44706,44708,44768,44770,44789,44794,44799,44804,44806,44819,44821,44904,44906,44947,44953,44955,44985,44991,44994,45011,45013,45065,45067,45085,45091,45097,45100,45118,45120,45193,45195,45214,45221,45227,45232,45235,45295,45297,45316,45319,45322,45337,45343,45347,45408,45410,45431,45435,45564,45566,45696,45706,45712,45718,45726,45792,45794,45819,45822,45839,45852,45858,45861,45894,45896,45909,45912,45955,45957,45965,45972,45976,45983,45987,46014,46016,46024,46030,46047,46052,46056,46083,46085,46093,46097,46102,46105,46131,46134,46143,46151,46155,46165,46169,46172,46174,46225,46227,46257,46267,46294,46296,46304,46314,46318,46321,46323,46371,46373,46417,46423,46474,46476,46495,46500,46505,46508,46527,46530,46582,46584,46593,46595,46599,46603,46606,46615,46622,46624,46651,46655,46657,46666,46669,46676,46682,46742,46746,46748,46756,46759,46785,46791,46794,46814,46816,46825,46833,46835,46841,46846,46853,46863,46869,46877,46881,46884,46886,46927],[11,44668,1680,44670,1684],{"id":44669},"python-int-function-explained",[19,44671,964],{},[15,44673,30474,44674,44676],{},[19,44675,964],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[15,44678,33565,44679,44681],{},[19,44680,964],{}," when they want to:",[27,44683,44684,44694,44697,44700],{},[30,44685,44686,44687,44690,44691],{},"turn text like ",[19,44688,44689],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[19,44692,44693],{},"42",[30,44695,44696],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[30,44698,44699],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[30,44701,44702],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[15,44704,44705],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[43,44707,46],{"id":45},[48,44709,44711],{"className":50,"code":44710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[19,44712,44713,44731,44745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44714,44715,44717,44719,44721,44723,44725,44727,44729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44716,64],{"class":63},[57,44718,68],{"class":67},[57,44720,255],{"class":990},[57,44722,68],{"class":67},[57,44724,939],{"class":938},[57,44726,44693],{"class":942},[57,44728,939],{"class":938},[57,44730,84],{"class":67},[57,44732,44733,44735,44737,44739,44741,44743],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44734,64],{"class":63},[57,44736,68],{"class":67},[57,44738,255],{"class":990},[57,44740,68],{"class":67},[57,44742,40149],{"class":80},[57,44744,84],{"class":67},[57,44746,44747,44749,44751,44753,44755,44757,44760,44762,44764,44766],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44748,64],{"class":63},[57,44750,68],{"class":67},[57,44752,255],{"class":990},[57,44754,68],{"class":67},[57,44756,939],{"class":938},[57,44758,44759],{"class":942},"101",[57,44761,939],{"class":938},[57,44763,1081],{"class":67},[57,44765,1084],{"class":80},[57,44767,84],{"class":67},[15,44769,131],{},[48,44771,44773],{"className":50,"code":44772,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n3\n5\n",[19,44774,44775,44780,44785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44776,44777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44778,44779],{"class":80},"42\n",[57,44781,44782],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44783,44784],{"class":80},"3\n",[57,44786,44787],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44788,1036],{"class":80},[15,44790,154,44791,44793],{},[19,44792,964],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[43,44795,1787,44797,1790],{"id":44796},"what-int-does",[19,44798,964],{},[15,44800,44801,44803],{},[19,44802,964],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[15,44805,11197],{},[27,44807,44808,44813,44816],{},[30,44809,44810,44811,5469],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[19,44812,255],{},[30,44814,44815],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[30,44817,44818],{},"It does not change the original object.",[15,44820,275],{},[48,44822,44824],{"className":50,"code":44823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[19,44825,44826,44838,44852,44856,44866,44876,44890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44827,44828,44830,44832,44834,44836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44829,32846],{"class":285},[57,44831,289],{"class":76},[57,44833,1449],{"class":938},[57,44835,7330],{"class":942},[57,44837,1455],{"class":938},[57,44839,44840,44842,44844,44846,44848,44850],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44841,286],{"class":285},[57,44843,289],{"class":76},[57,44845,43443],{"class":990},[57,44847,68],{"class":67},[57,44849,32867],{"class":238},[57,44851,242],{"class":67},[57,44853,44854],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44855,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,44857,44858,44860,44862,44864],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,44859,64],{"class":63},[57,44861,68],{"class":67},[57,44863,32867],{"class":238},[57,44865,242],{"class":67},[57,44867,44868,44870,44872,44874],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,44869,64],{"class":63},[57,44871,68],{"class":67},[57,44873,310],{"class":238},[57,44875,242],{"class":67},[57,44877,44878,44880,44882,44884,44886,44888],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,44879,64],{"class":63},[57,44881,68],{"class":67},[57,44883,1315],{"class":990},[57,44885,68],{"class":67},[57,44887,32867],{"class":238},[57,44889,84],{"class":67},[57,44891,44892,44894,44896,44898,44900,44902],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,44893,64],{"class":63},[57,44895,68],{"class":67},[57,44897,1315],{"class":990},[57,44899,68],{"class":67},[57,44901,310],{"class":238},[57,44903,84],{"class":67},[15,44905,131],{},[48,44907,44909],{"className":50,"code":44908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[19,44910,44911,44915,44919,44933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44912,44913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44914,791],{"class":80},[57,44916,44917],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44918,791],{"class":80},[57,44920,44921,44923,44925,44927,44929,44931],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,44922,1384],{"class":76},[57,44924,1387],{"class":125},[57,44926,1390],{"class":938},[57,44928,1541],{"class":942},[57,44930,1395],{"class":938},[57,44932,1398],{"class":76},[57,44934,44935,44937,44939,44941,44943,44945],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,44936,1384],{"class":76},[57,44938,1387],{"class":125},[57,44940,1390],{"class":938},[57,44942,255],{"class":942},[57,44944,1395],{"class":938},[57,44946,1398],{"class":76},[15,44948,44949,44950,44952],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[19,44951,964],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[43,44954,221],{"id":220},[48,44956,44958],{"className":50,"code":44957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[19,44959,44960,44970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44961,44962,44964,44966,44968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44963,255],{"class":990},[57,44965,68],{"class":67},[57,44967,239],{"class":238},[57,44969,242],{"class":67},[57,44971,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980,44983],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,44973,255],{"class":990},[57,44975,68],{"class":67},[57,44977,239],{"class":238},[57,44979,1081],{"class":67},[57,44981,44982],{"class":238}," base",[57,44984,242],{"class":67},[616,44986,44988],{"id":44987},"intx",[19,44989,44990],{},"int(x)",[15,44992,44993],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[27,44995,44996,45001,45006],{},[30,44997,44998,44999],{},"a string such as ",[19,45000,40291],{},[30,45002,45003,45004],{},"a float such as ",[19,45005,40149],{},[30,45007,45008,45009],{},"a boolean such as ",[19,45010,1709],{},[15,45012,275],{},[48,45014,45016],{"className":50,"code":45015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[19,45017,45018,45036,45051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45019,45020,45022,45024,45026,45028,45030,45032,45034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45021,64],{"class":63},[57,45023,68],{"class":67},[57,45025,255],{"class":990},[57,45027,68],{"class":67},[57,45029,939],{"class":938},[57,45031,407],{"class":942},[57,45033,939],{"class":938},[57,45035,84],{"class":67},[57,45037,45038,45040,45042,45044,45046,45049],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45039,64],{"class":63},[57,45041,68],{"class":67},[57,45043,255],{"class":990},[57,45045,68],{"class":67},[57,45047,45048],{"class":80},"8.7",[57,45050,84],{"class":67},[57,45052,45053,45055,45057,45059,45061,45063],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45054,64],{"class":63},[57,45056,68],{"class":67},[57,45058,255],{"class":990},[57,45060,68],{"class":67},[57,45062,1709],{"class":1965},[57,45064,84],{"class":67},[15,45066,131],{},[48,45068,45070],{"className":50,"code":45069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n1\n",[19,45071,45072,45076,45080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45073,45074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45075,453],{"class":80},[57,45077,45078],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45079,458],{"class":80},[57,45081,45082],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45083,45084],{"class":80},"1\n",[616,45086,45088],{"id":45087},"intx-base",[19,45089,45090],{},"int(x, base)",[15,45092,45093,45094,45096],{},"Use this form when ",[19,45095,239],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[15,45098,45099],{},"Common bases:",[27,45101,45102,45107,45112],{},[30,45103,45104,45106],{},[19,45105,116],{}," for binary",[30,45108,45109,45111],{},[19,45110,422],{}," for octal",[30,45113,45114,45117],{},[19,45115,45116],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[15,45119,275],{},[48,45121,45123],{"className":50,"code":45122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[19,45124,45125,45147,45170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45126,45127,45129,45131,45133,45135,45137,45139,45141,45143,45145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45128,64],{"class":63},[57,45130,68],{"class":67},[57,45132,255],{"class":990},[57,45134,68],{"class":67},[57,45136,939],{"class":938},[57,45138,44759],{"class":942},[57,45140,939],{"class":938},[57,45142,1081],{"class":67},[57,45144,1084],{"class":80},[57,45146,84],{"class":67},[57,45148,45149,45151,45153,45155,45157,45159,45162,45164,45166,45168],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45150,64],{"class":63},[57,45152,68],{"class":67},[57,45154,255],{"class":990},[57,45156,68],{"class":67},[57,45158,939],{"class":938},[57,45160,45161],{"class":942},"17",[57,45163,939],{"class":938},[57,45165,1081],{"class":67},[57,45167,4486],{"class":80},[57,45169,84],{"class":67},[57,45171,45172,45174,45176,45178,45180,45182,45185,45187,45189,45191],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45173,64],{"class":63},[57,45175,68],{"class":67},[57,45177,255],{"class":990},[57,45179,68],{"class":67},[57,45181,939],{"class":938},[57,45183,45184],{"class":942},"1A",[57,45186,939],{"class":938},[57,45188,1081],{"class":67},[57,45190,12134],{"class":80},[57,45192,84],{"class":67},[15,45194,131],{},[48,45196,45198],{"className":50,"code":45197,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n15\n26\n",[19,45199,45200,45204,45209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45201,45202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45203,1036],{"class":80},[57,45205,45206],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45207,45208],{"class":80},"15\n",[57,45210,45211],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45212,45213],{"class":80},"26\n",[15,45215,45216,45217,498],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[373,45218,45219,379],{"href":968},[19,45220,971],{},[43,45222,6551,45224,45226],{"id":45223},"using-int-with-strings",[19,45225,964],{}," with strings",[15,45228,45229,45231],{},[19,45230,964],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[15,45233,45234],{},"Examples that work:",[48,45236,45238],{"className":50,"code":45237,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[19,45239,45240,45258,45276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45241,45242,45244,45246,45248,45250,45252,45254,45256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45243,64],{"class":63},[57,45245,68],{"class":67},[57,45247,255],{"class":990},[57,45249,68],{"class":67},[57,45251,939],{"class":938},[57,45253,199],{"class":942},[57,45255,939],{"class":938},[57,45257,84],{"class":67},[57,45259,45260,45262,45264,45266,45268,45270,45272,45274],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45261,64],{"class":63},[57,45263,68],{"class":67},[57,45265,255],{"class":990},[57,45267,68],{"class":67},[57,45269,939],{"class":938},[57,45271,367],{"class":942},[57,45273,939],{"class":938},[57,45275,84],{"class":67},[57,45277,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288,45291,45293],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45279,64],{"class":63},[57,45281,68],{"class":67},[57,45283,255],{"class":990},[57,45285,68],{"class":67},[57,45287,939],{"class":938},[57,45289,45290],{"class":942},"  42  ",[57,45292,939],{"class":938},[57,45294,84],{"class":67},[15,45296,131],{},[48,45298,45300],{"className":50,"code":45299,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n-12\n42\n",[19,45301,45302,45306,45312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45303,45304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45305,1036],{"class":80},[57,45307,45308,45310],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45309,77],{"class":76},[57,45311,295],{"class":80},[57,45313,45314],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45315,44779],{"class":80},[15,45317,45318],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[15,45320,45321],{},"Examples that fail:",[48,45323,45325],{"className":50,"code":45324,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[19,45326,45327,45332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45328,45329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45330,45331],{"class":1772},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[57,45333,45334],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45335,45336],{"class":1772},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,45338,45339,45340,45342],{},"These raise ",[19,45341,38868],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[616,45344,45346],{"id":45345},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[48,45348,45350],{"className":50,"code":45349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[19,45351,45352,45370,45389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45353,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366,45368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45355,64],{"class":63},[57,45357,68],{"class":67},[57,45359,255],{"class":990},[57,45361,68],{"class":67},[57,45363,939],{"class":938},[57,45365,182],{"class":942},[57,45367,939],{"class":938},[57,45369,84],{"class":67},[57,45371,45372,45374,45376,45378,45380,45382,45385,45387],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45373,64],{"class":63},[57,45375,68],{"class":67},[57,45377,255],{"class":990},[57,45379,68],{"class":67},[57,45381,939],{"class":938},[57,45383,45384],{"class":942},"+7",[57,45386,939],{"class":938},[57,45388,84],{"class":67},[57,45390,45391,45393,45395,45397,45399,45401,45404,45406],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45392,64],{"class":63},[57,45394,68],{"class":67},[57,45396,255],{"class":990},[57,45398,68],{"class":67},[57,45400,939],{"class":938},[57,45402,45403],{"class":942},"-100",[57,45405,939],{"class":938},[57,45407,84],{"class":67},[15,45409,131],{},[48,45411,45413],{"className":50,"code":45412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n7\n-100\n",[19,45414,45415,45420,45424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45416,45417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45418,45419],{"class":80},"0\n",[57,45421,45422],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45423,141],{"class":80},[57,45425,45426,45428],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45427,77],{"class":76},[57,45429,45430],{"class":80},"100\n",[616,45432,45434],{"id":45433},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[48,45436,45438],{"className":50,"code":45437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[19,45439,45440,45478,45482,45494,45501,45516,45531],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45441,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45461,45463,45465,45467,45469,45471,45474,45476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45443,1935],{"class":285},[57,45445,289],{"class":76},[57,45447,1729],{"class":67},[57,45449,939],{"class":938},[57,45451,38307],{"class":942},[57,45453,939],{"class":938},[57,45455,1081],{"class":67},[57,45457,1449],{"class":938},[57,45459,45460],{"class":942},"12abc",[57,45462,939],{"class":938},[57,45464,1081],{"class":67},[57,45466,4252],{"class":938},[57,45468,1081],{"class":67},[57,45470,1449],{"class":938},[57,45472,45473],{"class":942},"seven",[57,45475,939],{"class":938},[57,45477,1742],{"class":67},[57,45479,45480],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45481,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,45483,45484,45486,45488,45490,45492],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45485,4083],{"class":1990},[57,45487,19736],{"class":285},[57,45489,1997],{"class":1990},[57,45491,2000],{"class":285},[57,45493,4520],{"class":67},[57,45495,45496,45499],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,45497,45498],{"class":1990},"    try",[57,45500,4520],{"class":67},[57,45502,45503,45506,45508,45510,45512,45514],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,45504,45505],{"class":63},"        print",[57,45507,68],{"class":67},[57,45509,255],{"class":990},[57,45511,68],{"class":67},[57,45513,552],{"class":238},[57,45515,84],{"class":67},[57,45517,45518,45521,45523,45526,45529],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,45519,45520],{"class":1990},"    except",[57,45522,40091],{"class":990},[57,45524,45525],{"class":1990}," as",[57,45527,45528],{"class":285}," error",[57,45530,4520],{"class":67},[57,45532,45533,45535,45537,45539,45541,45543,45545,45548,45550,45553,45555,45558,45560,45562],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,45534,45505],{"class":63},[57,45536,68],{"class":67},[57,45538,20446],{"class":125},[57,45540,939],{"class":942},[57,45542,7415],{"class":80},[57,45544,552],{"class":238},[57,45546,45547],{"class":125},"!r",[57,45549,20455],{"class":80},[57,45551,45552],{"class":942}," -> ",[57,45554,7415],{"class":80},[57,45556,45557],{"class":238},"error",[57,45559,20455],{"class":80},[57,45561,939],{"class":942},[57,45563,242],{"class":67},[15,45565,131],{},[48,45567,45569],{"className":50,"code":45568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[19,45570,45571,45607,45639,45664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45572,45573,45575,45577,45579,45582,45585,45587,45589,45591,45594,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45574,1395],{"class":41494},[57,45576,38307],{"class":41498},[57,45578,1395],{"class":41494},[57,45580,45581],{"class":35529}," ->",[57,45583,45584],{"class":285}," invalid literal ",[57,45586,4083],{"class":1990},[57,45588,43443],{"class":990},[57,45590,5495],{"class":67},[57,45592,45593],{"class":1990}," with",[57,45595,45596],{"class":285}," base ",[57,45598,407],{"class":80},[57,45600,972],{"class":67},[57,45602,1390],{"class":938},[57,45604,38307],{"class":942},[57,45606,27855],{"class":938},[57,45608,45609,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621,45623,45625,45627,45629,45631,45633,45635,45637],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45610,1395],{"class":938},[57,45612,45460],{"class":942},[57,45614,1395],{"class":938},[57,45616,45581],{"class":35529},[57,45618,45584],{"class":285},[57,45620,4083],{"class":1990},[57,45622,43443],{"class":990},[57,45624,5495],{"class":67},[57,45626,45593],{"class":1990},[57,45628,45596],{"class":285},[57,45630,407],{"class":80},[57,45632,972],{"class":67},[57,45634,1390],{"class":938},[57,45636,45460],{"class":942},[57,45638,27855],{"class":938},[57,45640,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653,45655,45657,45659,45661],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45642,1885],{"class":938},[57,45644,45581],{"class":35529},[57,45646,45584],{"class":285},[57,45648,4083],{"class":1990},[57,45650,43443],{"class":990},[57,45652,5495],{"class":67},[57,45654,45593],{"class":1990},[57,45656,45596],{"class":285},[57,45658,407],{"class":80},[57,45660,972],{"class":67},[57,45662,45663],{"class":938}," ''\n",[57,45665,45666,45668,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,45667,1395],{"class":938},[57,45669,45473],{"class":942},[57,45671,1395],{"class":938},[57,45673,45581],{"class":35529},[57,45675,45584],{"class":285},[57,45677,4083],{"class":1990},[57,45679,43443],{"class":990},[57,45681,5495],{"class":67},[57,45683,45593],{"class":1990},[57,45685,45596],{"class":285},[57,45687,407],{"class":80},[57,45689,972],{"class":67},[57,45691,1390],{"class":938},[57,45693,45473],{"class":942},[57,45695,27855],{"class":938},[15,45697,45698,45699,45701,45702,498],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[373,45700,7117],{"href":7116}," and the ",[373,45703,45704,379],{"href":6352},[19,45705,1047],{},[43,45707,6551,45709,45711],{"id":45708},"using-int-with-floats",[19,45710,964],{}," with floats",[15,45713,45714,45715,45717],{},"When you pass a float to ",[19,45716,964],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[15,45719,45720,45721,12200,45723,45725],{},"Important: ",[19,45722,964],{},[1854,45724,2750],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[48,45727,45729],{"className":50,"code":45728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[19,45730,45731,45745,45760,45776],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45732,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45734,64],{"class":63},[57,45736,68],{"class":67},[57,45738,255],{"class":990},[57,45740,68],{"class":67},[57,45742,40149],{"class":80},[57,45744,84],{"class":67},[57,45746,45747,45749,45751,45753,45755,45758],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45748,64],{"class":63},[57,45750,68],{"class":67},[57,45752,255],{"class":990},[57,45754,68],{"class":67},[57,45756,45757],{"class":80},"3.1",[57,45759,84],{"class":67},[57,45761,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772,45774],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45763,64],{"class":63},[57,45765,68],{"class":67},[57,45767,255],{"class":990},[57,45769,68],{"class":67},[57,45771,77],{"class":76},[57,45773,40149],{"class":80},[57,45775,84],{"class":67},[57,45777,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,45779,64],{"class":63},[57,45781,68],{"class":67},[57,45783,255],{"class":990},[57,45785,68],{"class":67},[57,45787,77],{"class":76},[57,45789,45757],{"class":80},[57,45791,84],{"class":67},[15,45793,131],{},[48,45795,45797],{"className":50,"code":45796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[19,45798,45799,45803,45807,45813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45800,45801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45802,44784],{"class":80},[57,45804,45805],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45806,44784],{"class":80},[57,45808,45809,45811],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45810,77],{"class":76},[57,45812,44784],{"class":80},[57,45814,45815,45817],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,45816,77],{"class":76},[57,45818,44784],{"class":80},[15,45820,45821],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[27,45823,45824,45831],{},[30,45825,45826,40320,45829],{},[19,45827,45828],{},"int(3.9)",[19,45830,122],{},[30,45832,45833,40320,45836],{},[19,45834,45835],{},"int(-3.9)",[19,45837,45838],{},"-3",[15,45840,45841,45842,45846,45847,498],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[373,45843,45844],{"href":968},[19,45845,971],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[373,45848,45849],{"href":40340},[19,45850,45851],{},"str()",[43,45853,6551,45855,45857],{"id":45854},"using-int-with-booleans",[19,45856,964],{}," with booleans",[15,45859,45860],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[48,45862,45864],{"className":50,"code":45863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[19,45865,45866,45880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45867,45868,45870,45872,45874,45876,45878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45869,64],{"class":63},[57,45871,68],{"class":67},[57,45873,255],{"class":990},[57,45875,68],{"class":67},[57,45877,1709],{"class":1965},[57,45879,84],{"class":67},[57,45881,45882,45884,45886,45888,45890,45892],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45883,64],{"class":63},[57,45885,68],{"class":67},[57,45887,255],{"class":990},[57,45889,68],{"class":67},[57,45891,1783],{"class":1965},[57,45893,84],{"class":67},[15,45895,131],{},[48,45897,45899],{"className":50,"code":45898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n0\n",[19,45900,45901,45905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45902,45903],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45904,45084],{"class":80},[57,45906,45907],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45908,45419],{"class":80},[15,45910,45911],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[48,45913,45915],{"className":50,"code":45914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[19,45916,45917,45926,45941,45945],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45918,45919,45922,45924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45920,45921],{"class":285},"passed ",[57,45923,289],{"class":76},[57,45925,4550],{"class":1965},[57,45927,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936,45939],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,45929,39347],{"class":285},[57,45931,289],{"class":76},[57,45933,43443],{"class":990},[57,45935,68],{"class":67},[57,45937,45938],{"class":238},"passed",[57,45940,242],{"class":67},[57,45942,45943],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,45944,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,45946,45947,45949,45951,45953],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,45948,64],{"class":63},[57,45950,68],{"class":67},[57,45952,39376],{"class":238},[57,45954,242],{"class":67},[15,45956,131],{},[48,45958,45959],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,45960,45961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45962,45963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45964,45084],{"class":80},[15,45966,45967,45968,498],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[373,45969,45970,379],{"href":3905},[19,45971,1925],{},[43,45973,45975],{"id":45974},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[15,45977,45978,45979,45982],{},"Use the ",[19,45980,45981],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[616,45984,45986],{"id":45985},"binary-example","Binary example",[48,45988,45990],{"className":50,"code":45989,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[19,45991,45992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45993,45994,45996,45998,46000,46002,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45995,64],{"class":63},[57,45997,68],{"class":67},[57,45999,255],{"class":990},[57,46001,68],{"class":67},[57,46003,939],{"class":938},[57,46005,44759],{"class":942},[57,46007,939],{"class":938},[57,46009,1081],{"class":67},[57,46011,1084],{"class":80},[57,46013,84],{"class":67},[15,46015,131],{},[48,46017,46018],{"className":50,"code":1036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,46019,46020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46021,46022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46023,1036],{"class":80},[15,46025,46026,46029],{},[19,46027,46028],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[27,46031,46032,46037,46042],{},[30,46033,46034],{},[19,46035,46036],{},"1 × 4",[30,46038,46039],{},[19,46040,46041],{},"0 × 2",[30,46043,46044],{},[19,46045,46046],{},"1 × 1",[15,46048,46049,46050,498],{},"So the result is ",[19,46051,199],{},[616,46053,46055],{"id":46054},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[48,46057,46059],{"className":50,"code":46058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[19,46060,46061],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46062,46063,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46064,64],{"class":63},[57,46066,68],{"class":67},[57,46068,255],{"class":990},[57,46070,68],{"class":67},[57,46072,939],{"class":938},[57,46074,45184],{"class":942},[57,46076,939],{"class":938},[57,46078,1081],{"class":67},[57,46080,12134],{"class":80},[57,46082,84],{"class":67},[15,46084,131],{},[48,46086,46087],{"className":50,"code":45213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,46088,46089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46090,46091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46092,45213],{"class":80},[616,46094,46096],{"id":46095},"important-rule","Important rule",[15,46098,17,46099,46101],{},[19,46100,45981],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[15,46103,46104],{},"Good:",[48,46106,46107],{"className":50,"code":45989,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,46108,46109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46110,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46112,64],{"class":63},[57,46114,68],{"class":67},[57,46116,255],{"class":990},[57,46118,68],{"class":67},[57,46120,939],{"class":938},[57,46122,44759],{"class":942},[57,46124,939],{"class":938},[57,46126,1081],{"class":67},[57,46128,1084],{"class":80},[57,46130,84],{"class":67},[15,46132,46133],{},"Not correct:",[48,46135,46137],{"className":50,"code":46136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(101, 2)\n",[19,46138,46139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46140,46141],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46142,46136],{"class":1772},[15,46144,46145,46146,6736,46148,46150],{},"That causes a ",[19,46147,1097],{},[19,46149,45981],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[43,46152,46154],{"id":46153},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[15,46156,46157,46158,46160,46161,2511,46163,498],{},"Two common errors with ",[19,46159,964],{}," are ",[19,46162,38868],{},[19,46164,1097],{},[616,46166,46167],{"id":39678},[19,46168,38868],{},[15,46170,46171],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[15,46173,275],{},[48,46175,46177],{"className":50,"code":46176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[19,46178,46179,46185,46203,46215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46180,46181,46183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46182,27959],{"class":1990},[57,46184,4520],{"class":67},[57,46186,46187,46189,46191,46193,46195,46197,46199,46201],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,46188,6201],{"class":63},[57,46190,68],{"class":67},[57,46192,255],{"class":990},[57,46194,68],{"class":67},[57,46196,939],{"class":938},[57,46198,38307],{"class":942},[57,46200,939],{"class":938},[57,46202,84],{"class":67},[57,46204,46205,46207,46209,46211,46213],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,46206,27990],{"class":1990},[57,46208,40091],{"class":990},[57,46210,45525],{"class":1990},[57,46212,45528],{"class":285},[57,46214,4520],{"class":67},[57,46216,46217,46219,46221,46223],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,46218,6201],{"class":63},[57,46220,68],{"class":67},[57,46222,45557],{"class":238},[57,46224,242],{"class":67},[15,46226,131],{},[48,46228,46230],{"className":50,"code":46229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[19,46231,46232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46233,46234,46237,46239,46241,46243,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46235,46236],{"class":285},"invalid literal ",[57,46238,4083],{"class":1990},[57,46240,43443],{"class":990},[57,46242,5495],{"class":67},[57,46244,45593],{"class":1990},[57,46246,45596],{"class":285},[57,46248,407],{"class":80},[57,46250,972],{"class":67},[57,46252,1390],{"class":938},[57,46254,38307],{"class":942},[57,46256,27855],{"class":938},[15,46258,46259,46260,46263,46264,46266],{},"A decimal string like ",[19,46261,46262],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[19,46265,964],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[48,46268,46270],{"className":50,"code":46269,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[19,46271,46272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46273,46274,46276,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46288,46290,46292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46275,64],{"class":63},[57,46277,68],{"class":67},[57,46279,255],{"class":990},[57,46281,68],{"class":67},[57,46283,259],{"class":990},[57,46285,68],{"class":67},[57,46287,939],{"class":938},[57,46289,38307],{"class":942},[57,46291,939],{"class":938},[57,46293,1001],{"class":67},[15,46295,131],{},[48,46297,46298],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,46299,46300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46301,46302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46303,44784],{"class":80},[15,46305,46306,46307,2511,46310,498],{},"If you see this often, read ",[373,46308,46309],{"href":1051},"how to convert string to int in Python",[373,46311,23833,46312],{"href":44083},[19,46313,44084],{},[616,46315,46316],{"id":39744},[19,46317,1097],{},[15,46319,46320],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[15,46322,275],{},[48,46324,46326],{"className":50,"code":46325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[19,46327,46328,46334,46348,46361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46329,46330,46332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46331,27959],{"class":1990},[57,46333,4520],{"class":67},[57,46335,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,46337,6201],{"class":63},[57,46339,68],{"class":67},[57,46341,255],{"class":990},[57,46343,68],{"class":67},[57,46345,1890],{"class":1965},[57,46347,84],{"class":67},[57,46349,46350,46352,46355,46357,46359],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,46351,27990],{"class":1990},[57,46353,46354],{"class":990}," TypeError",[57,46356,45525],{"class":1990},[57,46358,45528],{"class":285},[57,46360,4520],{"class":67},[57,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,46364,6201],{"class":63},[57,46366,68],{"class":67},[57,46368,45557],{"class":238},[57,46370,242],{"class":67},[15,46372,131],{},[48,46374,46376],{"className":50,"code":46375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[19,46377,46378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46379,46380,46382,46384,46387,46389,46391,46394,46396,46399,46401,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412,46415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46381,255],{"class":990},[57,46383,5495],{"class":67},[57,46385,46386],{"class":285}," argument must be a string",[57,46388,1081],{"class":67},[57,46390,42711],{"class":285},[57,46392,46393],{"class":990},"bytes",[57,46395,77],{"class":76},[57,46397,46398],{"class":285},"like ",[57,46400,40564],{"class":990},[57,46402,46403],{"class":76}," or",[57,46405,39004],{"class":285},[57,46407,1081],{"class":67},[57,46409,6232],{"class":76},[57,46411,1390],{"class":938},[57,46413,46414],{"class":942},"NoneType",[57,46416,27855],{"class":938},[15,46418,46419,46420,46422],{},"Another example is using the ",[19,46421,45981],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[48,46424,46426],{"className":50,"code":46425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[19,46427,46428,46434,46452,46464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46429,46430,46432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46431,27959],{"class":1990},[57,46433,4520],{"class":67},[57,46435,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446,46448,46450],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,46437,6201],{"class":63},[57,46439,68],{"class":67},[57,46441,255],{"class":990},[57,46443,68],{"class":67},[57,46445,44759],{"class":80},[57,46447,1081],{"class":67},[57,46449,1084],{"class":80},[57,46451,84],{"class":67},[57,46453,46454,46456,46458,46460,46462],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,46455,27990],{"class":1990},[57,46457,46354],{"class":990},[57,46459,45525],{"class":1990},[57,46461,45528],{"class":285},[57,46463,4520],{"class":67},[57,46465,46466,46468,46470,46472],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,46467,6201],{"class":63},[57,46469,68],{"class":67},[57,46471,45557],{"class":238},[57,46473,242],{"class":67},[15,46475,131],{},[48,46477,46479],{"className":50,"code":46478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[19,46480,46481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46482,46483,46485,46487,46490,46492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46484,255],{"class":990},[57,46486,5495],{"class":67},[57,46488,46489],{"class":285}," can",[57,46491,1395],{"class":938},[57,46493,46494],{"class":942},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[43,46496,3082,46498],{"id":46497},"when-to-use-int",[19,46499,964],{},[15,46501,154,46502,46504],{},[19,46503,964],{}," when you need a whole number.",[15,46506,46507],{},"Common uses:",[27,46509,46510,46516,46519,46522],{},[30,46511,46512,46513,46515],{},"Convert user input from ",[19,46514,1047],{}," into integers",[30,46517,46518],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[30,46520,46521],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[30,46523,46524,46525,34777],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[19,46526,45981],{},[15,46528,46529],{},"Example with user input:",[48,46531,46533],{"className":50,"code":46532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[19,46534,46535,46549,46564,46568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46536,46537,46540,46542,46544,46547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46538,46539],{"class":285},"age_text ",[57,46541,289],{"class":76},[57,46543,1449],{"class":938},[57,46545,46546],{"class":942},"18",[57,46548,1455],{"class":938},[57,46550,46551,46553,46555,46557,46559,46562],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,46552,19780],{"class":285},[57,46554,289],{"class":76},[57,46556,43443],{"class":990},[57,46558,68],{"class":67},[57,46560,46561],{"class":238},"age_text",[57,46563,242],{"class":67},[57,46565,46566],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,46567,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,46569,46570,46572,46574,46576,46578,46580],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,46571,64],{"class":63},[57,46573,68],{"class":67},[57,46575,19780],{"class":238},[57,46577,119],{"class":76},[57,46579,3622],{"class":80},[57,46581,242],{"class":67},[15,46583,131],{},[48,46585,46587],{"className":50,"code":46586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19\n",[19,46588,46589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46590,46591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46592,46586],{"class":80},[43,46594,913],{"id":912},[15,46596,12880,46597,498],{},[19,46598,964],{},[616,46600,46602],{"id":46601},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[15,46604,46605],{},"This fails:",[48,46607,46609],{"className":50,"code":46608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[19,46610,46611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46612,46613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46614,46608],{"class":1772},[15,46616,46617,46618,46621],{},"Why: ",[19,46619,46620],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[15,46623,16991],{},[48,46625,46627],{"className":50,"code":46626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[19,46628,46629],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46630,46631,46633,46635,46637,46639,46641,46643,46645,46647,46649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46632,64],{"class":63},[57,46634,68],{"class":67},[57,46636,255],{"class":990},[57,46638,68],{"class":67},[57,46640,259],{"class":990},[57,46642,68],{"class":67},[57,46644,939],{"class":938},[57,46646,39288],{"class":942},[57,46648,939],{"class":938},[57,46650,1001],{"class":67},[616,46652,46654],{"id":46653},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[15,46656,46605],{},[48,46658,46660],{"className":50,"code":46659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[19,46661,46662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46663,46664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46665,46659],{"class":1772},[15,46667,46668],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[616,46670,46672,46673],{"id":46671},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[19,46674,46675],{},"int(None)",[15,46677,46678,46679,46681],{},"This fails because ",[19,46680,1890],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[48,46683,46685],{"className":50,"code":46684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[19,46686,46687,46696,46700,46706,46720,46732],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46688,46689,46691,46693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46690,525],{"class":285},[57,46692,289],{"class":76},[57,46694,46695],{"class":1965}," None\n",[57,46697,46698],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,46699,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,46701,46702,46704],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,46703,27959],{"class":1990},[57,46705,4520],{"class":67},[57,46707,46708,46710,46712,46714,46716,46718],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,46709,6201],{"class":63},[57,46711,68],{"class":67},[57,46713,255],{"class":990},[57,46715,68],{"class":67},[57,46717,552],{"class":238},[57,46719,84],{"class":67},[57,46721,46722,46724,46726,46728,46730],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,46723,27990],{"class":1990},[57,46725,46354],{"class":990},[57,46727,45525],{"class":1990},[57,46729,45528],{"class":285},[57,46731,4520],{"class":67},[57,46733,46734,46736,46738,46740],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,46735,6201],{"class":63},[57,46737,68],{"class":67},[57,46739,45557],{"class":238},[57,46741,242],{"class":67},[616,46743,46745],{"id":46744},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[15,46747,46605],{},[48,46749,46750],{"className":50,"code":46136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,46751,46752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46753,46754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46755,46136],{"class":1772},[15,46757,46758],{},"Use a string instead:",[48,46760,46761],{"className":50,"code":45989,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,46762,46763],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46764,46765,46767,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777,46779,46781,46783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46766,64],{"class":63},[57,46768,68],{"class":67},[57,46770,255],{"class":990},[57,46772,68],{"class":67},[57,46774,939],{"class":938},[57,46776,44759],{"class":942},[57,46778,939],{"class":938},[57,46780,1081],{"class":67},[57,46782,1084],{"class":80},[57,46784,84],{"class":67},[616,46786,6587,46788,46790],{"id":46787},"expecting-int-to-round",[19,46789,964],{}," to round",[15,46792,46793],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[48,46795,46797],{"className":50,"code":46796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(4.9))\n",[19,46798,46799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46800,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46802,64],{"class":63},[57,46804,68],{"class":67},[57,46806,255],{"class":990},[57,46808,68],{"class":67},[57,46810,46811],{"class":80},"4.9",[57,46813,84],{"class":67},[15,46815,131],{},[48,46817,46819],{"className":50,"code":46818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n",[19,46820,46821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46822,46823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46824,46818],{"class":80},[15,46826,1262,46827,46829,46830,46832],{},[19,46828,199],{},", remember that ",[19,46831,964],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[43,46834,1554],{"id":1553},[616,46836,10848,46838,46840],{"id":46837},"does-int-round-numbers",[19,46839,964],{}," round numbers?",[15,46842,44532,46843,46845],{},[19,46844,964],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[616,46847,3280,46849,46852],{"id":46848},"why-does-int314-fail",[19,46850,46851],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[15,46854,27216,46855,46857,46858,46860,46861,38093],{},[19,46856,46262],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[19,46859,971],{}," first, then use ",[19,46862,964],{},[616,46864,3264,46866,10860],{"id":46865},"what-does-inttrue-return",[19,46867,46868],{},"int(True)",[15,46870,3270,46871,26468,46873,40320,46875,498],{},[19,46872,1078],{},[19,46874,1783],{},[19,46876,182],{},[616,46878,46880],{"id":46879},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[15,46882,46883],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[43,46885,1602],{"id":1601},[27,46887,46888,46894,46900,46906,46911,46915,46921],{},[30,46889,46890],{},[373,46891,46892,1611],{"href":968},[19,46893,971],{},[30,46895,46896],{},[373,46897,46898,1611],{"href":40340},[19,46899,45851],{},[30,46901,46902],{},[373,46903,46904,1611],{"href":3905},[19,46905,1925],{},[30,46907,46908],{},[373,46909,46910],{"href":1051},"How to convert string to int in Python",[30,46912,46913],{},[373,46914,7194],{"href":7116},[30,46916,46917],{},[373,46918,46919,1611],{"href":6352},[19,46920,1047],{},[30,46922,46923],{},[373,46924,28503,46925],{"href":44083},[19,46926,44084],{},[1634,46928,46929],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":46931},[46932,46933,46935,46939,46944,46946,46948,46953,46957,46959,46968,46977],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":44796,"depth":87,"text":46934},"What int() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":46936},[46937,46938],{"id":44987,"depth":103,"text":44990},{"id":45087,"depth":103,"text":45090},{"id":45223,"depth":87,"text":46940,"children":46941},"Using int() with strings",[46942,46943],{"id":45345,"depth":103,"text":45346},{"id":45433,"depth":103,"text":45434},{"id":45708,"depth":87,"text":46945},"Using int() with floats",{"id":45854,"depth":87,"text":46947},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":45974,"depth":87,"text":45975,"children":46949},[46950,46951,46952],{"id":45985,"depth":103,"text":45986},{"id":46054,"depth":103,"text":46055},{"id":46095,"depth":103,"text":46096},{"id":46153,"depth":87,"text":46154,"children":46954},[46955,46956],{"id":39678,"depth":103,"text":38868},{"id":39744,"depth":103,"text":1097},{"id":46497,"depth":87,"text":46958},"When to use int()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":46960},[46961,46962,46963,46965,46966],{"id":46601,"depth":103,"text":46602},{"id":46653,"depth":103,"text":46654},{"id":46671,"depth":103,"text":46964},"Trying int(None)",{"id":46744,"depth":103,"text":46745},{"id":46787,"depth":103,"text":46967},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":46969},[46970,46972,46974,46976],{"id":46837,"depth":103,"text":46971},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":46848,"depth":103,"text":46973},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":46865,"depth":103,"text":46975},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":46879,"depth":103,"text":46880},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":40261,"description":46978},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":46985,"title":46986,"body":46987,"description":48823,"extension":1666,"meta":48824,"navigation":317,"path":42969,"seo":48825,"stem":48826,"__hash__":48827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":46988,"toc":48779},[46989,46994,46999,47007,47016,47018,47077,47083,47088,47093,47096,47124,47127,47130,47141,47151,47153,47155,47175,47179,47207,47209,47248,47250,47258,47260,47263,47267,47320,47322,47334,47338,47395,47397,47409,47415,47421,47425,47428,47431,47497,47499,47511,47517,47519,47571,47574,47615,47618,47625,47634,47640,47643,47676,47682,47685,47716,47722,47725,47737,47741,47746,47750,47908,47910,47925,47928,47932,48036,48038,48055,48059,48120,48122,48130,48133,48137,48204,48206,48215,48221,48223,48232,48234,48269,48274,48276,48306,48310,48312,48349,48352,48354,48391,48397,48399,48449,48451,48459,48469,48475,48479,48484,48533,48535,48548,48551,48553,48556,48631,48634,48653,48656,48686,48696,48698,48703,48710,48716,48722,48729,48737,48743,48746,48748,48776],[11,46990,1680,46992,1684],{"id":46991},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[19,46993,42972],{},[15,46995,46996,46998],{},[19,46997,42972],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[15,47000,47001,47002,965,47004,47006],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[19,47003,1709],{},[19,47005,1783],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[15,47008,47009,47010,47012,47013,47015],{},"In many cases, ",[19,47011,42972],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[19,47014,378],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[43,47017,1714],{"id":1713},[48,47019,47021],{"className":50,"code":47020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[19,47022,47023,47031,47035,47056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47024,47025,47027,47029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47026,525],{"class":285},[57,47028,289],{"class":76},[57,47030,669],{"class":80},[57,47032,47033],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47034,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47036,47037,47039,47041,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47038,64],{"class":63},[57,47040,68],{"class":67},[57,47042,47043],{"class":63},"isinstance",[57,47045,68],{"class":67},[57,47047,552],{"class":238},[57,47049,1081],{"class":67},[57,47051,43443],{"class":990},[57,47053,3485],{"class":67},[57,47055,42021],{"class":1772},[57,47057,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070,47073,47075],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,47059,64],{"class":63},[57,47061,68],{"class":67},[57,47063,47043],{"class":63},[57,47065,68],{"class":67},[57,47067,552],{"class":238},[57,47069,1081],{"class":67},[57,47071,47072],{"class":990}," str",[57,47074,3485],{"class":67},[57,47076,42038],{"class":1772},[15,47078,154,47079,47082],{},[19,47080,47081],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[43,47084,1787,47086,1790],{"id":47085},"what-isinstance-does",[19,47087,42972],{},[15,47089,47090,47092],{},[19,47091,42972],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[15,47094,47095],{},"It:",[27,47097,47098,47101,47107,47110],{},[30,47099,47100],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[30,47102,9565,47103,965,47105],{},[19,47104,1709],{},[19,47106,1783],{},[30,47108,47109],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[30,47111,47112,47113,256,47115,256,47117,256,47119,15221,47122],{},"Is commonly used with ",[19,47114,1541],{},[19,47116,255],{},[19,47118,6226],{},[19,47120,47121],{},"tuple",[19,47123,6957],{},[15,47125,47126],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[15,47128,47129],{},"For example, you might want to:",[27,47131,47132,47135,47138],{},[30,47133,47134],{},"loop through a list",[30,47136,47137],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[30,47139,47140],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[15,47142,47143,47144,965,47147,498],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[373,47145,42964],{"href":47146},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[373,47148,47150],{"href":47149},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[43,47152,221],{"id":220},[15,47154,224],{},[48,47156,47158],{"className":50,"code":47157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[19,47159,47160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47161,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47163,47043],{"class":63},[57,47165,68],{"class":67},[57,47167,40564],{"class":990},[57,47169,1081],{"class":67},[57,47171,47172],{"class":238}," classinfo",[57,47174,242],{"class":67},[616,47176,47178],{"id":47177},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[27,47180,47181,47186,47200],{},[30,47182,47183,47185],{},[19,47184,40564],{}," is the value you want to test",[30,47187,47188,47191,47192,256,47194,256,47196,260,47198],{},[19,47189,47190],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[19,47193,255],{},[19,47195,1541],{},[19,47197,6226],{},[19,47199,6957],{},[30,47201,47202,47203,965,47205],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[19,47204,1709],{},[19,47206,1783],{},[15,47208,275],{},[48,47210,47212],{"className":50,"code":47211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[19,47213,47214,47226,47230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47215,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47217,6008],{"class":285},[57,47219,289],{"class":76},[57,47221,1449],{"class":938},[57,47223,9651],{"class":942},[57,47225,1455],{"class":938},[57,47227,47228],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47229,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47231,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47233,64],{"class":63},[57,47235,68],{"class":67},[57,47237,47043],{"class":63},[57,47239,68],{"class":67},[57,47241,5798],{"class":238},[57,47243,1081],{"class":67},[57,47245,47072],{"class":990},[57,47247,84],{"class":67},[15,47249,131],{},[48,47251,47252],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,47253,47254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47255,47256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47257,2095],{"class":1965},[43,47259,9617],{"id":9616},[15,47261,47262],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[616,47264,47266],{"id":47265},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[48,47268,47270],{"className":50,"code":47269,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[19,47271,47272,47280,47284,47302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47273,47274,47276,47278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47275,525],{"class":285},[57,47277,289],{"class":76},[57,47279,43392],{"class":80},[57,47281,47282],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47283,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47285,47286,47288,47290,47292,47294,47296,47298,47300],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47287,64],{"class":63},[57,47289,68],{"class":67},[57,47291,47043],{"class":63},[57,47293,68],{"class":67},[57,47295,552],{"class":238},[57,47297,1081],{"class":67},[57,47299,43443],{"class":990},[57,47301,84],{"class":67},[57,47303,47304,47306,47308,47310,47312,47314,47316,47318],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,47305,64],{"class":63},[57,47307,68],{"class":67},[57,47309,47043],{"class":63},[57,47311,68],{"class":67},[57,47313,552],{"class":238},[57,47315,1081],{"class":67},[57,47317,47072],{"class":990},[57,47319,84],{"class":67},[15,47321,131],{},[48,47323,47324],{"className":50,"code":42340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,47325,47326,47330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47327,47328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47329,2095],{"class":1965},[57,47331,47332],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47333,2156],{"class":1965},[616,47335,47337],{"id":47336},"check-text","Check text",[48,47339,47341],{"className":50,"code":47340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[19,47342,47343,47355,47359,47377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47344,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47346,32846],{"class":285},[57,47348,289],{"class":76},[57,47350,1449],{"class":938},[57,47352,1958],{"class":942},[57,47354,1455],{"class":938},[57,47356,47357],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47358,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47360,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47362,64],{"class":63},[57,47364,68],{"class":67},[57,47366,47043],{"class":63},[57,47368,68],{"class":67},[57,47370,32867],{"class":238},[57,47372,1081],{"class":67},[57,47374,47072],{"class":990},[57,47376,84],{"class":67},[57,47378,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,47380,64],{"class":63},[57,47382,68],{"class":67},[57,47384,47043],{"class":63},[57,47386,68],{"class":67},[57,47388,32867],{"class":238},[57,47390,1081],{"class":67},[57,47392,43443],{"class":990},[57,47394,84],{"class":67},[15,47396,131],{},[48,47398,47399],{"className":50,"code":42340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,47400,47401,47405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47402,47403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47404,2095],{"class":1965},[57,47406,47407],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47408,2156],{"class":1965},[15,47410,47411,47412,47414],{},"In both examples, ",[19,47413,42972],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[15,47416,47417,47418,498],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[373,47419,47420],{"href":1051},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[43,47422,47424],{"id":47423},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[15,47426,47427],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[15,47429,47430],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[48,47432,47434],{"className":50,"code":47433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[19,47435,47436,47445,47449,47473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47437,47438,47440,47442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47439,525],{"class":285},[57,47441,289],{"class":76},[57,47443,47444],{"class":80}," 3.5\n",[57,47446,47447],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47448,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47450,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47452,64],{"class":63},[57,47454,68],{"class":67},[57,47456,47043],{"class":63},[57,47458,68],{"class":67},[57,47460,552],{"class":238},[57,47462,1081],{"class":67},[57,47464,7373],{"class":67},[57,47466,255],{"class":990},[57,47468,1081],{"class":67},[57,47470,38419],{"class":990},[57,47472,1001],{"class":67},[57,47474,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,47476,64],{"class":63},[57,47478,68],{"class":67},[57,47480,47043],{"class":63},[57,47482,68],{"class":67},[57,47484,552],{"class":238},[57,47486,1081],{"class":67},[57,47488,7373],{"class":67},[57,47490,1541],{"class":990},[57,47492,1081],{"class":67},[57,47494,20712],{"class":990},[57,47496,1001],{"class":67},[15,47498,131],{},[48,47500,47501],{"className":50,"code":42340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,47502,47503,47507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47504,47505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47506,2095],{"class":1965},[57,47508,47509],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47510,2156],{"class":1965},[15,47512,47513,47514,47516],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[19,47515,39001],{}," conditions.",[15,47518,6431],{},[48,47520,47522],{"className":50,"code":47521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[19,47523,47524,47532,47536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47525,47526,47528,47530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47527,525],{"class":285},[57,47529,289],{"class":76},[57,47531,47444],{"class":80},[57,47533,47534],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47535,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47537,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47559,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47539,64],{"class":63},[57,47541,68],{"class":67},[57,47543,1315],{"class":990},[57,47545,68],{"class":67},[57,47547,552],{"class":238},[57,47549,1769],{"class":67},[57,47551,4535],{"class":76},[57,47553,43443],{"class":990},[57,47555,46403],{"class":1990},[57,47557,47558],{"class":990}," type",[57,47560,68],{"class":67},[57,47562,552],{"class":238},[57,47564,1769],{"class":67},[57,47566,4535],{"class":76},[57,47568,38419],{"class":990},[57,47570,242],{"class":67},[15,47572,47573],{},"you can write this:",[48,47575,47577],{"className":50,"code":47576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[19,47578,47579,47587,47591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47580,47581,47583,47585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47582,525],{"class":285},[57,47584,289],{"class":76},[57,47586,47444],{"class":80},[57,47588,47589],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47590,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47592,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47594,64],{"class":63},[57,47596,68],{"class":67},[57,47598,47043],{"class":63},[57,47600,68],{"class":67},[57,47602,552],{"class":238},[57,47604,1081],{"class":67},[57,47606,7373],{"class":67},[57,47608,255],{"class":990},[57,47610,1081],{"class":67},[57,47612,38419],{"class":990},[57,47614,1001],{"class":67},[15,47616,47617],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[43,47619,47621,8724,47623],{"id":47620},"isinstance-vs-type",[19,47622,42972],{},[19,47624,378],{},[15,47626,8729,47627,2511,47629,47633],{},[19,47628,42972],{},[373,47630,47631],{"href":375},[19,47632,378],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[616,47635,47637],{"id":47636},"typevalue-int",[19,47638,47639],{},"type(value) == int",[15,47641,47642],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[48,47644,47646],{"className":50,"code":47645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[19,47647,47648,47656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47649,47650,47652,47654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47651,525],{"class":285},[57,47653,289],{"class":76},[57,47655,669],{"class":80},[57,47657,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47659,64],{"class":63},[57,47661,68],{"class":67},[57,47663,1315],{"class":990},[57,47665,68],{"class":67},[57,47667,552],{"class":238},[57,47669,1769],{"class":67},[57,47671,4535],{"class":76},[57,47673,43443],{"class":990},[57,47675,242],{"class":67},[616,47677,47679],{"id":47678},"isinstancevalue-int",[19,47680,47681],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[15,47683,47684],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[48,47686,47688],{"className":50,"code":47687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[19,47689,47690,47698],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47691,47692,47694,47696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47693,525],{"class":285},[57,47695,289],{"class":76},[57,47697,669],{"class":80},[57,47699,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47701,64],{"class":63},[57,47703,68],{"class":67},[57,47705,47043],{"class":63},[57,47707,68],{"class":67},[57,47709,552],{"class":238},[57,47711,1081],{"class":67},[57,47713,43443],{"class":990},[57,47715,84],{"class":67},[15,47717,47718,47719,47721],{},"For beginners, ",[19,47720,42972],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[15,47723,47724],{},"In everyday code:",[27,47726,47727,47732],{},[30,47728,38154,47729,47731],{},[19,47730,378],{}," when you need the exact type",[30,47733,38154,47734,47736],{},[19,47735,42972],{}," when you want a practical type check",[43,47738,47740],{"id":47739},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[15,47742,47743,47744,498],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[19,47745,42972],{},[616,47747,47749],{"id":47748},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[48,47751,47753],{"className":50,"code":47752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[19,47754,47755,47773,47792,47804,47809,47827,47838,47842,47854,47858,47882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47756,47757,47759,47762,47764,47766,47768,47771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47758,33010],{"class":125},[57,47760,47761],{"class":33013}," repeat_text",[57,47763,68],{"class":67},[57,47765,32867],{"class":35825},[57,47767,1081],{"class":67},[57,47769,47770],{"class":35825}," count",[57,47772,6475],{"class":67},[57,47774,47775,47777,47779,47782,47784,47786,47788,47790],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47776,4525],{"class":1990},[57,47778,6232],{"class":76},[57,47780,47781],{"class":63}," isinstance",[57,47783,68],{"class":67},[57,47785,32867],{"class":238},[57,47787,1081],{"class":67},[57,47789,47072],{"class":990},[57,47791,6475],{"class":67},[57,47793,47794,47797,47799,47802],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47795,47796],{"class":1990},"        return",[57,47798,1449],{"class":938},[57,47800,47801],{"class":942},"text must be a string",[57,47803,1455],{"class":938},[57,47805,47806],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,47807,47808],{"class":285},"    \n",[57,47810,47811,47813,47815,47817,47819,47821,47823,47825],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,47812,4525],{"class":1990},[57,47814,6232],{"class":76},[57,47816,47781],{"class":63},[57,47818,68],{"class":67},[57,47820,39424],{"class":238},[57,47822,1081],{"class":67},[57,47824,43443],{"class":990},[57,47826,6475],{"class":67},[57,47828,47829,47831,47833,47836],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,47830,47796],{"class":1990},[57,47832,1449],{"class":938},[57,47834,47835],{"class":942},"count must be an integer",[57,47837,1455],{"class":938},[57,47839,47840],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,47841,47808],{"class":285},[57,47843,47844,47846,47849,47851],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,47845,33021],{"class":1990},[57,47847,47848],{"class":285}," text ",[57,47850,38036],{"class":76},[57,47852,47853],{"class":285}," count\n",[57,47855,47856],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,47857,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47859,47860,47862,47864,47867,47869,47871,47874,47876,47878,47880],{"class":59,"line":4564},[57,47861,64],{"class":63},[57,47863,68],{"class":67},[57,47865,47866],{"class":238},"repeat_text",[57,47868,68],{"class":67},[57,47870,939],{"class":938},[57,47872,47873],{"class":942},"Hi ",[57,47875,939],{"class":938},[57,47877,1081],{"class":67},[57,47879,530],{"class":80},[57,47881,84],{"class":67},[57,47883,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898,47900,47902,47904,47906],{"class":59,"line":9737},[57,47885,64],{"class":63},[57,47887,68],{"class":67},[57,47889,47866],{"class":238},[57,47891,68],{"class":67},[57,47893,939],{"class":938},[57,47895,47873],{"class":942},[57,47897,939],{"class":938},[57,47899,1081],{"class":67},[57,47901,1449],{"class":938},[57,47903,122],{"class":942},[57,47905,939],{"class":938},[57,47907,84],{"class":67},[15,47909,131],{},[48,47911,47913],{"className":50,"code":47912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[19,47914,47915,47920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47916,47917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47918,47919],{"class":285},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[57,47921,47922],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47923,47924],{"class":285},"count must be an integer\n",[15,47926,47927],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[616,47929,47931],{"id":47930},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[48,47933,47935],{"className":50,"code":47934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[19,47936,47937,47969,47973,47989,48004,48021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47938,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947,47949,47951,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47940,525],{"class":285},[57,47942,289],{"class":76},[57,47944,1729],{"class":67},[57,47946,939],{"class":938},[57,47948,373],{"class":942},[57,47950,939],{"class":938},[57,47952,1081],{"class":67},[57,47954,1449],{"class":938},[57,47956,2881],{"class":942},[57,47958,939],{"class":938},[57,47960,1081],{"class":67},[57,47962,1449],{"class":938},[57,47964,7877],{"class":942},[57,47966,939],{"class":938},[57,47968,1742],{"class":67},[57,47970,47971],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,47972,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,47974,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,47976,5126],{"class":1990},[57,47978,47781],{"class":63},[57,47980,68],{"class":67},[57,47982,552],{"class":238},[57,47984,1081],{"class":67},[57,47986,47072],{"class":990},[57,47988,6475],{"class":67},[57,47990,47991,47993,47995,47997,48000,48002],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,47992,6201],{"class":63},[57,47994,68],{"class":67},[57,47996,939],{"class":938},[57,47998,47999],{"class":942},"This is text",[57,48001,939],{"class":938},[57,48003,242],{"class":67},[57,48005,48006,48009,48011,48013,48015,48017,48019],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,48007,48008],{"class":1990},"elif",[57,48010,47781],{"class":63},[57,48012,68],{"class":67},[57,48014,552],{"class":238},[57,48016,1081],{"class":67},[57,48018,20712],{"class":990},[57,48020,6475],{"class":67},[57,48022,48023,48025,48027,48029,48032,48034],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,48024,6201],{"class":63},[57,48026,68],{"class":67},[57,48028,939],{"class":938},[57,48030,48031],{"class":942},"This is a list",[57,48033,939],{"class":938},[57,48035,242],{"class":67},[15,48037,131],{},[48,48039,48041],{"className":50,"code":48040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a list\n",[19,48042,48043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48044,48045,48048,48050,48052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48046,48047],{"class":285},"This ",[57,48049,10337],{"class":76},[57,48051,42711],{"class":285},[57,48053,48054],{"class":990},"list\n",[616,48056,48058],{"id":48057},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[48,48060,48062],{"className":50,"code":48061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[19,48063,48064,48076,48080,48096,48110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48065,48066,48068,48070,48072,48074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48067,525],{"class":285},[57,48069,289],{"class":76},[57,48071,1449],{"class":938},[57,48073,44693],{"class":942},[57,48075,1455],{"class":938},[57,48077,48078],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48079,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,48081,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092,48094],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,48083,5126],{"class":1990},[57,48085,47781],{"class":63},[57,48087,68],{"class":67},[57,48089,552],{"class":238},[57,48091,1081],{"class":67},[57,48093,47072],{"class":990},[57,48095,6475],{"class":67},[57,48097,48098,48100,48102,48104,48106,48108],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,48099,40055],{"class":285},[57,48101,289],{"class":76},[57,48103,43443],{"class":990},[57,48105,68],{"class":67},[57,48107,552],{"class":238},[57,48109,242],{"class":67},[57,48111,48112,48114,48116,48118],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,48113,6201],{"class":63},[57,48115,68],{"class":67},[57,48117,310],{"class":238},[57,48119,242],{"class":67},[15,48121,131],{},[48,48123,48124],{"className":50,"code":44779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,48125,48126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48127,48128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48129,44779],{"class":80},[15,48131,48132],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[616,48134,48136],{"id":48135},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[48,48138,48140],{"className":50,"code":48139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[19,48141,48142,48166,48170,48186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48143,48144,48146,48148,48150,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48145,525],{"class":285},[57,48147,289],{"class":76},[57,48149,8629],{"class":67},[57,48151,939],{"class":938},[57,48153,5798],{"class":942},[57,48155,939],{"class":938},[57,48157,972],{"class":67},[57,48159,1449],{"class":938},[57,48161,11025],{"class":942},[57,48163,939],{"class":938},[57,48165,7446],{"class":67},[57,48167,48168],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48169,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,48171,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,48173,5126],{"class":1990},[57,48175,47781],{"class":63},[57,48177,68],{"class":67},[57,48179,552],{"class":238},[57,48181,1081],{"class":67},[57,48183,7307],{"class":990},[57,48185,6475],{"class":67},[57,48187,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,48189,6201],{"class":63},[57,48191,68],{"class":67},[57,48193,552],{"class":238},[57,48195,2015],{"class":67},[57,48197,939],{"class":938},[57,48199,5798],{"class":942},[57,48201,939],{"class":938},[57,48203,2003],{"class":67},[15,48205,131],{},[48,48207,48209],{"className":50,"code":48208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n",[19,48210,48211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48212,48213],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48214,48208],{"class":285},[15,48216,48217,48218,48220],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[19,48219,1097],{}," messages later.",[43,48222,2637],{"id":2636},[616,48224,48226,48227,9232,48230],{"id":48225},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[19,48228,48229],{},"\"int\"",[19,48231,255],{},[15,48233,14792],{},[48,48235,48237],{"className":50,"code":48236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[19,48238,48239,48247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48240,48241,48243,48245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48242,525],{"class":285},[57,48244,289],{"class":76},[57,48246,669],{"class":80},[57,48248,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48250,64],{"class":63},[57,48252,68],{"class":67},[57,48254,47043],{"class":63},[57,48256,68],{"class":67},[57,48258,552],{"class":238},[57,48260,1081],{"class":67},[57,48262,1449],{"class":938},[57,48264,255],{"class":942},[57,48266,939],{"class":938},[57,48268,84],{"class":67},[15,48270,48271,48273],{},[19,48272,48229],{}," is a string, not a type.",[15,48275,14804],{},[48,48277,48278],{"className":50,"code":47687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,48279,48280,48288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48281,48282,48284,48286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48283,525],{"class":285},[57,48285,289],{"class":76},[57,48287,669],{"class":80},[57,48289,48290,48292,48294,48296,48298,48300,48302,48304],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48291,64],{"class":63},[57,48293,68],{"class":67},[57,48295,47043],{"class":63},[57,48297,68],{"class":67},[57,48299,552],{"class":238},[57,48301,1081],{"class":67},[57,48303,43443],{"class":990},[57,48305,84],{"class":67},[616,48307,48309],{"id":48308},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[15,48311,14792],{},[48,48313,48315],{"className":50,"code":48314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[19,48316,48317,48325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48318,48319,48321,48323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48320,525],{"class":285},[57,48322,289],{"class":76},[57,48324,33001],{"class":80},[57,48326,48327,48329,48331,48333,48335,48337,48339,48341,48343,48345,48347],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48328,64],{"class":63},[57,48330,68],{"class":67},[57,48332,47043],{"class":63},[57,48334,68],{"class":67},[57,48336,552],{"class":238},[57,48338,1081],{"class":67},[57,48340,1729],{"class":67},[57,48342,255],{"class":990},[57,48344,1081],{"class":67},[57,48346,38419],{"class":990},[57,48348,1091],{"class":67},[15,48350,48351],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[15,48353,14804],{},[48,48355,48357],{"className":50,"code":48356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[19,48358,48359,48367],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48360,48361,48363,48365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48362,525],{"class":285},[57,48364,289],{"class":76},[57,48366,33001],{"class":80},[57,48368,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377,48379,48381,48383,48385,48387,48389],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48370,64],{"class":63},[57,48372,68],{"class":67},[57,48374,47043],{"class":63},[57,48376,68],{"class":67},[57,48378,552],{"class":238},[57,48380,1081],{"class":67},[57,48382,7373],{"class":67},[57,48384,255],{"class":990},[57,48386,1081],{"class":67},[57,48388,38419],{"class":990},[57,48390,1001],{"class":67},[616,48392,23928,48394,48396],{"id":48393},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[19,48395,42972],{}," converts a value",[15,48398,17064],{},[48,48400,48402],{"className":50,"code":48401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,48403,48404,48417,48435,48439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48405,48406,48408,48410,48412,48415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48407,525],{"class":285},[57,48409,289],{"class":76},[57,48411,1449],{"class":938},[57,48413,48414],{"class":942},"123",[57,48416,1455],{"class":938},[57,48418,48419,48421,48423,48425,48427,48429,48431,48433],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48420,300],{"class":285},[57,48422,289],{"class":76},[57,48424,47781],{"class":63},[57,48426,68],{"class":67},[57,48428,552],{"class":238},[57,48430,1081],{"class":67},[57,48432,43443],{"class":990},[57,48434,242],{"class":67},[57,48436,48437],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,48438,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,48440,48441,48443,48445,48447],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,48442,64],{"class":63},[57,48444,68],{"class":67},[57,48446,339],{"class":238},[57,48448,242],{"class":67},[15,48450,131],{},[48,48452,48453],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,48454,48455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48456,48457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48458,2156],{"class":1965},[15,48460,48461,48462,48465,48466,48468],{},"This does not convert ",[19,48463,48464],{},"\"123\""," into ",[19,48467,48414],{},". It only checks the type.",[15,48470,48471,48472,4759],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[19,48473,48474],{},"int(value)",[616,48476,48478],{"id":48477},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[15,48480,48481,48483],{},[19,48482,42972],{}," does not modify anything.",[48,48485,48487],{"className":50,"code":48486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[19,48488,48489,48501,48505,48523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48490,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48492,525],{"class":285},[57,48494,289],{"class":76},[57,48496,1449],{"class":938},[57,48498,11704],{"class":942},[57,48500,1455],{"class":938},[57,48502,48503],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48504,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,48506,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515,48517,48519,48521],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,48508,64],{"class":63},[57,48510,68],{"class":67},[57,48512,47043],{"class":63},[57,48514,68],{"class":67},[57,48516,552],{"class":238},[57,48518,1081],{"class":67},[57,48520,47072],{"class":990},[57,48522,84],{"class":67},[57,48524,48525,48527,48529,48531],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,48526,64],{"class":63},[57,48528,68],{"class":67},[57,48530,552],{"class":238},[57,48532,242],{"class":67},[15,48534,131],{},[48,48536,48538],{"className":50,"code":48537,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n100\n",[19,48539,48540,48544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48541,48542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48543,2095],{"class":1965},[57,48545,48546],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48547,45430],{"class":80},[15,48549,48550],{},"The value stays the same.",[43,48552,24096],{"id":24095},[15,48554,48555],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[48,48557,48559],{"className":50,"code":48558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[19,48560,48561,48575,48593,48617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48562,48563,48565,48567,48569,48571,48573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48564,64],{"class":63},[57,48566,68],{"class":67},[57,48568,1315],{"class":990},[57,48570,68],{"class":67},[57,48572,552],{"class":238},[57,48574,84],{"class":67},[57,48576,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48578,64],{"class":63},[57,48580,68],{"class":67},[57,48582,47043],{"class":63},[57,48584,68],{"class":67},[57,48586,552],{"class":238},[57,48588,1081],{"class":67},[57,48590,43443],{"class":990},[57,48592,84],{"class":67},[57,48594,48595,48597,48599,48601,48603,48605,48607,48609,48611,48613,48615],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,48596,64],{"class":63},[57,48598,68],{"class":67},[57,48600,47043],{"class":63},[57,48602,68],{"class":67},[57,48604,552],{"class":238},[57,48606,1081],{"class":67},[57,48608,7373],{"class":67},[57,48610,255],{"class":990},[57,48612,1081],{"class":67},[57,48614,38419],{"class":990},[57,48616,1001],{"class":67},[57,48618,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,48620,64],{"class":63},[57,48622,68],{"class":67},[57,48624,39944],{"class":63},[57,48626,68],{"class":67},[57,48628,552],{"class":238},[57,48630,84],{"class":67},[15,48632,48633],{},"These can help when:",[27,48635,48636,48639,48644,48647],{},[30,48637,48638],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[30,48640,48641,48642],{},"you are getting a ",[19,48643,1097],{},[30,48645,48646],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[30,48648,48649,48650,48652],{},"the second argument to ",[19,48651,42972],{}," is invalid",[15,48654,48655],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[27,48657,48658,48672,48678,48683],{},[30,48659,48660,48661,965,48664,48667,48668,965,48670],{},"using ",[19,48662,48663],{},"'int'",[19,48665,48666],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[19,48669,255],{},[19,48671,1541],{},[30,48673,48674,48675,48677],{},"expecting ",[19,48676,42972],{}," to convert a value",[30,48679,48660,48680,48682],{},[19,48681,378],{}," when inherited types should also match",[30,48684,48685],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[15,48687,48688,48689,498],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[373,48690,48692,48693],{"href":48691},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[19,48694,48695],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[43,48697,1554],{"id":1553},[616,48699,3264,48701,3267],{"id":48700},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[19,48702,42972],{},[15,48704,3270,48705,48707,48708,498],{},[19,48706,1709],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[19,48709,1783],{},[616,48711,3292,48713,48715],{"id":48712},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[19,48714,42972],{}," check more than one type?",[15,48717,48718,48719,498],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[19,48720,48721],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[616,48723,3302,48725,2511,48727,572],{"id":48724},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[19,48726,42972],{},[19,48728,378],{},[15,48730,48731,48733,48734,48736],{},[19,48732,378],{}," gives the exact type. ",[19,48735,42972],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[616,48738,10848,48740,48742],{"id":48739},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[19,48741,42972],{}," convert a value?",[15,48744,48745],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[43,48747,1602],{"id":1601},[27,48749,48750,48756,48760,48765,48770],{},[30,48751,48752],{},[373,48753,1680,48754,1611],{"href":375},[19,48755,378],{},[30,48757,48758],{},[373,48759,42964],{"href":47146},[30,48761,48762],{},[373,48763,48764],{"href":1051},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,48766,48767],{},[373,48768,48769],{"href":47149},"What is a data type in Python?",[30,48771,48772],{},[373,48773,48692,48774],{"href":48691},[19,48775,48695],{},[1634,48777,48778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":48780},[48781,48782,48784,48787,48791,48792,48797,48803,48811,48812,48822],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":47085,"depth":87,"text":48783},"What isinstance() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":48785},[48786],{"id":47177,"depth":103,"text":47178},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617,"children":48788},[48789,48790],{"id":47265,"depth":103,"text":47266},{"id":47336,"depth":103,"text":47337},{"id":47423,"depth":87,"text":47424},{"id":47620,"depth":87,"text":48793,"children":48794},"isinstance() vs type()",[48795,48796],{"id":47636,"depth":103,"text":47639},{"id":47678,"depth":103,"text":47681},{"id":47739,"depth":87,"text":47740,"children":48798},[48799,48800,48801,48802],{"id":47748,"depth":103,"text":47749},{"id":47930,"depth":103,"text":47931},{"id":48057,"depth":103,"text":48058},{"id":48135,"depth":103,"text":48136},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":48804},[48805,48807,48808,48810],{"id":48225,"depth":103,"text":48806},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":48308,"depth":103,"text":48309},{"id":48393,"depth":103,"text":48809},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":48477,"depth":103,"text":48478},{"id":24095,"depth":87,"text":24096},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":48813},[48814,48816,48818,48820],{"id":48700,"depth":103,"text":48815},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":48712,"depth":103,"text":48817},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":48724,"depth":103,"text":48819},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":48739,"depth":103,"text":48821},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":46986,"description":48823},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":48829,"title":48830,"body":48831,"description":50804,"extension":1666,"meta":50805,"navigation":317,"path":50806,"seo":50807,"stem":50808,"__hash__":50809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":48832,"toc":50779},[48833,48836,48841,48846,48860,48863,48865,48940,48945,48949,48954,48957,48971,48973,49139,49152,49154,49156,49171,49174,49177,49190,49192,49290,49294,49300,49303,49312,49314,49349,49354,49375,49380,49385,49417,49420,49477,49481,49487,49490,49543,49545,49585,49588,49656,49659,49710,49717,49721,49727,49812,49818,49824,49873,49876,49879,49929,49931,49936,49940,49990,49994,50041,50045,50122,50126,50191,50194,50198,50203,50208,50220,50222,50241,50247,50250,50269,50274,50301,50308,50312,50318,50321,50416,50419,50422,50471,50476,50478,50482,50517,50520,50577,50587,50590,50624,50627,50629,50633,50636,50640,50643,50647,50650,50654,50667,50671,50676,50678,50728,50740,50742,50776],[11,48834,48830],{"id":48835},"python-len-function-explained",[15,48837,7259,48838,48840],{},[19,48839,40526],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[15,48842,33565,48843,48845],{},[19,48844,40526],{}," to count:",[27,48847,48848,48851,48854,48857],{},[30,48849,48850],{},"characters in a string",[30,48852,48853],{},"items in a list or tuple",[30,48855,48856],{},"keys in a dictionary",[30,48858,48859],{},"unique items in a set",[15,48861,48862],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[43,48864,46],{"id":45},[48,48866,48868],{"className":50,"code":48867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[19,48869,48870,48882,48902,48906,48923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48871,48872,48874,48876,48878,48880],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48873,32846],{"class":285},[57,48875,289],{"class":76},[57,48877,1449],{"class":938},[57,48879,1958],{"class":942},[57,48881,1455],{"class":938},[57,48883,48884,48886,48888,48890,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48885,5910],{"class":285},[57,48887,289],{"class":76},[57,48889,1729],{"class":67},[57,48891,407],{"class":80},[57,48893,1081],{"class":67},[57,48895,5921],{"class":80},[57,48897,1081],{"class":67},[57,48899,5926],{"class":80},[57,48901,1742],{"class":67},[57,48903,48904],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,48905,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,48907,48908,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918,48920],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,48909,64],{"class":63},[57,48911,68],{"class":67},[57,48913,9302],{"class":63},[57,48915,68],{"class":67},[57,48917,32867],{"class":238},[57,48919,3485],{"class":67},[57,48921,48922],{"class":1772},"   # 5\n",[57,48924,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,48926,64],{"class":63},[57,48928,68],{"class":67},[57,48930,9302],{"class":63},[57,48932,68],{"class":67},[57,48934,5941],{"class":238},[57,48936,3485],{"class":67},[57,48938,48939],{"class":1772},"  # 3\n",[15,48941,154,48942,48944],{},[19,48943,40526],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[43,48946,48948],{"id":48947},"what-len-does","What len() does",[15,48950,48951,48953],{},[19,48952,40526],{}," returns the size of an object.",[15,48955,48956],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[27,48958,48959,48962,48965,48968],{},[30,48960,48961],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[30,48963,48964],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[30,48966,48967],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[30,48969,48970],{},"It always returns an integer",[15,48972,275],{},[48,48974,48976],{"className":50,"code":48975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[19,48977,48978,48990,49015,49047,49067,49071,49088,49105,49122],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48979,48980,48982,48984,48986,48988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48981,6008],{"class":285},[57,48983,289],{"class":76},[57,48985,1449],{"class":938},[57,48987,5807],{"class":942},[57,48989,1455],{"class":938},[57,48991,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006,49008,49010,49013],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,48993,1724],{"class":285},[57,48995,289],{"class":76},[57,48997,1729],{"class":67},[57,48999,407],{"class":80},[57,49001,1081],{"class":67},[57,49003,5921],{"class":80},[57,49005,1081],{"class":67},[57,49007,5926],{"class":80},[57,49009,1081],{"class":67},[57,49011,49012],{"class":80}," 40",[57,49014,1742],{"class":67},[57,49016,49017,49019,49021,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033,49035,49037,49039,49041,49043,49045],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,49018,7302],{"class":285},[57,49020,289],{"class":76},[57,49022,8629],{"class":67},[57,49024,939],{"class":938},[57,49026,373],{"class":942},[57,49028,939],{"class":938},[57,49030,972],{"class":67},[57,49032,3622],{"class":80},[57,49034,1081],{"class":67},[57,49036,1449],{"class":938},[57,49038,2881],{"class":942},[57,49040,939],{"class":938},[57,49042,972],{"class":67},[57,49044,1084],{"class":80},[57,49046,7446],{"class":67},[57,49048,49049,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063,49065],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,49050,1935],{"class":285},[57,49052,289],{"class":76},[57,49054,8629],{"class":67},[57,49056,199],{"class":80},[57,49058,1081],{"class":67},[57,49060,35806],{"class":80},[57,49062,1081],{"class":67},[57,49064,4119],{"class":80},[57,49066,7446],{"class":67},[57,49068,49069],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,49070,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,49072,49073,49075,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,49074,64],{"class":63},[57,49076,68],{"class":67},[57,49078,9302],{"class":63},[57,49080,68],{"class":67},[57,49082,5798],{"class":238},[57,49084,3485],{"class":67},[57,49086,49087],{"class":1772},"     # 3\n",[57,49089,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,49091,64],{"class":63},[57,49093,68],{"class":67},[57,49095,9302],{"class":63},[57,49097,68],{"class":67},[57,49099,1756],{"class":238},[57,49101,3485],{"class":67},[57,49103,49104],{"class":1772},"  # 4\n",[57,49106,49107,49109,49111,49113,49115,49117,49119],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,49108,64],{"class":63},[57,49110,68],{"class":67},[57,49112,9302],{"class":63},[57,49114,68],{"class":67},[57,49116,7341],{"class":238},[57,49118,3485],{"class":67},[57,49120,49121],{"class":1772},"     # 2\n",[57,49123,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132,49134,49136],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,49125,64],{"class":63},[57,49127,68],{"class":67},[57,49129,9302],{"class":63},[57,49131,68],{"class":67},[57,49133,3482],{"class":238},[57,49135,3485],{"class":67},[57,49137,49138],{"class":1772},"   # 3\n",[15,49140,49141,49142,256,49146,15221,49150,498],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[373,49143,49145],{"href":49144},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[373,49147,49149],{"href":49148},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[373,49151,7292],{"href":7291},[43,49153,221],{"id":220},[15,49155,224],{},[48,49157,49159],{"className":50,"code":49158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(object)\n",[19,49160,49161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49162,49163,49165,49167,49169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49164,9302],{"class":63},[57,49166,68],{"class":67},[57,49168,40564],{"class":990},[57,49170,242],{"class":67},[15,49172,49173],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[15,49175,49176],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[27,49178,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187],{},[30,49180,36070],{},[30,49182,36064],{},[30,49184,36067],{},[30,49186,36073],{},[30,49188,49189],{},"a dictionary",[15,49191,275],{},[48,49193,49195],{"className":50,"code":49194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[19,49196,49197,49218,49242,49264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49198,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49200,64],{"class":63},[57,49202,68],{"class":67},[57,49204,9302],{"class":63},[57,49206,68],{"class":67},[57,49208,939],{"class":938},[57,49210,52],{"class":942},[57,49212,939],{"class":938},[57,49214,3485],{"class":67},[57,49216,49217],{"class":1772},"      # 6\n",[57,49219,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238,49240],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49221,64],{"class":63},[57,49223,68],{"class":67},[57,49225,9302],{"class":63},[57,49227,1075],{"class":67},[57,49229,1078],{"class":80},[57,49231,1081],{"class":67},[57,49233,1084],{"class":80},[57,49235,1081],{"class":67},[57,49237,530],{"class":80},[57,49239,2855],{"class":67},[57,49241,49087],{"class":1772},[57,49243,49244,49246,49248,49250,49252,49254,49256,49258,49261],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,49245,64],{"class":63},[57,49247,68],{"class":67},[57,49249,9302],{"class":63},[57,49251,3635],{"class":67},[57,49253,407],{"class":80},[57,49255,1081],{"class":67},[57,49257,5921],{"class":80},[57,49259,49260],{"class":67},")))",[57,49262,49263],{"class":1772},"      # 2\n",[57,49265,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49287],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,49267,64],{"class":63},[57,49269,68],{"class":67},[57,49271,9302],{"class":63},[57,49273,3654],{"class":67},[57,49275,939],{"class":938},[57,49277,239],{"class":942},[57,49279,939],{"class":938},[57,49281,972],{"class":67},[57,49283,3622],{"class":80},[57,49285,49286],{"class":67},"}))",[57,49288,49289],{"class":1772},"      # 1\n",[43,49291,49293],{"id":49292},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[15,49295,49296,49297,49299],{},"When you use ",[19,49298,40526],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[15,49301,49302],{},"That includes:",[27,49304,49305,49307,49309],{},[30,49306,34304],{},[30,49308,8590],{},[30,49310,49311],{},"punctuation",[15,49313,275],{},[48,49315,49317],{"className":50,"code":49316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[19,49318,49319,49332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49320,49321,49323,49325,49327,49330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49322,32846],{"class":285},[57,49324,289],{"class":76},[57,49326,1449],{"class":938},[57,49328,49329],{"class":942},"Hi there!",[57,49331,1455],{"class":938},[57,49333,49334,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344,49346],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49335,64],{"class":63},[57,49337,68],{"class":67},[57,49339,9302],{"class":63},[57,49341,68],{"class":67},[57,49343,32867],{"class":238},[57,49345,3485],{"class":67},[57,49347,49348],{"class":1772},"  # 9\n",[15,49350,49351,49352,572],{},"Why is the result ",[19,49353,207],{},[27,49355,49356,49362,49366,49369],{},[30,49357,49358,49361],{},[19,49359,49360],{},"H"," = 1",[30,49363,49364,49361],{},[19,49365,34315],{},[30,49367,49368],{},"space = 1",[30,49370,49371,49374],{},[19,49372,49373],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[15,49376,49377,49378],{},"Total: ",[19,49379,207],{},[15,49381,49382,49383,972],{},"An empty string has length ",[19,49384,182],{},[48,49386,49388],{"className":50,"code":49387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[19,49389,49390,49399],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49391,49392,49395,49397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49393,49394],{"class":285},"empty_text ",[57,49396,289],{"class":76},[57,49398,6013],{"class":938},[57,49400,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409,49412,49414],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49402,64],{"class":63},[57,49404,68],{"class":67},[57,49406,9302],{"class":63},[57,49408,68],{"class":67},[57,49410,49411],{"class":238},"empty_text",[57,49413,3485],{"class":67},[57,49415,49416],{"class":1772},"  # 0\n",[15,49418,49419],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[48,49421,49423],{"className":50,"code":49422,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[19,49424,49425,49438,49442,49462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49426,49427,49430,49432,49434,49436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49428,49429],{"class":285},"user_name ",[57,49431,289],{"class":76},[57,49433,1449],{"class":938},[57,49435,3125],{"class":942},[57,49437,1455],{"class":938},[57,49439,49440],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49441,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,49443,49444,49446,49448,49450,49453,49455,49458,49460],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,49445,5126],{"class":1990},[57,49447,36549],{"class":63},[57,49449,68],{"class":67},[57,49451,49452],{"class":238},"user_name",[57,49454,1769],{"class":67},[57,49456,49457],{"class":76}," >=",[57,49459,530],{"class":80},[57,49461,4520],{"class":67},[57,49463,49464,49466,49468,49470,49473,49475],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,49465,6201],{"class":63},[57,49467,68],{"class":67},[57,49469,939],{"class":938},[57,49471,49472],{"class":942},"Name is long enough",[57,49474,939],{"class":938},[57,49476,242],{"class":67},[43,49478,49480],{"id":49479},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[15,49482,49483,49484,49486],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[19,49485,40526],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[15,49488,49489],{},"Example with a list:",[48,49491,49493],{"className":50,"code":49492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[19,49494,49495,49527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49496,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513,49515,49517,49519,49521,49523,49525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49498,11221],{"class":285},[57,49500,289],{"class":76},[57,49502,1729],{"class":67},[57,49504,939],{"class":938},[57,49506,11238],{"class":942},[57,49508,939],{"class":938},[57,49510,1081],{"class":67},[57,49512,1449],{"class":938},[57,49514,15605],{"class":942},[57,49516,939],{"class":938},[57,49518,1081],{"class":67},[57,49520,1449],{"class":938},[57,49522,11255],{"class":942},[57,49524,939],{"class":938},[57,49526,1742],{"class":67},[57,49528,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49530,64],{"class":63},[57,49532,68],{"class":67},[57,49534,9302],{"class":63},[57,49536,68],{"class":67},[57,49538,15652],{"class":238},[57,49540,3485],{"class":67},[57,49542,48939],{"class":1772},[15,49544,36079],{},[48,49546,49548],{"className":50,"code":49547,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[19,49549,49550,49567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49551,49552,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563,49565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49553,49554],{"class":285},"point ",[57,49556,289],{"class":76},[57,49558,7373],{"class":67},[57,49560,407],{"class":80},[57,49562,1081],{"class":67},[57,49564,5921],{"class":80},[57,49566,242],{"class":67},[57,49568,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49580,49582],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49570,64],{"class":63},[57,49572,68],{"class":67},[57,49574,9302],{"class":63},[57,49576,68],{"class":67},[57,49578,49579],{"class":238},"point",[57,49581,3485],{"class":67},[57,49583,49584],{"class":1772},"  # 2\n",[15,49586,49587],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[48,49589,49591],{"className":50,"code":49590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[19,49592,49593,49617,49621,49639],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49594,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49596,5910],{"class":285},[57,49598,289],{"class":76},[57,49600,1729],{"class":67},[57,49602,939],{"class":938},[57,49604,2195],{"class":942},[57,49606,939],{"class":938},[57,49608,1081],{"class":67},[57,49610,1449],{"class":938},[57,49612,2204],{"class":942},[57,49614,939],{"class":938},[57,49616,1742],{"class":67},[57,49618,49619],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49620,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,49622,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,49624,5126],{"class":1990},[57,49626,36549],{"class":63},[57,49628,68],{"class":67},[57,49630,5941],{"class":238},[57,49632,1769],{"class":67},[57,49634,36559],{"class":76},[57,49636,3622],{"class":80},[57,49638,4520],{"class":67},[57,49640,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,49642,6201],{"class":63},[57,49644,68],{"class":67},[57,49646,5941],{"class":238},[57,49648,2015],{"class":67},[57,49650,1078],{"class":80},[57,49652,18597],{"class":67},[57,49654,49655],{"class":1772},"  # banana\n",[15,49657,49658],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[48,49660,49662],{"className":50,"code":49661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[19,49663,49664,49687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49665,49666,49668,49670,49672,49675,49677,49680,49682,49685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49667,3185],{"class":285},[57,49669,289],{"class":76},[57,49671,1729],{"class":67},[57,49673,49674],{"class":80},"88",[57,49676,1081],{"class":67},[57,49678,49679],{"class":80}," 91",[57,49681,1081],{"class":67},[57,49683,49684],{"class":80}," 75",[57,49686,1742],{"class":67},[57,49688,49689,49691,49693,49695,49698,49700,49702,49704,49706,49708],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49690,64],{"class":63},[57,49692,68],{"class":67},[57,49694,939],{"class":938},[57,49696,49697],{"class":942},"Number of scores:",[57,49699,939],{"class":938},[57,49701,1081],{"class":67},[57,49703,36549],{"class":63},[57,49705,68],{"class":67},[57,49707,14537],{"class":238},[57,49709,84],{"class":67},[15,49711,49712,49713,498],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[373,49714,49716],{"href":49715},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[43,49718,49720],{"id":49719},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[15,49722,49723,49724,49726],{},"For dictionaries, ",[19,49725,40526],{}," counts keys.",[48,49728,49730],{"className":50,"code":49729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[19,49731,49732,49740,49758,49772,49788,49792,49796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49733,49734,49736,49738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49735,11008],{"class":285},[57,49737,289],{"class":76},[57,49739,9635],{"class":67},[57,49741,49742,49744,49746,49748,49750,49752,49754,49756],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49743,9640],{"class":938},[57,49745,5798],{"class":942},[57,49747,939],{"class":938},[57,49749,972],{"class":67},[57,49751,1449],{"class":938},[57,49753,6053],{"class":942},[57,49755,939],{"class":938},[57,49757,9656],{"class":67},[57,49759,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768,49770],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,49761,9640],{"class":938},[57,49763,7436],{"class":942},[57,49765,939],{"class":938},[57,49767,972],{"class":67},[57,49769,29099],{"class":80},[57,49771,9656],{"class":67},[57,49773,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782,49784,49786],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,49775,9640],{"class":938},[57,49777,18042],{"class":942},[57,49779,939],{"class":938},[57,49781,972],{"class":67},[57,49783,1449],{"class":938},[57,49785,20397],{"class":942},[57,49787,1455],{"class":938},[57,49789,49790],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,49791,7446],{"class":67},[57,49793,49794],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,49795,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,49797,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,49799,64],{"class":63},[57,49801,68],{"class":67},[57,49803,9302],{"class":63},[57,49805,68],{"class":67},[57,49807,11772],{"class":238},[57,49809,3485],{"class":67},[57,49811,48939],{"class":1772},[15,49813,49814,49815,49817],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[19,49816,40526],{}," returns the number of keys.",[15,49819,49820,49821,49823],{},"For sets, ",[19,49822,40526],{}," counts unique items:",[48,49825,49827],{"className":50,"code":49826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[19,49828,49829,49857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49830,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49832,1724],{"class":285},[57,49834,289],{"class":76},[57,49836,8629],{"class":67},[57,49838,1078],{"class":80},[57,49840,1081],{"class":67},[57,49842,1084],{"class":80},[57,49844,1081],{"class":67},[57,49846,530],{"class":80},[57,49848,1081],{"class":67},[57,49850,530],{"class":80},[57,49852,1081],{"class":67},[57,49854,1084],{"class":80},[57,49856,7446],{"class":67},[57,49858,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49860,64],{"class":63},[57,49862,68],{"class":67},[57,49864,9302],{"class":63},[57,49866,68],{"class":67},[57,49868,1756],{"class":238},[57,49870,3485],{"class":67},[57,49872,48939],{"class":1772},[15,49874,49875],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[15,49877,49878],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[48,49880,49882],{"className":50,"code":49881,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[19,49883,49884,49892,49896,49914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49885,49886,49888,49890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49887,7302],{"class":285},[57,49889,289],{"class":76},[57,49891,7976],{"class":67},[57,49893,49894],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49895,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,49897,49898,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908,49910,49912],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,49899,5126],{"class":1990},[57,49901,36549],{"class":63},[57,49903,68],{"class":67},[57,49905,7341],{"class":238},[57,49907,1769],{"class":67},[57,49909,4535],{"class":76},[57,49911,1946],{"class":80},[57,49913,4520],{"class":67},[57,49915,49916,49918,49920,49922,49925,49927],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,49917,6201],{"class":63},[57,49919,68],{"class":67},[57,49921,939],{"class":938},[57,49923,49924],{"class":942},"The dictionary is empty",[57,49926,939],{"class":938},[57,49928,242],{"class":67},[43,49930,39210],{"id":39209},[15,49932,49933,49934,498],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[19,49935,40526],{},[616,49937,49939],{"id":49938},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[48,49941,49943],{"className":50,"code":49942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[19,49944,49945,49953,49957,49975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49946,49947,49949,49951],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49948,5910],{"class":285},[57,49950,289],{"class":76},[57,49952,5970],{"class":67},[57,49954,49955],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,49956,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,49958,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,49960,5126],{"class":1990},[57,49962,36549],{"class":63},[57,49964,68],{"class":67},[57,49966,5941],{"class":238},[57,49968,1769],{"class":67},[57,49970,4535],{"class":76},[57,49972,1946],{"class":80},[57,49974,4520],{"class":67},[57,49976,49977,49979,49981,49983,49986,49988],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,49978,6201],{"class":63},[57,49980,68],{"class":67},[57,49982,939],{"class":938},[57,49984,49985],{"class":942},"The list is empty",[57,49987,939],{"class":938},[57,49989,242],{"class":67},[616,49991,49993],{"id":49992},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[48,49995,49997],{"className":50,"code":49996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[19,49998,49999,50018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50000,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011,50014,50016],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50002,4280],{"class":285},[57,50004,289],{"class":76},[57,50006,6375],{"class":63},[57,50008,68],{"class":67},[57,50010,939],{"class":938},[57,50012,50013],{"class":942},"Enter a word: ",[57,50015,939],{"class":938},[57,50017,242],{"class":67},[57,50019,50020,50022,50024,50026,50029,50031,50033,50035,50037,50039],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50021,64],{"class":63},[57,50023,68],{"class":67},[57,50025,939],{"class":938},[57,50027,50028],{"class":942},"Number of characters:",[57,50030,939],{"class":938},[57,50032,1081],{"class":67},[57,50034,36549],{"class":63},[57,50036,68],{"class":67},[57,50038,36554],{"class":238},[57,50040,84],{"class":67},[616,50042,50044],{"id":50043},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[48,50046,50048],{"className":50,"code":50047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[19,50049,50050,50064,50068,50086,50101,50107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50051,50052,50055,50057,50059,50062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50053,50054],{"class":285},"password ",[57,50056,289],{"class":76},[57,50058,1449],{"class":938},[57,50060,50061],{"class":942},"secret123",[57,50063,1455],{"class":938},[57,50065,50066],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50067,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,50069,50070,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,50071,5126],{"class":1990},[57,50073,36549],{"class":63},[57,50075,68],{"class":67},[57,50077,15771],{"class":238},[57,50079,1769],{"class":67},[57,50081,49457],{"class":76},[57,50083,4486],{"class":80},[57,50085,4520],{"class":67},[57,50087,50088,50090,50092,50094,50097,50099],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,50089,6201],{"class":63},[57,50091,68],{"class":67},[57,50093,939],{"class":938},[57,50095,50096],{"class":942},"Password length is valid",[57,50098,939],{"class":938},[57,50100,242],{"class":67},[57,50102,50103,50105],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,50104,25588],{"class":1990},[57,50106,4520],{"class":67},[57,50108,50109,50111,50113,50115,50118,50120],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,50110,6201],{"class":63},[57,50112,68],{"class":67},[57,50114,939],{"class":938},[57,50116,50117],{"class":942},"Password is too short",[57,50119,939],{"class":938},[57,50121,242],{"class":67},[616,50123,50125],{"id":50124},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[48,50127,50129],{"className":50,"code":50128,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[19,50130,50131,50167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50132,50133,50136,50138,50140,50142,50145,50147,50149,50151,50154,50156,50158,50160,50163,50165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50134,50135],{"class":285},"results ",[57,50137,289],{"class":76},[57,50139,1729],{"class":67},[57,50141,939],{"class":938},[57,50143,50144],{"class":942},"item1",[57,50146,939],{"class":938},[57,50148,1081],{"class":67},[57,50150,1449],{"class":938},[57,50152,50153],{"class":942},"item2",[57,50155,939],{"class":938},[57,50157,1081],{"class":67},[57,50159,1449],{"class":938},[57,50161,50162],{"class":942},"item3",[57,50164,939],{"class":938},[57,50166,1742],{"class":67},[57,50168,50169,50171,50173,50175,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50189],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50170,64],{"class":63},[57,50172,68],{"class":67},[57,50174,939],{"class":938},[57,50176,50177],{"class":942},"Items found:",[57,50179,939],{"class":938},[57,50181,1081],{"class":67},[57,50183,36549],{"class":63},[57,50185,68],{"class":67},[57,50187,50188],{"class":238},"results",[57,50190,84],{"class":67},[15,50192,50193],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[43,50195,50197],{"id":50196},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[15,50199,50200,50202],{},[19,50201,40526],{}," does not work on every value.",[15,50204,50205,50206,972],{},"These will raise a ",[19,50207,1097],{},[27,50209,50210,50213,50216],{},[30,50211,50212],{},"plain integers",[30,50214,50215],{},"floats",[30,50217,50218],{},[19,50219,1890],{},[15,50221,275],{},[48,50223,50225],{"className":50,"code":50224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(5))\n",[19,50226,50227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50228,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50230,64],{"class":63},[57,50232,68],{"class":67},[57,50234,9302],{"class":63},[57,50236,68],{"class":67},[57,50238,199],{"class":80},[57,50240,84],{"class":67},[15,50242,50243,50244,50246],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[19,50245,199],{}," does not have a length.",[15,50248,50249],{},"Another example:",[48,50251,50253],{"className":50,"code":50252,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(3.14))\n",[19,50254,50255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50256,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50258,64],{"class":63},[57,50260,68],{"class":67},[57,50262,9302],{"class":63},[57,50264,68],{"class":67},[57,50266,38307],{"class":80},[57,50268,84],{"class":67},[15,50270,50271,50272,972],{},"And with ",[19,50273,1890],{},[48,50275,50277],{"className":50,"code":50276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[19,50278,50279,50287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50280,50281,50283,50285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50282,525],{"class":285},[57,50284,289],{"class":76},[57,50286,46695],{"class":1965},[57,50288,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50290,64],{"class":63},[57,50292,68],{"class":67},[57,50294,9302],{"class":63},[57,50296,68],{"class":67},[57,50298,552],{"class":238},[57,50300,84],{"class":67},[15,50302,50303,50304,498],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[373,50305,50307],{"href":50306},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[43,50309,50311],{"id":50310},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[15,50313,50314,50315,50317],{},"Before using ",[19,50316,40526],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[15,50319,50320],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[48,50322,50324],{"className":50,"code":50323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[19,50325,50326,50334,50338,50348,50362,50380,50398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50327,50328,50330,50332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50329,525],{"class":285},[57,50331,289],{"class":76},[57,50333,46695],{"class":1965},[57,50335,50336],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50337,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,50339,50340,50342,50344,50346],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,50341,64],{"class":63},[57,50343,68],{"class":67},[57,50345,552],{"class":238},[57,50347,242],{"class":67},[57,50349,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358,50360],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,50351,64],{"class":63},[57,50353,68],{"class":67},[57,50355,1315],{"class":990},[57,50357,68],{"class":67},[57,50359,552],{"class":238},[57,50361,84],{"class":67},[57,50363,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,50365,64],{"class":63},[57,50367,68],{"class":67},[57,50369,47043],{"class":63},[57,50371,68],{"class":67},[57,50373,552],{"class":238},[57,50375,1081],{"class":67},[57,50377,47072],{"class":990},[57,50379,84],{"class":67},[57,50381,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394,50396],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,50383,64],{"class":63},[57,50385,68],{"class":67},[57,50387,47043],{"class":63},[57,50389,68],{"class":67},[57,50391,552],{"class":238},[57,50393,1081],{"class":67},[57,50395,20712],{"class":990},[57,50397,84],{"class":67},[57,50399,50400,50402,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,50401,64],{"class":63},[57,50403,68],{"class":67},[57,50405,47043],{"class":63},[57,50407,68],{"class":67},[57,50409,552],{"class":238},[57,50411,1081],{"class":67},[57,50413,7307],{"class":990},[57,50415,84],{"class":67},[15,50417,50418],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[15,50420,50421],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[48,50423,50425],{"className":50,"code":50424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[19,50426,50427,50439,50443,50457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50428,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50430,525],{"class":285},[57,50432,289],{"class":76},[57,50434,1449],{"class":938},[57,50436,1958],{"class":942},[57,50438,1455],{"class":938},[57,50440,50441],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50442,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,50444,50445,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,50446,5126],{"class":1990},[57,50448,19736],{"class":285},[57,50450,10337],{"class":76},[57,50452,6232],{"class":76},[57,50454,1966],{"class":1965},[57,50456,4520],{"class":67},[57,50458,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,50460,6201],{"class":63},[57,50462,68],{"class":67},[57,50464,9302],{"class":63},[57,50466,68],{"class":67},[57,50468,552],{"class":238},[57,50470,84],{"class":67},[15,50472,50473,50474,498],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[373,50475,6576],{"href":375},[43,50477,913],{"id":912},[15,50479,21247,50480,972],{},[19,50481,40526],{},[27,50483,50484,50492,50500,50508,50514],{},[30,50485,6551,50486,50488,50489],{},[19,50487,40526],{}," on an integer like ",[19,50490,50491],{},"len(5)",[30,50493,6551,50494,50496,50497],{},[19,50495,40526],{}," on a float like ",[19,50498,50499],{},"len(3.14)",[30,50501,6551,50502,50504,50505,50507],{},[19,50503,40526],{}," on ",[19,50506,1890],{}," after a function returns nothing",[30,50509,2698,50510,50513],{},[19,50511,50512],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[30,50515,50516],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[15,50518,50519],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[48,50521,50523],{"className":50,"code":50522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[19,50524,50525,50561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50526,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555,50557,50559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50528,11350],{"class":285},[57,50530,289],{"class":76},[57,50532,8629],{"class":67},[57,50534,939],{"class":938},[57,50536,5798],{"class":942},[57,50538,939],{"class":938},[57,50540,972],{"class":67},[57,50542,1449],{"class":938},[57,50544,11025],{"class":942},[57,50546,939],{"class":938},[57,50548,1081],{"class":67},[57,50550,1449],{"class":938},[57,50552,7436],{"class":942},[57,50554,939],{"class":938},[57,50556,972],{"class":67},[57,50558,5921],{"class":80},[57,50560,7446],{"class":67},[57,50562,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573,50575],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50564,64],{"class":63},[57,50566,68],{"class":67},[57,50568,9302],{"class":63},[57,50570,68],{"class":67},[57,50572,15456],{"class":238},[57,50574,3485],{"class":67},[57,50576,49584],{"class":1772},[15,50578,35757,50579,50581,50582,2511,50584,498],{},[19,50580,116],{}," because there are two keys: ",[19,50583,13387],{},[19,50585,50586],{},"\"age\"",[15,50588,50589],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[48,50591,50593],{"className":50,"code":50592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[19,50594,50595,50608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50596,50597,50599,50601,50603,50606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50598,32846],{"class":285},[57,50600,289],{"class":76},[57,50602,1449],{"class":938},[57,50604,50605],{"class":942},"a b",[57,50607,1455],{"class":938},[57,50609,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50611,64],{"class":63},[57,50613,68],{"class":67},[57,50615,9302],{"class":63},[57,50617,68],{"class":67},[57,50619,32867],{"class":238},[57,50621,3485],{"class":67},[57,50623,48939],{"class":1772},[15,50625,50626],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[43,50628,1554],{"id":1553},[616,50630,50632],{"id":50631},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[15,50634,50635],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[616,50637,50639],{"id":50638},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[15,50641,50642],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[616,50644,50646],{"id":50645},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[15,50648,50649],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[616,50651,50653],{"id":50652},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[15,50655,50656,50657,50659,50660,965,50662,50664,50665,498],{},"No. Using ",[19,50658,40526],{}," on an ",[19,50661,255],{},[19,50663,259],{}," raises a ",[19,50666,1097],{},[616,50668,50670],{"id":50669},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[15,50672,5893,50673,498],{},[19,50674,50675],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[15,50677,275],{},[48,50679,50681],{"className":50,"code":50680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[19,50682,50683,50691,50695,50713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50684,50685,50687,50689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50686,6441],{"class":285},[57,50688,289],{"class":76},[57,50690,5970],{"class":67},[57,50692,50693],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50694,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,50696,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,50698,5126],{"class":1990},[57,50700,36549],{"class":63},[57,50702,68],{"class":67},[57,50704,6472],{"class":238},[57,50706,1769],{"class":67},[57,50708,4535],{"class":76},[57,50710,1946],{"class":80},[57,50712,4520],{"class":67},[57,50714,50715,50717,50719,50721,50724,50726],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,50716,6201],{"class":63},[57,50718,68],{"class":67},[57,50720,939],{"class":938},[57,50722,50723],{"class":942},"Empty list",[57,50725,939],{"class":938},[57,50727,242],{"class":67},[15,50729,50730,50731,50733,50734,50736,50737,50739],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[19,50732,1783],{}," in an ",[19,50735,5126],{}," statement, but ",[19,50738,40526],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[43,50741,1602],{"id":1601},[27,50743,50744,50748,50752,50756,50761,50765,50771],{},[30,50745,50746],{},[373,50747,49145],{"href":49144},[30,50749,50750],{},[373,50751,49149],{"href":49148},[30,50753,50754],{},[373,50755,7292],{"href":7291},[30,50757,50758],{},[373,50759,50760],{"href":49715},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[30,50762,50763],{},[373,50764,6576],{"href":375},[30,50766,50767],{},[373,50768,50770],{"href":50769},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[30,50772,50773],{},[373,50774,50775],{"href":50306},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1634,50777,50778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":50780},[50781,50782,50783,50784,50785,50786,50787,50793,50794,50795,50796,50803],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":48947,"depth":87,"text":48948},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":49292,"depth":87,"text":49293},{"id":49479,"depth":87,"text":49480},{"id":49719,"depth":87,"text":49720},{"id":39209,"depth":87,"text":39210,"children":50788},[50789,50790,50791,50792],{"id":49938,"depth":103,"text":49939},{"id":49992,"depth":103,"text":49993},{"id":50043,"depth":103,"text":50044},{"id":50124,"depth":103,"text":50125},{"id":50196,"depth":87,"text":50197},{"id":50310,"depth":87,"text":50311},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":50797},[50798,50799,50800,50801,50802],{"id":50631,"depth":103,"text":50632},{"id":50638,"depth":103,"text":50639},{"id":50645,"depth":103,"text":50646},{"id":50652,"depth":103,"text":50653},{"id":50669,"depth":103,"text":50670},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":48830,"description":50804},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":50811,"title":50812,"body":50813,"description":52498,"extension":1666,"meta":52499,"navigation":317,"path":52500,"seo":52501,"stem":52502,"__hash__":52503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":8,"value":50814,"toc":52471},[50815,50818,50832,50838,50840,50894,50899,50903,50919,50922,50936,50942,50944,50947,50966,50982,50984,51060,51062,51099,51110,51112,51115,51176,51178,51211,51214,51220,51224,51227,51352,51354,51413,51421,51474,51476,51503,51509,51519,51523,51526,51531,51583,51585,51611,51617,51671,51673,51698,51701,51725,51731,51733,51737,51739,51796,51798,51806,51808,51830,51832,51885,51887,51911,51915,51917,51956,51958,51966,51972,51976,52028,52030,52056,52064,52068,52073,52082,52084,52150,52152,52184,52188,52193,52195,52209,52212,52285,52287,52313,52315,52319,52326,52330,52337,52341,52344,52346,52399,52401,52427,52431,52440,52442,52468],[11,50816,50812],{"id":50817},"python-list-append-method",[15,50819,17,50820,50823,50824,50827,50828,50831],{},[19,50821,50822],{},"append()"," method adds ",[1854,50825,50826],{},"one item"," to the ",[1854,50829,50830],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[15,50833,50834,50835,50837],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[1854,50836,2750],{}," create a new list.",[43,50839,1714],{"id":1713},[48,50841,50843],{"className":50,"code":50842,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,50844,50845,50865,50879,50889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50846,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50848,1724],{"class":285},[57,50850,289],{"class":76},[57,50852,1729],{"class":67},[57,50854,1078],{"class":80},[57,50856,1081],{"class":67},[57,50858,1084],{"class":80},[57,50860,1081],{"class":67},[57,50862,530],{"class":80},[57,50864,1742],{"class":67},[57,50866,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,50868,1756],{"class":285},[57,50870,498],{"class":67},[57,50872,11699],{"class":238},[57,50874,68],{"class":67},[57,50876,585],{"class":80},[57,50878,242],{"class":67},[57,50880,50881,50883,50885,50887],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,50882,64],{"class":63},[57,50884,68],{"class":67},[57,50886,1756],{"class":238},[57,50888,242],{"class":67},[57,50890,50891],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,50892,50893],{"class":1772},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,50895,154,50896,50898],{},[19,50897,50822],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[43,50900,50902],{"id":50901},"what-append-does","What append() does",[27,50904,50905,50910,50913,50916],{},[30,50906,50907,50909],{},[19,50908,50822],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[30,50911,50912],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[30,50914,50915],{},"It does not create a new list",[30,50917,50918],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[15,50920,50921],{},"This means you can append:",[27,50923,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934],{},[30,50925,1756],{},[30,50927,3432],{},[30,50929,38758],{},[30,50931,3423],{},[30,50933,5380],{},[30,50935,32820],{},[15,50937,50938,50939,498],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[373,50940,50941],{"href":49148},"Python lists explained for beginners",[43,50943,3555],{"id":3554},[15,50945,50946],{},"Basic form:",[48,50948,50950],{"className":50,"code":50949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.append(item)\n",[19,50951,50952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50953,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50955,6472],{"class":285},[57,50957,498],{"class":67},[57,50959,11699],{"class":238},[57,50961,68],{"class":67},[57,50963,21463],{"class":238},[57,50965,242],{"class":67},[27,50967,50968,50973,50978],{},[30,50969,50970,50972],{},[19,50971,6472],{}," is the list you want to change",[30,50974,50975,50977],{},[19,50976,21463],{}," is the value or object to add",[30,50979,10054,50980],{},[19,50981,1890],{},[15,50983,275],{},[48,50985,50987],{"className":50,"code":50986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[19,50988,50989,51013,51036,51040,51050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50990,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50992,34400],{"class":285},[57,50994,289],{"class":76},[57,50996,1729],{"class":67},[57,50998,939],{"class":938},[57,51000,2195],{"class":942},[57,51002,939],{"class":938},[57,51004,1081],{"class":67},[57,51006,1449],{"class":938},[57,51008,2204],{"class":942},[57,51010,939],{"class":938},[57,51012,1742],{"class":67},[57,51014,51015,51017,51019,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51016,300],{"class":285},[57,51018,289],{"class":76},[57,51020,51021],{"class":285}," fruits",[57,51023,498],{"class":67},[57,51025,11699],{"class":238},[57,51027,68],{"class":67},[57,51029,939],{"class":938},[57,51031,31378],{"class":942},[57,51033,939],{"class":938},[57,51035,242],{"class":67},[57,51037,51038],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51039,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51041,51042,51044,51046,51048],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51043,64],{"class":63},[57,51045,68],{"class":67},[57,51047,34452],{"class":238},[57,51049,242],{"class":67},[57,51051,51052,51054,51056,51058],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,51053,64],{"class":63},[57,51055,68],{"class":67},[57,51057,339],{"class":238},[57,51059,242],{"class":67},[15,51061,131],{},[48,51063,51065],{"className":50,"code":51064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[19,51066,51067,51095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51068,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51070,2015],{"class":67},[57,51072,1395],{"class":938},[57,51074,2195],{"class":942},[57,51076,1395],{"class":938},[57,51078,1081],{"class":67},[57,51080,1390],{"class":938},[57,51082,2204],{"class":942},[57,51084,1395],{"class":938},[57,51086,1081],{"class":67},[57,51088,1390],{"class":938},[57,51090,31378],{"class":942},[57,51092,1395],{"class":938},[57,51094,1742],{"class":67},[57,51096,51097],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51098,9951],{"class":1965},[15,51100,51101,51102,51104,51105,51107,51108,498],{},"The important detail is that ",[19,51103,50822],{}," updates ",[19,51106,34452],{},", but the method itself returns ",[19,51109,1890],{},[43,51111,9617],{"id":9616},[15,51113,51114],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[48,51116,51118],{"className":50,"code":51117,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[19,51119,51120,51144,51162,51166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51121,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51123,11221],{"class":285},[57,51125,289],{"class":76},[57,51127,1729],{"class":67},[57,51129,939],{"class":938},[57,51131,11238],{"class":942},[57,51133,939],{"class":938},[57,51135,1081],{"class":67},[57,51137,1449],{"class":938},[57,51139,11255],{"class":942},[57,51141,939],{"class":938},[57,51143,1742],{"class":67},[57,51145,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51147,15652],{"class":285},[57,51149,498],{"class":67},[57,51151,11699],{"class":238},[57,51153,68],{"class":67},[57,51155,939],{"class":938},[57,51157,15605],{"class":942},[57,51159,939],{"class":938},[57,51161,242],{"class":67},[57,51163,51164],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51165,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51167,51168,51170,51172,51174],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51169,64],{"class":63},[57,51171,68],{"class":67},[57,51173,15652],{"class":238},[57,51175,242],{"class":67},[15,51177,131],{},[48,51179,51181],{"className":50,"code":51180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[19,51182,51183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51184,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51186,2015],{"class":67},[57,51188,1395],{"class":938},[57,51190,11238],{"class":942},[57,51192,1395],{"class":938},[57,51194,1081],{"class":67},[57,51196,1390],{"class":938},[57,51198,11255],{"class":942},[57,51200,1395],{"class":938},[57,51202,1081],{"class":67},[57,51204,1390],{"class":938},[57,51206,15605],{"class":942},[57,51208,1395],{"class":938},[57,51210,1742],{"class":67},[15,51212,51213],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[15,51215,29239,51216,498],{},[373,51217,51219],{"href":51218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[43,51221,51223],{"id":51222},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[15,51225,51226],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[48,51228,51230],{"className":50,"code":51229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,51231,51232,51240,51244,51258,51276,51290,51316,51338,51342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51233,51234,51236,51238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51235,5910],{"class":285},[57,51237,289],{"class":76},[57,51239,5970],{"class":67},[57,51241,51242],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51243,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51245,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51247,5941],{"class":285},[57,51249,498],{"class":67},[57,51251,11699],{"class":238},[57,51253,68],{"class":67},[57,51255,407],{"class":80},[57,51257,242],{"class":67},[57,51259,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51261,5941],{"class":285},[57,51263,498],{"class":67},[57,51265,11699],{"class":238},[57,51267,68],{"class":67},[57,51269,939],{"class":938},[57,51271,1958],{"class":942},[57,51273,939],{"class":938},[57,51275,242],{"class":67},[57,51277,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,51279,5941],{"class":285},[57,51281,498],{"class":67},[57,51283,11699],{"class":238},[57,51285,68],{"class":67},[57,51287,1709],{"class":1965},[57,51289,242],{"class":67},[57,51291,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310,51312,51314],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,51293,5941],{"class":285},[57,51295,498],{"class":67},[57,51297,11699],{"class":238},[57,51299,3654],{"class":67},[57,51301,939],{"class":938},[57,51303,5798],{"class":942},[57,51305,939],{"class":938},[57,51307,972],{"class":67},[57,51309,1449],{"class":938},[57,51311,5807],{"class":942},[57,51313,939],{"class":938},[57,51315,28652],{"class":67},[57,51317,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,51319,5941],{"class":285},[57,51321,498],{"class":67},[57,51323,11699],{"class":238},[57,51325,1075],{"class":67},[57,51327,1078],{"class":80},[57,51329,1081],{"class":67},[57,51331,1084],{"class":80},[57,51333,1081],{"class":67},[57,51335,530],{"class":80},[57,51337,2003],{"class":67},[57,51339,51340],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,51341,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,51345,64],{"class":63},[57,51347,68],{"class":67},[57,51349,5941],{"class":238},[57,51351,242],{"class":67},[15,51353,131],{},[48,51355,51357],{"className":50,"code":51356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[19,51358,51359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51360,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51398,51400,51402,51404,51406,51408,51410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51362,2015],{"class":67},[57,51364,407],{"class":80},[57,51366,1081],{"class":67},[57,51368,1390],{"class":938},[57,51370,1958],{"class":942},[57,51372,1395],{"class":938},[57,51374,1081],{"class":67},[57,51376,2031],{"class":1965},[57,51378,1081],{"class":67},[57,51380,8629],{"class":67},[57,51382,1395],{"class":938},[57,51384,5798],{"class":942},[57,51386,1395],{"class":938},[57,51388,972],{"class":67},[57,51390,1390],{"class":938},[57,51392,5807],{"class":942},[57,51394,1395],{"class":938},[57,51396,51397],{"class":67},"},",[57,51399,1729],{"class":67},[57,51401,1078],{"class":80},[57,51403,1081],{"class":67},[57,51405,1084],{"class":80},[57,51407,1081],{"class":67},[57,51409,530],{"class":80},[57,51411,51412],{"class":67},"]]\n",[15,51414,51415,51416,40320,51418,498],{},"A list added with ",[19,51417,50822],{},[1854,51419,51420],{},"one single item",[48,51422,51424],{"className":50,"code":51423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,51425,51426,51442,51460,51464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51427,51428,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51429,1724],{"class":285},[57,51431,289],{"class":76},[57,51433,1729],{"class":67},[57,51435,1078],{"class":80},[57,51437,1081],{"class":67},[57,51439,1084],{"class":80},[57,51441,1742],{"class":67},[57,51443,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456,51458],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51445,1756],{"class":285},[57,51447,498],{"class":67},[57,51449,11699],{"class":238},[57,51451,1075],{"class":67},[57,51453,122],{"class":80},[57,51455,1081],{"class":67},[57,51457,536],{"class":80},[57,51459,2003],{"class":67},[57,51461,51462],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51463,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51465,51466,51468,51470,51472],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51467,64],{"class":63},[57,51469,68],{"class":67},[57,51471,1756],{"class":238},[57,51473,242],{"class":67},[15,51475,131],{},[48,51477,51479],{"className":50,"code":51478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[19,51480,51481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51482,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51484,2015],{"class":67},[57,51486,1078],{"class":80},[57,51488,1081],{"class":67},[57,51490,1084],{"class":80},[57,51492,1081],{"class":67},[57,51494,1729],{"class":67},[57,51496,122],{"class":80},[57,51498,1081],{"class":67},[57,51500,536],{"class":80},[57,51502,51412],{"class":67},[15,51504,361,51505,51508],{},[19,51506,51507],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[15,51510,51511,51512,51518],{},"This is different from ",[373,51513,51515],{"href":51514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[19,51516,51517],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[43,51520,51522],{"id":51521},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[15,51524,51525],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[616,51527,6551,51529],{"id":51528},"using-append",[19,51530,50822],{},[48,51532,51533],{"className":50,"code":51423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,51534,51535,51551,51569,51573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51536,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51538,1724],{"class":285},[57,51540,289],{"class":76},[57,51542,1729],{"class":67},[57,51544,1078],{"class":80},[57,51546,1081],{"class":67},[57,51548,1084],{"class":80},[57,51550,1742],{"class":67},[57,51552,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51554,1756],{"class":285},[57,51556,498],{"class":67},[57,51558,11699],{"class":238},[57,51560,1075],{"class":67},[57,51562,122],{"class":80},[57,51564,1081],{"class":67},[57,51566,536],{"class":80},[57,51568,2003],{"class":67},[57,51570,51571],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51572,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51574,51575,51577,51579,51581],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51576,64],{"class":63},[57,51578,68],{"class":67},[57,51580,1756],{"class":238},[57,51582,242],{"class":67},[15,51584,131],{},[48,51586,51587],{"className":50,"code":51478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,51588,51589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51590,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51592,2015],{"class":67},[57,51594,1078],{"class":80},[57,51596,1081],{"class":67},[57,51598,1084],{"class":80},[57,51600,1081],{"class":67},[57,51602,1729],{"class":67},[57,51604,122],{"class":80},[57,51606,1081],{"class":67},[57,51608,536],{"class":80},[57,51610,51412],{"class":67},[616,51612,6551,51614],{"id":51613},"using-extend",[19,51615,51616],{},"extend()",[48,51618,51620],{"className":50,"code":51619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,51621,51622,51638,51657,51661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51623,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634,51636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51625,1724],{"class":285},[57,51627,289],{"class":76},[57,51629,1729],{"class":67},[57,51631,1078],{"class":80},[57,51633,1081],{"class":67},[57,51635,1084],{"class":80},[57,51637,1742],{"class":67},[57,51639,51640,51642,51644,51647,51649,51651,51653,51655],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51641,1756],{"class":285},[57,51643,498],{"class":67},[57,51645,51646],{"class":238},"extend",[57,51648,1075],{"class":67},[57,51650,122],{"class":80},[57,51652,1081],{"class":67},[57,51654,536],{"class":80},[57,51656,2003],{"class":67},[57,51658,51659],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51660,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51662,51663,51665,51667,51669],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51664,64],{"class":63},[57,51666,68],{"class":67},[57,51668,1756],{"class":238},[57,51670,242],{"class":67},[15,51672,131],{},[48,51674,51676],{"className":50,"code":51675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,51677,51678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51679,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51681,2015],{"class":67},[57,51683,1078],{"class":80},[57,51685,1081],{"class":67},[57,51687,1084],{"class":80},[57,51689,1081],{"class":67},[57,51691,530],{"class":80},[57,51693,1081],{"class":67},[57,51695,536],{"class":80},[57,51697,1742],{"class":67},[15,51699,51700],{},"The difference:",[27,51702,51703,51709,51715,51720],{},[30,51704,51705,51708],{},[19,51706,51707],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[30,51710,51711,51714],{},[19,51712,51713],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[30,51716,154,51717,51719],{},[19,51718,50822],{}," for one item",[30,51721,154,51722,51724],{},[19,51723,51616],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[15,51726,51727,51728,498],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[373,51729,51730],{"href":51514},"Python list extend() method",[43,51732,2637],{"id":2636},[616,51734,51736],{"id":51735},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[15,51738,23844],{},[48,51740,51742],{"className":50,"code":51741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,51743,51744,51764,51782,51786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51745,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51747,5910],{"class":285},[57,51749,289],{"class":76},[57,51751,1729],{"class":67},[57,51753,1078],{"class":80},[57,51755,1081],{"class":67},[57,51757,1084],{"class":80},[57,51759,1081],{"class":67},[57,51761,530],{"class":80},[57,51763,1742],{"class":67},[57,51765,51766,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51767,5910],{"class":285},[57,51769,289],{"class":76},[57,51771,4091],{"class":285},[57,51773,498],{"class":67},[57,51775,11699],{"class":238},[57,51777,68],{"class":67},[57,51779,585],{"class":80},[57,51781,242],{"class":67},[57,51783,51784],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51785,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51787,51788,51790,51792,51794],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51789,64],{"class":63},[57,51791,68],{"class":67},[57,51793,5941],{"class":238},[57,51795,242],{"class":67},[15,51797,131],{},[48,51799,51800],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,51801,51802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51803,51804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51805,9951],{"class":1965},[15,51807,10043],{},[27,51809,51810,51815,51821],{},[30,51811,51812,51814],{},[19,51813,50822],{}," changes the list in place",[30,51816,51817,474,51819],{},[19,51818,50822],{},[19,51820,1890],{},[30,51822,51823,51824,51827,51828],{},"So ",[19,51825,51826],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[19,51829,1890],{},[15,51831,8947],{},[48,51833,51835],{"className":50,"code":51834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,51836,51837,51857,51871,51875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51838,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51840,5910],{"class":285},[57,51842,289],{"class":76},[57,51844,1729],{"class":67},[57,51846,1078],{"class":80},[57,51848,1081],{"class":67},[57,51850,1084],{"class":80},[57,51852,1081],{"class":67},[57,51854,530],{"class":80},[57,51856,1742],{"class":67},[57,51858,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51860,5941],{"class":285},[57,51862,498],{"class":67},[57,51864,11699],{"class":238},[57,51866,68],{"class":67},[57,51868,585],{"class":80},[57,51870,242],{"class":67},[57,51872,51873],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,51874,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,51876,51877,51879,51881,51883],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,51878,64],{"class":63},[57,51880,68],{"class":67},[57,51882,5941],{"class":238},[57,51884,242],{"class":67},[15,51886,131],{},[48,51888,51889],{"className":50,"code":51675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,51890,51891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51892,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51894,2015],{"class":67},[57,51896,1078],{"class":80},[57,51898,1081],{"class":67},[57,51900,1084],{"class":80},[57,51902,1081],{"class":67},[57,51904,530],{"class":80},[57,51906,1081],{"class":67},[57,51908,536],{"class":80},[57,51910,1742],{"class":67},[616,51912,51914],{"id":51913},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[15,51916,17064],{},[48,51918,51920],{"className":50,"code":51919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[19,51921,51922,51946],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51923,51924,51926,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51925,30039],{"class":285},[57,51927,289],{"class":76},[57,51929,1729],{"class":67},[57,51931,1078],{"class":80},[57,51933,1081],{"class":67},[57,51935,1084],{"class":80},[57,51937,11696],{"class":67},[57,51939,11699],{"class":238},[57,51941,68],{"class":67},[57,51943,122],{"class":80},[57,51945,242],{"class":67},[57,51947,51948,51950,51952,51954],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51949,64],{"class":63},[57,51951,68],{"class":67},[57,51953,30058],{"class":238},[57,51955,242],{"class":67},[15,51957,131],{},[48,51959,51960],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,51961,51962],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51963,51964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51965,9951],{"class":1965},[15,51967,51968,51969,51971],{},"Remember: ",[19,51970,50822],{}," updates the list you already have.",[616,51973,51975],{"id":51974},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[48,51977,51978],{"className":50,"code":51423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,51979,51980,51996,52014,52018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51981,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51983,1724],{"class":285},[57,51985,289],{"class":76},[57,51987,1729],{"class":67},[57,51989,1078],{"class":80},[57,51991,1081],{"class":67},[57,51993,1084],{"class":80},[57,51995,1742],{"class":67},[57,51997,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,51999,1756],{"class":285},[57,52001,498],{"class":67},[57,52003,11699],{"class":238},[57,52005,1075],{"class":67},[57,52007,122],{"class":80},[57,52009,1081],{"class":67},[57,52011,536],{"class":80},[57,52013,2003],{"class":67},[57,52015,52016],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52017,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52019,52020,52022,52024,52026],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,52021,64],{"class":63},[57,52023,68],{"class":67},[57,52025,1756],{"class":238},[57,52027,242],{"class":67},[15,52029,131],{},[48,52031,52032],{"className":50,"code":51478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,52033,52034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52035,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52037,2015],{"class":67},[57,52039,1078],{"class":80},[57,52041,1081],{"class":67},[57,52043,1084],{"class":80},[57,52045,1081],{"class":67},[57,52047,1729],{"class":67},[57,52049,122],{"class":80},[57,52051,1081],{"class":67},[57,52053,536],{"class":80},[57,52055,51412],{"class":67},[15,52057,1262,52058,52061,52062,4759],{},[19,52059,52060],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[19,52063,51616],{},[616,52065,52067],{"id":52066},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[15,52069,52070,52072],{},[19,52071,50822],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[15,52074,52075,52076,498],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[373,52077,52079],{"href":52078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[19,52080,52081],{},"list.insert()",[15,52083,275],{},[48,52085,52087],{"className":50,"code":52086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[19,52088,52089,52113,52136,52140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52090,52091,52093,52095,52097,52099,52101,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52092,34251],{"class":285},[57,52094,289],{"class":76},[57,52096,1729],{"class":67},[57,52098,939],{"class":938},[57,52100,373],{"class":942},[57,52102,939],{"class":938},[57,52104,1081],{"class":67},[57,52106,1449],{"class":938},[57,52108,7877],{"class":942},[57,52110,939],{"class":938},[57,52112,1742],{"class":67},[57,52114,52115,52117,52119,52122,52124,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52116,34304],{"class":285},[57,52118,498],{"class":67},[57,52120,52121],{"class":238},"insert",[57,52123,68],{"class":67},[57,52125,1078],{"class":80},[57,52127,1081],{"class":67},[57,52129,1449],{"class":938},[57,52131,2881],{"class":942},[57,52133,939],{"class":938},[57,52135,242],{"class":67},[57,52137,52138],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52139,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52141,52142,52144,52146,52148],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,52143,64],{"class":63},[57,52145,68],{"class":67},[57,52147,34304],{"class":238},[57,52149,242],{"class":67},[15,52151,131],{},[48,52153,52154],{"className":50,"code":41041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,52155,52156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52157,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176,52178,52180,52182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52159,2015],{"class":67},[57,52161,1395],{"class":938},[57,52163,373],{"class":942},[57,52165,1395],{"class":938},[57,52167,1081],{"class":67},[57,52169,1390],{"class":938},[57,52171,2881],{"class":942},[57,52173,1395],{"class":938},[57,52175,1081],{"class":67},[57,52177,1390],{"class":938},[57,52179,7877],{"class":942},[57,52181,1395],{"class":938},[57,52183,1742],{"class":67},[43,52185,52187],{"id":52186},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[15,52189,52190,52192],{},[19,52191,50822],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[15,52194,34587],{},[27,52196,52197,52200,52203,52206],{},[30,52198,52199],{},"building a list in a loop",[30,52201,52202],{},"collecting user input",[30,52204,52205],{},"storing results step by step",[30,52207,52208],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[15,52210,52211],{},"Example with a loop:",[48,52213,52215],{"className":50,"code":52214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[19,52216,52217,52226,52230,52251,52270,52274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52218,52219,52222,52224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52220,52221],{"class":285},"squares ",[57,52223,289],{"class":76},[57,52225,5970],{"class":67},[57,52227,52228],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52229,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52231,52232,52234,52236,52238,52241,52243,52245,52247,52249],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52233,4083],{"class":1990},[57,52235,4513],{"class":285},[57,52237,1997],{"class":1990},[57,52239,52240],{"class":63}," range",[57,52242,68],{"class":67},[57,52244,1078],{"class":80},[57,52246,1081],{"class":67},[57,52248,2724],{"class":80},[57,52250,6475],{"class":67},[57,52252,52253,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,52254,52255],{"class":285},"    squares",[57,52257,498],{"class":67},[57,52259,11699],{"class":238},[57,52261,68],{"class":67},[57,52263,286],{"class":238},[57,52265,38036],{"class":76},[57,52267,264],{"class":238},[57,52269,242],{"class":67},[57,52271,52272],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,52273,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52275,52276,52278,52280,52283],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,52277,64],{"class":63},[57,52279,68],{"class":67},[57,52281,52282],{"class":238},"squares",[57,52284,242],{"class":67},[15,52286,131],{},[48,52288,52290],{"className":50,"code":52289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[19,52291,52292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52293,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52307,52309,52311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52295,2015],{"class":67},[57,52297,1078],{"class":80},[57,52299,1081],{"class":67},[57,52301,536],{"class":80},[57,52303,1081],{"class":67},[57,52305,52306],{"class":80}," 9",[57,52308,1081],{"class":67},[57,52310,12134],{"class":80},[57,52312,1742],{"class":67},[43,52314,1554],{"id":1553},[616,52316,52318],{"id":52317},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[15,52320,44532,52321,52323,52324,498],{},[19,52322,50822],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[19,52325,1890],{},[616,52327,52329],{"id":52328},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[15,52331,52332,52333,498],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[373,52334,52335],{"href":51514},[19,52336,51616],{},[616,52338,52340],{"id":52339},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[15,52342,52343],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[15,52345,275],{},[48,52347,52349],{"className":50,"code":52348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[19,52350,52351,52367,52385,52389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52352,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52354,7302],{"class":285},[57,52356,289],{"class":76},[57,52358,1729],{"class":67},[57,52360,1078],{"class":80},[57,52362,1081],{"class":67},[57,52364,1084],{"class":80},[57,52366,1742],{"class":67},[57,52368,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379,52381,52383],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52370,7341],{"class":285},[57,52372,498],{"class":67},[57,52374,11699],{"class":238},[57,52376,1075],{"class":67},[57,52378,122],{"class":80},[57,52380,1081],{"class":67},[57,52382,536],{"class":80},[57,52384,2003],{"class":67},[57,52386,52387],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52388,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52390,52391,52393,52395,52397],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,52392,64],{"class":63},[57,52394,68],{"class":67},[57,52396,7341],{"class":238},[57,52398,242],{"class":67},[15,52400,131],{},[48,52402,52403],{"className":50,"code":51478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,52404,52405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52406,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52408,2015],{"class":67},[57,52410,1078],{"class":80},[57,52412,1081],{"class":67},[57,52414,1084],{"class":80},[57,52416,1081],{"class":67},[57,52418,1729],{"class":67},[57,52420,122],{"class":80},[57,52422,1081],{"class":67},[57,52424,536],{"class":80},[57,52426,51412],{"class":67},[616,52428,52430],{"id":52429},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[15,52432,52433,52435,52436,52439],{},[19,52434,50822],{}," adds at the end. ",[19,52437,52438],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[43,52441,1602],{"id":1601},[27,52443,52444,52449,52453,52458,52462],{},[30,52445,52446],{},[373,52447,52448],{"href":51218},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[30,52450,52451],{},[373,52452,51730],{"href":51514},[30,52454,52455],{},[373,52456,52457],{"href":52078},"Python list insert() method",[30,52459,52460],{},[373,52461,50941],{"href":49148},[30,52463,52464],{},[373,52465,52467],{"href":52466},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1634,52469,52470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":52472},[52473,52474,52475,52476,52477,52478,52484,52490,52491,52497],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":50901,"depth":87,"text":50902},{"id":3554,"depth":87,"text":3555},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":51222,"depth":87,"text":51223},{"id":51521,"depth":87,"text":51522,"children":52479},[52480,52482],{"id":51528,"depth":103,"text":52481},"Using append()",{"id":51613,"depth":103,"text":52483},"Using extend()",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":52485},[52486,52487,52488,52489],{"id":51735,"depth":103,"text":51736},{"id":51913,"depth":103,"text":51914},{"id":51974,"depth":103,"text":51975},{"id":52066,"depth":103,"text":52067},{"id":52186,"depth":87,"text":52187},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":52492},[52493,52494,52495,52496],{"id":52317,"depth":103,"text":52318},{"id":52328,"depth":103,"text":52329},{"id":52339,"depth":103,"text":52340},{"id":52429,"depth":103,"text":52430},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":50812,"description":52498},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":52505,"title":52506,"body":52507,"description":53751,"extension":1666,"meta":53752,"navigation":317,"path":53753,"seo":53754,"stem":53755,"__hash__":53756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":8,"value":52508,"toc":53716},[52509,52515,52521,52527,52529,52577,52582,52587,52591,52607,52613,52615,52618,52633,52635,52646,52648,52650,52707,52709,52717,52719,52735,52741,52743,52749,52753,52837,52840,52889,52896,52904,52907,52921,52934,52940,53015,53022,53029,53103,53111,53114,53125,53134,53138,53142,53153,53155,53232,53253,53255,53265,53268,53316,53318,53339,53342,53344,53395,53401,53408,53475,53481,53487,53490,53517,53522,53528,53531,53603,53606,53617,53623,53625,53631,53634,53640,53646,53653,53661,53667,53673,53675,53713],[11,52510,52512,52513,9463],{"id":52511},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[19,52514,9462],{},[15,52516,52517,52520],{},[19,52518,52519],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[15,52522,52523,52524,52526],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[1854,52525,9475],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[43,52528,1714],{"id":1713},[48,52530,52532],{"className":50,"code":52531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[19,52533,52534,52554,52564],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52535,52536,52538,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52537,5910],{"class":285},[57,52539,289],{"class":76},[57,52541,1729],{"class":67},[57,52543,1078],{"class":80},[57,52545,1081],{"class":67},[57,52547,1084],{"class":80},[57,52549,1081],{"class":67},[57,52551,530],{"class":80},[57,52553,1742],{"class":67},[57,52555,52556,52558,52560,52562],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52557,5941],{"class":285},[57,52559,498],{"class":67},[57,52561,9524],{"class":238},[57,52563,6778],{"class":67},[57,52565,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52567,64],{"class":63},[57,52569,68],{"class":67},[57,52571,5941],{"class":238},[57,52573,1769],{"class":67},[57,52575,52576],{"class":1772},"  # []\n",[15,52578,154,52579,52581],{},[19,52580,9462],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[43,52583,1787,52585,1790],{"id":52584},"what-listclear-does",[19,52586,52519],{},[15,52588,52589,972],{},[19,52590,52519],{},[27,52592,52593,52596,52599,52604],{},[30,52594,52595],{},"Removes every item from a list",[30,52597,52598],{},"Changes the original list in place",[30,52600,52601,52602],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[19,52603,1899],{},[30,52605,52606],{},"Takes no arguments",[15,52608,52609,52610,52612],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[19,52611,9462],{},", but it contains no values.",[43,52614,221],{"id":220},[15,52616,52617],{},"Syntax:",[48,52619,52621],{"className":50,"code":52620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.clear()\n",[19,52622,52623],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52624,52625,52627,52629,52631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52626,6472],{"class":285},[57,52628,498],{"class":67},[57,52630,9524],{"class":238},[57,52632,6778],{"class":67},[15,52634,9600],{},[27,52636,52637,52640,52643],{},[30,52638,52639],{},"Call it on a list object",[30,52641,52642],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[30,52644,52645],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[43,52647,9617],{"id":9616},[15,52649,9620],{},[48,52651,52653],{"className":50,"code":52652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,52654,52655,52679,52683,52693,52697],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52656,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52658,1724],{"class":285},[57,52660,289],{"class":76},[57,52662,1729],{"class":67},[57,52664,407],{"class":80},[57,52666,1081],{"class":67},[57,52668,5921],{"class":80},[57,52670,1081],{"class":67},[57,52672,5926],{"class":80},[57,52674,1081],{"class":67},[57,52676,49012],{"class":80},[57,52678,1742],{"class":67},[57,52680,52681],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52682,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52684,52685,52687,52689,52691],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52686,1756],{"class":285},[57,52688,498],{"class":67},[57,52690,9524],{"class":238},[57,52692,6778],{"class":67},[57,52694,52695],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,52696,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52698,52699,52701,52703,52705],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,52700,64],{"class":63},[57,52702,68],{"class":67},[57,52704,1756],{"class":238},[57,52706,242],{"class":67},[15,52708,131],{},[48,52710,52711],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,52712,52713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52714,52715],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52716,36460],{"class":67},[15,52718,9826],{},[27,52720,52721,52726,52732],{},[30,52722,52723,52725],{},[19,52724,1756],{}," starts with four items",[30,52727,52728,52731],{},[19,52729,52730],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[30,52733,52734],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[15,52736,52737,52738,498],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[373,52739,50941],{"href":52740},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[43,52742,15568],{"id":15567},[15,52744,52745,474,52747,498],{},[19,52746,9462],{},[19,52748,1890],{},[15,52750,39070,52751,50837],{},[1854,52752,2750],{},[48,52754,52756],{"className":50,"code":52755,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[19,52757,52758,52790,52794,52808,52812,52825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52759,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52761,5910],{"class":285},[57,52763,289],{"class":76},[57,52765,1729],{"class":67},[57,52767,939],{"class":938},[57,52769,373],{"class":942},[57,52771,939],{"class":938},[57,52773,1081],{"class":67},[57,52775,1449],{"class":938},[57,52777,2881],{"class":942},[57,52779,939],{"class":938},[57,52781,1081],{"class":67},[57,52783,1449],{"class":938},[57,52785,7877],{"class":942},[57,52787,939],{"class":938},[57,52789,1742],{"class":67},[57,52791,52792],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52793,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52795,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52797,300],{"class":285},[57,52799,289],{"class":76},[57,52801,4091],{"class":285},[57,52803,498],{"class":67},[57,52805,9524],{"class":238},[57,52807,6778],{"class":67},[57,52809,52810],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,52811,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52813,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,52815,64],{"class":63},[57,52817,68],{"class":67},[57,52819,5941],{"class":238},[57,52821,1769],{"class":67},[57,52823,52824],{"class":1772},"   # []\n",[57,52826,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,52828,64],{"class":63},[57,52830,68],{"class":67},[57,52832,339],{"class":238},[57,52834,1769],{"class":67},[57,52836,19027],{"class":1772},[15,52838,52839],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[48,52841,52843],{"className":50,"code":52842,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[19,52844,52845,52865,52879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52846,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52848,5910],{"class":285},[57,52850,289],{"class":76},[57,52852,1729],{"class":67},[57,52854,1078],{"class":80},[57,52856,1081],{"class":67},[57,52858,1084],{"class":80},[57,52860,1081],{"class":67},[57,52862,530],{"class":80},[57,52864,1742],{"class":67},[57,52866,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52868,5910],{"class":285},[57,52870,289],{"class":76},[57,52872,4091],{"class":285},[57,52874,498],{"class":67},[57,52876,9524],{"class":238},[57,52878,6778],{"class":67},[57,52880,52881,52883,52885,52887],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52882,64],{"class":63},[57,52884,68],{"class":67},[57,52886,5941],{"class":238},[57,52888,242],{"class":67},[15,52890,10059,52891,40320,52893,52895],{},[19,52892,5941],{},[19,52894,1890],{},", not an empty list.",[43,52897,52899,52901,52902],{"id":52898},"clear-vs-assigning",[19,52900,9462],{}," vs assigning ",[19,52903,1899],{},[15,52905,52906],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[48,52908,52909],{"className":50,"code":52620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,52910,52911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52912,52913,52915,52917,52919],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52914,6472],{"class":285},[57,52916,498],{"class":67},[57,52918,9524],{"class":238},[57,52920,6778],{"class":67},[48,52922,52924],{"className":50,"code":52923,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n",[19,52925,52926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52927,52928,52930,52932],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52929,6441],{"class":285},[57,52931,289],{"class":76},[57,52933,5970],{"class":67},[616,52935,52937,52939],{"id":52936},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[19,52938,9462],{}," empties the same list object",[48,52941,52943],{"className":50,"code":52942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[19,52944,52945,52965,52973,52977,52987,52991,53003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52946,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52948,636],{"class":285},[57,52950,289],{"class":76},[57,52952,1729],{"class":67},[57,52954,1078],{"class":80},[57,52956,1081],{"class":67},[57,52958,1084],{"class":80},[57,52960,1081],{"class":67},[57,52962,530],{"class":80},[57,52964,1742],{"class":67},[57,52966,52967,52969,52971],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,52968,664],{"class":285},[57,52970,289],{"class":76},[57,52972,34336],{"class":285},[57,52974,52975],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,52976,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52978,52979,52981,52983,52985],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,52980,373],{"class":285},[57,52982,498],{"class":67},[57,52984,9524],{"class":238},[57,52986,6778],{"class":67},[57,52988,52989],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,52990,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,52992,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,52994,64],{"class":63},[57,52996,68],{"class":67},[57,52998,373],{"class":238},[57,53000,1769],{"class":67},[57,53002,52576],{"class":1772},[57,53004,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,53006,64],{"class":63},[57,53008,68],{"class":67},[57,53010,2881],{"class":238},[57,53012,1769],{"class":67},[57,53014,52576],{"class":1772},[15,53016,8729,53017,2511,53019,53021],{},[19,53018,373],{},[19,53020,2881],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[616,53023,53025,53028],{"id":53024},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[19,53026,53027],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[48,53030,53032],{"className":50,"code":53031,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[19,53033,53034,53054,53062,53066,53074,53078,53090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53035,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53037,636],{"class":285},[57,53039,289],{"class":76},[57,53041,1729],{"class":67},[57,53043,1078],{"class":80},[57,53045,1081],{"class":67},[57,53047,1084],{"class":80},[57,53049,1081],{"class":67},[57,53051,530],{"class":80},[57,53053,1742],{"class":67},[57,53055,53056,53058,53060],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53057,664],{"class":285},[57,53059,289],{"class":76},[57,53061,34336],{"class":285},[57,53063,53064],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53065,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53067,53068,53070,53072],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53069,636],{"class":285},[57,53071,289],{"class":76},[57,53073,5970],{"class":67},[57,53075,53076],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,53077,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53079,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,53081,64],{"class":63},[57,53083,68],{"class":67},[57,53085,373],{"class":238},[57,53087,1769],{"class":67},[57,53089,52576],{"class":1772},[57,53091,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,53093,64],{"class":63},[57,53095,68],{"class":67},[57,53097,2881],{"class":238},[57,53099,1769],{"class":67},[57,53101,53102],{"class":1772},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,53104,18922,53105,53107,53108,53110],{},[19,53106,373],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[19,53109,2881],{}," still points to the original list.",[15,53112,53113],{},"This difference matters when:",[27,53115,53116,53119,53122],{},[30,53117,53118],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[30,53120,53121],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[30,53123,53124],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[15,53126,53127,53128,498],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[373,53129,53131,53132,8880],{"href":53130},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[19,53133,10921],{},[43,53135,3082,53136],{"id":10581},[19,53137,9462],{},[15,53139,154,53140,4444],{},[19,53141,9462],{},[27,53143,53144,53147,53150],{},[30,53145,53146],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[30,53148,53149],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[30,53151,53152],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[15,53154,275],{},[48,53156,53158],{"className":50,"code":53157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[19,53159,53160,53196,53200,53205,53216,53220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53161,53162,53165,53167,53169,53171,53174,53176,53178,53180,53183,53185,53187,53189,53192,53194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53163,53164],{"class":285},"shopping_cart ",[57,53166,289],{"class":76},[57,53168,1729],{"class":67},[57,53170,939],{"class":938},[57,53172,53173],{"class":942},"milk",[57,53175,939],{"class":938},[57,53177,1081],{"class":67},[57,53179,1449],{"class":938},[57,53181,53182],{"class":942},"bread",[57,53184,939],{"class":938},[57,53186,1081],{"class":67},[57,53188,1449],{"class":938},[57,53190,53191],{"class":942},"eggs",[57,53193,939],{"class":938},[57,53195,1742],{"class":67},[57,53197,53198],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53199,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53201,53202],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53203,53204],{"class":1772},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[57,53206,53207,53210,53212,53214],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53208,53209],{"class":285},"shopping_cart",[57,53211,498],{"class":67},[57,53213,9524],{"class":238},[57,53215,6778],{"class":67},[57,53217,53218],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,53219,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53221,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,53223,64],{"class":63},[57,53225,68],{"class":67},[57,53227,53209],{"class":238},[57,53229,1769],{"class":67},[57,53231,52576],{"class":1772},[15,53233,53234,53235,53239,53240,53246,53247,498],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[373,53236,53238],{"href":53237},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[373,53241,53243,8880],{"href":53242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[19,53244,53245],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[373,53248,53250,8880],{"href":53249},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[19,53251,53252],{},"list.pop()",[43,53254,2637],{"id":2636},[616,53256,53258,53259,9232,53262],{"id":53257},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[19,53260,53261],{},"my_list.clear",[19,53263,53264],{},"my_list.clear()",[15,53266,53267],{},"This does not call the method.",[48,53269,53271],{"className":50,"code":53270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[19,53272,53273,53293,53297,53306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53274,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53276,5910],{"class":285},[57,53278,289],{"class":76},[57,53280,1729],{"class":67},[57,53282,1078],{"class":80},[57,53284,1081],{"class":67},[57,53286,1084],{"class":80},[57,53288,1081],{"class":67},[57,53290,530],{"class":80},[57,53292,1742],{"class":67},[57,53294,53295],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53296,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53298,53299,53301,53303],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53300,5941],{"class":285},[57,53302,498],{"class":67},[57,53304,53305],{"class":22903},"clear\n",[57,53307,53308,53310,53312,53314],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53309,64],{"class":63},[57,53311,68],{"class":67},[57,53313,5941],{"class":238},[57,53315,242],{"class":67},[15,53317,131],{},[48,53319,53321],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[19,53322,53323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53324,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53326,2015],{"class":67},[57,53328,1078],{"class":80},[57,53330,1081],{"class":67},[57,53332,1084],{"class":80},[57,53334,1081],{"class":67},[57,53336,530],{"class":80},[57,53338,1742],{"class":67},[15,53340,53341],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[15,53343,8947],{},[48,53345,53347],{"className":50,"code":53346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[19,53348,53349,53369,53373,53383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53350,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53352,5910],{"class":285},[57,53354,289],{"class":76},[57,53356,1729],{"class":67},[57,53358,1078],{"class":80},[57,53360,1081],{"class":67},[57,53362,1084],{"class":80},[57,53364,1081],{"class":67},[57,53366,530],{"class":80},[57,53368,1742],{"class":67},[57,53370,53371],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53372,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53374,53375,53377,53379,53381],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53376,5941],{"class":285},[57,53378,498],{"class":67},[57,53380,9524],{"class":238},[57,53382,6778],{"class":67},[57,53384,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53386,64],{"class":63},[57,53388,68],{"class":67},[57,53390,5941],{"class":238},[57,53392,1769],{"class":67},[57,53394,52576],{"class":1772},[616,53396,6587,53398,53400],{"id":53397},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[19,53399,9462],{}," to return the emptied list",[15,53402,53403,474,53405,53407],{},[19,53404,9462],{},[19,53406,1890],{},", not the list.",[48,53409,53411],{"className":50,"code":53410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[19,53412,53413,53433,53447,53451,53463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53414,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53416,5910],{"class":285},[57,53418,289],{"class":76},[57,53420,1729],{"class":67},[57,53422,1078],{"class":80},[57,53424,1081],{"class":67},[57,53426,1084],{"class":80},[57,53428,1081],{"class":67},[57,53430,530],{"class":80},[57,53432,1742],{"class":67},[57,53434,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53436,300],{"class":285},[57,53438,289],{"class":76},[57,53440,4091],{"class":285},[57,53442,498],{"class":67},[57,53444,9524],{"class":238},[57,53446,6778],{"class":67},[57,53448,53449],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53450,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53452,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53454,64],{"class":63},[57,53456,68],{"class":67},[57,53458,339],{"class":238},[57,53460,1769],{"class":67},[57,53462,19027],{"class":1772},[57,53464,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,53466,64],{"class":63},[57,53468,68],{"class":67},[57,53470,5941],{"class":238},[57,53472,1769],{"class":67},[57,53474,52824],{"class":1772},[616,53476,6551,53478,53480],{"id":53477},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[19,53479,9462],{}," on a value that is not a list",[15,53482,53483,53484,53486],{},"Some types have a ",[19,53485,9462],{}," method, but not all of them.",[15,53488,53489],{},"This will fail:",[48,53491,53493],{"className":50,"code":53492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[19,53494,53495,53507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53498,32846],{"class":285},[57,53500,289],{"class":76},[57,53502,1449],{"class":938},[57,53504,1958],{"class":942},[57,53506,1455],{"class":938},[57,53508,53509,53511,53513,53515],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53510,32867],{"class":285},[57,53512,498],{"class":67},[57,53514,9524],{"class":238},[57,53516,6778],{"class":67},[15,53518,53519,53520,31758],{},"A string does not have a ",[19,53521,9462],{},[15,53523,53524,53525,53527],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[19,53526,1890],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[15,53529,53530],{},"Useful checks:",[48,53532,53534],{"className":50,"code":53533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[19,53535,53536,53546,53560,53574,53583,53593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53537,53538,53540,53542,53544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53539,64],{"class":63},[57,53541,68],{"class":67},[57,53543,6472],{"class":238},[57,53545,242],{"class":67},[57,53547,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53549,64],{"class":63},[57,53551,68],{"class":67},[57,53553,1315],{"class":990},[57,53555,68],{"class":67},[57,53557,6472],{"class":238},[57,53559,84],{"class":67},[57,53561,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53563,64],{"class":63},[57,53565,68],{"class":67},[57,53567,10793],{"class":63},[57,53569,68],{"class":67},[57,53571,6472],{"class":238},[57,53573,84],{"class":67},[57,53575,53576,53578,53580],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53577,41715],{"class":285},[57,53579,289],{"class":76},[57,53581,53582],{"class":285}," my_list\n",[57,53584,53585,53587,53589,53591],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,53586,6472],{"class":285},[57,53588,498],{"class":67},[57,53590,9524],{"class":238},[57,53592,6778],{"class":67},[57,53594,53595,53597,53599,53601],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,53596,64],{"class":63},[57,53598,68],{"class":67},[57,53600,28899],{"class":238},[57,53602,242],{"class":67},[15,53604,53605],{},"These can help you see:",[27,53607,53608,53611,53614],{},[30,53609,53610],{},"What the variable currently contains",[30,53612,53613],{},"Whether it is really a list",[30,53615,53616],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[15,53618,53619,53620,498],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[373,53621,53622],{"href":52466},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[43,53624,1554],{"id":1553},[616,53626,10848,53628,53630],{"id":53627},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[19,53629,52519],{}," delete the list?",[15,53632,53633],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[616,53635,10848,53637,53639],{"id":53636},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[19,53638,52519],{}," return a new list?",[15,53641,53642,53643,53645],{},"No. It returns ",[19,53644,1890],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[616,53647,3302,53649,2511,53651,572],{"id":53648},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[19,53650,9462],{},[19,53652,53027],{},[15,53654,53655,53657,53658,53660],{},[19,53656,9462],{}," empties the same list object. ",[19,53659,53027],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[616,53662,26483,53664,53666],{"id":53663},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[19,53665,9462],{}," on other types?",[15,53668,53669,53670,53672],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[19,53671,9462],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[43,53674,1602],{"id":1601},[27,53676,53677,53681,53686,53693,53700,53706],{},[30,53678,53679],{},[373,53680,50941],{"href":52740},[30,53682,53683],{},[373,53684,53685],{"href":53237},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[30,53687,53688],{},[373,53689,53690,53691,8880],{"href":53249},"Python list ",[19,53692,10907],{},[30,53694,53695],{},[373,53696,53690,53697,8880],{"href":53242},[19,53698,53699],{},"remove()",[30,53701,53702],{},[373,53703,53690,53704,8880],{"href":53130},[19,53705,10921],{},[30,53707,53708],{},[373,53709,28503,53710,31791],{"href":52466},[19,53711,53712],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1634,53714,53715],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":53717},[53718,53719,53721,53722,53723,53724,53731,53732,53740,53750],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":52584,"depth":87,"text":53720},"What list.clear() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":52898,"depth":87,"text":53725,"children":53726},"clear() vs assigning []",[53727,53729],{"id":52936,"depth":103,"text":53728},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":53024,"depth":103,"text":53730},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":10581,"depth":87,"text":10953},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":53733},[53734,53736,53738],{"id":53257,"depth":103,"text":53735},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":53397,"depth":103,"text":53737},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":53477,"depth":103,"text":53739},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":53741},[53742,53744,53746,53748],{"id":53627,"depth":103,"text":53743},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":53636,"depth":103,"text":53745},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":53648,"depth":103,"text":53747},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":53663,"depth":103,"text":53749},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":52506,"description":53751},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":53758,"title":53759,"body":53760,"description":55445,"extension":1666,"meta":55446,"navigation":317,"path":55447,"seo":55448,"stem":55449,"__hash__":55450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":8,"value":53761,"toc":55413},[53762,53767,53773,53781,53783,53872,53879,53884,53888,53902,53904,53981,53983,54044,54047,54049,54051,54072,54075,54089,54092,54137,54139,54147,54150,54156,54162,54165,54242,54244,54289,54292,54297,54380,54382,54423,54428,54432,54438,54440,54448,54451,54544,54546,54604,54607,54623,54628,54638,54643,54645,54650,54655,54658,54660,54717,54720,54773,54779,54784,54788,54805,54807,54891,54893,54934,54942,54944,54949,54955,54957,55020,55025,55095,55099,55134,55137,55139,55178,55182,55258,55264,55270,55275,55297,55300,55319,55327,55329,55335,55338,55345,55353,55358,55361,55365,55371,55379,55382,55384,55410],[11,53763,52512,53765,9463],{"id":53764},"python-list-copy-method",[19,53766,10921],{},[15,53768,53769,53772],{},[19,53770,53771],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[15,53774,53775,53776,12200,53778,53780],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[19,53777,289],{},[1854,53779,2750],{}," make a real copy.",[43,53782,46],{"id":45},[48,53784,53786],{"className":50,"code":53785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,53787,53788,53808,53823,53827,53842,53846,53859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53789,53790,53792,53794,53796,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53791,1724],{"class":285},[57,53793,289],{"class":76},[57,53795,1729],{"class":67},[57,53797,1078],{"class":80},[57,53799,1081],{"class":67},[57,53801,1084],{"class":80},[57,53803,1081],{"class":67},[57,53805,530],{"class":80},[57,53807,1742],{"class":67},[57,53809,53810,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53811,53812],{"class":285},"new_numbers ",[57,53814,289],{"class":76},[57,53816,2380],{"class":285},[57,53818,498],{"class":67},[57,53820,11056],{"class":238},[57,53822,6778],{"class":67},[57,53824,53825],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53826,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53828,53829,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53830,53831],{"class":285},"new_numbers",[57,53833,498],{"class":67},[57,53835,11699],{"class":238},[57,53837,68],{"class":67},[57,53839,585],{"class":80},[57,53841,242],{"class":67},[57,53843,53844],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,53845,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53847,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,53849,64],{"class":63},[57,53851,68],{"class":67},[57,53853,1756],{"class":238},[57,53855,1769],{"class":67},[57,53857,53858],{"class":1772},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[57,53860,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,53862,64],{"class":63},[57,53864,68],{"class":67},[57,53866,53831],{"class":238},[57,53868,1769],{"class":67},[57,53870,53871],{"class":1772},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53873,154,53874,53876,53877,498],{},[19,53875,53771],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[1854,53878,10995],{},[43,53880,1787,53882,1790],{"id":53881},"what-listcopy-does",[19,53883,53771],{},[15,53885,53886,972],{},[19,53887,53771],{},[27,53889,53890,53893,53896,53899],{},[30,53891,53892],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[30,53894,53895],{},"Returns that new list",[30,53897,53898],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[30,53900,53901],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[15,53903,275],{},[48,53905,53907],{"className":50,"code":53906,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[19,53908,53909,53941,53956,53960,53970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53910,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53912,34400],{"class":285},[57,53914,289],{"class":76},[57,53916,1729],{"class":67},[57,53918,939],{"class":938},[57,53920,2195],{"class":942},[57,53922,939],{"class":938},[57,53924,1081],{"class":67},[57,53926,1449],{"class":938},[57,53928,2204],{"class":942},[57,53930,939],{"class":938},[57,53932,1081],{"class":67},[57,53934,1449],{"class":938},[57,53936,31378],{"class":942},[57,53938,939],{"class":938},[57,53940,1742],{"class":67},[57,53942,53943,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,53944,53945],{"class":285},"copied_fruits ",[57,53947,289],{"class":76},[57,53949,51021],{"class":285},[57,53951,498],{"class":67},[57,53953,11056],{"class":238},[57,53955,6778],{"class":67},[57,53957,53958],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,53959,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,53961,53962,53964,53966,53968],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,53963,64],{"class":63},[57,53965,68],{"class":67},[57,53967,34452],{"class":238},[57,53969,242],{"class":67},[57,53971,53972,53974,53976,53979],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,53973,64],{"class":63},[57,53975,68],{"class":67},[57,53977,53978],{"class":238},"copied_fruits",[57,53980,242],{"class":67},[15,53982,131],{},[48,53984,53986],{"className":50,"code":53985,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[19,53987,53988,54016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53989,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53991,2015],{"class":67},[57,53993,1395],{"class":938},[57,53995,2195],{"class":942},[57,53997,1395],{"class":938},[57,53999,1081],{"class":67},[57,54001,1390],{"class":938},[57,54003,2204],{"class":942},[57,54005,1395],{"class":938},[57,54007,1081],{"class":67},[57,54009,1390],{"class":938},[57,54011,31378],{"class":942},[57,54013,1395],{"class":938},[57,54015,1742],{"class":67},[57,54017,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54019,2015],{"class":67},[57,54021,1395],{"class":938},[57,54023,2195],{"class":942},[57,54025,1395],{"class":938},[57,54027,1081],{"class":67},[57,54029,1390],{"class":938},[57,54031,2204],{"class":942},[57,54033,1395],{"class":938},[57,54035,1081],{"class":67},[57,54037,1390],{"class":938},[57,54039,31378],{"class":942},[57,54041,1395],{"class":938},[57,54043,1742],{"class":67},[15,54045,54046],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[43,54048,221],{"id":220},[15,54050,224],{},[48,54052,54054],{"className":50,"code":54053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[19,54055,54056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54057,54058,54061,54063,54066,54068,54070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54059,54060],{"class":285},"new_list ",[57,54062,289],{"class":76},[57,54064,54065],{"class":285}," old_list",[57,54067,498],{"class":67},[57,54069,11056],{"class":238},[57,54071,6778],{"class":67},[15,54073,54074],{},"How it works:",[27,54076,54077,54083,54086],{},[30,54078,54079,54080,54082],{},"Call ",[19,54081,10921],{}," on an existing list",[30,54084,54085],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[30,54087,54088],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[15,54090,54091],{},"Example with an empty list:",[48,54093,54095],{"className":50,"code":54094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[19,54096,54097,54106,54122,54126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54098,54099,54102,54104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54100,54101],{"class":285},"empty_list ",[57,54103,289],{"class":76},[57,54105,5970],{"class":67},[57,54107,54108,54111,54113,54116,54118,54120],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54109,54110],{"class":285},"new_empty_list ",[57,54112,289],{"class":76},[57,54114,54115],{"class":285}," empty_list",[57,54117,498],{"class":67},[57,54119,11056],{"class":238},[57,54121,6778],{"class":67},[57,54123,54124],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54125,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54127,54128,54130,54132,54135],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,54129,64],{"class":63},[57,54131,68],{"class":67},[57,54133,54134],{"class":238},"new_empty_list",[57,54136,242],{"class":67},[15,54138,131],{},[48,54140,54141],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,54142,54143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54144,54145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54146,36460],{"class":67},[15,54148,54149],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[43,54151,54153,54154],{"id":54152},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[19,54155,289],{},[15,54157,6551,54158,12200,54160,50837],{},[19,54159,289],{},[1854,54161,2750],{},[15,54163,54164],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[48,54166,54168],{"className":50,"code":54167,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[19,54169,54170,54190,54199,54203,54218,54222,54232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54171,54172,54174,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54173,1724],{"class":285},[57,54175,289],{"class":76},[57,54177,1729],{"class":67},[57,54179,1078],{"class":80},[57,54181,1081],{"class":67},[57,54183,1084],{"class":80},[57,54185,1081],{"class":67},[57,54187,530],{"class":80},[57,54189,1742],{"class":67},[57,54191,54192,54195,54197],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54193,54194],{"class":285},"same_list ",[57,54196,289],{"class":76},[57,54198,42148],{"class":285},[57,54200,54201],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54202,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54204,54205,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,54206,54207],{"class":285},"same_list",[57,54209,498],{"class":67},[57,54211,11699],{"class":238},[57,54213,68],{"class":67},[57,54215,585],{"class":80},[57,54217,242],{"class":67},[57,54219,54220],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,54221,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54223,54224,54226,54228,54230],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,54225,64],{"class":63},[57,54227,68],{"class":67},[57,54229,1756],{"class":238},[57,54231,242],{"class":67},[57,54233,54234,54236,54238,54240],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,54235,64],{"class":63},[57,54237,68],{"class":67},[57,54239,54207],{"class":238},[57,54241,242],{"class":67},[15,54243,131],{},[48,54245,54247],{"className":50,"code":54246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,54248,54249,54269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54250,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54252,2015],{"class":67},[57,54254,1078],{"class":80},[57,54256,1081],{"class":67},[57,54258,1084],{"class":80},[57,54260,1081],{"class":67},[57,54262,530],{"class":80},[57,54264,1081],{"class":67},[57,54266,536],{"class":80},[57,54268,1742],{"class":67},[57,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54272,2015],{"class":67},[57,54274,1078],{"class":80},[57,54276,1081],{"class":67},[57,54278,1084],{"class":80},[57,54280,1081],{"class":67},[57,54282,530],{"class":80},[57,54284,1081],{"class":67},[57,54286,536],{"class":80},[57,54288,1742],{"class":67},[15,54290,54291],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[15,54293,54294,54295,972],{},"Now compare that with ",[19,54296,10921],{},[48,54298,54300],{"className":50,"code":54299,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[19,54301,54302,54322,54337,54341,54356,54360,54370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54303,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54305,1724],{"class":285},[57,54307,289],{"class":76},[57,54309,1729],{"class":67},[57,54311,1078],{"class":80},[57,54313,1081],{"class":67},[57,54315,1084],{"class":80},[57,54317,1081],{"class":67},[57,54319,530],{"class":80},[57,54321,1742],{"class":67},[57,54323,54324,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54325,54326],{"class":285},"copied_numbers ",[57,54328,289],{"class":76},[57,54330,2380],{"class":285},[57,54332,498],{"class":67},[57,54334,11056],{"class":238},[57,54336,6778],{"class":67},[57,54338,54339],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54340,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54342,54343,54346,54348,54350,54352,54354],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,54344,54345],{"class":285},"copied_numbers",[57,54347,498],{"class":67},[57,54349,11699],{"class":238},[57,54351,68],{"class":67},[57,54353,585],{"class":80},[57,54355,242],{"class":67},[57,54357,54358],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,54359,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54361,54362,54364,54366,54368],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,54363,64],{"class":63},[57,54365,68],{"class":67},[57,54367,1756],{"class":238},[57,54369,242],{"class":67},[57,54371,54372,54374,54376,54378],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,54373,64],{"class":63},[57,54375,68],{"class":67},[57,54377,54345],{"class":238},[57,54379,242],{"class":67},[15,54381,131],{},[48,54383,54385],{"className":50,"code":54384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,54386,54387,54403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54388,54389,54391,54393,54395,54397,54399,54401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54390,2015],{"class":67},[57,54392,1078],{"class":80},[57,54394,1081],{"class":67},[57,54396,1084],{"class":80},[57,54398,1081],{"class":67},[57,54400,530],{"class":80},[57,54402,1742],{"class":67},[57,54404,54405,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54406,2015],{"class":67},[57,54408,1078],{"class":80},[57,54410,1081],{"class":67},[57,54412,1084],{"class":80},[57,54414,1081],{"class":67},[57,54416,530],{"class":80},[57,54418,1081],{"class":67},[57,54420,536],{"class":80},[57,54422,1742],{"class":67},[15,54424,54425,54426,498],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[373,54427,50941],{"href":49148},[43,54429,54431],{"id":54430},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[15,54433,54434,10992,54436,498],{},[19,54435,53771],{},[1854,54437,10995],{},[15,54439,169],{},[27,54441,54442,54445],{},[30,54443,54444],{},"The outer list is new",[30,54446,54447],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[15,54449,54450],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[48,54452,54454],{"className":50,"code":54453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[19,54455,54456,54483,54497,54501,54520,54524,54534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54457,54458,54460,54462,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479,54481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54459,10229],{"class":285},[57,54461,289],{"class":76},[57,54463,54464],{"class":67}," [[",[57,54466,1078],{"class":80},[57,54468,1081],{"class":67},[57,54470,1084],{"class":80},[57,54472,16212],{"class":67},[57,54474,1729],{"class":67},[57,54476,122],{"class":80},[57,54478,1081],{"class":67},[57,54480,536],{"class":80},[57,54482,51412],{"class":67},[57,54484,54485,54487,54489,54491,54493,54495],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54486,12458],{"class":285},[57,54488,289],{"class":76},[57,54490,10304],{"class":285},[57,54492,498],{"class":67},[57,54494,11056],{"class":238},[57,54496,6778],{"class":67},[57,54498,54499],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54500,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54502,54503,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513,54515,54518],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,54504,12477],{"class":285},[57,54506,2015],{"class":67},[57,54508,182],{"class":80},[57,54510,11696],{"class":67},[57,54512,11699],{"class":238},[57,54514,68],{"class":67},[57,54516,54517],{"class":80},"99",[57,54519,242],{"class":67},[57,54521,54522],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,54523,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54525,54526,54528,54530,54532],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,54527,64],{"class":63},[57,54529,68],{"class":67},[57,54531,10276],{"class":238},[57,54533,242],{"class":67},[57,54535,54536,54538,54540,54542],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,54537,64],{"class":63},[57,54539,68],{"class":67},[57,54541,12477],{"class":238},[57,54543,242],{"class":67},[15,54545,131],{},[48,54547,54549],{"className":50,"code":54548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[19,54550,54551,54578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54552,54553,54556,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568,54570,54572,54574,54576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54554,54555],{"class":67},"[[",[57,54557,1078],{"class":80},[57,54559,1081],{"class":67},[57,54561,1084],{"class":80},[57,54563,1081],{"class":67},[57,54565,8335],{"class":80},[57,54567,16212],{"class":67},[57,54569,1729],{"class":67},[57,54571,122],{"class":80},[57,54573,1081],{"class":67},[57,54575,536],{"class":80},[57,54577,51412],{"class":67},[57,54579,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590,54592,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54581,54555],{"class":67},[57,54583,1078],{"class":80},[57,54585,1081],{"class":67},[57,54587,1084],{"class":80},[57,54589,1081],{"class":67},[57,54591,8335],{"class":80},[57,54593,16212],{"class":67},[57,54595,1729],{"class":67},[57,54597,122],{"class":80},[57,54599,1081],{"class":67},[57,54601,536],{"class":80},[57,54603,51412],{"class":67},[15,54605,54606],{},"Why did both change?",[27,54608,54609,54616],{},[30,54610,54611,2511,54613,54615],{},[19,54612,10276],{},[19,54614,12477],{}," are different outer lists",[30,54617,54618,54619,54622],{},"But the inner list ",[19,54620,54621],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[15,54624,51823,54625,54627],{},[19,54626,10921],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[27,54629,54630,54633,54636],{},[30,54631,54632],{},"Numbers",[30,54634,54635],{},"Strings",[30,54637,38759],{},[15,54639,54640,54641,498],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[373,54642,11937],{"href":11936},[43,54644,15568],{"id":15567},[15,54646,54647,54649],{},[19,54648,53771],{}," returns a new list.",[15,54651,39070,54652,54654],{},[1854,54653,2750],{}," change the original list by itself.",[15,54656,54657],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[15,54659,14804],{},[48,54661,54663],{"className":50,"code":54662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[19,54664,54665,54689,54703,54707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54666,54667,54669,54671,54673,54675,54677,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54668,11221],{"class":285},[57,54670,289],{"class":76},[57,54672,1729],{"class":67},[57,54674,939],{"class":938},[57,54676,11238],{"class":942},[57,54678,939],{"class":938},[57,54680,1081],{"class":67},[57,54682,1449],{"class":938},[57,54684,11255],{"class":942},[57,54686,939],{"class":938},[57,54688,1742],{"class":67},[57,54690,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699,54701],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54692,11264],{"class":285},[57,54694,289],{"class":76},[57,54696,11269],{"class":285},[57,54698,498],{"class":67},[57,54700,11056],{"class":238},[57,54702,6778],{"class":67},[57,54704,54705],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54706,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54708,54709,54711,54713,54715],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,54710,64],{"class":63},[57,54712,68],{"class":67},[57,54714,11288],{"class":238},[57,54716,242],{"class":67},[15,54718,54719],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[48,54721,54723],{"className":50,"code":54722,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[19,54724,54725,54749,54759,54763],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54726,54727,54729,54731,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745,54747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54728,11221],{"class":285},[57,54730,289],{"class":76},[57,54732,1729],{"class":67},[57,54734,939],{"class":938},[57,54736,11238],{"class":942},[57,54738,939],{"class":938},[57,54740,1081],{"class":67},[57,54742,1449],{"class":938},[57,54744,11255],{"class":942},[57,54746,939],{"class":938},[57,54748,1742],{"class":67},[57,54750,54751,54753,54755,54757],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54752,15652],{"class":285},[57,54754,498],{"class":67},[57,54756,11056],{"class":238},[57,54758,6778],{"class":67},[57,54760,54761],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54762,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54764,54765,54767,54769,54771],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,54766,64],{"class":63},[57,54768,68],{"class":67},[57,54770,15652],{"class":238},[57,54772,242],{"class":67},[15,54774,54775,54776,54778],{},"In the second example, ",[19,54777,10921],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[43,54780,3082,54782],{"id":54781},"when-to-use-listcopy",[19,54783,53771],{},[15,54785,154,54786,8740],{},[19,54787,53771],{},[27,54789,54790,54793,54796,54799],{},[30,54791,54792],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[30,54794,54795],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[30,54797,54798],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[30,54800,54801,54802],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[19,54803,54804],{},"[:]",[15,54806,275],{},[48,54808,54810],{"className":50,"code":54809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[19,54811,54812,54832,54847,54851,54866,54870,54880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54813,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828,54830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54815,3185],{"class":285},[57,54817,289],{"class":76},[57,54819,1729],{"class":67},[57,54821,407],{"class":80},[57,54823,1081],{"class":67},[57,54825,5921],{"class":80},[57,54827,1081],{"class":67},[57,54829,5926],{"class":80},[57,54831,1742],{"class":67},[57,54833,54834,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54835,54836],{"class":285},"backup_scores ",[57,54838,289],{"class":76},[57,54840,3232],{"class":285},[57,54842,498],{"class":67},[57,54844,11056],{"class":238},[57,54846,6778],{"class":67},[57,54848,54849],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54850,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54852,54853,54855,54857,54859,54861,54864],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,54854,14537],{"class":285},[57,54856,498],{"class":67},[57,54858,11699],{"class":238},[57,54860,68],{"class":67},[57,54862,54863],{"class":80},"40",[57,54865,242],{"class":67},[57,54867,54868],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,54869,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,54871,54872,54874,54876,54878],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,54873,64],{"class":63},[57,54875,68],{"class":67},[57,54877,14537],{"class":238},[57,54879,242],{"class":67},[57,54881,54882,54884,54886,54889],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,54883,64],{"class":63},[57,54885,68],{"class":67},[57,54887,54888],{"class":238},"backup_scores",[57,54890,242],{"class":67},[15,54892,131],{},[48,54894,54896],{"className":50,"code":54895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[19,54897,54898,54918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54899,54900,54902,54904,54906,54908,54910,54912,54914,54916],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54901,2015],{"class":67},[57,54903,407],{"class":80},[57,54905,1081],{"class":67},[57,54907,5921],{"class":80},[57,54909,1081],{"class":67},[57,54911,5926],{"class":80},[57,54913,1081],{"class":67},[57,54915,49012],{"class":80},[57,54917,1742],{"class":67},[57,54919,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54921,2015],{"class":67},[57,54923,407],{"class":80},[57,54925,1081],{"class":67},[57,54927,5921],{"class":80},[57,54929,1081],{"class":67},[57,54931,5926],{"class":80},[57,54933,1742],{"class":67},[15,54935,54936,54937,498],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[373,54938,53690,54940,8880],{"href":54939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[19,54941,50822],{},[43,54943,2637],{"id":2636},[15,54945,54946,54947,498],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[19,54948,53771],{},[616,54950,6551,54952,54954],{"id":54951},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[19,54953,289],{}," and expecting a real copy",[15,54956,37362],{},[48,54958,54960],{"className":50,"code":54959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,54961,54962,54982,54990,55004,55008],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54963,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54965,636],{"class":285},[57,54967,289],{"class":76},[57,54969,1729],{"class":67},[57,54971,1078],{"class":80},[57,54973,1081],{"class":67},[57,54975,1084],{"class":80},[57,54977,1081],{"class":67},[57,54979,530],{"class":80},[57,54981,1742],{"class":67},[57,54983,54984,54986,54988],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,54985,664],{"class":285},[57,54987,289],{"class":76},[57,54989,34336],{"class":285},[57,54991,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,54993,2881],{"class":285},[57,54995,498],{"class":67},[57,54997,11699],{"class":238},[57,54999,68],{"class":67},[57,55001,585],{"class":80},[57,55003,242],{"class":67},[57,55005,55006],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,55007,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,55009,55010,55012,55014,55016,55018],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,55011,64],{"class":63},[57,55013,68],{"class":67},[57,55015,373],{"class":238},[57,55017,1769],{"class":67},[57,55019,53871],{"class":1772},[15,55021,55022,55023,4759],{},"Fix: use ",[19,55024,10921],{},[48,55026,55028],{"className":50,"code":55027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[19,55029,55030,55050,55065,55079,55083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55031,55032,55034,55036,55038,55040,55042,55044,55046,55048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55033,636],{"class":285},[57,55035,289],{"class":76},[57,55037,1729],{"class":67},[57,55039,1078],{"class":80},[57,55041,1081],{"class":67},[57,55043,1084],{"class":80},[57,55045,1081],{"class":67},[57,55047,530],{"class":80},[57,55049,1742],{"class":67},[57,55051,55052,55054,55056,55059,55061,55063],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55053,664],{"class":285},[57,55055,289],{"class":76},[57,55057,55058],{"class":285}," a",[57,55060,498],{"class":67},[57,55062,11056],{"class":238},[57,55064,6778],{"class":67},[57,55066,55067,55069,55071,55073,55075,55077],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,55068,2881],{"class":285},[57,55070,498],{"class":67},[57,55072,11699],{"class":238},[57,55074,68],{"class":67},[57,55076,585],{"class":80},[57,55078,242],{"class":67},[57,55080,55081],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,55082,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,55084,55085,55087,55089,55091,55093],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,55086,64],{"class":63},[57,55088,68],{"class":67},[57,55090,373],{"class":238},[57,55092,1769],{"class":67},[57,55094,53102],{"class":1772},[616,55096,55098],{"id":55097},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[48,55100,55102],{"className":50,"code":55101,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[19,55103,55104,55124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55105,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55107,1724],{"class":285},[57,55109,289],{"class":76},[57,55111,1729],{"class":67},[57,55113,1078],{"class":80},[57,55115,1081],{"class":67},[57,55117,1084],{"class":80},[57,55119,1081],{"class":67},[57,55121,530],{"class":80},[57,55123,1742],{"class":67},[57,55125,55126,55128,55130,55132],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55127,1756],{"class":285},[57,55129,498],{"class":67},[57,55131,11056],{"class":238},[57,55133,6778],{"class":67},[15,55135,55136],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[15,55138,37425],{},[48,55140,55142],{"className":50,"code":55141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[19,55143,55144,55164],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55145,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160,55162],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55147,1724],{"class":285},[57,55149,289],{"class":76},[57,55151,1729],{"class":67},[57,55153,1078],{"class":80},[57,55155,1081],{"class":67},[57,55157,1084],{"class":80},[57,55159,1081],{"class":67},[57,55161,530],{"class":80},[57,55163,1742],{"class":67},[57,55165,55166,55168,55170,55172,55174,55176],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55167,54326],{"class":285},[57,55169,289],{"class":76},[57,55171,2380],{"class":285},[57,55173,498],{"class":67},[57,55175,11056],{"class":238},[57,55177,6778],{"class":67},[616,55179,55181],{"id":55180},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[48,55183,55185],{"className":50,"code":55184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[19,55186,55187,55205,55219,55223,55241,55245],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55188,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201,55203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55190,636],{"class":285},[57,55192,289],{"class":76},[57,55194,54464],{"class":67},[57,55196,1078],{"class":80},[57,55198,16212],{"class":67},[57,55200,1729],{"class":67},[57,55202,116],{"class":80},[57,55204,51412],{"class":67},[57,55206,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215,55217],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55208,664],{"class":285},[57,55210,289],{"class":76},[57,55212,55058],{"class":285},[57,55214,498],{"class":67},[57,55216,11056],{"class":238},[57,55218,6778],{"class":67},[57,55220,55221],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,55222,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,55224,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237,55239],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,55226,2881],{"class":285},[57,55228,2015],{"class":67},[57,55230,182],{"class":80},[57,55232,11696],{"class":67},[57,55234,11699],{"class":238},[57,55236,68],{"class":67},[57,55238,54517],{"class":80},[57,55240,242],{"class":67},[57,55242,55243],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,55244,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,55246,55247,55249,55251,55253,55255],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,55248,64],{"class":63},[57,55250,68],{"class":67},[57,55252,373],{"class":238},[57,55254,1769],{"class":67},[57,55256,55257],{"class":1772},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,55259,55260,55261,55263],{},"Fix: remember that ",[19,55262,53771],{}," is shallow.",[616,55265,23770,55267,55269],{"id":55266},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[19,55268,10921],{}," on the wrong data type",[15,55271,55272,55274],{},[19,55273,10921],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[48,55276,55278],{"className":50,"code":55277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[19,55279,55280,55292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55281,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55283,6008],{"class":285},[57,55285,289],{"class":76},[57,55287,1449],{"class":938},[57,55289,3125],{"class":942},[57,55291,1455],{"class":938},[57,55293,55294],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55295,55296],{"class":1772},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,55298,55299],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[48,55301,55303],{"className":50,"code":55302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(name))\n",[19,55304,55305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55306,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315,55317],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55308,64],{"class":63},[57,55310,68],{"class":67},[57,55312,1315],{"class":990},[57,55314,68],{"class":67},[57,55316,5798],{"class":238},[57,55318,84],{"class":67},[15,55320,55321,55322,55326],{},"You can also review ",[373,55323,55325],{"href":55324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[43,55328,1554],{"id":1553},[616,55330,10848,55332,55334],{"id":55331},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[19,55333,53771],{}," change the original list?",[15,55336,55337],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[616,55339,3302,55341,2511,55343,572],{"id":55340},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[19,55342,53771],{},[19,55344,289],{},[15,55346,55347,55349,55350,55352],{},[19,55348,10921],{}," creates a new list. ",[19,55351,289],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[616,55354,13050,55356,13053],{"id":55355},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[19,55357,53771],{},[15,55359,55360],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[616,55362,55364],{"id":55363},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[15,55366,40317,55367,55370],{},[19,55368,55369],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[616,55372,13050,55374,55376,55377,572],{"id":55373},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[19,55375,53771],{}," the same as ",[19,55378,54804],{},[15,55380,55381],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[43,55383,1602],{"id":1601},[27,55385,55386,55391,55395,55400,55406],{},[30,55387,55388],{},[373,55389,13112],{"href":55390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,55392,55393],{},[373,55394,50941],{"href":49148},[30,55396,55397],{},[373,55398,55399],{"href":55324},"Creating a list in Python",[30,55401,55402],{},[373,55403,53690,55404,8880],{"href":54939},[19,55405,50822],{},[30,55407,55408],{},[373,55409,11937],{"href":11936},[1634,55411,55412],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":55414},[55415,55416,55418,55419,55421,55422,55423,55425,55433,55444],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":53881,"depth":87,"text":55417},"What list.copy() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":54152,"depth":87,"text":55420},"Why not use =",{"id":54430,"depth":87,"text":54431},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":54781,"depth":87,"text":55424},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":55426},[55427,55429,55430,55431],{"id":54951,"depth":103,"text":55428},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":55097,"depth":103,"text":55098},{"id":55180,"depth":103,"text":55181},{"id":55266,"depth":103,"text":55432},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":55434},[55435,55437,55439,55441,55442],{"id":55331,"depth":103,"text":55436},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":55340,"depth":103,"text":55438},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":55355,"depth":103,"text":55440},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":55363,"depth":103,"text":55364},{"id":55373,"depth":103,"text":55443},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":53759,"description":55445},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":55452,"title":55453,"body":55454,"description":57196,"extension":1666,"meta":57197,"navigation":317,"path":57198,"seo":57199,"stem":57200,"__hash__":57201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":8,"value":55455,"toc":57155},[55456,55462,55468,55471,55482,55485,55487,55550,55556,55561,55565,55579,55582,55587,55592,55594,55596,55615,55627,55629,55696,55698,55706,55711,55713,55721,55724,55741,55743,55867,55878,55882,55887,55890,55892,55910,55914,56000,56009,56017,56086,56088,56091,56103,56108,56112,56183,56186,56190,56194,56259,56261,56269,56273,56356,56358,56366,56370,56431,56433,56441,56445,56532,56534,56542,56547,56552,56555,56566,56568,56653,56658,56667,56669,56673,56677,56682,56744,56748,56756,56762,56771,56776,56825,56828,56849,56853,56915,56922,56927,56930,57017,57020,57031,57034,57054,57056,57062,57065,57069,57073,57079,57082,57088,57095,57103,57114,57116,57152],[11,55457,52512,55459,9463],{"id":55458},"python-list-count-method",[19,55460,55461],{},"count()",[15,55463,55464,55467],{},[19,55465,55466],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[15,55469,55470],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[27,55472,55473,55476,55479],{},[30,55474,55475],{},"count one specific item",[30,55477,55478],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[30,55480,55481],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[15,55483,55484],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[43,55486,1714],{"id":1713},[48,55488,55490],{"className":50,"code":55489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[19,55491,55492,55520,55538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55493,55494,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55495,1724],{"class":285},[57,55497,289],{"class":76},[57,55499,1729],{"class":67},[57,55501,1078],{"class":80},[57,55503,1081],{"class":67},[57,55505,1084],{"class":80},[57,55507,1081],{"class":67},[57,55509,1084],{"class":80},[57,55511,1081],{"class":67},[57,55513,530],{"class":80},[57,55515,1081],{"class":67},[57,55517,1084],{"class":80},[57,55519,1742],{"class":67},[57,55521,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530,55532,55534,55536],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55523,300],{"class":285},[57,55525,289],{"class":76},[57,55527,2380],{"class":285},[57,55529,498],{"class":67},[57,55531,39424],{"class":238},[57,55533,68],{"class":67},[57,55535,116],{"class":80},[57,55537,242],{"class":67},[57,55539,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,55541,64],{"class":63},[57,55543,68],{"class":67},[57,55545,339],{"class":238},[57,55547,1769],{"class":67},[57,55549,48939],{"class":1772},[15,55551,154,55552,55555],{},[19,55553,55554],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[43,55557,1787,55559,1790],{"id":55558},"what-listcount-does",[19,55560,55466],{},[15,55562,55563,972],{},[19,55564,55466],{},[27,55566,55567,55570,55573,55576],{},[30,55568,55569],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[30,55571,55572],{},"returns an integer",[30,55574,55575],{},"does not change the original list",[30,55577,55578],{},"checks for exact matches",[15,55580,55581],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[15,55583,55584,55585,498],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[19,55586,122],{},[15,55588,55589,55590,498],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[19,55591,182],{},[43,55593,221],{"id":220},[15,55595,224],{},[48,55597,55599],{"className":50,"code":55598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.count(value)\n",[19,55600,55601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55602,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55604,6472],{"class":285},[57,55606,498],{"class":67},[57,55608,39424],{"class":238},[57,55610,68],{"class":67},[57,55612,552],{"class":238},[57,55614,242],{"class":67},[27,55616,55617,55622],{},[30,55618,55619,55621],{},[19,55620,6472],{}," is the list you want to search",[30,55623,55624,55626],{},[19,55625,552],{}," is the item you want to count",[15,55628,275],{},[48,55630,55632],{"className":50,"code":55631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[19,55633,55634,55674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55635,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666,55668,55670,55672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55637,34251],{"class":285},[57,55639,289],{"class":76},[57,55641,1729],{"class":67},[57,55643,939],{"class":938},[57,55645,373],{"class":942},[57,55647,939],{"class":938},[57,55649,1081],{"class":67},[57,55651,1449],{"class":938},[57,55653,2881],{"class":942},[57,55655,939],{"class":938},[57,55657,1081],{"class":67},[57,55659,1449],{"class":938},[57,55661,373],{"class":942},[57,55663,939],{"class":938},[57,55665,1081],{"class":67},[57,55667,1449],{"class":938},[57,55669,7877],{"class":942},[57,55671,939],{"class":938},[57,55673,1742],{"class":67},[57,55675,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690,55692,55694],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55677,64],{"class":63},[57,55679,68],{"class":67},[57,55681,34304],{"class":238},[57,55683,498],{"class":67},[57,55685,39424],{"class":238},[57,55687,68],{"class":67},[57,55689,939],{"class":938},[57,55691,373],{"class":942},[57,55693,939],{"class":938},[57,55695,84],{"class":67},[15,55697,131],{},[48,55699,55700],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,55701,55702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55703,55704],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55705,15205],{"class":80},[15,55707,55708,55709,498],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[19,55710,182],{},[43,55712,36183],{"id":36182},[15,55714,55715,55716,55718,55719,498],{},"The return value from ",[19,55717,55461],{}," is always an ",[19,55720,255],{},[15,55722,55723],{},"Possible results:",[27,55725,55726,55731,55736],{},[30,55727,55728,55730],{},[19,55729,182],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[30,55732,55733,55735],{},[19,55734,1078],{}," if it appears once",[30,55737,55738,55740],{},[19,55739,116],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[15,55742,275],{},[48,55744,55746],{"className":50,"code":55745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[19,55747,55748,55788,55792,55817,55842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55749,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55751,11221],{"class":285},[57,55753,289],{"class":76},[57,55755,1729],{"class":67},[57,55757,939],{"class":938},[57,55759,11238],{"class":942},[57,55761,939],{"class":938},[57,55763,1081],{"class":67},[57,55765,1449],{"class":938},[57,55767,11255],{"class":942},[57,55769,939],{"class":938},[57,55771,1081],{"class":67},[57,55773,1449],{"class":938},[57,55775,15605],{"class":942},[57,55777,939],{"class":938},[57,55779,1081],{"class":67},[57,55781,1449],{"class":938},[57,55783,11255],{"class":942},[57,55785,939],{"class":938},[57,55787,1742],{"class":67},[57,55789,55790],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55791,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,55793,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808,55810,55812,55814],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,55795,64],{"class":63},[57,55797,68],{"class":67},[57,55799,15652],{"class":238},[57,55801,498],{"class":67},[57,55803,39424],{"class":238},[57,55805,68],{"class":67},[57,55807,939],{"class":938},[57,55809,11255],{"class":942},[57,55811,939],{"class":938},[57,55813,3485],{"class":67},[57,55815,55816],{"class":1772},"   # 2\n",[57,55818,55819,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,55820,64],{"class":63},[57,55822,68],{"class":67},[57,55824,15652],{"class":238},[57,55826,498],{"class":67},[57,55828,39424],{"class":238},[57,55830,68],{"class":67},[57,55832,939],{"class":938},[57,55834,11238],{"class":942},[57,55836,939],{"class":938},[57,55838,3485],{"class":67},[57,55840,55841],{"class":1772},"    # 1\n",[57,55843,55844,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,55845,64],{"class":63},[57,55847,68],{"class":67},[57,55849,15652],{"class":238},[57,55851,498],{"class":67},[57,55853,39424],{"class":238},[57,55855,68],{"class":67},[57,55857,939],{"class":938},[57,55859,20676],{"class":942},[57,55861,939],{"class":938},[57,55863,3485],{"class":67},[57,55865,55866],{"class":1772}," # 0\n",[15,55868,55869,55870,55872,55873,55875,55876,498],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[19,55871,55461],{}," works, but using ",[19,55874,1997],{}," is often simpler. See ",[373,55877,4324],{"href":4323},[43,55879,55881],{"id":55880},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[15,55883,55884,55886],{},[19,55885,55466],{}," uses equality matching.",[15,55888,55889],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[15,55891,41816],{},[27,55893,55894,55897,55900,55907],{},[30,55895,55896],{},"matches are based on equality",[30,55898,55899],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[30,55901,55902,2511,55904,55906],{},[19,55903,1078],{},[19,55905,1709],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[30,55908,55909],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[616,55911,55913],{"id":55912},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[48,55915,55917],{"className":50,"code":55916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[19,55918,55919,55952,55976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55920,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55922,2186],{"class":285},[57,55924,289],{"class":76},[57,55926,1729],{"class":67},[57,55928,939],{"class":938},[57,55930,2195],{"class":942},[57,55932,939],{"class":938},[57,55934,1081],{"class":67},[57,55936,1449],{"class":938},[57,55938,55939],{"class":942},"Apple",[57,55941,939],{"class":938},[57,55943,1081],{"class":67},[57,55945,1449],{"class":938},[57,55947,2195],{"class":942},[57,55949,939],{"class":938},[57,55951,1742],{"class":67},[57,55953,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,55955,64],{"class":63},[57,55957,68],{"class":67},[57,55959,2230],{"class":238},[57,55961,498],{"class":67},[57,55963,39424],{"class":238},[57,55965,68],{"class":67},[57,55967,939],{"class":938},[57,55969,2195],{"class":942},[57,55971,939],{"class":938},[57,55973,3485],{"class":67},[57,55975,49584],{"class":1772},[57,55977,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,55979,64],{"class":63},[57,55981,68],{"class":67},[57,55983,2230],{"class":238},[57,55985,498],{"class":67},[57,55987,39424],{"class":238},[57,55989,68],{"class":67},[57,55991,939],{"class":938},[57,55993,55939],{"class":942},[57,55995,939],{"class":938},[57,55997,3485],{"class":67},[57,55999,25934],{"class":1772},[15,56001,56002,2511,56005,56008],{},[19,56003,56004],{},"\"apple\"",[19,56006,56007],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[616,56010,56012,2511,56014,56016],{"id":56011},"_1-and-true-can-match",[19,56013,1078],{},[19,56015,1709],{}," can match",[48,56018,56020],{"className":50,"code":56019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[19,56021,56022,56046,56066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56023,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56025,1935],{"class":285},[57,56027,289],{"class":76},[57,56029,1729],{"class":67},[57,56031,1078],{"class":80},[57,56033,1081],{"class":67},[57,56035,2031],{"class":1965},[57,56037,1081],{"class":67},[57,56039,1084],{"class":80},[57,56041,1081],{"class":67},[57,56043,3622],{"class":80},[57,56045,1742],{"class":67},[57,56047,56048,56050,56052,56054,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56049,64],{"class":63},[57,56051,68],{"class":67},[57,56053,3482],{"class":238},[57,56055,498],{"class":67},[57,56057,39424],{"class":238},[57,56059,68],{"class":67},[57,56061,1078],{"class":80},[57,56063,3485],{"class":67},[57,56065,49087],{"class":1772},[57,56067,56068,56070,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080,56082,56084],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,56069,64],{"class":63},[57,56071,68],{"class":67},[57,56073,3482],{"class":238},[57,56075,498],{"class":67},[57,56077,39424],{"class":238},[57,56079,68],{"class":67},[57,56081,1709],{"class":1965},[57,56083,3485],{"class":67},[57,56085,48939],{"class":1772},[15,56087,2528],{},[15,56089,56090],{},"In Python:",[27,56092,56093,56098],{},[30,56094,56095],{},[19,56096,56097],{},"True == 1",[30,56099,56100],{},[19,56101,56102],{},"False == 0",[15,56104,51823,56105,56107],{},[19,56106,55461],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[616,56109,56111],{"id":56110},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[48,56113,56115],{"className":50,"code":56114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[19,56116,56117,56159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56118,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127,56129,56131,56133,56135,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56120,5910],{"class":285},[57,56122,289],{"class":76},[57,56124,54464],{"class":67},[57,56126,1078],{"class":80},[57,56128,1081],{"class":67},[57,56130,1084],{"class":80},[57,56132,16212],{"class":67},[57,56134,1729],{"class":67},[57,56136,122],{"class":80},[57,56138,1081],{"class":67},[57,56140,536],{"class":80},[57,56142,16212],{"class":67},[57,56144,1729],{"class":67},[57,56146,1078],{"class":80},[57,56148,1081],{"class":67},[57,56150,1084],{"class":80},[57,56152,16212],{"class":67},[57,56154,1729],{"class":67},[57,56156,1078],{"class":80},[57,56158,51412],{"class":67},[57,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56162,64],{"class":63},[57,56164,68],{"class":67},[57,56166,5941],{"class":238},[57,56168,498],{"class":67},[57,56170,39424],{"class":238},[57,56172,1075],{"class":67},[57,56174,1078],{"class":80},[57,56176,1081],{"class":67},[57,56178,1084],{"class":80},[57,56180,2855],{"class":67},[57,56182,49584],{"class":1772},[15,56184,56185],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[43,56187,56189],{"id":56188},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[616,56191,56193],{"id":56192},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[48,56195,56197],{"className":50,"code":56196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,56198,56199,56227,56245,56249],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56200,56201,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223,56225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56202,1724],{"class":285},[57,56204,289],{"class":76},[57,56206,1729],{"class":67},[57,56208,407],{"class":80},[57,56210,1081],{"class":67},[57,56212,5921],{"class":80},[57,56214,1081],{"class":67},[57,56216,4130],{"class":80},[57,56218,1081],{"class":67},[57,56220,5926],{"class":80},[57,56222,1081],{"class":67},[57,56224,4130],{"class":80},[57,56226,1742],{"class":67},[57,56228,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56230,300],{"class":285},[57,56232,289],{"class":76},[57,56234,2380],{"class":285},[57,56236,498],{"class":67},[57,56238,39424],{"class":238},[57,56240,68],{"class":67},[57,56242,407],{"class":80},[57,56244,242],{"class":67},[57,56246,56247],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,56248,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,56250,56251,56253,56255,56257],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,56252,64],{"class":63},[57,56254,68],{"class":67},[57,56256,339],{"class":238},[57,56258,242],{"class":67},[15,56260,131],{},[48,56262,56263],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,56264,56265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56266,56267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56268,44784],{"class":80},[616,56270,56272],{"id":56271},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[48,56274,56276],{"className":50,"code":56275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,56277,56278,56320,56342,56346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56279,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292,56294,56296,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56316,56318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56281,2186],{"class":285},[57,56283,289],{"class":76},[57,56285,1729],{"class":67},[57,56287,939],{"class":938},[57,56289,35209],{"class":942},[57,56291,939],{"class":938},[57,56293,1081],{"class":67},[57,56295,1449],{"class":938},[57,56297,56298],{"class":942},"dog",[57,56300,939],{"class":938},[57,56302,1081],{"class":67},[57,56304,1449],{"class":938},[57,56306,35209],{"class":942},[57,56308,939],{"class":938},[57,56310,1081],{"class":67},[57,56312,1449],{"class":938},[57,56314,56315],{"class":942},"bird",[57,56317,939],{"class":938},[57,56319,1742],{"class":67},[57,56321,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56323,300],{"class":285},[57,56325,289],{"class":76},[57,56327,4294],{"class":285},[57,56329,498],{"class":67},[57,56331,39424],{"class":238},[57,56333,68],{"class":67},[57,56335,939],{"class":938},[57,56337,35209],{"class":942},[57,56339,939],{"class":938},[57,56341,242],{"class":67},[57,56343,56344],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,56345,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,56347,56348,56350,56352,56354],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,56349,64],{"class":63},[57,56351,68],{"class":67},[57,56353,339],{"class":238},[57,56355,242],{"class":67},[15,56357,131],{},[48,56359,56360],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,56361,56362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56363,56364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56365,15205],{"class":80},[616,56367,56369],{"id":56368},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[48,56371,56373],{"className":50,"code":56372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,56374,56375,56399,56417,56421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56376,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56378,1724],{"class":285},[57,56380,289],{"class":76},[57,56382,1729],{"class":67},[57,56384,1078],{"class":80},[57,56386,1081],{"class":67},[57,56388,1084],{"class":80},[57,56390,1081],{"class":67},[57,56392,530],{"class":80},[57,56394,1081],{"class":67},[57,56396,536],{"class":80},[57,56398,1742],{"class":67},[57,56400,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56402,300],{"class":285},[57,56404,289],{"class":76},[57,56406,2380],{"class":285},[57,56408,498],{"class":67},[57,56410,39424],{"class":238},[57,56412,68],{"class":67},[57,56414,199],{"class":80},[57,56416,242],{"class":67},[57,56418,56419],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,56420,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,56422,56423,56425,56427,56429],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,56424,64],{"class":63},[57,56426,68],{"class":67},[57,56428,339],{"class":238},[57,56430,242],{"class":67},[15,56432,131],{},[48,56434,56435],{"className":50,"code":45419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,56436,56437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56438,56439],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56440,45419],{"class":80},[616,56442,56444],{"id":56443},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[48,56446,56448],{"className":50,"code":56447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,56449,56450,56496,56518,56522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56451,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56453,7302],{"class":285},[57,56455,289],{"class":76},[57,56457,54464],{"class":67},[57,56459,1078],{"class":80},[57,56461,1081],{"class":67},[57,56463,1084],{"class":80},[57,56465,16212],{"class":67},[57,56467,1729],{"class":67},[57,56469,1078],{"class":80},[57,56471,1081],{"class":67},[57,56473,1084],{"class":80},[57,56475,16212],{"class":67},[57,56477,1729],{"class":67},[57,56479,116],{"class":80},[57,56481,1081],{"class":67},[57,56483,530],{"class":80},[57,56485,16212],{"class":67},[57,56487,1729],{"class":67},[57,56489,1078],{"class":80},[57,56491,1081],{"class":67},[57,56493,1084],{"class":80},[57,56495,51412],{"class":67},[57,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514,56516],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56499,300],{"class":285},[57,56501,289],{"class":76},[57,56503,12713],{"class":285},[57,56505,498],{"class":67},[57,56507,39424],{"class":238},[57,56509,1075],{"class":67},[57,56511,1078],{"class":80},[57,56513,1081],{"class":67},[57,56515,1084],{"class":80},[57,56517,2003],{"class":67},[57,56519,56520],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,56521,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,56523,56524,56526,56528,56530],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,56525,64],{"class":63},[57,56527,68],{"class":67},[57,56529,339],{"class":238},[57,56531,242],{"class":67},[15,56533,131],{},[48,56535,56536],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,56537,56538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56539,56540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56541,44784],{"class":80},[43,56543,3082,56545],{"id":56544},"when-to-use-count",[19,56546,55461],{},[15,56548,154,56549,56551],{},[19,56550,55461],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[15,56553,56554],{},"Good use cases:",[27,56556,56557,56560,56563],{},[30,56558,56559],{},"counting one specific item",[30,56561,56562],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[30,56564,56565],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[15,56567,275],{},[48,56569,56571],{"className":50,"code":56570,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[19,56572,56573,56614,56638,56642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56574,56575,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56576,56577],{"class":285},"votes ",[57,56579,289],{"class":76},[57,56581,1729],{"class":67},[57,56583,939],{"class":938},[57,56585,6793],{"class":942},[57,56587,939],{"class":938},[57,56589,1081],{"class":67},[57,56591,1449],{"class":938},[57,56593,6732],{"class":942},[57,56595,939],{"class":938},[57,56597,1081],{"class":67},[57,56599,1449],{"class":938},[57,56601,6793],{"class":942},[57,56603,939],{"class":938},[57,56605,1081],{"class":67},[57,56607,1449],{"class":938},[57,56609,6793],{"class":942},[57,56611,939],{"class":938},[57,56613,1742],{"class":67},[57,56615,56616,56619,56621,56624,56626,56628,56630,56632,56634,56636],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56617,56618],{"class":285},"yes_votes ",[57,56620,289],{"class":76},[57,56622,56623],{"class":285}," votes",[57,56625,498],{"class":67},[57,56627,39424],{"class":238},[57,56629,68],{"class":67},[57,56631,939],{"class":938},[57,56633,6793],{"class":942},[57,56635,939],{"class":938},[57,56637,242],{"class":67},[57,56639,56640],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,56641,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,56643,56644,56646,56648,56651],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,56645,64],{"class":63},[57,56647,68],{"class":67},[57,56649,56650],{"class":238},"yes_votes",[57,56652,242],{"class":67},[15,56654,56655,56657],{},[19,56656,55461],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[15,56659,56660,56661,2511,56663,498],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[373,56662,50941],{"href":49148},[373,56664,56666],{"href":56665},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[43,56668,913],{"id":912},[15,56670,6581,56671,498],{},[19,56672,55466],{},[616,56674,56676],{"id":56675},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[15,56678,56679,56681],{},[19,56680,55466],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[48,56683,56685],{"className":50,"code":56684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[19,56686,56687,56720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56688,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716,56718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56690,2186],{"class":285},[57,56692,289],{"class":76},[57,56694,1729],{"class":67},[57,56696,939],{"class":938},[57,56698,56699],{"class":942},"apple pie",[57,56701,939],{"class":938},[57,56703,1081],{"class":67},[57,56705,1449],{"class":938},[57,56707,2204],{"class":942},[57,56709,939],{"class":938},[57,56711,1081],{"class":67},[57,56713,1449],{"class":938},[57,56715,56699],{"class":942},[57,56717,939],{"class":938},[57,56719,1742],{"class":67},[57,56721,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56723,64],{"class":63},[57,56725,68],{"class":67},[57,56727,2230],{"class":238},[57,56729,498],{"class":67},[57,56731,39424],{"class":238},[57,56733,68],{"class":67},[57,56735,939],{"class":938},[57,56737,2195],{"class":942},[57,56739,939],{"class":938},[57,56741,3485],{"class":67},[57,56743,49416],{"class":1772},[15,56745,568,56746,572],{},[19,56747,182],{},[15,56749,27216,56750,56752,56753,498],{},[19,56751,56004],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[19,56754,56755],{},"\"apple pie\"",[15,56757,56758,56759,498],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[19,56760,56761],{},"str.count()",[616,56763,6587,56765,6590,56767,965,56769],{"id":56764},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[19,56766,55461],{},[19,56768,1709],{},[19,56770,1783],{},[15,56772,56773,56775],{},[19,56774,55461],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[48,56777,56779],{"className":50,"code":56778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[19,56780,56781,56805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56782,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56784,1724],{"class":285},[57,56786,289],{"class":76},[57,56788,1729],{"class":67},[57,56790,1078],{"class":80},[57,56792,1081],{"class":67},[57,56794,1084],{"class":80},[57,56796,1081],{"class":67},[57,56798,1084],{"class":80},[57,56800,1081],{"class":67},[57,56802,530],{"class":80},[57,56804,1742],{"class":67},[57,56806,56807,56809,56811,56813,56815,56817,56819,56821,56823],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56808,64],{"class":63},[57,56810,68],{"class":67},[57,56812,1756],{"class":238},[57,56814,498],{"class":67},[57,56816,39424],{"class":238},[57,56818,68],{"class":67},[57,56820,116],{"class":80},[57,56822,3485],{"class":67},[57,56824,49584],{"class":1772},[15,56826,56827],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[48,56829,56831],{"className":50,"code":56830,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[19,56832,56833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56834,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56836,64],{"class":63},[57,56838,68],{"class":67},[57,56840,116],{"class":80},[57,56842,19325],{"class":1990},[57,56844,2380],{"class":238},[57,56846,1769],{"class":67},[57,56848,1773],{"class":1772},[616,56850,56852],{"id":56851},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[48,56854,56856],{"className":50,"code":56855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[19,56857,56858,56891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56859,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884,56887,56889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56861,3116],{"class":285},[57,56863,289],{"class":76},[57,56865,1729],{"class":67},[57,56867,939],{"class":938},[57,56869,5807],{"class":942},[57,56871,939],{"class":938},[57,56873,1081],{"class":67},[57,56875,1449],{"class":938},[57,56877,18369],{"class":942},[57,56879,939],{"class":938},[57,56881,1081],{"class":67},[57,56883,1449],{"class":938},[57,56885,56886],{"class":942},"SAM",[57,56888,939],{"class":938},[57,56890,1742],{"class":67},[57,56892,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56894,64],{"class":63},[57,56896,68],{"class":67},[57,56898,3160],{"class":238},[57,56900,498],{"class":67},[57,56902,39424],{"class":238},[57,56904,68],{"class":67},[57,56906,939],{"class":938},[57,56908,18369],{"class":942},[57,56910,939],{"class":938},[57,56912,3485],{"class":67},[57,56914,25934],{"class":1772},[15,56916,56917,56918,56921],{},"Only the exact string ",[19,56919,56920],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[616,56923,27805,56925,31706],{"id":56924},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[19,56926,55461],{},[15,56928,56929],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[48,56931,56933],{"className":50,"code":56932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[19,56934,56935,56945,56959,56977,56991,57003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56936,56937,56939,56941,56943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56938,64],{"class":63},[57,56940,68],{"class":67},[57,56942,6472],{"class":238},[57,56944,242],{"class":67},[57,56946,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,56948,64],{"class":63},[57,56950,68],{"class":67},[57,56952,1315],{"class":990},[57,56954,68],{"class":67},[57,56956,6472],{"class":238},[57,56958,84],{"class":67},[57,56960,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,56962,64],{"class":63},[57,56964,68],{"class":67},[57,56966,6472],{"class":238},[57,56968,498],{"class":67},[57,56970,39424],{"class":238},[57,56972,68],{"class":67},[57,56974,552],{"class":238},[57,56976,84],{"class":67},[57,56978,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,56980,64],{"class":63},[57,56982,68],{"class":67},[57,56984,525],{"class":238},[57,56986,1997],{"class":1990},[57,56988,6529],{"class":238},[57,56990,242],{"class":67},[57,56992,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,56994,4083],{"class":1990},[57,56996,4086],{"class":285},[57,56998,1997],{"class":1990},[57,57000,6529],{"class":285},[57,57002,4520],{"class":67},[57,57004,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,57006,6201],{"class":63},[57,57008,68],{"class":67},[57,57010,39944],{"class":63},[57,57012,68],{"class":67},[57,57014,21463],{"class":238},[57,57016,84],{"class":67},[15,57018,57019],{},"These checks can help you see:",[27,57021,57022,57025,57028],{},[30,57023,57024],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[30,57026,57027],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[30,57029,57030],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[15,57032,57033],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[27,57035,57036,57041,57044,57051],{},[30,57037,48660,57038,57040],{},[19,57039,55461],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[30,57042,57043],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[30,57045,9247,57046,57048,57049],{},[19,57047,55466],{}," with string ",[19,57050,55461],{},[30,57052,57053],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[43,57055,1554],{"id":1553},[616,57057,10848,57059,57061],{"id":57058},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[19,57060,55466],{}," change the list?",[15,57063,57064],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[616,57066,57068],{"id":57067},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[15,57070,10054,57071,498],{},[19,57072,182],{},[616,57074,3292,57076,57078],{"id":57075},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[19,57077,55466],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[15,57080,57081],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[616,57083,13050,57085,57087],{"id":57084},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[19,57086,55466],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[15,57089,40317,57090,2511,57092,57094],{},[19,57091,56007],{},[19,57093,56004],{}," are different values.",[616,57096,3280,57098,57100,57101,572],{"id":57097},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[19,57099,1709],{}," sometimes count like ",[19,57102,1078],{},[15,57104,6921,57105,57107,57108,2511,57110,57107,57112,498],{},[19,57106,1709],{}," compares equal to ",[19,57109,1078],{},[19,57111,1783],{},[19,57113,182],{},[43,57115,1602],{"id":1601},[27,57117,57118,57122,57128,57132,57140,57147],{},[30,57119,57120],{},[373,57121,50941],{"href":49148},[30,57123,57124],{},[373,57125,57127],{"href":57126},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[30,57129,57130],{},[373,57131,5064],{"href":4323},[30,57133,57134],{},[373,57135,53690,57137,8880],{"href":57136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[19,57138,57139],{},"index()",[30,57141,57142],{},[373,57143,1680,57145],{"href":57144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[19,57146,40526],{},[30,57148,57149],{},[373,57150,57151],{"href":56665},"What is a list in Python",[1634,57153,57154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":57156},[57157,57158,57160,57161,57162,57168,57174,57176,57184,57195],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":55558,"depth":87,"text":57159},"What list.count() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":36182,"depth":87,"text":36183},{"id":55880,"depth":87,"text":55881,"children":57163},[57164,57165,57167],{"id":55912,"depth":103,"text":55913},{"id":56011,"depth":103,"text":57166},"1 and True can match",{"id":56110,"depth":103,"text":56111},{"id":56188,"depth":87,"text":56189,"children":57169},[57170,57171,57172,57173],{"id":56192,"depth":103,"text":56193},{"id":56271,"depth":103,"text":56272},{"id":56368,"depth":103,"text":56369},{"id":56443,"depth":103,"text":56444},{"id":56544,"depth":87,"text":57175},"When to use count()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":57177},[57178,57179,57181,57182],{"id":56675,"depth":103,"text":56676},{"id":56764,"depth":103,"text":57180},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":56851,"depth":103,"text":56852},{"id":56924,"depth":103,"text":57183},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":57185},[57186,57188,57189,57191,57193],{"id":57058,"depth":103,"text":57187},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":57067,"depth":103,"text":57068},{"id":57075,"depth":103,"text":57190},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":57084,"depth":103,"text":57192},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":57097,"depth":103,"text":57194},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":55453,"description":57196},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":57203,"title":57204,"body":57205,"description":59168,"extension":1666,"meta":59169,"navigation":317,"path":59170,"seo":59171,"stem":59172,"__hash__":59173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":8,"value":57206,"toc":59131},[57207,57210,57213,57215,57343,57347,57428,57439,57441,57460,57464,57467,57470,57488,57490,57533,57537,57562,57571,57575,57580,57583,57700,57704,57773,57777,57789,57793,57796,57837,57841,57854,57857,57942,57946,57979,57986,57992,57997,57999,58011,58015,58048,58052,58084,58088,58125,58129,58149,58153,58187,58191,58220,58231,58235,58238,58241,58254,58311,58315,58354,58360,58363,58365,58368,58372,58375,58400,58402,58427,58434,58437,58482,58486,58505,58508,58547,58554,58559,58593,58597,58698,58705,58738,58742,58768,58772,58775,58813,58816,58853,58857,58860,58879,58883,58944,58946,58964,58968,58971,58974,59003,59005,59009,59012,59020,59024,59027,59047,59053,59059,59063,59066,59073,59081,59083,59122,59128],[11,57208,57204],{"id":57209},"python-list-creating-a-list",[15,57211,57212],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[43,57214,1714],{"id":1713},[48,57216,57218],{"className":50,"code":57217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[19,57219,57220,57240,57272,57280,57298,57302,57312,57322,57333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57221,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57223,1724],{"class":285},[57,57225,289],{"class":76},[57,57227,1729],{"class":67},[57,57229,1078],{"class":80},[57,57231,1081],{"class":67},[57,57233,1084],{"class":80},[57,57235,1081],{"class":67},[57,57237,530],{"class":80},[57,57239,1742],{"class":67},[57,57241,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57243,3116],{"class":285},[57,57245,289],{"class":76},[57,57247,1729],{"class":67},[57,57249,939],{"class":938},[57,57251,11025],{"class":942},[57,57253,939],{"class":938},[57,57255,1081],{"class":67},[57,57257,1449],{"class":938},[57,57259,34101],{"class":942},[57,57261,939],{"class":938},[57,57263,1081],{"class":67},[57,57265,1449],{"class":938},[57,57267,34110],{"class":942},[57,57269,939],{"class":938},[57,57271,1742],{"class":67},[57,57273,57274,57276,57278],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,57275,54101],{"class":285},[57,57277,289],{"class":76},[57,57279,5970],{"class":67},[57,57281,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,57283,34251],{"class":285},[57,57285,289],{"class":76},[57,57287,20712],{"class":990},[57,57289,68],{"class":67},[57,57291,939],{"class":938},[57,57293,39725],{"class":942},[57,57295,939],{"class":938},[57,57297,242],{"class":67},[57,57299,57300],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,57301,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,57303,57304,57306,57308,57310],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,57305,64],{"class":63},[57,57307,68],{"class":67},[57,57309,1756],{"class":238},[57,57311,242],{"class":67},[57,57313,57314,57316,57318,57320],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,57315,64],{"class":63},[57,57317,68],{"class":67},[57,57319,3160],{"class":238},[57,57321,242],{"class":67},[57,57323,57324,57326,57328,57331],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,57325,64],{"class":63},[57,57327,68],{"class":67},[57,57329,57330],{"class":238},"empty_list",[57,57332,242],{"class":67},[57,57334,57335,57337,57339,57341],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,57336,64],{"class":63},[57,57338,68],{"class":67},[57,57340,34304],{"class":238},[57,57342,242],{"class":67},[15,57344,57345],{},[1854,57346,131],{},[48,57348,57350],{"className":50,"code":57349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[19,57351,57352,57368,57396,57400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57353,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57355,2015],{"class":67},[57,57357,1078],{"class":80},[57,57359,1081],{"class":67},[57,57361,1084],{"class":80},[57,57363,1081],{"class":67},[57,57365,530],{"class":80},[57,57367,1742],{"class":67},[57,57369,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57371,2015],{"class":67},[57,57373,1395],{"class":938},[57,57375,11025],{"class":942},[57,57377,1395],{"class":938},[57,57379,1081],{"class":67},[57,57381,1390],{"class":938},[57,57383,34101],{"class":942},[57,57385,1395],{"class":938},[57,57387,1081],{"class":67},[57,57389,1390],{"class":938},[57,57391,34110],{"class":942},[57,57393,1395],{"class":938},[57,57395,1742],{"class":67},[57,57397,57398],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,57399,36460],{"class":67},[57,57401,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,57403,2015],{"class":67},[57,57405,1395],{"class":938},[57,57407,373],{"class":942},[57,57409,1395],{"class":938},[57,57411,1081],{"class":67},[57,57413,1390],{"class":938},[57,57415,2881],{"class":942},[57,57417,1395],{"class":938},[57,57419,1081],{"class":67},[57,57421,1390],{"class":938},[57,57423,7877],{"class":942},[57,57425,1395],{"class":938},[57,57427,1742],{"class":67},[15,57429,57430,57431,57433,57434,57436,57437,498],{},"Use square brackets ",[19,57432,1899],{}," for most lists. Use ",[19,57435,22934],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[19,57438,34359],{},[43,57440,13310],{"id":13309},[27,57442,57443,57446,57449,57452,57457],{},[30,57444,57445],{},"What a list is in Python",[30,57447,57448],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[30,57450,57451],{},"How to create an empty list",[30,57453,57454,57455,379],{},"How to create a list with the ",[19,57456,22934],{},[30,57458,57459],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[43,57461,57463],{"id":57462},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[15,57465,57466],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[15,57468,57469],{},"This means:",[27,57471,57472,57475,57478,57481],{},[30,57473,57474],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[30,57476,57477],{},"The order of items is kept",[30,57479,57480],{},"A list can hold different data types",[30,57482,57483,57484,57487],{},"A list is ",[1854,57485,57486],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[15,57489,275],{},[48,57491,57493],{"className":50,"code":57492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,57494,57495,57519,57523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57496,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57498,5910],{"class":285},[57,57500,289],{"class":76},[57,57502,1729],{"class":67},[57,57504,939],{"class":938},[57,57506,2195],{"class":942},[57,57508,939],{"class":938},[57,57510,1081],{"class":67},[57,57512,4130],{"class":80},[57,57514,1081],{"class":67},[57,57516,2031],{"class":1965},[57,57518,1742],{"class":67},[57,57520,57521],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57522,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,57524,57525,57527,57529,57531],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,57526,64],{"class":63},[57,57528,68],{"class":67},[57,57530,5941],{"class":238},[57,57532,242],{"class":67},[15,57534,57535],{},[1854,57536,131],{},[48,57538,57540],{"className":50,"code":57539,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[19,57541,57542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57543,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57545,2015],{"class":67},[57,57547,1395],{"class":938},[57,57549,2195],{"class":942},[57,57551,1395],{"class":938},[57,57553,1081],{"class":67},[57,57555,4130],{"class":80},[57,57557,1081],{"class":67},[57,57559,2031],{"class":1965},[57,57561,1742],{"class":67},[15,57563,57564,57565,965,57568,498],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[373,57566,57567],{"href":49148},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[373,57569,57570],{"href":56665},"What is a List in Python?",[43,57572,57574],{"id":57573},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[15,57576,57430,57577,57579],{},[19,57578,1899],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[15,57581,57582],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[48,57584,57586],{"className":50,"code":57585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[19,57587,57588,57608,57640,57665,57669,57679,57689],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57589,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57591,1724],{"class":285},[57,57593,289],{"class":76},[57,57595,1729],{"class":67},[57,57597,1078],{"class":80},[57,57599,1081],{"class":67},[57,57601,1084],{"class":80},[57,57603,1081],{"class":67},[57,57605,530],{"class":80},[57,57607,1742],{"class":67},[57,57609,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57611,3116],{"class":285},[57,57613,289],{"class":76},[57,57615,1729],{"class":67},[57,57617,939],{"class":938},[57,57619,11025],{"class":942},[57,57621,939],{"class":938},[57,57623,1081],{"class":67},[57,57625,1449],{"class":938},[57,57627,34101],{"class":942},[57,57629,939],{"class":938},[57,57631,1081],{"class":67},[57,57633,1449],{"class":938},[57,57635,34110],{"class":942},[57,57637,939],{"class":938},[57,57639,1742],{"class":67},[57,57641,57642,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,57643,57644],{"class":285},"mixed ",[57,57646,289],{"class":76},[57,57648,1729],{"class":67},[57,57650,407],{"class":80},[57,57652,1081],{"class":67},[57,57654,1449],{"class":938},[57,57656,1958],{"class":942},[57,57658,939],{"class":938},[57,57660,1081],{"class":67},[57,57662,2022],{"class":1965},[57,57664,1742],{"class":67},[57,57666,57667],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,57668,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,57670,57671,57673,57675,57677],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,57672,64],{"class":63},[57,57674,68],{"class":67},[57,57676,1756],{"class":238},[57,57678,242],{"class":67},[57,57680,57681,57683,57685,57687],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,57682,64],{"class":63},[57,57684,68],{"class":67},[57,57686,3160],{"class":238},[57,57688,242],{"class":67},[57,57690,57691,57693,57695,57698],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,57692,64],{"class":63},[57,57694,68],{"class":67},[57,57696,57697],{"class":238},"mixed",[57,57699,242],{"class":67},[15,57701,57702],{},[1854,57703,131],{},[48,57705,57707],{"className":50,"code":57706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[19,57708,57709,57725,57753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57710,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57712,2015],{"class":67},[57,57714,1078],{"class":80},[57,57716,1081],{"class":67},[57,57718,1084],{"class":80},[57,57720,1081],{"class":67},[57,57722,530],{"class":80},[57,57724,1742],{"class":67},[57,57726,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57728,2015],{"class":67},[57,57730,1395],{"class":938},[57,57732,11025],{"class":942},[57,57734,1395],{"class":938},[57,57736,1081],{"class":67},[57,57738,1390],{"class":938},[57,57740,34101],{"class":942},[57,57742,1395],{"class":938},[57,57744,1081],{"class":67},[57,57746,1390],{"class":938},[57,57748,34110],{"class":942},[57,57750,1395],{"class":938},[57,57752,1742],{"class":67},[57,57754,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,57756,2015],{"class":67},[57,57758,407],{"class":80},[57,57760,1081],{"class":67},[57,57762,1390],{"class":938},[57,57764,1958],{"class":942},[57,57766,1395],{"class":938},[57,57768,1081],{"class":67},[57,57770,2022],{"class":1965},[57,57772,1742],{"class":67},[616,57774,57776],{"id":57775},"key-points","Key points",[27,57778,57779,57784,57786],{},[30,57780,154,57781,57783],{},[19,57782,1899],{}," to make a new list",[30,57785,13580],{},[30,57787,57788],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[43,57790,57792],{"id":57791},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[15,57794,57795],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[48,57797,57799],{"className":50,"code":57798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[19,57800,57801,57809,57813,57823],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57802,57803,57805,57807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57804,6441],{"class":285},[57,57806,289],{"class":76},[57,57808,5970],{"class":67},[57,57810,57811],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57812,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,57814,57815,57817,57819,57821],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,57816,64],{"class":63},[57,57818,68],{"class":67},[57,57820,6472],{"class":238},[57,57822,242],{"class":67},[57,57824,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,57826,64],{"class":63},[57,57828,68],{"class":67},[57,57830,9302],{"class":63},[57,57832,68],{"class":67},[57,57834,6472],{"class":238},[57,57836,84],{"class":67},[15,57838,57839],{},[1854,57840,131],{},[48,57842,57844],{"className":50,"code":57843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[]\n0\n",[19,57845,57846,57850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57847,57848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57849,36460],{"class":67},[57,57851,57852],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57853,45419],{"class":80},[15,57855,57856],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[48,57858,57860],{"className":50,"code":57859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[19,57861,57862,57870,57874,57892,57910,57928,57932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57863,57864,57866,57868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57865,3116],{"class":285},[57,57867,289],{"class":76},[57,57869,5970],{"class":67},[57,57871,57872],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,57873,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,57875,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,57877,3160],{"class":285},[57,57879,498],{"class":67},[57,57881,11699],{"class":238},[57,57883,68],{"class":67},[57,57885,939],{"class":938},[57,57887,11025],{"class":942},[57,57889,939],{"class":938},[57,57891,242],{"class":67},[57,57893,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,57895,3160],{"class":285},[57,57897,498],{"class":67},[57,57899,11699],{"class":238},[57,57901,68],{"class":67},[57,57903,939],{"class":938},[57,57905,34101],{"class":942},[57,57907,939],{"class":938},[57,57909,242],{"class":67},[57,57911,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,57913,3160],{"class":285},[57,57915,498],{"class":67},[57,57917,11699],{"class":238},[57,57919,68],{"class":67},[57,57921,939],{"class":938},[57,57923,34110],{"class":942},[57,57925,939],{"class":938},[57,57927,242],{"class":67},[57,57929,57930],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,57931,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,57933,57934,57936,57938,57940],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,57935,64],{"class":63},[57,57937,68],{"class":67},[57,57939,3160],{"class":238},[57,57941,242],{"class":67},[15,57943,57944],{},[1854,57945,131],{},[48,57947,57949],{"className":50,"code":57948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[19,57950,57951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57952,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57954,2015],{"class":67},[57,57956,1395],{"class":938},[57,57958,11025],{"class":942},[57,57960,1395],{"class":938},[57,57962,1081],{"class":67},[57,57964,1390],{"class":938},[57,57966,34101],{"class":942},[57,57968,1395],{"class":938},[57,57970,1081],{"class":67},[57,57972,1390],{"class":938},[57,57974,34110],{"class":942},[57,57976,1395],{"class":938},[57,57978,1742],{"class":67},[15,57980,57981,57982,498],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[373,57983,57984,8880],{"href":54939},[19,57985,50822],{},[43,57987,57989,57990],{"id":57988},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[19,57991,22934],{},[15,57993,154,57994,57996],{},[19,57995,22934],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[15,57998,3581],{},[27,58000,58001,58003,58005,58007],{},[30,58002,3432],{},[30,58004,3426],{},[30,58006,3429],{},[30,58008,58009],{},[19,58010,34359],{},[616,58012,58014],{"id":58013},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[48,58016,58018],{"className":50,"code":58017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,58019,58020,58038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58021,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58023,34251],{"class":285},[57,58025,289],{"class":76},[57,58027,20712],{"class":990},[57,58029,68],{"class":67},[57,58031,939],{"class":938},[57,58033,39725],{"class":942},[57,58035,939],{"class":938},[57,58037,242],{"class":67},[57,58039,58040,58042,58044,58046],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58041,64],{"class":63},[57,58043,68],{"class":67},[57,58045,34304],{"class":238},[57,58047,242],{"class":67},[15,58049,58050],{},[1854,58051,131],{},[48,58053,58054],{"className":50,"code":41041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,58055,58056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58057,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58059,2015],{"class":67},[57,58061,1395],{"class":938},[57,58063,373],{"class":942},[57,58065,1395],{"class":938},[57,58067,1081],{"class":67},[57,58069,1390],{"class":938},[57,58071,2881],{"class":942},[57,58073,1395],{"class":938},[57,58075,1081],{"class":67},[57,58077,1390],{"class":938},[57,58079,7877],{"class":942},[57,58081,1395],{"class":938},[57,58083,1742],{"class":67},[616,58085,58087],{"id":58086},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[48,58089,58091],{"className":50,"code":58090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,58092,58093,58115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58094,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58096,1724],{"class":285},[57,58098,289],{"class":76},[57,58100,20712],{"class":990},[57,58102,3635],{"class":67},[57,58104,1078],{"class":80},[57,58106,1081],{"class":67},[57,58108,1084],{"class":80},[57,58110,1081],{"class":67},[57,58112,530],{"class":80},[57,58114,84],{"class":67},[57,58116,58117,58119,58121,58123],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58118,64],{"class":63},[57,58120,68],{"class":67},[57,58122,1756],{"class":238},[57,58124,242],{"class":67},[15,58126,58127],{},[1854,58128,131],{},[48,58130,58131],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,58132,58133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58134,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58136,2015],{"class":67},[57,58138,1078],{"class":80},[57,58140,1081],{"class":67},[57,58142,1084],{"class":80},[57,58144,1081],{"class":67},[57,58146,530],{"class":80},[57,58148,1742],{"class":67},[616,58150,58152],{"id":58151},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[48,58154,58156],{"className":50,"code":58155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[19,58157,58158,58177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58159,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168,58171,58173,58175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58161,1935],{"class":285},[57,58163,289],{"class":76},[57,58165,20712],{"class":990},[57,58167,68],{"class":67},[57,58169,58170],{"class":63},"range",[57,58172,68],{"class":67},[57,58174,199],{"class":80},[57,58176,84],{"class":67},[57,58178,58179,58181,58183,58185],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58180,64],{"class":63},[57,58182,68],{"class":67},[57,58184,3482],{"class":238},[57,58186,242],{"class":67},[15,58188,58189],{},[1854,58190,131],{},[48,58192,58194],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,58195,58196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58197,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58199,2015],{"class":67},[57,58201,182],{"class":80},[57,58203,1081],{"class":67},[57,58205,3622],{"class":80},[57,58207,1081],{"class":67},[57,58209,1084],{"class":80},[57,58211,1081],{"class":67},[57,58213,530],{"class":80},[57,58215,1081],{"class":67},[57,58217,536],{"class":80},[57,58219,1742],{"class":67},[15,58221,58222,58224,58225,498],{},[19,58223,22934],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[373,58226,58228,58230],{"href":58227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[19,58229,22934],{},": Function Explained",[43,58232,58234],{"id":58233},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[15,58236,58237],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[15,58239,58240],{},"Examples include:",[27,58242,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251],{},[30,58244,3432],{},[30,58246,38588],{},[30,58248,50215],{},[30,58250,38758],{},[30,58252,58253],{},"other lists",[48,58255,58257],{"className":50,"code":58256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[19,58258,58259,58297,58301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58260,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58262,7302],{"class":285},[57,58264,289],{"class":76},[57,58266,1729],{"class":67},[57,58268,939],{"class":938},[57,58270,11025],{"class":942},[57,58272,939],{"class":938},[57,58274,1081],{"class":67},[57,58276,7443],{"class":80},[57,58278,1081],{"class":67},[57,58280,2031],{"class":1965},[57,58282,1081],{"class":67},[57,58284,1729],{"class":67},[57,58286,1078],{"class":80},[57,58288,1081],{"class":67},[57,58290,1084],{"class":80},[57,58292,1081],{"class":67},[57,58294,530],{"class":80},[57,58296,51412],{"class":67},[57,58298,58299],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58300,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,58302,58303,58305,58307,58309],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,58304,64],{"class":63},[57,58306,68],{"class":67},[57,58308,7341],{"class":238},[57,58310,242],{"class":67},[15,58312,58313],{},[1854,58314,131],{},[48,58316,58318],{"className":50,"code":58317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[19,58319,58320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58321,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58323,2015],{"class":67},[57,58325,1395],{"class":938},[57,58327,11025],{"class":942},[57,58329,1395],{"class":938},[57,58331,1081],{"class":67},[57,58333,7443],{"class":80},[57,58335,1081],{"class":67},[57,58337,2031],{"class":1965},[57,58339,1081],{"class":67},[57,58341,1729],{"class":67},[57,58343,1078],{"class":80},[57,58345,1081],{"class":67},[57,58347,1084],{"class":80},[57,58349,1081],{"class":67},[57,58351,530],{"class":80},[57,58353,51412],{"class":67},[15,58355,58356,58357,498],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[1854,58358,58359],{},"nested list",[15,58361,58362],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[43,58364,2637],{"id":2636},[15,58366,58367],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[616,58369,58371],{"id":58370},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[15,58373,58374],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[48,58376,58378],{"className":50,"code":58377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[19,58379,58380,58384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58381,58382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58383,2654],{"class":1772},[57,58385,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58387,1724],{"class":285},[57,58389,289],{"class":76},[57,58391,1729],{"class":67},[57,58393,1078],{"class":80},[57,58395,1084],{"class":80},[57,58397,530],{"class":80},[57,58399,1742],{"class":67},[15,58401,8947],{},[48,58403,58405],{"className":50,"code":58404,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[19,58406,58407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58408,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58410,1724],{"class":285},[57,58412,289],{"class":76},[57,58414,1729],{"class":67},[57,58416,1078],{"class":80},[57,58418,1081],{"class":67},[57,58420,1084],{"class":80},[57,58422,1081],{"class":67},[57,58424,530],{"class":80},[57,58426,1742],{"class":67},[616,58428,6551,58430,9232,58432],{"id":58429},"using-instead-of",[19,58431,5495],{},[19,58433,1899],{},[15,58435,58436],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[48,58438,58440],{"className":50,"code":58439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[19,58441,58442,58463,58467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58443,58444,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58445,58446],{"class":285},"my_values ",[57,58448,289],{"class":76},[57,58450,7373],{"class":67},[57,58452,1078],{"class":80},[57,58454,1081],{"class":67},[57,58456,1084],{"class":80},[57,58458,1081],{"class":67},[57,58460,530],{"class":80},[57,58462,242],{"class":67},[57,58464,58465],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58466,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,58468,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58480],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,58470,64],{"class":63},[57,58472,68],{"class":67},[57,58474,1315],{"class":990},[57,58476,68],{"class":67},[57,58478,58479],{"class":238},"my_values",[57,58481,84],{"class":67},[15,58483,58484],{},[1854,58485,131],{},[48,58487,58489],{"className":50,"code":58488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[19,58490,58491],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58492,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58494,1384],{"class":76},[57,58496,1387],{"class":125},[57,58498,1390],{"class":938},[57,58500,47121],{"class":942},[57,58502,1395],{"class":938},[57,58504,1398],{"class":76},[15,58506,58507],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[48,58509,58511],{"className":50,"code":58510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[19,58512,58513,58533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58514,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58516,58446],{"class":285},[57,58518,289],{"class":76},[57,58520,1729],{"class":67},[57,58522,1078],{"class":80},[57,58524,1081],{"class":67},[57,58526,1084],{"class":80},[57,58528,1081],{"class":67},[57,58530,530],{"class":80},[57,58532,1742],{"class":67},[57,58534,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58536,64],{"class":63},[57,58538,68],{"class":67},[57,58540,1315],{"class":990},[57,58542,68],{"class":67},[57,58544,58479],{"class":238},[57,58546,84],{"class":67},[616,58548,6587,58550,58553],{"id":58549},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[19,58551,58552],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[15,58555,58556,58558],{},[19,58557,22934],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[48,58560,58562],{"className":50,"code":58561,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[19,58563,58564,58583],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58565,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58579,58581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58567,300],{"class":285},[57,58569,289],{"class":76},[57,58571,20712],{"class":990},[57,58573,68],{"class":67},[57,58575,939],{"class":938},[57,58577,58578],{"class":942},"hello world",[57,58580,939],{"class":938},[57,58582,242],{"class":67},[57,58584,58585,58587,58589,58591],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58586,64],{"class":63},[57,58588,68],{"class":67},[57,58590,339],{"class":238},[57,58592,242],{"class":67},[15,58594,58595],{},[1854,58596,131],{},[48,58598,58600],{"className":50,"code":58599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[19,58601,58602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58603,58604,58606,58608,58611,58613,58615,58617,58620,58622,58624,58626,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58605,2015],{"class":67},[57,58607,1395],{"class":938},[57,58609,58610],{"class":942},"h",[57,58612,1395],{"class":938},[57,58614,1081],{"class":67},[57,58616,1390],{"class":938},[57,58618,58619],{"class":942},"e",[57,58621,1395],{"class":938},[57,58623,1081],{"class":67},[57,58625,1390],{"class":938},[57,58627,58628],{"class":942},"l",[57,58630,1395],{"class":938},[57,58632,1081],{"class":67},[57,58634,1390],{"class":938},[57,58636,58628],{"class":942},[57,58638,1395],{"class":938},[57,58640,1081],{"class":67},[57,58642,1390],{"class":938},[57,58644,58645],{"class":942},"o",[57,58647,1395],{"class":938},[57,58649,1081],{"class":67},[57,58651,1390],{"class":938},[57,58653,1390],{"class":938},[57,58655,1081],{"class":67},[57,58657,1390],{"class":938},[57,58659,58660],{"class":942},"w",[57,58662,1395],{"class":938},[57,58664,1081],{"class":67},[57,58666,1390],{"class":938},[57,58668,58645],{"class":942},[57,58670,1395],{"class":938},[57,58672,1081],{"class":67},[57,58674,1390],{"class":938},[57,58676,58677],{"class":942},"r",[57,58679,1395],{"class":938},[57,58681,1081],{"class":67},[57,58683,1390],{"class":938},[57,58685,58628],{"class":942},[57,58687,1395],{"class":938},[57,58689,1081],{"class":67},[57,58691,1390],{"class":938},[57,58693,16918],{"class":942},[57,58695,1395],{"class":938},[57,58697,1742],{"class":67},[15,58699,58700,58701,58704],{},"If you want words, use ",[19,58702,58703],{},"split()"," instead:",[48,58706,58708],{"className":50,"code":58707,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[19,58709,58710,58728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58711,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58713,2186],{"class":285},[57,58715,289],{"class":76},[57,58717,1449],{"class":938},[57,58719,58578],{"class":942},[57,58721,939],{"class":938},[57,58723,498],{"class":67},[57,58725,32627],{"class":238},[57,58727,6778],{"class":67},[57,58729,58730,58732,58734,58736],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58731,64],{"class":63},[57,58733,68],{"class":67},[57,58735,2230],{"class":238},[57,58737,242],{"class":67},[15,58739,58740],{},[1854,58741,131],{},[48,58743,58745],{"className":50,"code":58744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello', 'world']\n",[19,58746,58747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58748,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58764,58766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58750,2015],{"class":67},[57,58752,1395],{"class":938},[57,58754,1958],{"class":942},[57,58756,1395],{"class":938},[57,58758,1081],{"class":67},[57,58760,1390],{"class":938},[57,58762,58763],{"class":942},"world",[57,58765,1395],{"class":938},[57,58767,1742],{"class":67},[616,58769,58771],{"id":58770},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[15,58773,58774],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[48,58776,58778],{"className":50,"code":58777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[19,58779,58780,58784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58781,58782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58783,2654],{"class":1772},[57,58785,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58805,58807,58809,58811],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58787,3116],{"class":285},[57,58789,289],{"class":76},[57,58791,1729],{"class":67},[57,58793,939],{"class":938},[57,58795,11025],{"class":942},[57,58797,939],{"class":938},[57,58799,1081],{"class":67},[57,58801,1449],{"class":938},[57,58803,58804],{"class":942},"Ben', ",[57,58806,939],{"class":938},[57,58808,34110],{"class":285},[57,58810,939],{"class":938},[57,58812,1742],{"class":942},[15,58814,58815],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[48,58817,58819],{"className":50,"code":58818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[19,58820,58821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58822,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58824,3116],{"class":285},[57,58826,289],{"class":76},[57,58828,1729],{"class":67},[57,58830,939],{"class":938},[57,58832,11025],{"class":942},[57,58834,939],{"class":938},[57,58836,1081],{"class":67},[57,58838,1449],{"class":938},[57,58840,34101],{"class":942},[57,58842,939],{"class":938},[57,58844,1081],{"class":67},[57,58846,1449],{"class":938},[57,58848,34110],{"class":942},[57,58850,939],{"class":938},[57,58852,1742],{"class":67},[616,58854,58856],{"id":58855},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[15,58858,58859],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[27,58861,58862,58865,58868,58873],{},[30,58863,58864],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[30,58866,58867],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[30,58869,58870,58871],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[19,58872,22934],{},[30,58874,6587,58875,58878],{},[19,58876,58877],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[616,58880,58882],{"id":58881},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[48,58884,58886],{"className":50,"code":58885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[19,58887,58888,58898,58912,58926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58889,58890,58892,58894,58896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58891,64],{"class":63},[57,58893,68],{"class":67},[57,58895,6472],{"class":238},[57,58897,242],{"class":67},[57,58899,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,58901,64],{"class":63},[57,58903,68],{"class":67},[57,58905,1315],{"class":990},[57,58907,68],{"class":67},[57,58909,6472],{"class":238},[57,58911,84],{"class":67},[57,58913,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,58915,64],{"class":63},[57,58917,68],{"class":67},[57,58919,9302],{"class":63},[57,58921,68],{"class":67},[57,58923,6472],{"class":238},[57,58925,84],{"class":67},[57,58927,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940,58942],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,58929,64],{"class":63},[57,58931,68],{"class":67},[57,58933,6226],{"class":990},[57,58935,68],{"class":67},[57,58937,58170],{"class":63},[57,58939,68],{"class":67},[57,58941,199],{"class":80},[57,58943,1001],{"class":67},[15,58945,24162],{},[27,58947,58948,58951,58954,58957],{},[30,58949,58950],{},"what the list contains",[30,58952,58953],{},"whether the value is really a list",[30,58955,58956],{},"how many items it has",[30,58958,24173,58959,58961,58962],{},[19,58960,22934],{}," does with ",[19,58963,34359],{},[43,58965,58967],{"id":58966},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[15,58969,58970],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[15,58972,58973],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[27,58975,58976,58991,58996],{},[30,58977,154,58978,256,58982,15221,58986,58990],{},[373,58979,58980],{"href":54939},[19,58981,50822],{},[373,58983,58984],{"href":51514},[19,58985,51616],{},[373,58987,58988],{"href":52078},[19,58989,52438],{}," to add items later",[30,58992,154,58993,58995],{},[373,58994,57567],{"href":49148}," for a broader introduction",[30,58997,154,58998,59002],{},[373,58999,59000,58230],{"href":58227},[19,59001,22934],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[43,59004,1554],{"id":1553},[616,59006,59008],{"id":59007},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[15,59010,59011],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[48,59013,59014],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,59015,59016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59017,59018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59019,36460],{"class":67},[616,59021,59023],{"id":59022},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[15,59025,59026],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[48,59028,59029],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,59030,59031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59032,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59034,2015],{"class":67},[57,59036,1078],{"class":80},[57,59038,1081],{"class":67},[57,59040,1084],{"class":80},[57,59042,1081],{"class":67},[57,59044,530],{"class":80},[57,59046,1742],{"class":67},[616,59048,3264,59050,59052],{"id":59049},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[19,59051,22934],{}," do in Python?",[15,59054,59055,59056,59058],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[19,59057,34359],{},", into a list.",[616,59060,59062],{"id":59061},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[15,59064,59065],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[616,59067,3302,59069,2511,59071,572],{"id":59068},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[19,59070,1899],{},[19,59072,5495],{},[15,59074,59075,59077,59078,59080],{},[19,59076,1899],{}," creates a list. ",[19,59079,5495],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[43,59082,1602],{"id":1601},[27,59084,59085,59089,59095,59101,59107,59113,59117],{},[30,59086,59087],{},[373,59088,57567],{"href":49148},[30,59090,59091],{},[373,59092,53690,59093,9463],{"href":54939},[19,59094,50822],{},[30,59096,59097],{},[373,59098,53690,59099,9463],{"href":51514},[19,59100,51616],{},[30,59102,59103],{},[373,59104,53690,59105,9463],{"href":52078},[19,59106,52438],{},[30,59108,59109],{},[373,59110,1680,59111,1684],{"href":58227},[19,59112,22934],{},[30,59114,59115],{},[373,59116,57570],{"href":56665},[30,59118,59119],{},[373,59120,59121],{"href":10208},"Mutability in Python Explained",[15,59123,59124,59125,59127],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[19,59126,50822],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1634,59129,59130],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":59132},[59133,59134,59135,59136,59139,59140,59146,59147,59157,59158,59167],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":13309,"depth":87,"text":13310},{"id":57462,"depth":87,"text":57463},{"id":57573,"depth":87,"text":57574,"children":59137},[59138],{"id":57775,"depth":103,"text":57776},{"id":57791,"depth":87,"text":57792},{"id":57988,"depth":87,"text":59141,"children":59142},"Create a list with list()",[59143,59144,59145],{"id":58013,"depth":103,"text":58014},{"id":58086,"depth":103,"text":58087},{"id":58151,"depth":103,"text":58152},{"id":58233,"depth":87,"text":58234},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":59148},[59149,59150,59152,59154,59155,59156],{"id":58370,"depth":103,"text":58371},{"id":58429,"depth":103,"text":59151},"Using () instead of []",{"id":58549,"depth":103,"text":59153},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":58770,"depth":103,"text":58771},{"id":58855,"depth":103,"text":58856},{"id":58881,"depth":103,"text":58882},{"id":58966,"depth":87,"text":58967},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":59159},[59160,59161,59162,59164,59165],{"id":59007,"depth":103,"text":59008},{"id":59022,"depth":103,"text":59023},{"id":59049,"depth":103,"text":59163},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":59061,"depth":103,"text":59062},{"id":59068,"depth":103,"text":59166},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":57204,"description":59168},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":59175,"title":59176,"body":59177,"description":60918,"extension":1666,"meta":60919,"navigation":317,"path":60920,"seo":60921,"stem":60922,"__hash__":60923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":8,"value":59178,"toc":60873},[59179,59184,59189,59192,59194,59265,59270,59275,59279,59293,59298,59300,59320,59325,59328,59351,59355,59360,59452,59454,59476,59482,59488,59495,59502,59508,59565,59571,59629,59631,59643,59651,59657,59662,59666,59723,59726,59730,59789,59792,59796,59854,59866,59870,59923,59926,59930,59936,59942,60004,60007,60068,60071,60127,60132,60134,60138,60145,60206,60211,60220,60276,60283,60287,60345,60354,60412,60416,60451,60455,60465,60468,60523,60537,60540,60655,60660,60664,60675,60677,60756,60766,60768,60773,60778,60785,60793,60799,60802,60808,60811,60817,60823,60825,60861,60870],[11,59180,52512,59182,9463],{"id":59181},"python-list-extend-method",[19,59183,51616],{},[15,59185,59186,59188],{},[19,59187,51517],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[15,59190,59191],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[43,59193,46],{"id":45},[48,59195,59197],{"className":50,"code":59196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,59198,59199,59215,59232,59236,59251,59261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59200,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59202,1724],{"class":285},[57,59204,289],{"class":76},[57,59206,1729],{"class":67},[57,59208,1078],{"class":80},[57,59210,1081],{"class":67},[57,59212,1084],{"class":80},[57,59214,1742],{"class":67},[57,59216,59217,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59218,59219],{"class":285},"more_numbers ",[57,59221,289],{"class":76},[57,59223,1729],{"class":67},[57,59225,122],{"class":80},[57,59227,1081],{"class":67},[57,59229,536],{"class":80},[57,59231,1742],{"class":67},[57,59233,59234],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59235,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59237,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59249],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59239,1756],{"class":285},[57,59241,498],{"class":67},[57,59243,51646],{"class":238},[57,59245,68],{"class":67},[57,59247,59248],{"class":238},"more_numbers",[57,59250,242],{"class":67},[57,59252,59253,59255,59257,59259],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,59254,64],{"class":63},[57,59256,68],{"class":67},[57,59258,1756],{"class":238},[57,59260,242],{"class":67},[57,59262,59263],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,59264,50893],{"class":1772},[15,59266,154,59267,59269],{},[19,59268,51616],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[43,59271,1787,59273,1790],{"id":59272},"what-listextend-does",[19,59274,51517],{},[15,59276,59277,972],{},[19,59278,51616],{},[27,59280,59281,59284,59286,59289],{},[30,59282,59283],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[30,59285,52598],{},[30,59287,59288],{},"Does not create a new list",[30,59290,9565,59291],{},[19,59292,1890],{},[15,59294,59295,59296,51971],{},"This is an important point: ",[19,59297,51616],{},[43,59299,221],{"id":220},[48,59301,59303],{"className":50,"code":59302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[19,59304,59305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59306,59307,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59308,59309],{"class":285},"list_name",[57,59311,498],{"class":67},[57,59313,51646],{"class":238},[57,59315,68],{"class":67},[57,59317,1831],{"class":238},[57,59319,242],{"class":67},[15,59321,3576,59322,59324],{},[1854,59323,1831],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[15,59326,59327],{},"Common iterables include:",[27,59329,59330,59334,59338,59342,59347],{},[30,59331,59332],{},[19,59333,6226],{},[30,59335,59336],{},[19,59337,47121],{},[30,59339,59340],{},[19,59341,4413],{},[30,59343,59344],{},[19,59345,59346],{},"string",[30,59348,59349],{},[19,59350,58170],{},[43,59352,59354],{"id":59353},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[15,59356,59357,59358,972],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[19,59359,51616],{},[48,59361,59363],{"className":50,"code":59362,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[19,59364,59365,59389,59414,59418,59433,59437,59447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59368,34400],{"class":285},[57,59370,289],{"class":76},[57,59372,1729],{"class":67},[57,59374,939],{"class":938},[57,59376,2195],{"class":942},[57,59378,939],{"class":938},[57,59380,1081],{"class":67},[57,59382,1449],{"class":938},[57,59384,2204],{"class":942},[57,59386,939],{"class":938},[57,59388,1742],{"class":67},[57,59390,59391,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59392,59393],{"class":285},"more_fruits ",[57,59395,289],{"class":76},[57,59397,1729],{"class":67},[57,59399,939],{"class":938},[57,59401,31378],{"class":942},[57,59403,939],{"class":938},[57,59405,1081],{"class":67},[57,59407,1449],{"class":938},[57,59409,20685],{"class":942},[57,59411,939],{"class":938},[57,59413,1742],{"class":67},[57,59415,59416],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59417,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59419,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59431],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59421,34452],{"class":285},[57,59423,498],{"class":67},[57,59425,51646],{"class":238},[57,59427,68],{"class":67},[57,59429,59430],{"class":238},"more_fruits",[57,59432,242],{"class":67},[57,59434,59435],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,59436,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59438,59439,59441,59443,59445],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,59440,64],{"class":63},[57,59442,68],{"class":67},[57,59444,34452],{"class":238},[57,59446,242],{"class":67},[57,59448,59449],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,59450,59451],{"class":1772},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,59453,9826],{},[27,59455,59456,59461,59466],{},[30,59457,59458,59460],{},[19,59459,34452],{}," starts with two items",[30,59462,59463,59465],{},[19,59464,59430],{}," has two more items",[30,59467,59468,59470,59471,59473,59474],{},[19,59469,51616],{}," adds each item from ",[19,59472,59430],{}," to ",[19,59475,34452],{},[15,59477,59478,59479,59481],{},"After the method runs, ",[19,59480,34452],{}," contains all four items.",[15,59483,52737,59484,2511,59486,498],{},[373,59485,50941],{"href":49148},[373,59487,55325],{"href":55324},[43,59489,59491,8724,59493],{"id":59490},"extend-vs-append",[19,59492,51616],{},[19,59494,50822],{},[15,59496,59497,2511,59499,59501],{},[19,59498,51616],{},[19,59500,50822],{}," are often confused.",[616,59503,59505,59507],{"id":59504},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[19,59506,51616],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[48,59509,59511],{"className":50,"code":59510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,59512,59513,59529,59547,59551,59561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59514,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59516,1724],{"class":285},[57,59518,289],{"class":76},[57,59520,1729],{"class":67},[57,59522,1078],{"class":80},[57,59524,1081],{"class":67},[57,59526,1084],{"class":80},[57,59528,1742],{"class":67},[57,59530,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59532,1756],{"class":285},[57,59534,498],{"class":67},[57,59536,51646],{"class":238},[57,59538,1075],{"class":67},[57,59540,122],{"class":80},[57,59542,1081],{"class":67},[57,59544,536],{"class":80},[57,59546,2003],{"class":67},[57,59548,59549],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59550,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59552,59553,59555,59557,59559],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59554,64],{"class":63},[57,59556,68],{"class":67},[57,59558,1756],{"class":238},[57,59560,242],{"class":67},[57,59562,59563],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,59564,50893],{"class":1772},[616,59566,59568,59570],{"id":59567},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[19,59569,50822],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[48,59572,59574],{"className":50,"code":59573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[19,59575,59576,59592,59610,59614,59624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59577,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59579,1724],{"class":285},[57,59581,289],{"class":76},[57,59583,1729],{"class":67},[57,59585,1078],{"class":80},[57,59587,1081],{"class":67},[57,59589,1084],{"class":80},[57,59591,1742],{"class":67},[57,59593,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59595,1756],{"class":285},[57,59597,498],{"class":67},[57,59599,11699],{"class":238},[57,59601,1075],{"class":67},[57,59603,122],{"class":80},[57,59605,1081],{"class":67},[57,59607,536],{"class":80},[57,59609,2003],{"class":67},[57,59611,59612],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59613,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59615,59616,59618,59620,59622],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59617,64],{"class":63},[57,59619,68],{"class":67},[57,59621,1756],{"class":238},[57,59623,242],{"class":67},[57,59625,59626],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,59627,59628],{"class":1772},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,59630,16845],{},[27,59632,59633,59638],{},[30,59634,59635,59637],{},[19,59636,51616],{}," to combine values",[30,59639,59640,59642],{},[19,59641,50822],{}," to add one item",[15,59644,40258,59645,2511,59649,498],{},[373,59646,53690,59647,8880],{"href":54939},[19,59648,50822],{},[373,59650,51219],{"href":51218},[43,59652,6551,59654,59656],{"id":59653},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[19,59655,51616],{}," with different iterables",[15,59658,59659,59661],{},[19,59660,51616],{}," works with more than just lists.",[616,59663,59665],{"id":59664},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[48,59667,59669],{"className":50,"code":59668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,59670,59671,59687,59705,59709,59719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59672,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59674,1935],{"class":285},[57,59676,289],{"class":76},[57,59678,1729],{"class":67},[57,59680,1078],{"class":80},[57,59682,1081],{"class":67},[57,59684,1084],{"class":80},[57,59686,1742],{"class":67},[57,59688,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59690,3482],{"class":285},[57,59692,498],{"class":67},[57,59694,51646],{"class":238},[57,59696,3635],{"class":67},[57,59698,122],{"class":80},[57,59700,1081],{"class":67},[57,59702,536],{"class":80},[57,59704,84],{"class":67},[57,59706,59707],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59708,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59710,59711,59713,59715,59717],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59712,64],{"class":63},[57,59714,68],{"class":67},[57,59716,3482],{"class":238},[57,59718,242],{"class":67},[57,59720,59721],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,59722,50893],{"class":1772},[15,59724,59725],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[616,59727,59729],{"id":59728},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[48,59731,59733],{"className":50,"code":59732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[19,59734,59735,59751,59770,59774,59784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59736,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59738,34251],{"class":285},[57,59740,289],{"class":76},[57,59742,1729],{"class":67},[57,59744,939],{"class":938},[57,59746,373],{"class":942},[57,59748,939],{"class":938},[57,59750,1742],{"class":67},[57,59752,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59766,59768],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59754,34304],{"class":285},[57,59756,498],{"class":67},[57,59758,51646],{"class":238},[57,59760,68],{"class":67},[57,59762,939],{"class":938},[57,59764,59765],{"class":942},"bc",[57,59767,939],{"class":938},[57,59769,242],{"class":67},[57,59771,59772],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59773,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59775,59776,59778,59780,59782],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59777,64],{"class":63},[57,59779,68],{"class":67},[57,59781,34304],{"class":238},[57,59783,242],{"class":67},[57,59785,59786],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,59787,59788],{"class":1772},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59790,59791],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[616,59793,59795],{"id":59794},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[48,59797,59799],{"className":50,"code":59798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[19,59800,59801,59813,59835,59839,59849],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59802,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59804,1724],{"class":285},[57,59806,289],{"class":76},[57,59808,1729],{"class":67},[57,59810,182],{"class":80},[57,59812,1742],{"class":67},[57,59814,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59816,1756],{"class":285},[57,59818,498],{"class":67},[57,59820,51646],{"class":238},[57,59822,68],{"class":67},[57,59824,58170],{"class":63},[57,59826,68],{"class":67},[57,59828,1078],{"class":80},[57,59830,1081],{"class":67},[57,59832,536],{"class":80},[57,59834,84],{"class":67},[57,59836,59837],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59838,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59840,59841,59843,59845,59847],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59842,64],{"class":63},[57,59844,68],{"class":67},[57,59846,1756],{"class":238},[57,59848,242],{"class":67},[57,59850,59851],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,59852,59853],{"class":1772},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59855,59856,59859,59860,256,59862,15221,59864,498],{},[19,59857,59858],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[19,59861,1078],{},[19,59863,116],{},[19,59865,122],{},[616,59867,59869],{"id":59868},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[48,59871,59873],{"className":50,"code":59872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,59874,59875,59891,59909,59913],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59876,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59878,5910],{"class":285},[57,59880,289],{"class":76},[57,59882,1729],{"class":67},[57,59884,1078],{"class":80},[57,59886,1081],{"class":67},[57,59888,1084],{"class":80},[57,59890,1742],{"class":67},[57,59892,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59894,5941],{"class":285},[57,59896,498],{"class":67},[57,59898,51646],{"class":238},[57,59900,3654],{"class":67},[57,59902,122],{"class":80},[57,59904,1081],{"class":67},[57,59906,536],{"class":80},[57,59908,28652],{"class":67},[57,59910,59911],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59912,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59914,59915,59917,59919,59921],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59916,64],{"class":63},[57,59918,68],{"class":67},[57,59920,5941],{"class":238},[57,59922,242],{"class":67},[15,59924,59925],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[43,59927,59929],{"id":59928},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[15,59931,59932,474,59934,498],{},[19,59933,51616],{},[19,59935,1890],{},[15,59937,59938,59939,972],{},"That means this is ",[1854,59940,59941],{},"wrong",[48,59943,59945],{"className":50,"code":59944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[19,59946,59947,59963,59985,59989,59999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59948,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59950,1724],{"class":285},[57,59952,289],{"class":76},[57,59954,1729],{"class":67},[57,59956,1078],{"class":80},[57,59958,1081],{"class":67},[57,59960,1084],{"class":80},[57,59962,1742],{"class":67},[57,59964,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,59966,300],{"class":285},[57,59968,289],{"class":76},[57,59970,2380],{"class":285},[57,59972,498],{"class":67},[57,59974,51646],{"class":238},[57,59976,1075],{"class":67},[57,59978,122],{"class":80},[57,59980,1081],{"class":67},[57,59982,536],{"class":80},[57,59984,2003],{"class":67},[57,59986,59987],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,59988,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,59990,59991,59993,59995,59997],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,59992,64],{"class":63},[57,59994,68],{"class":67},[57,59996,339],{"class":238},[57,59998,242],{"class":67},[57,60000,60001],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60002,60003],{"class":1772},"# None\n",[15,60005,60006],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[48,60008,60010],{"className":50,"code":60009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[19,60011,60012,60028,60050,60054,60064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60013,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60015,1724],{"class":285},[57,60017,289],{"class":76},[57,60019,1729],{"class":67},[57,60021,1078],{"class":80},[57,60023,1081],{"class":67},[57,60025,1084],{"class":80},[57,60027,1742],{"class":67},[57,60029,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60031,1724],{"class":285},[57,60033,289],{"class":76},[57,60035,2380],{"class":285},[57,60037,498],{"class":67},[57,60039,51646],{"class":238},[57,60041,1075],{"class":67},[57,60043,122],{"class":80},[57,60045,1081],{"class":67},[57,60047,536],{"class":80},[57,60049,2003],{"class":67},[57,60051,60052],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60053,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60055,60056,60058,60060,60062],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60057,64],{"class":63},[57,60059,68],{"class":67},[57,60061,1756],{"class":238},[57,60063,242],{"class":67},[57,60065,60066],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60067,60003],{"class":1772},[15,60069,60070],{},"The correct way is:",[48,60072,60073],{"className":50,"code":59510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,60074,60075,60091,60109,60113,60123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60076,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60078,1724],{"class":285},[57,60080,289],{"class":76},[57,60082,1729],{"class":67},[57,60084,1078],{"class":80},[57,60086,1081],{"class":67},[57,60088,1084],{"class":80},[57,60090,1742],{"class":67},[57,60092,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60094,1756],{"class":285},[57,60096,498],{"class":67},[57,60098,51646],{"class":238},[57,60100,1075],{"class":67},[57,60102,122],{"class":80},[57,60104,1081],{"class":67},[57,60106,536],{"class":80},[57,60108,2003],{"class":67},[57,60110,60111],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60112,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60114,60115,60117,60119,60121],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60116,64],{"class":63},[57,60118,68],{"class":67},[57,60120,1756],{"class":238},[57,60122,242],{"class":67},[57,60124,60125],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60126,50893],{"class":1772},[15,60128,54079,60129,60131],{},[19,60130,51616],{}," first, then use the original list.",[43,60133,2637],{"id":2636},[15,60135,12880,60136,498],{},[19,60137,51616],{},[616,60139,60141,60142,60144],{"id":60140},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[19,60143,51616],{}," to return a new list",[48,60146,60148],{"className":50,"code":60147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[19,60149,60150,60166,60188,60192,60202],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60151,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60153,1724],{"class":285},[57,60155,289],{"class":76},[57,60157,1729],{"class":67},[57,60159,1078],{"class":80},[57,60161,1081],{"class":67},[57,60163,1084],{"class":80},[57,60165,1742],{"class":67},[57,60167,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60169,53812],{"class":285},[57,60171,289],{"class":76},[57,60173,2380],{"class":285},[57,60175,498],{"class":67},[57,60177,51646],{"class":238},[57,60179,1075],{"class":67},[57,60181,122],{"class":80},[57,60183,1081],{"class":67},[57,60185,536],{"class":80},[57,60187,2003],{"class":67},[57,60189,60190],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60191,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60193,60194,60196,60198,60200],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60195,64],{"class":63},[57,60197,68],{"class":67},[57,60199,53831],{"class":238},[57,60201,242],{"class":67},[57,60203,60204],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60205,60003],{"class":1772},[15,60207,60208,60209,498],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[19,60210,51616],{},[616,60212,60214,60215,42796,60217,60219],{"id":60213},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[19,60216,50822],{},[19,60218,51616],{}," is needed",[48,60221,60222],{"className":50,"code":59573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,60223,60224,60240,60258,60262,60272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60225,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60227,1724],{"class":285},[57,60229,289],{"class":76},[57,60231,1729],{"class":67},[57,60233,1078],{"class":80},[57,60235,1081],{"class":67},[57,60237,1084],{"class":80},[57,60239,1742],{"class":67},[57,60241,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60243,1756],{"class":285},[57,60245,498],{"class":67},[57,60247,11699],{"class":238},[57,60249,1075],{"class":67},[57,60251,122],{"class":80},[57,60253,1081],{"class":67},[57,60255,536],{"class":80},[57,60257,2003],{"class":67},[57,60259,60260],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60261,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60263,60264,60266,60268,60270],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60265,64],{"class":63},[57,60267,68],{"class":67},[57,60269,1756],{"class":238},[57,60271,242],{"class":67},[57,60273,60274],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60275,59628],{"class":1772},[15,60277,60278,60279,52061,60281,4759],{},"If you wanted ",[19,60280,52060],{},[19,60282,51616],{},[616,60284,60286],{"id":60285},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[48,60288,60290],{"className":50,"code":60289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[19,60291,60292,60308,60326,60330,60340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60293,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60295,2186],{"class":285},[57,60297,289],{"class":76},[57,60299,1729],{"class":67},[57,60301,939],{"class":938},[57,60303,1958],{"class":942},[57,60305,939],{"class":938},[57,60307,1742],{"class":67},[57,60309,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60311,2230],{"class":285},[57,60313,498],{"class":67},[57,60315,51646],{"class":238},[57,60317,68],{"class":67},[57,60319,939],{"class":938},[57,60321,58763],{"class":942},[57,60323,939],{"class":938},[57,60325,242],{"class":67},[57,60327,60328],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60329,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60331,60332,60334,60336,60338],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60333,64],{"class":63},[57,60335,68],{"class":67},[57,60337,2230],{"class":238},[57,60339,242],{"class":67},[57,60341,60342],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60343,60344],{"class":1772},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60346,60347,60348,60351,60352,972],{},"If you want ",[19,60349,60350],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[19,60353,50822],{},[48,60355,60357],{"className":50,"code":60356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[19,60358,60359,60375,60393,60397,60407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60360,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60362,2186],{"class":285},[57,60364,289],{"class":76},[57,60366,1729],{"class":67},[57,60368,939],{"class":938},[57,60370,1958],{"class":942},[57,60372,939],{"class":938},[57,60374,1742],{"class":67},[57,60376,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60378,2230],{"class":285},[57,60380,498],{"class":67},[57,60382,11699],{"class":238},[57,60384,68],{"class":67},[57,60386,939],{"class":938},[57,60388,58763],{"class":942},[57,60390,939],{"class":938},[57,60392,242],{"class":67},[57,60394,60395],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60396,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60398,60399,60401,60403,60405],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60400,64],{"class":63},[57,60402,68],{"class":67},[57,60404,2230],{"class":238},[57,60406,242],{"class":67},[57,60408,60409],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60410,60411],{"class":1772},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[616,60413,60415],{"id":60414},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[48,60417,60419],{"className":50,"code":60418,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[19,60420,60421,60437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60422,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60424,1724],{"class":285},[57,60426,289],{"class":76},[57,60428,1729],{"class":67},[57,60430,1078],{"class":80},[57,60432,1081],{"class":67},[57,60434,1084],{"class":80},[57,60436,1742],{"class":67},[57,60438,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60440,1756],{"class":285},[57,60442,498],{"class":67},[57,60444,51646],{"class":238},[57,60446,68],{"class":67},[57,60448,199],{"class":80},[57,60450,242],{"class":67},[15,60452,37817,60453,4679],{},[19,60454,199],{},[15,60456,60457,60458,60460,60461,60464],{},"You will get a ",[19,60459,1097],{},". See ",[373,60462,60463],{"href":50769},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[15,60466,60467],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[48,60469,60471],{"className":50,"code":60470,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[19,60472,60473,60483,60497,60509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60474,60475,60477,60479,60481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60476,64],{"class":63},[57,60478,68],{"class":67},[57,60480,6472],{"class":238},[57,60482,242],{"class":67},[57,60484,60485,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60486,64],{"class":63},[57,60488,68],{"class":67},[57,60490,1315],{"class":990},[57,60492,68],{"class":67},[57,60494,3482],{"class":238},[57,60496,84],{"class":67},[57,60498,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60500,64],{"class":63},[57,60502,68],{"class":67},[57,60504,339],{"class":238},[57,60506,1769],{"class":67},[57,60508,242],{"class":285},[57,60510,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60512,30309],{"class":63},[57,60514,68],{"class":67},[57,60516,6226],{"class":990},[57,60518,498],{"class":67},[57,60520,51646],{"class":22903},[57,60522,242],{"class":67},[41746,60524,60525],{},[15,60526,60527,60528,60531,60532,60534,60535,498],{},"Note: ",[19,60529,60530],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[19,60533,1769],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[19,60536,31184],{},[15,60538,60539],{},"Correct debugging example:",[48,60541,60543],{"className":50,"code":60542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[19,60544,60545,60561,60577,60581,60595,60599,60607,60617,60631,60641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60546,60547,60549,60551,60553,60555,60557,60559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60548,6441],{"class":285},[57,60550,289],{"class":76},[57,60552,1729],{"class":67},[57,60554,1078],{"class":80},[57,60556,1081],{"class":67},[57,60558,1084],{"class":80},[57,60560,1742],{"class":67},[57,60562,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60564,1935],{"class":285},[57,60566,289],{"class":76},[57,60568,1729],{"class":67},[57,60570,122],{"class":80},[57,60572,1081],{"class":67},[57,60574,536],{"class":80},[57,60576,1742],{"class":67},[57,60578,60579],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60580,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60582,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60584,6472],{"class":285},[57,60586,498],{"class":67},[57,60588,51646],{"class":238},[57,60590,68],{"class":67},[57,60592,3482],{"class":238},[57,60594,242],{"class":67},[57,60596,60597],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60598,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60600,60601,60603,60605],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,60602,300],{"class":285},[57,60604,289],{"class":76},[57,60606,46695],{"class":1965},[57,60608,60609,60611,60613,60615],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,60610,64],{"class":63},[57,60612,68],{"class":67},[57,60614,6472],{"class":238},[57,60616,242],{"class":67},[57,60618,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,60620,64],{"class":63},[57,60622,68],{"class":67},[57,60624,1315],{"class":990},[57,60626,68],{"class":67},[57,60628,3482],{"class":238},[57,60630,84],{"class":67},[57,60632,60633,60635,60637,60639],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,60634,64],{"class":63},[57,60636,68],{"class":67},[57,60638,339],{"class":238},[57,60640,242],{"class":67},[57,60642,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653],{"class":59,"line":4564},[57,60644,30309],{"class":63},[57,60646,68],{"class":67},[57,60648,6226],{"class":990},[57,60650,498],{"class":67},[57,60652,51646],{"class":22903},[57,60654,242],{"class":67},[43,60656,3082,60658],{"id":60657},"when-to-use-extend",[19,60659,51616],{},[15,60661,154,60662,4444],{},[19,60663,51616],{},[27,60665,60666,60669,60672],{},[30,60667,60668],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[30,60670,60671],{},"Add multiple values at once",[30,60673,60674],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[15,60676,3596],{},[48,60678,60680],{"className":50,"code":60679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[19,60681,60682,60699,60717,60721,60737,60741,60751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60683,60684,60687,60689,60691,60693,60695,60697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60685,60686],{"class":285},"all_scores ",[57,60688,289],{"class":76},[57,60690,1729],{"class":67},[57,60692,11648],{"class":80},[57,60694,1081],{"class":67},[57,60696,11653],{"class":80},[57,60698,1742],{"class":67},[57,60700,60701,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60715],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60702,60703],{"class":285},"new_scores ",[57,60705,289],{"class":76},[57,60707,1729],{"class":67},[57,60709,49674],{"class":80},[57,60711,1081],{"class":67},[57,60713,60714],{"class":80}," 92",[57,60716,1742],{"class":67},[57,60718,60719],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,60720,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60722,60723,60726,60728,60730,60732,60735],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,60724,60725],{"class":285},"all_scores",[57,60727,498],{"class":67},[57,60729,51646],{"class":238},[57,60731,68],{"class":67},[57,60733,60734],{"class":238},"new_scores",[57,60736,242],{"class":67},[57,60738,60739],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,60740,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,60742,60743,60745,60747,60749],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,60744,64],{"class":63},[57,60746,68],{"class":67},[57,60748,60725],{"class":238},[57,60750,242],{"class":67},[57,60752,60753],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,60754,60755],{"class":1772},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,60757,60758,60759,60761,60762,498],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[19,60760,50822],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[373,60763,53690,60764,8880],{"href":52078},[19,60765,52438],{},[43,60767,1554],{"id":1553},[616,60769,10848,60771,53639],{"id":60770},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[19,60772,51517],{},[15,60774,60775,60776,498],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[19,60777,1890],{},[616,60779,3302,60781,2511,60783,572],{"id":60780},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[19,60782,51616],{},[19,60784,50822],{},[15,60786,60787,60789,60790,60792],{},[19,60788,51616],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[19,60791,50822],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[616,60794,26483,60796,60798],{"id":60795},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[19,60797,51616],{}," with a string?",[15,60800,60801],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[616,60803,26483,60805,60807],{"id":60804},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[19,60806,51616],{}," with a tuple?",[15,60809,60810],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[616,60812,60814,60815,572],{"id":60813},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[19,60816,51616],{},[15,60818,60819,60820,60822],{},"You get a ",[19,60821,1097],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[43,60824,1602],{"id":1601},[27,60826,60827,60833,60837,60841,60845,60851,60855],{},[30,60828,60829],{},[373,60830,53690,60831,8880],{"href":54939},[19,60832,50822],{},[30,60834,60835],{},[373,60836,52448],{"href":51218},[30,60838,60839],{},[373,60840,55399],{"href":55324},[30,60842,60843],{},[373,60844,50941],{"href":49148},[30,60846,60847],{},[373,60848,53690,60849,8880],{"href":52078},[19,60850,52438],{},[30,60852,60853],{},[373,60854,60463],{"href":50769},[30,60856,60857],{},[373,60858,53690,60859,8880],{"href":53130},[19,60860,10921],{},[15,60862,60863,60864,60866,60867,60869],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[19,60865,50822],{},", when to use ",[19,60868,52438],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1634,60871,60872],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":60874},[60875,60876,60878,60879,60880,60887,60894,60895,60903,60905,60917],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":59272,"depth":87,"text":60877},"What list.extend() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":59353,"depth":87,"text":59354},{"id":59490,"depth":87,"text":60881,"children":60882},"extend() vs append()",[60883,60885],{"id":59504,"depth":103,"text":60884},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":59567,"depth":103,"text":60886},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":59653,"depth":87,"text":60888,"children":60889},"Using extend() with different iterables",[60890,60891,60892,60893],{"id":59664,"depth":103,"text":59665},{"id":59728,"depth":103,"text":59729},{"id":59794,"depth":103,"text":59795},{"id":59868,"depth":103,"text":59869},{"id":59928,"depth":87,"text":59929},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":60896},[60897,60899,60901,60902],{"id":60140,"depth":103,"text":60898},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":60213,"depth":103,"text":60900},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":60285,"depth":103,"text":60286},{"id":60414,"depth":103,"text":60415},{"id":60657,"depth":87,"text":60904},"When to use extend()",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":60906},[60907,60909,60911,60913,60915],{"id":60770,"depth":103,"text":60908},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":60780,"depth":103,"text":60910},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":60795,"depth":103,"text":60912},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":60804,"depth":103,"text":60914},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":60813,"depth":103,"text":60916},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":59176,"description":60918},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":60925,"title":60926,"body":60927,"description":63018,"extension":1666,"meta":63019,"navigation":317,"path":63020,"seo":63021,"stem":63022,"__hash__":63023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":60928,"toc":62981},[60929,60932,60937,60943,60954,60960,60962,61031,61033,61082,61090,61094,61099,61102,61113,61118,61120,61122,61143,61156,61159,61172,61174,61179,61204,61206,61214,61217,61286,61288,61312,61318,61322,61326,61362,61364,61384,61391,61395,61428,61430,61464,61469,61473,61506,61508,61536,61544,61548,61585,61587,61608,61611,61615,61684,61686,61710,61716,61723,61727,61730,61732,61746,61749,61773,61775,61800,61803,61822,61824,61850,61859,61863,61870,61947,61949,61990,61996,62002,62093,62095,62151,62154,62159,62163,62168,62172,62231,62233,62258,62262,62325,62327,62352,62356,62419,62421,62464,62467,62471,62475,62497,62501,62583,62585,62620,62628,62630,62634,62638,62640,62667,62672,62674,62701,62708,62711,62734,62736,62785,62788,62791,62810,62814,62817,62868,62871,62877,62881,62886,62889,62891,62897,62906,62910,62916,62920,62923,62927,62930,62934,62940,62942,62978],[11,60930,60926],{"id":60931},"python-list-function-explained",[15,60933,7259,60934,60936],{},[19,60935,22934],{}," function creates a new list.",[15,60938,60939,60940,60942],{},"Beginners usually use ",[19,60941,22934],{}," for two main reasons:",[27,60944,60945,60948],{},[30,60946,60947],{},"to make an empty list",[30,60949,60950,60951,60953],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[19,60952,58170],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[15,60955,60956,60957,60959],{},"This page explains how ",[19,60958,22934],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[43,60961,46],{"id":45},[48,60963,60965],{"className":50,"code":60964,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[19,60966,60967,60989,61007,61011,61021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60968,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983,60985,60987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60970,1724],{"class":285},[57,60972,289],{"class":76},[57,60974,20712],{"class":990},[57,60976,3635],{"class":67},[57,60978,1078],{"class":80},[57,60980,1081],{"class":67},[57,60982,1084],{"class":80},[57,60984,1081],{"class":67},[57,60986,530],{"class":80},[57,60988,84],{"class":67},[57,60990,60991,60993,60995,60997,60999,61001,61003,61005],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,60992,34251],{"class":285},[57,60994,289],{"class":76},[57,60996,20712],{"class":990},[57,60998,68],{"class":67},[57,61000,939],{"class":938},[57,61002,39725],{"class":942},[57,61004,939],{"class":938},[57,61006,242],{"class":67},[57,61008,61009],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,61010,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,61012,61013,61015,61017,61019],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,61014,64],{"class":63},[57,61016,68],{"class":67},[57,61018,1756],{"class":238},[57,61020,242],{"class":67},[57,61022,61023,61025,61027,61029],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,61024,64],{"class":63},[57,61026,68],{"class":67},[57,61028,34304],{"class":238},[57,61030,242],{"class":67},[15,61032,131],{},[48,61034,61036],{"className":50,"code":61035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[19,61037,61038,61054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61039,61040,61042,61044,61046,61048,61050,61052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61041,2015],{"class":67},[57,61043,1078],{"class":80},[57,61045,1081],{"class":67},[57,61047,1084],{"class":80},[57,61049,1081],{"class":67},[57,61051,530],{"class":80},[57,61053,1742],{"class":67},[57,61055,61056,61058,61060,61062,61064,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074,61076,61078,61080],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61057,2015],{"class":67},[57,61059,1395],{"class":938},[57,61061,373],{"class":942},[57,61063,1395],{"class":938},[57,61065,1081],{"class":67},[57,61067,1390],{"class":938},[57,61069,2881],{"class":942},[57,61071,1395],{"class":938},[57,61073,1081],{"class":67},[57,61075,1390],{"class":938},[57,61077,7877],{"class":942},[57,61079,1395],{"class":938},[57,61081,1742],{"class":67},[15,61083,154,61084,61086,61087,61089],{},[19,61085,22934],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[19,61088,58170],{},", set, or dictionary.",[43,61091,61093],{"id":61092},"what-list-does","What list() does",[15,61095,61096,61098],{},[19,61097,22934],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[15,61100,61101],{},"It can:",[27,61103,61104,61107,61110],{},[30,61105,61106],{},"create a new list object",[30,61108,61109],{},"make an empty list",[30,61111,61112],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[15,61114,61115,61116,498],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[373,61117,50941],{"href":49148},[43,61119,221],{"id":220},[15,61121,24641],{},[48,61123,61125],{"className":50,"code":61124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[19,61126,61127,61133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61128,61129,61131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61130,6226],{"class":990},[57,61132,6778],{"class":67},[57,61134,61135,61137,61139,61141],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61136,6226],{"class":990},[57,61138,68],{"class":67},[57,61140,1831],{"class":238},[57,61142,242],{"class":67},[27,61144,61145,61150],{},[30,61146,61147,61149],{},[19,61148,22934],{}," makes an empty list",[30,61151,61152,61155],{},[19,61153,61154],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[15,61157,61158],{},"Common iterable values include:",[27,61160,61161,61163,61165,61167,61170],{},[30,61162,3432],{},[30,61164,3426],{},[30,61166,3429],{},[30,61168,61169],{},"ranges",[30,61171,5380],{},[43,61173,57792],{"id":57791},[15,61175,154,61176,61178],{},[19,61177,22934],{}," with no arguments:",[48,61180,61182],{"className":50,"code":61181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[19,61183,61184,61194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61185,61186,61188,61190,61192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61187,5910],{"class":285},[57,61189,289],{"class":76},[57,61191,20712],{"class":990},[57,61193,6778],{"class":67},[57,61195,61196,61198,61200,61202],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61197,64],{"class":63},[57,61199,68],{"class":67},[57,61201,5941],{"class":238},[57,61203,242],{"class":67},[15,61205,131],{},[48,61207,61208],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,61209,61210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61211,61212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61213,36460],{"class":67},[15,61215,61216],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[48,61218,61220],{"className":50,"code":61219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,61221,61222,61232,61236,61254,61272,61276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61223,61224,61226,61228,61230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61225,5910],{"class":285},[57,61227,289],{"class":76},[57,61229,20712],{"class":990},[57,61231,6778],{"class":67},[57,61233,61234],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61235,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,61237,61238,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,61239,5941],{"class":285},[57,61241,498],{"class":67},[57,61243,11699],{"class":238},[57,61245,68],{"class":67},[57,61247,939],{"class":938},[57,61249,2195],{"class":942},[57,61251,939],{"class":938},[57,61253,242],{"class":67},[57,61255,61256,61258,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,61257,5941],{"class":285},[57,61259,498],{"class":67},[57,61261,11699],{"class":238},[57,61263,68],{"class":67},[57,61265,939],{"class":938},[57,61267,2204],{"class":942},[57,61269,939],{"class":938},[57,61271,242],{"class":67},[57,61273,61274],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,61275,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,61277,61278,61280,61282,61284],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,61279,64],{"class":63},[57,61281,68],{"class":67},[57,61283,5941],{"class":238},[57,61285,242],{"class":67},[15,61287,131],{},[48,61289,61290],{"className":50,"code":36586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,61291,61292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61293,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61295,2015],{"class":67},[57,61297,1395],{"class":938},[57,61299,2195],{"class":942},[57,61301,1395],{"class":938},[57,61303,1081],{"class":67},[57,61305,1390],{"class":938},[57,61307,2204],{"class":942},[57,61309,1395],{"class":938},[57,61311,1742],{"class":67},[15,61313,61314,61315,61317],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[19,61316,1899],{},". Both are valid.",[43,61319,61321],{"id":61320},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[616,61323,61325],{"id":61324},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[48,61327,61328],{"className":50,"code":58090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,61329,61330,61352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61331,61332,61334,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61333,1724],{"class":285},[57,61335,289],{"class":76},[57,61337,20712],{"class":990},[57,61339,3635],{"class":67},[57,61341,1078],{"class":80},[57,61343,1081],{"class":67},[57,61345,1084],{"class":80},[57,61347,1081],{"class":67},[57,61349,530],{"class":80},[57,61351,84],{"class":67},[57,61353,61354,61356,61358,61360],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61355,64],{"class":63},[57,61357,68],{"class":67},[57,61359,1756],{"class":238},[57,61361,242],{"class":67},[15,61363,131],{},[48,61365,61366],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,61367,61368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61369,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61371,2015],{"class":67},[57,61373,1078],{"class":80},[57,61375,1081],{"class":67},[57,61377,1084],{"class":80},[57,61379,1081],{"class":67},[57,61381,530],{"class":80},[57,61383,1742],{"class":67},[15,61385,61386,61387,498],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[373,61388,61390],{"href":61389},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[616,61392,61394],{"id":61393},"string-to-list","String to list",[48,61396,61398],{"className":50,"code":61397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,61399,61400,61418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61401,61402,61404,61406,61408,61410,61412,61414,61416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61403,34251],{"class":285},[57,61405,289],{"class":76},[57,61407,20712],{"class":990},[57,61409,68],{"class":67},[57,61411,939],{"class":938},[57,61413,35209],{"class":942},[57,61415,939],{"class":938},[57,61417,242],{"class":67},[57,61419,61420,61422,61424,61426],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61421,64],{"class":63},[57,61423,68],{"class":67},[57,61425,34304],{"class":238},[57,61427,242],{"class":67},[15,61429,131],{},[48,61431,61433],{"className":50,"code":61432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[19,61434,61435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61436,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457,61460,61462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61438,2015],{"class":67},[57,61440,1395],{"class":938},[57,61442,7877],{"class":942},[57,61444,1395],{"class":938},[57,61446,1081],{"class":67},[57,61448,1390],{"class":938},[57,61450,373],{"class":942},[57,61452,1395],{"class":938},[57,61454,1081],{"class":67},[57,61456,1390],{"class":938},[57,61458,61459],{"class":942},"t",[57,61461,1395],{"class":938},[57,61463,1742],{"class":67},[15,61465,61466,61468],{},[19,61467,22934],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[616,61470,61472],{"id":61471},"range-to-list","Range to list",[48,61474,61476],{"className":50,"code":61475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,61477,61478,61496],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61479,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61481,1724],{"class":285},[57,61483,289],{"class":76},[57,61485,20712],{"class":990},[57,61487,68],{"class":67},[57,61489,58170],{"class":63},[57,61491,68],{"class":67},[57,61493,199],{"class":80},[57,61495,84],{"class":67},[57,61497,61498,61500,61502,61504],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61499,64],{"class":63},[57,61501,68],{"class":67},[57,61503,1756],{"class":238},[57,61505,242],{"class":67},[15,61507,131],{},[48,61509,61510],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,61511,61512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61513,61514,61516,61518,61520,61522,61524,61526,61528,61530,61532,61534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61515,2015],{"class":67},[57,61517,182],{"class":80},[57,61519,1081],{"class":67},[57,61521,3622],{"class":80},[57,61523,1081],{"class":67},[57,61525,1084],{"class":80},[57,61527,1081],{"class":67},[57,61529,530],{"class":80},[57,61531,1081],{"class":67},[57,61533,536],{"class":80},[57,61535,1742],{"class":67},[15,61537,61538,61539,61543],{},"This is common when working with ",[373,61540,61541],{"href":34356},[19,61542,34359],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[616,61545,61547],{"id":61546},"set-to-list","Set to list",[48,61549,61551],{"className":50,"code":61550,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[19,61552,61553,61575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61554,61555,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61556,1935],{"class":285},[57,61558,289],{"class":76},[57,61560,20712],{"class":990},[57,61562,3654],{"class":67},[57,61564,407],{"class":80},[57,61566,1081],{"class":67},[57,61568,5921],{"class":80},[57,61570,1081],{"class":67},[57,61572,5926],{"class":80},[57,61574,28652],{"class":67},[57,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61578,64],{"class":63},[57,61580,68],{"class":67},[57,61582,3482],{"class":238},[57,61584,242],{"class":67},[15,61586,15107],{},[48,61588,61590],{"className":50,"code":61589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[19,61591,61592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61593,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61595,2015],{"class":67},[57,61597,407],{"class":80},[57,61599,1081],{"class":67},[57,61601,5921],{"class":80},[57,61603,1081],{"class":67},[57,61605,5926],{"class":80},[57,61607,1742],{"class":67},[15,61609,61610],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[616,61612,61614],{"id":61613},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[48,61616,61618],{"className":50,"code":61617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,61619,61620,61656,61670,61674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61621,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61623,11350],{"class":285},[57,61625,289],{"class":76},[57,61627,8629],{"class":67},[57,61629,939],{"class":938},[57,61631,5798],{"class":942},[57,61633,939],{"class":938},[57,61635,972],{"class":67},[57,61637,1449],{"class":938},[57,61639,11025],{"class":942},[57,61641,939],{"class":938},[57,61643,1081],{"class":67},[57,61645,1449],{"class":938},[57,61647,7436],{"class":942},[57,61649,939],{"class":938},[57,61651,972],{"class":67},[57,61653,7443],{"class":80},[57,61655,7446],{"class":67},[57,61657,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61659,300],{"class":285},[57,61661,289],{"class":76},[57,61663,20712],{"class":990},[57,61665,68],{"class":67},[57,61667,15456],{"class":238},[57,61669,242],{"class":67},[57,61671,61672],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,61673,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,61675,61676,61678,61680,61682],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,61677,64],{"class":63},[57,61679,68],{"class":67},[57,61681,339],{"class":238},[57,61683,242],{"class":67},[15,61685,131],{},[48,61687,61688],{"className":50,"code":23634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,61689,61690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61691,61692,61694,61696,61698,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61693,2015],{"class":67},[57,61695,1395],{"class":938},[57,61697,5798],{"class":942},[57,61699,1395],{"class":938},[57,61701,1081],{"class":67},[57,61703,1390],{"class":938},[57,61705,7436],{"class":942},[57,61707,1395],{"class":938},[57,61709,1742],{"class":67},[15,61711,61712,61713,61715],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[19,61714,22934],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[15,61717,61718,61719,498],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[373,61720,61722],{"href":61721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[43,61724,61726],{"id":61725},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[15,61728,61729],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[15,61731,59327],{},[27,61733,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744],{},[30,61735,3423],{},[30,61737,3426],{},[30,61739,3432],{},[30,61741,3429],{},[30,61743,61169],{},[30,61745,5380],{},[15,61747,61748],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[48,61750,61752],{"className":50,"code":61751,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[19,61753,61754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61755,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766,61769,61771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61757,64],{"class":63},[57,61759,68],{"class":67},[57,61761,6226],{"class":990},[57,61763,68],{"class":67},[57,61765,939],{"class":938},[57,61767,61768],{"class":942},"hi",[57,61770,939],{"class":938},[57,61772,84],{"class":67},[15,61774,131],{},[48,61776,61778],{"className":50,"code":61777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'i']\n",[19,61779,61780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61781,61782,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61783,2015],{"class":67},[57,61785,1395],{"class":938},[57,61787,58610],{"class":942},[57,61789,1395],{"class":938},[57,61791,1081],{"class":67},[57,61793,1390],{"class":938},[57,61795,34315],{"class":942},[57,61797,1395],{"class":938},[57,61799,1742],{"class":67},[15,61801,61802],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[48,61804,61806],{"className":50,"code":61805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(5))\n",[19,61807,61808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61809,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61811,64],{"class":63},[57,61813,68],{"class":67},[57,61815,6226],{"class":990},[57,61817,68],{"class":67},[57,61819,199],{"class":80},[57,61821,84],{"class":67},[15,61823,131],{},[48,61825,61827],{"className":50,"code":61826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[19,61828,61829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61830,61831,61833,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61832,1097],{"class":990},[57,61834,972],{"class":67},[57,61836,1390],{"class":938},[57,61838,255],{"class":942},[57,61840,1395],{"class":938},[57,61842,22770],{"class":990},[57,61844,6229],{"class":76},[57,61846,6232],{"class":76},[57,61848,61849],{"class":285}," iterable\n",[15,61851,61852,61853,61855,61856,498],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[373,61854,3258],{"href":3711},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[373,61857,61858],{"href":50769},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[43,61860,61862],{"id":61861},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[15,61864,61865,61866,61869],{},"If you already have a list, ",[19,61867,61868],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[48,61871,61873],{"className":50,"code":61872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[19,61874,61875,61895,61909,61913,61923,61933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61876,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61878,10229],{"class":285},[57,61880,289],{"class":76},[57,61882,1729],{"class":67},[57,61884,1078],{"class":80},[57,61886,1081],{"class":67},[57,61888,1084],{"class":80},[57,61890,1081],{"class":67},[57,61892,530],{"class":80},[57,61894,1742],{"class":67},[57,61896,61897,61899,61901,61903,61905,61907],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61898,12458],{"class":285},[57,61900,289],{"class":76},[57,61902,20712],{"class":990},[57,61904,68],{"class":67},[57,61906,10276],{"class":238},[57,61908,242],{"class":67},[57,61910,61911],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,61912,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,61914,61915,61917,61919,61921],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,61916,64],{"class":63},[57,61918,68],{"class":67},[57,61920,10276],{"class":238},[57,61922,242],{"class":67},[57,61924,61925,61927,61929,61931],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,61926,64],{"class":63},[57,61928,68],{"class":67},[57,61930,12477],{"class":238},[57,61932,242],{"class":67},[57,61934,61935,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,61936,64],{"class":63},[57,61938,68],{"class":67},[57,61940,10229],{"class":238},[57,61942,10337],{"class":1990},[57,61944,12531],{"class":238},[57,61946,242],{"class":67},[15,61948,131],{},[48,61950,61952],{"className":50,"code":61951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[19,61953,61954,61970,61986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962,61964,61966,61968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61957,2015],{"class":67},[57,61959,1078],{"class":80},[57,61961,1081],{"class":67},[57,61963,1084],{"class":80},[57,61965,1081],{"class":67},[57,61967,530],{"class":80},[57,61969,1742],{"class":67},[57,61971,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980,61982,61984],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,61973,2015],{"class":67},[57,61975,1078],{"class":80},[57,61977,1081],{"class":67},[57,61979,1084],{"class":80},[57,61981,1081],{"class":67},[57,61983,530],{"class":80},[57,61985,1742],{"class":67},[57,61987,61988],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,61989,2156],{"class":1965},[15,61991,61992,61993,61995],{},"This means ",[19,61994,12477],{}," is a different list object.",[15,61997,61998,61999,62001],{},"However, this is only a ",[1854,62000,10995],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[48,62003,62005],{"className":50,"code":62004,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[19,62006,62007,62033,62047,62051,62069,62073,62083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62008,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62010,10229],{"class":285},[57,62012,289],{"class":76},[57,62014,54464],{"class":67},[57,62016,1078],{"class":80},[57,62018,1081],{"class":67},[57,62020,1084],{"class":80},[57,62022,16212],{"class":67},[57,62024,1729],{"class":67},[57,62026,122],{"class":80},[57,62028,1081],{"class":67},[57,62030,536],{"class":80},[57,62032,51412],{"class":67},[57,62034,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043,62045],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62036,12458],{"class":285},[57,62038,289],{"class":76},[57,62040,20712],{"class":990},[57,62042,68],{"class":67},[57,62044,10276],{"class":238},[57,62046,242],{"class":67},[57,62048,62049],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,62050,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,62052,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62065,62067],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,62054,12477],{"class":285},[57,62056,2015],{"class":67},[57,62058,182],{"class":80},[57,62060,11696],{"class":67},[57,62062,11699],{"class":238},[57,62064,68],{"class":67},[57,62066,54517],{"class":80},[57,62068,242],{"class":67},[57,62070,62071],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,62072,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,62074,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,62076,64],{"class":63},[57,62078,68],{"class":67},[57,62080,10276],{"class":238},[57,62082,242],{"class":67},[57,62084,62085,62087,62089,62091],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,62086,64],{"class":63},[57,62088,68],{"class":67},[57,62090,12477],{"class":238},[57,62092,242],{"class":67},[15,62094,131],{},[48,62096,62097],{"className":50,"code":54548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,62098,62099,62125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62100,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115,62117,62119,62121,62123],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62102,54555],{"class":67},[57,62104,1078],{"class":80},[57,62106,1081],{"class":67},[57,62108,1084],{"class":80},[57,62110,1081],{"class":67},[57,62112,8335],{"class":80},[57,62114,16212],{"class":67},[57,62116,1729],{"class":67},[57,62118,122],{"class":80},[57,62120,1081],{"class":67},[57,62122,536],{"class":80},[57,62124,51412],{"class":67},[57,62126,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62128,54555],{"class":67},[57,62130,1078],{"class":80},[57,62132,1081],{"class":67},[57,62134,1084],{"class":80},[57,62136,1081],{"class":67},[57,62138,8335],{"class":80},[57,62140,16212],{"class":67},[57,62142,1729],{"class":67},[57,62144,122],{"class":80},[57,62146,1081],{"class":67},[57,62148,536],{"class":80},[57,62150,51412],{"class":67},[15,62152,62153],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[15,62155,62156,62157,498],{},"For more on this, see ",[373,62158,11937],{"href":11936},[43,62160,62162],{"id":62161},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[15,62164,62165,62166,498],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[19,62167,22934],{},[616,62169,62171],{"id":62170},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[48,62173,62175],{"className":50,"code":62174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[19,62176,62177,62217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62178,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207,62209,62211,62213,62215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62180,11008],{"class":285},[57,62182,289],{"class":76},[57,62184,8629],{"class":67},[57,62186,939],{"class":938},[57,62188,5798],{"class":942},[57,62190,939],{"class":938},[57,62192,972],{"class":67},[57,62194,1449],{"class":938},[57,62196,6053],{"class":942},[57,62198,939],{"class":938},[57,62200,1081],{"class":67},[57,62202,1449],{"class":938},[57,62204,18042],{"class":942},[57,62206,939],{"class":938},[57,62208,972],{"class":67},[57,62210,1449],{"class":938},[57,62212,20397],{"class":942},[57,62214,939],{"class":938},[57,62216,7446],{"class":67},[57,62218,62219,62221,62223,62225,62227,62229],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62220,64],{"class":63},[57,62222,68],{"class":67},[57,62224,6226],{"class":990},[57,62226,68],{"class":67},[57,62228,11772],{"class":238},[57,62230,84],{"class":67},[15,62232,131],{},[48,62234,62236],{"className":50,"code":62235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'grade']\n",[19,62237,62238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62239,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254,62256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62241,2015],{"class":67},[57,62243,1395],{"class":938},[57,62245,5798],{"class":942},[57,62247,1395],{"class":938},[57,62249,1081],{"class":67},[57,62251,1390],{"class":938},[57,62253,18042],{"class":942},[57,62255,1395],{"class":938},[57,62257,1742],{"class":67},[616,62259,62261],{"id":62260},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[48,62263,62265],{"className":50,"code":62264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[19,62266,62267,62307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62268,62269,62271,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299,62301,62303,62305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62270,11008],{"class":285},[57,62272,289],{"class":76},[57,62274,8629],{"class":67},[57,62276,939],{"class":938},[57,62278,5798],{"class":942},[57,62280,939],{"class":938},[57,62282,972],{"class":67},[57,62284,1449],{"class":938},[57,62286,6053],{"class":942},[57,62288,939],{"class":938},[57,62290,1081],{"class":67},[57,62292,1449],{"class":938},[57,62294,18042],{"class":942},[57,62296,939],{"class":938},[57,62298,972],{"class":67},[57,62300,1449],{"class":938},[57,62302,20397],{"class":942},[57,62304,939],{"class":938},[57,62306,7446],{"class":67},[57,62308,62309,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321,62323],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62310,64],{"class":63},[57,62312,68],{"class":67},[57,62314,6226],{"class":990},[57,62316,68],{"class":67},[57,62318,11772],{"class":238},[57,62320,498],{"class":67},[57,62322,3482],{"class":238},[57,62324,4416],{"class":67},[15,62326,131],{},[48,62328,62330],{"className":50,"code":62329,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[19,62331,62332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62333,62334,62336,62338,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62335,2015],{"class":67},[57,62337,1395],{"class":938},[57,62339,6053],{"class":942},[57,62341,1395],{"class":938},[57,62343,1081],{"class":67},[57,62345,1390],{"class":938},[57,62347,20397],{"class":942},[57,62349,1395],{"class":938},[57,62351,1742],{"class":67},[616,62353,62355],{"id":62354},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[48,62357,62359],{"className":50,"code":62358,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[19,62360,62361,62401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62362,62363,62365,62367,62369,62371,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393,62395,62397,62399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62364,11008],{"class":285},[57,62366,289],{"class":76},[57,62368,8629],{"class":67},[57,62370,939],{"class":938},[57,62372,5798],{"class":942},[57,62374,939],{"class":938},[57,62376,972],{"class":67},[57,62378,1449],{"class":938},[57,62380,6053],{"class":942},[57,62382,939],{"class":938},[57,62384,1081],{"class":67},[57,62386,1449],{"class":938},[57,62388,18042],{"class":942},[57,62390,939],{"class":938},[57,62392,972],{"class":67},[57,62394,1449],{"class":938},[57,62396,20397],{"class":942},[57,62398,939],{"class":938},[57,62400,7446],{"class":67},[57,62402,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62404,64],{"class":63},[57,62406,68],{"class":67},[57,62408,6226],{"class":990},[57,62410,68],{"class":67},[57,62412,11772],{"class":238},[57,62414,498],{"class":67},[57,62416,5941],{"class":238},[57,62418,4416],{"class":67},[15,62420,131],{},[48,62422,62424],{"className":50,"code":62423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[19,62425,62426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62427,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62429,19892],{"class":67},[57,62431,1395],{"class":938},[57,62433,5798],{"class":942},[57,62435,1395],{"class":938},[57,62437,1081],{"class":67},[57,62439,1390],{"class":938},[57,62441,6053],{"class":942},[57,62443,1395],{"class":938},[57,62445,7370],{"class":67},[57,62447,7373],{"class":67},[57,62449,1395],{"class":938},[57,62451,18042],{"class":942},[57,62453,1395],{"class":938},[57,62455,1081],{"class":67},[57,62457,1390],{"class":938},[57,62459,20397],{"class":942},[57,62461,1395],{"class":938},[57,62463,7386],{"class":67},[15,62465,62466],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[43,62468,62470],{"id":62469},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[15,62472,154,62473,8740],{},[19,62474,22934],{},[27,62476,62477,62485,62494],{},[30,62478,62479,62480,965,62482],{},"you need list methods like ",[19,62481,50822],{},[19,62483,62484],{},"sort()",[30,62486,62487,62488,965,62490,62493],{},"you want to convert ",[19,62489,34359],{},[19,62491,62492],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[30,62495,62496],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[15,62498,44207,62499,972],{},[19,62500,62492],{},[48,62502,62504],{"className":50,"code":62503,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[19,62505,62506,62530,62546,62550,62573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62507,62508,62510,62512,62514,62516,62518,62520,62522,62524,62526,62528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62509,3116],{"class":285},[57,62511,289],{"class":76},[57,62513,1729],{"class":67},[57,62515,939],{"class":938},[57,62517,11025],{"class":942},[57,62519,939],{"class":938},[57,62521,1081],{"class":67},[57,62523,1449],{"class":938},[57,62525,34101],{"class":942},[57,62527,939],{"class":938},[57,62529,1742],{"class":67},[57,62531,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542,62544],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62533,3185],{"class":285},[57,62535,289],{"class":76},[57,62537,1729],{"class":67},[57,62539,11648],{"class":80},[57,62541,1081],{"class":67},[57,62543,11653],{"class":80},[57,62545,1742],{"class":67},[57,62547,62548],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,62549,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,62551,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,62553,7352],{"class":285},[57,62555,289],{"class":76},[57,62557,20712],{"class":990},[57,62559,68],{"class":67},[57,62561,62562],{"class":63},"zip",[57,62564,68],{"class":67},[57,62566,3160],{"class":238},[57,62568,1081],{"class":67},[57,62570,3232],{"class":238},[57,62572,84],{"class":67},[57,62574,62575,62577,62579,62581],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,62576,64],{"class":63},[57,62578,68],{"class":67},[57,62580,7399],{"class":238},[57,62582,242],{"class":67},[15,62584,131],{},[48,62586,62588],{"className":50,"code":62587,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[19,62589,62590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62591,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62593,19892],{"class":67},[57,62595,1395],{"class":938},[57,62597,11025],{"class":942},[57,62599,1395],{"class":938},[57,62601,1081],{"class":67},[57,62603,18049],{"class":80},[57,62605,7370],{"class":67},[57,62607,7373],{"class":67},[57,62609,1395],{"class":938},[57,62611,34101],{"class":942},[57,62613,1395],{"class":938},[57,62615,1081],{"class":67},[57,62617,11653],{"class":80},[57,62619,7386],{"class":67},[15,62621,62622,62623,62625,62626,498],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[19,62624,50822],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[373,62627,51219],{"href":51218},[43,62629,2637],{"id":2636},[15,62631,54946,62632,498],{},[19,62633,22934],{},[616,62635,62637],{"id":62636},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[15,62639,2644],{},[48,62641,62643],{"className":50,"code":62642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[19,62644,62645,62649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62646,62647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62648,2654],{"class":1772},[57,62650,62651,62653,62655,62657,62659,62661,62663,62665],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62652,6226],{"class":990},[57,62654,68],{"class":67},[57,62656,1078],{"class":80},[57,62658,1081],{"class":67},[57,62660,1084],{"class":80},[57,62662,1081],{"class":67},[57,62664,530],{"class":80},[57,62666,242],{"class":67},[15,62668,62669,62671],{},[19,62670,22934],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[15,62673,16845],{},[48,62675,62677],{"className":50,"code":62676,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[19,62678,62679],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62680,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62682,64],{"class":63},[57,62684,68],{"class":67},[57,62686,6226],{"class":990},[57,62688,3635],{"class":67},[57,62690,1078],{"class":80},[57,62692,1081],{"class":67},[57,62694,1084],{"class":80},[57,62696,1081],{"class":67},[57,62698,530],{"class":80},[57,62700,1001],{"class":67},[616,62702,62704,62705],{"id":62703},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[57,62706,62707],{},"\"hello\"",[15,62709,62710],{},"This is a common surprise:",[48,62712,62714],{"className":50,"code":62713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[19,62715,62716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62717,62718,62720,62722,62724,62726,62728,62730,62732],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62719,64],{"class":63},[57,62721,68],{"class":67},[57,62723,6226],{"class":990},[57,62725,68],{"class":67},[57,62727,939],{"class":938},[57,62729,1958],{"class":942},[57,62731,939],{"class":938},[57,62733,84],{"class":67},[15,62735,131],{},[48,62737,62739],{"className":50,"code":62738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[19,62740,62741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62742,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62744,2015],{"class":67},[57,62746,1395],{"class":938},[57,62748,58610],{"class":942},[57,62750,1395],{"class":938},[57,62752,1081],{"class":67},[57,62754,1390],{"class":938},[57,62756,58619],{"class":942},[57,62758,1395],{"class":938},[57,62760,1081],{"class":67},[57,62762,1390],{"class":938},[57,62764,58628],{"class":942},[57,62766,1395],{"class":938},[57,62768,1081],{"class":67},[57,62770,1390],{"class":938},[57,62772,58628],{"class":942},[57,62774,1395],{"class":938},[57,62776,1081],{"class":67},[57,62778,1390],{"class":938},[57,62780,58645],{"class":942},[57,62782,1395],{"class":938},[57,62784,1742],{"class":67},[15,62786,62787],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[15,62789,62790],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[48,62792,62794],{"className":50,"code":62793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[19,62795,62796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62797,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806,62808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62799,64],{"class":63},[57,62801,1075],{"class":67},[57,62803,939],{"class":938},[57,62805,1958],{"class":942},[57,62807,939],{"class":938},[57,62809,2003],{"class":67},[616,62811,62813],{"id":62812},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[15,62815,62816],{},"This:",[48,62818,62820],{"className":50,"code":62819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[19,62821,62822,62854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62823,62824,62826,62828,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850,62852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62825,7302],{"class":285},[57,62827,289],{"class":76},[57,62829,8629],{"class":67},[57,62831,939],{"class":938},[57,62833,373],{"class":942},[57,62835,939],{"class":938},[57,62837,972],{"class":67},[57,62839,3622],{"class":80},[57,62841,1081],{"class":67},[57,62843,1449],{"class":938},[57,62845,2881],{"class":942},[57,62847,939],{"class":938},[57,62849,972],{"class":67},[57,62851,1084],{"class":80},[57,62853,7446],{"class":67},[57,62855,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864,62866],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,62857,64],{"class":63},[57,62859,68],{"class":67},[57,62861,6226],{"class":990},[57,62863,68],{"class":67},[57,62865,7341],{"class":238},[57,62867,84],{"class":67},[15,62869,62870],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[15,62872,154,62873,62876],{},[19,62874,62875],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[616,62878,62880],{"id":62879},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[15,62882,62883,62885],{},[19,62884,22934],{}," copies the outer list only.",[15,62887,62888],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[43,62890,1554],{"id":1553},[616,62892,3302,62894,62896],{"id":62893},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[57,62895],{}," and list()?",[15,62898,62899,62900,62902,62903,62905],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[19,62901,1899],{}," is shorter. ",[19,62904,22934],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[616,62907,62909],{"id":62908},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[15,62911,62912,62913,62915],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[19,62914,22934],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[616,62917,62919],{"id":62918},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[15,62921,62922],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[616,62924,62926],{"id":62925},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[15,62928,62929],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[616,62931,62933],{"id":62932},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[15,62935,62936,62937,62939],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[19,62938,22934],{}," cannot loop through it.",[43,62941,1602],{"id":1601},[27,62943,62944,62948,62953,62957,62961,62965,62969,62974],{},[30,62945,62946],{},[373,62947,50941],{"href":49148},[30,62949,62950],{},[373,62951,62952],{"href":34356},"Python range() function explained",[30,62954,62955],{},[373,62956,61390],{"href":61389},[30,62958,62959],{},[373,62960,61722],{"href":61721},[30,62962,62963],{},[373,62964,3339],{"href":3711},[30,62966,62967],{},[373,62968,11937],{"href":11936},[30,62970,62971],{},[373,62972,62973],{"href":50769},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,62975,62976],{},[373,62977,52448],{"href":51218},[1634,62979,62980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":62982},[62983,62984,62985,62986,62987,62994,62995,62996,63001,63002,63009,63017],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":61092,"depth":87,"text":61093},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":57791,"depth":87,"text":57792},{"id":61320,"depth":87,"text":61321,"children":62988},[62989,62990,62991,62992,62993],{"id":61324,"depth":103,"text":61325},{"id":61393,"depth":103,"text":61394},{"id":61471,"depth":103,"text":61472},{"id":61546,"depth":103,"text":61547},{"id":61613,"depth":103,"text":61614},{"id":61725,"depth":87,"text":61726},{"id":61861,"depth":87,"text":61862},{"id":62161,"depth":87,"text":62162,"children":62997},[62998,62999,63000],{"id":62170,"depth":103,"text":62171},{"id":62260,"depth":103,"text":62261},{"id":62354,"depth":103,"text":62355},{"id":62469,"depth":87,"text":62470},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":63003},[63004,63005,63007,63008],{"id":62636,"depth":103,"text":62637},{"id":62703,"depth":103,"text":63006},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":62812,"depth":103,"text":62813},{"id":62879,"depth":103,"text":62880},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":63010},[63011,63013,63014,63015,63016],{"id":62893,"depth":103,"text":63012},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":62908,"depth":103,"text":62909},{"id":62918,"depth":103,"text":62919},{"id":62925,"depth":103,"text":62926},{"id":62932,"depth":103,"text":62933},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":60926,"description":63018},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":63025,"title":63026,"body":63027,"description":64378,"extension":1666,"meta":64379,"navigation":317,"path":64380,"seo":64381,"stem":64382,"__hash__":64383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":8,"value":63028,"toc":64352},[63029,63034,63040,63049,63051,63124,63133,63138,63142,63158,63162,63164,63166,63185,63188,63216,63219,63244,63252,63254,63259,63266,63268,63325,63327,63335,63341,63345,63348,63421,63423,63431,63434,63457,63464,63470,63474,63480,63551,63553,63561,63570,63577,63584,63592,63736,63738,63755,63758,63797,63800,63804,63809,63811,63870,63876,63879,63986,63988,64003,64006,64013,64015,64019,64167,64170,64231,64234,64237,64258,64263,64267,64278,64281,64283,64288,64291,64299,64304,64310,64313,64319,64327,64329,64349],[11,63030,52512,63032,9463],{"id":63031},"python-list-index-method",[19,63033,57139],{},[15,63035,63036,63039],{},[19,63037,63038],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[15,63041,63042,63043,63046,63047,498],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[1854,63044,63045],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[19,63048,38868],{},[43,63050,1714],{"id":1713},[48,63052,63054],{"className":50,"code":63053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[19,63055,63056,63088,63111],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63057,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082,63084,63086],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63059,5910],{"class":285},[57,63061,289],{"class":76},[57,63063,1729],{"class":67},[57,63065,939],{"class":938},[57,63067,2195],{"class":942},[57,63069,939],{"class":938},[57,63071,1081],{"class":67},[57,63073,1449],{"class":938},[57,63075,2204],{"class":942},[57,63077,939],{"class":938},[57,63079,1081],{"class":67},[57,63081,1449],{"class":938},[57,63083,2213],{"class":942},[57,63085,939],{"class":938},[57,63087,1742],{"class":67},[57,63089,63090,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63091,63092],{"class":285},"position ",[57,63094,289],{"class":76},[57,63096,4091],{"class":285},[57,63098,498],{"class":67},[57,63100,34006],{"class":238},[57,63102,68],{"class":67},[57,63104,939],{"class":938},[57,63106,2204],{"class":942},[57,63108,939],{"class":938},[57,63110,242],{"class":67},[57,63112,63113,63115,63117,63120,63122],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,63114,64],{"class":63},[57,63116,68],{"class":67},[57,63118,63119],{"class":238},"position",[57,63121,1769],{"class":67},[57,63123,25934],{"class":1772},[15,63125,154,63126,63129,63130,63132],{},[19,63127,63128],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[19,63131,38868],{}," if the item is not found.",[43,63134,1787,63136,1790],{"id":63135},"what-listindex-does",[19,63137,63038],{},[15,63139,63140,972],{},[19,63141,63038],{},[27,63143,63144,63147,63150,63155],{},[30,63145,63146],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[30,63148,63149],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[30,63151,63152,63153],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[19,63154,182],{},[30,63156,63157],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[15,63159,52737,63160,498],{},[373,63161,50941],{"href":52740},[43,63163,221],{"id":220},[15,63165,28881],{},[48,63167,63169],{"className":50,"code":63168,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value)\n",[19,63170,63171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63172,63173,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63174,6472],{"class":285},[57,63176,498],{"class":67},[57,63178,34006],{"class":238},[57,63180,68],{"class":67},[57,63182,552],{"class":238},[57,63184,242],{"class":67},[15,63186,63187],{},"You can also limit the search:",[48,63189,63191],{"className":50,"code":63190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[19,63192,63193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63194,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63214],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63196,6472],{"class":285},[57,63198,498],{"class":67},[57,63200,34006],{"class":238},[57,63202,68],{"class":67},[57,63204,552],{"class":238},[57,63206,1081],{"class":67},[57,63208,34212],{"class":238},[57,63210,1081],{"class":67},[57,63212,63213],{"class":238}," end",[57,63215,242],{"class":67},[15,63217,63218],{},"Here is what each part means:",[27,63220,63221,63226,63231,63236],{},[30,63222,63223,63225],{},[19,63224,552],{},": the item to search for",[30,63227,63228,63230],{},[19,63229,34233],{},": where the search begins",[30,63232,63233,63235],{},[19,63234,50830],{},": where the search stops",[30,63237,63238,2904,63240,63243],{},[19,63239,50830],{},[1854,63241,63242],{},"not included"," in the search range",[15,63245,63246,63247,63249,63250,498],{},"This means Python searches from ",[19,63248,34233],{}," up to, but not including, ",[19,63251,50830],{},[43,63253,36183],{"id":36182},[15,63255,63256,63258],{},[19,63257,63038],{}," returns an integer.",[15,63260,63261,63262,63265],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[1854,63263,63264],{},"first match"," in the list.",[15,63267,275],{},[48,63269,63271],{"className":50,"code":63270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,63272,63273,63293,63311,63315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63274,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63276,1724],{"class":285},[57,63278,289],{"class":76},[57,63280,1729],{"class":67},[57,63282,407],{"class":80},[57,63284,1081],{"class":67},[57,63286,5921],{"class":80},[57,63288,1081],{"class":67},[57,63290,5926],{"class":80},[57,63292,1742],{"class":67},[57,63294,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63296,300],{"class":285},[57,63298,289],{"class":76},[57,63300,2380],{"class":285},[57,63302,498],{"class":67},[57,63304,34006],{"class":238},[57,63306,68],{"class":67},[57,63308,13902],{"class":80},[57,63310,242],{"class":67},[57,63312,63313],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,63314,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,63316,63317,63319,63321,63323],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,63318,64],{"class":63},[57,63320,68],{"class":67},[57,63322,339],{"class":238},[57,63324,242],{"class":67},[15,63326,131],{},[48,63328,63329],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,63330,63331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63332,63333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63334,45084],{"class":80},[15,63336,63337,63338,63340],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[19,63339,57139],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[43,63342,63344],{"id":63343},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[15,63346,63347],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[48,63349,63351],{"className":50,"code":63350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[19,63352,63353,63385,63407,63411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63354,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63356,34400],{"class":285},[57,63358,289],{"class":76},[57,63360,1729],{"class":67},[57,63362,939],{"class":938},[57,63364,2195],{"class":942},[57,63366,939],{"class":938},[57,63368,1081],{"class":67},[57,63370,1449],{"class":938},[57,63372,2204],{"class":942},[57,63374,939],{"class":938},[57,63376,1081],{"class":67},[57,63378,1449],{"class":938},[57,63380,2213],{"class":942},[57,63382,939],{"class":938},[57,63384,1742],{"class":67},[57,63386,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63388,63092],{"class":285},[57,63390,289],{"class":76},[57,63392,51021],{"class":285},[57,63394,498],{"class":67},[57,63396,34006],{"class":238},[57,63398,68],{"class":67},[57,63400,939],{"class":938},[57,63402,2213],{"class":942},[57,63404,939],{"class":938},[57,63406,242],{"class":67},[57,63408,63409],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,63410,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,63412,63413,63415,63417,63419],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,63414,64],{"class":63},[57,63416,68],{"class":67},[57,63418,63119],{"class":238},[57,63420,242],{"class":67},[15,63422,131],{},[48,63424,63425],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,63426,63427],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63428,63429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63430,15205],{"class":80},[15,63432,63433],{},"In this list:",[27,63435,63436,63443,63450],{},[30,63437,63438,63440,63441],{},[19,63439,56004],{}," is at index ",[19,63442,182],{},[30,63444,63445,63440,63448],{},[19,63446,63447],{},"\"banana\"",[19,63449,1078],{},[30,63451,63452,63440,63455],{},[19,63453,63454],{},"\"cherry\"",[19,63456,116],{},[15,63458,51823,63459,474,63462,498],{},[19,63460,63461],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[19,63463,116],{},[15,63465,49712,63466,498],{},[373,63467,63469],{"href":63468},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[43,63471,63473],{"id":63472},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[15,63475,63476,63477,63479],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[19,63478,57139],{}," returns the first match only.",[48,63481,63483],{"className":50,"code":63482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[19,63484,63485,63525,63529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63486,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63488,11221],{"class":285},[57,63490,289],{"class":76},[57,63492,1729],{"class":67},[57,63494,939],{"class":938},[57,63496,11238],{"class":942},[57,63498,939],{"class":938},[57,63500,1081],{"class":67},[57,63502,1449],{"class":938},[57,63504,11255],{"class":942},[57,63506,939],{"class":938},[57,63508,1081],{"class":67},[57,63510,1449],{"class":938},[57,63512,11238],{"class":942},[57,63514,939],{"class":938},[57,63516,1081],{"class":67},[57,63518,1449],{"class":938},[57,63520,15605],{"class":942},[57,63522,939],{"class":938},[57,63524,1742],{"class":67},[57,63526,63527],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63528,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,63530,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,63532,64],{"class":63},[57,63534,68],{"class":67},[57,63536,15652],{"class":238},[57,63538,498],{"class":67},[57,63540,34006],{"class":238},[57,63542,68],{"class":67},[57,63544,939],{"class":938},[57,63546,11238],{"class":942},[57,63548,939],{"class":938},[57,63550,84],{"class":67},[15,63552,131],{},[48,63554,63555],{"className":50,"code":45419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,63556,63557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63558,63559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63560,45419],{"class":80},[15,63562,19129,63563,63566,63567,63569],{},[19,63564,63565],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[19,63568,182],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[15,63571,63572,63573,498],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[373,63574,53690,63575,8880],{"href":57198},[19,63576,55461],{},[43,63578,6551,63580,2511,63582],{"id":63579},"using-start-and-end",[19,63581,34233],{},[19,63583,50830],{},[15,63585,63586,63587,2511,63589,63591],{},"The optional ",[19,63588,34233],{},[19,63590,50830],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[48,63593,63595],{"className":50,"code":63594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[19,63596,63597,63645,63649,63674,63703],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63598,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63600,34251],{"class":285},[57,63602,289],{"class":76},[57,63604,1729],{"class":67},[57,63606,939],{"class":938},[57,63608,373],{"class":942},[57,63610,939],{"class":938},[57,63612,1081],{"class":67},[57,63614,1449],{"class":938},[57,63616,2881],{"class":942},[57,63618,939],{"class":938},[57,63620,1081],{"class":67},[57,63622,1449],{"class":938},[57,63624,7877],{"class":942},[57,63626,939],{"class":938},[57,63628,1081],{"class":67},[57,63630,1449],{"class":938},[57,63632,2881],{"class":942},[57,63634,939],{"class":938},[57,63636,1081],{"class":67},[57,63638,1449],{"class":938},[57,63640,16918],{"class":942},[57,63642,939],{"class":938},[57,63644,1742],{"class":67},[57,63646,63647],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63648,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,63650,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,63652,64],{"class":63},[57,63654,68],{"class":67},[57,63656,34304],{"class":238},[57,63658,498],{"class":67},[57,63660,34006],{"class":238},[57,63662,68],{"class":67},[57,63664,939],{"class":938},[57,63666,2881],{"class":942},[57,63668,939],{"class":938},[57,63670,3485],{"class":67},[57,63672,63673],{"class":1772},"        # first match\n",[57,63675,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,63677,64],{"class":63},[57,63679,68],{"class":67},[57,63681,34304],{"class":238},[57,63683,498],{"class":67},[57,63685,34006],{"class":238},[57,63687,68],{"class":67},[57,63689,939],{"class":938},[57,63691,2881],{"class":942},[57,63693,939],{"class":938},[57,63695,1081],{"class":67},[57,63697,1084],{"class":80},[57,63699,3485],{"class":67},[57,63701,63702],{"class":1772},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[57,63704,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,63706,64],{"class":63},[57,63708,68],{"class":67},[57,63710,34304],{"class":238},[57,63712,498],{"class":67},[57,63714,34006],{"class":238},[57,63716,68],{"class":67},[57,63718,939],{"class":938},[57,63720,2881],{"class":942},[57,63722,939],{"class":938},[57,63724,1081],{"class":67},[57,63726,3622],{"class":80},[57,63728,1081],{"class":67},[57,63730,536],{"class":80},[57,63732,3485],{"class":67},[57,63734,63735],{"class":1772},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,63737,131],{},[48,63739,63741],{"className":50,"code":63740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n3\n1\n",[19,63742,63743,63747,63751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63744,63745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63746,45084],{"class":80},[57,63748,63749],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63750,44784],{"class":80},[57,63752,63753],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,63754,45084],{"class":80},[15,63756,63757],{},"How this works:",[27,63759,63760,63772,63785],{},[30,63761,63762,63765,63766,63769,63770],{},[19,63763,63764],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[19,63767,63768],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[19,63771,1078],{},[30,63773,63774,63777,63778,63780,63781,63769,63783],{},[19,63775,63776],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[19,63779,116],{},", so it finds the next ",[19,63782,63768],{},[19,63784,122],{},[30,63786,63787,63790,63791,256,63793,15221,63795],{},[19,63788,63789],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[19,63792,1078],{},[19,63794,116],{},[19,63796,122],{},[15,63798,63799],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[43,63801,63803],{"id":63802},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[15,63805,63806,63807,498],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[19,63808,38868],{},[15,63810,275],{},[48,63812,63814],{"className":50,"code":63813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[19,63815,63816,63848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63817,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63819,5910],{"class":285},[57,63821,289],{"class":76},[57,63823,1729],{"class":67},[57,63825,939],{"class":938},[57,63827,2195],{"class":942},[57,63829,939],{"class":938},[57,63831,1081],{"class":67},[57,63833,1449],{"class":938},[57,63835,2204],{"class":942},[57,63837,939],{"class":938},[57,63839,1081],{"class":67},[57,63841,1449],{"class":938},[57,63843,2213],{"class":942},[57,63845,939],{"class":938},[57,63847,1742],{"class":67},[57,63849,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63851,64],{"class":63},[57,63853,68],{"class":67},[57,63855,5941],{"class":238},[57,63857,498],{"class":67},[57,63859,34006],{"class":238},[57,63861,68],{"class":67},[57,63863,939],{"class":938},[57,63865,31378],{"class":942},[57,63867,939],{"class":938},[57,63869,84],{"class":67},[15,63871,37817,63872,63875],{},[19,63873,63874],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[15,63877,63878],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[48,63880,63882],{"className":50,"code":63881,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[19,63883,63884,63916,63929,63933,63946,63965,63971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63885,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63887,5910],{"class":285},[57,63889,289],{"class":76},[57,63891,1729],{"class":67},[57,63893,939],{"class":938},[57,63895,2195],{"class":942},[57,63897,939],{"class":938},[57,63899,1081],{"class":67},[57,63901,1449],{"class":938},[57,63903,2204],{"class":942},[57,63905,939],{"class":938},[57,63907,1081],{"class":67},[57,63909,1449],{"class":938},[57,63911,2213],{"class":942},[57,63913,939],{"class":938},[57,63915,1742],{"class":67},[57,63917,63918,63921,63923,63925,63927],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,63919,63920],{"class":285},"search_value ",[57,63922,289],{"class":76},[57,63924,1449],{"class":938},[57,63926,31378],{"class":942},[57,63928,1455],{"class":938},[57,63930,63931],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,63932,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,63934,63935,63937,63940,63942,63944],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,63936,5126],{"class":1990},[57,63938,63939],{"class":285}," search_value ",[57,63941,1997],{"class":76},[57,63943,4091],{"class":285},[57,63945,4520],{"class":67},[57,63947,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63963],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,63949,6201],{"class":63},[57,63951,68],{"class":67},[57,63953,5941],{"class":238},[57,63955,498],{"class":67},[57,63957,34006],{"class":238},[57,63959,68],{"class":67},[57,63961,63962],{"class":238},"search_value",[57,63964,84],{"class":67},[57,63966,63967,63969],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,63968,25588],{"class":1990},[57,63970,4520],{"class":67},[57,63972,63973,63975,63977,63979,63982,63984],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,63974,6201],{"class":63},[57,63976,68],{"class":67},[57,63978,939],{"class":938},[57,63980,63981],{"class":942},"Item not found",[57,63983,939],{"class":938},[57,63985,242],{"class":67},[15,63987,131],{},[48,63989,63991],{"className":50,"code":63990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Item not found\n",[19,63992,63993],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63994,63995,63998,64000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63996,63997],{"class":285},"Item ",[57,63999,2750],{"class":76},[57,64001,64002],{"class":285}," found\n",[15,64004,64005],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[15,64007,64008,64009,498],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[373,64010,64012],{"href":64011},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[43,64014,2637],{"id":2636},[15,64016,19363,64017,972],{},[19,64018,63038],{},[27,64020,64021,64039,64051,64111],{},[30,64022,23928,64023,474,64025,64028,64029,64031,64032,3283,64034,64036,64037,498],{},[19,64024,57139],{},[19,64026,64027],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[7984,64030],{},"\nPython does ",[1854,64033,2750],{},[19,64035,64027],{},". It raises ",[19,64038,38868],{},[30,64040,64041,64042,64044,64047,64048,64050],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[7984,64043],{},[19,64045,64046],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[19,64049,63447],{},", not the value itself.",[30,64052,6551,64053,9232,64056,64058,64060,64061,14804,64063,64086,14792,64088],{},[19,64054,64055],{},"index[]",[19,64057,57139],{},[7984,64059],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[7984,64062],{},[48,64064,64066],{"className":50,"code":64065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[19,64067,64068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64069,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64071,5941],{"class":285},[57,64073,498],{"class":67},[57,64075,34006],{"class":238},[57,64077,68],{"class":67},[57,64079,939],{"class":938},[57,64081,2204],{"class":942},[57,64083,939],{"class":938},[57,64085,242],{"class":67},[7984,64087],{},[48,64089,64091],{"className":50,"code":64090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[19,64092,64093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64094,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64096,5941],{"class":285},[57,64098,498],{"class":67},[57,64100,34006],{"class":22903},[57,64102,2015],{"class":67},[57,64104,939],{"class":938},[57,64106,2204],{"class":942},[57,64108,939],{"class":938},[57,64110,1742],{"class":67},[30,64112,64113,64114,64116,2511,64119,64121,64122],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[7984,64115],{},[19,64117,64118],{},"\"3\"",[19,64120,122],{}," are different values in Python.",[48,64123,64125],{"className":50,"code":64124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[19,64126,64127,64147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64128,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64130,1724],{"class":285},[57,64132,289],{"class":76},[57,64134,1729],{"class":67},[57,64136,1078],{"class":80},[57,64138,1081],{"class":67},[57,64140,1084],{"class":80},[57,64142,1081],{"class":67},[57,64144,530],{"class":80},[57,64146,1742],{"class":67},[57,64148,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64150,64],{"class":63},[57,64152,68],{"class":67},[57,64154,939],{"class":938},[57,64156,122],{"class":942},[57,64158,939],{"class":938},[57,64160,19325],{"class":1990},[57,64162,2380],{"class":238},[57,64164,1769],{"class":67},[57,64166,2892],{"class":1772},[15,64168,64169],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,64171,64173],{"className":50,"code":64172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[19,64174,64175,64185,64199,64213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64176,64177,64179,64181,64183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64178,64],{"class":63},[57,64180,68],{"class":67},[57,64182,6472],{"class":238},[57,64184,242],{"class":67},[57,64186,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64188,64],{"class":63},[57,64190,68],{"class":67},[57,64192,1315],{"class":990},[57,64194,68],{"class":67},[57,64196,63962],{"class":238},[57,64198,84],{"class":67},[57,64200,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,64202,64],{"class":63},[57,64204,68],{"class":67},[57,64206,63920],{"class":238},[57,64208,1997],{"class":1990},[57,64210,6529],{"class":238},[57,64212,242],{"class":67},[57,64214,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,64216,64],{"class":63},[57,64218,68],{"class":67},[57,64220,6472],{"class":238},[57,64222,498],{"class":67},[57,64224,34006],{"class":238},[57,64226,68],{"class":67},[57,64228,63962],{"class":238},[57,64230,84],{"class":67},[15,64232,64233],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[15,64235,64236],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[27,64238,64239,64242,64249,64255],{},[30,64240,64241],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[30,64243,64244,64245,9232,64247],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[19,64246,64118],{},[19,64248,122],{},[30,64250,64251,64252,64254],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[19,64253,57139],{}," returns only the first one",[30,64256,64257],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[43,64259,3082,64261],{"id":64260},"when-to-use-index",[19,64262,57139],{},[15,64264,154,64265,8740],{},[19,64266,57139],{},[27,64268,64269,64272,64275],{},[30,64270,64271],{},"You need the position of a known value",[30,64273,64274],{},"You are working with a small list",[30,64276,64277],{},"You only need the first matching position",[15,64279,64280],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[43,64282,1554],{"id":1553},[616,64284,3264,64286,3267],{"id":64285},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[19,64287,63038],{},[15,64289,64290],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[616,64292,10848,64294,3283,64296,64298],{"id":64293},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[19,64295,63038],{},[19,64297,64027],{}," if the value is not found?",[15,64300,64301,64302,4759],{},"No. It raises ",[19,64303,38868],{},[616,64305,3292,64307,64309],{"id":64306},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[19,64308,63038],{}," find all matching items?",[15,64311,64312],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[616,64314,64316,64317,572],{"id":64315},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[19,64318,57139],{},[15,64320,64321,64322,2511,64324,64326],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[19,64323,34233],{},[19,64325,50830],{}," arguments.",[43,64328,1602],{"id":1601},[27,64330,64331,64335,64339,64343],{},[30,64332,64333],{},[373,64334,57127],{"href":63468},[30,64336,64337],{},[373,64338,50941],{"href":52740},[30,64340,64341],{},[373,64342,64012],{"href":64011},[30,64344,64345],{},[373,64346,53690,64347,8880],{"href":57198},[19,64348,55461],{},[1634,64350,64351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":64353},[64354,64355,64357,64358,64359,64360,64361,64363,64364,64365,64367,64377],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":63135,"depth":87,"text":64356},"What list.index() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":36182,"depth":87,"text":36183},{"id":63343,"depth":87,"text":63344},{"id":63472,"depth":87,"text":63473},{"id":63579,"depth":87,"text":64362},"Using start and end",{"id":63802,"depth":87,"text":63803},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637},{"id":64260,"depth":87,"text":64366},"When to use index()",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":64368},[64369,64371,64373,64375],{"id":64285,"depth":103,"text":64370},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":64293,"depth":103,"text":64372},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":64306,"depth":103,"text":64374},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":64315,"depth":103,"text":64376},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":63026,"description":64378},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":64385,"title":64386,"body":64387,"description":66329,"extension":1666,"meta":66330,"navigation":317,"path":66331,"seo":66332,"stem":66333,"__hash__":66334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":8,"value":64388,"toc":66289},[64389,64394,64399,64402,64411,64468,64474,64479,64483,64497,64503,64505,64528,64545,64547,64608,64610,64642,64655,64657,64660,64760,64762,64840,64846,64850,64858,64862,64868,64923,64925,64949,64953,64956,65009,65011,65035,65039,65042,65095,65097,65121,65125,65131,65202,65204,65245,65251,65258,65261,65266,65274,65279,65287,65289,65386,65388,65457,65464,65469,65471,65475,65480,65482,65553,65555,65584,65590,65592,65619,65622,65645,65649,65652,65674,65677,65700,65702,65762,65764,65796,65802,65807,65860,65862,65887,65890,65939,65941,65962,65966,65971,65974,66029,66031,66058,66065,66069,66074,66145,66148,66162,66167,66172,66174,66188,66200,66205,66207,66212,66217,66221,66224,66230,66236,66243,66251,66253,66286],[11,64390,52512,64392,9463],{"id":64391},"python-list-insert-method",[19,64393,52438],{},[15,64395,64396,64398],{},[19,64397,52081],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[15,64400,64401],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[15,64403,154,64404,64406,64407,498],{},[19,64405,52438],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[373,64408,53690,64409,8880],{"href":54939},[19,64410,50822],{},[48,64412,64414],{"className":50,"code":64413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,64415,64416,64436,64454,64464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64417,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64419,1724],{"class":285},[57,64421,289],{"class":76},[57,64423,1729],{"class":67},[57,64425,1078],{"class":80},[57,64427,1081],{"class":67},[57,64429,1084],{"class":80},[57,64431,1081],{"class":67},[57,64433,536],{"class":80},[57,64435,1742],{"class":67},[57,64437,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64439,1756],{"class":285},[57,64441,498],{"class":67},[57,64443,52121],{"class":238},[57,64445,68],{"class":67},[57,64447,116],{"class":80},[57,64449,1081],{"class":67},[57,64451,530],{"class":80},[57,64453,242],{"class":67},[57,64455,64456,64458,64460,64462],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,64457,64],{"class":63},[57,64459,68],{"class":67},[57,64461,1756],{"class":238},[57,64463,242],{"class":67},[57,64465,64466],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,64467,50893],{"class":1772},[15,64469,154,64470,64473],{},[19,64471,64472],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[43,64475,1787,64477,1790],{"id":64476},"what-listinsert-does",[19,64478,52081],{},[15,64480,64481,972],{},[19,64482,52081],{},[27,64484,64485,64488,64491,64493],{},[30,64486,64487],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[30,64489,64490],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[30,64492,52598],{},[30,64494,9565,64495],{},[19,64496,1890],{},[15,64498,64499,64500,64502],{},"That last point is important. ",[19,64501,52438],{}," does not create a new list.",[43,64504,3555],{"id":3554},[48,64506,64508],{"className":50,"code":64507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[19,64509,64510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64511,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64513,6472],{"class":285},[57,64515,498],{"class":67},[57,64517,52121],{"class":238},[57,64519,68],{"class":67},[57,64521,34006],{"class":238},[57,64523,1081],{"class":67},[57,64525,27662],{"class":238},[57,64527,242],{"class":67},[27,64529,64530,64535,64540],{},[30,64531,64532,64534],{},[19,64533,34006],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[30,64536,64537,64539],{},[19,64538,21463],{}," is the value to add",[30,64541,64542,64543],{},"The first list position is index ",[19,64544,182],{},[15,64546,275],{},[48,64548,64550],{"className":50,"code":64549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,64551,64552,64576,64598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64553,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64555,34251],{"class":285},[57,64557,289],{"class":76},[57,64559,1729],{"class":67},[57,64561,939],{"class":938},[57,64563,373],{"class":942},[57,64565,939],{"class":938},[57,64567,1081],{"class":67},[57,64569,1449],{"class":938},[57,64571,7877],{"class":942},[57,64573,939],{"class":938},[57,64575,1742],{"class":67},[57,64577,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64579,34304],{"class":285},[57,64581,498],{"class":67},[57,64583,52121],{"class":238},[57,64585,68],{"class":67},[57,64587,1078],{"class":80},[57,64589,1081],{"class":67},[57,64591,1449],{"class":938},[57,64593,2881],{"class":942},[57,64595,939],{"class":938},[57,64597,242],{"class":67},[57,64599,64600,64602,64604,64606],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,64601,64],{"class":63},[57,64603,68],{"class":67},[57,64605,34304],{"class":238},[57,64607,242],{"class":67},[15,64609,131],{},[48,64611,64612],{"className":50,"code":41041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,64613,64614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64615,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64617,2015],{"class":67},[57,64619,1395],{"class":938},[57,64621,373],{"class":942},[57,64623,1395],{"class":938},[57,64625,1081],{"class":67},[57,64627,1390],{"class":938},[57,64629,2881],{"class":942},[57,64631,1395],{"class":938},[57,64633,1081],{"class":67},[57,64635,1390],{"class":938},[57,64637,7877],{"class":942},[57,64639,1395],{"class":938},[57,64641,1742],{"class":67},[15,64643,18922,64644,64646,64647,64649,64650,2511,64652,498],{},[19,64645,63768],{}," is inserted at index ",[19,64648,1078],{},", so it appears between ",[19,64651,16246],{},[19,64653,64654],{},"\"c\"",[43,64656,3912],{"id":3911},[15,64658,64659],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[48,64661,64663],{"className":50,"code":64662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[19,64664,64665,64697,64715,64719,64741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64666,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64668,11221],{"class":285},[57,64670,289],{"class":76},[57,64672,1729],{"class":67},[57,64674,939],{"class":938},[57,64676,11238],{"class":942},[57,64678,939],{"class":938},[57,64680,1081],{"class":67},[57,64682,1449],{"class":938},[57,64684,11255],{"class":942},[57,64686,939],{"class":938},[57,64688,1081],{"class":67},[57,64690,1449],{"class":938},[57,64692,15605],{"class":942},[57,64694,939],{"class":938},[57,64696,1742],{"class":67},[57,64698,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64700,64],{"class":63},[57,64702,68],{"class":67},[57,64704,939],{"class":938},[57,64706,9706],{"class":942},[57,64708,939],{"class":938},[57,64710,1081],{"class":67},[57,64712,11269],{"class":238},[57,64714,242],{"class":67},[57,64716,64717],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,64718,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,64720,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,64722,15652],{"class":285},[57,64724,498],{"class":67},[57,64726,52121],{"class":238},[57,64728,68],{"class":67},[57,64730,1078],{"class":80},[57,64732,1081],{"class":67},[57,64734,1449],{"class":938},[57,64736,20676],{"class":942},[57,64738,939],{"class":938},[57,64740,242],{"class":67},[57,64742,64743,64745,64747,64749,64752,64754,64756,64758],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,64744,64],{"class":63},[57,64746,68],{"class":67},[57,64748,939],{"class":938},[57,64750,64751],{"class":942},"After: ",[57,64753,939],{"class":938},[57,64755,1081],{"class":67},[57,64757,11269],{"class":238},[57,64759,242],{"class":67},[15,64761,131],{},[48,64763,64765],{"className":50,"code":64764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[19,64766,64767,64799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64768,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777,64779,64781,64783,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64770,9766],{"class":285},[57,64772,972],{"class":67},[57,64774,1729],{"class":67},[57,64776,1395],{"class":938},[57,64778,11238],{"class":942},[57,64780,1395],{"class":938},[57,64782,1081],{"class":67},[57,64784,1390],{"class":938},[57,64786,11255],{"class":942},[57,64788,1395],{"class":938},[57,64790,1081],{"class":67},[57,64792,1390],{"class":938},[57,64794,15605],{"class":942},[57,64796,1395],{"class":938},[57,64798,1742],{"class":67},[57,64800,64801,64803,64805,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64802,9819],{"class":285},[57,64804,972],{"class":67},[57,64806,64807],{"class":67},"  [",[57,64809,1395],{"class":938},[57,64811,11238],{"class":942},[57,64813,1395],{"class":938},[57,64815,1081],{"class":67},[57,64817,1390],{"class":938},[57,64819,20676],{"class":942},[57,64821,1395],{"class":938},[57,64823,1081],{"class":67},[57,64825,1390],{"class":938},[57,64827,11255],{"class":942},[57,64829,1395],{"class":938},[57,64831,1081],{"class":67},[57,64833,1390],{"class":938},[57,64835,15605],{"class":942},[57,64837,1395],{"class":938},[57,64839,1742],{"class":67},[15,64841,64842,64843,64845],{},"The new value appears at index ",[19,64844,1078],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[43,64847,64849],{"id":64848},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[15,64851,17,64852,33489,64854,64857],{},[19,64853,34006],{},[19,64855,64856],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[616,64859,64861],{"id":64860},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[15,64863,64864,64865,64867],{},"Use index ",[19,64866,182],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[48,64869,64871],{"className":50,"code":64870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[19,64872,64873,64894,64913],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64874,64875,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64876,64877],{"class":285},"nums ",[57,64879,289],{"class":76},[57,64881,1729],{"class":67},[57,64883,116],{"class":80},[57,64885,1081],{"class":67},[57,64887,530],{"class":80},[57,64889,1081],{"class":67},[57,64891,536],{"class":80},[57,64893,1742],{"class":67},[57,64895,64896,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64897,64898],{"class":285},"nums",[57,64900,498],{"class":67},[57,64902,52121],{"class":238},[57,64904,68],{"class":67},[57,64906,182],{"class":80},[57,64908,1081],{"class":67},[57,64910,3622],{"class":80},[57,64912,242],{"class":67},[57,64914,64915,64917,64919,64921],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,64916,64],{"class":63},[57,64918,68],{"class":67},[57,64920,64898],{"class":238},[57,64922,242],{"class":67},[15,64924,131],{},[48,64926,64927],{"className":50,"code":51675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,64928,64929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64930,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64932,2015],{"class":67},[57,64934,1078],{"class":80},[57,64936,1081],{"class":67},[57,64938,1084],{"class":80},[57,64940,1081],{"class":67},[57,64942,530],{"class":80},[57,64944,1081],{"class":67},[57,64946,536],{"class":80},[57,64948,1742],{"class":67},[616,64950,64952],{"id":64951},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[15,64954,64955],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[48,64957,64959],{"className":50,"code":64958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[19,64960,64961,64981,64999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64962,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64964,64877],{"class":285},[57,64966,289],{"class":76},[57,64968,1729],{"class":67},[57,64970,1078],{"class":80},[57,64972,1081],{"class":67},[57,64974,1084],{"class":80},[57,64976,1081],{"class":67},[57,64978,536],{"class":80},[57,64980,1742],{"class":67},[57,64982,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,64984,64898],{"class":285},[57,64986,498],{"class":67},[57,64988,52121],{"class":238},[57,64990,68],{"class":67},[57,64992,116],{"class":80},[57,64994,1081],{"class":67},[57,64996,530],{"class":80},[57,64998,242],{"class":67},[57,65000,65001,65003,65005,65007],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65002,64],{"class":63},[57,65004,68],{"class":67},[57,65006,64898],{"class":238},[57,65008,242],{"class":67},[15,65010,131],{},[48,65012,65013],{"className":50,"code":51675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,65014,65015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65016,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65018,2015],{"class":67},[57,65020,1078],{"class":80},[57,65022,1081],{"class":67},[57,65024,1084],{"class":80},[57,65026,1081],{"class":67},[57,65028,530],{"class":80},[57,65030,1081],{"class":67},[57,65032,536],{"class":80},[57,65034,1742],{"class":67},[616,65036,65038],{"id":65037},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[15,65040,65041],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[48,65043,65045],{"className":50,"code":65044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[19,65046,65047,65067,65085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65048,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65050,64877],{"class":285},[57,65052,289],{"class":76},[57,65054,1729],{"class":67},[57,65056,1078],{"class":80},[57,65058,1081],{"class":67},[57,65060,1084],{"class":80},[57,65062,1081],{"class":67},[57,65064,530],{"class":80},[57,65066,1742],{"class":67},[57,65068,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65070,64898],{"class":285},[57,65072,498],{"class":67},[57,65074,52121],{"class":238},[57,65076,68],{"class":67},[57,65078,407],{"class":80},[57,65080,1081],{"class":67},[57,65082,536],{"class":80},[57,65084,242],{"class":67},[57,65086,65087,65089,65091,65093],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65088,64],{"class":63},[57,65090,68],{"class":67},[57,65092,64898],{"class":238},[57,65094,242],{"class":67},[15,65096,131],{},[48,65098,65099],{"className":50,"code":51675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,65100,65101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65102,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65104,2015],{"class":67},[57,65106,1078],{"class":80},[57,65108,1081],{"class":67},[57,65110,1084],{"class":80},[57,65112,1081],{"class":67},[57,65114,530],{"class":80},[57,65116,1081],{"class":67},[57,65118,536],{"class":80},[57,65120,1742],{"class":67},[616,65122,65124],{"id":65123},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[15,65126,65127,65128,65130],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[19,65129,52438],{}," places the item before that position.",[48,65132,65134],{"className":50,"code":65133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,65135,65136,65168,65192],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65137,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65139,34251],{"class":285},[57,65141,289],{"class":76},[57,65143,1729],{"class":67},[57,65145,939],{"class":938},[57,65147,373],{"class":942},[57,65149,939],{"class":938},[57,65151,1081],{"class":67},[57,65153,1449],{"class":938},[57,65155,2881],{"class":942},[57,65157,939],{"class":938},[57,65159,1081],{"class":67},[57,65161,1449],{"class":938},[57,65163,16918],{"class":942},[57,65165,939],{"class":938},[57,65167,1742],{"class":67},[57,65169,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65171,34304],{"class":285},[57,65173,498],{"class":67},[57,65175,52121],{"class":238},[57,65177,68],{"class":67},[57,65179,77],{"class":76},[57,65181,1078],{"class":80},[57,65183,1081],{"class":67},[57,65185,1449],{"class":938},[57,65187,7877],{"class":942},[57,65189,939],{"class":938},[57,65191,242],{"class":67},[57,65193,65194,65196,65198,65200],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65195,64],{"class":63},[57,65197,68],{"class":67},[57,65199,34304],{"class":238},[57,65201,242],{"class":67},[15,65203,131],{},[48,65205,65207],{"className":50,"code":65206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[19,65208,65209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65210,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241,65243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65212,2015],{"class":67},[57,65214,1395],{"class":938},[57,65216,373],{"class":942},[57,65218,1395],{"class":938},[57,65220,1081],{"class":67},[57,65222,1390],{"class":938},[57,65224,2881],{"class":942},[57,65226,1395],{"class":938},[57,65228,1081],{"class":67},[57,65230,1390],{"class":938},[57,65232,7877],{"class":942},[57,65234,1395],{"class":938},[57,65236,1081],{"class":67},[57,65238,1390],{"class":938},[57,65240,16918],{"class":942},[57,65242,1395],{"class":938},[57,65244,1742],{"class":67},[15,65246,65247,65248,380],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[373,65249,65250],{"href":49148},"Python lists beginner guide",[43,65252,65254,8724,65256],{"id":65253},"insert-vs-append",[19,65255,52438],{},[19,65257,50822],{},[15,65259,65260],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[616,65262,154,65264,8740],{"id":65263},"use-insert-when",[19,65265,52438],{},[27,65267,65268,65271],{},[30,65269,65270],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[30,65272,65273],{},"The order of the list matters",[616,65275,154,65277,8740],{"id":65276},"use-append-when",[19,65278,50822],{},[27,65280,65281,65284],{},[30,65282,65283],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[30,65285,65286],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[15,65288,275],{},[48,65290,65292],{"className":50,"code":65291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[19,65293,65294,65318,65322,65344,65354,65358,65376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65295,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65297,5910],{"class":285},[57,65299,289],{"class":76},[57,65301,1729],{"class":67},[57,65303,939],{"class":938},[57,65305,2195],{"class":942},[57,65307,939],{"class":938},[57,65309,1081],{"class":67},[57,65311,1449],{"class":938},[57,65313,31378],{"class":942},[57,65315,939],{"class":938},[57,65317,1742],{"class":67},[57,65319,65320],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65321,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,65323,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65325,5941],{"class":285},[57,65327,498],{"class":67},[57,65329,52121],{"class":238},[57,65331,68],{"class":67},[57,65333,1078],{"class":80},[57,65335,1081],{"class":67},[57,65337,1449],{"class":938},[57,65339,2204],{"class":942},[57,65341,939],{"class":938},[57,65343,242],{"class":67},[57,65345,65346,65348,65350,65352],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,65347,64],{"class":63},[57,65349,68],{"class":67},[57,65351,5941],{"class":238},[57,65353,242],{"class":67},[57,65355,65356],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,65357,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,65359,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,65361,5941],{"class":285},[57,65363,498],{"class":67},[57,65365,11699],{"class":238},[57,65367,68],{"class":67},[57,65369,939],{"class":938},[57,65371,20685],{"class":942},[57,65373,939],{"class":938},[57,65375,242],{"class":67},[57,65377,65378,65380,65382,65384],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,65379,64],{"class":63},[57,65381,68],{"class":67},[57,65383,5941],{"class":238},[57,65385,242],{"class":67},[15,65387,131],{},[48,65389,65391],{"className":50,"code":65390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[19,65392,65393,65421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65394,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65396,2015],{"class":67},[57,65398,1395],{"class":938},[57,65400,2195],{"class":942},[57,65402,1395],{"class":938},[57,65404,1081],{"class":67},[57,65406,1390],{"class":938},[57,65408,2204],{"class":942},[57,65410,1395],{"class":938},[57,65412,1081],{"class":67},[57,65414,1390],{"class":938},[57,65416,31378],{"class":942},[57,65418,1395],{"class":938},[57,65420,1742],{"class":67},[57,65422,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65424,2015],{"class":67},[57,65426,1395],{"class":938},[57,65428,2195],{"class":942},[57,65430,1395],{"class":938},[57,65432,1081],{"class":67},[57,65434,1390],{"class":938},[57,65436,2204],{"class":942},[57,65438,1395],{"class":938},[57,65440,1081],{"class":67},[57,65442,1390],{"class":938},[57,65444,31378],{"class":942},[57,65446,1395],{"class":938},[57,65448,1081],{"class":67},[57,65450,1390],{"class":938},[57,65452,20685],{"class":942},[57,65454,1395],{"class":938},[57,65456,1742],{"class":67},[15,65458,65459,65460,498],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[373,65461,53690,65462,8880],{"href":54939},[19,65463,50822],{},[15,65465,65466,65467,498],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[373,65468,51219],{"href":51218},[43,65470,2637],{"id":2636},[15,65472,12880,65473,498],{},[19,65474,52438],{},[616,65476,10738,65478],{"id":65477},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[19,65479,52438],{},[15,65481,23844],{},[48,65483,65485],{"className":50,"code":65484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,65486,65487,65507,65529,65533,65543],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65488,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65490,1724],{"class":285},[57,65492,289],{"class":76},[57,65494,1729],{"class":67},[57,65496,1078],{"class":80},[57,65498,1081],{"class":67},[57,65500,1084],{"class":80},[57,65502,1081],{"class":67},[57,65504,530],{"class":80},[57,65506,1742],{"class":67},[57,65508,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65510,300],{"class":285},[57,65512,289],{"class":76},[57,65514,2380],{"class":285},[57,65516,498],{"class":67},[57,65518,52121],{"class":238},[57,65520,68],{"class":67},[57,65522,1078],{"class":80},[57,65524,1081],{"class":67},[57,65526,8335],{"class":80},[57,65528,242],{"class":67},[57,65530,65531],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65532,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,65534,65535,65537,65539,65541],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,65536,64],{"class":63},[57,65538,68],{"class":67},[57,65540,339],{"class":238},[57,65542,242],{"class":67},[57,65544,65545,65547,65549,65551],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,65546,64],{"class":63},[57,65548,68],{"class":67},[57,65550,1756],{"class":238},[57,65552,242],{"class":67},[15,65554,131],{},[48,65556,65558],{"className":50,"code":65557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[19,65559,65560,65564],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65561,65562],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65563,9951],{"class":1965},[57,65565,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65567,2015],{"class":67},[57,65569,1078],{"class":80},[57,65571,1081],{"class":67},[57,65573,8335],{"class":80},[57,65575,1081],{"class":67},[57,65577,1084],{"class":80},[57,65579,1081],{"class":67},[57,65581,530],{"class":80},[57,65583,1742],{"class":67},[15,65585,65586,52323,65588,498],{},[19,65587,52438],{},[19,65589,1890],{},[15,65591,14792],{},[48,65593,65595],{"className":50,"code":65594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[19,65596,65597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65598,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65600,54060],{"class":285},[57,65602,289],{"class":76},[57,65604,2380],{"class":285},[57,65606,498],{"class":67},[57,65608,52121],{"class":238},[57,65610,68],{"class":67},[57,65612,1078],{"class":80},[57,65614,1081],{"class":67},[57,65616,8335],{"class":80},[57,65618,242],{"class":67},[15,65620,65621],{},"Right:",[48,65623,65625],{"className":50,"code":65624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[19,65626,65627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65628,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65630,1756],{"class":285},[57,65632,498],{"class":67},[57,65634,52121],{"class":238},[57,65636,68],{"class":67},[57,65638,1078],{"class":80},[57,65640,1081],{"class":67},[57,65642,8335],{"class":80},[57,65644,242],{"class":67},[616,65646,65648],{"id":65647},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[15,65650,65651],{},"The correct order is:",[48,65653,65654],{"className":50,"code":64507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,65655,65656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65657,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65659,6472],{"class":285},[57,65661,498],{"class":67},[57,65663,52121],{"class":238},[57,65665,68],{"class":67},[57,65667,34006],{"class":238},[57,65669,1081],{"class":67},[57,65671,27662],{"class":238},[57,65673,242],{"class":67},[15,65675,65676],{},"Not:",[48,65678,65680],{"className":50,"code":65679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[19,65681,65682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65683,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65685,6472],{"class":285},[57,65687,498],{"class":67},[57,65689,52121],{"class":238},[57,65691,68],{"class":67},[57,65693,21463],{"class":238},[57,65695,1081],{"class":67},[57,65697,33981],{"class":238},[57,65699,242],{"class":67},[15,65701,275],{},[48,65703,65704],{"className":50,"code":64549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,65705,65706,65730,65752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65707,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65709,34251],{"class":285},[57,65711,289],{"class":76},[57,65713,1729],{"class":67},[57,65715,939],{"class":938},[57,65717,373],{"class":942},[57,65719,939],{"class":938},[57,65721,1081],{"class":67},[57,65723,1449],{"class":938},[57,65725,7877],{"class":942},[57,65727,939],{"class":938},[57,65729,1742],{"class":67},[57,65731,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65733,34304],{"class":285},[57,65735,498],{"class":67},[57,65737,52121],{"class":238},[57,65739,68],{"class":67},[57,65741,1078],{"class":80},[57,65743,1081],{"class":67},[57,65745,1449],{"class":938},[57,65747,2881],{"class":942},[57,65749,939],{"class":938},[57,65751,242],{"class":67},[57,65753,65754,65756,65758,65760],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65755,64],{"class":63},[57,65757,68],{"class":67},[57,65759,34304],{"class":238},[57,65761,242],{"class":67},[15,65763,131],{},[48,65765,65766],{"className":50,"code":41041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,65767,65768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65769,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65771,2015],{"class":67},[57,65773,1395],{"class":938},[57,65775,373],{"class":942},[57,65777,1395],{"class":938},[57,65779,1081],{"class":67},[57,65781,1390],{"class":938},[57,65783,2881],{"class":942},[57,65785,1395],{"class":938},[57,65787,1081],{"class":67},[57,65789,1390],{"class":938},[57,65791,7877],{"class":942},[57,65793,1395],{"class":938},[57,65795,1742],{"class":67},[616,65797,6587,65799,65801],{"id":65798},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[19,65800,52438],{}," to replace an item",[15,65803,65804,65806],{},[19,65805,52438],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[48,65808,65810],{"className":50,"code":65809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,65811,65812,65832,65850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65813,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65815,1724],{"class":285},[57,65817,289],{"class":76},[57,65819,1729],{"class":67},[57,65821,1078],{"class":80},[57,65823,1081],{"class":67},[57,65825,1084],{"class":80},[57,65827,1081],{"class":67},[57,65829,530],{"class":80},[57,65831,1742],{"class":67},[57,65833,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65835,1756],{"class":285},[57,65837,498],{"class":67},[57,65839,52121],{"class":238},[57,65841,68],{"class":67},[57,65843,1078],{"class":80},[57,65845,1081],{"class":67},[57,65847,8335],{"class":80},[57,65849,242],{"class":67},[57,65851,65852,65854,65856,65858],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65853,64],{"class":63},[57,65855,68],{"class":67},[57,65857,1756],{"class":238},[57,65859,242],{"class":67},[15,65861,131],{},[48,65863,65865],{"className":50,"code":65864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[19,65866,65867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65868,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65870,2015],{"class":67},[57,65872,1078],{"class":80},[57,65874,1081],{"class":67},[57,65876,8335],{"class":80},[57,65878,1081],{"class":67},[57,65880,1084],{"class":80},[57,65882,1081],{"class":67},[57,65884,530],{"class":80},[57,65886,1742],{"class":67},[15,65888,65889],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[48,65891,65893],{"className":50,"code":65892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,65894,65895,65915,65929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65896,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65898,1724],{"class":285},[57,65900,289],{"class":76},[57,65902,1729],{"class":67},[57,65904,1078],{"class":80},[57,65906,1081],{"class":67},[57,65908,1084],{"class":80},[57,65910,1081],{"class":67},[57,65912,530],{"class":80},[57,65914,1742],{"class":67},[57,65916,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65918,1756],{"class":285},[57,65920,2015],{"class":67},[57,65922,1078],{"class":80},[57,65924,11419],{"class":67},[57,65926,11422],{"class":76},[57,65928,12277],{"class":80},[57,65930,65931,65933,65935,65937],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,65932,64],{"class":63},[57,65934,68],{"class":67},[57,65936,1756],{"class":238},[57,65938,242],{"class":67},[15,65940,131],{},[48,65942,65944],{"className":50,"code":65943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[19,65945,65946],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65947,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958,65960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65949,2015],{"class":67},[57,65951,1078],{"class":80},[57,65953,1081],{"class":67},[57,65955,8335],{"class":80},[57,65957,1081],{"class":67},[57,65959,530],{"class":80},[57,65961,1742],{"class":67},[616,65963,65965],{"id":65964},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[15,65967,65968,65970],{},[19,65969,52438],{}," adds one item each time.",[15,65972,65973],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[48,65975,65977],{"className":50,"code":65976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,65978,65979,65995,66019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65980,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65982,1724],{"class":285},[57,65984,289],{"class":76},[57,65986,1729],{"class":67},[57,65988,1078],{"class":80},[57,65990,1081],{"class":67},[57,65992,536],{"class":80},[57,65994,1742],{"class":67},[57,65996,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,65998,1756],{"class":285},[57,66000,498],{"class":67},[57,66002,52121],{"class":238},[57,66004,68],{"class":67},[57,66006,1078],{"class":80},[57,66008,1081],{"class":67},[57,66010,1729],{"class":67},[57,66012,116],{"class":80},[57,66014,1081],{"class":67},[57,66016,530],{"class":80},[57,66018,2003],{"class":67},[57,66020,66021,66023,66025,66027],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,66022,64],{"class":63},[57,66024,68],{"class":67},[57,66026,1756],{"class":238},[57,66028,242],{"class":67},[15,66030,131],{},[48,66032,66034],{"className":50,"code":66033,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[19,66035,66036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66037,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66039,2015],{"class":67},[57,66041,1078],{"class":80},[57,66043,1081],{"class":67},[57,66045,1729],{"class":67},[57,66047,116],{"class":80},[57,66049,1081],{"class":67},[57,66051,530],{"class":80},[57,66053,16212],{"class":67},[57,66055,536],{"class":80},[57,66057,1742],{"class":67},[15,66059,66060,66061,498],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[373,66062,53690,66063,8880],{"href":51514},[19,66064,51616],{},[616,66066,66068],{"id":66067},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[15,66070,7011,66071,66073],{},[19,66072,52438],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[48,66075,66077],{"className":50,"code":66076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[19,66078,66079,66089,66103,66121,66135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66080,66081,66083,66085,66087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66082,64],{"class":63},[57,66084,68],{"class":67},[57,66086,6472],{"class":238},[57,66088,242],{"class":67},[57,66090,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66092,64],{"class":63},[57,66094,68],{"class":67},[57,66096,9302],{"class":63},[57,66098,68],{"class":67},[57,66100,6472],{"class":238},[57,66102,84],{"class":67},[57,66104,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,66106,64],{"class":63},[57,66108,68],{"class":67},[57,66110,6472],{"class":238},[57,66112,498],{"class":67},[57,66114,52121],{"class":22903},[57,66116,498],{"class":67},[57,66118,32604],{"class":32611},[57,66120,242],{"class":67},[57,66122,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,66124,30309],{"class":63},[57,66126,68],{"class":67},[57,66128,6226],{"class":990},[57,66130,498],{"class":67},[57,66132,52121],{"class":22903},[57,66134,242],{"class":67},[57,66136,66137,66139,66141,66143],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,66138,1315],{"class":990},[57,66140,68],{"class":67},[57,66142,6472],{"class":238},[57,66144,242],{"class":67},[15,66146,66147],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[27,66149,66150,66153,66156,66159],{},[30,66151,66152],{},"What is currently in the list",[30,66154,66155],{},"How long the list is",[30,66157,66158],{},"That you are working with a real list",[30,66160,66161],{},"How Python describes the method",[43,66163,3082,66165],{"id":66164},"when-to-use-insert",[19,66166,52438],{},[15,66168,154,66169,66171],{},[19,66170,52438],{}," when position matters.",[15,66173,34587],{},[27,66175,66176,66179,66182,66185],{},[30,66177,66178],{},"Ordered menus",[30,66180,66181],{},"Rankings or score lists",[30,66183,66184],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[30,66186,66187],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[15,66189,66190,66191,66193,66194,66196,66197,66199],{},"You usually do ",[1854,66192,2750],{}," need ",[19,66195,52438],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[19,66198,50822],{}," is simpler.",[15,66201,66202,66203,498],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[373,66204,55325],{"href":55324},[43,66206,1554],{"id":1553},[616,66208,10848,66210,53639],{"id":66209},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[19,66211,52081],{},[15,66213,66214,66215,498],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[19,66216,1890],{},[616,66218,66220],{"id":66219},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[15,66222,66223],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[616,66225,3292,66227,66229],{"id":66226},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[19,66228,52081],{}," add multiple items?",[15,66231,66232,66233,66235],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[19,66234,51616],{}," or slicing.",[616,66237,3302,66239,2511,66241,572],{"id":66238},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[19,66240,52438],{},[19,66242,50822],{},[15,66244,66245,66247,66248,66250],{},[19,66246,52438],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[19,66249,50822],{}," adds only at the end.",[43,66252,1602],{"id":1601},[27,66254,66255,66261,66267,66271,66275,66279],{},[30,66256,66257],{},[373,66258,53690,66259,8880],{"href":54939},[19,66260,50822],{},[30,66262,66263],{},[373,66264,53690,66265,8880],{"href":51514},[19,66266,51616],{},[30,66268,66269],{},[373,66270,52448],{"href":51218},[30,66272,66273],{},[373,66274,50941],{"href":49148},[30,66276,66277],{},[373,66278,55399],{"href":55324},[30,66280,66281],{},[373,66282,28503,66283,31791],{"href":52466},[19,66284,66285],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1634,66287,66288],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":66290},[66291,66293,66294,66295,66301,66308,66317,66319,66328],{"id":64476,"depth":87,"text":66292},"What list.insert() does",{"id":3554,"depth":87,"text":3555},{"id":3911,"depth":87,"text":3912},{"id":64848,"depth":87,"text":64849,"children":66296},[66297,66298,66299,66300],{"id":64860,"depth":103,"text":64861},{"id":64951,"depth":103,"text":64952},{"id":65037,"depth":103,"text":65038},{"id":65123,"depth":103,"text":65124},{"id":65253,"depth":87,"text":66302,"children":66303},"insert() vs append()",[66304,66306],{"id":65263,"depth":103,"text":66305},"Use insert() when:",{"id":65276,"depth":103,"text":66307},"Use append() when:",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":66309},[66310,66312,66313,66315,66316],{"id":65477,"depth":103,"text":66311},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":65647,"depth":103,"text":65648},{"id":65798,"depth":103,"text":66314},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":65964,"depth":103,"text":65965},{"id":66067,"depth":103,"text":66068},{"id":66164,"depth":87,"text":66318},"When to use insert()",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":66320},[66321,66323,66324,66326],{"id":66209,"depth":103,"text":66322},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":66219,"depth":103,"text":66220},{"id":66226,"depth":103,"text":66325},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":66238,"depth":103,"text":66327},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":64386,"description":66329},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":66336,"title":66337,"body":66338,"description":67893,"extension":1666,"meta":67894,"navigation":317,"path":57144,"seo":67895,"stem":67896,"__hash__":67897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":8,"value":66339,"toc":67866},[66340,66346,66355,66404,66406,66414,66420,66422,66440,66446,66451,66454,66457,66472,66474,66526,66528,66536,66544,66551,66553,66559,66624,66626,66634,66636,66655,66658,66709,66713,66718,66745,66747,66755,66758,66827,66829,66844,66850,66854,66863,66866,66921,66923,66931,66934,66936,66981,66983,66991,66997,66999,67007,67010,67012,67051,67053,67092,67097,67099,67101,67136,67139,67141,67179,67183,67189,67191,67242,67244,67252,67259,67262,67283,67286,67341,67352,67354,67415,67417,67426,67433,67439,67442,67445,67502,67505,67518,67525,67531,67537,67539,67552,67555,67652,67654,67671,67674,67756,67758,67780,67787,67793,67795,67799,67805,67811,67816,67820,67823,67829,67836,67838,67863],[11,66341,66343,66344,1769],{"id":66342},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[19,66345,9302],{},[15,66347,66348,66349,66351,66352,66354],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[19,66350,40526],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[19,66353,40526],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[48,66356,66358],{"className":50,"code":66357,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[19,66359,66360,66380,66394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66361,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66363,1724],{"class":285},[57,66365,289],{"class":76},[57,66367,1729],{"class":67},[57,66369,407],{"class":80},[57,66371,1081],{"class":67},[57,66373,5921],{"class":80},[57,66375,1081],{"class":67},[57,66377,5926],{"class":80},[57,66379,1742],{"class":67},[57,66381,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66383,39406],{"class":285},[57,66385,289],{"class":76},[57,66387,36549],{"class":63},[57,66389,68],{"class":67},[57,66391,1756],{"class":238},[57,66393,242],{"class":67},[57,66395,66396,66398,66400,66402],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,66397,64],{"class":63},[57,66399,68],{"class":67},[57,66401,39424],{"class":238},[57,66403,242],{"class":67},[15,66405,131],{},[48,66407,66408],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,66409,66410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66411,66412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66413,44784],{"class":80},[15,66415,154,66416,66419],{},[19,66417,66418],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[43,66421,13310],{"id":13309},[27,66423,66424,66429,66434,66437],{},[30,66425,2315,66426,66428],{},[19,66427,40526],{}," works with Python lists",[30,66430,66431,66432,9848],{},"What value ",[19,66433,40526],{},[30,66435,66436],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[30,66438,66439],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[43,66441,1787,66443,66445],{"id":66442},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[19,66444,40526],{}," returns for a list",[15,66447,66448,63258],{},[19,66449,66450],{},"len(my_list)",[15,66452,66453],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[15,66455,66456],{},"A few important points:",[27,66458,66459,66462,66467],{},[30,66460,66461],{},"It counts list items",[30,66463,39070,66464,66466],{},[1854,66465,2750],{}," count characters inside a string item",[30,66468,66469,66470],{},"An empty list returns ",[19,66471,182],{},[15,66473,275],{},[48,66475,66477],{"className":50,"code":66476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[19,66478,66479,66512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66480,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66482,2186],{"class":285},[57,66484,289],{"class":76},[57,66486,1729],{"class":67},[57,66488,939],{"class":938},[57,66490,35209],{"class":942},[57,66492,939],{"class":938},[57,66494,1081],{"class":67},[57,66496,1449],{"class":938},[57,66498,66499],{"class":942},"elephant",[57,66501,939],{"class":938},[57,66503,1081],{"class":67},[57,66505,1449],{"class":938},[57,66507,56298],{"class":942},[57,66509,939],{"class":938},[57,66511,1742],{"class":67},[57,66513,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66515,64],{"class":63},[57,66517,68],{"class":67},[57,66519,9302],{"class":63},[57,66521,68],{"class":67},[57,66523,2230],{"class":238},[57,66525,84],{"class":67},[15,66527,131],{},[48,66529,66530],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,66531,66532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66533,66534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66535,44784],{"class":80},[15,66537,19129,66538,66541,66542,63265],{},[19,66539,66540],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[1854,66543,50826],{},[15,66545,66546,66547,498],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[373,66548,1680,66549,1611],{"href":40523},[19,66550,40526],{},[43,66552,3912],{"id":3911},[15,66554,66555,66556,66558],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[19,66557,40526],{},", and print the result.",[48,66560,66562],{"className":50,"code":66561,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[19,66563,66564,66596,66610,66614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66565,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66567,11221],{"class":285},[57,66569,289],{"class":76},[57,66571,1729],{"class":67},[57,66573,939],{"class":938},[57,66575,11238],{"class":942},[57,66577,939],{"class":938},[57,66579,1081],{"class":67},[57,66581,1449],{"class":938},[57,66583,15605],{"class":942},[57,66585,939],{"class":938},[57,66587,1081],{"class":67},[57,66589,1449],{"class":938},[57,66591,11255],{"class":942},[57,66593,939],{"class":938},[57,66595,1742],{"class":67},[57,66597,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66599,39406],{"class":285},[57,66601,289],{"class":76},[57,66603,36549],{"class":63},[57,66605,68],{"class":67},[57,66607,15652],{"class":238},[57,66609,242],{"class":67},[57,66611,66612],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,66613,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,66615,66616,66618,66620,66622],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,66617,64],{"class":63},[57,66619,68],{"class":67},[57,66621,39424],{"class":238},[57,66623,242],{"class":67},[15,66625,131],{},[48,66627,66628],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,66629,66630],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66631,66632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66633,44784],{"class":80},[15,66635,9826],{},[27,66637,66638,66643,66650],{},[30,66639,66640,66642],{},[19,66641,15652],{}," is a list with 3 items",[30,66644,66645,474,66648],{},[19,66646,66647],{},"len(colors)",[19,66649,122],{},[30,66651,66652,66653],{},"That value is stored in ",[19,66654,39424],{},[15,66656,66657],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[48,66659,66661],{"className":50,"code":66660,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[19,66662,66663,66695],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66664,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66666,11221],{"class":285},[57,66668,289],{"class":76},[57,66670,1729],{"class":67},[57,66672,939],{"class":938},[57,66674,11238],{"class":942},[57,66676,939],{"class":938},[57,66678,1081],{"class":67},[57,66680,1449],{"class":938},[57,66682,15605],{"class":942},[57,66684,939],{"class":938},[57,66686,1081],{"class":67},[57,66688,1449],{"class":938},[57,66690,11255],{"class":942},[57,66692,939],{"class":938},[57,66694,1742],{"class":67},[57,66696,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66698,64],{"class":63},[57,66700,68],{"class":67},[57,66702,9302],{"class":63},[57,66704,68],{"class":67},[57,66706,15652],{"class":238},[57,66708,84],{"class":67},[43,66710,66712],{"id":66711},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[15,66714,66715,66716,498],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[19,66717,182],{},[48,66719,66721],{"className":50,"code":66720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[19,66722,66723,66731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66724,66725,66727,66729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66726,5910],{"class":285},[57,66728,289],{"class":76},[57,66730,5970],{"class":67},[57,66732,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66734,64],{"class":63},[57,66736,68],{"class":67},[57,66738,9302],{"class":63},[57,66740,68],{"class":67},[57,66742,5941],{"class":238},[57,66744,84],{"class":67},[15,66746,131],{},[48,66748,66749],{"className":50,"code":45419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,66750,66751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66752,66753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66754,45419],{"class":80},[15,66756,66757],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[48,66759,66761],{"className":50,"code":66760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[19,66762,66763,66771,66775,66793,66807,66813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66764,66765,66767,66769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66766,5910],{"class":285},[57,66768,289],{"class":76},[57,66770,5970],{"class":67},[57,66772,66773],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66774,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,66776,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,66778,5126],{"class":1990},[57,66780,36549],{"class":63},[57,66782,68],{"class":67},[57,66784,5941],{"class":238},[57,66786,1769],{"class":67},[57,66788,36559],{"class":76},[57,66790,1946],{"class":80},[57,66792,4520],{"class":67},[57,66794,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,66796,6201],{"class":63},[57,66798,68],{"class":67},[57,66800,5941],{"class":238},[57,66802,2015],{"class":67},[57,66804,182],{"class":80},[57,66806,2003],{"class":67},[57,66808,66809,66811],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,66810,25588],{"class":1990},[57,66812,4520],{"class":67},[57,66814,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,66816,6201],{"class":63},[57,66818,68],{"class":67},[57,66820,939],{"class":938},[57,66822,49985],{"class":942},[57,66824,939],{"class":938},[57,66826,242],{"class":67},[15,66828,131],{},[48,66830,66832],{"className":50,"code":66831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is empty\n",[19,66833,66834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66835,66836,66838,66840,66842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66837,17],{"class":285},[57,66839,6226],{"class":990},[57,66841,6229],{"class":76},[57,66843,6235],{"class":285},[15,66845,66846,66847,66849],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[373,66848,50941],{"href":49148}," is a good next step.",[43,66851,66853],{"id":66852},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[15,66855,66856,66858,66859,66862],{},[19,66857,40526],{}," counts only the ",[1854,66860,66861],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[15,66864,66865],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[48,66867,66869],{"className":50,"code":66868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[19,66870,66871,66907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66872,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66874,7302],{"class":285},[57,66876,289],{"class":76},[57,66878,54464],{"class":67},[57,66880,1078],{"class":80},[57,66882,1081],{"class":67},[57,66884,1084],{"class":80},[57,66886,16212],{"class":67},[57,66888,1729],{"class":67},[57,66890,122],{"class":80},[57,66892,1081],{"class":67},[57,66894,536],{"class":80},[57,66896,16212],{"class":67},[57,66898,1729],{"class":67},[57,66900,199],{"class":80},[57,66902,1081],{"class":67},[57,66904,35806],{"class":80},[57,66906,51412],{"class":67},[57,66908,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66910,64],{"class":63},[57,66912,68],{"class":67},[57,66914,9302],{"class":63},[57,66916,68],{"class":67},[57,66918,7341],{"class":238},[57,66920,84],{"class":67},[15,66922,131],{},[48,66924,66925],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,66926,66927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66928,66929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66930,44784],{"class":80},[15,66932,66933],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[15,66935,50249],{},[48,66937,66939],{"className":50,"code":66938,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[19,66940,66941,66967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66942,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66944,57644],{"class":285},[57,66946,289],{"class":76},[57,66948,1729],{"class":67},[57,66950,1078],{"class":80},[57,66952,1081],{"class":67},[57,66954,1729],{"class":67},[57,66956,116],{"class":80},[57,66958,1081],{"class":67},[57,66960,530],{"class":80},[57,66962,16212],{"class":67},[57,66964,536],{"class":80},[57,66966,1742],{"class":67},[57,66968,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,66970,64],{"class":63},[57,66972,68],{"class":67},[57,66974,9302],{"class":63},[57,66976,68],{"class":67},[57,66978,57697],{"class":238},[57,66980,84],{"class":67},[15,66982,131],{},[48,66984,66985],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,66986,66987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66988,66989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66990,44784],{"class":80},[15,66992,19129,66993,66996],{},[19,66994,66995],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[43,66998,2637],{"id":2636},[616,67000,6551,67002,9232,67005],{"id":67001},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[19,67003,67004],{},"my_list.len()",[19,67006,66450],{},[15,67008,67009],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[15,67011,14792],{},[48,67013,67015],{"className":50,"code":67014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[19,67016,67017,67037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67018,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67020,1724],{"class":285},[57,67022,289],{"class":76},[57,67024,1729],{"class":67},[57,67026,407],{"class":80},[57,67028,1081],{"class":67},[57,67030,5921],{"class":80},[57,67032,1081],{"class":67},[57,67034,5926],{"class":80},[57,67036,1742],{"class":67},[57,67038,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67040,64],{"class":63},[57,67042,68],{"class":67},[57,67044,1756],{"class":238},[57,67046,498],{"class":67},[57,67048,9302],{"class":238},[57,67050,5323],{"class":67},[15,67052,14804],{},[48,67054,67056],{"className":50,"code":67055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[19,67057,67058,67078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67059,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67061,1724],{"class":285},[57,67063,289],{"class":76},[57,67065,1729],{"class":67},[57,67067,407],{"class":80},[57,67069,1081],{"class":67},[57,67071,5921],{"class":80},[57,67073,1081],{"class":67},[57,67075,5926],{"class":80},[57,67077,1742],{"class":67},[57,67079,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67081,64],{"class":63},[57,67083,68],{"class":67},[57,67085,9302],{"class":63},[57,67087,68],{"class":67},[57,67089,1756],{"class":238},[57,67091,84],{"class":67},[15,67093,67094,67096],{},[19,67095,40526],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[616,67098,23841],{"id":23840},[15,67100,14792],{},[48,67102,67104],{"className":50,"code":67103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[19,67105,67106,67126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67107,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67109,1724],{"class":285},[57,67111,289],{"class":76},[57,67113,1729],{"class":67},[57,67115,407],{"class":80},[57,67117,1081],{"class":67},[57,67119,5921],{"class":80},[57,67121,1081],{"class":67},[57,67123,5926],{"class":80},[57,67125,1742],{"class":67},[57,67127,67128,67130,67132,67134],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67129,64],{"class":63},[57,67131,68],{"class":67},[57,67133,9302],{"class":63},[57,67135,242],{"class":67},[15,67137,67138],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[15,67140,14804],{},[48,67142,67143],{"className":50,"code":67055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,67144,67145,67165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67146,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67148,1724],{"class":285},[57,67150,289],{"class":76},[57,67152,1729],{"class":67},[57,67154,407],{"class":80},[57,67156,1081],{"class":67},[57,67158,5921],{"class":80},[57,67160,1081],{"class":67},[57,67162,5926],{"class":80},[57,67164,1742],{"class":67},[57,67166,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67168,64],{"class":63},[57,67170,68],{"class":67},[57,67172,9302],{"class":63},[57,67174,68],{"class":67},[57,67176,1756],{"class":238},[57,67178,84],{"class":67},[616,67180,67182],{"id":67181},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[15,67184,67185,67186,67188],{},"The length of a list is ",[1854,67187,2750],{}," the same as the last index.",[15,67190,275],{},[48,67192,67194],{"className":50,"code":67193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[19,67195,67196,67228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67199,34251],{"class":285},[57,67201,289],{"class":76},[57,67203,1729],{"class":67},[57,67205,939],{"class":938},[57,67207,373],{"class":942},[57,67209,939],{"class":938},[57,67211,1081],{"class":67},[57,67213,1449],{"class":938},[57,67215,2881],{"class":942},[57,67217,939],{"class":938},[57,67219,1081],{"class":67},[57,67221,1449],{"class":938},[57,67223,7877],{"class":942},[57,67225,939],{"class":938},[57,67227,1742],{"class":67},[57,67229,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67231,64],{"class":63},[57,67233,68],{"class":67},[57,67235,9302],{"class":63},[57,67237,68],{"class":67},[57,67239,34304],{"class":238},[57,67241,84],{"class":67},[15,67243,131],{},[48,67245,67246],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,67247,67248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67249,67250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67251,44784],{"class":80},[15,67253,67254,67255,17114,67257,498],{},"But the last index is ",[19,67256,116],{},[19,67258,122],{},[15,67260,67261],{},"Indexes are:",[27,67263,67264,67271,67277],{},[30,67265,67266,67268,67269],{},[19,67267,182],{}," for ",[19,67270,16246],{},[30,67272,67273,67268,67275],{},[19,67274,1078],{},[19,67276,63768],{},[30,67278,67279,67268,67281],{},[19,67280,116],{},[19,67282,64654],{},[15,67284,67285],{},"So this causes an error:",[48,67287,67289],{"className":50,"code":67288,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[19,67290,67291,67323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67292,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67294,34251],{"class":285},[57,67296,289],{"class":76},[57,67298,1729],{"class":67},[57,67300,939],{"class":938},[57,67302,373],{"class":942},[57,67304,939],{"class":938},[57,67306,1081],{"class":67},[57,67308,1449],{"class":938},[57,67310,2881],{"class":942},[57,67312,939],{"class":938},[57,67314,1081],{"class":67},[57,67316,1449],{"class":938},[57,67318,7877],{"class":942},[57,67320,939],{"class":938},[57,67322,1742],{"class":67},[57,67324,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67326,64],{"class":63},[57,67328,68],{"class":67},[57,67330,34304],{"class":238},[57,67332,2015],{"class":67},[57,67334,9302],{"class":63},[57,67336,68],{"class":67},[57,67338,34304],{"class":238},[57,67340,8818],{"class":67},[15,67342,6630,67343,2904,67346,67348,67349,67351],{},[19,67344,67345],{},"len(letters)",[19,67347,122],{},", and index ",[19,67350,122],{}," does not exist.",[15,67353,16991],{},[48,67355,67357],{"className":50,"code":67356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[19,67358,67359,67391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67360,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67362,34251],{"class":285},[57,67364,289],{"class":76},[57,67366,1729],{"class":67},[57,67368,939],{"class":938},[57,67370,373],{"class":942},[57,67372,939],{"class":938},[57,67374,1081],{"class":67},[57,67376,1449],{"class":938},[57,67378,2881],{"class":942},[57,67380,939],{"class":938},[57,67382,1081],{"class":67},[57,67384,1449],{"class":938},[57,67386,7877],{"class":942},[57,67388,939],{"class":938},[57,67390,1742],{"class":67},[57,67392,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67394,64],{"class":63},[57,67396,68],{"class":67},[57,67398,34304],{"class":238},[57,67400,2015],{"class":67},[57,67402,9302],{"class":63},[57,67404,68],{"class":67},[57,67406,34304],{"class":238},[57,67408,1769],{"class":67},[57,67410,292],{"class":76},[57,67412,3622],{"class":80},[57,67414,2003],{"class":67},[15,67416,131],{},[48,67418,67420],{"className":50,"code":67419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"c\n",[19,67421,67422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67423,67424],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67425,67419],{"class":285},[15,67427,67428,67429,498],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[373,67430,67432],{"href":67431},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[616,67434,6551,67436,67438],{"id":67435},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[19,67437,40526],{}," on the wrong variable",[15,67440,67441],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[15,67443,67444],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[48,67446,67448],{"className":50,"code":67447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[19,67449,67450,67460,67474,67488],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67451,67452,67454,67456,67458],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67453,64],{"class":63},[57,67455,68],{"class":67},[57,67457,6472],{"class":238},[57,67459,242],{"class":67},[57,67461,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67463,64],{"class":63},[57,67465,68],{"class":67},[57,67467,9302],{"class":63},[57,67469,68],{"class":67},[57,67471,6472],{"class":238},[57,67473,84],{"class":67},[57,67475,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,67477,64],{"class":63},[57,67479,68],{"class":67},[57,67481,1315],{"class":990},[57,67483,68],{"class":67},[57,67485,6472],{"class":238},[57,67487,84],{"class":67},[57,67489,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,67491,64],{"class":63},[57,67493,68],{"class":67},[57,67495,6472],{"class":238},[57,67497,2015],{"class":67},[57,67499,182],{"class":80},[57,67501,2003],{"class":67},[15,67503,67504],{},"These help you verify:",[27,67506,67507,67510,67512,67515],{},[30,67508,67509],{},"what the variable contains",[30,67511,58956],{},[30,67513,67514],{},"whether it is really a list",[30,67516,67517],{},"what the first item is",[15,67519,67520,67521,67524],{},"Be careful with ",[19,67522,67523],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[43,67526,3082,67528,67530],{"id":67527},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[19,67529,40526],{}," with lists",[15,67532,67533,67534,67536],{},"You will often use ",[19,67535,40526],{}," in real programs.",[15,67538,7511],{},[27,67540,67541,67543,67546,67549],{},[30,67542,49939],{},[30,67544,67545],{},"Control loops",[30,67547,67548],{},"Validate input or results",[30,67550,67551],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[15,67553,67554],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[48,67556,67558],{"className":50,"code":67557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[19,67559,67560,67580,67596,67600,67614,67628],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67561,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67563,636],{"class":285},[57,67565,289],{"class":76},[57,67567,1729],{"class":67},[57,67569,1078],{"class":80},[57,67571,1081],{"class":67},[57,67573,1084],{"class":80},[57,67575,1081],{"class":67},[57,67577,530],{"class":80},[57,67579,1742],{"class":67},[57,67581,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67583,664],{"class":285},[57,67585,289],{"class":76},[57,67587,1729],{"class":67},[57,67589,407],{"class":80},[57,67591,1081],{"class":67},[57,67593,5921],{"class":80},[57,67595,1742],{"class":67},[57,67597,67598],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,67599,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,67601,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,67603,64],{"class":63},[57,67605,68],{"class":67},[57,67607,9302],{"class":63},[57,67609,68],{"class":67},[57,67611,373],{"class":238},[57,67613,84],{"class":67},[57,67615,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,67617,64],{"class":63},[57,67619,68],{"class":67},[57,67621,9302],{"class":63},[57,67623,68],{"class":67},[57,67625,2881],{"class":238},[57,67627,84],{"class":67},[57,67629,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,67631,64],{"class":63},[57,67633,68],{"class":67},[57,67635,9302],{"class":63},[57,67637,68],{"class":67},[57,67639,373],{"class":238},[57,67641,1769],{"class":67},[57,67643,36559],{"class":76},[57,67645,36549],{"class":63},[57,67647,68],{"class":67},[57,67649,2881],{"class":238},[57,67651,84],{"class":67},[15,67653,131],{},[48,67655,67657],{"className":50,"code":67656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[19,67658,67659,67663,67667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67660,67661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67662,44784],{"class":80},[57,67664,67665],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67666,15205],{"class":80},[57,67668,67669],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,67670,2095],{"class":1965},[15,67672,67673],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[48,67675,67677],{"className":50,"code":67676,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[19,67678,67679,67711,67715,67737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67680,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67682,3116],{"class":285},[57,67684,289],{"class":76},[57,67686,1729],{"class":67},[57,67688,939],{"class":938},[57,67690,11025],{"class":942},[57,67692,939],{"class":938},[57,67694,1081],{"class":67},[57,67696,1449],{"class":938},[57,67698,34101],{"class":942},[57,67700,939],{"class":938},[57,67702,1081],{"class":67},[57,67704,1449],{"class":938},[57,67706,34110],{"class":942},[57,67708,939],{"class":938},[57,67710,1742],{"class":67},[57,67712,67713],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67714,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,67716,67717,67719,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,67718,4083],{"class":1990},[57,67720,67721],{"class":285}," i ",[57,67723,1997],{"class":1990},[57,67725,52240],{"class":63},[57,67727,68],{"class":67},[57,67729,9302],{"class":63},[57,67731,68],{"class":67},[57,67733,3160],{"class":238},[57,67735,67736],{"class":67},")):\n",[57,67738,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747,67750,67752,67754],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,67740,6201],{"class":63},[57,67742,68],{"class":67},[57,67744,34315],{"class":238},[57,67746,1081],{"class":67},[57,67748,67749],{"class":238}," names",[57,67751,2015],{"class":67},[57,67753,34315],{"class":238},[57,67755,2003],{"class":67},[15,67757,131],{},[48,67759,67760],{"className":50,"code":34159,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,67761,67762,67768,67774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67763,67764,67766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67765,182],{"class":80},[57,67767,34168],{"class":285},[57,67769,67770,67772],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67771,1078],{"class":80},[57,67773,34175],{"class":285},[57,67775,67776,67778],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,67777,116],{"class":80},[57,67779,34182],{"class":285},[15,67781,67782,67783,498],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[373,67784,67786],{"href":67785},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[15,67788,67789,67790,67792],{},"You can also read ",[373,67791,49716],{"href":49715}," for a task-focused guide.",[43,67794,1554],{"id":1553},[616,67796,67798],{"id":67797},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[15,67800,154,67801,67804],{},[19,67802,67803],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[616,67806,3264,67808,10860],{"id":67807},"what-does-len-return",[19,67809,67810],{},"len([])",[15,67812,3270,67813,67815],{},[19,67814,182],{}," because the list is empty.",[616,67817,67819],{"id":67818},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[15,67821,67822],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[616,67824,26483,67826,67828],{"id":67825},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[19,67827,67004],{}," in Python?",[15,67830,28426,67831,6355,67833,67835],{},[19,67832,66450],{},[19,67834,40526],{}," is a built-in function.",[43,67837,1602],{"id":1601},[27,67839,67840,67846,67850,67854,67858],{},[30,67841,67842],{},[373,67843,1680,67844,1611],{"href":40523},[19,67845,40526],{},[30,67847,67848],{},[373,67849,50760],{"href":49715},[30,67851,67852],{},[373,67853,50941],{"href":49148},[30,67855,67856],{},[373,67857,67432],{"href":67431},[30,67859,67860],{},[373,67861,67862],{"href":67785},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1634,67864,67865],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":67867},[67868,67869,67871,67872,67873,67874,67882,67884,67892],{"id":13309,"depth":87,"text":13310},{"id":66442,"depth":87,"text":67870},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":3911,"depth":87,"text":3912},{"id":66711,"depth":87,"text":66712},{"id":66852,"depth":87,"text":66853},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":67875},[67876,67878,67879,67880],{"id":67001,"depth":103,"text":67877},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":23840,"depth":103,"text":23841},{"id":67181,"depth":103,"text":67182},{"id":67435,"depth":103,"text":67881},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":67527,"depth":87,"text":67883},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":67885},[67886,67887,67889,67890],{"id":67797,"depth":103,"text":67798},{"id":67807,"depth":103,"text":67888},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":67818,"depth":103,"text":67819},{"id":67825,"depth":103,"text":67891},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":66337,"description":67893},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":67899,"title":67900,"body":67901,"description":69883,"extension":1666,"meta":69884,"navigation":317,"path":69885,"seo":69886,"stem":69887,"__hash__":69888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":8,"value":67902,"toc":69856},[67903,67906,67911,67914,67922,67935,67937,68002,68004,68026,68031,68035,68040,68048,68050,68060,68062,68143,68145,68175,68177,68196,68201,68218,68220,68304,68306,68336,68341,68345,68351,68435,68437,68467,68470,68474,68477,68568,68570,68608,68611,68696,68698,68728,68734,68741,68745,68750,68759,68761,68846,68848,68877,68880,68888,68892,68896,68905,68928,68930,68952,68954,68968,68970,69030,69034,69039,69078,69080,69097,69099,69109,69208,69213,69217,69222,69265,69267,69295,69297,69311,69386,69388,69410,69414,69417,69422,69433,69438,69446,69449,69520,69522,69547,69604,69606,69627,69636,69644,69649,69651,69656,69677,69680,69755,69758,69772,69779,69781,69785,69791,69795,69805,69809,69816,69820,69826,69828,69853],[11,67904,67900],{"id":67905},"python-list-pop-method",[15,67907,67908,67910],{},[19,67909,53252],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[15,67912,67913],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[27,67915,67916,67919],{},[30,67917,67918],{},"delete an item from a list",[30,67920,67921],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[15,67923,67924,67925,67927,67928,6840,67930,67934],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[19,67926,10907],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[19,67929,10907],{},[373,67931,67932],{"href":53242},[19,67933,53699],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[43,67936,46],{"id":45},[48,67938,67940],{"className":50,"code":67939,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,67941,67942,67962,67977,67981,67992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67943,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67945,1724],{"class":285},[57,67947,289],{"class":76},[57,67949,1729],{"class":67},[57,67951,407],{"class":80},[57,67953,1081],{"class":67},[57,67955,5921],{"class":80},[57,67957,1081],{"class":67},[57,67959,5926],{"class":80},[57,67961,1742],{"class":67},[57,67963,67964,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,67965,67966],{"class":285},"last_item ",[57,67968,289],{"class":76},[57,67970,2380],{"class":285},[57,67972,498],{"class":67},[57,67974,24395],{"class":238},[57,67976,6778],{"class":67},[57,67978,67979],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,67980,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,67982,67983,67985,67987,67990],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,67984,64],{"class":63},[57,67986,68],{"class":67},[57,67988,67989],{"class":238},"last_item",[57,67991,242],{"class":67},[57,67993,67994,67996,67998,68000],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,67995,64],{"class":63},[57,67997,68],{"class":67},[57,67999,1756],{"class":238},[57,68001,242],{"class":67},[15,68003,131],{},[48,68005,68007],{"className":50,"code":68006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[19,68008,68009,68014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68010,68011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68012,68013],{"class":80},"30\n",[57,68015,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68017,2015],{"class":67},[57,68019,407],{"class":80},[57,68021,1081],{"class":67},[57,68023,5921],{"class":80},[57,68025,1742],{"class":67},[15,68027,154,68028,68030],{},[19,68029,10907],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[43,68032,68034],{"id":68033},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[15,68036,68037,68039],{},[19,68038,10907],{}," has two main jobs:",[27,68041,68042,68045],{},[30,68043,68044],{},"It removes one item from a list",[30,68046,68047],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[15,68049,41816],{},[27,68051,68052,68055,68058],{},[30,68053,68054],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[30,68056,68057],{},"It changes the original list",[30,68059,50915],{},[15,68061,275],{},[48,68063,68065],{"className":50,"code":68064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[19,68066,68067,68099,68103,68118,68122,68133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68068,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68070,11221],{"class":285},[57,68072,289],{"class":76},[57,68074,1729],{"class":67},[57,68076,939],{"class":938},[57,68078,11238],{"class":942},[57,68080,939],{"class":938},[57,68082,1081],{"class":67},[57,68084,1449],{"class":938},[57,68086,15605],{"class":942},[57,68088,939],{"class":938},[57,68090,1081],{"class":67},[57,68092,1449],{"class":938},[57,68094,11255],{"class":942},[57,68096,939],{"class":938},[57,68098,1742],{"class":67},[57,68100,68101],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68102,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68104,68105,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,68106,68107],{"class":285},"removed ",[57,68109,289],{"class":76},[57,68111,11269],{"class":285},[57,68113,498],{"class":67},[57,68115,24395],{"class":238},[57,68117,6778],{"class":67},[57,68119,68120],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,68121,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68123,68124,68126,68128,68131],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,68125,64],{"class":63},[57,68127,68],{"class":67},[57,68129,68130],{"class":238},"removed",[57,68132,242],{"class":67},[57,68134,68135,68137,68139,68141],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,68136,64],{"class":63},[57,68138,68],{"class":67},[57,68140,15652],{"class":238},[57,68142,242],{"class":67},[15,68144,131],{},[48,68146,68148],{"className":50,"code":68147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[19,68149,68150,68155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68151,68152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68153,68154],{"class":285},"blue\n",[57,68156,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68158,2015],{"class":67},[57,68160,1395],{"class":938},[57,68162,11238],{"class":942},[57,68164,1395],{"class":938},[57,68166,1081],{"class":67},[57,68168,1390],{"class":938},[57,68170,15605],{"class":942},[57,68172,1395],{"class":938},[57,68174,1742],{"class":67},[43,68176,221],{"id":220},[48,68178,68180],{"className":50,"code":68179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.pop([index])\n",[19,68181,68182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68183,68184,68186,68188,68190,68192,68194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68185,6226],{"class":990},[57,68187,498],{"class":67},[57,68189,24395],{"class":238},[57,68191,1075],{"class":67},[57,68193,34006],{"class":238},[57,68195,2003],{"class":67},[15,68197,17,68198,68200],{},[19,68199,34006],{}," is optional.",[27,68202,68203,68209,68215],{},[30,68204,68205,68206,68208],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[19,68207,10907],{}," removes the last item",[30,68210,68211,68212,68214],{},"If you give an index, ",[19,68213,10907],{}," removes the item at that position",[30,68216,68217],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[15,68219,275],{},[48,68221,68223],{"className":50,"code":68222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[19,68224,68225,68257,68261,68280,68284,68294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68226,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68228,34251],{"class":285},[57,68230,289],{"class":76},[57,68232,1729],{"class":67},[57,68234,939],{"class":938},[57,68236,373],{"class":942},[57,68238,939],{"class":938},[57,68240,1081],{"class":67},[57,68242,1449],{"class":938},[57,68244,2881],{"class":942},[57,68246,939],{"class":938},[57,68248,1081],{"class":67},[57,68250,1449],{"class":938},[57,68252,7877],{"class":942},[57,68254,939],{"class":938},[57,68256,1742],{"class":67},[57,68258,68259],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68260,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68262,68263,68265,68267,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,68264,26693],{"class":285},[57,68266,289],{"class":76},[57,68268,68269],{"class":285}," letters",[57,68271,498],{"class":67},[57,68273,24395],{"class":238},[57,68275,68],{"class":67},[57,68277,1078],{"class":80},[57,68279,242],{"class":67},[57,68281,68282],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,68283,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68285,68286,68288,68290,68292],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,68287,64],{"class":63},[57,68289,68],{"class":67},[57,68291,21463],{"class":238},[57,68293,242],{"class":67},[57,68295,68296,68298,68300,68302],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,68297,64],{"class":63},[57,68299,68],{"class":67},[57,68301,34304],{"class":238},[57,68303,242],{"class":67},[15,68305,131],{},[48,68307,68309],{"className":50,"code":68308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[19,68310,68311,68316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68312,68313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68314,68315],{"class":285},"b\n",[57,68317,68318,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68319,2015],{"class":67},[57,68321,1395],{"class":938},[57,68323,373],{"class":942},[57,68325,1395],{"class":938},[57,68327,1081],{"class":67},[57,68329,1390],{"class":938},[57,68331,7877],{"class":942},[57,68333,1395],{"class":938},[57,68335,1742],{"class":67},[15,68337,68338,68339,498],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[373,68340,50941],{"href":49148},[43,68342,68344],{"id":68343},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[15,68346,68347,68348,68350],{},"When you call ",[19,68349,10907],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[48,68352,68354],{"className":50,"code":68353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[19,68355,68356,68391,68395,68410,68414,68425],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68357,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366,68369,68371,68373,68375,68378,68380,68382,68384,68387,68389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68359,28053],{"class":285},[57,68361,289],{"class":76},[57,68363,1729],{"class":67},[57,68365,939],{"class":938},[57,68367,68368],{"class":942},"write",[57,68370,939],{"class":938},[57,68372,1081],{"class":67},[57,68374,1449],{"class":938},[57,68376,68377],{"class":942},"test",[57,68379,939],{"class":938},[57,68381,1081],{"class":67},[57,68383,1449],{"class":938},[57,68385,68386],{"class":942},"submit",[57,68388,939],{"class":938},[57,68390,1742],{"class":67},[57,68392,68393],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68394,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68396,68397,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,68398,68399],{"class":285},"last_task ",[57,68401,289],{"class":76},[57,68403,28131],{"class":285},[57,68405,498],{"class":67},[57,68407,24395],{"class":238},[57,68409,6778],{"class":67},[57,68411,68412],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,68413,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68415,68416,68418,68420,68423],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,68417,64],{"class":63},[57,68419,68],{"class":67},[57,68421,68422],{"class":238},"last_task",[57,68424,242],{"class":67},[57,68426,68427,68429,68431,68433],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,68428,64],{"class":63},[57,68430,68],{"class":67},[57,68432,34667],{"class":238},[57,68434,242],{"class":67},[15,68436,131],{},[48,68438,68440],{"className":50,"code":68439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[19,68441,68442,68447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68443,68444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68445,68446],{"class":285},"submit\n",[57,68448,68449,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461,68463,68465],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68450,2015],{"class":67},[57,68452,1395],{"class":938},[57,68454,68368],{"class":942},[57,68456,1395],{"class":938},[57,68458,1081],{"class":67},[57,68460,1390],{"class":938},[57,68462,68377],{"class":942},[57,68464,1395],{"class":938},[57,68466,1742],{"class":67},[15,68468,68469],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[43,68471,68473],{"id":68472},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[15,68475,68476],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[48,68478,68480],{"className":50,"code":68479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[19,68481,68482,68522,68526,68544,68548,68558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68483,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68485,34400],{"class":285},[57,68487,289],{"class":76},[57,68489,1729],{"class":67},[57,68491,939],{"class":938},[57,68493,2195],{"class":942},[57,68495,939],{"class":938},[57,68497,1081],{"class":67},[57,68499,1449],{"class":938},[57,68501,2204],{"class":942},[57,68503,939],{"class":938},[57,68505,1081],{"class":67},[57,68507,1449],{"class":938},[57,68509,2213],{"class":942},[57,68511,939],{"class":938},[57,68513,1081],{"class":67},[57,68515,1449],{"class":938},[57,68517,31378],{"class":942},[57,68519,939],{"class":938},[57,68521,1742],{"class":67},[57,68523,68524],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68525,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68527,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,68529,68107],{"class":285},[57,68531,289],{"class":76},[57,68533,51021],{"class":285},[57,68535,498],{"class":67},[57,68537,24395],{"class":238},[57,68539,68],{"class":67},[57,68541,1078],{"class":80},[57,68543,242],{"class":67},[57,68545,68546],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,68547,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68549,68550,68552,68554,68556],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,68551,64],{"class":63},[57,68553,68],{"class":67},[57,68555,68130],{"class":238},[57,68557,242],{"class":67},[57,68559,68560,68562,68564,68566],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,68561,64],{"class":63},[57,68563,68],{"class":67},[57,68565,34452],{"class":238},[57,68567,242],{"class":67},[15,68569,131],{},[48,68571,68573],{"className":50,"code":68572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[19,68574,68575,68580],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68576,68577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68578,68579],{"class":285},"banana\n",[57,68581,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68583,2015],{"class":67},[57,68585,1395],{"class":938},[57,68587,2195],{"class":942},[57,68589,1395],{"class":938},[57,68591,1081],{"class":67},[57,68593,1390],{"class":938},[57,68595,2213],{"class":942},[57,68597,1395],{"class":938},[57,68599,1081],{"class":67},[57,68601,1390],{"class":938},[57,68603,31378],{"class":942},[57,68605,1395],{"class":938},[57,68607,1742],{"class":67},[15,68609,68610],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[48,68612,68614],{"className":50,"code":68613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[19,68615,68616,68648,68652,68672,68676,68686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68617,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68619,34400],{"class":285},[57,68621,289],{"class":76},[57,68623,1729],{"class":67},[57,68625,939],{"class":938},[57,68627,2195],{"class":942},[57,68629,939],{"class":938},[57,68631,1081],{"class":67},[57,68633,1449],{"class":938},[57,68635,2204],{"class":942},[57,68637,939],{"class":938},[57,68639,1081],{"class":67},[57,68641,1449],{"class":938},[57,68643,2213],{"class":942},[57,68645,939],{"class":938},[57,68647,1742],{"class":67},[57,68649,68650],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68651,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68653,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,68655,68107],{"class":285},[57,68657,289],{"class":76},[57,68659,51021],{"class":285},[57,68661,498],{"class":67},[57,68663,24395],{"class":238},[57,68665,68],{"class":67},[57,68667,77],{"class":76},[57,68669,1078],{"class":80},[57,68671,242],{"class":67},[57,68673,68674],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,68675,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68677,68678,68680,68682,68684],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,68679,64],{"class":63},[57,68681,68],{"class":67},[57,68683,68130],{"class":238},[57,68685,242],{"class":67},[57,68687,68688,68690,68692,68694],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,68689,64],{"class":63},[57,68691,68],{"class":67},[57,68693,34452],{"class":238},[57,68695,242],{"class":67},[15,68697,131],{},[48,68699,68701],{"className":50,"code":68700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[19,68702,68703,68708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68704,68705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68706,68707],{"class":285},"cherry\n",[57,68709,68710,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68711,2015],{"class":67},[57,68713,1395],{"class":938},[57,68715,2195],{"class":942},[57,68717,1395],{"class":938},[57,68719,1081],{"class":67},[57,68721,1390],{"class":938},[57,68723,2204],{"class":942},[57,68725,1395],{"class":938},[57,68727,1742],{"class":67},[15,68729,68730,68731,68733],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[19,68732,64027],{}," means the last item.",[15,68735,68736,68737,498],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[373,68738,68739,8880],{"href":57136},[19,68740,63038],{},[43,68742,68744],{"id":68743},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[15,68746,68747,68749],{},[19,68748,10907],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[15,68751,68752,68753,2511,68755,498],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[19,68754,10907],{},[373,68756,68757],{"href":53242},[19,68758,53699],{},[15,68760,275],{},[48,68762,68764],{"className":50,"code":68763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[19,68765,68766,68798,68802,68821,68825,68836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68767,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68769,3116],{"class":285},[57,68771,289],{"class":76},[57,68773,1729],{"class":67},[57,68775,939],{"class":938},[57,68777,11025],{"class":942},[57,68779,939],{"class":938},[57,68781,1081],{"class":67},[57,68783,1449],{"class":938},[57,68785,34101],{"class":942},[57,68787,939],{"class":938},[57,68789,1081],{"class":67},[57,68791,1449],{"class":938},[57,68793,34110],{"class":942},[57,68795,939],{"class":938},[57,68797,1742],{"class":67},[57,68799,68800],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68801,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68803,68804,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,68805,68806],{"class":285},"removed_name ",[57,68808,289],{"class":76},[57,68810,67749],{"class":285},[57,68812,498],{"class":67},[57,68814,24395],{"class":238},[57,68816,68],{"class":67},[57,68818,182],{"class":80},[57,68820,242],{"class":67},[57,68822,68823],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,68824,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68826,68827,68829,68831,68834],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,68828,64],{"class":63},[57,68830,68],{"class":67},[57,68832,68833],{"class":238},"removed_name",[57,68835,242],{"class":67},[57,68837,68838,68840,68842,68844],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,68839,64],{"class":63},[57,68841,68],{"class":67},[57,68843,3160],{"class":238},[57,68845,242],{"class":67},[15,68847,131],{},[48,68849,68851],{"className":50,"code":68850,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[19,68852,68853,68857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68854,68855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68856,48208],{"class":285},[57,68858,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68860,2015],{"class":67},[57,68862,1395],{"class":938},[57,68864,34101],{"class":942},[57,68866,1395],{"class":938},[57,68868,1081],{"class":67},[57,68870,1390],{"class":938},[57,68872,34110],{"class":942},[57,68874,1395],{"class":938},[57,68876,1742],{"class":67},[15,68878,68879],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[15,68881,68882,68883,68885,68886,498],{},"By comparison, ",[19,68884,53699],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[19,68887,1890],{},[43,68889,68891],{"id":68890},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[616,68893,68895],{"id":68894},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[15,68897,68898,68899,68901,68902,498],{},"If the list is empty, ",[19,68900,10907],{}," raises an ",[19,68903,68904],{},"IndexError",[48,68906,68908],{"className":50,"code":68907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[19,68909,68910,68918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68911,68912,68914,68916],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68913,5910],{"class":285},[57,68915,289],{"class":76},[57,68917,5970],{"class":67},[57,68919,68920,68922,68924,68926],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68921,5941],{"class":285},[57,68923,498],{"class":67},[57,68925,24395],{"class":238},[57,68927,6778],{"class":67},[15,68929,131],{},[48,68931,68933],{"className":50,"code":68932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[19,68934,68935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68936,68937,68939,68941,68944,68947,68950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68938,68904],{"class":990},[57,68940,972],{"class":67},[57,68942,68943],{"class":285}," pop ",[57,68945,68946],{"class":1990},"from",[57,68948,68949],{"class":285}," empty ",[57,68951,48054],{"class":990},[15,68953,37425],{},[27,68955,68956,68961],{},[30,68957,68958,68959],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[19,68960,10907],{},[30,68962,68963,68964,2511,68966],{},"Or handle the error with ",[19,68965,27959],{},[19,68967,27990],{},[15,68969,275],{},[48,68971,68973],{"className":50,"code":68972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[19,68974,68975,68983,68987,68995,69009,69015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68976,68977,68979,68981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68978,5910],{"class":285},[57,68980,289],{"class":76},[57,68982,5970],{"class":67},[57,68984,68985],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,68986,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,68988,68989,68991,68993],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,68990,5126],{"class":1990},[57,68992,4091],{"class":285},[57,68994,4520],{"class":67},[57,68996,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,68998,6201],{"class":63},[57,69000,68],{"class":67},[57,69002,5941],{"class":238},[57,69004,498],{"class":67},[57,69006,24395],{"class":238},[57,69008,5323],{"class":67},[57,69010,69011,69013],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,69012,25588],{"class":1990},[57,69014,4520],{"class":67},[57,69016,69017,69019,69021,69023,69026,69028],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,69018,6201],{"class":63},[57,69020,68],{"class":67},[57,69022,939],{"class":938},[57,69024,69025],{"class":942},"The list is empty.",[57,69027,939],{"class":938},[57,69029,242],{"class":67},[616,69031,69033],{"id":69032},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[15,69035,69036,69037,498],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[19,69038,68904],{},[48,69040,69042],{"className":50,"code":69041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[19,69043,69044,69064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69045,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69047,1724],{"class":285},[57,69049,289],{"class":76},[57,69051,1729],{"class":67},[57,69053,407],{"class":80},[57,69055,1081],{"class":67},[57,69057,5921],{"class":80},[57,69059,1081],{"class":67},[57,69061,5926],{"class":80},[57,69063,1742],{"class":67},[57,69065,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69067,1756],{"class":285},[57,69069,498],{"class":67},[57,69071,24395],{"class":238},[57,69073,68],{"class":67},[57,69075,199],{"class":80},[57,69077,242],{"class":67},[15,69079,131],{},[48,69081,69083],{"className":50,"code":69082,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[19,69084,69085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69086,69087,69089,69091,69094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69088,68904],{"class":990},[57,69090,972],{"class":67},[57,69092,69093],{"class":285}," pop index out of ",[57,69095,69096],{"class":63},"range\n",[15,69098,37425],{},[27,69100,69101,69106],{},[30,69102,69103,69104],{},"Check the list length with ",[19,69105,40526],{},[30,69107,69108],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[48,69110,69112],{"className":50,"code":69111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[19,69113,69114,69134,69143,69147,69169,69187,69193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69115,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69117,1724],{"class":285},[57,69119,289],{"class":76},[57,69121,1729],{"class":67},[57,69123,407],{"class":80},[57,69125,1081],{"class":67},[57,69127,5921],{"class":80},[57,69129,1081],{"class":67},[57,69131,5926],{"class":80},[57,69133,1742],{"class":67},[57,69135,69136,69139,69141],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69137,69138],{"class":285},"index ",[57,69140,289],{"class":76},[57,69142,43756],{"class":80},[57,69144,69145],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,69146,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,69148,69149,69151,69153,69156,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,69150,5126],{"class":1990},[57,69152,1946],{"class":80},[57,69154,69155],{"class":76}," \u003C=",[57,69157,69158],{"class":285}," index ",[57,69160,1384],{"class":76},[57,69162,36549],{"class":63},[57,69164,68],{"class":67},[57,69166,1756],{"class":238},[57,69168,6475],{"class":67},[57,69170,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,69172,6201],{"class":63},[57,69174,68],{"class":67},[57,69176,1756],{"class":238},[57,69178,498],{"class":67},[57,69180,24395],{"class":238},[57,69182,68],{"class":67},[57,69184,34006],{"class":238},[57,69186,84],{"class":67},[57,69188,69189,69191],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,69190,25588],{"class":1990},[57,69192,4520],{"class":67},[57,69194,69195,69197,69199,69201,69204,69206],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,69196,6201],{"class":63},[57,69198,68],{"class":67},[57,69200,939],{"class":938},[57,69202,69203],{"class":942},"Index is out of range.",[57,69205,939],{"class":938},[57,69207,242],{"class":67},[15,69209,69210,69211,498],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[373,69212,67432],{"href":67431},[616,69214,69216],{"id":69215},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[15,69218,69219,69221],{},[19,69220,10907],{}," expects an integer index.",[48,69223,69225],{"className":50,"code":69224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[19,69226,69227,69247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69228,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69230,1724],{"class":285},[57,69232,289],{"class":76},[57,69234,1729],{"class":67},[57,69236,407],{"class":80},[57,69238,1081],{"class":67},[57,69240,5921],{"class":80},[57,69242,1081],{"class":67},[57,69244,5926],{"class":80},[57,69246,1742],{"class":67},[57,69248,69249,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69250,1756],{"class":285},[57,69252,498],{"class":67},[57,69254,24395],{"class":238},[57,69256,68],{"class":67},[57,69258,939],{"class":938},[57,69260,1078],{"class":942},[57,69262,939],{"class":938},[57,69264,242],{"class":67},[15,69266,131],{},[48,69268,69270],{"className":50,"code":69269,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[19,69271,69272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69273,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69289,69292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69275,1097],{"class":990},[57,69277,972],{"class":67},[57,69279,1390],{"class":938},[57,69281,1541],{"class":942},[57,69283,1395],{"class":938},[57,69285,22770],{"class":990},[57,69287,69288],{"class":285}," cannot be interpreted ",[57,69290,69291],{"class":1990},"as",[57,69293,69294],{"class":285}," an integer\n",[15,69296,37425],{},[27,69298,69299,69308],{},[30,69300,69301,69302,256,69304,260,69306],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[19,69303,182],{},[19,69305,1078],{},[19,69307,64027],{},[30,69309,69310],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[48,69312,69314],{"className":50,"code":69313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,69315,69316,69336,69354,69358,69376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69317,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69319,1724],{"class":285},[57,69321,289],{"class":76},[57,69323,1729],{"class":67},[57,69325,407],{"class":80},[57,69327,1081],{"class":67},[57,69329,5921],{"class":80},[57,69331,1081],{"class":67},[57,69333,5926],{"class":80},[57,69335,1742],{"class":67},[57,69337,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69339,69138],{"class":285},[57,69341,289],{"class":76},[57,69343,43443],{"class":990},[57,69345,68],{"class":67},[57,69347,939],{"class":938},[57,69349,1078],{"class":942},[57,69351,939],{"class":938},[57,69353,242],{"class":67},[57,69355,69356],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,69357,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,69359,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,69361,64],{"class":63},[57,69363,68],{"class":67},[57,69365,1756],{"class":238},[57,69367,498],{"class":67},[57,69369,24395],{"class":238},[57,69371,68],{"class":67},[57,69373,34006],{"class":238},[57,69375,84],{"class":67},[57,69377,69378,69380,69382,69384],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,69379,64],{"class":63},[57,69381,68],{"class":67},[57,69383,1756],{"class":238},[57,69385,242],{"class":67},[15,69387,131],{},[48,69389,69391],{"className":50,"code":69390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[19,69392,69393,69398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69394,69395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69396,69397],{"class":80},"20\n",[57,69399,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69401,2015],{"class":67},[57,69403,407],{"class":80},[57,69405,1081],{"class":67},[57,69407,5926],{"class":80},[57,69409,1742],{"class":67},[43,69411,69413],{"id":69412},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[15,69415,69416],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[616,69418,154,69420,8740],{"id":69419},"use-pop-when",[19,69421,10907],{},[27,69423,69424,69427,69430],{},[30,69425,69426],{},"you want to remove by index",[30,69428,69429],{},"you want the removed item returned",[30,69431,69432],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[616,69434,154,69436,8740],{"id":69435},"use-remove-when",[19,69437,53699],{},[27,69439,69440,69443],{},[30,69441,69442],{},"you want to remove by value",[30,69444,69445],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[15,69447,69448],{},"Compare these examples:",[48,69450,69452],{"className":50,"code":69451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,69453,69454,69478,69482,69500,69510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69455,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69457,1724],{"class":285},[57,69459,289],{"class":76},[57,69461,1729],{"class":67},[57,69463,407],{"class":80},[57,69465,1081],{"class":67},[57,69467,5921],{"class":80},[57,69469,1081],{"class":67},[57,69471,5926],{"class":80},[57,69473,1081],{"class":67},[57,69475,5921],{"class":80},[57,69477,1742],{"class":67},[57,69479,69480],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69481,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,69483,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,69485,68107],{"class":285},[57,69487,289],{"class":76},[57,69489,2380],{"class":285},[57,69491,498],{"class":67},[57,69493,24395],{"class":238},[57,69495,68],{"class":67},[57,69497,1078],{"class":80},[57,69499,242],{"class":67},[57,69501,69502,69504,69506,69508],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,69503,64],{"class":63},[57,69505,68],{"class":67},[57,69507,68130],{"class":238},[57,69509,242],{"class":67},[57,69511,69512,69514,69516,69518],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,69513,64],{"class":63},[57,69515,68],{"class":67},[57,69517,1756],{"class":238},[57,69519,242],{"class":67},[15,69521,131],{},[48,69523,69525],{"className":50,"code":69524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[19,69526,69527,69531],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69528,69529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69530,69397],{"class":80},[57,69532,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69534,2015],{"class":67},[57,69536,407],{"class":80},[57,69538,1081],{"class":67},[57,69540,5926],{"class":80},[57,69542,1081],{"class":67},[57,69544,5921],{"class":80},[57,69546,1742],{"class":67},[48,69548,69550],{"className":50,"code":69549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,69551,69552,69576,69580,69594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69553,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572,69574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69555,1724],{"class":285},[57,69557,289],{"class":76},[57,69559,1729],{"class":67},[57,69561,407],{"class":80},[57,69563,1081],{"class":67},[57,69565,5921],{"class":80},[57,69567,1081],{"class":67},[57,69569,5926],{"class":80},[57,69571,1081],{"class":67},[57,69573,5921],{"class":80},[57,69575,1742],{"class":67},[57,69577,69578],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69579,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,69581,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,69583,1756],{"class":285},[57,69585,498],{"class":67},[57,69587,32953],{"class":238},[57,69589,68],{"class":67},[57,69591,13902],{"class":80},[57,69593,242],{"class":67},[57,69595,69596,69598,69600,69602],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,69597,64],{"class":63},[57,69599,68],{"class":67},[57,69601,1756],{"class":238},[57,69603,242],{"class":67},[15,69605,131],{},[48,69607,69609],{"className":50,"code":69608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[19,69610,69611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69612,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69614,2015],{"class":67},[57,69616,407],{"class":80},[57,69618,1081],{"class":67},[57,69620,5926],{"class":80},[57,69622,1081],{"class":67},[57,69624,5921],{"class":80},[57,69626,1742],{"class":67},[15,69628,69629,69630,69633,69634,498],{},"In the first example, ",[19,69631,69632],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[19,69635,1078],{},[15,69637,54775,69638,69641,69642,498],{},[19,69639,69640],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[19,69643,13902],{},[15,69645,69646,69647,498],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[373,69648,53238],{"href":53237},[43,69650,913],{"id":912},[15,69652,69653,69654,972],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[19,69655,10907],{},[27,69657,69658,69661,69664,69670,69674],{},[30,69659,69660],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[30,69662,69663],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[30,69665,35366,69666,6840,69668],{},[19,69667,10907],{},[19,69669,53699],{},[30,69671,6587,69672,60144],{},[19,69673,10907],{},[30,69675,69676],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[15,69678,69679],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[48,69681,69683],{"className":50,"code":69682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[19,69684,69685,69695,69709,69723,69741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69686,69687,69689,69691,69693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69688,64],{"class":63},[57,69690,68],{"class":67},[57,69692,6472],{"class":238},[57,69694,242],{"class":67},[57,69696,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69698,64],{"class":63},[57,69700,68],{"class":67},[57,69702,9302],{"class":63},[57,69704,68],{"class":67},[57,69706,6472],{"class":238},[57,69708,84],{"class":67},[57,69710,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,69712,64],{"class":63},[57,69714,68],{"class":67},[57,69716,6472],{"class":238},[57,69718,498],{"class":67},[57,69720,24395],{"class":238},[57,69722,5323],{"class":67},[57,69724,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,69726,64],{"class":63},[57,69728,68],{"class":67},[57,69730,6472],{"class":238},[57,69732,498],{"class":67},[57,69734,24395],{"class":238},[57,69736,68],{"class":67},[57,69738,182],{"class":80},[57,69740,84],{"class":67},[57,69742,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,69744,64],{"class":63},[57,69746,68],{"class":67},[57,69748,1315],{"class":990},[57,69750,68],{"class":67},[57,69752,34006],{"class":238},[57,69754,84],{"class":67},[15,69756,69757],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[27,69759,69760,69766],{},[30,69761,69762,69765],{},[19,69763,69764],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[30,69767,69768,69771],{},[19,69769,69770],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[15,69773,69774,69775,69778],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[19,69776,69777],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[43,69780,1554],{"id":1553},[616,69782,69784],{"id":69783},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[15,69786,69787,69788,69790],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[19,69789,10907],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[616,69792,69794],{"id":69793},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[15,69796,69797,69799,69800,69802,69803,498],{},[19,69798,10907],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[19,69801,53699],{}," removes by value and returns ",[19,69804,1890],{},[616,69806,69808],{"id":69807},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[15,69810,69811,69812,69815],{},"Yes. For example, ",[19,69813,69814],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[616,69817,69819],{"id":69818},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[15,69821,69822,69823,69825],{},"Python raises ",[19,69824,68904],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[43,69827,1602],{"id":1601},[27,69829,69830,69834,69839,69844,69849],{},[30,69831,69832],{},[373,69833,53685],{"href":53237},[30,69835,69836],{},[373,69837,69838],{"href":53242},"Python list remove() method",[30,69840,69841],{},[373,69842,69843],{"href":57136},"Python list index() method",[30,69845,69846],{},[373,69847,69848],{"href":49148},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[30,69850,69851],{},[373,69852,67432],{"href":67431},[1634,69854,69855],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":69857},[69858,69859,69860,69861,69862,69863,69864,69869,69875,69876,69882],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":68033,"depth":87,"text":68034},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":68343,"depth":87,"text":68344},{"id":68472,"depth":87,"text":68473},{"id":68743,"depth":87,"text":68744},{"id":68890,"depth":87,"text":68891,"children":69865},[69866,69867,69868],{"id":68894,"depth":103,"text":68895},{"id":69032,"depth":103,"text":69033},{"id":69215,"depth":103,"text":69216},{"id":69412,"depth":87,"text":69413,"children":69870},[69871,69873],{"id":69419,"depth":103,"text":69872},"Use pop() when:",{"id":69435,"depth":103,"text":69874},"Use remove() when:",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":69877},[69878,69879,69880,69881],{"id":69783,"depth":103,"text":69784},{"id":69793,"depth":103,"text":69794},{"id":69807,"depth":103,"text":69808},{"id":69818,"depth":103,"text":69819},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":67900,"description":69883},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":69890,"title":69891,"body":69892,"description":71678,"extension":1666,"meta":71679,"navigation":317,"path":71680,"seo":71681,"stem":71682,"__hash__":71683},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":8,"value":69893,"toc":71660},[69894,69897,69902,69908,69910,69980,69986,69990,69995,70016,70019,70086,70088,70109,70117,70119,70138,70154,70156,70221,70223,70248,70250,70252,70317,70319,70344,70346,70360,70363,70416,70418,70439,70443,70451,70524,70526,70559,70565,70571,70662,70664,70689,70695,70784,70786,70810,70812,70816,70871,70873,70905,70908,70911,71005,71007,71040,71046,71052,71056,71063,71089,71093,71158,71160,71185,71189,71270,71272,71301,71306,71311,71317,71321,71328,71350,71354,71413,71415,71439,71448,71453,71455,71459,71488,71490,71565,71568,71582,71588,71590,71594,71597,71601,71606,71610,71619,71623,71631,71633,71657],[11,69895,69891],{"id":69896},"python-list-remove-method",[15,69898,17,69899,69901],{},[19,69900,53245],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[15,69903,69904,69905,69907],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[1854,69906,552],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[43,69909,46],{"id":45},[48,69911,69913],{"className":50,"code":69912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[19,69914,69915,69947,69965,69975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69916,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69918,5910],{"class":285},[57,69920,289],{"class":76},[57,69922,1729],{"class":67},[57,69924,939],{"class":938},[57,69926,2195],{"class":942},[57,69928,939],{"class":938},[57,69930,1081],{"class":67},[57,69932,1449],{"class":938},[57,69934,2204],{"class":942},[57,69936,939],{"class":938},[57,69938,1081],{"class":67},[57,69940,1449],{"class":938},[57,69942,31378],{"class":942},[57,69944,939],{"class":938},[57,69946,1742],{"class":67},[57,69948,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,69950,5941],{"class":285},[57,69952,498],{"class":67},[57,69954,32953],{"class":238},[57,69956,68],{"class":67},[57,69958,939],{"class":938},[57,69960,2204],{"class":942},[57,69962,939],{"class":938},[57,69964,242],{"class":67},[57,69966,69967,69969,69971,69973],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,69968,64],{"class":63},[57,69970,68],{"class":67},[57,69972,5941],{"class":238},[57,69974,242],{"class":67},[57,69976,69977],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,69978,69979],{"class":1772},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,69981,154,69982,69985],{},[19,69983,69984],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[43,69987,69989],{"id":69988},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[15,69991,69992,69994],{},[19,69993,53699],{}," is a list method that:",[27,69996,69997,70003,70008,70013],{},[30,69998,69999,70000,70002],{},"Deletes the ",[1854,70001,28064],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[30,70004,70005,70006],{},"Changes the original list ",[1854,70007,9475],{},[30,70009,10848,70010,70012],{},[1854,70011,2750],{}," return a new list",[30,70014,70015],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[15,70017,70018],{},"This is important for beginners:",[48,70020,70022],{"className":50,"code":70021,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[19,70023,70024,70044,70062,70066,70076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70025,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70027,1724],{"class":285},[57,70029,289],{"class":76},[57,70031,1729],{"class":67},[57,70033,1078],{"class":80},[57,70035,1081],{"class":67},[57,70037,1084],{"class":80},[57,70039,1081],{"class":67},[57,70041,530],{"class":80},[57,70043,1742],{"class":67},[57,70045,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70047,300],{"class":285},[57,70049,289],{"class":76},[57,70051,2380],{"class":285},[57,70053,498],{"class":67},[57,70055,32953],{"class":238},[57,70057,68],{"class":67},[57,70059,116],{"class":80},[57,70061,242],{"class":67},[57,70063,70064],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70065,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,70067,70068,70070,70072,70074],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,70069,64],{"class":63},[57,70071,68],{"class":67},[57,70073,1756],{"class":238},[57,70075,242],{"class":67},[57,70077,70078,70080,70082,70084],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,70079,64],{"class":63},[57,70081,68],{"class":67},[57,70083,339],{"class":238},[57,70085,242],{"class":67},[15,70087,131],{},[48,70089,70091],{"className":50,"code":70090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[19,70092,70093,70105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70096,2015],{"class":67},[57,70098,1078],{"class":80},[57,70100,1081],{"class":67},[57,70102,530],{"class":80},[57,70104,1742],{"class":67},[57,70106,70107],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70108,9951],{"class":1965},[15,70110,70111,70112,70114,70115,498],{},"The list changed, but ",[19,70113,53699],{}," itself returned ",[19,70116,1890],{},[43,70118,3555],{"id":3554},[48,70120,70122],{"className":50,"code":70121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.remove(value)\n",[19,70123,70124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70125,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70127,6226],{"class":990},[57,70129,498],{"class":67},[57,70131,32953],{"class":238},[57,70133,68],{"class":67},[57,70135,552],{"class":238},[57,70137,242],{"class":67},[27,70139,70140,70145,70148],{},[30,70141,70142,70144],{},[19,70143,552],{}," is the item you want to delete",[30,70146,70147],{},"Python searches from left to right",[30,70149,70150,70151,70153],{},"Only the ",[1854,70152,28064],{}," matching value is removed",[15,70155,275],{},[48,70157,70159],{"className":50,"code":70158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,70160,70161,70193,70211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70162,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70164,34251],{"class":285},[57,70166,289],{"class":76},[57,70168,1729],{"class":67},[57,70170,939],{"class":938},[57,70172,373],{"class":942},[57,70174,939],{"class":938},[57,70176,1081],{"class":67},[57,70178,1449],{"class":938},[57,70180,2881],{"class":942},[57,70182,939],{"class":938},[57,70184,1081],{"class":67},[57,70186,1449],{"class":938},[57,70188,7877],{"class":942},[57,70190,939],{"class":938},[57,70192,1742],{"class":67},[57,70194,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70196,34304],{"class":285},[57,70198,498],{"class":67},[57,70200,32953],{"class":238},[57,70202,68],{"class":67},[57,70204,939],{"class":938},[57,70206,2881],{"class":942},[57,70208,939],{"class":938},[57,70210,242],{"class":67},[57,70212,70213,70215,70217,70219],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70214,64],{"class":63},[57,70216,68],{"class":67},[57,70218,34304],{"class":238},[57,70220,242],{"class":67},[15,70222,131],{},[48,70224,70226],{"className":50,"code":70225,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'c']\n",[19,70227,70228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70229,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70231,2015],{"class":67},[57,70233,1395],{"class":938},[57,70235,373],{"class":942},[57,70237,1395],{"class":938},[57,70239,1081],{"class":67},[57,70241,1390],{"class":938},[57,70243,7877],{"class":942},[57,70245,1395],{"class":938},[57,70247,1742],{"class":67},[43,70249,3912],{"id":3911},[15,70251,63347],{},[48,70253,70255],{"className":50,"code":70254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[19,70256,70257,70289,70307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70258,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70260,11221],{"class":285},[57,70262,289],{"class":76},[57,70264,1729],{"class":67},[57,70266,939],{"class":938},[57,70268,11238],{"class":942},[57,70270,939],{"class":938},[57,70272,1081],{"class":67},[57,70274,1449],{"class":938},[57,70276,11255],{"class":942},[57,70278,939],{"class":938},[57,70280,1081],{"class":67},[57,70282,1449],{"class":938},[57,70284,15605],{"class":942},[57,70286,939],{"class":938},[57,70288,1742],{"class":67},[57,70290,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70292,15652],{"class":285},[57,70294,498],{"class":67},[57,70296,32953],{"class":238},[57,70298,68],{"class":67},[57,70300,939],{"class":938},[57,70302,11255],{"class":942},[57,70304,939],{"class":938},[57,70306,242],{"class":67},[57,70308,70309,70311,70313,70315],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70310,64],{"class":63},[57,70312,68],{"class":67},[57,70314,15652],{"class":238},[57,70316,242],{"class":67},[15,70318,131],{},[48,70320,70322],{"className":50,"code":70321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'green']\n",[19,70323,70324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70325,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70327,2015],{"class":67},[57,70329,1395],{"class":938},[57,70331,11238],{"class":942},[57,70333,1395],{"class":938},[57,70335,1081],{"class":67},[57,70337,1390],{"class":938},[57,70339,15605],{"class":942},[57,70341,1395],{"class":938},[57,70343,1742],{"class":67},[15,70345,9826],{},[27,70347,70348,70351,70357],{},[30,70349,70350],{},"A list is created with three values",[30,70352,70353,70356],{},[19,70354,70355],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[30,70358,70359],{},"The list is printed after the change",[15,70361,70362],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[48,70364,70366],{"className":50,"code":70365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[19,70367,70368,70392,70406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70369,70370,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70371,3185],{"class":285},[57,70373,289],{"class":76},[57,70375,1729],{"class":67},[57,70377,407],{"class":80},[57,70379,1081],{"class":67},[57,70381,5921],{"class":80},[57,70383,1081],{"class":67},[57,70385,5926],{"class":80},[57,70387,1081],{"class":67},[57,70389,49012],{"class":80},[57,70391,1742],{"class":67},[57,70393,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70395,14537],{"class":285},[57,70397,498],{"class":67},[57,70399,32953],{"class":238},[57,70401,68],{"class":67},[57,70403,35003],{"class":80},[57,70405,242],{"class":67},[57,70407,70408,70410,70412,70414],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70409,64],{"class":63},[57,70411,68],{"class":67},[57,70413,14537],{"class":238},[57,70415,242],{"class":67},[15,70417,131],{},[48,70419,70421],{"className":50,"code":70420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[19,70422,70423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70424,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70426,2015],{"class":67},[57,70428,407],{"class":80},[57,70430,1081],{"class":67},[57,70432,5921],{"class":80},[57,70434,1081],{"class":67},[57,70436,49012],{"class":80},[57,70438,1742],{"class":67},[43,70440,70442],{"id":70441},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[15,70444,63337,70445,70447,70448,70450],{},[19,70446,53699],{}," deletes only the ",[1854,70449,28064],{}," one.",[48,70452,70454],{"className":50,"code":70453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[19,70455,70456,70496,70514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70457,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70459,5910],{"class":285},[57,70461,289],{"class":76},[57,70463,1729],{"class":67},[57,70465,939],{"class":938},[57,70467,2195],{"class":942},[57,70469,939],{"class":938},[57,70471,1081],{"class":67},[57,70473,1449],{"class":938},[57,70475,2204],{"class":942},[57,70477,939],{"class":938},[57,70479,1081],{"class":67},[57,70481,1449],{"class":938},[57,70483,2195],{"class":942},[57,70485,939],{"class":938},[57,70487,1081],{"class":67},[57,70489,1449],{"class":938},[57,70491,31378],{"class":942},[57,70493,939],{"class":938},[57,70495,1742],{"class":67},[57,70497,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506,70508,70510,70512],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70499,5941],{"class":285},[57,70501,498],{"class":67},[57,70503,32953],{"class":238},[57,70505,68],{"class":67},[57,70507,939],{"class":938},[57,70509,2195],{"class":942},[57,70511,939],{"class":938},[57,70513,242],{"class":67},[57,70515,70516,70518,70520,70522],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70517,64],{"class":63},[57,70519,68],{"class":67},[57,70521,5941],{"class":238},[57,70523,242],{"class":67},[15,70525,131],{},[48,70527,70529],{"className":50,"code":70528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[19,70530,70531],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70532,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70534,2015],{"class":67},[57,70536,1395],{"class":938},[57,70538,2204],{"class":942},[57,70540,1395],{"class":938},[57,70542,1081],{"class":67},[57,70544,1390],{"class":938},[57,70546,2195],{"class":942},[57,70548,1395],{"class":938},[57,70550,1081],{"class":67},[57,70552,1390],{"class":938},[57,70554,31378],{"class":942},[57,70556,1395],{"class":938},[57,70558,1742],{"class":67},[15,70560,70561,70562,70564],{},"Only the first ",[19,70563,56004],{}," was removed.",[15,70566,70567,70568,70570],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[19,70569,53699],{}," again:",[48,70572,70574],{"className":50,"code":70573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[19,70575,70576,70616,70634,70652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70577,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70579,5910],{"class":285},[57,70581,289],{"class":76},[57,70583,1729],{"class":67},[57,70585,939],{"class":938},[57,70587,2195],{"class":942},[57,70589,939],{"class":938},[57,70591,1081],{"class":67},[57,70593,1449],{"class":938},[57,70595,2204],{"class":942},[57,70597,939],{"class":938},[57,70599,1081],{"class":67},[57,70601,1449],{"class":938},[57,70603,2195],{"class":942},[57,70605,939],{"class":938},[57,70607,1081],{"class":67},[57,70609,1449],{"class":938},[57,70611,31378],{"class":942},[57,70613,939],{"class":938},[57,70615,1742],{"class":67},[57,70617,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630,70632],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70619,5941],{"class":285},[57,70621,498],{"class":67},[57,70623,32953],{"class":238},[57,70625,68],{"class":67},[57,70627,939],{"class":938},[57,70629,2195],{"class":942},[57,70631,939],{"class":938},[57,70633,242],{"class":67},[57,70635,70636,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70637,5941],{"class":285},[57,70639,498],{"class":67},[57,70641,32953],{"class":238},[57,70643,68],{"class":67},[57,70645,939],{"class":938},[57,70647,2195],{"class":942},[57,70649,939],{"class":938},[57,70651,242],{"class":67},[57,70653,70654,70656,70658,70660],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,70655,64],{"class":63},[57,70657,68],{"class":67},[57,70659,5941],{"class":238},[57,70661,242],{"class":67},[15,70663,131],{},[48,70665,70667],{"className":50,"code":70666,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[19,70668,70669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70670,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70672,2015],{"class":67},[57,70674,1395],{"class":938},[57,70676,2204],{"class":942},[57,70678,1395],{"class":938},[57,70680,1081],{"class":67},[57,70682,1390],{"class":938},[57,70684,31378],{"class":942},[57,70686,1395],{"class":938},[57,70688,1742],{"class":67},[15,70690,70691,70692,70694],{},"If you need to remove ",[1854,70693,1826],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[48,70696,70698],{"className":50,"code":70697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[19,70699,70700,70740,70774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70701,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736,70738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70703,5910],{"class":285},[57,70705,289],{"class":76},[57,70707,1729],{"class":67},[57,70709,939],{"class":938},[57,70711,2195],{"class":942},[57,70713,939],{"class":938},[57,70715,1081],{"class":67},[57,70717,1449],{"class":938},[57,70719,2204],{"class":942},[57,70721,939],{"class":938},[57,70723,1081],{"class":67},[57,70725,1449],{"class":938},[57,70727,2195],{"class":942},[57,70729,939],{"class":938},[57,70731,1081],{"class":67},[57,70733,1449],{"class":938},[57,70735,31378],{"class":942},[57,70737,939],{"class":938},[57,70739,1742],{"class":67},[57,70741,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70759,70761,70763,70766,70768,70770,70772],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70743,5910],{"class":285},[57,70745,289],{"class":76},[57,70747,1729],{"class":67},[57,70749,26693],{"class":285},[57,70751,4083],{"class":1990},[57,70753,4086],{"class":285},[57,70755,1997],{"class":1990},[57,70757,70758],{"class":285}," items ",[57,70760,5126],{"class":1990},[57,70762,4086],{"class":285},[57,70764,70765],{"class":76},"!=",[57,70767,1449],{"class":938},[57,70769,2195],{"class":942},[57,70771,939],{"class":938},[57,70773,1742],{"class":67},[57,70775,70776,70778,70780,70782],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70777,64],{"class":63},[57,70779,68],{"class":67},[57,70781,5941],{"class":238},[57,70783,242],{"class":67},[15,70785,131],{},[48,70787,70788],{"className":50,"code":70666,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,70789,70790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70791,70792,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802,70804,70806,70808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70793,2015],{"class":67},[57,70795,1395],{"class":938},[57,70797,2204],{"class":942},[57,70799,1395],{"class":938},[57,70801,1081],{"class":67},[57,70803,1390],{"class":938},[57,70805,31378],{"class":942},[57,70807,1395],{"class":938},[57,70809,1742],{"class":67},[43,70811,63803],{"id":63802},[15,70813,63806,70814,498],{},[19,70815,38868],{},[48,70817,70819],{"className":50,"code":70818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[19,70820,70821,70853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70822,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70824,5910],{"class":285},[57,70826,289],{"class":76},[57,70828,1729],{"class":67},[57,70830,939],{"class":938},[57,70832,2195],{"class":942},[57,70834,939],{"class":938},[57,70836,1081],{"class":67},[57,70838,1449],{"class":938},[57,70840,2204],{"class":942},[57,70842,939],{"class":938},[57,70844,1081],{"class":67},[57,70846,1449],{"class":938},[57,70848,31378],{"class":942},[57,70850,939],{"class":938},[57,70852,1742],{"class":67},[57,70854,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70856,5941],{"class":285},[57,70858,498],{"class":67},[57,70860,32953],{"class":238},[57,70862,68],{"class":67},[57,70864,939],{"class":938},[57,70866,20685],{"class":942},[57,70868,939],{"class":938},[57,70870,242],{"class":67},[15,70872,131],{},[48,70874,70876],{"className":50,"code":70875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[19,70877,70878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70879,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900,70902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70881,38868],{"class":990},[57,70883,972],{"class":67},[57,70885,20712],{"class":990},[57,70887,498],{"class":67},[57,70889,32953],{"class":238},[57,70891,68],{"class":67},[57,70893,239],{"class":238},[57,70895,14600],{"class":67},[57,70897,1994],{"class":285},[57,70899,2750],{"class":76},[57,70901,19325],{"class":76},[57,70903,70904],{"class":990}," list\n",[15,70906,70907],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[15,70909,70910],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[48,70912,70914],{"className":50,"code":70913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,70915,70916,70948,70960,70964,70976,70991,70995],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70917,70918,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928,70930,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944,70946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70919,5910],{"class":285},[57,70921,289],{"class":76},[57,70923,1729],{"class":67},[57,70925,939],{"class":938},[57,70927,2195],{"class":942},[57,70929,939],{"class":938},[57,70931,1081],{"class":67},[57,70933,1449],{"class":938},[57,70935,2204],{"class":942},[57,70937,939],{"class":938},[57,70939,1081],{"class":67},[57,70941,1449],{"class":938},[57,70943,31378],{"class":942},[57,70945,939],{"class":938},[57,70947,1742],{"class":67},[57,70949,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,70951,525],{"class":285},[57,70953,289],{"class":76},[57,70955,1449],{"class":938},[57,70957,20685],{"class":942},[57,70959,1455],{"class":938},[57,70961,70962],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,70963,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,70965,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,70967,5126],{"class":1990},[57,70969,19736],{"class":285},[57,70971,1997],{"class":76},[57,70973,4091],{"class":285},[57,70975,4520],{"class":67},[57,70977,70978,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,70979,70980],{"class":285},"    items",[57,70982,498],{"class":67},[57,70984,32953],{"class":238},[57,70986,68],{"class":67},[57,70988,552],{"class":238},[57,70990,242],{"class":67},[57,70992,70993],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,70994,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,70996,70997,70999,71001,71003],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,70998,64],{"class":63},[57,71000,68],{"class":67},[57,71002,5941],{"class":238},[57,71004,242],{"class":67},[15,71006,131],{},[48,71008,71010],{"className":50,"code":71009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[19,71011,71012],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71013,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71015,2015],{"class":67},[57,71017,1395],{"class":938},[57,71019,2195],{"class":942},[57,71021,1395],{"class":938},[57,71023,1081],{"class":67},[57,71025,1390],{"class":938},[57,71027,2204],{"class":942},[57,71029,1395],{"class":938},[57,71031,1081],{"class":67},[57,71033,1390],{"class":938},[57,71035,31378],{"class":942},[57,71037,1395],{"class":938},[57,71039,1742],{"class":67},[15,71041,71042,71043,71045],{},"This avoids the error because ",[19,71044,53699],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[15,71047,71048,71049,498],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[373,71050,64012],{"href":71051},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[43,71053,71055],{"id":71054},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[15,71057,71058,2511,71060,71062],{},[19,71059,53699],{},[19,71061,10907],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[27,71064,71065,71072,71078,71084],{},[30,71066,71067,71069,71070],{},[19,71068,53699],{}," deletes by ",[1854,71071,552],{},[30,71073,71074,71069,71076],{},[19,71075,10907],{},[1854,71077,34006],{},[30,71079,71080,474,71082],{},[19,71081,53699],{},[19,71083,1890],{},[30,71085,71086,71088],{},[19,71087,10907],{}," returns the removed item",[15,71090,44207,71091,972],{},[19,71092,53699],{},[48,71094,71096],{"className":50,"code":71095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[19,71097,71098,71130,71148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71099,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71101,5910],{"class":285},[57,71103,289],{"class":76},[57,71105,1729],{"class":67},[57,71107,939],{"class":938},[57,71109,2195],{"class":942},[57,71111,939],{"class":938},[57,71113,1081],{"class":67},[57,71115,1449],{"class":938},[57,71117,2204],{"class":942},[57,71119,939],{"class":938},[57,71121,1081],{"class":67},[57,71123,1449],{"class":938},[57,71125,31378],{"class":942},[57,71127,939],{"class":938},[57,71129,1742],{"class":67},[57,71131,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71133,5941],{"class":285},[57,71135,498],{"class":67},[57,71137,32953],{"class":238},[57,71139,68],{"class":67},[57,71141,939],{"class":938},[57,71143,2204],{"class":942},[57,71145,939],{"class":938},[57,71147,242],{"class":67},[57,71149,71150,71152,71154,71156],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,71151,64],{"class":63},[57,71153,68],{"class":67},[57,71155,5941],{"class":238},[57,71157,242],{"class":67},[15,71159,131],{},[48,71161,71163],{"className":50,"code":71162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[19,71164,71165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71166,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71168,2015],{"class":67},[57,71170,1395],{"class":938},[57,71172,2195],{"class":942},[57,71174,1395],{"class":938},[57,71176,1081],{"class":67},[57,71178,1390],{"class":938},[57,71180,31378],{"class":942},[57,71182,1395],{"class":938},[57,71184,1742],{"class":67},[15,71186,44207,71187,972],{},[19,71188,10907],{},[48,71190,71192],{"className":50,"code":71191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[19,71193,71194,71226,71245,71249,71259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71195,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71197,5910],{"class":285},[57,71199,289],{"class":76},[57,71201,1729],{"class":67},[57,71203,939],{"class":938},[57,71205,2195],{"class":942},[57,71207,939],{"class":938},[57,71209,1081],{"class":67},[57,71211,1449],{"class":938},[57,71213,2204],{"class":942},[57,71215,939],{"class":938},[57,71217,1081],{"class":67},[57,71219,1449],{"class":938},[57,71221,31378],{"class":942},[57,71223,939],{"class":938},[57,71225,1742],{"class":67},[57,71227,71228,71231,71233,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71229,71230],{"class":285},"removed_item ",[57,71232,289],{"class":76},[57,71234,4091],{"class":285},[57,71236,498],{"class":67},[57,71238,24395],{"class":238},[57,71240,68],{"class":67},[57,71242,1078],{"class":80},[57,71244,242],{"class":67},[57,71246,71247],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,71248,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,71250,71251,71253,71255,71257],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,71252,64],{"class":63},[57,71254,68],{"class":67},[57,71256,5941],{"class":238},[57,71258,242],{"class":67},[57,71260,71261,71263,71265,71268],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,71262,64],{"class":63},[57,71264,68],{"class":67},[57,71266,71267],{"class":238},"removed_item",[57,71269,242],{"class":67},[15,71271,131],{},[48,71273,71275],{"className":50,"code":71274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[19,71276,71277,71297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71278,71279,71281,71283,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71280,2015],{"class":67},[57,71282,1395],{"class":938},[57,71284,2195],{"class":942},[57,71286,1395],{"class":938},[57,71288,1081],{"class":67},[57,71290,1390],{"class":938},[57,71292,31378],{"class":942},[57,71294,1395],{"class":938},[57,71296,1742],{"class":67},[57,71298,71299],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71300,68579],{"class":285},[15,71302,154,71303,71305],{},[19,71304,53699],{}," when you know the item value.",[15,71307,154,71308,71310],{},[19,71309,10907],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[15,71312,71313,71314,498],{},"For more detail, see the ",[373,71315,71316],{"href":53249},"Python list pop() method",[43,71318,71320],{"id":71319},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[15,71322,71323,2511,71325,71327],{},[19,71324,53699],{},[19,71326,25179],{}," are also different.",[27,71329,71330,71335,71340,71345],{},[30,71331,71332,71334],{},[19,71333,53699],{}," deletes by matching value",[30,71336,71337,71339],{},[19,71338,25179],{}," deletes by index or slice",[30,71341,154,71342,71344],{},[19,71343,25179],{}," when you know the position",[30,71346,154,71347,71349],{},[19,71348,53699],{}," when you know the item value",[15,71351,44207,71352,972],{},[19,71353,25179],{},[48,71355,71357],{"className":50,"code":71356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[19,71358,71359,71391,71403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71360,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71362,5910],{"class":285},[57,71364,289],{"class":76},[57,71366,1729],{"class":67},[57,71368,939],{"class":938},[57,71370,2195],{"class":942},[57,71372,939],{"class":938},[57,71374,1081],{"class":67},[57,71376,1449],{"class":938},[57,71378,2204],{"class":942},[57,71380,939],{"class":938},[57,71382,1081],{"class":67},[57,71384,1449],{"class":938},[57,71386,31378],{"class":942},[57,71388,939],{"class":938},[57,71390,1742],{"class":67},[57,71392,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71394,25179],{"class":1990},[57,71396,4091],{"class":285},[57,71398,2015],{"class":67},[57,71400,1078],{"class":80},[57,71402,1742],{"class":67},[57,71404,71405,71407,71409,71411],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,71406,64],{"class":63},[57,71408,68],{"class":67},[57,71410,5941],{"class":238},[57,71412,242],{"class":67},[15,71414,131],{},[48,71416,71417],{"className":50,"code":71162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,71418,71419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71420,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71422,2015],{"class":67},[57,71424,1395],{"class":938},[57,71426,2195],{"class":942},[57,71428,1395],{"class":938},[57,71430,1081],{"class":67},[57,71432,1390],{"class":938},[57,71434,31378],{"class":942},[57,71436,1395],{"class":938},[57,71438,1742],{"class":67},[15,71440,71441,71442,71444,71445,71447],{},"This removed the item at index ",[19,71443,1078],{},", not the value ",[19,71446,63447],{}," directly.",[15,71449,71450,71451,498],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[373,71452,53238],{"href":53237},[43,71454,913],{"id":912},[15,71456,19363,71457,972],{},[19,71458,53699],{},[27,71460,71461,71464,71469,71476,71485],{},[30,71462,71463],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[30,71465,6587,71466,71468],{},[19,71467,53699],{}," to delete all matching values",[30,71470,10738,71471,71473,71474],{},[19,71472,53699],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[19,71475,1890],{},[30,71477,6551,71478,42796,71480,965,71482,71484],{},[19,71479,53699],{},[19,71481,10907],{},[19,71483,25179],{}," would be a better fit",[30,71486,71487],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[15,71489,69679],{},[48,71491,71493],{"className":50,"code":71492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[19,71494,71495,71505,71519,71537,71551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71498,64],{"class":63},[57,71500,68],{"class":67},[57,71502,6472],{"class":238},[57,71504,242],{"class":67},[57,71506,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71508,64],{"class":63},[57,71510,68],{"class":67},[57,71512,525],{"class":238},[57,71514,1997],{"class":1990},[57,71516,6529],{"class":238},[57,71518,242],{"class":67},[57,71520,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,71522,64],{"class":63},[57,71524,68],{"class":67},[57,71526,6472],{"class":238},[57,71528,498],{"class":67},[57,71530,39424],{"class":238},[57,71532,68],{"class":67},[57,71534,552],{"class":238},[57,71536,84],{"class":67},[57,71538,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547,71549],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,71540,64],{"class":63},[57,71542,68],{"class":67},[57,71544,1315],{"class":990},[57,71546,68],{"class":67},[57,71548,6472],{"class":238},[57,71550,84],{"class":67},[57,71552,71553,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,71554,30309],{"class":63},[57,71556,68],{"class":67},[57,71558,6226],{"class":990},[57,71560,498],{"class":67},[57,71562,32953],{"class":22903},[57,71564,242],{"class":67},[15,71566,71567],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[27,71569,71570,71573,71576,71579],{},[30,71571,71572],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[30,71574,71575],{},"How many times does it appear?",[30,71577,71578],{},"Am I working with a list?",[30,71580,71581],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[15,71583,71584,71585,71587],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[373,71586,69843],{"href":57136}," may also help.",[43,71589,1554],{"id":1553},[616,71591,71593],{"id":71592},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[15,71595,71596],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[616,71598,71600],{"id":71599},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[15,71602,3270,71603,71605],{},[19,71604,1890],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[616,71607,71609],{"id":71608},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[15,71611,71612,71613,71616,71617,498],{},"Check with ",[19,71614,71615],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[19,71618,53699],{},[616,71620,71622],{"id":71621},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[15,71624,154,71625,71627,71628,71630],{},[19,71626,53699],{}," for a value and ",[19,71629,10907],{}," for an index.",[43,71632,1602],{"id":1601},[27,71634,71635,71639,71643,71647,71651],{},[30,71636,71637],{},[373,71638,53685],{"href":53237},[30,71640,71641],{},[373,71642,71316],{"href":53249},[30,71644,71645],{},[373,71646,69843],{"href":57136},[30,71648,71649],{},[373,71650,64012],{"href":71051},[30,71652,71653],{},[373,71654,71656],{"href":71655},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1634,71658,71659],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":71661},[71662,71663,71664,71665,71666,71667,71668,71669,71670,71671,71677],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":69988,"depth":87,"text":69989},{"id":3554,"depth":87,"text":3555},{"id":3911,"depth":87,"text":3912},{"id":70441,"depth":87,"text":70442},{"id":63802,"depth":87,"text":63803},{"id":71054,"depth":87,"text":71055},{"id":71319,"depth":87,"text":71320},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":71672},[71673,71674,71675,71676],{"id":71592,"depth":103,"text":71593},{"id":71599,"depth":103,"text":71600},{"id":71608,"depth":103,"text":71609},{"id":71621,"depth":103,"text":71622},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":69891,"description":71678},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":71685,"title":71686,"body":71687,"description":73578,"extension":1666,"meta":73579,"navigation":317,"path":73580,"seo":73581,"stem":73582,"__hash__":73583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":8,"value":71688,"toc":73548},[71689,71695,71701,71704,71715,71717,71766,71771,71776,71780,71795,71797,71862,71864,71905,71907,71909,71924,71926,71937,71939,71996,71998,72031,72033,72036,72085,72087,72112,72114,72130,72136,72143,72204,72206,72239,72244,72247,72327,72329,72390,72396,72400,72403,72467,72469,72494,72496,72516,72518,72567,72569,72590,72599,72602,72606,72611,72656,72658,72679,72685,72690,72698,72762,72764,72801,72807,72811,72818,72883,72885,72922,72926,72943,72953,72958,72963,72974,72981,72983,72989,73012,73015,73042,73047,73050,73151,73153,73208,73211,73318,73320,73391,73394,73420,73422,73427,73431,73439,73444,73449,73455,73460,73464,73467,73484,73487,73507,73515,73517,73545],[11,71690,52512,71692,9463],{"id":71691},"python-list-reverse-method",[19,71693,71694],{},"reverse()",[15,71696,71697,71700],{},[19,71698,71699],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[15,71702,71703],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[15,71705,71706,71707,71709,71710,71714],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[19,71708,71694],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[373,71711,71713],{"href":71712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[43,71716,1714],{"id":1713},[48,71718,71720],{"className":50,"code":71719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[19,71721,71722,71742,71753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71723,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71725,1724],{"class":285},[57,71727,289],{"class":76},[57,71729,1729],{"class":67},[57,71731,1078],{"class":80},[57,71733,1081],{"class":67},[57,71735,1084],{"class":80},[57,71737,1081],{"class":67},[57,71739,530],{"class":80},[57,71741,1742],{"class":67},[57,71743,71744,71746,71748,71751],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71745,1756],{"class":285},[57,71747,498],{"class":67},[57,71749,71750],{"class":238},"reverse",[57,71752,6778],{"class":67},[57,71754,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,71756,64],{"class":63},[57,71758,68],{"class":67},[57,71760,1756],{"class":238},[57,71762,1769],{"class":67},[57,71764,71765],{"class":1772},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,71767,71768,71770],{},[19,71769,71694],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[43,71772,1787,71774,1790],{"id":71773},"what-listreverse-does",[19,71775,71699],{},[15,71777,71778,972],{},[19,71779,71699],{},[27,71781,71782,71785,71788,71792],{},[30,71783,71784],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[30,71786,71787],{},"Changes the original list directly",[30,71789,9565,71790],{},[19,71791,1890],{},[30,71793,71794],{},"Works only on list objects",[15,71796,275],{},[48,71798,71800],{"className":50,"code":71799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[19,71801,71802,71842,71852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71803,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71805,34251],{"class":285},[57,71807,289],{"class":76},[57,71809,1729],{"class":67},[57,71811,939],{"class":938},[57,71813,373],{"class":942},[57,71815,939],{"class":938},[57,71817,1081],{"class":67},[57,71819,1449],{"class":938},[57,71821,2881],{"class":942},[57,71823,939],{"class":938},[57,71825,1081],{"class":67},[57,71827,1449],{"class":938},[57,71829,7877],{"class":942},[57,71831,939],{"class":938},[57,71833,1081],{"class":67},[57,71835,1449],{"class":938},[57,71837,16918],{"class":942},[57,71839,939],{"class":938},[57,71841,1742],{"class":67},[57,71843,71844,71846,71848,71850],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71845,34304],{"class":285},[57,71847,498],{"class":67},[57,71849,71750],{"class":238},[57,71851,6778],{"class":67},[57,71853,71854,71856,71858,71860],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,71855,64],{"class":63},[57,71857,68],{"class":67},[57,71859,34304],{"class":238},[57,71861,242],{"class":67},[15,71863,131],{},[48,71865,71867],{"className":50,"code":71866,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[19,71868,71869],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71870,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71872,2015],{"class":67},[57,71874,1395],{"class":938},[57,71876,16918],{"class":942},[57,71878,1395],{"class":938},[57,71880,1081],{"class":67},[57,71882,1390],{"class":938},[57,71884,7877],{"class":942},[57,71886,1395],{"class":938},[57,71888,1081],{"class":67},[57,71890,1390],{"class":938},[57,71892,2881],{"class":942},[57,71894,1395],{"class":938},[57,71896,1081],{"class":67},[57,71898,1390],{"class":938},[57,71900,373],{"class":942},[57,71902,1395],{"class":938},[57,71904,1742],{"class":67},[43,71906,221],{"id":220},[15,71908,224],{},[48,71910,71912],{"className":50,"code":71911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.reverse()\n",[19,71913,71914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71915,71916,71918,71920,71922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71917,6472],{"class":285},[57,71919,498],{"class":67},[57,71921,71750],{"class":238},[57,71923,6778],{"class":67},[15,71925,11197],{},[27,71927,71928,71931,71934],{},[30,71929,71930],{},"No arguments are needed",[30,71932,71933],{},"You call it on an existing list",[30,71935,71936],{},"It only works on lists",[15,71938,275],{},[48,71940,71942],{"className":50,"code":71941,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[19,71943,71944,71976,71986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71945,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71947,11221],{"class":285},[57,71949,289],{"class":76},[57,71951,1729],{"class":67},[57,71953,939],{"class":938},[57,71955,11238],{"class":942},[57,71957,939],{"class":938},[57,71959,1081],{"class":67},[57,71961,1449],{"class":938},[57,71963,15605],{"class":942},[57,71965,939],{"class":938},[57,71967,1081],{"class":67},[57,71969,1449],{"class":938},[57,71971,11255],{"class":942},[57,71973,939],{"class":938},[57,71975,1742],{"class":67},[57,71977,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,71979,15652],{"class":285},[57,71981,498],{"class":67},[57,71983,71750],{"class":238},[57,71985,6778],{"class":67},[57,71987,71988,71990,71992,71994],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,71989,64],{"class":63},[57,71991,68],{"class":67},[57,71993,15652],{"class":238},[57,71995,242],{"class":67},[15,71997,131],{},[48,71999,72001],{"className":50,"code":72000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[19,72002,72003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72004,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72006,2015],{"class":67},[57,72008,1395],{"class":938},[57,72010,11255],{"class":942},[57,72012,1395],{"class":938},[57,72014,1081],{"class":67},[57,72016,1390],{"class":938},[57,72018,15605],{"class":942},[57,72020,1395],{"class":938},[57,72022,1081],{"class":67},[57,72024,1390],{"class":938},[57,72026,11238],{"class":942},[57,72028,1395],{"class":938},[57,72030,1742],{"class":67},[43,72032,9617],{"id":9616},[15,72034,72035],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[48,72037,72039],{"className":50,"code":72038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,72040,72041,72065,72075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72042,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72044,1724],{"class":285},[57,72046,289],{"class":76},[57,72048,1729],{"class":67},[57,72050,407],{"class":80},[57,72052,1081],{"class":67},[57,72054,5921],{"class":80},[57,72056,1081],{"class":67},[57,72058,5926],{"class":80},[57,72060,1081],{"class":67},[57,72062,49012],{"class":80},[57,72064,1742],{"class":67},[57,72066,72067,72069,72071,72073],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72068,1756],{"class":285},[57,72070,498],{"class":67},[57,72072,71750],{"class":238},[57,72074,6778],{"class":67},[57,72076,72077,72079,72081,72083],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72078,64],{"class":63},[57,72080,68],{"class":67},[57,72082,1756],{"class":238},[57,72084,242],{"class":67},[15,72086,131],{},[48,72088,72090],{"className":50,"code":72089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[19,72091,72092],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72093,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72095,2015],{"class":67},[57,72097,54863],{"class":80},[57,72099,1081],{"class":67},[57,72101,5926],{"class":80},[57,72103,1081],{"class":67},[57,72105,5921],{"class":80},[57,72107,1081],{"class":67},[57,72109,4130],{"class":80},[57,72111,1742],{"class":67},[15,72113,9826],{},[27,72115,72116,72122,72127],{},[30,72117,72118,72119],{},"The list starts as ",[19,72120,72121],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[30,72123,72124,72126],{},[19,72125,71694],{}," flips the order",[30,72128,72129],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[43,72131,72133,72135],{"id":72132},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[19,72134,71694],{}," changes the original list",[15,72137,72138,72139,72142],{},"This method is ",[1854,72140,72141],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[48,72144,72146],{"className":50,"code":72145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[19,72147,72148,72180,72190,72194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72149,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72151,34400],{"class":285},[57,72153,289],{"class":76},[57,72155,1729],{"class":67},[57,72157,939],{"class":938},[57,72159,2195],{"class":942},[57,72161,939],{"class":938},[57,72163,1081],{"class":67},[57,72165,1449],{"class":938},[57,72167,2204],{"class":942},[57,72169,939],{"class":938},[57,72171,1081],{"class":67},[57,72173,1449],{"class":938},[57,72175,2213],{"class":942},[57,72177,939],{"class":938},[57,72179,1742],{"class":67},[57,72181,72182,72184,72186,72188],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72183,34452],{"class":285},[57,72185,498],{"class":67},[57,72187,71750],{"class":238},[57,72189,6778],{"class":67},[57,72191,72192],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72193,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,72195,72196,72198,72200,72202],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,72197,64],{"class":63},[57,72199,68],{"class":67},[57,72201,34452],{"class":238},[57,72203,242],{"class":67},[15,72205,131],{},[48,72207,72209],{"className":50,"code":72208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[19,72210,72211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72212,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72214,2015],{"class":67},[57,72216,1395],{"class":938},[57,72218,2213],{"class":942},[57,72220,1395],{"class":938},[57,72222,1081],{"class":67},[57,72224,1390],{"class":938},[57,72226,2204],{"class":942},[57,72228,1395],{"class":938},[57,72230,1081],{"class":67},[57,72232,1390],{"class":938},[57,72234,2195],{"class":942},[57,72236,1395],{"class":938},[57,72238,1742],{"class":67},[15,72240,154,72241,72243],{},[19,72242,71694],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[15,72245,72246],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[48,72248,72250],{"className":50,"code":72249,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[19,72251,72252,72284,72302,72306,72316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72253,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72255,34400],{"class":285},[57,72257,289],{"class":76},[57,72259,1729],{"class":67},[57,72261,939],{"class":938},[57,72263,2195],{"class":942},[57,72265,939],{"class":938},[57,72267,1081],{"class":67},[57,72269,1449],{"class":938},[57,72271,2204],{"class":942},[57,72273,939],{"class":938},[57,72275,1081],{"class":67},[57,72277,1449],{"class":938},[57,72279,2213],{"class":942},[57,72281,939],{"class":938},[57,72283,1742],{"class":67},[57,72285,72286,72289,72291,72293,72296,72298,72300],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72287,72288],{"class":285},"reversed_fruits ",[57,72290,289],{"class":76},[57,72292,51021],{"class":285},[57,72294,72295],{"class":67},"[::",[57,72297,77],{"class":76},[57,72299,1078],{"class":80},[57,72301,1742],{"class":67},[57,72303,72304],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72305,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,72307,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,72309,64],{"class":63},[57,72311,68],{"class":67},[57,72313,34452],{"class":238},[57,72315,242],{"class":67},[57,72317,72318,72320,72322,72325],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,72319,64],{"class":63},[57,72321,68],{"class":67},[57,72323,72324],{"class":238},"reversed_fruits",[57,72326,242],{"class":67},[15,72328,131],{},[48,72330,72332],{"className":50,"code":72331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[19,72333,72334,72362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72335,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72337,2015],{"class":67},[57,72339,1395],{"class":938},[57,72341,2195],{"class":942},[57,72343,1395],{"class":938},[57,72345,1081],{"class":67},[57,72347,1390],{"class":938},[57,72349,2204],{"class":942},[57,72351,1395],{"class":938},[57,72353,1081],{"class":67},[57,72355,1390],{"class":938},[57,72357,2213],{"class":942},[57,72359,1395],{"class":938},[57,72361,1742],{"class":67},[57,72363,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72365,2015],{"class":67},[57,72367,1395],{"class":938},[57,72369,2213],{"class":942},[57,72371,1395],{"class":938},[57,72373,1081],{"class":67},[57,72375,1390],{"class":938},[57,72377,2204],{"class":942},[57,72379,1395],{"class":938},[57,72381,1081],{"class":67},[57,72383,1390],{"class":938},[57,72385,2195],{"class":942},[57,72387,1395],{"class":938},[57,72389,1742],{"class":67},[15,72391,72392,72393,498],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[373,72394,72395],{"href":71712},"Python list slicing explained",[43,72397,72399],{"id":72398},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[15,72401,72402],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[48,72404,72406],{"className":50,"code":72405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,72407,72408,72428,72442,72446,72457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72409,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72411,1724],{"class":285},[57,72413,289],{"class":76},[57,72415,1729],{"class":67},[57,72417,1078],{"class":80},[57,72419,1081],{"class":67},[57,72421,1084],{"class":80},[57,72423,1081],{"class":67},[57,72425,530],{"class":80},[57,72427,1742],{"class":67},[57,72429,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72431,54060],{"class":285},[57,72433,289],{"class":76},[57,72435,2380],{"class":285},[57,72437,498],{"class":67},[57,72439,71750],{"class":238},[57,72441,6778],{"class":67},[57,72443,72444],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72445,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,72447,72448,72450,72452,72455],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,72449,64],{"class":63},[57,72451,68],{"class":67},[57,72453,72454],{"class":238},"new_list",[57,72456,242],{"class":67},[57,72458,72459,72461,72463,72465],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,72460,64],{"class":63},[57,72462,68],{"class":67},[57,72464,1756],{"class":238},[57,72466,242],{"class":67},[15,72468,131],{},[48,72470,72472],{"className":50,"code":72471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[19,72473,72474,72478],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72475,72476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72477,9951],{"class":1965},[57,72479,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72481,2015],{"class":67},[57,72483,122],{"class":80},[57,72485,1081],{"class":67},[57,72487,1084],{"class":80},[57,72489,1081],{"class":67},[57,72491,3622],{"class":80},[57,72493,1742],{"class":67},[15,72495,10043],{},[27,72497,72498,72506,72510],{},[30,72499,72500,72502,72503,72505],{},[19,72501,71694],{}," changes ",[19,72504,1756],{}," directly",[30,72507,39070,72508,70012],{},[1854,72509,2750],{},[30,72511,51823,72512,40320,72514],{},[19,72513,72454],{},[19,72515,1890],{},[15,72517,60070],{},[48,72519,72521],{"className":50,"code":72520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,72522,72523,72543,72553,72557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72524,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72526,1724],{"class":285},[57,72528,289],{"class":76},[57,72530,1729],{"class":67},[57,72532,1078],{"class":80},[57,72534,1081],{"class":67},[57,72536,1084],{"class":80},[57,72538,1081],{"class":67},[57,72540,530],{"class":80},[57,72542,1742],{"class":67},[57,72544,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72546,1756],{"class":285},[57,72548,498],{"class":67},[57,72550,71750],{"class":238},[57,72552,6778],{"class":67},[57,72554,72555],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72556,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,72558,72559,72561,72563,72565],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,72560,64],{"class":63},[57,72562,68],{"class":67},[57,72564,1756],{"class":238},[57,72566,242],{"class":67},[15,72568,131],{},[48,72570,72572],{"className":50,"code":72571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[19,72573,72574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72575,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72577,2015],{"class":67},[57,72579,122],{"class":80},[57,72581,1081],{"class":67},[57,72583,1084],{"class":80},[57,72585,1081],{"class":67},[57,72587,3622],{"class":80},[57,72589,1742],{"class":67},[43,72591,72593,8724,72595,72598],{"id":72592},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[19,72594,71694],{},[19,72596,72597],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[15,72600,72601],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[616,72603,72604],{"id":71750},[19,72605,71694],{},[15,72607,72608,72610],{},[19,72609,71694],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[48,72612,72614],{"className":50,"code":72613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,72615,72616,72636,72646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72617,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72619,1724],{"class":285},[57,72621,289],{"class":76},[57,72623,1729],{"class":67},[57,72625,122],{"class":80},[57,72627,1081],{"class":67},[57,72629,3622],{"class":80},[57,72631,1081],{"class":67},[57,72633,1084],{"class":80},[57,72635,1742],{"class":67},[57,72637,72638,72640,72642,72644],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72639,1756],{"class":285},[57,72641,498],{"class":67},[57,72643,71750],{"class":238},[57,72645,6778],{"class":67},[57,72647,72648,72650,72652,72654],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72649,64],{"class":63},[57,72651,68],{"class":67},[57,72653,1756],{"class":238},[57,72655,242],{"class":67},[15,72657,131],{},[48,72659,72661],{"className":50,"code":72660,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[19,72662,72663],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72664,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72666,2015],{"class":67},[57,72668,116],{"class":80},[57,72670,1081],{"class":67},[57,72672,3622],{"class":80},[57,72674,1081],{"class":67},[57,72676,530],{"class":80},[57,72678,1742],{"class":67},[15,72680,72681,72682,72684],{},"Notice that this is ",[1854,72683,2750],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[616,72686,72688],{"id":72687},"sorted",[19,72689,72597],{},[15,72691,72692,72697],{},[373,72693,72695],{"href":72694},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[19,72696,72597],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[48,72699,72701],{"className":50,"code":72700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[19,72702,72703,72723,72738,72742,72752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72704,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72706,1724],{"class":285},[57,72708,289],{"class":76},[57,72710,1729],{"class":67},[57,72712,122],{"class":80},[57,72714,1081],{"class":67},[57,72716,3622],{"class":80},[57,72718,1081],{"class":67},[57,72720,1084],{"class":80},[57,72722,1742],{"class":67},[57,72724,72725,72727,72729,72732,72734,72736],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72726,300],{"class":285},[57,72728,289],{"class":76},[57,72730,72731],{"class":63}," sorted",[57,72733,68],{"class":67},[57,72735,1756],{"class":238},[57,72737,242],{"class":67},[57,72739,72740],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72741,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,72743,72744,72746,72748,72750],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,72745,64],{"class":63},[57,72747,68],{"class":67},[57,72749,1756],{"class":238},[57,72751,242],{"class":67},[57,72753,72754,72756,72758,72760],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,72755,64],{"class":63},[57,72757,68],{"class":67},[57,72759,339],{"class":238},[57,72761,242],{"class":67},[15,72763,131],{},[48,72765,72767],{"className":50,"code":72766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[19,72768,72769,72785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72770,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72772,2015],{"class":67},[57,72774,122],{"class":80},[57,72776,1081],{"class":67},[57,72778,3622],{"class":80},[57,72780,1081],{"class":67},[57,72782,1084],{"class":80},[57,72784,1742],{"class":67},[57,72786,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72788,2015],{"class":67},[57,72790,1078],{"class":80},[57,72792,1081],{"class":67},[57,72794,1084],{"class":80},[57,72796,1081],{"class":67},[57,72798,530],{"class":80},[57,72800,1742],{"class":67},[15,72802,72803,72804,498],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[19,72805,72806],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[616,72808,72810],{"id":72809},"slicing","Slicing",[15,72812,72813,72814,72817],{},"Slicing with ",[19,72815,72816],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[48,72819,72821],{"className":50,"code":72820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[19,72822,72823,72843,72859,72863,72873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72824,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72826,1724],{"class":285},[57,72828,289],{"class":76},[57,72830,1729],{"class":67},[57,72832,122],{"class":80},[57,72834,1081],{"class":67},[57,72836,3622],{"class":80},[57,72838,1081],{"class":67},[57,72840,1084],{"class":80},[57,72842,1742],{"class":67},[57,72844,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72846,300],{"class":285},[57,72848,289],{"class":76},[57,72850,2380],{"class":285},[57,72852,72295],{"class":67},[57,72854,77],{"class":76},[57,72856,1078],{"class":80},[57,72858,1742],{"class":67},[57,72860,72861],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,72862,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,72864,72865,72867,72869,72871],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,72866,64],{"class":63},[57,72868,68],{"class":67},[57,72870,1756],{"class":238},[57,72872,242],{"class":67},[57,72874,72875,72877,72879,72881],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,72876,64],{"class":63},[57,72878,68],{"class":67},[57,72880,339],{"class":238},[57,72882,242],{"class":67},[15,72884,131],{},[48,72886,72888],{"className":50,"code":72887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[19,72889,72890,72906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72891,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72893,2015],{"class":67},[57,72895,122],{"class":80},[57,72897,1081],{"class":67},[57,72899,3622],{"class":80},[57,72901,1081],{"class":67},[57,72903,1084],{"class":80},[57,72905,1742],{"class":67},[57,72907,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,72909,2015],{"class":67},[57,72911,116],{"class":80},[57,72913,1081],{"class":67},[57,72915,3622],{"class":80},[57,72917,1081],{"class":67},[57,72919,530],{"class":80},[57,72921,1742],{"class":67},[616,72923,72925],{"id":72924},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[27,72927,72928,72933,72938],{},[30,72929,154,72930,72932],{},[19,72931,71694],{}," when you want to change the original list",[30,72934,154,72935,72937],{},[19,72936,72816],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[30,72939,154,72940,72942],{},[19,72941,72597],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[15,72944,72945,72946,72952],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[373,72947,72949,72950,8880],{"href":72948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[19,72951,62484],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[43,72954,3082,72956],{"id":72955},"when-to-use-reverse",[19,72957,71694],{},[15,72959,72960,72962],{},[19,72961,71694],{}," is a good choice:",[27,72964,72965,72968,72971],{},[30,72966,72967],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[30,72969,72970],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[30,72972,72973],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[15,72975,72976,72977,498],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[373,72978,72980],{"href":72979},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[43,72982,913],{"id":912},[15,72984,72985,72986,72988],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[19,72987,71694],{}," for these reasons:",[27,72990,72991,72995,73000,73005],{},[30,72992,10738,72993,10741],{},[19,72994,71694],{},[30,72996,6587,72997,72999],{},[19,72998,71694],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[30,73001,6551,73002,73004],{},[19,73003,71694],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[30,73006,35366,73007,6840,73009],{},[19,73008,71694],{},[19,73010,73011],{},"reversed()",[15,73013,73014],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[48,73016,73018],{"className":50,"code":73017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[19,73019,73020,73032],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73021,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73023,32846],{"class":285},[57,73025,289],{"class":76},[57,73027,1449],{"class":938},[57,73029,1958],{"class":942},[57,73031,1455],{"class":938},[57,73033,73034,73036,73038,73040],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,73035,32867],{"class":285},[57,73037,498],{"class":67},[57,73039,71750],{"class":238},[57,73041,6778],{"class":67},[15,73043,73044,73045,31758],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[19,73046,71694],{},[15,73048,73049],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[48,73051,73053],{"className":50,"code":73052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[19,73054,73055,73075,73079,73089,73103,73107,73121,73131,73135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73056,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73058,6441],{"class":285},[57,73060,289],{"class":76},[57,73062,1729],{"class":67},[57,73064,1078],{"class":80},[57,73066,1081],{"class":67},[57,73068,1084],{"class":80},[57,73070,1081],{"class":67},[57,73072,530],{"class":80},[57,73074,1742],{"class":67},[57,73076,73077],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,73078,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,73080,73081,73083,73085,73087],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,73082,64],{"class":63},[57,73084,68],{"class":67},[57,73086,6472],{"class":238},[57,73088,242],{"class":67},[57,73090,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,73092,64],{"class":63},[57,73094,68],{"class":67},[57,73096,1315],{"class":990},[57,73098,68],{"class":67},[57,73100,6472],{"class":238},[57,73102,84],{"class":67},[57,73104,73105],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,73106,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,73108,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,73110,300],{"class":285},[57,73112,289],{"class":76},[57,73114,6529],{"class":285},[57,73116,498],{"class":67},[57,73118,71750],{"class":238},[57,73120,6778],{"class":67},[57,73122,73123,73125,73127,73129],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,73124,64],{"class":63},[57,73126,68],{"class":67},[57,73128,339],{"class":238},[57,73130,242],{"class":67},[57,73132,73133],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,73134,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,73136,73137,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,73138,64],{"class":63},[57,73140,68],{"class":67},[57,73142,6472],{"class":238},[57,73144,72295],{"class":67},[57,73146,77],{"class":76},[57,73148,1078],{"class":80},[57,73150,2003],{"class":67},[15,73152,131],{},[48,73154,73156],{"className":50,"code":73155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[19,73157,73158,73174,73188,73192],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73159,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73161,2015],{"class":67},[57,73163,1078],{"class":80},[57,73165,1081],{"class":67},[57,73167,1084],{"class":80},[57,73169,1081],{"class":67},[57,73171,530],{"class":80},[57,73173,1742],{"class":67},[57,73175,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,73177,1384],{"class":76},[57,73179,1387],{"class":125},[57,73181,1390],{"class":938},[57,73183,6226],{"class":942},[57,73185,1395],{"class":938},[57,73187,1398],{"class":76},[57,73189,73190],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,73191,9951],{"class":1965},[57,73193,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,73195,2015],{"class":67},[57,73197,1078],{"class":80},[57,73199,1081],{"class":67},[57,73201,1084],{"class":80},[57,73203,1081],{"class":67},[57,73205,3622],{"class":80},[57,73207,1742],{"class":67},[15,73209,73210],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[48,73212,73214],{"className":50,"code":73213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[19,73215,73216,73236,73240,73250,73264,73268,73282,73292,73302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73217,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73219,6441],{"class":285},[57,73221,289],{"class":76},[57,73223,1729],{"class":67},[57,73225,1078],{"class":80},[57,73227,1081],{"class":67},[57,73229,1084],{"class":80},[57,73231,1081],{"class":67},[57,73233,530],{"class":80},[57,73235,1742],{"class":67},[57,73237,73238],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,73239,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,73241,73242,73244,73246,73248],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,73243,64],{"class":63},[57,73245,68],{"class":67},[57,73247,6472],{"class":238},[57,73249,242],{"class":67},[57,73251,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,73253,64],{"class":63},[57,73255,68],{"class":67},[57,73257,1315],{"class":990},[57,73259,68],{"class":67},[57,73261,6472],{"class":238},[57,73263,84],{"class":67},[57,73265,73266],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,73267,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,73269,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,73271,300],{"class":285},[57,73273,289],{"class":76},[57,73275,6529],{"class":285},[57,73277,498],{"class":67},[57,73279,71750],{"class":238},[57,73281,6778],{"class":67},[57,73283,73284,73286,73288,73290],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,73285,64],{"class":63},[57,73287,68],{"class":67},[57,73289,339],{"class":238},[57,73291,242],{"class":67},[57,73293,73294,73296,73298,73300],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,73295,64],{"class":63},[57,73297,68],{"class":67},[57,73299,6472],{"class":238},[57,73301,242],{"class":67},[57,73303,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,73305,64],{"class":63},[57,73307,68],{"class":67},[57,73309,6472],{"class":238},[57,73311,72295],{"class":67},[57,73313,77],{"class":76},[57,73315,1078],{"class":80},[57,73317,2003],{"class":67},[15,73319,131],{},[48,73321,73323],{"className":50,"code":73322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[19,73324,73325,73341,73355,73359,73375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73326,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73328,2015],{"class":67},[57,73330,1078],{"class":80},[57,73332,1081],{"class":67},[57,73334,1084],{"class":80},[57,73336,1081],{"class":67},[57,73338,530],{"class":80},[57,73340,1742],{"class":67},[57,73342,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,73344,1384],{"class":76},[57,73346,1387],{"class":125},[57,73348,1390],{"class":938},[57,73350,6226],{"class":942},[57,73352,1395],{"class":938},[57,73354,1398],{"class":76},[57,73356,73357],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,73358,9951],{"class":1965},[57,73360,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,73362,2015],{"class":67},[57,73364,122],{"class":80},[57,73366,1081],{"class":67},[57,73368,1084],{"class":80},[57,73370,1081],{"class":67},[57,73372,3622],{"class":80},[57,73374,1742],{"class":67},[57,73376,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,73378,2015],{"class":67},[57,73380,1078],{"class":80},[57,73382,1081],{"class":67},[57,73384,1084],{"class":80},[57,73386,1081],{"class":67},[57,73388,530],{"class":80},[57,73390,1742],{"class":67},[15,73392,73393],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[27,73395,73396,73405,73414],{},[30,73397,25950,73398,73401,73402],{},[19,73399,73400],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[19,73403,73404],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[30,73406,10059,73407,73410,73411,20712],{},[19,73408,73409],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[1854,73412,73413],{},"current",[30,73415,73416,73417],{},"So it prints ",[19,73418,73419],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[43,73421,1554],{"id":1553},[616,73423,10848,73425,53639],{"id":73424},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[19,73426,71699],{},[15,73428,60775,73429,498],{},[19,73430,1890],{},[616,73432,32363,73434,32366,73436,572],{"id":73433},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[19,73435,71694],{},[19,73437,73438],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[15,73440,73441,73443],{},[19,73442,71694],{}," only flips the current order.",[15,73445,73446,73448],{},[19,73447,73438],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[616,73450,26483,73452,73454],{"id":73451},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[19,73453,71694],{}," on a tuple or string?",[15,73456,44532,73457,73459],{},[19,73458,71694],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[616,73461,73463],{"id":73462},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[15,73465,73466],{},"Use slicing:",[48,73468,73470],{"className":50,"code":73469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[::-1]\n",[19,73471,73472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73473,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73475,6472],{"class":285},[57,73477,72295],{"class":67},[57,73479,77],{"class":76},[57,73481,1078],{"class":80},[57,73483,1742],{"class":67},[15,73485,73486],{},"Or use:",[48,73488,73490],{"className":50,"code":73489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[19,73491,73492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73493,73494,73496,73498,73501,73503,73505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73495,6226],{"class":990},[57,73497,68],{"class":67},[57,73499,73500],{"class":63},"reversed",[57,73502,68],{"class":67},[57,73504,6472],{"class":238},[57,73506,84],{"class":67},[15,73508,73509,73510,73514],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[373,73511,53690,73512],{"href":53130},[19,73513,10921],{}," can also help.",[43,73516,1602],{"id":1601},[27,73518,73519,73525,73531,73535,73539],{},[30,73520,73521],{},[373,73522,53690,73523,8880],{"href":72948},[19,73524,62484],{},[30,73526,73527],{},[373,73528,1680,73529,1611],{"href":72694},[19,73530,72597],{},[30,73532,73533],{},[373,73534,72980],{"href":72979},[30,73536,73537],{},[373,73538,72395],{"href":71712},[30,73540,73541],{},[373,73542,53690,73543,8880],{"href":53130},[19,73544,10921],{},[1634,73546,73547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":73549},[73550,73551,73553,73554,73555,73557,73558,73565,73567,73568,73577],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":71773,"depth":87,"text":73552},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":72132,"depth":87,"text":73556},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":72398,"depth":87,"text":72399},{"id":72592,"depth":87,"text":73559,"children":73560},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[73561,73562,73563,73564],{"id":71750,"depth":103,"text":71694},{"id":72687,"depth":103,"text":72597},{"id":72809,"depth":103,"text":72810},{"id":72924,"depth":103,"text":72925},{"id":72955,"depth":87,"text":73566},"When to use reverse()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":73569},[73570,73572,73574,73576],{"id":73424,"depth":103,"text":73571},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":73433,"depth":103,"text":73573},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":73451,"depth":103,"text":73575},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":73462,"depth":103,"text":73463},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":71686,"description":73578},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":73585,"title":73586,"body":73587,"description":76020,"extension":1666,"meta":76021,"navigation":317,"path":76022,"seo":76023,"stem":76024,"__hash__":76025},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":8,"value":73588,"toc":75988},[73589,73592,73604,73607,73630,73638,73640,73752,73761,73765,73768,73771,73858,73860,73893,73895,73918,73924,73928,73931,73953,73955,73972,73975,73995,73997,74107,74109,74186,74190,74193,74236,74238,74371,74373,74475,74480,74484,74487,74489,74503,74506,74620,74622,74696,74698,74726,74730,74735,74765,74768,74894,74896,74978,74984,74988,74990,75029,75038,75042,75045,75049,75096,75098,75106,75110,75161,75163,75176,75178,75192,75195,75203,75205,75252,75254,75262,75265,75308,75313,75316,75319,75342,75346,75397,75400,75421,75431,75435,75437,75467,75470,75493,75497,75500,75567,75569,75606,75609,75617,75684,75686,75723,75729,75736,75740,75743,75773,75778,75782,75785,75809,75812,75906,75916,75918,75922,75925,75929,75932,75937,75940,75946,75949,75951,75979,75985],[11,73590,73586],{"id":73591},"python-list-slicing-explained",[15,73593,73594,73595,256,73597,15221,73600,73603],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[19,73596,34233],{},[19,73598,73599],{},"stop",[19,73601,73602],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[15,73605,73606],{},"The basic slice form is:",[48,73608,73610],{"className":50,"code":73609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[19,73611,73612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73613,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73615,6472],{"class":285},[57,73617,2015],{"class":67},[57,73619,34233],{"class":285},[57,73621,972],{"class":67},[57,73623,73599],{"class":285},[57,73625,972],{"class":67},[57,73627,73602],{"class":285},[57,73629,1742],{"class":67},[15,73631,73632,73633,73635,73636,498],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[19,73634,73599],{}," position is ",[1854,73637,63242],{},[43,73639,46],{"id":45},[48,73641,73643],{"className":50,"code":73642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[19,73644,73645,73673,73677,73698,73716,73733],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73646,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73648,1724],{"class":285},[57,73650,289],{"class":76},[57,73652,1729],{"class":67},[57,73654,407],{"class":80},[57,73656,1081],{"class":67},[57,73658,5921],{"class":80},[57,73660,1081],{"class":67},[57,73662,5926],{"class":80},[57,73664,1081],{"class":67},[57,73666,49012],{"class":80},[57,73668,1081],{"class":67},[57,73670,3202],{"class":80},[57,73672,1742],{"class":67},[57,73674,73675],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,73676,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,73678,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,73680,64],{"class":63},[57,73682,68],{"class":67},[57,73684,1756],{"class":238},[57,73686,2015],{"class":67},[57,73688,1078],{"class":80},[57,73690,972],{"class":67},[57,73692,585],{"class":80},[57,73694,18597],{"class":67},[57,73696,73697],{"class":1772},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[57,73699,73700,73702,73704,73706,73709,73711,73713],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,73701,64],{"class":63},[57,73703,68],{"class":67},[57,73705,1756],{"class":238},[57,73707,73708],{"class":67},"[:",[57,73710,122],{"class":80},[57,73712,18597],{"class":67},[57,73714,73715],{"class":1772},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[57,73717,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,73719,64],{"class":63},[57,73721,68],{"class":67},[57,73723,1756],{"class":238},[57,73725,72295],{"class":67},[57,73727,116],{"class":80},[57,73729,18597],{"class":67},[57,73731,73732],{"class":1772},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[57,73734,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,73736,64],{"class":63},[57,73738,68],{"class":67},[57,73740,1756],{"class":238},[57,73742,72295],{"class":67},[57,73744,77],{"class":76},[57,73746,1078],{"class":80},[57,73748,18597],{"class":67},[57,73750,73751],{"class":1772},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73753,154,73754,73757,73758,73760],{},[19,73755,73756],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[19,73759,73599],{}," value is not included.",[43,73762,73764],{"id":73763},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[15,73766,73767],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[15,73769,73770],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[48,73772,73774],{"className":50,"code":73773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[19,73775,73776,73824,73828,73847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73777,73778,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73779,34251],{"class":285},[57,73781,289],{"class":76},[57,73783,1729],{"class":67},[57,73785,939],{"class":938},[57,73787,373],{"class":942},[57,73789,939],{"class":938},[57,73791,1081],{"class":67},[57,73793,1449],{"class":938},[57,73795,2881],{"class":942},[57,73797,939],{"class":938},[57,73799,1081],{"class":67},[57,73801,1449],{"class":938},[57,73803,7877],{"class":942},[57,73805,939],{"class":938},[57,73807,1081],{"class":67},[57,73809,1449],{"class":938},[57,73811,16918],{"class":942},[57,73813,939],{"class":938},[57,73815,1081],{"class":67},[57,73817,1449],{"class":938},[57,73819,58619],{"class":942},[57,73821,939],{"class":938},[57,73823,1742],{"class":67},[57,73825,73826],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,73827,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,73829,73830,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,73831,73832],{"class":285},"part ",[57,73834,289],{"class":76},[57,73836,68269],{"class":285},[57,73838,2015],{"class":67},[57,73840,1078],{"class":80},[57,73842,972],{"class":67},[57,73844,585],{"class":80},[57,73846,1742],{"class":67},[57,73848,73849,73851,73853,73856],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,73850,64],{"class":63},[57,73852,68],{"class":67},[57,73854,73855],{"class":238},"part",[57,73857,242],{"class":67},[15,73859,131],{},[48,73861,73863],{"className":50,"code":73862,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[19,73864,73865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73866,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73868,2015],{"class":67},[57,73870,1395],{"class":938},[57,73872,2881],{"class":942},[57,73874,1395],{"class":938},[57,73876,1081],{"class":67},[57,73878,1390],{"class":938},[57,73880,7877],{"class":942},[57,73882,1395],{"class":938},[57,73884,1081],{"class":67},[57,73886,1390],{"class":938},[57,73888,16918],{"class":942},[57,73890,1395],{"class":938},[57,73892,1742],{"class":67},[15,73894,11197],{},[27,73896,73897,73900,73903,73909,73915],{},[30,73898,73899],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[30,73901,73902],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[30,73904,73905,73906],{},"Basic form: ",[19,73907,73908],{},"list[start:stop]",[30,73910,73911,73912,73914],{},"The item at ",[19,73913,73599],{}," is not included",[30,73916,73917],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[15,73919,73920,73921,498],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[373,73922,73923],{"href":49148},"beginner guide to Python lists",[43,73925,73927],{"id":73926},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[15,73929,73930],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[48,73932,73933],{"className":50,"code":73609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,73934,73935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73936,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73938,6472],{"class":285},[57,73940,2015],{"class":67},[57,73942,34233],{"class":285},[57,73944,972],{"class":67},[57,73946,73599],{"class":285},[57,73948,972],{"class":67},[57,73950,73602],{"class":285},[57,73952,1742],{"class":67},[15,73954,63218],{},[27,73956,73957,73962,73967],{},[30,73958,73959,73961],{},[19,73960,34233],{}," is where slicing begins",[30,73963,73964,73966],{},[19,73965,73599],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[30,73968,73969,73971],{},[19,73970,73602],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[15,73973,73974],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[27,73976,73977,73983,73988],{},[30,73978,73979,73980,73982],{},"Missing ",[19,73981,34233],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[30,73984,73979,73985,73987],{},[19,73986,73599],{}," means go to the end of the list",[30,73989,73979,73990,73992,73993],{},[19,73991,73602],{}," means use ",[19,73994,1078],{},[15,73996,275],{},[48,73998,74000],{"className":50,"code":73999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[19,74001,74002,74030,74034,74055,74072,74090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74003,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74005,1724],{"class":285},[57,74007,289],{"class":76},[57,74009,1729],{"class":67},[57,74011,407],{"class":80},[57,74013,1081],{"class":67},[57,74015,5921],{"class":80},[57,74017,1081],{"class":67},[57,74019,5926],{"class":80},[57,74021,1081],{"class":67},[57,74023,49012],{"class":80},[57,74025,1081],{"class":67},[57,74027,3202],{"class":80},[57,74029,1742],{"class":67},[57,74031,74032],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74033,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,74035,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74037,64],{"class":63},[57,74039,68],{"class":67},[57,74041,1756],{"class":238},[57,74043,2015],{"class":67},[57,74045,1078],{"class":80},[57,74047,972],{"class":67},[57,74049,585],{"class":80},[57,74051,18597],{"class":67},[57,74053,74054],{"class":1772},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[57,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,74058,64],{"class":63},[57,74060,68],{"class":67},[57,74062,1756],{"class":238},[57,74064,73708],{"class":67},[57,74066,122],{"class":80},[57,74068,18597],{"class":67},[57,74070,74071],{"class":1772},"    # start from the beginning\n",[57,74073,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74087],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,74075,64],{"class":63},[57,74077,68],{"class":67},[57,74079,1756],{"class":238},[57,74081,2015],{"class":67},[57,74083,116],{"class":80},[57,74085,74086],{"class":67},":])",[57,74088,74089],{"class":1772},"    # go to the end\n",[57,74091,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,74093,64],{"class":63},[57,74095,68],{"class":67},[57,74097,1756],{"class":238},[57,74099,72295],{"class":67},[57,74101,1078],{"class":80},[57,74103,18597],{"class":67},[57,74105,74106],{"class":1772},"   # step of 1\n",[15,74108,131],{},[48,74110,74112],{"className":50,"code":74111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[19,74113,74114,74130,74146,74162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74115,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74117,2015],{"class":67},[57,74119,13902],{"class":80},[57,74121,1081],{"class":67},[57,74123,5926],{"class":80},[57,74125,1081],{"class":67},[57,74127,49012],{"class":80},[57,74129,1742],{"class":67},[57,74131,74132,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74133,2015],{"class":67},[57,74135,407],{"class":80},[57,74137,1081],{"class":67},[57,74139,5921],{"class":80},[57,74141,1081],{"class":67},[57,74143,5926],{"class":80},[57,74145,1742],{"class":67},[57,74147,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74149,2015],{"class":67},[57,74151,35003],{"class":80},[57,74153,1081],{"class":67},[57,74155,49012],{"class":80},[57,74157,1081],{"class":67},[57,74159,3202],{"class":80},[57,74161,1742],{"class":67},[57,74163,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,74165,2015],{"class":67},[57,74167,407],{"class":80},[57,74169,1081],{"class":67},[57,74171,5921],{"class":80},[57,74173,1081],{"class":67},[57,74175,5926],{"class":80},[57,74177,1081],{"class":67},[57,74179,49012],{"class":80},[57,74181,1081],{"class":67},[57,74183,3202],{"class":80},[57,74185,1742],{"class":67},[43,74187,74189],{"id":74188},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[15,74191,74192],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[27,74194,74195,74204,74213,74224,74230],{},[30,74196,74197,74200,74201,4091],{},[19,74198,74199],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[19,74202,74203],{},"n",[30,74205,74206,74209,74210,74212],{},[19,74207,74208],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[19,74211,74203],{}," to the end",[30,74214,74215,74218,74219,74221,74222],{},[19,74216,74217],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[19,74220,373],{}," up to ",[19,74223,2881],{},[30,74225,74226,74229],{},[19,74227,74228],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[30,74231,74232,74235],{},[19,74233,74234],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[15,74237,275],{},[48,74239,74241],{"className":50,"code":74240,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[19,74242,74243,74276,74280,74297,74314,74335,74352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74244,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74246,1724],{"class":285},[57,74248,289],{"class":76},[57,74250,1729],{"class":67},[57,74252,407],{"class":80},[57,74254,1081],{"class":67},[57,74256,5921],{"class":80},[57,74258,1081],{"class":67},[57,74260,5926],{"class":80},[57,74262,1081],{"class":67},[57,74264,49012],{"class":80},[57,74266,1081],{"class":67},[57,74268,3202],{"class":80},[57,74270,1081],{"class":67},[57,74272,74273],{"class":80}," 60",[57,74275,1742],{"class":67},[57,74277,74278],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74279,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,74281,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74283,64],{"class":63},[57,74285,68],{"class":67},[57,74287,1756],{"class":238},[57,74289,73708],{"class":67},[57,74291,122],{"class":80},[57,74293,18597],{"class":67},[57,74295,74296],{"class":1772},"    # first 3 items\n",[57,74298,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,74300,64],{"class":63},[57,74302,68],{"class":67},[57,74304,1756],{"class":238},[57,74306,2015],{"class":67},[57,74308,122],{"class":80},[57,74310,74086],{"class":67},[57,74312,74313],{"class":1772},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[57,74315,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,74317,64],{"class":63},[57,74319,68],{"class":67},[57,74321,1756],{"class":238},[57,74323,2015],{"class":67},[57,74325,1078],{"class":80},[57,74327,972],{"class":67},[57,74329,199],{"class":80},[57,74331,18597],{"class":67},[57,74333,74334],{"class":1772},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[57,74336,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,74338,64],{"class":63},[57,74340,68],{"class":67},[57,74342,1756],{"class":238},[57,74344,72295],{"class":67},[57,74346,116],{"class":80},[57,74348,18597],{"class":67},[57,74350,74351],{"class":1772},"   # every second item\n",[57,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,74355,64],{"class":63},[57,74357,68],{"class":67},[57,74359,1756],{"class":238},[57,74361,72295],{"class":67},[57,74363,77],{"class":76},[57,74365,1078],{"class":80},[57,74367,18597],{"class":67},[57,74369,74370],{"class":1772},"  # reversed copy\n",[15,74372,131],{},[48,74374,74376],{"className":50,"code":74375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[19,74377,74378,74394,74410,74430,74446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74379,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74381,2015],{"class":67},[57,74383,407],{"class":80},[57,74385,1081],{"class":67},[57,74387,5921],{"class":80},[57,74389,1081],{"class":67},[57,74391,5926],{"class":80},[57,74393,1742],{"class":67},[57,74395,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74397,2015],{"class":67},[57,74399,54863],{"class":80},[57,74401,1081],{"class":67},[57,74403,3202],{"class":80},[57,74405,1081],{"class":67},[57,74407,74273],{"class":80},[57,74409,1742],{"class":67},[57,74411,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74413,2015],{"class":67},[57,74415,13902],{"class":80},[57,74417,1081],{"class":67},[57,74419,5926],{"class":80},[57,74421,1081],{"class":67},[57,74423,49012],{"class":80},[57,74425,1081],{"class":67},[57,74427,3202],{"class":80},[57,74429,1742],{"class":67},[57,74431,74432,74434,74436,74438,74440,74442,74444],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,74433,2015],{"class":67},[57,74435,407],{"class":80},[57,74437,1081],{"class":67},[57,74439,5926],{"class":80},[57,74441,1081],{"class":67},[57,74443,3202],{"class":80},[57,74445,1742],{"class":67},[57,74447,74448,74450,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,74449,2015],{"class":67},[57,74451,74452],{"class":80},"60",[57,74454,1081],{"class":67},[57,74456,3202],{"class":80},[57,74458,1081],{"class":67},[57,74460,49012],{"class":80},[57,74462,1081],{"class":67},[57,74464,5926],{"class":80},[57,74466,1081],{"class":67},[57,74468,5921],{"class":80},[57,74470,1081],{"class":67},[57,74472,4130],{"class":80},[57,74474,1742],{"class":67},[15,74476,74477,74478,498],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[373,74479,13035],{"href":55390},[43,74481,74483],{"id":74482},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[15,74485,74486],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[15,74488,3596],{},[27,74490,74491,74497],{},[30,74492,74493,74496],{},[19,74494,74495],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[30,74498,74499,74502],{},[19,74500,74501],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[15,74504,74505],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[48,74507,74509],{"className":50,"code":74508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[19,74510,74511,74559,74563,74582,74601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74512,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74514,34251],{"class":285},[57,74516,289],{"class":76},[57,74518,1729],{"class":67},[57,74520,939],{"class":938},[57,74522,373],{"class":942},[57,74524,939],{"class":938},[57,74526,1081],{"class":67},[57,74528,1449],{"class":938},[57,74530,2881],{"class":942},[57,74532,939],{"class":938},[57,74534,1081],{"class":67},[57,74536,1449],{"class":938},[57,74538,7877],{"class":942},[57,74540,939],{"class":938},[57,74542,1081],{"class":67},[57,74544,1449],{"class":938},[57,74546,16918],{"class":942},[57,74548,939],{"class":938},[57,74550,1081],{"class":67},[57,74552,1449],{"class":938},[57,74554,58619],{"class":942},[57,74556,939],{"class":938},[57,74558,1742],{"class":67},[57,74560,74561],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74562,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,74564,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74566,64],{"class":63},[57,74568,68],{"class":67},[57,74570,34304],{"class":238},[57,74572,2015],{"class":67},[57,74574,77],{"class":76},[57,74576,1078],{"class":80},[57,74578,18597],{"class":67},[57,74580,74581],{"class":1772},"    # last item\n",[57,74583,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,74585,64],{"class":63},[57,74587,68],{"class":67},[57,74589,34304],{"class":238},[57,74591,2015],{"class":67},[57,74593,77],{"class":76},[57,74595,122],{"class":80},[57,74597,74086],{"class":67},[57,74599,74600],{"class":1772},"   # last 3 items\n",[57,74602,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,74604,64],{"class":63},[57,74606,68],{"class":67},[57,74608,34304],{"class":238},[57,74610,73708],{"class":67},[57,74612,77],{"class":76},[57,74614,1078],{"class":80},[57,74616,18597],{"class":67},[57,74618,74619],{"class":1772},"   # everything except the last item\n",[15,74621,131],{},[48,74623,74625],{"className":50,"code":74624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[19,74626,74627,74632,74660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74628,74629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74630,74631],{"class":285},"e\n",[57,74633,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74635,2015],{"class":67},[57,74637,1395],{"class":938},[57,74639,7877],{"class":942},[57,74641,1395],{"class":938},[57,74643,1081],{"class":67},[57,74645,1390],{"class":938},[57,74647,16918],{"class":942},[57,74649,1395],{"class":938},[57,74651,1081],{"class":67},[57,74653,1390],{"class":938},[57,74655,58619],{"class":942},[57,74657,1395],{"class":938},[57,74659,1742],{"class":67},[57,74661,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74663,2015],{"class":67},[57,74665,1395],{"class":938},[57,74667,373],{"class":942},[57,74669,1395],{"class":938},[57,74671,1081],{"class":67},[57,74673,1390],{"class":938},[57,74675,2881],{"class":942},[57,74677,1395],{"class":938},[57,74679,1081],{"class":67},[57,74681,1390],{"class":938},[57,74683,7877],{"class":942},[57,74685,1395],{"class":938},[57,74687,1081],{"class":67},[57,74689,1390],{"class":938},[57,74691,16918],{"class":942},[57,74693,1395],{"class":938},[57,74695,1742],{"class":67},[15,74697,11197],{},[27,74699,74700,74703,74707,74713,74719],{},[30,74701,74702],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[30,74704,74705,74496],{},[19,74706,74495],{},[30,74708,74709,74712],{},[19,74710,74711],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[30,74714,74715,74718],{},[19,74716,74717],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[30,74720,74721,74722,2511,74724],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[19,74723,34233],{},[19,74725,73599],{},[43,74727,74729],{"id":74728},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[15,74731,17,74732,74734],{},[19,74733,73602],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[27,74736,74737,74740,74743,74748,74758],{},[30,74738,74739],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[30,74741,74742],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[30,74744,74745,74747],{},[19,74746,74234],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[30,74749,7011,74750,74752,74753,74755,74756],{},[19,74751,73602],{}," is negative, ",[19,74754,34233],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[19,74757,73599],{},[30,74759,74760,74762,74763],{},[19,74761,73602],{}," cannot be ",[19,74764,182],{},[15,74766,74767],{},"Example with different step values:",[48,74769,74771],{"className":50,"code":74770,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[19,74772,74773,74805,74809,74826,74848,74867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74774,74775,74777,74779,74781,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74776,1724],{"class":285},[57,74778,289],{"class":76},[57,74780,1729],{"class":67},[57,74782,407],{"class":80},[57,74784,1081],{"class":67},[57,74786,5921],{"class":80},[57,74788,1081],{"class":67},[57,74790,5926],{"class":80},[57,74792,1081],{"class":67},[57,74794,49012],{"class":80},[57,74796,1081],{"class":67},[57,74798,3202],{"class":80},[57,74800,1081],{"class":67},[57,74802,74273],{"class":80},[57,74804,1742],{"class":67},[57,74806,74807],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74808,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,74810,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74812,64],{"class":63},[57,74814,68],{"class":67},[57,74816,1756],{"class":238},[57,74818,72295],{"class":67},[57,74820,116],{"class":80},[57,74822,18597],{"class":67},[57,74824,74825],{"class":1772},"     # every second item\n",[57,74827,74828,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838,74841,74843,74845],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,74829,64],{"class":63},[57,74831,68],{"class":67},[57,74833,1756],{"class":238},[57,74835,2015],{"class":67},[57,74837,1078],{"class":80},[57,74839,74840],{"class":67},"::",[57,74842,116],{"class":80},[57,74844,18597],{"class":67},[57,74846,74847],{"class":1772},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[57,74849,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,74851,64],{"class":63},[57,74853,68],{"class":67},[57,74855,1756],{"class":238},[57,74857,72295],{"class":67},[57,74859,77],{"class":76},[57,74861,1078],{"class":80},[57,74863,18597],{"class":67},[57,74865,74866],{"class":1772},"    # reverse the list\n",[57,74868,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,74870,64],{"class":63},[57,74872,68],{"class":67},[57,74874,1756],{"class":238},[57,74876,2015],{"class":67},[57,74878,585],{"class":80},[57,74880,972],{"class":67},[57,74882,1078],{"class":80},[57,74884,972],{"class":67},[57,74886,77],{"class":76},[57,74888,1078],{"class":80},[57,74890,18597],{"class":67},[57,74892,74893],{"class":1772},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,74895,131],{},[48,74897,74899],{"className":50,"code":74898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[19,74900,74901,74917,74933,74961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74902,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74904,2015],{"class":67},[57,74906,407],{"class":80},[57,74908,1081],{"class":67},[57,74910,5926],{"class":80},[57,74912,1081],{"class":67},[57,74914,3202],{"class":80},[57,74916,1742],{"class":67},[57,74918,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,74920,2015],{"class":67},[57,74922,13902],{"class":80},[57,74924,1081],{"class":67},[57,74926,49012],{"class":80},[57,74928,1081],{"class":67},[57,74930,74273],{"class":80},[57,74932,1742],{"class":67},[57,74934,74935,74937,74939,74941,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953,74955,74957,74959],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,74936,2015],{"class":67},[57,74938,74452],{"class":80},[57,74940,1081],{"class":67},[57,74942,3202],{"class":80},[57,74944,1081],{"class":67},[57,74946,49012],{"class":80},[57,74948,1081],{"class":67},[57,74950,5926],{"class":80},[57,74952,1081],{"class":67},[57,74954,5921],{"class":80},[57,74956,1081],{"class":67},[57,74958,4130],{"class":80},[57,74960,1742],{"class":67},[57,74962,74963,74965,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,74964,2015],{"class":67},[57,74966,74967],{"class":80},"50",[57,74969,1081],{"class":67},[57,74971,49012],{"class":80},[57,74973,1081],{"class":67},[57,74975,5926],{"class":80},[57,74977,1742],{"class":67},[15,74979,74980,74981,498],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[373,74982,74983],{"href":72979},"how to reverse a list in Python",[616,74985,74987],{"id":74986},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[15,74989,920],{},[48,74991,74993],{"className":50,"code":74992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[19,74994,74995,75015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74996,74997,74999,75001,75003,75005,75007,75009,75011,75013],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74998,1724],{"class":285},[57,75000,289],{"class":76},[57,75002,1729],{"class":67},[57,75004,1078],{"class":80},[57,75006,1081],{"class":67},[57,75008,1084],{"class":80},[57,75010,1081],{"class":67},[57,75012,530],{"class":80},[57,75014,1742],{"class":67},[57,75016,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75018,64],{"class":63},[57,75020,68],{"class":67},[57,75022,1756],{"class":238},[57,75024,72295],{"class":67},[57,75026,182],{"class":80},[57,75028,2003],{"class":67},[15,75030,75031,75032,75034,75035,75037],{},"Python raises a ",[19,75033,38868],{}," because a slice step of ",[19,75036,182],{}," does not make sense.",[43,75039,75041],{"id":75040},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[15,75043,75044],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[616,75046,75048],{"id":75047},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[48,75050,75052],{"className":50,"code":75051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[19,75053,75054,75078,75082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75055,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75057,1724],{"class":285},[57,75059,289],{"class":76},[57,75061,1729],{"class":67},[57,75063,407],{"class":80},[57,75065,1081],{"class":67},[57,75067,5921],{"class":80},[57,75069,1081],{"class":67},[57,75071,5926],{"class":80},[57,75073,1081],{"class":67},[57,75075,49012],{"class":80},[57,75077,1742],{"class":67},[57,75079,75080],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75081,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,75083,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,75085,64],{"class":63},[57,75087,68],{"class":67},[57,75089,1756],{"class":238},[57,75091,2015],{"class":67},[57,75093,116],{"class":80},[57,75095,2003],{"class":67},[15,75097,131],{},[48,75099,75100],{"className":50,"code":68013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,75101,75102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75103,75104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75105,68013],{"class":80},[616,75107,75109],{"id":75108},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[48,75111,75113],{"className":50,"code":75112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[19,75114,75115,75139,75143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75116,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75118,1724],{"class":285},[57,75120,289],{"class":76},[57,75122,1729],{"class":67},[57,75124,407],{"class":80},[57,75126,1081],{"class":67},[57,75128,5921],{"class":80},[57,75130,1081],{"class":67},[57,75132,5926],{"class":80},[57,75134,1081],{"class":67},[57,75136,49012],{"class":80},[57,75138,1742],{"class":67},[57,75140,75141],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75142,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,75144,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,75146,64],{"class":63},[57,75148,68],{"class":67},[57,75150,1756],{"class":238},[57,75152,2015],{"class":67},[57,75154,116],{"class":80},[57,75156,972],{"class":67},[57,75158,122],{"class":80},[57,75160,2003],{"class":67},[15,75162,131],{},[48,75164,75166],{"className":50,"code":75165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30]\n",[19,75167,75168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75169,75170,75172,75174],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75171,2015],{"class":67},[57,75173,35003],{"class":80},[57,75175,1742],{"class":67},[15,75177,11909],{},[27,75179,75180,75186],{},[30,75181,75182,75185],{},[19,75183,75184],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[30,75187,75188,75191],{},[19,75189,75190],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[15,75193,75194],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[27,75196,75197,75200],{},[30,75198,75199],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[30,75201,75202],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[15,75204,275],{},[48,75206,75208],{"className":50,"code":75207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[19,75209,75210,75230,75234],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75211,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75213,1724],{"class":285},[57,75215,289],{"class":76},[57,75217,1729],{"class":67},[57,75219,407],{"class":80},[57,75221,1081],{"class":67},[57,75223,5921],{"class":80},[57,75225,1081],{"class":67},[57,75227,5926],{"class":80},[57,75229,1742],{"class":67},[57,75231,75232],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75233,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,75235,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,75237,64],{"class":63},[57,75239,68],{"class":67},[57,75241,1756],{"class":238},[57,75243,2015],{"class":67},[57,75245,199],{"class":80},[57,75247,972],{"class":67},[57,75249,407],{"class":80},[57,75251,2003],{"class":67},[15,75253,131],{},[48,75255,75256],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,75257,75258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75259,75260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75261,36460],{"class":67},[15,75263,75264],{},"But this would raise an error:",[48,75266,75268],{"className":50,"code":75267,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[19,75269,75270,75290,75294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75271,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75273,1724],{"class":285},[57,75275,289],{"class":76},[57,75277,1729],{"class":67},[57,75279,407],{"class":80},[57,75281,1081],{"class":67},[57,75283,5921],{"class":80},[57,75285,1081],{"class":67},[57,75287,5926],{"class":80},[57,75289,1742],{"class":67},[57,75291,75292],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75293,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,75295,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,75297,64],{"class":63},[57,75299,68],{"class":67},[57,75301,1756],{"class":238},[57,75303,2015],{"class":67},[57,75305,199],{"class":80},[57,75307,2003],{"class":67},[15,75309,75310,75311,498],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[373,75312,67432],{"href":67431},[43,75314,13324],{"id":75315},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[15,75317,75318],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[27,75320,75321,75325,75327,75330,75336],{},[30,75322,2824,75323,73914],{},[19,75324,73599],{},[30,75326,58864],{},[30,75328,75329],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[30,75331,35366,75332,6840,75334],{},[19,75333,74234],{},[19,75335,71699],{},[30,75337,75338,75339,75341],{},"Using step ",[19,75340,182],{},", which causes an error",[616,75343,75345],{"id":75344},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[48,75347,75349],{"className":50,"code":75348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[19,75350,75351,75379],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75352,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75354,1724],{"class":285},[57,75356,289],{"class":76},[57,75358,1729],{"class":67},[57,75360,407],{"class":80},[57,75362,1081],{"class":67},[57,75364,5921],{"class":80},[57,75366,1081],{"class":67},[57,75368,5926],{"class":80},[57,75370,1081],{"class":67},[57,75372,49012],{"class":80},[57,75374,1081],{"class":67},[57,75376,3202],{"class":80},[57,75378,1742],{"class":67},[57,75380,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75382,64],{"class":63},[57,75384,68],{"class":67},[57,75386,1756],{"class":238},[57,75388,2015],{"class":67},[57,75390,1078],{"class":80},[57,75392,972],{"class":67},[57,75394,585],{"class":80},[57,75396,2003],{"class":67},[15,75398,75399],{},"This returns:",[48,75401,75403],{"className":50,"code":75402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[19,75404,75405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75406,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417,75419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75408,2015],{"class":67},[57,75410,13902],{"class":80},[57,75412,1081],{"class":67},[57,75414,5926],{"class":80},[57,75416,1081],{"class":67},[57,75418,49012],{"class":80},[57,75420,1742],{"class":67},[15,75422,39070,75423,75425,75426,75428,75429,498],{},[1854,75424,2750],{}," include ",[19,75427,74967],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[19,75430,585],{},[616,75432,75434],{"id":75433},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[15,75436,14792],{},[48,75438,75440],{"className":50,"code":75439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[19,75441,75442,75462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75443,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75445,1724],{"class":285},[57,75447,289],{"class":76},[57,75449,1729],{"class":67},[57,75451,407],{"class":80},[57,75453,1081],{"class":67},[57,75455,5921],{"class":80},[57,75457,1081],{"class":67},[57,75459,5926],{"class":80},[57,75461,1742],{"class":67},[57,75463,75464],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75465,75466],{"class":1772},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,75468,75469],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[48,75471,75473],{"className":50,"code":75472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[19,75474,75475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75476,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75478,64],{"class":63},[57,75480,68],{"class":67},[57,75482,1756],{"class":238},[57,75484,2015],{"class":67},[57,75486,1078],{"class":80},[57,75488,972],{"class":67},[57,75490,122],{"class":80},[57,75492,2003],{"class":67},[616,75494,75496],{"id":75495},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[15,75498,75499],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[48,75501,75503],{"className":50,"code":75502,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,75504,75505,75529,75543,75547,75557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75506,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75508,1724],{"class":285},[57,75510,289],{"class":76},[57,75512,1729],{"class":67},[57,75514,407],{"class":80},[57,75516,1081],{"class":67},[57,75518,5921],{"class":80},[57,75520,1081],{"class":67},[57,75522,5926],{"class":80},[57,75524,1081],{"class":67},[57,75526,49012],{"class":80},[57,75528,1742],{"class":67},[57,75530,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75532,73832],{"class":285},[57,75534,289],{"class":76},[57,75536,2380],{"class":285},[57,75538,73708],{"class":67},[57,75540,116],{"class":80},[57,75542,1742],{"class":67},[57,75544,75545],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,75546,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,75548,75549,75551,75553,75555],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,75550,64],{"class":63},[57,75552,68],{"class":67},[57,75554,73855],{"class":238},[57,75556,242],{"class":67},[57,75558,75559,75561,75563,75565],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,75560,64],{"class":63},[57,75562,68],{"class":67},[57,75564,1756],{"class":238},[57,75566,242],{"class":67},[15,75568,131],{},[48,75570,75572],{"className":50,"code":75571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[19,75573,75574,75586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75575,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75577,2015],{"class":67},[57,75579,407],{"class":80},[57,75581,1081],{"class":67},[57,75583,5921],{"class":80},[57,75585,1742],{"class":67},[57,75587,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75589,2015],{"class":67},[57,75591,407],{"class":80},[57,75593,1081],{"class":67},[57,75595,5921],{"class":80},[57,75597,1081],{"class":67},[57,75599,5926],{"class":80},[57,75601,1081],{"class":67},[57,75603,49012],{"class":80},[57,75605,1742],{"class":67},[15,75607,75608],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[616,75610,75612,75613,6840,75615],{"id":75611},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[19,75614,74234],{},[19,75616,71699],{},[48,75618,75620],{"className":50,"code":75619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,75621,75622,75642,75646,75663,75674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75623,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75625,1724],{"class":285},[57,75627,289],{"class":76},[57,75629,1729],{"class":67},[57,75631,407],{"class":80},[57,75633,1081],{"class":67},[57,75635,5921],{"class":80},[57,75637,1081],{"class":67},[57,75639,5926],{"class":80},[57,75641,1742],{"class":67},[57,75643,75644],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75645,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,75647,75648,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,75649,75650],{"class":285},"reversed_copy ",[57,75652,289],{"class":76},[57,75654,2380],{"class":285},[57,75656,72295],{"class":67},[57,75658,77],{"class":76},[57,75660,1078],{"class":80},[57,75662,1742],{"class":67},[57,75664,75665,75667,75669,75672],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,75666,64],{"class":63},[57,75668,68],{"class":67},[57,75670,75671],{"class":238},"reversed_copy",[57,75673,242],{"class":67},[57,75675,75676,75678,75680,75682],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,75677,64],{"class":63},[57,75679,68],{"class":67},[57,75681,1756],{"class":238},[57,75683,242],{"class":67},[15,75685,131],{},[48,75687,75689],{"className":50,"code":75688,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[19,75690,75691,75707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75692,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75694,2015],{"class":67},[57,75696,35003],{"class":80},[57,75698,1081],{"class":67},[57,75700,5921],{"class":80},[57,75702,1081],{"class":67},[57,75704,4130],{"class":80},[57,75706,1742],{"class":67},[57,75708,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75710,2015],{"class":67},[57,75712,407],{"class":80},[57,75714,1081],{"class":67},[57,75716,5921],{"class":80},[57,75718,1081],{"class":67},[57,75720,5926],{"class":80},[57,75722,1742],{"class":67},[15,75724,75725,75728],{},[19,75726,75727],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[15,75730,75731,75732,75735],{},"By contrast, ",[19,75733,75734],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[616,75737,75739],{"id":75738},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[15,75741,75742],{},"This is not allowed:",[48,75744,75746],{"className":50,"code":75745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[19,75747,75748,75768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75749,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75751,1724],{"class":285},[57,75753,289],{"class":76},[57,75755,1729],{"class":67},[57,75757,407],{"class":80},[57,75759,1081],{"class":67},[57,75761,5921],{"class":80},[57,75763,1081],{"class":67},[57,75765,5926],{"class":80},[57,75767,1742],{"class":67},[57,75769,75770],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75771,75772],{"class":1772},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,75774,75775,75776,498],{},"Python will raise a ",[19,75777,38868],{},[43,75779,75781],{"id":75780},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[15,75783,75784],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[27,75786,75787,75794,75800,75803,75806],{},[30,75788,35366,75789,2511,75791,75793],{},[19,75790,34233],{},[19,75792,73599],{}," positions",[30,75795,75796,75797,75799],{},"Assuming the ",[19,75798,73599],{}," index is included",[30,75801,75802],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[30,75804,75805],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[30,75807,75808],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[15,75810,75811],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[48,75813,75815],{"className":50,"code":75814,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[19,75816,75817,75827,75841,75859,75873,75890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75818,75819,75821,75823,75825],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75820,64],{"class":63},[57,75822,68],{"class":67},[57,75824,6472],{"class":238},[57,75826,242],{"class":67},[57,75828,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,75830,64],{"class":63},[57,75832,68],{"class":67},[57,75834,9302],{"class":63},[57,75836,68],{"class":67},[57,75838,6472],{"class":238},[57,75840,84],{"class":67},[57,75842,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,75844,64],{"class":63},[57,75846,68],{"class":67},[57,75848,6472],{"class":238},[57,75850,2015],{"class":67},[57,75852,1078],{"class":80},[57,75854,972],{"class":67},[57,75856,585],{"class":80},[57,75858,2003],{"class":67},[57,75860,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,75862,64],{"class":63},[57,75864,68],{"class":67},[57,75866,6472],{"class":238},[57,75868,73708],{"class":67},[57,75870,122],{"class":80},[57,75872,2003],{"class":67},[57,75874,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,75876,64],{"class":63},[57,75878,68],{"class":67},[57,75880,6472],{"class":238},[57,75882,2015],{"class":67},[57,75884,77],{"class":76},[57,75886,122],{"class":80},[57,75888,75889],{"class":67},":])\n",[57,75891,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,75893,64],{"class":63},[57,75895,68],{"class":67},[57,75897,6472],{"class":238},[57,75899,72295],{"class":67},[57,75901,77],{"class":76},[57,75903,1078],{"class":80},[57,75905,2003],{"class":67},[15,75907,6551,75908,75910,75911,75915],{},[19,75909,40526],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[373,75912,75914],{"href":75913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[43,75917,1554],{"id":1553},[616,75919,75921],{"id":75920},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[15,75923,75924],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[616,75926,75928],{"id":75927},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[15,75930,75931],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[616,75933,3264,75935,38124],{"id":75934},"what-does-list-1-do",[19,75936,74234],{},[15,75938,75939],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[616,75941,75943,75944,572],{"id":75942},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[19,75945,68904],{},[15,75947,75948],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[43,75950,1602],{"id":1601},[27,75952,75953,75958,75963,75967,75971,75975],{},[30,75954,75955],{},[373,75956,75957],{"href":49148},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75959,75960],{},[373,75961,75962],{"href":55324},"How to create a list in Python",[30,75964,75965],{},[373,75966,13112],{"href":55390},[30,75968,75969],{},[373,75970,72980],{"href":72979},[30,75972,75973],{},[373,75974,75914],{"href":75913},[30,75976,75977],{},[373,75978,67432],{"href":67431},[15,75980,75981,75982,75984],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[19,75983,40526],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1634,75986,75987],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":75989},[75990,75991,75992,75993,75994,75995,75998,76002,76010,76011,76019],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":73763,"depth":87,"text":73764},{"id":73926,"depth":87,"text":73927},{"id":74188,"depth":87,"text":74189},{"id":74482,"depth":87,"text":74483},{"id":74728,"depth":87,"text":74729,"children":75996},[75997],{"id":74986,"depth":103,"text":74987},{"id":75040,"depth":87,"text":75041,"children":75999},[76000,76001],{"id":75047,"depth":103,"text":75048},{"id":75108,"depth":103,"text":75109},{"id":75315,"depth":87,"text":13324,"children":76003},[76004,76005,76006,76007,76009],{"id":75344,"depth":103,"text":75345},{"id":75433,"depth":103,"text":75434},{"id":75495,"depth":103,"text":75496},{"id":75611,"depth":103,"text":76008},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":75738,"depth":103,"text":75739},{"id":75780,"depth":87,"text":75781},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":76012},[76013,76014,76015,76017],{"id":75920,"depth":103,"text":75921},{"id":75927,"depth":103,"text":75928},{"id":75934,"depth":103,"text":76016},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":75942,"depth":103,"text":76018},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":73586,"description":76020},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":76027,"title":76028,"body":76029,"description":78098,"extension":1666,"meta":78099,"navigation":317,"path":78100,"seo":78101,"stem":78102,"__hash__":78103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":8,"value":76030,"toc":78064},[76031,76036,76042,76048,76050,76097,76104,76109,76113,76128,76131,76184,76186,76211,76216,76218,76250,76253,76269,76271,76332,76334,76359,76363,76368,76421,76423,76448,76453,76514,76516,76541,76544,76551,76555,76558,76619,76621,76654,76657,76718,76720,76753,76759,76832,76834,76866,76873,76878,76883,76885,76897,76900,76978,76980,77021,77024,77098,77100,77133,77138,77145,77152,77156,77165,77169,77177,77179,77246,77248,77284,77289,77300,77302,77307,77312,77314,77377,77379,77404,77411,77416,77420,77423,77463,77468,77474,77479,77481,77508,77513,77516,77563,77565,77622,77629,77634,77640,77709,77713,77716,77779,77781,77814,77819,77821,77824,77905,77907,77931,77937,77939,77944,77948,77955,77963,77967,77969,77992,77996,77998,78025,78028,78035,78038,78040,78061],[11,76032,52512,76034,9463],{"id":76033},"python-list-sort-method",[19,76035,62484],{},[15,76037,76038,76041],{},[19,76039,76040],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[15,76043,76044,76045,76047],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[19,76046,62484],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[43,76049,46],{"id":45},[48,76051,76053],{"className":50,"code":76052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[19,76054,76055,76075,76085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76056,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76058,1724],{"class":285},[57,76060,289],{"class":76},[57,76062,1729],{"class":67},[57,76064,122],{"class":80},[57,76066,1081],{"class":67},[57,76068,3622],{"class":80},[57,76070,1081],{"class":67},[57,76072,1084],{"class":80},[57,76074,1742],{"class":67},[57,76076,76077,76079,76081,76083],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76078,1756],{"class":285},[57,76080,498],{"class":67},[57,76082,32958],{"class":238},[57,76084,6778],{"class":67},[57,76086,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76088,64],{"class":63},[57,76090,68],{"class":67},[57,76092,1756],{"class":238},[57,76094,1769],{"class":67},[57,76096,53102],{"class":1772},[15,76098,154,76099,76101,76102,498],{},[19,76100,76040],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[19,76103,1890],{},[43,76105,1787,76107,1790],{"id":76106},"what-listsort-does",[19,76108,76040],{},[15,76110,76111,972],{},[19,76112,76040],{},[27,76114,76115,76118,76121,76125],{},[30,76116,76117],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[30,76119,76120],{},"Changes the original list",[30,76122,9565,76123],{},[19,76124,1890],{},[30,76126,76127],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[15,76129,76130],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[48,76132,76134],{"className":50,"code":76133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,76135,76136,76160,76170,76174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76137,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76139,1724],{"class":285},[57,76141,289],{"class":76},[57,76143,1729],{"class":67},[57,76145,199],{"class":80},[57,76147,1081],{"class":67},[57,76149,1084],{"class":80},[57,76151,1081],{"class":67},[57,76153,52306],{"class":80},[57,76155,1081],{"class":67},[57,76157,3622],{"class":80},[57,76159,1742],{"class":67},[57,76161,76162,76164,76166,76168],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76163,1756],{"class":285},[57,76165,498],{"class":67},[57,76167,32958],{"class":238},[57,76169,6778],{"class":67},[57,76171,76172],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76173,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76175,76176,76178,76180,76182],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76177,64],{"class":63},[57,76179,68],{"class":67},[57,76181,1756],{"class":238},[57,76183,242],{"class":67},[15,76185,131],{},[48,76187,76189],{"className":50,"code":76188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[19,76190,76191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76192,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76194,2015],{"class":67},[57,76196,1078],{"class":80},[57,76198,1081],{"class":67},[57,76200,1084],{"class":80},[57,76202,1081],{"class":67},[57,76204,2724],{"class":80},[57,76206,1081],{"class":67},[57,76208,52306],{"class":80},[57,76210,1742],{"class":67},[15,76212,76213,76214,498],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[373,76215,65250],{"href":49148},[43,76217,221],{"id":220},[48,76219,76221],{"className":50,"code":76220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[19,76222,76223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76224,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76244,76246,76248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76226,6472],{"class":285},[57,76228,498],{"class":67},[57,76230,32958],{"class":238},[57,76232,68],{"class":67},[57,76234,12988],{"class":7312},[57,76236,289],{"class":76},[57,76238,1890],{"class":1965},[57,76240,1081],{"class":67},[57,76242,76243],{"class":7312}," reverse",[57,76245,289],{"class":76},[57,76247,1783],{"class":1965},[57,76249,242],{"class":67},[15,76251,76252],{},"Main arguments:",[27,76254,76255,76260,76266],{},[30,76256,76257,76259],{},[19,76258,12988],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[30,76261,76262,76265],{},[19,76263,76264],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[30,76267,76268],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[15,76270,275],{},[48,76272,76274],{"className":50,"code":76273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,76275,76276,76300,76318,76322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76277,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76279,1724],{"class":285},[57,76281,289],{"class":76},[57,76283,1729],{"class":67},[57,76285,585],{"class":80},[57,76287,1081],{"class":67},[57,76289,3622],{"class":80},[57,76291,1081],{"class":67},[57,76293,4119],{"class":80},[57,76295,1081],{"class":67},[57,76297,1084],{"class":80},[57,76299,1742],{"class":67},[57,76301,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314,76316],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76303,1756],{"class":285},[57,76305,498],{"class":67},[57,76307,32958],{"class":238},[57,76309,68],{"class":67},[57,76311,71750],{"class":7312},[57,76313,289],{"class":76},[57,76315,1709],{"class":1965},[57,76317,242],{"class":67},[57,76319,76320],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76321,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76323,76324,76326,76328,76330],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76325,64],{"class":63},[57,76327,68],{"class":67},[57,76329,1756],{"class":238},[57,76331,242],{"class":67},[15,76333,131],{},[48,76335,76337],{"className":50,"code":76336,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[19,76338,76339],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76340,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76342,2015],{"class":67},[57,76344,81],{"class":80},[57,76346,1081],{"class":67},[57,76348,536],{"class":80},[57,76350,1081],{"class":67},[57,76352,1084],{"class":80},[57,76354,1081],{"class":67},[57,76356,3622],{"class":80},[57,76358,1742],{"class":67},[43,76360,76362],{"id":76361},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[15,76364,154,76365,76367],{},[19,76366,62484],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[48,76369,76371],{"className":50,"code":76370,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,76372,76373,76397,76407,76411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76374,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76376,1724],{"class":285},[57,76378,289],{"class":76},[57,76380,1729],{"class":67},[57,76382,407],{"class":80},[57,76384,1081],{"class":67},[57,76386,530],{"class":80},[57,76388,1081],{"class":67},[57,76390,4486],{"class":80},[57,76392,1081],{"class":67},[57,76394,3622],{"class":80},[57,76396,1742],{"class":67},[57,76398,76399,76401,76403,76405],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76400,1756],{"class":285},[57,76402,498],{"class":67},[57,76404,32958],{"class":238},[57,76406,6778],{"class":67},[57,76408,76409],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76410,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76412,76413,76415,76417,76419],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76414,64],{"class":63},[57,76416,68],{"class":67},[57,76418,1756],{"class":238},[57,76420,242],{"class":67},[15,76422,131],{},[48,76424,76426],{"className":50,"code":76425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[19,76427,76428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76429,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76431,2015],{"class":67},[57,76433,1078],{"class":80},[57,76435,1081],{"class":67},[57,76437,530],{"class":80},[57,76439,1081],{"class":67},[57,76441,4486],{"class":80},[57,76443,1081],{"class":67},[57,76445,4130],{"class":80},[57,76447,1742],{"class":67},[15,76449,154,76450,76452],{},[19,76451,76264],{}," for descending order:",[48,76454,76456],{"className":50,"code":76455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,76457,76458,76482,76500,76504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76459,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76461,1724],{"class":285},[57,76463,289],{"class":76},[57,76465,1729],{"class":67},[57,76467,407],{"class":80},[57,76469,1081],{"class":67},[57,76471,530],{"class":80},[57,76473,1081],{"class":67},[57,76475,4486],{"class":80},[57,76477,1081],{"class":67},[57,76479,3622],{"class":80},[57,76481,1742],{"class":67},[57,76483,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76485,1756],{"class":285},[57,76487,498],{"class":67},[57,76489,32958],{"class":238},[57,76491,68],{"class":67},[57,76493,71750],{"class":7312},[57,76495,289],{"class":76},[57,76497,1709],{"class":1965},[57,76499,242],{"class":67},[57,76501,76502],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76503,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76505,76506,76508,76510,76512],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76507,64],{"class":63},[57,76509,68],{"class":67},[57,76511,1756],{"class":238},[57,76513,242],{"class":67},[15,76515,131],{},[48,76517,76519],{"className":50,"code":76518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[19,76520,76521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76522,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76524,2015],{"class":67},[57,76526,407],{"class":80},[57,76528,1081],{"class":67},[57,76530,4486],{"class":80},[57,76532,1081],{"class":67},[57,76534,530],{"class":80},[57,76536,1081],{"class":67},[57,76538,3622],{"class":80},[57,76540,1742],{"class":67},[15,76542,76543],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[15,76545,76546,76547,498],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[373,76548,76550],{"href":76549},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[43,76552,76554],{"id":76553},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[15,76556,76557],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[48,76559,76561],{"className":50,"code":76560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,76562,76563,76595,76605,76609],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76564,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76566,2186],{"class":285},[57,76568,289],{"class":76},[57,76570,1729],{"class":67},[57,76572,939],{"class":938},[57,76574,2204],{"class":942},[57,76576,939],{"class":938},[57,76578,1081],{"class":67},[57,76580,1449],{"class":938},[57,76582,2195],{"class":942},[57,76584,939],{"class":938},[57,76586,1081],{"class":67},[57,76588,1449],{"class":938},[57,76590,2213],{"class":942},[57,76592,939],{"class":938},[57,76594,1742],{"class":67},[57,76596,76597,76599,76601,76603],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76598,2230],{"class":285},[57,76600,498],{"class":67},[57,76602,32958],{"class":238},[57,76604,6778],{"class":67},[57,76606,76607],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76608,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76610,76611,76613,76615,76617],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76612,64],{"class":63},[57,76614,68],{"class":67},[57,76616,2230],{"class":238},[57,76618,242],{"class":67},[15,76620,131],{},[48,76622,76624],{"className":50,"code":76623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[19,76625,76626],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76627,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76629,2015],{"class":67},[57,76631,1395],{"class":938},[57,76633,2195],{"class":942},[57,76635,1395],{"class":938},[57,76637,1081],{"class":67},[57,76639,1390],{"class":938},[57,76641,2204],{"class":942},[57,76643,1395],{"class":938},[57,76645,1081],{"class":67},[57,76647,1390],{"class":938},[57,76649,2213],{"class":942},[57,76651,1395],{"class":938},[57,76653,1742],{"class":67},[15,76655,76656],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[48,76658,76660],{"className":50,"code":76659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,76661,76662,76694,76704,76708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76663,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76665,2186],{"class":285},[57,76667,289],{"class":76},[57,76669,1729],{"class":67},[57,76671,939],{"class":938},[57,76673,2204],{"class":942},[57,76675,939],{"class":938},[57,76677,1081],{"class":67},[57,76679,1449],{"class":938},[57,76681,55939],{"class":942},[57,76683,939],{"class":938},[57,76685,1081],{"class":67},[57,76687,1449],{"class":938},[57,76689,2213],{"class":942},[57,76691,939],{"class":938},[57,76693,1742],{"class":67},[57,76695,76696,76698,76700,76702],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76697,2230],{"class":285},[57,76699,498],{"class":67},[57,76701,32958],{"class":238},[57,76703,6778],{"class":67},[57,76705,76706],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76707,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76709,76710,76712,76714,76716],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76711,64],{"class":63},[57,76713,68],{"class":67},[57,76715,2230],{"class":238},[57,76717,242],{"class":67},[15,76719,131],{},[48,76721,76723],{"className":50,"code":76722,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[19,76724,76725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76726,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76728,2015],{"class":67},[57,76730,1395],{"class":938},[57,76732,55939],{"class":942},[57,76734,1395],{"class":938},[57,76736,1081],{"class":67},[57,76738,1390],{"class":938},[57,76740,2204],{"class":942},[57,76742,1395],{"class":938},[57,76744,1081],{"class":67},[57,76746,1390],{"class":938},[57,76748,2213],{"class":942},[57,76750,1395],{"class":938},[57,76752,1742],{"class":67},[15,76754,76755,76756,972],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[19,76757,76758],{},"key=str.lower",[48,76760,76762],{"className":50,"code":76761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,76763,76764,76796,76818,76822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76765,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76767,2186],{"class":285},[57,76769,289],{"class":76},[57,76771,1729],{"class":67},[57,76773,939],{"class":938},[57,76775,2204],{"class":942},[57,76777,939],{"class":938},[57,76779,1081],{"class":67},[57,76781,1449],{"class":938},[57,76783,55939],{"class":942},[57,76785,939],{"class":938},[57,76787,1081],{"class":67},[57,76789,1449],{"class":938},[57,76791,2213],{"class":942},[57,76793,939],{"class":938},[57,76795,1742],{"class":67},[57,76797,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76799,2230],{"class":285},[57,76801,498],{"class":67},[57,76803,32958],{"class":238},[57,76805,68],{"class":67},[57,76807,12988],{"class":7312},[57,76809,289],{"class":76},[57,76811,1541],{"class":990},[57,76813,498],{"class":67},[57,76815,6775],{"class":22903},[57,76817,242],{"class":67},[57,76819,76820],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76821,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76823,76824,76826,76828,76830],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76825,64],{"class":63},[57,76827,68],{"class":67},[57,76829,2230],{"class":238},[57,76831,242],{"class":67},[15,76833,131],{},[48,76835,76836],{"className":50,"code":76722,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,76837,76838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76839,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76841,2015],{"class":67},[57,76843,1395],{"class":938},[57,76845,55939],{"class":942},[57,76847,1395],{"class":938},[57,76849,1081],{"class":67},[57,76851,1390],{"class":938},[57,76853,2204],{"class":942},[57,76855,1395],{"class":938},[57,76857,1081],{"class":67},[57,76859,1390],{"class":938},[57,76861,2213],{"class":942},[57,76863,1395],{"class":938},[57,76865,1742],{"class":67},[15,76867,76868,76869,76872],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[19,76870,76871],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[43,76874,34774,76876,34777],{"id":76875},"using-the-key-argument",[19,76877,12988],{},[15,76879,17,76880,76882],{},[19,76881,12988],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[15,76884,5472],{},[27,76886,76887,76892],{},[30,76888,76889,76891],{},[19,76890,9302],{}," to sort by length",[30,76893,76894,76896],{},[19,76895,76871],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[15,76898,76899],{},"Sort words by length:",[48,76901,76903],{"className":50,"code":76902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,76904,76905,76946,76964,76968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76906,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76908,2186],{"class":285},[57,76910,289],{"class":76},[57,76912,1729],{"class":67},[57,76914,939],{"class":938},[57,76916,76917],{"class":942},"pear",[57,76919,939],{"class":938},[57,76921,1081],{"class":67},[57,76923,1449],{"class":938},[57,76925,2204],{"class":942},[57,76927,939],{"class":938},[57,76929,1081],{"class":67},[57,76931,1449],{"class":938},[57,76933,36521],{"class":942},[57,76935,939],{"class":938},[57,76937,1081],{"class":67},[57,76939,1449],{"class":938},[57,76941,2195],{"class":942},[57,76943,939],{"class":938},[57,76945,1742],{"class":67},[57,76947,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,76949,2230],{"class":285},[57,76951,498],{"class":67},[57,76953,32958],{"class":238},[57,76955,68],{"class":67},[57,76957,12988],{"class":7312},[57,76959,289],{"class":76},[57,76961,9302],{"class":63},[57,76963,242],{"class":67},[57,76965,76966],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,76967,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,76969,76970,76972,76974,76976],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,76971,64],{"class":63},[57,76973,68],{"class":67},[57,76975,2230],{"class":238},[57,76977,242],{"class":67},[15,76979,131],{},[48,76981,76983],{"className":50,"code":76982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[19,76984,76985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76986,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76988,2015],{"class":67},[57,76990,1395],{"class":938},[57,76992,36521],{"class":942},[57,76994,1395],{"class":938},[57,76996,1081],{"class":67},[57,76998,1390],{"class":938},[57,77000,76917],{"class":942},[57,77002,1395],{"class":938},[57,77004,1081],{"class":67},[57,77006,1390],{"class":938},[57,77008,2195],{"class":942},[57,77010,1395],{"class":938},[57,77012,1081],{"class":67},[57,77014,1390],{"class":938},[57,77016,2204],{"class":942},[57,77018,1395],{"class":938},[57,77020,1742],{"class":67},[15,77022,77023],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[48,77025,77027],{"className":50,"code":77026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,77028,77029,77062,77084,77088],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77058,77060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77032,2186],{"class":285},[57,77034,289],{"class":76},[57,77036,1729],{"class":67},[57,77038,939],{"class":938},[57,77040,3134],{"class":942},[57,77042,939],{"class":938},[57,77044,1081],{"class":67},[57,77046,1449],{"class":938},[57,77048,15953],{"class":942},[57,77050,939],{"class":938},[57,77052,1081],{"class":67},[57,77054,1449],{"class":938},[57,77056,77057],{"class":942},"Carol",[57,77059,939],{"class":938},[57,77061,1742],{"class":67},[57,77063,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77065,2230],{"class":285},[57,77067,498],{"class":67},[57,77069,32958],{"class":238},[57,77071,68],{"class":67},[57,77073,12988],{"class":7312},[57,77075,289],{"class":76},[57,77077,1541],{"class":990},[57,77079,498],{"class":67},[57,77081,6775],{"class":22903},[57,77083,242],{"class":67},[57,77085,77086],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,77087,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,77089,77090,77092,77094,77096],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,77091,64],{"class":63},[57,77093,68],{"class":67},[57,77095,2230],{"class":238},[57,77097,242],{"class":67},[15,77099,131],{},[48,77101,77103],{"className":50,"code":77102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[19,77104,77105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77106,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77108,2015],{"class":67},[57,77110,1395],{"class":938},[57,77112,15953],{"class":942},[57,77114,1395],{"class":938},[57,77116,1081],{"class":67},[57,77118,1390],{"class":938},[57,77120,3134],{"class":942},[57,77122,1395],{"class":938},[57,77124,1081],{"class":67},[57,77126,1390],{"class":938},[57,77128,77057],{"class":942},[57,77130,1395],{"class":938},[57,77132,1742],{"class":67},[15,77134,17,77135,77137],{},[19,77136,12988],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[43,77139,77141,8724,77143],{"id":77140},"listsort-vs-sorted",[19,77142,76040],{},[19,77144,72597],{},[15,77146,77147,2511,77149,77151],{},[19,77148,76040],{},[19,77150,72597],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[15,77153,77154,972],{},[19,77155,76040],{},[27,77157,77158,77161],{},[30,77159,77160],{},"Changes the existing list",[30,77162,9565,77163],{},[19,77164,1890],{},[15,77166,77167,972],{},[19,77168,72597],{},[27,77170,77171,77174],{},[30,77172,77173],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[30,77175,77176],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[15,77178,275],{},[48,77180,77182],{"className":50,"code":77181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[19,77183,77184,77204,77208,77222,77226,77236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77185,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77187,1724],{"class":285},[57,77189,289],{"class":76},[57,77191,1729],{"class":67},[57,77193,122],{"class":80},[57,77195,1081],{"class":67},[57,77197,3622],{"class":80},[57,77199,1081],{"class":67},[57,77201,1084],{"class":80},[57,77203,1742],{"class":67},[57,77205,77206],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77207,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,77209,77210,77212,77214,77216,77218,77220],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,77211,54060],{"class":285},[57,77213,289],{"class":76},[57,77215,72731],{"class":63},[57,77217,68],{"class":67},[57,77219,1756],{"class":238},[57,77221,242],{"class":67},[57,77223,77224],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,77225,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,77227,77228,77230,77232,77234],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,77229,64],{"class":63},[57,77231,68],{"class":67},[57,77233,1756],{"class":238},[57,77235,242],{"class":67},[57,77237,77238,77240,77242,77244],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,77239,64],{"class":63},[57,77241,68],{"class":67},[57,77243,72454],{"class":238},[57,77245,242],{"class":67},[15,77247,131],{},[48,77249,77250],{"className":50,"code":72766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,77251,77252,77268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77253,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77255,2015],{"class":67},[57,77257,122],{"class":80},[57,77259,1081],{"class":67},[57,77261,3622],{"class":80},[57,77263,1081],{"class":67},[57,77265,1084],{"class":80},[57,77267,1742],{"class":67},[57,77269,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77271,2015],{"class":67},[57,77273,1078],{"class":80},[57,77275,1081],{"class":67},[57,77277,1084],{"class":80},[57,77279,1081],{"class":67},[57,77281,530],{"class":80},[57,77283,1742],{"class":67},[15,77285,154,77286,77288],{},[19,77287,72597],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[15,77290,77291,77292,2511,77296,498],{},"You can learn more in ",[373,77293,1680,77294,3908],{"href":72694},[19,77295,72597],{},[373,77297,77299],{"href":77298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[43,77301,913],{"id":912},[15,77303,77304,77305,498],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[19,77306,76040],{},[616,77308,10738,77310],{"id":77309},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[19,77311,62484],{},[15,77313,23844],{},[48,77315,77317],{"className":50,"code":77316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,77318,77319,77339,77353,77357,77367],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77320,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335,77337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77322,1724],{"class":285},[57,77324,289],{"class":76},[57,77326,1729],{"class":67},[57,77328,122],{"class":80},[57,77330,1081],{"class":67},[57,77332,3622],{"class":80},[57,77334,1081],{"class":67},[57,77336,1084],{"class":80},[57,77338,1742],{"class":67},[57,77340,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77342,300],{"class":285},[57,77344,289],{"class":76},[57,77346,2380],{"class":285},[57,77348,498],{"class":67},[57,77350,32958],{"class":238},[57,77352,6778],{"class":67},[57,77354,77355],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,77356,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,77358,77359,77361,77363,77365],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,77360,64],{"class":63},[57,77362,68],{"class":67},[57,77364,339],{"class":238},[57,77366,242],{"class":67},[57,77368,77369,77371,77373,77375],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,77370,64],{"class":63},[57,77372,68],{"class":67},[57,77374,1756],{"class":238},[57,77376,242],{"class":67},[15,77378,131],{},[48,77380,77382],{"className":50,"code":77381,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[19,77383,77384,77388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77385,77386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77387,9951],{"class":1965},[57,77389,77390,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77391,2015],{"class":67},[57,77393,1078],{"class":80},[57,77395,1081],{"class":67},[57,77397,1084],{"class":80},[57,77399,1081],{"class":67},[57,77401,530],{"class":80},[57,77403,1742],{"class":67},[15,77405,77406,77408,77409,498],{},[19,77407,62484],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[19,77410,1890],{},[15,77412,77413,77414,4759],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[19,77415,72597],{},[616,77417,77419],{"id":77418},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[15,77421,77422],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[48,77424,77426],{"className":50,"code":77425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[19,77427,77428,77453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77429,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77445,77447,77449,77451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77431,5910],{"class":285},[57,77433,289],{"class":76},[57,77435,1729],{"class":67},[57,77437,1078],{"class":80},[57,77439,1081],{"class":67},[57,77441,1449],{"class":938},[57,77443,77444],{"class":942},"two",[57,77446,939],{"class":938},[57,77448,1081],{"class":67},[57,77450,530],{"class":80},[57,77452,1742],{"class":67},[57,77454,77455,77457,77459,77461],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77456,5941],{"class":285},[57,77458,498],{"class":67},[57,77460,32958],{"class":238},[57,77462,6778],{"class":67},[15,77464,1094,77465,77467],{},[19,77466,1097],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[616,77469,2824,77471,77473],{"id":77470},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[19,77472,62484],{}," only works on lists",[15,77475,77476,77478],{},[19,77477,62484],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[15,77480,14792],{},[48,77482,77484],{"className":50,"code":77483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[19,77485,77486,77498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77487,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77489,32846],{"class":285},[57,77491,289],{"class":76},[57,77493,1449],{"class":938},[57,77495,52],{"class":942},[57,77497,1455],{"class":938},[57,77499,77500,77502,77504,77506],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77501,32867],{"class":285},[57,77503,498],{"class":67},[57,77505,32958],{"class":238},[57,77507,6778],{"class":67},[15,77509,77510,77511,31758],{},"Strings do not have a ",[19,77512,62484],{},[15,77514,77515],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[48,77517,77519],{"className":50,"code":77518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[19,77520,77521,77539,77549,77553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77522,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77524,34251],{"class":285},[57,77526,289],{"class":76},[57,77528,20712],{"class":990},[57,77530,68],{"class":67},[57,77532,939],{"class":938},[57,77534,52],{"class":942},[57,77536,939],{"class":938},[57,77538,242],{"class":67},[57,77540,77541,77543,77545,77547],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77542,34304],{"class":285},[57,77544,498],{"class":67},[57,77546,32958],{"class":238},[57,77548,6778],{"class":67},[57,77550,77551],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,77552,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,77554,77555,77557,77559,77561],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,77556,64],{"class":63},[57,77558,68],{"class":67},[57,77560,34304],{"class":238},[57,77562,242],{"class":67},[15,77564,131],{},[48,77566,77568],{"className":50,"code":77567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[19,77569,77570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77571,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77573,2015],{"class":67},[57,77575,1395],{"class":938},[57,77577,58610],{"class":942},[57,77579,1395],{"class":938},[57,77581,1081],{"class":67},[57,77583,1390],{"class":938},[57,77585,74203],{"class":942},[57,77587,1395],{"class":938},[57,77589,1081],{"class":67},[57,77591,1390],{"class":938},[57,77593,58645],{"class":942},[57,77595,1395],{"class":938},[57,77597,1081],{"class":67},[57,77599,1390],{"class":938},[57,77601,15],{"class":942},[57,77603,1395],{"class":938},[57,77605,1081],{"class":67},[57,77607,1390],{"class":938},[57,77609,61459],{"class":942},[57,77611,1395],{"class":938},[57,77613,1081],{"class":67},[57,77615,1390],{"class":938},[57,77617,9888],{"class":942},[57,77619,1395],{"class":938},[57,77621,1742],{"class":67},[616,77623,77625,77626,77628],{"id":77624},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[19,77627,12988],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[15,77630,77631,77632,498],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[19,77633,12988],{},[15,77635,77636,77637,77639],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[19,77638,62484],{}," will not do that:",[48,77641,77643],{"className":50,"code":77642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,77644,77645,77677,77695,77699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77646,77647,77649,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673,77675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77648,2186],{"class":285},[57,77650,289],{"class":76},[57,77652,1729],{"class":67},[57,77654,939],{"class":938},[57,77656,2204],{"class":942},[57,77658,939],{"class":938},[57,77660,1081],{"class":67},[57,77662,1449],{"class":938},[57,77664,36521],{"class":942},[57,77666,939],{"class":938},[57,77668,1081],{"class":67},[57,77670,1449],{"class":938},[57,77672,2195],{"class":942},[57,77674,939],{"class":938},[57,77676,1742],{"class":67},[57,77678,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691,77693],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77680,2230],{"class":285},[57,77682,498],{"class":67},[57,77684,32958],{"class":238},[57,77686,68],{"class":67},[57,77688,12988],{"class":7312},[57,77690,289],{"class":76},[57,77692,9302],{"class":63},[57,77694,242],{"class":67},[57,77696,77697],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,77698,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,77700,77701,77703,77705,77707],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,77702,64],{"class":63},[57,77704,68],{"class":67},[57,77706,2230],{"class":238},[57,77708,242],{"class":67},[616,77710,77712],{"id":77711},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[15,77714,77715],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[48,77717,77719],{"className":50,"code":77718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,77720,77721,77755,77765,77769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77722,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77734,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748,77751,77753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77724,2186],{"class":285},[57,77726,289],{"class":76},[57,77728,1729],{"class":67},[57,77730,939],{"class":938},[57,77732,77733],{"class":942},"zebra",[57,77735,939],{"class":938},[57,77737,1081],{"class":67},[57,77739,1449],{"class":938},[57,77741,55939],{"class":942},[57,77743,939],{"class":938},[57,77745,1081],{"class":67},[57,77747,1449],{"class":938},[57,77749,77750],{"class":942},"monkey",[57,77752,939],{"class":938},[57,77754,1742],{"class":67},[57,77756,77757,77759,77761,77763],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77758,2230],{"class":285},[57,77760,498],{"class":67},[57,77762,32958],{"class":238},[57,77764,6778],{"class":67},[57,77766,77767],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,77768,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,77770,77771,77773,77775,77777],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,77772,64],{"class":63},[57,77774,68],{"class":67},[57,77776,2230],{"class":238},[57,77778,242],{"class":67},[15,77780,131],{},[48,77782,77784],{"className":50,"code":77783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[19,77785,77786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77787,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77789,2015],{"class":67},[57,77791,1395],{"class":938},[57,77793,55939],{"class":942},[57,77795,1395],{"class":938},[57,77797,1081],{"class":67},[57,77799,1390],{"class":938},[57,77801,77750],{"class":942},[57,77803,1395],{"class":938},[57,77805,1081],{"class":67},[57,77807,1390],{"class":938},[57,77809,77733],{"class":942},[57,77811,1395],{"class":938},[57,77813,1742],{"class":67},[15,77815,154,77816,77818],{},[19,77817,76758],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[616,77820,58882],{"id":58881},[15,77822,77823],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,77825,77827],{"className":50,"code":77826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[19,77828,77829,77839,77853,77867,77881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77830,77831,77833,77835,77837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77832,64],{"class":63},[57,77834,68],{"class":67},[57,77836,6472],{"class":238},[57,77838,242],{"class":67},[57,77840,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,77842,64],{"class":63},[57,77844,68],{"class":67},[57,77846,1315],{"class":990},[57,77848,68],{"class":67},[57,77850,6472],{"class":238},[57,77852,84],{"class":67},[57,77854,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,77856,64],{"class":63},[57,77858,68],{"class":67},[57,77860,6472],{"class":238},[57,77862,498],{"class":67},[57,77864,32958],{"class":238},[57,77866,5323],{"class":67},[57,77868,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,77870,64],{"class":63},[57,77872,68],{"class":67},[57,77874,72687],{"class":63},[57,77876,68],{"class":67},[57,77878,6472],{"class":238},[57,77880,84],{"class":67},[57,77882,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,77884,64],{"class":63},[57,77886,1075],{"class":67},[57,77888,1315],{"class":990},[57,77890,68],{"class":67},[57,77892,21463],{"class":238},[57,77894,1769],{"class":67},[57,77896,1991],{"class":1990},[57,77898,4086],{"class":238},[57,77900,1997],{"class":1990},[57,77902,6529],{"class":238},[57,77904,2003],{"class":67},[15,77906,9311],{},[27,77908,77909,77912,77915,77922,77928],{},[30,77910,77911],{},"What values are in the list",[30,77913,77914],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[30,77916,77917,77918,474,77920],{},"That ",[19,77919,62484],{},[19,77921,1890],{},[30,77923,77924,77925,77927],{},"Whether ",[19,77926,72597],{}," works better for your case",[30,77929,77930],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[15,77932,77933,77934,77936],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[19,77935,1097],{}," problems.",[43,77938,1554],{"id":1553},[616,77940,10848,77942,53639],{"id":77941},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[19,77943,76040],{},[15,77945,60775,77946,498],{},[19,77947,1890],{},[616,77949,3302,77951,2511,77953,572],{"id":77950},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[19,77952,62484],{},[19,77954,72597],{},[15,77956,77957,77959,77960,77962],{},[19,77958,62484],{}," changes the list itself. ",[19,77961,72597],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[616,77964,77966],{"id":77965},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[15,77968,16845],{},[48,77970,77972],{"className":50,"code":77971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[19,77973,77974],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77975,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77977,6472],{"class":285},[57,77979,498],{"class":67},[57,77981,32958],{"class":238},[57,77983,68],{"class":67},[57,77985,71750],{"class":7312},[57,77987,289],{"class":76},[57,77989,1709],{"class":1965},[57,77991,242],{"class":67},[616,77993,77995],{"id":77994},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[15,77997,16845],{},[48,77999,78001],{"className":50,"code":78000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[19,78002,78003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78004,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78006,6472],{"class":285},[57,78008,498],{"class":67},[57,78010,32958],{"class":238},[57,78012,68],{"class":67},[57,78014,12988],{"class":7312},[57,78016,289],{"class":76},[57,78018,1541],{"class":990},[57,78020,498],{"class":67},[57,78022,6775],{"class":22903},[57,78024,242],{"class":67},[15,78026,78027],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[616,78029,78031,78032,78034],{"id":78030},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[19,78033,1097],{}," when sorting?",[15,78036,78037],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[43,78039,1602],{"id":1601},[27,78041,78042,78047,78053,78057],{},[30,78043,78044],{},[373,78045,78046],{"href":76549},"How to sort a list in Python",[30,78048,78049],{},[373,78050,1680,78051,3908],{"href":72694},[19,78052,72597],{},[30,78054,78055],{},[373,78056,65250],{"href":49148},[30,78058,78059],{},[373,78060,77299],{"href":77298},[1634,78062,78063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":78065},[78066,78067,78069,78070,78071,78072,78074,78076,78087,78097],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":76106,"depth":87,"text":78068},"What list.sort() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":76361,"depth":87,"text":76362},{"id":76553,"depth":87,"text":76554},{"id":76875,"depth":87,"text":78073},"Using the key argument",{"id":77140,"depth":87,"text":78075},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":78077},[78078,78080,78081,78083,78085,78086],{"id":77309,"depth":103,"text":78079},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":77418,"depth":103,"text":77419},{"id":77470,"depth":103,"text":78082},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":77624,"depth":103,"text":78084},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":77711,"depth":103,"text":77712},{"id":58881,"depth":103,"text":58882},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":78088},[78089,78091,78093,78094,78095],{"id":77941,"depth":103,"text":78090},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":77950,"depth":103,"text":78092},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":77965,"depth":103,"text":77966},{"id":77994,"depth":103,"text":77995},{"id":78030,"depth":103,"text":78096},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":76028,"description":78098},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":78105,"title":78106,"body":78107,"description":80738,"extension":1666,"meta":80739,"navigation":317,"path":80740,"seo":80741,"stem":80742,"__hash__":80743},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":78108,"toc":80697},[78109,78114,78119,78122,78133,78136,78156,78158,78220,78222,78263,78272,78277,78282,78288,78299,78301,78320,78323,78328,78333,78335,78340,78354,78356,78374,78377,78394,78397,78403,78426,78431,78433,78436,78497,78499,78532,78534,78573,78581,78591,78597,78602,78695,78697,78721,78723,78741,78744,78775,78781,78786,78789,78791,78916,78918,78942,78944,78963,78969,78975,79094,79096,79113,79120,79126,79131,79138,79144,79146,79203,79206,79227,79230,79233,79294,79296,79329,79333,79403,79405,79422,79426,79429,79504,79506,79543,79546,79549,79620,79622,79683,79688,79693,79696,79710,79712,79785,79787,79807,79810,79813,79870,79932,79935,79967,79970,79985,79990,79992,79998,80001,80057,80060,80062,80081,80085,80087,80131,80140,80142,80202,80206,80209,80211,80304,80306,80421,80425,80427,80501,80504,80507,80509,80514,80579,80581,80605,80615,80617,80623,80632,80641,80650,80656,80659,80663,80666,80668,80694],[11,78110,1680,78112,1684],{"id":78111},"python-map-function-explained",[19,78113,37880],{},[15,78115,1687,78116,78118],{},[19,78117,37880],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[15,78120,78121],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[27,78123,78124,78127,78130],{},[30,78125,78126],{},"converting numbers to strings",[30,78128,78129],{},"changing strings to integers",[30,78131,78132],{},"doubling every value in a list",[15,78134,78135],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[27,78137,78138,78145,78151],{},[30,78139,78140,12200,78142,78144],{},[19,78141,37880],{},[1854,78143,2750],{}," return a list in Python 3",[30,78146,78147,78148],{},"it returns a ",[1854,78149,78150],{},"map object",[30,78152,78153,78154],{},"you often convert that result with ",[19,78155,22934],{},[43,78157,46],{"id":45},[48,78159,78161],{"className":50,"code":78160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,78162,78163,78187,78206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78164,78165,78167,78169,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78166,1724],{"class":285},[57,78168,289],{"class":76},[57,78170,1729],{"class":67},[57,78172,1078],{"class":80},[57,78174,1081],{"class":67},[57,78176,1084],{"class":80},[57,78178,1081],{"class":67},[57,78180,530],{"class":80},[57,78182,1081],{"class":67},[57,78184,536],{"class":80},[57,78186,1742],{"class":67},[57,78188,78189,78191,78193,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,78190,300],{"class":285},[57,78192,289],{"class":76},[57,78194,78195],{"class":63}," map",[57,78197,68],{"class":67},[57,78199,1541],{"class":990},[57,78201,1081],{"class":67},[57,78203,2380],{"class":238},[57,78205,242],{"class":67},[57,78207,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,78209,64],{"class":63},[57,78211,68],{"class":67},[57,78213,6226],{"class":990},[57,78215,68],{"class":67},[57,78217,339],{"class":238},[57,78219,84],{"class":67},[15,78221,131],{},[48,78223,78225],{"className":50,"code":78224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[19,78226,78227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78228,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78230,2015],{"class":67},[57,78232,1395],{"class":938},[57,78234,1078],{"class":942},[57,78236,1395],{"class":938},[57,78238,1081],{"class":67},[57,78240,1390],{"class":938},[57,78242,116],{"class":942},[57,78244,1395],{"class":938},[57,78246,1081],{"class":67},[57,78248,1390],{"class":938},[57,78250,122],{"class":942},[57,78252,1395],{"class":938},[57,78254,1081],{"class":67},[57,78256,1390],{"class":938},[57,78258,585],{"class":942},[57,78260,1395],{"class":938},[57,78262,1742],{"class":67},[15,78264,154,78265,78268,78269,78271],{},[19,78266,78267],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[19,78270,22934],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[43,78273,1787,78275,1790],{"id":78274},"what-map-does",[19,78276,37880],{},[15,78278,78279,78281],{},[19,78280,37880],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[15,78283,78284,78285,78287],{},"An ",[1854,78286,1831],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[27,78289,78290,78292,78294,78296],{},[30,78291,36064],{},[30,78293,36067],{},[30,78295,36070],{},[30,78297,78298],{},"a range object",[15,78300,28881],{},[48,78302,78304],{"className":50,"code":78303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"map(function, iterable)\n",[19,78305,78306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78307,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78309,38023],{"class":63},[57,78311,68],{"class":67},[57,78313,36023],{"class":238},[57,78315,1081],{"class":67},[57,78317,36028],{"class":238},[57,78319,242],{"class":67},[15,78321,78322],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[15,78324,78325,78326,31899],{},"Important: the result is a ",[1854,78327,78150],{},[15,78329,78330,78331,498],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[373,78332,3258],{"href":3257},[43,78334,221],{"id":220},[15,78336,78337,78339],{},[19,78338,37880],{}," needs at least two parts:",[27,78341,78342,78348],{},[30,78343,78344,78347],{},[1854,78345,78346],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[30,78349,78350,78353],{},[1854,78351,78352],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[15,78355,1816],{},[48,78357,78358],{"className":50,"code":78303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,78359,78360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78361,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78363,38023],{"class":63},[57,78365,68],{"class":67},[57,78367,36023],{"class":238},[57,78369,1081],{"class":67},[57,78371,36028],{"class":238},[57,78373,242],{"class":67},[15,78375,78376],{},"You can pass:",[27,78378,78379,78388,78391],{},[30,78380,78381,78382,256,78384,260,78386],{},"built-in functions like ",[19,78383,1541],{},[19,78385,255],{},[19,78387,71],{},[30,78389,78390],{},"your own custom function",[30,78392,78393],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[15,78395,78396],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[15,78398,78399,78400,78402],{},"You will often see ",[19,78401,37880],{}," used like this:",[48,78404,78406],{"className":50,"code":78405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(map(function, values))\n",[19,78407,78408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78409,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78411,6226],{"class":990},[57,78413,68],{"class":67},[57,78415,38023],{"class":63},[57,78417,68],{"class":67},[57,78419,36023],{"class":238},[57,78421,1081],{"class":67},[57,78423,2000],{"class":238},[57,78425,84],{"class":67},[15,78427,4805,78428,78430],{},[19,78429,22934],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[43,78432,9617],{"id":9616},[15,78434,78435],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[48,78437,78439],{"className":50,"code":78438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,78440,78441,78461,78479,78483],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78442,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78444,1724],{"class":285},[57,78446,289],{"class":76},[57,78448,1729],{"class":67},[57,78450,407],{"class":80},[57,78452,1081],{"class":67},[57,78454,5921],{"class":80},[57,78456,1081],{"class":67},[57,78458,5926],{"class":80},[57,78460,1742],{"class":67},[57,78462,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,78464,300],{"class":285},[57,78466,289],{"class":76},[57,78468,78195],{"class":63},[57,78470,68],{"class":67},[57,78472,1541],{"class":990},[57,78474,1081],{"class":67},[57,78476,2380],{"class":238},[57,78478,242],{"class":67},[57,78480,78481],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,78482,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,78484,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,78486,64],{"class":63},[57,78488,68],{"class":67},[57,78490,6226],{"class":990},[57,78492,68],{"class":67},[57,78494,339],{"class":238},[57,78496,84],{"class":67},[15,78498,131],{},[48,78500,78502],{"className":50,"code":78501,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[19,78503,78504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78505,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78507,2015],{"class":67},[57,78509,1395],{"class":938},[57,78511,407],{"class":942},[57,78513,1395],{"class":938},[57,78515,1081],{"class":67},[57,78517,1390],{"class":938},[57,78519,13902],{"class":942},[57,78521,1395],{"class":938},[57,78523,1081],{"class":67},[57,78525,1390],{"class":938},[57,78527,35003],{"class":942},[57,78529,1395],{"class":938},[57,78531,1742],{"class":67},[15,78533,9826],{},[27,78535,78536,78541,78549,78557,78565],{},[30,78537,78538,78540],{},[19,78539,1756],{}," contains integers",[30,78542,78543,78546,78547],{},[19,78544,78545],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[19,78548,45851],{},[30,78550,78551,40320,78554],{},[19,78552,78553],{},"str(10)",[19,78555,78556],{},"'10'",[30,78558,78559,40320,78562],{},[19,78560,78561],{},"str(20)",[19,78563,78564],{},"'20'",[30,78566,78567,40320,78570],{},[19,78568,78569],{},"str(30)",[19,78571,78572],{},"'30'",[15,78574,51823,78575,78577,78578,78580],{},[19,78576,37880],{}," applies ",[19,78579,45851],{}," one item at a time.",[15,78582,78583,78584,78586,78587,498],{},"If you want to understand ",[19,78585,22934],{}," better, see ",[373,78588,1680,78589,1611],{"href":63020},[19,78590,22934],{},[43,78592,6551,78594,78596],{"id":78593},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[19,78595,37880],{}," with your own function",[15,78598,13862,78599,78601],{},[19,78600,37880],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[48,78603,78605],{"className":50,"code":78604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,78606,78607,78620,78630,78634,78658,78677,78681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78608,78609,78611,78614,78616,78618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78610,33010],{"class":125},[57,78612,78613],{"class":33013}," double",[57,78615,68],{"class":67},[57,78617,239],{"class":35825},[57,78619,6475],{"class":67},[57,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,78623,33021],{"class":1990},[57,78625,1994],{"class":285},[57,78627,38036],{"class":76},[57,78629,43756],{"class":80},[57,78631,78632],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,78633,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,78635,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,78637,1724],{"class":285},[57,78639,289],{"class":76},[57,78641,1729],{"class":67},[57,78643,1078],{"class":80},[57,78645,1081],{"class":67},[57,78647,1084],{"class":80},[57,78649,1081],{"class":67},[57,78651,530],{"class":80},[57,78653,1081],{"class":67},[57,78655,536],{"class":80},[57,78657,1742],{"class":67},[57,78659,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78671,78673,78675],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,78661,300],{"class":285},[57,78663,289],{"class":76},[57,78665,78195],{"class":63},[57,78667,68],{"class":67},[57,78669,78670],{"class":238},"double",[57,78672,1081],{"class":67},[57,78674,2380],{"class":238},[57,78676,242],{"class":67},[57,78678,78679],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,78680,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,78682,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,78684,64],{"class":63},[57,78686,68],{"class":67},[57,78688,6226],{"class":990},[57,78690,68],{"class":67},[57,78692,339],{"class":238},[57,78694,84],{"class":67},[15,78696,131],{},[48,78698,78699],{"className":50,"code":38049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,78700,78701],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78702,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78704,2015],{"class":67},[57,78706,116],{"class":80},[57,78708,1081],{"class":67},[57,78710,536],{"class":80},[57,78712,1081],{"class":67},[57,78714,35806],{"class":80},[57,78716,1081],{"class":67},[57,78718,4486],{"class":80},[57,78720,1742],{"class":67},[15,78722,63757],{},[27,78724,78725,78732,78738],{},[30,78726,78727,78729,78730],{},[19,78728,37880],{}," takes the function ",[19,78731,78670],{},[30,78733,78734,78735,78737],{},"it sends each item from ",[19,78736,1756],{}," into that function",[30,78739,78740],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[15,78742,78743],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[27,78745,78746,78753,78760,78768],{},[30,78747,78748,4198,78751],{},[19,78749,78750],{},"double(1)",[19,78752,116],{},[30,78754,78755,4198,78758],{},[19,78756,78757],{},"double(2)",[19,78759,585],{},[30,78761,78762,4198,78765],{},[19,78763,78764],{},"double(3)",[19,78766,78767],{},"6",[30,78769,78770,4198,78773],{},[19,78771,78772],{},"double(4)",[19,78774,422],{},[43,78776,6551,78778,78780],{"id":78777},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[19,78779,37880],{}," with multiple iterables",[15,78782,78783,78785],{},[19,78784,37880],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[15,78787,78788],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[15,78790,275],{},[48,78792,78794],{"className":50,"code":78793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,78795,78796,78813,78823,78827,78848,78869,78873,78898,78902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78797,78798,78800,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78799,33010],{"class":125},[57,78801,78802],{"class":33013}," add_numbers",[57,78804,68],{"class":67},[57,78806,373],{"class":35825},[57,78808,1081],{"class":67},[57,78810,641],{"class":35825},[57,78812,6475],{"class":67},[57,78814,78815,78817,78819,78821],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,78816,33021],{"class":1990},[57,78818,42711],{"class":285},[57,78820,119],{"class":76},[57,78822,34343],{"class":285},[57,78824,78825],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,78826,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,78828,78829,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,78830,78831],{"class":285},"list1 ",[57,78833,289],{"class":76},[57,78835,1729],{"class":67},[57,78837,1078],{"class":80},[57,78839,1081],{"class":67},[57,78841,1084],{"class":80},[57,78843,1081],{"class":67},[57,78845,530],{"class":80},[57,78847,1742],{"class":67},[57,78849,78850,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,78851,78852],{"class":285},"list2 ",[57,78854,289],{"class":76},[57,78856,1729],{"class":67},[57,78858,407],{"class":80},[57,78860,1081],{"class":67},[57,78862,5921],{"class":80},[57,78864,1081],{"class":67},[57,78866,5926],{"class":80},[57,78868,1742],{"class":67},[57,78870,78871],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,78872,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,78874,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78886,78888,78891,78893,78896],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,78876,300],{"class":285},[57,78878,289],{"class":76},[57,78880,78195],{"class":63},[57,78882,68],{"class":67},[57,78884,78885],{"class":238},"add_numbers",[57,78887,1081],{"class":67},[57,78889,78890],{"class":238}," list1",[57,78892,1081],{"class":67},[57,78894,78895],{"class":238}," list2",[57,78897,242],{"class":67},[57,78899,78900],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,78901,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,78903,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,78905,64],{"class":63},[57,78907,68],{"class":67},[57,78909,6226],{"class":990},[57,78911,68],{"class":67},[57,78913,339],{"class":238},[57,78915,84],{"class":67},[15,78917,131],{},[48,78919,78921],{"className":50,"code":78920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[19,78922,78923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78924,78925,78927,78930,78932,78935,78937,78940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78926,2015],{"class":67},[57,78928,78929],{"class":80},"11",[57,78931,1081],{"class":67},[57,78933,78934],{"class":80}," 22",[57,78936,1081],{"class":67},[57,78938,78939],{"class":80}," 33",[57,78941,1742],{"class":67},[15,78943,245],{},[27,78945,78946,78952,78958],{},[30,78947,78948,78949],{},"the first values are used together: ",[19,78950,78951],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[30,78953,78954,78955],{},"then ",[19,78956,78957],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[30,78959,78954,78960],{},[19,78961,78962],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[616,78964,78966,78968],{"id":78965},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[19,78967,37880],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[15,78970,78971,78972,78974],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[19,78973,37880],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[48,78976,78978],{"className":50,"code":78977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,78979,78980,78996,79006,79010,79034,79050,79054,79076,79080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78981,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78983,33010],{"class":125},[57,78985,78802],{"class":33013},[57,78987,68],{"class":67},[57,78989,373],{"class":35825},[57,78991,1081],{"class":67},[57,78993,641],{"class":35825},[57,78995,6475],{"class":67},[57,78997,78998,79000,79002,79004],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,78999,33021],{"class":1990},[57,79001,42711],{"class":285},[57,79003,119],{"class":76},[57,79005,34343],{"class":285},[57,79007,79008],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79009,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79011,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,79013,78831],{"class":285},[57,79015,289],{"class":76},[57,79017,1729],{"class":67},[57,79019,1078],{"class":80},[57,79021,1081],{"class":67},[57,79023,1084],{"class":80},[57,79025,1081],{"class":67},[57,79027,530],{"class":80},[57,79029,1081],{"class":67},[57,79031,536],{"class":80},[57,79033,1742],{"class":67},[57,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,79037,78852],{"class":285},[57,79039,289],{"class":76},[57,79041,1729],{"class":67},[57,79043,407],{"class":80},[57,79045,1081],{"class":67},[57,79047,5921],{"class":80},[57,79049,1742],{"class":67},[57,79051,79052],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,79053,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79055,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,79057,300],{"class":285},[57,79059,289],{"class":76},[57,79061,78195],{"class":63},[57,79063,68],{"class":67},[57,79065,78885],{"class":238},[57,79067,1081],{"class":67},[57,79069,78890],{"class":238},[57,79071,1081],{"class":67},[57,79073,78895],{"class":238},[57,79075,242],{"class":67},[57,79077,79078],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,79079,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79081,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,79083,64],{"class":63},[57,79085,68],{"class":67},[57,79087,6226],{"class":990},[57,79089,68],{"class":67},[57,79091,339],{"class":238},[57,79093,84],{"class":67},[15,79095,131],{},[48,79097,79099],{"className":50,"code":79098,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22]\n",[19,79100,79101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79102,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79104,2015],{"class":67},[57,79106,78929],{"class":80},[57,79108,1081],{"class":67},[57,79110,78934],{"class":80},[57,79112,1742],{"class":67},[15,79114,79115,79116,79119],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[19,79117,79118],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[43,79121,79123,79125],{"id":79122},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[19,79124,37880],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[15,79127,36186,79128,79130],{},[19,79129,37880],{}," returns a map object.",[15,79132,79133,79134,79137],{},"This object is ",[1854,79135,79136],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[616,79139,568,79141,79143],{"id":79140},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[19,79142,31184],{}," looks strange",[15,79145,31800],{},[48,79147,79149],{"className":50,"code":79148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,79150,79151,79171,79189,79193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79152,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79154,1724],{"class":285},[57,79156,289],{"class":76},[57,79158,1729],{"class":67},[57,79160,1078],{"class":80},[57,79162,1081],{"class":67},[57,79164,1084],{"class":80},[57,79166,1081],{"class":67},[57,79168,530],{"class":80},[57,79170,1742],{"class":67},[57,79172,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79174,300],{"class":285},[57,79176,289],{"class":76},[57,79178,78195],{"class":63},[57,79180,68],{"class":67},[57,79182,1541],{"class":990},[57,79184,1081],{"class":67},[57,79186,2380],{"class":238},[57,79188,242],{"class":67},[57,79190,79191],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79192,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79194,79195,79197,79199,79201],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,79196,64],{"class":63},[57,79198,68],{"class":67},[57,79200,339],{"class":238},[57,79202,242],{"class":67},[15,79204,79205],{},"Output will look something like this:",[48,79207,79209],{"className":50,"code":79208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[19,79210,79211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79212,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79214,1384],{"class":76},[57,79216,38023],{"class":63},[57,79218,22770],{"class":990},[57,79220,35526],{"class":285},[57,79222,35530],{"class":35529},[57,79224,35533],{"class":32611},[57,79226,1398],{"class":76},[15,79228,79229],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[15,79231,79232],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[48,79234,79236],{"className":50,"code":79235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,79237,79238,79258,79276,79280],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79239,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79241,1724],{"class":285},[57,79243,289],{"class":76},[57,79245,1729],{"class":67},[57,79247,1078],{"class":80},[57,79249,1081],{"class":67},[57,79251,1084],{"class":80},[57,79253,1081],{"class":67},[57,79255,530],{"class":80},[57,79257,1742],{"class":67},[57,79259,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79261,300],{"class":285},[57,79263,289],{"class":76},[57,79265,78195],{"class":63},[57,79267,68],{"class":67},[57,79269,1541],{"class":990},[57,79271,1081],{"class":67},[57,79273,2380],{"class":238},[57,79275,242],{"class":67},[57,79277,79278],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79279,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79281,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,79283,64],{"class":63},[57,79285,68],{"class":67},[57,79287,6226],{"class":990},[57,79289,68],{"class":67},[57,79291,339],{"class":238},[57,79293,84],{"class":67},[15,79295,131],{},[48,79297,79299],{"className":50,"code":79298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[19,79300,79301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79302,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79304,2015],{"class":67},[57,79306,1395],{"class":938},[57,79308,1078],{"class":942},[57,79310,1395],{"class":938},[57,79312,1081],{"class":67},[57,79314,1390],{"class":938},[57,79316,116],{"class":942},[57,79318,1395],{"class":938},[57,79320,1081],{"class":67},[57,79322,1390],{"class":938},[57,79324,122],{"class":942},[57,79326,1395],{"class":938},[57,79328,1742],{"class":67},[616,79330,79332],{"id":79331},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[48,79334,79336],{"className":50,"code":79335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[19,79337,79338,79358,79376,79380,79393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79339,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79341,1724],{"class":285},[57,79343,289],{"class":76},[57,79345,1729],{"class":67},[57,79347,1078],{"class":80},[57,79349,1081],{"class":67},[57,79351,1084],{"class":80},[57,79353,1081],{"class":67},[57,79355,530],{"class":80},[57,79357,1742],{"class":67},[57,79359,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79361,300],{"class":285},[57,79363,289],{"class":76},[57,79365,78195],{"class":63},[57,79367,68],{"class":67},[57,79369,1541],{"class":990},[57,79371,1081],{"class":67},[57,79373,2380],{"class":238},[57,79375,242],{"class":67},[57,79377,79378],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79379,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79381,79382,79384,79386,79388,79391],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,79383,4083],{"class":1990},[57,79385,4086],{"class":285},[57,79387,1997],{"class":1990},[57,79389,79390],{"class":285}," result",[57,79392,4520],{"class":67},[57,79394,79395,79397,79399,79401],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,79396,6201],{"class":63},[57,79398,68],{"class":67},[57,79400,21463],{"class":238},[57,79402,242],{"class":67},[15,79404,131],{},[48,79406,79408],{"className":50,"code":79407,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n2\n3\n",[19,79409,79410,79414,79418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79411,79412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79413,45084],{"class":80},[57,79415,79416],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79417,15205],{"class":80},[57,79419,79420],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79421,44784],{"class":80},[616,79423,79425],{"id":79424},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[15,79427,79428],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[48,79430,79432],{"className":50,"code":79431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,79433,79434,79454,79472,79476,79490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79435,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79437,1724],{"class":285},[57,79439,289],{"class":76},[57,79441,1729],{"class":67},[57,79443,1078],{"class":80},[57,79445,1081],{"class":67},[57,79447,1084],{"class":80},[57,79449,1081],{"class":67},[57,79451,530],{"class":80},[57,79453,1742],{"class":67},[57,79455,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79457,300],{"class":285},[57,79459,289],{"class":76},[57,79461,78195],{"class":63},[57,79463,68],{"class":67},[57,79465,1541],{"class":990},[57,79467,1081],{"class":67},[57,79469,2380],{"class":238},[57,79471,242],{"class":67},[57,79473,79474],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79475,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79477,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,79479,64],{"class":63},[57,79481,68],{"class":67},[57,79483,6226],{"class":990},[57,79485,68],{"class":67},[57,79487,339],{"class":238},[57,79489,84],{"class":67},[57,79491,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,79493,64],{"class":63},[57,79495,68],{"class":67},[57,79497,6226],{"class":990},[57,79499,68],{"class":67},[57,79501,339],{"class":238},[57,79503,84],{"class":67},[15,79505,131],{},[48,79507,79509],{"className":50,"code":79508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[19,79510,79511,79539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79512,79513,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79514,2015],{"class":67},[57,79516,1395],{"class":938},[57,79518,1078],{"class":942},[57,79520,1395],{"class":938},[57,79522,1081],{"class":67},[57,79524,1390],{"class":938},[57,79526,116],{"class":942},[57,79528,1395],{"class":938},[57,79530,1081],{"class":67},[57,79532,1390],{"class":938},[57,79534,122],{"class":942},[57,79536,1395],{"class":938},[57,79538,1742],{"class":67},[57,79540,79541],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79542,36460],{"class":67},[15,79544,79545],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[15,79547,79548],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[48,79550,79552],{"className":50,"code":79551,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[19,79553,79554,79574,79596,79600,79610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79555,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79557,1724],{"class":285},[57,79559,289],{"class":76},[57,79561,1729],{"class":67},[57,79563,1078],{"class":80},[57,79565,1081],{"class":67},[57,79567,1084],{"class":80},[57,79569,1081],{"class":67},[57,79571,530],{"class":80},[57,79573,1742],{"class":67},[57,79575,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79577,300],{"class":285},[57,79579,289],{"class":76},[57,79581,20712],{"class":990},[57,79583,68],{"class":67},[57,79585,38023],{"class":63},[57,79587,68],{"class":67},[57,79589,1541],{"class":990},[57,79591,1081],{"class":67},[57,79593,2380],{"class":238},[57,79595,84],{"class":67},[57,79597,79598],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79599,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79601,79602,79604,79606,79608],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,79603,64],{"class":63},[57,79605,68],{"class":67},[57,79607,339],{"class":238},[57,79609,242],{"class":67},[57,79611,79612,79614,79616,79618],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,79613,64],{"class":63},[57,79615,68],{"class":67},[57,79617,339],{"class":238},[57,79619,242],{"class":67},[15,79621,131],{},[48,79623,79625],{"className":50,"code":79624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[19,79626,79627,79655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79628,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79630,2015],{"class":67},[57,79632,1395],{"class":938},[57,79634,1078],{"class":942},[57,79636,1395],{"class":938},[57,79638,1081],{"class":67},[57,79640,1390],{"class":938},[57,79642,116],{"class":942},[57,79644,1395],{"class":938},[57,79646,1081],{"class":67},[57,79648,1390],{"class":938},[57,79650,122],{"class":942},[57,79652,1395],{"class":938},[57,79654,1742],{"class":67},[57,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79658,2015],{"class":67},[57,79660,1395],{"class":938},[57,79662,1078],{"class":942},[57,79664,1395],{"class":938},[57,79666,1081],{"class":67},[57,79668,1390],{"class":938},[57,79670,116],{"class":942},[57,79672,1395],{"class":938},[57,79674,1081],{"class":67},[57,79676,1390],{"class":938},[57,79678,122],{"class":942},[57,79680,1395],{"class":938},[57,79682,1742],{"class":67},[43,79684,3082,79686],{"id":79685},"when-to-use-map",[19,79687,37880],{},[15,79689,79690,79692],{},[19,79691,37880],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[15,79694,79695],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[27,79697,79698,79702,79706],{},[30,79699,79700],{},[19,79701,1541],{},[30,79703,79704],{},[19,79705,255],{},[30,79707,79708],{},[19,79709,71],{},[15,79711,275],{},[48,79713,79715],{"className":50,"code":79714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,79716,79717,79749,79771,79775],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79718,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743,79745,79747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79720,1935],{"class":285},[57,79722,289],{"class":76},[57,79724,1729],{"class":67},[57,79726,1395],{"class":938},[57,79728,1078],{"class":942},[57,79730,1395],{"class":938},[57,79732,1081],{"class":67},[57,79734,1390],{"class":938},[57,79736,116],{"class":942},[57,79738,1395],{"class":938},[57,79740,1081],{"class":67},[57,79742,1390],{"class":938},[57,79744,122],{"class":942},[57,79746,1395],{"class":938},[57,79748,1742],{"class":67},[57,79750,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79752,1724],{"class":285},[57,79754,289],{"class":76},[57,79756,20712],{"class":990},[57,79758,68],{"class":67},[57,79760,38023],{"class":63},[57,79762,68],{"class":67},[57,79764,255],{"class":990},[57,79766,1081],{"class":67},[57,79768,2000],{"class":238},[57,79770,84],{"class":67},[57,79772,79773],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79774,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,79776,79777,79779,79781,79783],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,79778,64],{"class":63},[57,79780,68],{"class":67},[57,79782,1756],{"class":238},[57,79784,242],{"class":67},[15,79786,131],{},[48,79788,79789],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,79790,79791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79792,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79794,2015],{"class":67},[57,79796,1078],{"class":80},[57,79798,1081],{"class":67},[57,79800,1084],{"class":80},[57,79802,1081],{"class":67},[57,79804,530],{"class":80},[57,79806,1742],{"class":67},[15,79808,79809],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[15,79811,79812],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[48,79814,79816],{"className":50,"code":79815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[19,79817,79818,79838,79860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79819,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79821,1724],{"class":285},[57,79823,289],{"class":76},[57,79825,1729],{"class":67},[57,79827,1078],{"class":80},[57,79829,1081],{"class":67},[57,79831,1084],{"class":80},[57,79833,1081],{"class":67},[57,79835,530],{"class":80},[57,79837,1742],{"class":67},[57,79839,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79841,300],{"class":285},[57,79843,289],{"class":76},[57,79845,20712],{"class":990},[57,79847,68],{"class":67},[57,79849,38023],{"class":63},[57,79851,68],{"class":67},[57,79853,1541],{"class":990},[57,79855,1081],{"class":67},[57,79857,2380],{"class":238},[57,79859,84],{"class":67},[57,79861,79862,79864,79866,79868],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79863,64],{"class":63},[57,79865,68],{"class":67},[57,79867,339],{"class":238},[57,79869,242],{"class":67},[48,79871,79873],{"className":50,"code":79872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[19,79874,79875,79895,79922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79876,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79878,1724],{"class":285},[57,79880,289],{"class":76},[57,79882,1729],{"class":67},[57,79884,1078],{"class":80},[57,79886,1081],{"class":67},[57,79888,1084],{"class":80},[57,79890,1081],{"class":67},[57,79892,530],{"class":80},[57,79894,1742],{"class":67},[57,79896,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79916,79918,79920],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,79898,300],{"class":285},[57,79900,289],{"class":76},[57,79902,1729],{"class":67},[57,79904,1541],{"class":990},[57,79906,68],{"class":67},[57,79908,74203],{"class":238},[57,79910,1769],{"class":67},[57,79912,1991],{"class":1990},[57,79914,79915],{"class":285}," n ",[57,79917,1997],{"class":1990},[57,79919,2380],{"class":285},[57,79921,1742],{"class":67},[57,79923,79924,79926,79928,79930],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,79925,64],{"class":63},[57,79927,68],{"class":67},[57,79929,339],{"class":238},[57,79931,242],{"class":67},[15,79933,79934],{},"Both produce:",[48,79936,79937],{"className":50,"code":79298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,79938,79939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79940,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959,79961,79963,79965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79942,2015],{"class":67},[57,79944,1395],{"class":938},[57,79946,1078],{"class":942},[57,79948,1395],{"class":938},[57,79950,1081],{"class":67},[57,79952,1390],{"class":938},[57,79954,116],{"class":942},[57,79956,1395],{"class":938},[57,79958,1081],{"class":67},[57,79960,1390],{"class":938},[57,79962,122],{"class":942},[57,79964,1395],{"class":938},[57,79966,1742],{"class":67},[15,79968,79969],{},"A simple rule:",[27,79971,79972,79977,79982],{},[30,79973,38154,79974,79976],{},[19,79975,37880],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[30,79978,38160,79979,79981],{},[19,79980,4083],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[30,79983,79984],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[15,79986,79987,79988,498],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[373,79989,2510],{"href":2509},[43,79991,2637],{"id":2636},[616,79993,79995,79996],{"id":79994},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[19,79997,22934],{},[15,79999,80000],{},"This is very common:",[48,80002,80003],{"className":50,"code":79148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,80004,80005,80025,80043,80047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80006,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80008,1724],{"class":285},[57,80010,289],{"class":76},[57,80012,1729],{"class":67},[57,80014,1078],{"class":80},[57,80016,1081],{"class":67},[57,80018,1084],{"class":80},[57,80020,1081],{"class":67},[57,80022,530],{"class":80},[57,80024,1742],{"class":67},[57,80026,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037,80039,80041],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80028,300],{"class":285},[57,80030,289],{"class":76},[57,80032,78195],{"class":63},[57,80034,68],{"class":67},[57,80036,1541],{"class":990},[57,80038,1081],{"class":67},[57,80040,2380],{"class":238},[57,80042,242],{"class":67},[57,80044,80045],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80046,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80048,80049,80051,80053,80055],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,80050,64],{"class":63},[57,80052,68],{"class":67},[57,80054,339],{"class":238},[57,80056,242],{"class":67},[15,80058,80059],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[15,80061,37425],{},[48,80063,80065],{"className":50,"code":80064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(result))\n",[19,80066,80067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80068,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80070,64],{"class":63},[57,80072,68],{"class":67},[57,80074,6226],{"class":990},[57,80076,68],{"class":67},[57,80078,339],{"class":238},[57,80080,84],{"class":67},[616,80082,80084],{"id":80083},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[15,80086,14792],{},[48,80088,80090],{"className":50,"code":80089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[19,80091,80092,80112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80093,80094,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80095,1724],{"class":285},[57,80097,289],{"class":76},[57,80099,1729],{"class":67},[57,80101,1078],{"class":80},[57,80103,1081],{"class":67},[57,80105,1084],{"class":80},[57,80107,1081],{"class":67},[57,80109,530],{"class":80},[57,80111,1742],{"class":67},[57,80113,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80127,80129],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80115,300],{"class":285},[57,80117,289],{"class":76},[57,80119,78195],{"class":63},[57,80121,68],{"class":67},[57,80123,1541],{"class":990},[57,80125,80126],{"class":67},"(),",[57,80128,2380],{"class":238},[57,80130,242],{"class":67},[15,80132,80133,80134,80136,80137,80139],{},"This is wrong because ",[19,80135,45851],{}," is being called immediately. ",[19,80138,37880],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[15,80141,14804],{},[48,80143,80144],{"className":50,"code":79235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,80145,80146,80166,80184,80188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80147,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160,80162,80164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80149,1724],{"class":285},[57,80151,289],{"class":76},[57,80153,1729],{"class":67},[57,80155,1078],{"class":80},[57,80157,1081],{"class":67},[57,80159,1084],{"class":80},[57,80161,1081],{"class":67},[57,80163,530],{"class":80},[57,80165,1742],{"class":67},[57,80167,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80169,300],{"class":285},[57,80171,289],{"class":76},[57,80173,78195],{"class":63},[57,80175,68],{"class":67},[57,80177,1541],{"class":990},[57,80179,1081],{"class":67},[57,80181,2380],{"class":238},[57,80183,242],{"class":67},[57,80185,80186],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80187,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80189,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,80191,64],{"class":63},[57,80193,68],{"class":67},[57,80195,6226],{"class":990},[57,80197,68],{"class":67},[57,80199,339],{"class":238},[57,80201,84],{"class":67},[616,80203,80205],{"id":80204},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[15,80207,80208],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[15,80210,14792],{},[48,80212,80214],{"className":50,"code":80213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,80215,80216,80233,80243,80247,80267,80286,80290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80217,80218,80220,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80219,33010],{"class":125},[57,80221,80222],{"class":33013}," add",[57,80224,68],{"class":67},[57,80226,373],{"class":35825},[57,80228,1081],{"class":67},[57,80230,641],{"class":35825},[57,80232,6475],{"class":67},[57,80234,80235,80237,80239,80241],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80236,33021],{"class":1990},[57,80238,42711],{"class":285},[57,80240,119],{"class":76},[57,80242,34343],{"class":285},[57,80244,80245],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80246,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80248,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,80250,1724],{"class":285},[57,80252,289],{"class":76},[57,80254,1729],{"class":67},[57,80256,1078],{"class":80},[57,80258,1081],{"class":67},[57,80260,1084],{"class":80},[57,80262,1081],{"class":67},[57,80264,530],{"class":80},[57,80266,1742],{"class":67},[57,80268,80269,80271,80273,80275,80277,80280,80282,80284],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,80270,300],{"class":285},[57,80272,289],{"class":76},[57,80274,78195],{"class":63},[57,80276,68],{"class":67},[57,80278,80279],{"class":238},"add",[57,80281,1081],{"class":67},[57,80283,2380],{"class":238},[57,80285,242],{"class":67},[57,80287,80288],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,80289,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80291,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,80293,64],{"class":63},[57,80295,68],{"class":67},[57,80297,6226],{"class":990},[57,80299,68],{"class":67},[57,80301,339],{"class":238},[57,80303,84],{"class":67},[15,80305,14804],{},[48,80307,80309],{"className":50,"code":80308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[19,80310,80311,80327,80337,80341,80361,80381,80403,80407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80312,80313,80315,80317,80319,80321,80323,80325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80314,33010],{"class":125},[57,80316,80222],{"class":33013},[57,80318,68],{"class":67},[57,80320,373],{"class":35825},[57,80322,1081],{"class":67},[57,80324,641],{"class":35825},[57,80326,6475],{"class":67},[57,80328,80329,80331,80333,80335],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80330,33021],{"class":1990},[57,80332,42711],{"class":285},[57,80334,119],{"class":76},[57,80336,34343],{"class":285},[57,80338,80339],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80340,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80342,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,80344,78831],{"class":285},[57,80346,289],{"class":76},[57,80348,1729],{"class":67},[57,80350,1078],{"class":80},[57,80352,1081],{"class":67},[57,80354,1084],{"class":80},[57,80356,1081],{"class":67},[57,80358,530],{"class":80},[57,80360,1742],{"class":67},[57,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,80364,78852],{"class":285},[57,80366,289],{"class":76},[57,80368,1729],{"class":67},[57,80370,407],{"class":80},[57,80372,1081],{"class":67},[57,80374,5921],{"class":80},[57,80376,1081],{"class":67},[57,80378,5926],{"class":80},[57,80380,1742],{"class":67},[57,80382,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,80384,300],{"class":285},[57,80386,289],{"class":76},[57,80388,78195],{"class":63},[57,80390,68],{"class":67},[57,80392,80279],{"class":238},[57,80394,1081],{"class":67},[57,80396,78890],{"class":238},[57,80398,1081],{"class":67},[57,80400,78895],{"class":238},[57,80402,242],{"class":67},[57,80404,80405],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,80406,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80408,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,80410,64],{"class":63},[57,80412,68],{"class":67},[57,80414,6226],{"class":990},[57,80416,68],{"class":67},[57,80418,339],{"class":238},[57,80420,84],{"class":67},[616,80422,80424],{"id":80423},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[15,80426,14792],{},[48,80428,80429],{"className":50,"code":79431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,80430,80431,80451,80469,80473,80487],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80432,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80434,1724],{"class":285},[57,80436,289],{"class":76},[57,80438,1729],{"class":67},[57,80440,1078],{"class":80},[57,80442,1081],{"class":67},[57,80444,1084],{"class":80},[57,80446,1081],{"class":67},[57,80448,530],{"class":80},[57,80450,1742],{"class":67},[57,80452,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80454,300],{"class":285},[57,80456,289],{"class":76},[57,80458,78195],{"class":63},[57,80460,68],{"class":67},[57,80462,1541],{"class":990},[57,80464,1081],{"class":67},[57,80466,2380],{"class":238},[57,80468,242],{"class":67},[57,80470,80471],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80472,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80474,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,80476,64],{"class":63},[57,80478,68],{"class":67},[57,80480,6226],{"class":990},[57,80482,68],{"class":67},[57,80484,339],{"class":238},[57,80486,84],{"class":67},[57,80488,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,80490,64],{"class":63},[57,80492,68],{"class":67},[57,80494,6226],{"class":990},[57,80496,68],{"class":67},[57,80498,339],{"class":238},[57,80500,84],{"class":67},[15,80502,80503],{},"The second result is empty.",[15,80505,80506],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[43,80508,66068],{"id":66067},[15,80510,7011,80511,80513],{},[19,80512,37880],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,80515,80517],{"className":50,"code":80516,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[19,80518,80519,80529,80543,80557,80569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80520,80521,80523,80525,80527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80522,64],{"class":63},[57,80524,68],{"class":67},[57,80526,339],{"class":238},[57,80528,242],{"class":67},[57,80530,80531,80533,80535,80537,80539,80541],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80532,64],{"class":63},[57,80534,68],{"class":67},[57,80536,6226],{"class":990},[57,80538,68],{"class":67},[57,80540,339],{"class":238},[57,80542,84],{"class":67},[57,80544,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80546,64],{"class":63},[57,80548,68],{"class":67},[57,80550,1315],{"class":990},[57,80552,68],{"class":67},[57,80554,339],{"class":238},[57,80556,84],{"class":67},[57,80558,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,80560,4083],{"class":1990},[57,80562,4086],{"class":285},[57,80564,1997],{"class":1990},[57,80566,79390],{"class":285},[57,80568,4520],{"class":67},[57,80570,80571,80573,80575,80577],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,80572,6201],{"class":63},[57,80574,68],{"class":67},[57,80576,21463],{"class":238},[57,80578,242],{"class":67},[15,80580,10816],{},[27,80582,80583,80588,80593,80599],{},[30,80584,80585,80587],{},[19,80586,31184],{}," shows that you have a map object",[30,80589,80590,80592],{},[19,80591,31192],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[30,80594,80595,80598],{},[19,80596,80597],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[30,80600,80601,80602,80604],{},"looping over ",[19,80603,339],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[15,80606,80607,80608,80611,80612,80614],{},"Be careful: ",[19,80609,80610],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[19,80613,4083],{}," loop consume the map object.",[43,80616,1554],{"id":1553},[616,80618,10848,80620,80622],{"id":80619},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[19,80621,37880],{}," return a list in Python?",[15,80624,80625,80626,80628,80629,22091],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[19,80627,37880],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[19,80630,80631],{},"list(map(...))",[616,80633,13050,80635,80637,80638,80640],{"id":80634},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[19,80636,37880],{}," better than a ",[19,80639,4083],{}," loop?",[15,80642,80643,80644,80646,80647,80649],{},"Not always. ",[19,80645,37880],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[19,80648,4083],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[616,80651,3292,80653,80655],{"id":80652},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[19,80654,37880],{}," use more than one list?",[15,80657,80658],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[616,80660,80662],{"id":80661},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[15,80664,80665],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[43,80667,1602],{"id":1601},[27,80669,80670,80676,80682,80686,80690],{},[30,80671,80672],{},[373,80673,1680,80674,1611],{"href":38249},[19,80675,35738],{},[30,80677,80678],{},[373,80679,1680,80680,1611],{"href":63020},[19,80681,22934],{},[30,80683,80684],{},[373,80685,3344],{"href":3253},[30,80687,80688],{},[373,80689,3349],{"href":2509},[30,80691,80692],{},[373,80693,3339],{"href":3257},[1634,80695,80696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":80698},[80699,80700,80702,80703,80704,80706,80711,80718,80720,80727,80728,80737],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":78274,"depth":87,"text":80701},"What map() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":78593,"depth":87,"text":80705},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":78777,"depth":87,"text":80707,"children":80708},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[80709],{"id":78965,"depth":103,"text":80710},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":79122,"depth":87,"text":80712,"children":80713},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[80714,80716,80717],{"id":79140,"depth":103,"text":80715},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":79331,"depth":103,"text":79332},{"id":79424,"depth":103,"text":79425},{"id":79685,"depth":87,"text":80719},"When to use map()",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":80721},[80722,80724,80725,80726],{"id":79994,"depth":103,"text":80723},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":80083,"depth":103,"text":80084},{"id":80204,"depth":103,"text":80205},{"id":80423,"depth":103,"text":80424},{"id":66067,"depth":87,"text":66068},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":80729},[80730,80732,80734,80736],{"id":80619,"depth":103,"text":80731},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":80634,"depth":103,"text":80733},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":80652,"depth":103,"text":80735},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":80661,"depth":103,"text":80662},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":78106,"description":80738},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":80745,"title":80746,"body":80747,"description":82767,"extension":1666,"meta":82768,"navigation":317,"path":82769,"seo":82770,"stem":82771,"__hash__":82772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":80748,"toc":82725},[80749,80755,80760,80763,80771,80774,80776,80900,80902,80920,80922,80942,80947,80951,80965,80968,80971,80973,80978,81090,81093,81111,81117,81120,81182,81184,81193,81196,81210,81212,81260,81262,81271,81281,81287,81290,81317,81319,81327,81330,81333,81403,81405,81413,81416,81421,81426,81477,81479,81487,81490,81492,81509,81511,81563,81566,81572,81576,81581,81584,81588,81647,81649,81658,81664,81673,81677,81740,81742,81750,81755,81759,81764,81844,81846,81855,81862,81867,81872,81875,81910,81912,81920,81923,81929,81931,81981,81983,81992,81995,82013,82015,82020,82026,82033,82060,82062,82085,82090,82125,82130,82136,82141,82184,82187,82190,82229,82236,82242,82247,82262,82266,82273,82276,82280,82285,82289,82294,82296,82357,82359,82388,82393,82400,82409,82411,82414,82439,82441,82544,82547,82565,82574,82576,82581,82584,82590,82593,82595,82605,82611,82615,82673,82680,82688,82690,82722],[11,80750,1680,80752,1684],{"id":80751},"python-max-function-explained",[19,80753,80754],{},"max()",[15,80756,7259,80757,80759],{},[19,80758,80754],{}," function returns the largest item.",[15,80761,80762],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[27,80764,80765,80768],{},[30,80766,80767],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[30,80769,80770],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[15,80772,80773],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[43,80775,46],{"id":45},[48,80777,80779],{"className":50,"code":80778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[19,80780,80781,80805,80820,80824,80850,80854,80886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80782,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80784,1724],{"class":285},[57,80786,289],{"class":76},[57,80788,1729],{"class":67},[57,80790,122],{"class":80},[57,80792,1081],{"class":67},[57,80794,4486],{"class":80},[57,80796,1081],{"class":67},[57,80798,1084],{"class":80},[57,80800,1081],{"class":67},[57,80802,2724],{"class":80},[57,80804,1742],{"class":67},[57,80806,80807,80809,80811,80814,80816,80818],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80808,64],{"class":63},[57,80810,68],{"class":67},[57,80812,80813],{"class":63},"max",[57,80815,68],{"class":67},[57,80817,1756],{"class":238},[57,80819,84],{"class":67},[57,80821,80822],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80823,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80825,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,80827,64],{"class":63},[57,80829,68],{"class":67},[57,80831,80813],{"class":63},[57,80833,68],{"class":67},[57,80835,122],{"class":80},[57,80837,1081],{"class":67},[57,80839,4486],{"class":80},[57,80841,1081],{"class":67},[57,80843,1084],{"class":80},[57,80845,1081],{"class":67},[57,80847,2724],{"class":80},[57,80849,84],{"class":67},[57,80851,80852],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,80853,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,80855,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,80857,2186],{"class":285},[57,80859,289],{"class":76},[57,80861,1729],{"class":67},[57,80863,939],{"class":938},[57,80865,2195],{"class":942},[57,80867,939],{"class":938},[57,80869,1081],{"class":67},[57,80871,1449],{"class":938},[57,80873,2204],{"class":942},[57,80875,939],{"class":938},[57,80877,1081],{"class":67},[57,80879,1449],{"class":938},[57,80881,76917],{"class":942},[57,80883,939],{"class":938},[57,80885,1742],{"class":67},[57,80887,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,80889,64],{"class":63},[57,80891,68],{"class":67},[57,80893,80813],{"class":63},[57,80895,68],{"class":67},[57,80897,2230],{"class":238},[57,80899,84],{"class":67},[15,80901,131],{},[48,80903,80905],{"className":50,"code":80904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n8\npear\n",[19,80906,80907,80911,80915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80908,80909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80910,458],{"class":80},[57,80912,80913],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80914,458],{"class":80},[57,80916,80917],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,80918,80919],{"class":285},"pear\n",[15,80921,18108],{},[27,80923,80924,80930,80936],{},[30,80925,80926,80929],{},[19,80927,80928],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[30,80931,80932,80935],{},[19,80933,80934],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[30,80937,80938,80941],{},[19,80939,80940],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[43,80943,1787,80945,1790],{"id":80944},"what-max-does",[19,80946,80754],{},[15,80948,80949,972],{},[19,80950,80754],{},[27,80952,80953,80956,80959,80962],{},[30,80954,80955],{},"Returns the largest item",[30,80957,80958],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[30,80960,80961],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[30,80963,80964],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[15,80966,80967],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[15,80969,80970],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[43,80972,221],{"id":220},[15,80974,80975,80976,972],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[19,80977,80754],{},[48,80979,80981],{"className":50,"code":80980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[19,80982,80983,80993,81017,81039,81062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80984,80985,80987,80989,80991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80986,80813],{"class":63},[57,80988,68],{"class":67},[57,80990,1831],{"class":238},[57,80992,242],{"class":67},[57,80994,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81006,81008,81010,81012,81015],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,80996,80813],{"class":63},[57,80998,68],{"class":67},[57,81000,1831],{"class":238},[57,81002,1081],{"class":67},[57,81004,81005],{"class":76}," *",[57,81007,1081],{"class":67},[57,81009,19731],{"class":7312},[57,81011,289],{"class":76},[57,81013,81014],{"class":238},"func",[57,81016,242],{"class":67},[57,81018,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,81020,80813],{"class":63},[57,81022,68],{"class":67},[57,81024,1831],{"class":238},[57,81026,1081],{"class":67},[57,81028,81005],{"class":76},[57,81030,1081],{"class":67},[57,81032,24677],{"class":7312},[57,81034,289],{"class":76},[57,81036,552],{"class":238},[57,81038,242],{"class":67},[57,81040,81041,81043,81045,81048,81050,81053,81055,81057,81060],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,81042,80813],{"class":63},[57,81044,68],{"class":67},[57,81046,81047],{"class":238},"arg1",[57,81049,1081],{"class":67},[57,81051,81052],{"class":238}," arg2",[57,81054,1081],{"class":67},[57,81056,81005],{"class":76},[57,81058,81059],{"class":238},"args",[57,81061,242],{"class":67},[57,81063,81064,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,81065,80813],{"class":63},[57,81067,68],{"class":67},[57,81069,81047],{"class":238},[57,81071,1081],{"class":67},[57,81073,81052],{"class":238},[57,81075,1081],{"class":67},[57,81077,81005],{"class":76},[57,81079,81059],{"class":238},[57,81081,1081],{"class":67},[57,81083,19731],{"class":7312},[57,81085,289],{"class":76},[57,81087,81014],{"class":238},[57,81089,242],{"class":67},[15,81091,81092],{},"The most important parts are:",[27,81094,81095,81100,81105],{},[30,81096,81097,81099],{},[19,81098,1831],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[30,81101,81102,81104],{},[19,81103,12988],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[30,81106,81107,81110],{},[19,81108,81109],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[43,81112,6551,81114,81116],{"id":81113},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[19,81115,80754],{}," with a list of numbers",[15,81118,81119],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[48,81121,81123],{"className":50,"code":81122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[19,81124,81125,81151,81167,81171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81126,81127,81129,81131,81133,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81128,3185],{"class":285},[57,81130,289],{"class":76},[57,81132,1729],{"class":67},[57,81134,81135],{"class":80},"72",[57,81137,1081],{"class":67},[57,81139,49679],{"class":80},[57,81141,1081],{"class":67},[57,81143,11653],{"class":80},[57,81145,1081],{"class":67},[57,81147,81148],{"class":80}," 66",[57,81150,1742],{"class":67},[57,81152,81153,81156,81158,81161,81163,81165],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81154,81155],{"class":285},"highest_score ",[57,81157,289],{"class":76},[57,81159,81160],{"class":63}," max",[57,81162,68],{"class":67},[57,81164,14537],{"class":238},[57,81166,242],{"class":67},[57,81168,81169],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,81170,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,81172,81173,81175,81177,81180],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,81174,64],{"class":63},[57,81176,68],{"class":67},[57,81178,81179],{"class":238},"highest_score",[57,81181,242],{"class":67},[15,81183,131],{},[48,81185,81187],{"className":50,"code":81186,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"91\n",[19,81188,81189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81190,81191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81192,81186],{"class":80},[15,81194,81195],{},"This works well for:",[27,81197,81198,81201,81204,81207],{},[30,81199,81200],{},"Scores",[30,81202,81203],{},"Prices",[30,81205,81206],{},"Ages",[30,81208,81209],{},"Counts",[15,81211,50249],{},[48,81213,81215],{"className":50,"code":81214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[19,81216,81217,81245],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81218,81219,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81233,81235,81238,81240,81243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81220,81221],{"class":285},"prices ",[57,81223,289],{"class":76},[57,81225,1729],{"class":67},[57,81227,38562],{"class":80},[57,81229,1081],{"class":67},[57,81231,81232],{"class":80}," 5.50",[57,81234,1081],{"class":67},[57,81236,81237],{"class":80}," 12.75",[57,81239,1081],{"class":67},[57,81241,81242],{"class":80}," 29.00",[57,81244,1742],{"class":67},[57,81246,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81258],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81248,64],{"class":63},[57,81250,68],{"class":67},[57,81252,80813],{"class":63},[57,81254,68],{"class":67},[57,81256,81257],{"class":238},"prices",[57,81259,84],{"class":67},[15,81261,131],{},[48,81263,81265],{"className":50,"code":81264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"29.0\n",[19,81266,81267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81268,81269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81270,81264],{"class":80},[15,81272,81273,81274,81276,81277,498],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[19,81275,80754],{}," is simpler than ",[373,81278,81279],{"href":72694},[19,81280,72597],{},[43,81282,6551,81284,81286],{"id":81283},"using-max-with-separate-values",[19,81285,80754],{}," with separate values",[15,81288,81289],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[48,81291,81293],{"className":50,"code":81292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[19,81294,81295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81296,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81298,64],{"class":63},[57,81300,68],{"class":67},[57,81302,80813],{"class":63},[57,81304,68],{"class":67},[57,81306,585],{"class":80},[57,81308,1081],{"class":67},[57,81310,29099],{"class":80},[57,81312,1081],{"class":67},[57,81314,4119],{"class":80},[57,81316,84],{"class":67},[15,81318,131],{},[48,81320,81321],{"className":50,"code":295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,81322,81323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81324,81325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81326,295],{"class":80},[15,81328,81329],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[15,81331,81332],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[48,81334,81336],{"className":50,"code":81335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[19,81337,81338,81347,81355,81365,81369,81392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81339,81340,81342,81344],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81341,636],{"class":285},[57,81343,289],{"class":76},[57,81345,81346],{"class":80}," 15\n",[57,81348,81349,81351,81353],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81350,664],{"class":285},[57,81352,289],{"class":76},[57,81354,851],{"class":80},[57,81356,81357,81360,81362],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,81358,81359],{"class":285},"c ",[57,81361,289],{"class":76},[57,81363,81364],{"class":80}," 27\n",[57,81366,81367],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,81368,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,81370,81371,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,81372,81373],{"class":285},"largest ",[57,81375,289],{"class":76},[57,81377,81160],{"class":63},[57,81379,68],{"class":67},[57,81381,373],{"class":238},[57,81383,1081],{"class":67},[57,81385,641],{"class":238},[57,81387,1081],{"class":67},[57,81389,7819],{"class":238},[57,81391,242],{"class":67},[57,81393,81394,81396,81398,81401],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,81395,64],{"class":63},[57,81397,68],{"class":67},[57,81399,81400],{"class":238},"largest",[57,81402,242],{"class":67},[15,81404,131],{},[48,81406,81407],{"className":50,"code":44779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,81408,81409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81410,81411],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81412,44779],{"class":80},[15,81414,81415],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[43,81417,6551,81419,45226],{"id":81418},"using-max-with-strings",[19,81420,80754],{},[15,81422,81423,81425],{},[19,81424,80754],{}," can compare strings too.",[48,81427,81429],{"className":50,"code":81428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[19,81430,81431,81463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81432,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81434,2186],{"class":285},[57,81436,289],{"class":76},[57,81438,1729],{"class":67},[57,81440,939],{"class":938},[57,81442,2195],{"class":942},[57,81444,939],{"class":938},[57,81446,1081],{"class":67},[57,81448,1449],{"class":938},[57,81450,2204],{"class":942},[57,81452,939],{"class":938},[57,81454,1081],{"class":67},[57,81456,1449],{"class":938},[57,81458,76917],{"class":942},[57,81460,939],{"class":938},[57,81462,1742],{"class":67},[57,81464,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81466,64],{"class":63},[57,81468,68],{"class":67},[57,81470,80813],{"class":63},[57,81472,68],{"class":67},[57,81474,2230],{"class":238},[57,81476,84],{"class":67},[15,81478,131],{},[48,81480,81481],{"className":50,"code":80919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,81482,81483],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81484,81485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81486,80919],{"class":285},[15,81488,81489],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[15,81491,66456],{},[27,81493,81494,81503,81506],{},[30,81495,81496,81499,81500,81502],{},[19,81497,81498],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[19,81501,63447],{}," alphabetically",[30,81504,81505],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[30,81507,81508],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[15,81510,275],{},[48,81512,81514],{"className":50,"code":81513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[19,81515,81516,81549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81517,81518,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81519,2186],{"class":285},[57,81521,289],{"class":76},[57,81523,1729],{"class":67},[57,81525,939],{"class":938},[57,81527,2195],{"class":942},[57,81529,939],{"class":938},[57,81531,1081],{"class":67},[57,81533,1449],{"class":938},[57,81535,81536],{"class":942},"Banana",[57,81538,939],{"class":938},[57,81540,1081],{"class":67},[57,81542,1449],{"class":938},[57,81544,76917],{"class":942},[57,81546,939],{"class":938},[57,81548,1742],{"class":67},[57,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81552,64],{"class":63},[57,81554,68],{"class":67},[57,81556,80813],{"class":63},[57,81558,68],{"class":67},[57,81560,2230],{"class":238},[57,81562,84],{"class":67},[15,81564,81565],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[15,81567,81568,81569,81571],{},"You can fix that with the ",[19,81570,12988],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[43,81573,34774,81574,34777],{"id":76875},[19,81575,12988],{},[15,81577,17,81578,81580],{},[19,81579,12988],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[15,81582,81583],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[616,81585,81587],{"id":81586},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[48,81589,81591],{"className":50,"code":81590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[19,81592,81593,81625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81594,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81596,2186],{"class":285},[57,81598,289],{"class":76},[57,81600,1729],{"class":67},[57,81602,939],{"class":938},[57,81604,35209],{"class":942},[57,81606,939],{"class":938},[57,81608,1081],{"class":67},[57,81610,1449],{"class":938},[57,81612,66499],{"class":942},[57,81614,939],{"class":938},[57,81616,1081],{"class":67},[57,81618,1449],{"class":938},[57,81620,56298],{"class":942},[57,81622,939],{"class":938},[57,81624,1742],{"class":67},[57,81626,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81628,64],{"class":63},[57,81630,68],{"class":67},[57,81632,80813],{"class":63},[57,81634,68],{"class":67},[57,81636,2230],{"class":238},[57,81638,1081],{"class":67},[57,81640,19731],{"class":7312},[57,81642,289],{"class":76},[57,81644,9302],{"class":63},[57,81646,84],{"class":67},[15,81648,131],{},[48,81650,81652],{"className":50,"code":81651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"elephant\n",[19,81653,81654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81655,81656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81657,81651],{"class":285},[15,81659,18922,81660,81663],{},[19,81661,81662],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[15,81665,81666,81667,31786,81669,498],{},"If you are new to ",[19,81668,40526],{},[373,81670,81671,3908],{"href":40523},[19,81672,40526],{},[616,81674,81676],{"id":81675},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[48,81678,81680],{"className":50,"code":81679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[19,81681,81682,81714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81683,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81685,2186],{"class":285},[57,81687,289],{"class":76},[57,81689,1729],{"class":67},[57,81691,939],{"class":938},[57,81693,2195],{"class":942},[57,81695,939],{"class":938},[57,81697,1081],{"class":67},[57,81699,1449],{"class":938},[57,81701,81536],{"class":942},[57,81703,939],{"class":938},[57,81705,1081],{"class":67},[57,81707,1449],{"class":938},[57,81709,76917],{"class":942},[57,81711,939],{"class":938},[57,81713,1742],{"class":67},[57,81715,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81717,64],{"class":63},[57,81719,68],{"class":67},[57,81721,80813],{"class":63},[57,81723,68],{"class":67},[57,81725,2230],{"class":238},[57,81727,1081],{"class":67},[57,81729,19731],{"class":7312},[57,81731,289],{"class":76},[57,81733,1541],{"class":990},[57,81735,498],{"class":67},[57,81737,6775],{"class":22903},[57,81739,84],{"class":67},[15,81741,131],{},[48,81743,81744],{"className":50,"code":80919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,81745,81746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81747,81748],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81749,80919],{"class":285},[15,81751,18922,81752,81754],{},[19,81753,76871],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[616,81756,81758],{"id":81757},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[15,81760,81761,81762,972],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[19,81763,35822],{},[48,81765,81767],{"className":50,"code":81766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[19,81768,81769,81812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81770,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81790,81792,81794,81796,81799,81801,81803,81805,81808,81810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81772,5910],{"class":285},[57,81774,289],{"class":76},[57,81776,1729],{"class":67},[57,81778,939],{"class":938},[57,81780,373],{"class":942},[57,81782,939],{"class":938},[57,81784,1081],{"class":67},[57,81786,1449],{"class":938},[57,81788,81789],{"class":942},"bb",[57,81791,939],{"class":938},[57,81793,1081],{"class":67},[57,81795,1449],{"class":938},[57,81797,81798],{"class":942},"cccc",[57,81800,939],{"class":938},[57,81802,1081],{"class":67},[57,81804,1449],{"class":938},[57,81806,81807],{"class":942},"ddd",[57,81809,939],{"class":938},[57,81811,1742],{"class":67},[57,81813,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81815,64],{"class":63},[57,81817,68],{"class":67},[57,81819,80813],{"class":63},[57,81821,68],{"class":67},[57,81823,5941],{"class":238},[57,81825,1081],{"class":67},[57,81827,19731],{"class":7312},[57,81829,289],{"class":76},[57,81831,35822],{"class":125},[57,81833,41007],{"class":35825},[57,81835,972],{"class":67},[57,81837,36549],{"class":63},[57,81839,68],{"class":67},[57,81841,32867],{"class":238},[57,81843,1001],{"class":67},[15,81845,131],{},[48,81847,81849],{"className":50,"code":81848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cccc\n",[19,81850,81851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81852,81853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81854,81848],{"class":285},[15,81856,47718,81857,2511,81859,81861],{},[19,81858,81662],{},[19,81860,76758],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[43,81863,34774,81865,34777],{"id":81864},"using-the-default-argument",[19,81866,81109],{},[15,81868,17,81869,81871],{},[19,81870,81109],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[15,81873,81874],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[48,81876,81878],{"className":50,"code":81877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[19,81879,81880,81888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81881,81882,81884,81886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81883,1724],{"class":285},[57,81885,289],{"class":76},[57,81887,5970],{"class":67},[57,81889,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81891,64],{"class":63},[57,81893,68],{"class":67},[57,81895,80813],{"class":63},[57,81897,68],{"class":67},[57,81899,1756],{"class":238},[57,81901,1081],{"class":67},[57,81903,24677],{"class":7312},[57,81905,289],{"class":76},[57,81907,182],{"class":80},[57,81909,84],{"class":67},[15,81911,131],{},[48,81913,81914],{"className":50,"code":45419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,81915,81916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81917,81918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81919,45419],{"class":80},[15,81921,81922],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[15,81924,81925,81926,81928],{},"Without ",[19,81927,81109],{},", this would raise an error.",[15,81930,50249],{},[48,81932,81934],{"className":50,"code":81933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[19,81935,81936,81944,81971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81937,81938,81940,81942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81939,2186],{"class":285},[57,81941,289],{"class":76},[57,81943,5970],{"class":67},[57,81945,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81967,81969],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,81947,300],{"class":285},[57,81949,289],{"class":76},[57,81951,81160],{"class":63},[57,81953,68],{"class":67},[57,81955,2230],{"class":238},[57,81957,1081],{"class":67},[57,81959,24677],{"class":7312},[57,81961,289],{"class":76},[57,81963,939],{"class":938},[57,81965,81966],{"class":942},"no words found",[57,81968,939],{"class":938},[57,81970,242],{"class":67},[57,81972,81973,81975,81977,81979],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,81974,64],{"class":63},[57,81976,68],{"class":67},[57,81978,339],{"class":238},[57,81980,242],{"class":67},[15,81982,131],{},[48,81984,81986],{"className":50,"code":81985,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"no words found\n",[19,81987,81988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81989,81990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81991,81985],{"class":285},[15,81993,81994],{},"Important:",[27,81996,81997,82005],{},[30,81998,81999,82001,82002],{},[19,82000,81109],{}," works with ",[19,82003,82004],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[30,82006,39070,82007,82009,82010],{},[1854,82008,2750],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[19,82011,82012],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[43,82014,46154],{"id":46153},[15,82016,82017,82018,498],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[19,82019,80754],{},[616,82021,82023,82025],{"id":82022},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[19,82024,38868],{}," with an empty iterable",[15,82027,82028,82029,44075,82031,498],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[19,82030,81109],{},[19,82032,38868],{},[48,82034,82036],{"className":50,"code":82035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[19,82037,82038,82046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82039,82040,82042,82044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82041,1724],{"class":285},[57,82043,289],{"class":76},[57,82045,5970],{"class":67},[57,82047,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82049,64],{"class":63},[57,82051,68],{"class":67},[57,82053,80813],{"class":63},[57,82055,68],{"class":67},[57,82057,1756],{"class":238},[57,82059,84],{"class":67},[15,82061,27836],{},[48,82063,82065],{"className":50,"code":82064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[19,82066,82067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82068,82069,82071,82073,82075,82077,82080,82082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82070,38868],{"class":990},[57,82072,972],{"class":67},[57,82074,81160],{"class":63},[57,82076,5495],{"class":67},[57,82078,82079],{"class":285}," arg ",[57,82081,10337],{"class":76},[57,82083,82084],{"class":285}," an empty sequence\n",[15,82086,82087,82088,972],{},"Fix it by using ",[19,82089,81109],{},[48,82091,82093],{"className":50,"code":82092,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[19,82094,82095,82103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82096,82097,82099,82101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82098,1724],{"class":285},[57,82100,289],{"class":76},[57,82102,5970],{"class":67},[57,82104,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82106,64],{"class":63},[57,82108,68],{"class":67},[57,82110,80813],{"class":63},[57,82112,68],{"class":67},[57,82114,1756],{"class":238},[57,82116,1081],{"class":67},[57,82118,24677],{"class":7312},[57,82120,289],{"class":76},[57,82122,1890],{"class":1965},[57,82124,84],{"class":67},[15,82126,82127,82128,498],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[373,82129,64012],{"href":71051},[616,82131,82133,82135],{"id":82132},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[19,82134,1097],{}," when items cannot be compared",[15,82137,82138,82139,498],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[19,82140,1097],{},[48,82142,82144],{"className":50,"code":82143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[19,82145,82146,82170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82147,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82149,5910],{"class":285},[57,82151,289],{"class":76},[57,82153,1729],{"class":67},[57,82155,407],{"class":80},[57,82157,1081],{"class":67},[57,82159,1449],{"class":938},[57,82161,13902],{"class":942},[57,82163,939],{"class":938},[57,82165,1081],{"class":67},[57,82167,5926],{"class":80},[57,82169,1742],{"class":67},[57,82171,82172,82174,82176,82178,82180,82182],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82173,64],{"class":63},[57,82175,68],{"class":67},[57,82177,80813],{"class":63},[57,82179,68],{"class":67},[57,82181,5941],{"class":238},[57,82183,84],{"class":67},[15,82185,82186],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[15,82188,82189],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[48,82191,82193],{"className":50,"code":82192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[19,82194,82195,82215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82196,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82198,5910],{"class":285},[57,82200,289],{"class":76},[57,82202,1729],{"class":67},[57,82204,407],{"class":80},[57,82206,1081],{"class":67},[57,82208,5921],{"class":80},[57,82210,1081],{"class":67},[57,82212,5926],{"class":80},[57,82214,1742],{"class":67},[57,82216,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82218,64],{"class":63},[57,82220,68],{"class":67},[57,82222,80813],{"class":63},[57,82224,68],{"class":67},[57,82226,5941],{"class":238},[57,82228,84],{"class":67},[15,82230,82231,82232,498],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[373,82233,82235],{"href":82234},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[616,82237,82239,82241],{"id":82238},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[19,82240,1097],{}," when called with no arguments",[15,82243,82244,82246],{},[19,82245,80754],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[48,82248,82250],{"className":50,"code":82249,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max())\n",[19,82251,82252],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82253,82254,82256,82258,82260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82255,64],{"class":63},[57,82257,68],{"class":67},[57,82259,80813],{"class":63},[57,82261,5323],{"class":67},[15,82263,1094,82264,498],{},[19,82265,1097],{},[43,82267,82269,8724,82271],{"id":82268},"max-vs-sorted",[19,82270,80754],{},[19,82272,72597],{},[15,82274,82275],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[15,82277,82278,972],{},[19,82279,80754],{},[27,82281,82282],{},[30,82283,82284],{},"Returns one largest item",[15,82286,82287,972],{},[19,82288,72597],{},[27,82290,82291],{},[30,82292,82293],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[15,82295,275],{},[48,82297,82299],{"className":50,"code":82298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[19,82300,82301,82325,82329,82343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82302,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82304,1724],{"class":285},[57,82306,289],{"class":76},[57,82308,1729],{"class":67},[57,82310,122],{"class":80},[57,82312,1081],{"class":67},[57,82314,4486],{"class":80},[57,82316,1081],{"class":67},[57,82318,1084],{"class":80},[57,82320,1081],{"class":67},[57,82322,2724],{"class":80},[57,82324,1742],{"class":67},[57,82326,82327],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82328,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,82330,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,82332,64],{"class":63},[57,82334,68],{"class":67},[57,82336,80813],{"class":63},[57,82338,68],{"class":67},[57,82340,1756],{"class":238},[57,82342,84],{"class":67},[57,82344,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,82346,64],{"class":63},[57,82348,68],{"class":67},[57,82350,72687],{"class":63},[57,82352,68],{"class":67},[57,82354,1756],{"class":238},[57,82356,84],{"class":67},[15,82358,131],{},[48,82360,82362],{"className":50,"code":82361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[19,82363,82364,82368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82365,82366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82367,458],{"class":80},[57,82369,82370,82372,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82371,2015],{"class":67},[57,82373,116],{"class":80},[57,82375,1081],{"class":67},[57,82377,530],{"class":80},[57,82379,1081],{"class":67},[57,82381,2724],{"class":80},[57,82383,1081],{"class":67},[57,82385,4486],{"class":80},[57,82387,1742],{"class":67},[15,82389,154,82390,82392],{},[19,82391,80754],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[15,82394,154,82395,82399],{},[373,82396,82397],{"href":72694},[19,82398,72597],{}," when you need all items in order.",[15,82401,82402,82403,498],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[373,82404,82406],{"href":82405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[19,82407,82408],{},"min()",[43,82410,913],{"id":912},[15,82412,82413],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[27,82415,82416,82423,82426,82431,82434],{},[30,82417,27805,82418,82420,82421],{},[19,82419,80754],{}," on an empty list without ",[19,82422,81109],{},[30,82424,82425],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[30,82427,6587,82428,82430],{},[19,82429,80754],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[30,82432,82433],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[30,82435,6551,82436,82438],{},[19,82437,81109],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[15,82440,9253],{},[48,82442,82444],{"className":50,"code":82443,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[19,82445,82446,82456,82470,82484,82498,82520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82447,82448,82450,82452,82454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82449,64],{"class":63},[57,82451,68],{"class":67},[57,82453,5941],{"class":238},[57,82455,242],{"class":67},[57,82457,82458,82460,82462,82464,82466,82468],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82459,64],{"class":63},[57,82461,68],{"class":67},[57,82463,1315],{"class":990},[57,82465,68],{"class":67},[57,82467,5941],{"class":238},[57,82469,84],{"class":67},[57,82471,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,82473,64],{"class":63},[57,82475,68],{"class":67},[57,82477,9302],{"class":63},[57,82479,68],{"class":67},[57,82481,5941],{"class":238},[57,82483,84],{"class":67},[57,82485,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,82487,64],{"class":63},[57,82489,68],{"class":67},[57,82491,80813],{"class":63},[57,82493,68],{"class":67},[57,82495,5941],{"class":238},[57,82497,84],{"class":67},[57,82499,82500,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,82501,64],{"class":63},[57,82503,68],{"class":67},[57,82505,80813],{"class":63},[57,82507,68],{"class":67},[57,82509,5941],{"class":238},[57,82511,1081],{"class":67},[57,82513,24677],{"class":7312},[57,82515,289],{"class":76},[57,82517,1890],{"class":1965},[57,82519,84],{"class":67},[57,82521,82522,82524,82526,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,82523,64],{"class":63},[57,82525,1075],{"class":67},[57,82527,1315],{"class":990},[57,82529,68],{"class":67},[57,82531,239],{"class":238},[57,82533,1769],{"class":67},[57,82535,1991],{"class":1990},[57,82537,1994],{"class":238},[57,82539,1997],{"class":1990},[57,82541,4091],{"class":238},[57,82543,2003],{"class":67},[15,82545,82546],{},"These are useful for checking:",[27,82548,82549,82554,82559,82562],{},[30,82550,82551,82552],{},"What is actually inside ",[19,82553,5941],{},[30,82555,77924,82556,82558],{},[19,82557,5941],{}," is a list or some other type",[30,82560,82561],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[30,82563,82564],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[15,82566,67520,82567,82570,82571,82573],{},[19,82568,82569],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[19,82572,5941],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[43,82575,1554],{"id":1553},[616,82577,3264,82579,3267],{"id":82578},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[19,82580,80754],{},[15,82582,82583],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[616,82585,3292,82587,82589],{"id":82586},"can-max-work-with-strings",[19,82588,80754],{}," work with strings?",[15,82591,82592],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[616,82594,69819],{"id":69818},[15,82596,82597,50664,82599,82601,82602,82604],{},[19,82598,80754],{},[19,82600,38868],{}," unless you use the ",[19,82603,81109],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[616,82606,82608,82609,572],{"id":82607},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[19,82610,80754],{},[15,82612,154,82613,972],{},[19,82614,81662],{},[48,82616,82617],{"className":50,"code":81590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,82618,82619,82651],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82620,82621,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82622,2186],{"class":285},[57,82624,289],{"class":76},[57,82626,1729],{"class":67},[57,82628,939],{"class":938},[57,82630,35209],{"class":942},[57,82632,939],{"class":938},[57,82634,1081],{"class":67},[57,82636,1449],{"class":938},[57,82638,66499],{"class":942},[57,82640,939],{"class":938},[57,82642,1081],{"class":67},[57,82644,1449],{"class":938},[57,82646,56298],{"class":942},[57,82648,939],{"class":938},[57,82650,1742],{"class":67},[57,82652,82653,82655,82657,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669,82671],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82654,64],{"class":63},[57,82656,68],{"class":67},[57,82658,80813],{"class":63},[57,82660,68],{"class":67},[57,82662,2230],{"class":238},[57,82664,1081],{"class":67},[57,82666,19731],{"class":7312},[57,82668,289],{"class":76},[57,82670,9302],{"class":63},[57,82672,84],{"class":67},[616,82674,3302,82676,2511,82678,572],{"id":82675},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[19,82677,80754],{},[19,82679,72597],{},[15,82681,82682,82684,82685,82687],{},[19,82683,80754],{}," returns one largest item. ",[19,82686,72597],{}," returns all items in order.",[43,82689,1602],{"id":1601},[27,82691,82692,82698,82704,82710,82714,82718],{},[30,82693,82694],{},[373,82695,82696,1611],{"href":82405},[19,82697,82408],{},[30,82699,82700],{},[373,82701,82702,1611],{"href":72694},[19,82703,72597],{},[30,82705,82706],{},[373,82707,82708,1611],{"href":40523},[19,82709,40526],{},[30,82711,82712],{},[373,82713,57127],{"href":57126},[30,82715,82716],{},[373,82717,64012],{"href":71051},[30,82719,82720],{},[373,82721,82235],{"href":82234},[1634,82723,82724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":82726},[82727,82728,82730,82731,82733,82735,82737,82742,82744,82752,82754,82755,82766],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":80944,"depth":87,"text":82729},"What max() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":81113,"depth":87,"text":82732},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":81283,"depth":87,"text":82734},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":81418,"depth":87,"text":82736},"Using max() with strings",{"id":76875,"depth":87,"text":78073,"children":82738},[82739,82740,82741],{"id":81586,"depth":103,"text":81587},{"id":81675,"depth":103,"text":81676},{"id":81757,"depth":103,"text":81758},{"id":81864,"depth":87,"text":82743},"Using the default argument",{"id":46153,"depth":87,"text":46154,"children":82745},[82746,82748,82750],{"id":82022,"depth":103,"text":82747},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":82132,"depth":103,"text":82749},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":82238,"depth":103,"text":82751},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":82268,"depth":87,"text":82753},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":82756},[82757,82759,82761,82762,82764],{"id":82578,"depth":103,"text":82758},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":82586,"depth":103,"text":82760},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":69818,"depth":103,"text":69819},{"id":82607,"depth":103,"text":82763},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":82675,"depth":103,"text":82765},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":80746,"description":82767},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":82774,"title":82775,"body":82776,"description":84730,"extension":1666,"meta":84731,"navigation":317,"path":84732,"seo":84733,"stem":84734,"__hash__":84735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":82777,"toc":84687},[82778,82783,82788,82794,82796,82870,82872,82885,82890,82895,82911,82915,82920,82996,83002,83005,83048,83050,83058,83064,83067,83098,83100,83108,83114,83119,83178,83180,83189,83192,83202,83208,83213,83248,83250,83258,83264,83270,83275,83319,83321,83330,83333,83373,83375,83384,83387,83399,83404,83409,83460,83462,83471,83474,83525,83527,83536,83539,83546,83552,83557,83559,83574,83578,83638,83640,83649,83653,83825,83827,83864,83871,83877,83880,83907,83909,83930,83935,83970,83972,83980,83983,83986,84002,84007,84009,84013,84019,84023,84050,84053,84063,84103,84107,84110,84153,84155,84164,84167,84172,84241,84243,84251,84256,84260,84263,84314,84316,84324,84327,84390,84392,84400,84403,84408,84412,84425,84432,84440,84442,84444,84474,84480,84581,84591,84593,84598,84601,84606,84609,84611,84619,84627,84635,84642,84650,84652,84684],[11,82779,1680,82781,1684],{"id":82780},"python-min-function-explained",[19,82782,82408],{},[15,82784,82785,82787],{},[19,82786,82408],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[15,82789,82790,82791,82793],{},"This page explains what ",[19,82792,82408],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[43,82795,46],{"id":45},[48,82797,82799],{"className":50,"code":82798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[19,82800,82801,82825,82840,82844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82802,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82804,1724],{"class":285},[57,82806,289],{"class":76},[57,82808,1729],{"class":67},[57,82810,199],{"class":80},[57,82812,1081],{"class":67},[57,82814,1084],{"class":80},[57,82816,1081],{"class":67},[57,82818,52306],{"class":80},[57,82820,1081],{"class":67},[57,82822,3622],{"class":80},[57,82824,1742],{"class":67},[57,82826,82827,82829,82831,82834,82836,82838],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82828,64],{"class":63},[57,82830,68],{"class":67},[57,82832,82833],{"class":63},"min",[57,82835,68],{"class":67},[57,82837,1756],{"class":238},[57,82839,84],{"class":67},[57,82841,82842],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,82843,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,82845,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,82847,64],{"class":63},[57,82849,68],{"class":67},[57,82851,82833],{"class":63},[57,82853,68],{"class":67},[57,82855,199],{"class":80},[57,82857,1081],{"class":67},[57,82859,1084],{"class":80},[57,82861,1081],{"class":67},[57,82863,52306],{"class":80},[57,82865,1081],{"class":67},[57,82867,3622],{"class":80},[57,82869,84],{"class":67},[15,82871,131],{},[48,82873,82875],{"className":50,"code":82874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n1\n",[19,82876,82877,82881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82878,82879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82880,45084],{"class":80},[57,82882,82883],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82884,45084],{"class":80},[15,82886,154,82887,82889],{},[19,82888,82408],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[43,82891,1787,82893,1790],{"id":82892},"what-min-does",[19,82894,82408],{},[27,82896,82897,82902,82905,82908],{},[30,82898,82899,82901],{},[19,82900,82408],{}," returns the smallest item",[30,82903,82904],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[30,82906,82907],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[30,82909,82910],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[43,82912,82914],{"id":82913},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[15,82916,82917,82918,972],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[19,82919,82408],{},[48,82921,82923],{"className":50,"code":82922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[19,82924,82925,82935,82960,82978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82926,82927,82929,82931,82933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82928,82833],{"class":63},[57,82930,68],{"class":67},[57,82932,1831],{"class":238},[57,82934,242],{"class":67},[57,82936,82937,82939,82941,82944,82946,82949,82951,82954,82956,82958],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,82938,82833],{"class":63},[57,82940,68],{"class":67},[57,82942,82943],{"class":238},"value1",[57,82945,1081],{"class":67},[57,82947,82948],{"class":238}," value2",[57,82950,1081],{"class":67},[57,82952,82953],{"class":238}," value3",[57,82955,1081],{"class":67},[57,82957,32612],{"class":63},[57,82959,242],{"class":67},[57,82961,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,82963,82833],{"class":63},[57,82965,68],{"class":67},[57,82967,1831],{"class":238},[57,82969,1081],{"class":67},[57,82971,19731],{"class":7312},[57,82973,289],{"class":76},[57,82975,35533],{"class":63},[57,82977,242],{"class":67},[57,82979,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,82981,82833],{"class":63},[57,82983,68],{"class":67},[57,82985,1831],{"class":238},[57,82987,1081],{"class":67},[57,82989,24677],{"class":7312},[57,82991,289],{"class":76},[57,82993,35533],{"class":63},[57,82995,242],{"class":67},[616,82997,82999],{"id":82998},"miniterable",[19,83000,83001],{},"min(iterable)",[15,83003,83004],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[48,83006,83008],{"className":50,"code":83007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[19,83009,83010,83034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83011,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83013,1724],{"class":285},[57,83015,289],{"class":76},[57,83017,1729],{"class":67},[57,83019,422],{"class":80},[57,83021,1081],{"class":67},[57,83023,530],{"class":80},[57,83025,1081],{"class":67},[57,83027,29099],{"class":80},[57,83029,1081],{"class":67},[57,83031,3622],{"class":80},[57,83033,1742],{"class":67},[57,83035,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83037,64],{"class":63},[57,83039,68],{"class":67},[57,83041,82833],{"class":63},[57,83043,68],{"class":67},[57,83045,1756],{"class":238},[57,83047,84],{"class":67},[15,83049,131],{},[48,83051,83052],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,83053,83054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83055,83056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83057,45084],{"class":80},[616,83059,83061],{"id":83060},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[19,83062,83063],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[15,83065,83066],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[48,83068,83070],{"className":50,"code":83069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[19,83071,83072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83073,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83075,64],{"class":63},[57,83077,68],{"class":67},[57,83079,82833],{"class":63},[57,83081,68],{"class":67},[57,83083,422],{"class":80},[57,83085,1081],{"class":67},[57,83087,530],{"class":80},[57,83089,1081],{"class":67},[57,83091,29099],{"class":80},[57,83093,1081],{"class":67},[57,83095,3622],{"class":80},[57,83097,84],{"class":67},[15,83099,131],{},[48,83101,83102],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,83103,83104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83105,83106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83107,45084],{"class":80},[616,83109,83111],{"id":83110},"miniterable-key",[19,83112,83113],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[15,83115,154,83116,83118],{},[19,83117,12988],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[48,83120,83122],{"className":50,"code":83121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[19,83123,83124,83156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83125,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83127,2186],{"class":285},[57,83129,289],{"class":76},[57,83131,1729],{"class":67},[57,83133,939],{"class":938},[57,83135,76917],{"class":942},[57,83137,939],{"class":938},[57,83139,1081],{"class":67},[57,83141,1449],{"class":938},[57,83143,36504],{"class":942},[57,83145,939],{"class":938},[57,83147,1081],{"class":67},[57,83149,1449],{"class":938},[57,83151,2204],{"class":942},[57,83153,939],{"class":938},[57,83155,1742],{"class":67},[57,83157,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83159,64],{"class":63},[57,83161,68],{"class":67},[57,83163,82833],{"class":63},[57,83165,68],{"class":67},[57,83167,2230],{"class":238},[57,83169,1081],{"class":67},[57,83171,19731],{"class":7312},[57,83173,289],{"class":76},[57,83175,9302],{"class":63},[57,83177,84],{"class":67},[15,83179,131],{},[48,83181,83183],{"className":50,"code":83182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"kiwi\n",[19,83184,83185],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83186,83187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83188,83182],{"class":285},[15,83190,83191],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[15,83193,83194,83195,83197,83198,498],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[19,83196,40526],{},", see the ",[373,83199,83200,1611],{"href":40523},[19,83201,40526],{},[616,83203,83205],{"id":83204},"miniterable-default",[19,83206,83207],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[15,83209,154,83210,83212],{},[19,83211,81109],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[48,83214,83216],{"className":50,"code":83215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[19,83217,83218,83226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83219,83220,83222,83224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83221,1724],{"class":285},[57,83223,289],{"class":76},[57,83225,5970],{"class":67},[57,83227,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83229,64],{"class":63},[57,83231,68],{"class":67},[57,83233,82833],{"class":63},[57,83235,68],{"class":67},[57,83237,1756],{"class":238},[57,83239,1081],{"class":67},[57,83241,24677],{"class":7312},[57,83243,289],{"class":76},[57,83245,182],{"class":80},[57,83247,84],{"class":67},[15,83249,131],{},[48,83251,83252],{"className":50,"code":45419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,83253,83254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83255,83256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83257,45419],{"class":80},[15,83259,83260,83261,83263],{},"This avoids a ",[19,83262,38868],{}," when there is no item to return.",[43,83265,6551,83267,83269],{"id":83266},"using-min-with-numbers",[19,83268,82408],{}," with numbers",[15,83271,83272,83274],{},[19,83273,82408],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[48,83276,83278],{"className":50,"code":83277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[19,83279,83280,83305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83281,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83283,3185],{"class":285},[57,83285,289],{"class":76},[57,83287,1729],{"class":67},[57,83289,49674],{"class":80},[57,83291,1081],{"class":67},[57,83293,83294],{"class":80}," 72",[57,83296,1081],{"class":67},[57,83298,27061],{"class":80},[57,83300,1081],{"class":67},[57,83302,74273],{"class":80},[57,83304,1742],{"class":67},[57,83306,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83308,64],{"class":63},[57,83310,68],{"class":67},[57,83312,82833],{"class":63},[57,83314,68],{"class":67},[57,83316,14537],{"class":238},[57,83318,84],{"class":67},[15,83320,131],{},[48,83322,83324],{"className":50,"code":83323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"60\n",[19,83325,83326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83327,83328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83329,83323],{"class":80},[15,83331,83332],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[48,83334,83336],{"className":50,"code":83335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[19,83337,83338,83359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83339,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83353,83355,83357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83341,81221],{"class":285},[57,83343,289],{"class":76},[57,83345,1729],{"class":67},[57,83347,38562],{"class":80},[57,83349,1081],{"class":67},[57,83351,83352],{"class":80}," 5.49",[57,83354,1081],{"class":67},[57,83356,81237],{"class":80},[57,83358,1742],{"class":67},[57,83360,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83362,64],{"class":63},[57,83364,68],{"class":67},[57,83366,82833],{"class":63},[57,83368,68],{"class":67},[57,83370,81257],{"class":238},[57,83372,84],{"class":67},[15,83374,131],{},[48,83376,83378],{"className":50,"code":83377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.49\n",[19,83379,83380],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83381,83382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83383,83377],{"class":80},[15,83385,83386],{},"This is useful for things like:",[27,83388,83389,83391,83393,83396],{},[30,83390,14537],{},[30,83392,81257],{},[30,83394,83395],{},"measurements",[30,83397,83398],{},"ages",[43,83400,6551,83402,45226],{"id":83401},"using-min-with-strings",[19,83403,82408],{},[15,83405,83406,83408],{},[19,83407,82408],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[48,83410,83412],{"className":50,"code":83411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[19,83413,83414,83446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83415,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83417,2186],{"class":285},[57,83419,289],{"class":76},[57,83421,1729],{"class":67},[57,83423,939],{"class":938},[57,83425,2204],{"class":942},[57,83427,939],{"class":938},[57,83429,1081],{"class":67},[57,83431,1449],{"class":938},[57,83433,2195],{"class":942},[57,83435,939],{"class":938},[57,83437,1081],{"class":67},[57,83439,1449],{"class":938},[57,83441,2213],{"class":942},[57,83443,939],{"class":938},[57,83445,1742],{"class":67},[57,83447,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83449,64],{"class":63},[57,83451,68],{"class":67},[57,83453,82833],{"class":63},[57,83455,68],{"class":67},[57,83457,2230],{"class":238},[57,83459,84],{"class":67},[15,83461,131],{},[48,83463,83465],{"className":50,"code":83464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple\n",[19,83466,83467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83468,83469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83470,83464],{"class":285},[15,83472,83473],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[48,83475,83477],{"className":50,"code":83476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[19,83478,83479,83511],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83480,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83482,2186],{"class":285},[57,83484,289],{"class":76},[57,83486,1729],{"class":67},[57,83488,939],{"class":938},[57,83490,2204],{"class":942},[57,83492,939],{"class":938},[57,83494,1081],{"class":67},[57,83496,1449],{"class":938},[57,83498,55939],{"class":942},[57,83500,939],{"class":938},[57,83502,1081],{"class":67},[57,83504,1449],{"class":938},[57,83506,2213],{"class":942},[57,83508,939],{"class":938},[57,83510,1742],{"class":67},[57,83512,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83514,64],{"class":63},[57,83516,68],{"class":67},[57,83518,82833],{"class":63},[57,83520,68],{"class":67},[57,83522,2230],{"class":238},[57,83524,84],{"class":67},[15,83526,131],{},[48,83528,83530],{"className":50,"code":83529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\n",[19,83531,83532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83533,83534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83535,83529],{"class":285},[15,83537,83538],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[15,83540,83541,83542,498],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[373,83543,83544,3908],{"href":72694},[19,83545,72597],{},[43,83547,6551,83549,83551],{"id":83548},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[19,83550,82408],{}," with a key function",[15,83553,17,83554,83556],{},[19,83555,12988],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[15,83558,9600],{},[27,83560,83561,83566,83571],{},[30,83562,83563,83565],{},[19,83564,12988],{}," changes the comparison rule",[30,83567,83568,83570],{},[19,83569,82408],{}," still returns the original item",[30,83572,83573],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[616,83575,83577],{"id":83576},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[48,83579,83581],{"className":50,"code":83580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[19,83582,83583,83616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83584,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609,83612,83614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83586,2186],{"class":285},[57,83588,289],{"class":76},[57,83590,1729],{"class":67},[57,83592,939],{"class":938},[57,83594,66499],{"class":942},[57,83596,939],{"class":938},[57,83598,1081],{"class":67},[57,83600,1449],{"class":938},[57,83602,35209],{"class":942},[57,83604,939],{"class":938},[57,83606,1081],{"class":67},[57,83608,1449],{"class":938},[57,83610,83611],{"class":942},"giraffe",[57,83613,939],{"class":938},[57,83615,1742],{"class":67},[57,83617,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83619,64],{"class":63},[57,83621,68],{"class":67},[57,83623,82833],{"class":63},[57,83625,68],{"class":67},[57,83627,2230],{"class":238},[57,83629,1081],{"class":67},[57,83631,19731],{"class":7312},[57,83633,289],{"class":76},[57,83635,9302],{"class":63},[57,83637,84],{"class":67},[15,83639,131],{},[48,83641,83643],{"className":50,"code":83642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cat\n",[19,83644,83645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83646,83647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83648,83642],{"class":285},[616,83650,83652],{"id":83651},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[48,83654,83656],{"className":50,"code":83655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[19,83657,83658,83668,83703,83735,83767,83771,83775,83814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83659,83660,83663,83665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83661,83662],{"class":285},"students ",[57,83664,289],{"class":76},[57,83666,83667],{"class":67}," [\n",[57,83669,83670,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83694,83696,83698,83700],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83671,83672],{"class":67},"    {",[57,83674,939],{"class":938},[57,83676,5798],{"class":942},[57,83678,939],{"class":938},[57,83680,972],{"class":67},[57,83682,1449],{"class":938},[57,83684,11025],{"class":942},[57,83686,939],{"class":938},[57,83688,1081],{"class":67},[57,83690,1449],{"class":938},[57,83692,83693],{"class":942},"score",[57,83695,939],{"class":938},[57,83697,972],{"class":67},[57,83699,11653],{"class":80},[57,83701,83702],{"class":67},"},\n",[57,83704,83705,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83725,83727,83729,83731,83733],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,83706,83672],{"class":67},[57,83708,939],{"class":938},[57,83710,5798],{"class":942},[57,83712,939],{"class":938},[57,83714,972],{"class":67},[57,83716,1449],{"class":938},[57,83718,34101],{"class":942},[57,83720,939],{"class":938},[57,83722,1081],{"class":67},[57,83724,1449],{"class":938},[57,83726,83693],{"class":942},[57,83728,939],{"class":938},[57,83730,972],{"class":67},[57,83732,83294],{"class":80},[57,83734,83702],{"class":67},[57,83736,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,83738,83672],{"class":67},[57,83740,939],{"class":938},[57,83742,5798],{"class":942},[57,83744,939],{"class":938},[57,83746,972],{"class":67},[57,83748,1449],{"class":938},[57,83750,34110],{"class":942},[57,83752,939],{"class":938},[57,83754,1081],{"class":67},[57,83756,1449],{"class":938},[57,83758,83693],{"class":942},[57,83760,939],{"class":938},[57,83762,972],{"class":67},[57,83764,18049],{"class":80},[57,83766,7446],{"class":67},[57,83768,83769],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,83770,1742],{"class":67},[57,83772,83773],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,83774,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,83776,83777,83780,83782,83785,83787,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,83778,83779],{"class":285},"lowest ",[57,83781,289],{"class":76},[57,83783,83784],{"class":63}," min",[57,83786,68],{"class":67},[57,83788,83789],{"class":238},"students",[57,83791,1081],{"class":67},[57,83793,19731],{"class":7312},[57,83795,289],{"class":76},[57,83797,35822],{"class":125},[57,83799,11051],{"class":35825},[57,83801,972],{"class":67},[57,83803,11051],{"class":238},[57,83805,2015],{"class":67},[57,83807,939],{"class":938},[57,83809,83693],{"class":942},[57,83811,939],{"class":938},[57,83813,2003],{"class":67},[57,83815,83816,83818,83820,83823],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,83817,64],{"class":63},[57,83819,68],{"class":67},[57,83821,83822],{"class":238},"lowest",[57,83824,242],{"class":67},[15,83826,131],{},[48,83828,83830],{"className":50,"code":83829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[19,83831,83832],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83833,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83835,7415],{"class":67},[57,83837,1395],{"class":938},[57,83839,5798],{"class":942},[57,83841,1395],{"class":938},[57,83843,972],{"class":67},[57,83845,1390],{"class":938},[57,83847,34101],{"class":942},[57,83849,1395],{"class":938},[57,83851,1081],{"class":67},[57,83853,1390],{"class":938},[57,83855,83693],{"class":942},[57,83857,1395],{"class":938},[57,83859,972],{"class":67},[57,83861,83294],{"class":80},[57,83863,7446],{"class":67},[15,83865,83866,83867,83870],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[19,83868,83869],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[43,83872,6551,83874,83876],{"id":83873},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[19,83875,81109],{}," with empty iterables",[15,83878,83879],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[48,83881,83883],{"className":50,"code":83882,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[19,83884,83885,83893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83886,83887,83889,83891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83888,1724],{"class":285},[57,83890,289],{"class":76},[57,83892,5970],{"class":67},[57,83894,83895,83897,83899,83901,83903,83905],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83896,64],{"class":63},[57,83898,68],{"class":67},[57,83900,82833],{"class":63},[57,83902,68],{"class":67},[57,83904,1756],{"class":238},[57,83906,84],{"class":67},[15,83908,131],{},[48,83910,83912],{"className":50,"code":83911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[19,83913,83914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83915,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83917,38868],{"class":990},[57,83919,972],{"class":67},[57,83921,83784],{"class":63},[57,83923,5495],{"class":67},[57,83925,82079],{"class":285},[57,83927,10337],{"class":76},[57,83929,82084],{"class":285},[15,83931,83932,83933,972],{},"To avoid that, use ",[19,83934,81109],{},[48,83936,83938],{"className":50,"code":83937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[19,83939,83940,83948],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83941,83942,83944,83946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83943,1724],{"class":285},[57,83945,289],{"class":76},[57,83947,5970],{"class":67},[57,83949,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,83951,64],{"class":63},[57,83953,68],{"class":67},[57,83955,82833],{"class":63},[57,83957,68],{"class":67},[57,83959,1756],{"class":238},[57,83961,1081],{"class":67},[57,83963,24677],{"class":7312},[57,83965,289],{"class":76},[57,83967,1890],{"class":1965},[57,83969,84],{"class":67},[15,83971,131],{},[48,83973,83974],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,83975,83976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83977,83978],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83979,9951],{"class":1965},[15,83981,83982],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[15,83984,83985],{},"Remember:",[27,83987,83988,83996],{},[30,83989,83990,83992,83993,83995],{},[19,83991,81109],{}," works only when ",[19,83994,82408],{}," gets one iterable argument",[30,83997,83998,83999],{},"It does not work with ",[19,84000,84001],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[15,84003,84004,84005,498],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[373,84006,64012],{"href":71051},[43,84008,8884],{"id":8883},[15,84010,54946,84011,498],{},[19,84012,82408],{},[616,84014,84016,84017],{"id":84015},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[19,84018,81109],{},[15,84020,1094,84021,972],{},[19,84022,38868],{},[48,84024,84026],{"className":50,"code":84025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[19,84027,84028,84036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84029,84030,84032,84034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84031,5910],{"class":285},[57,84033,289],{"class":76},[57,84035,5970],{"class":67},[57,84037,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84039,64],{"class":63},[57,84041,68],{"class":67},[57,84043,82833],{"class":63},[57,84045,68],{"class":67},[57,84047,5941],{"class":238},[57,84049,84],{"class":67},[15,84051,84052],{},"Fix it by:",[27,84054,84055,84058],{},[30,84056,84057],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[30,84059,84060,84061],{},"or using ",[19,84062,81109],{},[48,84064,84066],{"className":50,"code":84065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[19,84067,84068,84076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84069,84070,84072,84074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84071,5910],{"class":285},[57,84073,289],{"class":76},[57,84075,5970],{"class":67},[57,84077,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094,84096,84099,84101],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84079,64],{"class":63},[57,84081,68],{"class":67},[57,84083,82833],{"class":63},[57,84085,68],{"class":67},[57,84087,5941],{"class":238},[57,84089,1081],{"class":67},[57,84091,24677],{"class":7312},[57,84093,289],{"class":76},[57,84095,939],{"class":938},[57,84097,84098],{"class":942},"no items",[57,84100,939],{"class":938},[57,84102,84],{"class":67},[616,84104,84106],{"id":84105},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[15,84108,84109],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[48,84111,84113],{"className":50,"code":84112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[19,84114,84115,84139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84116,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84118,7302],{"class":285},[57,84120,289],{"class":76},[57,84122,1729],{"class":67},[57,84124,407],{"class":80},[57,84126,1081],{"class":67},[57,84128,1449],{"class":938},[57,84130,13902],{"class":942},[57,84132,939],{"class":938},[57,84134,1081],{"class":67},[57,84136,2724],{"class":80},[57,84138,1742],{"class":67},[57,84140,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84142,64],{"class":63},[57,84144,68],{"class":67},[57,84146,82833],{"class":63},[57,84148,68],{"class":67},[57,84150,7341],{"class":238},[57,84152,84],{"class":67},[15,84154,131],{},[48,84156,84158],{"className":50,"code":84157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError\n",[19,84159,84160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84161,84162],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84163,84157],{"class":990},[15,84165,84166],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[15,84168,84169,84170,498],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[19,84171,82408],{},[48,84173,84175],{"className":50,"code":84174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[19,84176,84177,84201,84227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84178,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84180,7302],{"class":285},[57,84182,289],{"class":76},[57,84184,1729],{"class":67},[57,84186,407],{"class":80},[57,84188,1081],{"class":67},[57,84190,1449],{"class":938},[57,84192,13902],{"class":942},[57,84194,939],{"class":938},[57,84196,1081],{"class":67},[57,84198,2724],{"class":80},[57,84200,1742],{"class":67},[57,84202,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84204,1724],{"class":285},[57,84206,289],{"class":76},[57,84208,1729],{"class":67},[57,84210,255],{"class":990},[57,84212,68],{"class":67},[57,84214,239],{"class":238},[57,84216,1769],{"class":67},[57,84218,1991],{"class":1990},[57,84220,1994],{"class":285},[57,84222,1997],{"class":1990},[57,84224,12713],{"class":285},[57,84226,1742],{"class":67},[57,84228,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,84230,64],{"class":63},[57,84232,68],{"class":67},[57,84234,82833],{"class":63},[57,84236,68],{"class":67},[57,84238,1756],{"class":238},[57,84240,84],{"class":67},[15,84242,131],{},[48,84244,84245],{"className":50,"code":1036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,84246,84247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84248,84249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84250,1036],{"class":80},[15,84252,84253,84254,498],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[19,84255,1097],{},[616,84257,84259],{"id":84258},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[15,84261,84262],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[48,84264,84266],{"className":50,"code":84265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[19,84267,84268,84300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84269,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84271,2186],{"class":285},[57,84273,289],{"class":76},[57,84275,1729],{"class":67},[57,84277,939],{"class":938},[57,84279,77733],{"class":942},[57,84281,939],{"class":938},[57,84283,1081],{"class":67},[57,84285,1449],{"class":938},[57,84287,55939],{"class":942},[57,84289,939],{"class":938},[57,84291,1081],{"class":67},[57,84293,1449],{"class":938},[57,84295,77750],{"class":942},[57,84297,939],{"class":938},[57,84299,1742],{"class":67},[57,84301,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310,84312],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84303,64],{"class":63},[57,84305,68],{"class":67},[57,84307,82833],{"class":63},[57,84309,68],{"class":67},[57,84311,2230],{"class":238},[57,84313,84],{"class":67},[15,84315,131],{},[48,84317,84318],{"className":50,"code":83529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,84319,84320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84321,84322],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84323,83529],{"class":285},[15,84325,84326],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[48,84328,84330],{"className":50,"code":84329,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[19,84331,84332,84364],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84333,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84335,2186],{"class":285},[57,84337,289],{"class":76},[57,84339,1729],{"class":67},[57,84341,939],{"class":938},[57,84343,77733],{"class":942},[57,84345,939],{"class":938},[57,84347,1081],{"class":67},[57,84349,1449],{"class":938},[57,84351,55939],{"class":942},[57,84353,939],{"class":938},[57,84355,1081],{"class":67},[57,84357,1449],{"class":938},[57,84359,77750],{"class":942},[57,84361,939],{"class":938},[57,84363,1742],{"class":67},[57,84365,84366,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384,84386,84388],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84367,64],{"class":63},[57,84369,68],{"class":67},[57,84371,82833],{"class":63},[57,84373,68],{"class":67},[57,84375,2230],{"class":238},[57,84377,1081],{"class":67},[57,84379,19731],{"class":7312},[57,84381,289],{"class":76},[57,84383,1541],{"class":990},[57,84385,498],{"class":67},[57,84387,6775],{"class":22903},[57,84389,84],{"class":67},[15,84391,131],{},[48,84393,84394],{"className":50,"code":83529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,84395,84396],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84397,84398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84399,83529],{"class":285},[15,84401,84402],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[43,84404,3082,84406],{"id":84405},"when-to-use-min",[19,84407,82408],{},[15,84409,154,84410,8740],{},[19,84411,82408],{},[27,84413,84414,84417,84422],{},[30,84415,84416],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[30,84418,84419,84420],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[19,84421,12988],{},[30,84423,84424],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[15,84426,154,84427,84431],{},[373,84428,84429],{"href":72694},[19,84430,72597],{}," if you need all items in order.",[15,84433,154,84434,84439],{},[373,84435,84437],{"href":84436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[19,84438,80754],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[43,84441,913],{"id":912},[15,84443,82413],{},[27,84445,84446,84454,84457,84462,84469],{},[30,84447,84448,84449,84451,84452],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[19,84450,82408],{}," without using ",[19,84453,81109],{},[30,84455,84456],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[30,84458,6587,84459,84461],{},[19,84460,82408],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[30,84463,2824,84464,84466,84467,83570],{},[19,84465,12988],{}," affects comparison but ",[19,84468,82408],{},[30,84470,6551,84471,84473],{},[19,84472,81109],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[15,84475,84476,84477,84479],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[19,84478,82408],{},", these quick checks can help:",[48,84481,84483],{"className":50,"code":84482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[19,84484,84485,84499,84509,84523,84537,84559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84486,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84488,64],{"class":63},[57,84490,68],{"class":67},[57,84492,1315],{"class":990},[57,84494,68],{"class":67},[57,84496,7341],{"class":238},[57,84498,84],{"class":67},[57,84500,84501,84503,84505,84507],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84502,64],{"class":63},[57,84504,68],{"class":67},[57,84506,7341],{"class":238},[57,84508,242],{"class":67},[57,84510,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,84512,64],{"class":63},[57,84514,68],{"class":67},[57,84516,9302],{"class":63},[57,84518,68],{"class":67},[57,84520,7341],{"class":238},[57,84522,84],{"class":67},[57,84524,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,84526,64],{"class":63},[57,84528,68],{"class":67},[57,84530,82833],{"class":63},[57,84532,68],{"class":67},[57,84534,7341],{"class":238},[57,84536,84],{"class":67},[57,84538,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,84540,64],{"class":63},[57,84542,68],{"class":67},[57,84544,82833],{"class":63},[57,84546,68],{"class":67},[57,84548,7341],{"class":238},[57,84550,1081],{"class":67},[57,84552,24677],{"class":7312},[57,84554,289],{"class":76},[57,84556,1890],{"class":1965},[57,84558,84],{"class":67},[57,84560,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,84562,64],{"class":63},[57,84564,68],{"class":67},[57,84566,82833],{"class":63},[57,84568,68],{"class":67},[57,84570,2230],{"class":238},[57,84572,1081],{"class":67},[57,84574,19731],{"class":7312},[57,84576,289],{"class":76},[57,84578,9302],{"class":63},[57,84580,84],{"class":67},[15,84582,84583,84584,84587,84588,84590],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[19,84585,84586],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[19,84589,7341],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[43,84592,1554],{"id":1553},[616,84594,3264,84596,3267],{"id":84595},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[19,84597,82408],{},[15,84599,84600],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[616,84602,3292,84604,82589],{"id":84603},"can-min-work-with-strings",[19,84605,82408],{},[15,84607,84608],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[616,84610,69819],{"id":69818},[15,84612,84613,50664,84615,82601,84617,34783],{},[19,84614,82408],{},[19,84616,38868],{},[19,84618,81109],{},[616,84620,3264,84622,84624,84625,572],{"id":84621},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[19,84623,12988],{}," do in ",[19,84626,82408],{},[15,84628,84629,84631,84632,84634],{},[19,84630,12988],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[19,84633,81662],{}," compares strings by length.",[616,84636,3302,84638,2511,84640,572],{"id":84637},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[19,84639,82408],{},[19,84641,72597],{},[15,84643,84644,84646,84647,84649],{},[19,84645,82408],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[19,84648,72597],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[43,84651,1602],{"id":1601},[27,84653,84654,84660,84666,84672,84676,84680],{},[30,84655,84656],{},[373,84657,84658,1611],{"href":84436},[19,84659,80754],{},[30,84661,84662],{},[373,84663,84664,1611],{"href":72694},[19,84665,72597],{},[30,84667,84668],{},[373,84669,84670,1611],{"href":40523},[19,84671,40526],{},[30,84673,84674],{},[373,84675,78046],{"href":76549},[30,84677,84678],{},[373,84679,57127],{"href":57126},[30,84681,84682],{},[373,84683,64012],{"href":71051},[1634,84685,84686],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":84688},[84689,84690,84692,84698,84700,84702,84707,84709,84715,84717,84718,84729],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":82892,"depth":87,"text":84691},"What min() does",{"id":82913,"depth":87,"text":82914,"children":84693},[84694,84695,84696,84697],{"id":82998,"depth":103,"text":83001},{"id":83060,"depth":103,"text":83063},{"id":83110,"depth":103,"text":83113},{"id":83204,"depth":103,"text":83207},{"id":83266,"depth":87,"text":84699},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":83401,"depth":87,"text":84701},"Using min() with strings",{"id":83548,"depth":87,"text":84703,"children":84704},"Using min() with a key function",[84705,84706],{"id":83576,"depth":103,"text":83577},{"id":83651,"depth":103,"text":83652},{"id":83873,"depth":87,"text":84708},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":8883,"depth":87,"text":8884,"children":84710},[84711,84713,84714],{"id":84015,"depth":103,"text":84712},"Empty list without default",{"id":84105,"depth":103,"text":84106},{"id":84258,"depth":103,"text":84259},{"id":84405,"depth":87,"text":84716},"When to use min()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":84719},[84720,84722,84724,84725,84727],{"id":84595,"depth":103,"text":84721},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":84603,"depth":103,"text":84723},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":69818,"depth":103,"text":69819},{"id":84621,"depth":103,"text":84726},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":84637,"depth":103,"text":84728},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":82775,"description":84730},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":84737,"title":84738,"body":84739,"description":86918,"extension":1666,"meta":86919,"navigation":317,"path":86920,"seo":86921,"stem":86922,"__hash__":86923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":84740,"toc":86882},[84741,84744,84750,84756,84758,84839,84848,84852,84857,84859,84904,84906,84986,84992,84994,84997,85029,85031,85049,85051,85124,85126,85145,85149,85152,85188,85190,85257,85331,85404,85409,85413,85419,85422,85439,85442,85444,85505,85507,85527,85533,85537,85540,85610,85613,85632,85637,85713,85716,85720,85726,85730,85735,85805,85809,85814,85888,85892,85895,85970,85981,85985,85990,86080,86085,86153,86156,86175,86186,86190,86193,86198,86201,86263,86266,86277,86282,86285,86288,86293,86296,86299,86303,86306,86312,86315,86326,86328,86390,86405,86411,86414,86417,86428,86439,86445,86448,86450,86512,86522,86528,86533,86539,86543,86549,86552,86573,86575,86580,86607,86610,86637,86640,86679,86682,86720,86723,86784,86787,86789,86793,86796,86800,86806,86814,86822,86826,86829,86833,86839,86841,86879],[11,84742,84738],{"id":84743},"python-open-function-explained",[15,84745,84746,84749],{},[19,84747,84748],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[15,84751,84752,84753,84755],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[19,84754,84748],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[43,84757,46],{"id":45},[48,84759,84761],{"className":50,"code":84760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[19,84762,84763,84812,84828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84764,84765,84768,84771,84773,84775,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84793,84795,84797,84800,84802,84804,84806,84810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84766,84767],{"class":1990},"with",[57,84769,84770],{"class":63}," open",[57,84772,68],{"class":67},[57,84774,939],{"class":938},[57,84776,84777],{"class":942},"example.txt",[57,84779,939],{"class":938},[57,84781,1081],{"class":67},[57,84783,1449],{"class":938},[57,84785,58677],{"class":942},[57,84787,939],{"class":938},[57,84789,1081],{"class":67},[57,84791,84792],{"class":7312}," encoding",[57,84794,289],{"class":76},[57,84796,939],{"class":938},[57,84798,84799],{"class":942},"utf-8",[57,84801,939],{"class":938},[57,84803,1769],{"class":67},[57,84805,45525],{"class":1990},[57,84807,84809],{"class":84808},"sMMDD"," file",[57,84811,4520],{"class":67},[57,84813,84814,84817,84819,84821,84823,84826],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84815,84816],{"class":285},"    content ",[57,84818,289],{"class":76},[57,84820,84809],{"class":84808},[57,84822,498],{"class":67},[57,84824,84825],{"class":238},"read",[57,84827,6778],{"class":67},[57,84829,84830,84832,84834,84837],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,84831,6201],{"class":63},[57,84833,68],{"class":67},[57,84835,84836],{"class":238},"content",[57,84838,242],{"class":67},[15,84840,154,84841,84843,84844,84847],{},[19,84842,84767],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[19,84845,84846],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[43,84849,84851],{"id":84850},"what-open-does","What open() does",[15,84853,84854,84856],{},[19,84855,84748],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[15,84858,9600],{},[27,84860,84861,84864,84869,84874],{},[30,84862,84863],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[30,84865,39070,84866,84868],{},[1854,84867,2750],{}," read or write anything by itself",[30,84870,15571,84871],{},[1854,84872,84873],{},"file object",[30,84875,84876,84877],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[27,84878,84879,84884,84889,84894,84899],{},[30,84880,84881],{},[19,84882,84883],{},"read()",[30,84885,84886],{},[19,84887,84888],{},"readline()",[30,84890,84891],{},[19,84892,84893],{},"readlines()",[30,84895,84896],{},[19,84897,84898],{},"write()",[30,84900,84901],{},[19,84902,84903],{},"close()",[15,84905,275],{},[48,84907,84909],{"className":50,"code":84908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[19,84910,84911,84950,84965,84975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84912,84913,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84914,84915],{"class":84808},"file",[57,84917,11422],{"class":76},[57,84919,84770],{"class":63},[57,84921,68],{"class":67},[57,84923,939],{"class":938},[57,84925,84777],{"class":942},[57,84927,939],{"class":938},[57,84929,1081],{"class":67},[57,84931,1449],{"class":938},[57,84933,58677],{"class":942},[57,84935,939],{"class":938},[57,84937,1081],{"class":67},[57,84939,84792],{"class":7312},[57,84941,289],{"class":76},[57,84943,939],{"class":938},[57,84945,84799],{"class":942},[57,84947,939],{"class":938},[57,84949,242],{"class":67},[57,84951,84952,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,84953,84954],{"class":285},"content ",[57,84956,289],{"class":76},[57,84958,84809],{"class":84808},[57,84960,498],{"class":67},[57,84962,84825],{"class":238},[57,84964,6778],{"class":67},[57,84966,84967,84969,84971,84973],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,84968,64],{"class":63},[57,84970,68],{"class":67},[57,84972,84836],{"class":238},[57,84974,242],{"class":67},[57,84976,84977,84979,84981,84984],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,84978,84915],{"class":84808},[57,84980,498],{"class":67},[57,84982,84983],{"class":238},"close",[57,84985,6778],{"class":67},[15,84987,84988,84989,84991],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[19,84990,84767],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[43,84993,221],{"id":220},[15,84995,84996],{},"A common form is:",[48,84998,85000],{"className":50,"code":84999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[19,85001,85002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85003,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85005,40592],{"class":63},[57,85007,68],{"class":67},[57,85009,84915],{"class":84808},[57,85011,1081],{"class":67},[57,85013,85014],{"class":238}," mode",[57,85016,1081],{"class":67},[57,85018,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85020,289],{"class":76},[57,85022,939],{"class":938},[57,85024,84799],{"class":942},[57,85026,939],{"class":938},[57,85028,242],{"class":67},[15,85030,63218],{},[27,85032,85033,85038,85043],{},[30,85034,85035,85037],{},[19,85036,84915],{}," is the file name or file path",[30,85039,85040,85042],{},[19,85041,19070],{}," controls how the file is opened",[30,85044,85045,85048],{},[19,85046,85047],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[15,85050,275],{},[48,85052,85054],{"className":50,"code":85053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[19,85055,85056,85099,85114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85057,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85059,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85061,84770],{"class":63},[57,85063,68],{"class":67},[57,85065,939],{"class":938},[57,85067,85068],{"class":942},"notes.txt",[57,85070,939],{"class":938},[57,85072,1081],{"class":67},[57,85074,1449],{"class":938},[57,85076,58677],{"class":942},[57,85078,939],{"class":938},[57,85080,1081],{"class":67},[57,85082,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85084,289],{"class":76},[57,85086,939],{"class":938},[57,85088,84799],{"class":942},[57,85090,939],{"class":938},[57,85092,1769],{"class":67},[57,85094,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85096,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85098,4520],{"class":67},[57,85100,85101,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85102,85103],{"class":285},"    text ",[57,85105,289],{"class":76},[57,85107,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85109,498],{"class":67},[57,85111,84825],{"class":238},[57,85113,6778],{"class":67},[57,85115,85116,85118,85120,85122],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85117,6201],{"class":63},[57,85119,68],{"class":67},[57,85121,32867],{"class":238},[57,85123,242],{"class":67},[15,85125,18108],{},[27,85127,85128,85134,85139],{},[30,85129,85130,85133],{},[19,85131,85132],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[30,85135,85136,85138],{},[19,85137,84846],{}," means open for reading",[30,85140,85141,85144],{},[19,85142,85143],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[43,85146,85148],{"id":85147},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[15,85150,85151],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[27,85153,85154,85159,85165,85170,85176,85182],{},[30,85155,85156,85158],{},[19,85157,84846],{}," = read a text file",[30,85160,85161,85164],{},[19,85162,85163],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[30,85166,85167,85169],{},[19,85168,16246],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[30,85171,85172,85175],{},[19,85173,85174],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[30,85177,85178,85181],{},[19,85179,85180],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[30,85183,85184,85187],{},[19,85185,85186],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[15,85189,188],{},[48,85191,85193],{"className":50,"code":85192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[19,85194,85195,85200,85243],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85196,85197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85198,85199],{"class":1772},"# Read a text file\n",[57,85201,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85203,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85205,84770],{"class":63},[57,85207,68],{"class":67},[57,85209,939],{"class":938},[57,85211,85212],{"class":942},"data.txt",[57,85214,939],{"class":938},[57,85216,1081],{"class":67},[57,85218,1449],{"class":938},[57,85220,58677],{"class":942},[57,85222,939],{"class":938},[57,85224,1081],{"class":67},[57,85226,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85228,289],{"class":76},[57,85230,939],{"class":938},[57,85232,84799],{"class":942},[57,85234,939],{"class":938},[57,85236,1769],{"class":67},[57,85238,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85240,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85242,4520],{"class":67},[57,85244,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85246,6201],{"class":63},[57,85248,68],{"class":67},[57,85250,84915],{"class":84808},[57,85252,498],{"class":67},[57,85254,84825],{"class":238},[57,85256,5323],{"class":67},[48,85258,85260],{"className":50,"code":85259,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[19,85261,85262,85267,85309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85263,85264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85265,85266],{"class":1772},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[57,85268,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85270,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85272,84770],{"class":63},[57,85274,68],{"class":67},[57,85276,939],{"class":938},[57,85278,85212],{"class":942},[57,85280,939],{"class":938},[57,85282,1081],{"class":67},[57,85284,1449],{"class":938},[57,85286,58660],{"class":942},[57,85288,939],{"class":938},[57,85290,1081],{"class":67},[57,85292,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85294,289],{"class":76},[57,85296,939],{"class":938},[57,85298,84799],{"class":942},[57,85300,939],{"class":938},[57,85302,1769],{"class":67},[57,85304,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85306,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85308,4520],{"class":67},[57,85310,85311,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85327,85329],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85312,85313],{"class":84808},"    file",[57,85315,498],{"class":67},[57,85317,68368],{"class":238},[57,85319,68],{"class":67},[57,85321,939],{"class":938},[57,85323,33026],{"class":942},[57,85325,85326],{"class":32611},"\\n",[57,85328,939],{"class":938},[57,85330,242],{"class":67},[48,85332,85334],{"className":50,"code":85333,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[19,85335,85336,85341,85383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85337,85338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85339,85340],{"class":1772},"# Append to a text file\n",[57,85342,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85344,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85346,84770],{"class":63},[57,85348,68],{"class":67},[57,85350,939],{"class":938},[57,85352,85212],{"class":942},[57,85354,939],{"class":938},[57,85356,1081],{"class":67},[57,85358,1449],{"class":938},[57,85360,373],{"class":942},[57,85362,939],{"class":938},[57,85364,1081],{"class":67},[57,85366,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85368,289],{"class":76},[57,85370,939],{"class":938},[57,85372,84799],{"class":942},[57,85374,939],{"class":938},[57,85376,1769],{"class":67},[57,85378,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85380,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85382,4520],{"class":67},[57,85384,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85398,85400,85402],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85386,85313],{"class":84808},[57,85388,498],{"class":67},[57,85390,68368],{"class":238},[57,85392,68],{"class":67},[57,85394,939],{"class":938},[57,85396,85397],{"class":942},"Another line",[57,85399,85326],{"class":32611},[57,85401,939],{"class":938},[57,85403,242],{"class":67},[15,85405,67520,85406,85408],{},[19,85407,85163],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[43,85410,85412],{"id":85411},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[15,85414,85415,20127,85417,498],{},[19,85416,84748],{},[1854,85418,84873],{},[15,85420,85421],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[27,85423,85424,85429,85434],{},[30,85425,85426],{},[19,85427,85428],{},"file.read()",[30,85430,85431],{},[19,85432,85433],{},"file.write()",[30,85435,85436],{},[19,85437,85438],{},"file.close()",[15,85440,85441],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[15,85443,275],{},[48,85445,85447],{"className":50,"code":85446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[19,85448,85449,85491],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85450,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85452,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85454,84770],{"class":63},[57,85456,68],{"class":67},[57,85458,939],{"class":938},[57,85460,84777],{"class":942},[57,85462,939],{"class":938},[57,85464,1081],{"class":67},[57,85466,1449],{"class":938},[57,85468,58677],{"class":942},[57,85470,939],{"class":938},[57,85472,1081],{"class":67},[57,85474,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85476,289],{"class":76},[57,85478,939],{"class":938},[57,85480,84799],{"class":942},[57,85482,939],{"class":938},[57,85484,1769],{"class":67},[57,85486,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85488,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85490,4520],{"class":67},[57,85492,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85494,6201],{"class":63},[57,85496,68],{"class":67},[57,85498,1315],{"class":990},[57,85500,68],{"class":67},[57,85502,84915],{"class":84808},[57,85504,84],{"class":67},[15,85506,28185],{},[48,85508,85510],{"className":50,"code":85509,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[19,85511,85512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85513,85514,85516,85518,85520,85523,85525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85515,1384],{"class":76},[57,85517,1387],{"class":125},[57,85519,1390],{"class":938},[57,85521,85522],{"class":942},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[57,85524,1395],{"class":938},[57,85526,1398],{"class":76},[15,85528,85529,85530,85532],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[19,85531,84748],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[43,85534,85536],{"id":85535},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[15,85538,85539],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[48,85541,85542],{"className":50,"code":84760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,85543,85544,85586,85600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85545,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85547,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85549,84770],{"class":63},[57,85551,68],{"class":67},[57,85553,939],{"class":938},[57,85555,84777],{"class":942},[57,85557,939],{"class":938},[57,85559,1081],{"class":67},[57,85561,1449],{"class":938},[57,85563,58677],{"class":942},[57,85565,939],{"class":938},[57,85567,1081],{"class":67},[57,85569,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85571,289],{"class":76},[57,85573,939],{"class":938},[57,85575,84799],{"class":942},[57,85577,939],{"class":938},[57,85579,1769],{"class":67},[57,85581,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85583,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85585,4520],{"class":67},[57,85587,85588,85590,85592,85594,85596,85598],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85589,84816],{"class":285},[57,85591,289],{"class":76},[57,85593,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85595,498],{"class":67},[57,85597,84825],{"class":238},[57,85599,6778],{"class":67},[57,85601,85602,85604,85606,85608],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85603,6201],{"class":63},[57,85605,68],{"class":67},[57,85607,84836],{"class":238},[57,85609,242],{"class":67},[15,85611,85612],{},"Why this is recommended:",[27,85614,85615,85620,85626,85629],{},[30,85616,85617,85619],{},[19,85618,84767],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[30,85621,85622,85623,85625],{},"It is safer than calling ",[19,85624,84903],{}," yourself",[30,85627,85628],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[30,85630,85631],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[15,85633,81925,85634,85636],{},[19,85635,84767],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[48,85638,85639],{"className":50,"code":84908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,85640,85641,85679,85693,85703],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85642,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85644,84915],{"class":84808},[57,85646,11422],{"class":76},[57,85648,84770],{"class":63},[57,85650,68],{"class":67},[57,85652,939],{"class":938},[57,85654,84777],{"class":942},[57,85656,939],{"class":938},[57,85658,1081],{"class":67},[57,85660,1449],{"class":938},[57,85662,58677],{"class":942},[57,85664,939],{"class":938},[57,85666,1081],{"class":67},[57,85668,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85670,289],{"class":76},[57,85672,939],{"class":938},[57,85674,84799],{"class":942},[57,85676,939],{"class":938},[57,85678,242],{"class":67},[57,85680,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85682,84954],{"class":285},[57,85684,289],{"class":76},[57,85686,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85688,498],{"class":67},[57,85690,84825],{"class":238},[57,85692,6778],{"class":67},[57,85694,85695,85697,85699,85701],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85696,64],{"class":63},[57,85698,68],{"class":67},[57,85700,84836],{"class":238},[57,85702,242],{"class":67},[57,85704,85705,85707,85709,85711],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,85706,84915],{"class":84808},[57,85708,498],{"class":67},[57,85710,84983],{"class":238},[57,85712,6778],{"class":67},[15,85714,85715],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[43,85717,85719],{"id":85718},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[15,85721,85722,85723,85725],{},"Use mode ",[19,85724,84846],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[616,85727,85729],{"id":85728},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[15,85731,85732,85734],{},[19,85733,84883],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[48,85736,85737],{"className":50,"code":84760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,85738,85739,85781,85795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85740,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85742,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85744,84770],{"class":63},[57,85746,68],{"class":67},[57,85748,939],{"class":938},[57,85750,84777],{"class":942},[57,85752,939],{"class":938},[57,85754,1081],{"class":67},[57,85756,1449],{"class":938},[57,85758,58677],{"class":942},[57,85760,939],{"class":938},[57,85762,1081],{"class":67},[57,85764,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85766,289],{"class":76},[57,85768,939],{"class":938},[57,85770,84799],{"class":942},[57,85772,939],{"class":938},[57,85774,1769],{"class":67},[57,85776,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85778,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85780,4520],{"class":67},[57,85782,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85784,84816],{"class":285},[57,85786,289],{"class":76},[57,85788,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85790,498],{"class":67},[57,85792,84825],{"class":238},[57,85794,6778],{"class":67},[57,85796,85797,85799,85801,85803],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85798,6201],{"class":63},[57,85800,68],{"class":67},[57,85802,84836],{"class":238},[57,85804,242],{"class":67},[616,85806,85808],{"id":85807},"read-one-line","Read one line",[15,85810,85811,85813],{},[19,85812,84888],{}," reads one line at a time.",[48,85815,85817],{"className":50,"code":85816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[19,85818,85819,85861,85877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85820,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85822,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85824,84770],{"class":63},[57,85826,68],{"class":67},[57,85828,939],{"class":938},[57,85830,84777],{"class":942},[57,85832,939],{"class":938},[57,85834,1081],{"class":67},[57,85836,1449],{"class":938},[57,85838,58677],{"class":942},[57,85840,939],{"class":938},[57,85842,1081],{"class":67},[57,85844,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85846,289],{"class":76},[57,85848,939],{"class":938},[57,85850,84799],{"class":942},[57,85852,939],{"class":938},[57,85854,1769],{"class":67},[57,85856,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85858,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85860,4520],{"class":67},[57,85862,85863,85866,85868,85870,85872,85875],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85864,85865],{"class":285},"    first_line ",[57,85867,289],{"class":76},[57,85869,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85871,498],{"class":67},[57,85873,85874],{"class":238},"readline",[57,85876,6778],{"class":67},[57,85878,85879,85881,85883,85886],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85880,6201],{"class":63},[57,85882,68],{"class":67},[57,85884,85885],{"class":238},"first_line",[57,85887,242],{"class":67},[616,85889,85891],{"id":85890},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[15,85893,85894],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[48,85896,85898],{"className":50,"code":85897,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[19,85899,85900,85942,85956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85901,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85903,84767],{"class":1990},[57,85905,84770],{"class":63},[57,85907,68],{"class":67},[57,85909,939],{"class":938},[57,85911,84777],{"class":942},[57,85913,939],{"class":938},[57,85915,1081],{"class":67},[57,85917,1449],{"class":938},[57,85919,58677],{"class":942},[57,85921,939],{"class":938},[57,85923,1081],{"class":67},[57,85925,84792],{"class":7312},[57,85927,289],{"class":76},[57,85929,939],{"class":938},[57,85931,84799],{"class":942},[57,85933,939],{"class":938},[57,85935,1769],{"class":67},[57,85937,45525],{"class":1990},[57,85939,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85941,4520],{"class":67},[57,85943,85944,85947,85950,85952,85954],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,85945,85946],{"class":1990},"    for",[57,85948,85949],{"class":285}," line ",[57,85951,1997],{"class":1990},[57,85953,84809],{"class":84808},[57,85955,4520],{"class":67},[57,85957,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966,85968],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,85959,45505],{"class":63},[57,85961,68],{"class":67},[57,85963,59],{"class":238},[57,85965,498],{"class":67},[57,85967,6769],{"class":238},[57,85969,5323],{"class":67},[15,85971,85972,85973,965,85977,498],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[373,85974,85976],{"href":85975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[373,85978,85980],{"href":85979},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[43,85982,85984],{"id":85983},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[15,85986,154,85987,85989],{},[19,85988,85163],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[48,85991,85993],{"className":50,"code":85992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[19,85994,85995,86038,86059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85996,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85998,84767],{"class":1990},[57,86000,84770],{"class":63},[57,86002,68],{"class":67},[57,86004,939],{"class":938},[57,86006,86007],{"class":942},"output.txt",[57,86009,939],{"class":938},[57,86011,1081],{"class":67},[57,86013,1449],{"class":938},[57,86015,58660],{"class":942},[57,86017,939],{"class":938},[57,86019,1081],{"class":67},[57,86021,84792],{"class":7312},[57,86023,289],{"class":76},[57,86025,939],{"class":938},[57,86027,84799],{"class":942},[57,86029,939],{"class":938},[57,86031,1769],{"class":67},[57,86033,45525],{"class":1990},[57,86035,84809],{"class":84808},[57,86037,4520],{"class":67},[57,86039,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86053,86055,86057],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86041,85313],{"class":84808},[57,86043,498],{"class":67},[57,86045,68368],{"class":238},[57,86047,68],{"class":67},[57,86049,939],{"class":938},[57,86051,86052],{"class":942},"First line",[57,86054,85326],{"class":32611},[57,86056,939],{"class":938},[57,86058,242],{"class":67},[57,86060,86061,86063,86065,86067,86069,86071,86074,86076,86078],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,86062,85313],{"class":84808},[57,86064,498],{"class":67},[57,86066,68368],{"class":238},[57,86068,68],{"class":67},[57,86070,939],{"class":938},[57,86072,86073],{"class":942},"Second line",[57,86075,85326],{"class":32611},[57,86077,939],{"class":938},[57,86079,242],{"class":67},[15,86081,154,86082,86084],{},[19,86083,16246],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[48,86086,86088],{"className":50,"code":86087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[19,86089,86090,86132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86091,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86093,84767],{"class":1990},[57,86095,84770],{"class":63},[57,86097,68],{"class":67},[57,86099,939],{"class":938},[57,86101,86007],{"class":942},[57,86103,939],{"class":938},[57,86105,1081],{"class":67},[57,86107,1449],{"class":938},[57,86109,373],{"class":942},[57,86111,939],{"class":938},[57,86113,1081],{"class":67},[57,86115,84792],{"class":7312},[57,86117,289],{"class":76},[57,86119,939],{"class":938},[57,86121,84799],{"class":942},[57,86123,939],{"class":938},[57,86125,1769],{"class":67},[57,86127,45525],{"class":1990},[57,86129,84809],{"class":84808},[57,86131,4520],{"class":67},[57,86133,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86147,86149,86151],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86135,85313],{"class":84808},[57,86137,498],{"class":67},[57,86139,68368],{"class":238},[57,86141,68],{"class":67},[57,86143,939],{"class":938},[57,86145,86146],{"class":942},"Third line",[57,86148,85326],{"class":32611},[57,86150,939],{"class":938},[57,86152,242],{"class":67},[15,86154,86155],{},"Important detail:",[27,86157,86158,86163,86170],{},[30,86159,86160,86162],{},[19,86161,84898],{}," writes a string",[30,86164,86165,12200,86167,86169],{},[19,86166,84898],{},[1854,86168,2750],{}," add a newline for you",[30,86171,86172,86173,85625],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[19,86174,85326],{},[15,86176,86177,86178,965,86182,498],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[373,86179,86181],{"href":86180},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[373,86183,86185],{"href":86184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[43,86187,86189],{"id":86188},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[15,86191,86192],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[616,86194,86196],{"id":86195},"encodingutf-8",[19,86197,85143],{},[15,86199,86200],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[48,86202,86204],{"className":50,"code":86203,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[19,86205,86206,86249],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86207,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86219,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86209,84767],{"class":1990},[57,86211,84770],{"class":63},[57,86213,68],{"class":67},[57,86215,939],{"class":938},[57,86217,86218],{"class":942},"message.txt",[57,86220,939],{"class":938},[57,86222,1081],{"class":67},[57,86224,1449],{"class":938},[57,86226,58677],{"class":942},[57,86228,939],{"class":938},[57,86230,1081],{"class":67},[57,86232,84792],{"class":7312},[57,86234,289],{"class":76},[57,86236,939],{"class":938},[57,86238,84799],{"class":942},[57,86240,939],{"class":938},[57,86242,1769],{"class":67},[57,86244,45525],{"class":1990},[57,86246,84809],{"class":84808},[57,86248,4520],{"class":67},[57,86250,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259,86261],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86252,6201],{"class":63},[57,86254,68],{"class":67},[57,86256,84915],{"class":84808},[57,86258,498],{"class":67},[57,86260,84825],{"class":238},[57,86262,5323],{"class":67},[15,86264,86265],{},"Why it matters:",[27,86267,86268,86271,86274],{},[30,86269,86270],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[30,86272,86273],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[30,86275,86276],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[616,86278,86280],{"id":86279},"newline",[19,86281,86279],{},[15,86283,86284],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[15,86286,86287],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[616,86289,86291],{"id":86290},"buffering",[19,86292,86290],{},[15,86294,86295],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[15,86297,86298],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[43,86300,86302],{"id":86301},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[15,86304,86305],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[616,86307,86309],{"id":86308},"filenotfounderror",[19,86310,86311],{},"FileNotFoundError",[15,86313,86314],{},"This happens when:",[27,86316,86317,86320,86323],{},[30,86318,86319],{},"the file does not exist",[30,86321,86322],{},"the path is wrong",[30,86324,86325],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[15,86327,275],{},[48,86329,86331],{"className":50,"code":86330,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[19,86332,86333,86376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86334,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366,86368,86370,86372,86374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86336,84767],{"class":1990},[57,86338,84770],{"class":63},[57,86340,68],{"class":67},[57,86342,939],{"class":938},[57,86344,86345],{"class":942},"missing.txt",[57,86347,939],{"class":938},[57,86349,1081],{"class":67},[57,86351,1449],{"class":938},[57,86353,58677],{"class":942},[57,86355,939],{"class":938},[57,86357,1081],{"class":67},[57,86359,84792],{"class":7312},[57,86361,289],{"class":76},[57,86363,939],{"class":938},[57,86365,84799],{"class":942},[57,86367,939],{"class":938},[57,86369,1769],{"class":67},[57,86371,45525],{"class":1990},[57,86373,84809],{"class":84808},[57,86375,4520],{"class":67},[57,86377,86378,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86379,6201],{"class":63},[57,86381,68],{"class":67},[57,86383,84915],{"class":84808},[57,86385,498],{"class":67},[57,86387,84825],{"class":238},[57,86389,5323],{"class":67},[15,86391,86392,86393,2511,86401,498],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[373,86394,86396,86397,86400],{"href":86395},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[57,86398,86399],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[373,86402,86404],{"href":86403},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[616,86406,86408],{"id":86407},"permissionerror",[19,86409,86410],{},"PermissionError",[15,86412,86413],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[15,86415,86416],{},"Example causes:",[27,86418,86419,86422,86425],{},[30,86420,86421],{},"the file is protected",[30,86423,86424],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[30,86426,86427],{},"another program is blocking access",[15,86429,86430,86431],{},"Related page: ",[373,86432,86434,86435,86438],{"href":86433},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[57,86436,86437],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[616,86440,86442],{"id":86441},"isadirectoryerror",[19,86443,86444],{},"IsADirectoryError",[15,86446,86447],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[15,86449,275],{},[48,86451,86453],{"className":50,"code":86452,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[19,86454,86455,86498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86456,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86458,84767],{"class":1990},[57,86460,84770],{"class":63},[57,86462,68],{"class":67},[57,86464,939],{"class":938},[57,86466,86467],{"class":942},"my_folder",[57,86469,939],{"class":938},[57,86471,1081],{"class":67},[57,86473,1449],{"class":938},[57,86475,58677],{"class":942},[57,86477,939],{"class":938},[57,86479,1081],{"class":67},[57,86481,84792],{"class":7312},[57,86483,289],{"class":76},[57,86485,939],{"class":938},[57,86487,84799],{"class":942},[57,86489,939],{"class":938},[57,86491,1769],{"class":67},[57,86493,45525],{"class":1990},[57,86495,84809],{"class":84808},[57,86497,4520],{"class":67},[57,86499,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86501,6201],{"class":63},[57,86503,68],{"class":67},[57,86505,84915],{"class":84808},[57,86507,498],{"class":67},[57,86509,84825],{"class":238},[57,86511,5323],{"class":67},[15,86513,86430,86514],{},[373,86515,86517,86518,86521],{"href":86516},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[57,86519,86520],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[616,86523,86525],{"id":86524},"unicodedecodeerror",[19,86526,86527],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[15,86529,86530,86531,498],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[19,86532,84748],{},[15,86534,86430,86535],{},[373,86536,86538],{"href":86537},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[43,86540,86542],{"id":86541},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[15,86544,86545,86546,86548],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[19,86547,84748],{}," function.",[15,86550,86551],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[27,86553,86554,86557,86560,86566],{},[30,86555,86556],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[30,86558,86559],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[30,86561,86562,86563,86565],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[19,86564,84748],{}," itself",[30,86567,86568,86569],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[373,86570,86572],{"href":86571},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[43,86574,913],{"id":912},[15,86576,86577,86578,972],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[19,86579,84748],{},[27,86581,86582,86587,86593,86598,86601,86604],{},[30,86583,6551,86584,86586],{},[19,86585,84846],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[30,86588,86589,86590,86592],{},"Forgetting to use ",[19,86591,85047],{}," for text files",[30,86594,6551,86595,86597],{},[19,86596,85163],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[30,86599,86600],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[30,86602,86603],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[30,86605,86606],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[15,86608,86609],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[48,86611,86613],{"className":50,"code":86612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[19,86614,86615,86622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86616,86617,86619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86618,33250],{"class":1990},[57,86620,86621],{"class":285}," os\n",[57,86623,86624,86626,86628,86630,86632,86635],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86625,64],{"class":63},[57,86627,68],{"class":67},[57,86629,40791],{"class":238},[57,86631,498],{"class":67},[57,86633,86634],{"class":238},"getcwd",[57,86636,5323],{"class":67},[15,86638,86639],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[48,86641,86643],{"className":50,"code":86642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[19,86644,86645,86651],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86646,86647,86649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86648,33250],{"class":1990},[57,86650,86621],{"class":285},[57,86652,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86664,86666,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86654,64],{"class":63},[57,86656,68],{"class":67},[57,86658,40791],{"class":238},[57,86660,498],{"class":67},[57,86662,86663],{"class":22903},"path",[57,86665,498],{"class":67},[57,86667,86668],{"class":238},"exists",[57,86670,68],{"class":67},[57,86672,939],{"class":938},[57,86674,84777],{"class":942},[57,86676,939],{"class":938},[57,86678,84],{"class":67},[15,86680,86681],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[48,86683,86685],{"className":50,"code":86684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[19,86686,86687,86693],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86688,86689,86691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86690,33250],{"class":1990},[57,86692,86621],{"class":285},[57,86694,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86696,64],{"class":63},[57,86698,68],{"class":67},[57,86700,40791],{"class":238},[57,86702,498],{"class":67},[57,86704,86663],{"class":22903},[57,86706,498],{"class":67},[57,86708,86709],{"class":238},"isfile",[57,86711,68],{"class":67},[57,86713,939],{"class":938},[57,86715,84777],{"class":942},[57,86717,939],{"class":938},[57,86719,84],{"class":67},[15,86721,86722],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[48,86724,86726],{"className":50,"code":86725,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[19,86727,86728,86770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86729,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86731,84767],{"class":1990},[57,86733,84770],{"class":63},[57,86735,68],{"class":67},[57,86737,939],{"class":938},[57,86739,84777],{"class":942},[57,86741,939],{"class":938},[57,86743,1081],{"class":67},[57,86745,1449],{"class":938},[57,86747,58677],{"class":942},[57,86749,939],{"class":938},[57,86751,1081],{"class":67},[57,86753,84792],{"class":7312},[57,86755,289],{"class":76},[57,86757,939],{"class":938},[57,86759,84799],{"class":942},[57,86761,939],{"class":938},[57,86763,1769],{"class":67},[57,86765,45525],{"class":1990},[57,86767,84809],{"class":84808},[57,86769,4520],{"class":67},[57,86771,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86773,6201],{"class":63},[57,86775,68],{"class":67},[57,86777,84915],{"class":84808},[57,86779,498],{"class":67},[57,86781,84825],{"class":238},[57,86783,5323],{"class":67},[15,86785,86786],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[43,86788,1554],{"id":1553},[616,86790,86792],{"id":86791},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[15,86794,86795],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[616,86797,86799],{"id":86798},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[15,86801,86802,86803,86805],{},"Use it inside a ",[19,86804,84767],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[616,86807,3302,86809,2511,86811,86813],{"id":86808},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[19,86810,85163],{},[19,86812,16246],{}," mode?",[15,86815,86816,86818,86819,86821],{},[19,86817,85163],{}," overwrites the file. ",[19,86820,16246],{}," adds new content to the end.",[616,86823,86825],{"id":86824},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[15,86827,86828],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[616,86830,86832],{"id":86831},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[15,86834,86835,86836,86838],{},"It is a good habit. ",[19,86837,85143],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[43,86840,1602],{"id":1601},[27,86842,86843,86847,86851,86855,86859,86863,86867,86873],{},[30,86844,86845],{},[373,86846,85976],{"href":85975},[30,86848,86849],{},[373,86850,86181],{"href":86180},[30,86852,86853],{},[373,86854,86185],{"href":86184},[30,86856,86857],{},[373,86858,85980],{"href":85979},[30,86860,86861],{},[373,86862,86572],{"href":86571},[30,86864,86865],{},[373,86866,86404],{"href":86403},[30,86868,86869],{},[373,86870,86396,86871,86400],{"href":86395},[57,86872,86399],{},[30,86874,86875],{},[373,86876,86434,86877,86438],{"href":86433},[57,86878,86437],{},[1634,86880,86881],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":86883},[86884,86885,86886,86887,86888,86889,86890,86895,86896,86901,86907,86908,86909,86917],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":84850,"depth":87,"text":84851},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":85147,"depth":87,"text":85148},{"id":85411,"depth":87,"text":85412},{"id":85535,"depth":87,"text":85536},{"id":85718,"depth":87,"text":85719,"children":86891},[86892,86893,86894],{"id":85728,"depth":103,"text":85729},{"id":85807,"depth":103,"text":85808},{"id":85890,"depth":103,"text":85891},{"id":85983,"depth":87,"text":85984},{"id":86188,"depth":87,"text":86189,"children":86897},[86898,86899,86900],{"id":86195,"depth":103,"text":85143},{"id":86279,"depth":103,"text":86279},{"id":86290,"depth":103,"text":86290},{"id":86301,"depth":87,"text":86302,"children":86902},[86903,86904,86905,86906],{"id":86308,"depth":103,"text":86311},{"id":86407,"depth":103,"text":86410},{"id":86441,"depth":103,"text":86444},{"id":86524,"depth":103,"text":86527},{"id":86541,"depth":87,"text":86542},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":86910},[86911,86912,86913,86915,86916],{"id":86791,"depth":103,"text":86792},{"id":86798,"depth":103,"text":86799},{"id":86808,"depth":103,"text":86914},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":86824,"depth":103,"text":86825},{"id":86831,"depth":103,"text":86832},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":84738,"description":86918},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":86925,"title":86926,"body":86927,"description":88922,"extension":1666,"meta":88923,"navigation":317,"path":88924,"seo":88925,"stem":88926,"__hash__":88927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":86928,"toc":88869},[86929,86934,86939,86945,86947,87015,87017,87036,87041,87046,87051,87054,87066,87068,87111,87113,87131,87142,87144,87146,87171,87173,87184,87186,87246,87248,87274,87277,87281,87286,87290,87293,87327,87331,87334,87359,87363,87386,87390,87423,87428,87432,87437,87440,87508,87510,87534,87539,87542,87573,87575,87607,87624,87628,87633,87657,87664,87669,87674,87677,87681,87716,87718,87727,87731,87822,87824,87855,87860,87867,87872,87881,87884,87918,87920,87934,87938,87979,87981,87990,87994,88042,88044,88058,88063,88074,88081,88087,88089,88124,88126,88140,88143,88165,88171,88200,88211,88217,88223,88237,88239,88318,88320,88370,88377,88379,88384,88388,88391,88406,88411,88413,88432,88438,88441,88456,88458,88476,88482,88487,88517,88520,88543,88546,88573,88580,88586,88594,88617,88622,88630,88632,88652,88656,88662,88712,88715,88737,88739,88745,88753,88759,88765,88773,88778,88782,88785,88808,88813,88820,88832,88834,88866],[11,86930,1680,86932,1684],{"id":86931},"python-print-function-explained",[19,86933,44619],{},[15,86935,30474,86936,86938],{},[19,86937,44619],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[15,86940,86941,86942,86944],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[19,86943,44619],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[43,86946,46],{"id":45},[48,86948,86950],{"className":50,"code":86949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[19,86951,86952,86964,86973,86977,86987,86997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86953,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86955,6008],{"class":285},[57,86957,289],{"class":76},[57,86959,1449],{"class":938},[57,86961,6053],{"class":942},[57,86963,1455],{"class":938},[57,86965,86966,86968,86970],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,86967,19780],{"class":285},[57,86969,289],{"class":76},[57,86971,86972],{"class":80}," 12\n",[57,86974,86975],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,86976,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,86978,86979,86981,86983,86985],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,86980,64],{"class":63},[57,86982,68],{"class":67},[57,86984,5798],{"class":238},[57,86986,242],{"class":67},[57,86988,86989,86991,86993,86995],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,86990,64],{"class":63},[57,86992,68],{"class":67},[57,86994,7436],{"class":238},[57,86996,242],{"class":67},[57,86998,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,87000,64],{"class":63},[57,87002,68],{"class":67},[57,87004,939],{"class":938},[57,87006,33026],{"class":942},[57,87008,939],{"class":938},[57,87010,1081],{"class":67},[57,87012,34152],{"class":238},[57,87014,242],{"class":67},[15,87016,131],{},[48,87018,87020],{"className":50,"code":87019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[19,87021,87022,87027,87031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87023,87024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87025,87026],{"class":285},"Mia\n",[57,87028,87029],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87030,295],{"class":80},[57,87032,87033],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,87034,87035],{"class":285},"Hello Mia\n",[15,87037,154,87038,87040],{},[19,87039,44619],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[43,87042,1787,87044,1790],{"id":87043},"what-print-does",[19,87045,44619],{},[15,87047,87048,87050],{},[19,87049,44619],{}," sends output to the screen.",[15,87052,87053],{},"You can use it to display:",[27,87055,87056,87058,87060,87063],{},[30,87057,32867],{},[30,87059,1756],{},[30,87061,87062],{},"variables",[30,87064,87065],{},"expressions",[15,87067,275],{},[48,87069,87071],{"className":50,"code":87070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[19,87072,87073,87087,87097],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87074,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87076,64],{"class":63},[57,87078,68],{"class":67},[57,87080,939],{"class":938},[57,87082,33026],{"class":942},[57,87084,939],{"class":938},[57,87086,242],{"class":67},[57,87088,87089,87091,87093,87095],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87090,64],{"class":63},[57,87092,68],{"class":67},[57,87094,199],{"class":80},[57,87096,242],{"class":67},[57,87098,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,87100,64],{"class":63},[57,87102,68],{"class":67},[57,87104,116],{"class":80},[57,87106,533],{"class":76},[57,87108,530],{"class":80},[57,87110,242],{"class":67},[15,87112,131],{},[48,87114,87116],{"className":50,"code":87115,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[19,87117,87118,87123,87127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87119,87120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87121,87122],{"class":285},"Hello\n",[57,87124,87125],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87126,1036],{"class":80},[57,87128,87129],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,87130,1036],{"class":80},[15,87132,87133,87134,87136,87137,87141],{},"A very important detail is that ",[19,87135,44619],{}," ",[1854,87138,1802,87139],{},[19,87140,1890],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[43,87143,221],{"id":220},[15,87145,28881],{},[48,87147,87149],{"className":50,"code":87148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[19,87150,87151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87152,87153,87155,87157,87160,87162,87165,87167,87169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87154,64],{"class":63},[57,87156,68],{"class":67},[57,87158,87159],{"class":238},"object1",[57,87161,1081],{"class":67},[57,87163,87164],{"class":238}," object2",[57,87166,1081],{"class":67},[57,87168,32612],{"class":63},[57,87170,242],{"class":67},[15,87172,78376],{},[27,87174,87175,87178,87181],{},[30,87176,87177],{},"one value",[30,87179,87180],{},"many values",[30,87182,87183],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[15,87185,275],{},[48,87187,87189],{"className":50,"code":87188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[19,87190,87191,87205,87224],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87192,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87194,64],{"class":63},[57,87196,68],{"class":67},[57,87198,939],{"class":938},[57,87200,55939],{"class":942},[57,87202,939],{"class":938},[57,87204,242],{"class":67},[57,87206,87207,87209,87211,87213,87216,87218,87220,87222],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87208,64],{"class":63},[57,87210,68],{"class":67},[57,87212,939],{"class":938},[57,87214,87215],{"class":942},"Score:",[57,87217,939],{"class":938},[57,87219,1081],{"class":67},[57,87221,4130],{"class":80},[57,87223,242],{"class":67},[57,87225,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,87227,64],{"class":63},[57,87229,68],{"class":67},[57,87231,939],{"class":938},[57,87233,43730],{"class":942},[57,87235,939],{"class":938},[57,87237,1081],{"class":67},[57,87239,536],{"class":80},[57,87241,533],{"class":76},[57,87243,35806],{"class":80},[57,87245,242],{"class":67},[15,87247,131],{},[48,87249,87251],{"className":50,"code":87250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[19,87252,87253,87257,87266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87254,87255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87256,83529],{"class":285},[57,87258,87259,87262,87264],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87260,87261],{"class":285},"Score",[57,87263,972],{"class":67},[57,87265,669],{"class":80},[57,87267,87268,87270,87272],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,87269,43770],{"class":285},[57,87271,972],{"class":67},[57,87273,669],{"class":80},[15,87275,87276],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[43,87278,87280],{"id":87279},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[15,87282,87283,87284,498],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[19,87285,44619],{},[616,87287,87289],{"id":87288},"print-text","Print text",[15,87291,87292],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[48,87294,87296],{"className":50,"code":87295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[19,87297,87298,87312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87299,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87301,64],{"class":63},[57,87303,68],{"class":67},[57,87305,939],{"class":938},[57,87307,33026],{"class":942},[57,87309,939],{"class":938},[57,87311,242],{"class":67},[57,87313,87314,87316,87318,87320,87323,87325],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87315,64],{"class":63},[57,87317,68],{"class":67},[57,87319,939],{"class":938},[57,87321,87322],{"class":942},"Python is fun",[57,87324,939],{"class":938},[57,87326,242],{"class":67},[616,87328,87330],{"id":87329},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[15,87332,87333],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[48,87335,87337],{"className":50,"code":87336,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[19,87338,87339,87349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87340,87341,87343,87345,87347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87342,64],{"class":63},[57,87344,68],{"class":67},[57,87346,199],{"class":80},[57,87348,242],{"class":67},[57,87350,87351,87353,87355,87357],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87352,64],{"class":63},[57,87354,68],{"class":67},[57,87356,38307],{"class":80},[57,87358,242],{"class":67},[616,87360,87362],{"id":87361},"print-variables","Print variables",[48,87364,87366],{"className":50,"code":87365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[19,87367,87368,87376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87369,87370,87372,87374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87371,3217],{"class":285},[57,87373,289],{"class":76},[57,87375,12277],{"class":80},[57,87377,87378,87380,87382,87384],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87379,64],{"class":63},[57,87381,68],{"class":67},[57,87383,83693],{"class":238},[57,87385,242],{"class":67},[616,87387,87389],{"id":87388},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[48,87391,87393],{"className":50,"code":87392,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[19,87394,87395,87409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87396,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87398,64],{"class":63},[57,87400,68],{"class":67},[57,87402,116],{"class":80},[57,87404,533],{"class":76},[57,87406,530],{"class":80},[57,87408,242],{"class":67},[57,87410,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87412,64],{"class":63},[57,87414,68],{"class":67},[57,87416,407],{"class":80},[57,87418,81005],{"class":76},[57,87420,536],{"class":80},[57,87422,242],{"class":67},[15,87424,87425,87426,498],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[373,87427,49145],{"href":49144},[43,87429,87431],{"id":87430},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[15,87433,87434,87436],{},[19,87435,44619],{}," can take more than one argument.",[15,87438,87439],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[48,87441,87443],{"className":50,"code":87442,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[19,87444,87445,87458,87466,87470,87489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87446,87447,87449,87451,87453,87456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87448,6008],{"class":285},[57,87450,289],{"class":76},[57,87452,1449],{"class":938},[57,87454,87455],{"class":942},"Ava",[57,87457,1455],{"class":938},[57,87459,87460,87462,87464],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87461,19780],{"class":285},[57,87463,289],{"class":76},[57,87465,669],{"class":80},[57,87467,87468],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,87469,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,87471,87472,87474,87476,87478,87481,87483,87485,87487],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,87473,64],{"class":63},[57,87475,68],{"class":67},[57,87477,939],{"class":938},[57,87479,87480],{"class":942},"Name:",[57,87482,939],{"class":938},[57,87484,1081],{"class":67},[57,87486,34152],{"class":238},[57,87488,242],{"class":67},[57,87490,87491,87493,87495,87497,87500,87502,87504,87506],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,87492,64],{"class":63},[57,87494,68],{"class":67},[57,87496,939],{"class":938},[57,87498,87499],{"class":942},"Age:",[57,87501,939],{"class":938},[57,87503,1081],{"class":67},[57,87505,7325],{"class":238},[57,87507,242],{"class":67},[15,87509,131],{},[48,87511,87513],{"className":50,"code":87512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[19,87514,87515,87525],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87516,87517,87520,87522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87518,87519],{"class":285},"Name",[57,87521,972],{"class":67},[57,87523,87524],{"class":285}," Ava\n",[57,87526,87527,87530,87532],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87528,87529],{"class":285},"Age",[57,87531,972],{"class":67},[57,87533,669],{"class":80},[15,87535,87536,87537,498],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[19,87538,119],{},[15,87540,87541],{},"For example, this works:",[48,87543,87545],{"className":50,"code":87544,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[19,87546,87547,87555],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87548,87549,87551,87553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87550,19780],{"class":285},[57,87552,289],{"class":76},[57,87554,669],{"class":80},[57,87556,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87558,64],{"class":63},[57,87560,68],{"class":67},[57,87562,939],{"class":938},[57,87564,87499],{"class":942},[57,87566,939],{"class":938},[57,87568,1081],{"class":67},[57,87570,7325],{"class":238},[57,87572,242],{"class":67},[15,87574,35088],{},[48,87576,87578],{"className":50,"code":87577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[19,87579,87580,87588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87581,87582,87584,87586],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87583,19780],{"class":285},[57,87585,289],{"class":76},[57,87587,669],{"class":80},[57,87589,87590,87592,87594,87596,87599,87601,87603,87605],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87591,64],{"class":63},[57,87593,68],{"class":67},[57,87595,939],{"class":938},[57,87597,87598],{"class":942},"Age: ",[57,87600,939],{"class":938},[57,87602,533],{"class":76},[57,87604,7325],{"class":238},[57,87606,242],{"class":67},[15,87608,87609,87610,87613,87614,87616,87617,87619,87620,498],{},"That fails because ",[19,87611,87612],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[19,87615,7436],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[19,87618,119],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[373,87621,87622],{"href":40340},[19,87623,45851],{},[43,87625,87627],{"id":87626},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[15,87629,87630,87632],{},[19,87631,44619],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[27,87634,87635,87641,87646,87651],{},[30,87636,87637,87640],{},[19,87638,87639],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[30,87642,87643,87645],{},[19,87644,50830],{}," controls what is added after the output",[30,87647,87648,87650],{},[19,87649,84915],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[30,87652,87653,87656],{},[19,87654,87655],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[15,87658,87659,87660,2511,87662,498],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[19,87661,87639],{},[19,87663,50830],{},[43,87665,87667,34777],{"id":87666},"sep-argument",[19,87668,87639],{},[15,87670,17,87671,87673],{},[19,87672,87639],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[15,87675,87676],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[616,87678,87680],{"id":87679},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[48,87682,87684],{"className":50,"code":87683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[19,87685,87686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87687,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87689,64],{"class":63},[57,87691,68],{"class":67},[57,87693,939],{"class":938},[57,87695,11238],{"class":942},[57,87697,939],{"class":938},[57,87699,1081],{"class":67},[57,87701,1449],{"class":938},[57,87703,15605],{"class":942},[57,87705,939],{"class":938},[57,87707,1081],{"class":67},[57,87709,1449],{"class":938},[57,87711,11255],{"class":942},[57,87713,939],{"class":938},[57,87715,242],{"class":67},[15,87717,131],{},[48,87719,87721],{"className":50,"code":87720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red green blue\n",[19,87722,87723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87724,87725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87726,87720],{"class":285},[616,87728,87730],{"id":87729},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[48,87732,87734],{"className":50,"code":87733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[19,87735,87736,87779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87737,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87739,64],{"class":63},[57,87741,68],{"class":67},[57,87743,939],{"class":938},[57,87745,11238],{"class":942},[57,87747,939],{"class":938},[57,87749,1081],{"class":67},[57,87751,1449],{"class":938},[57,87753,15605],{"class":942},[57,87755,939],{"class":938},[57,87757,1081],{"class":67},[57,87759,1449],{"class":938},[57,87761,11255],{"class":942},[57,87763,939],{"class":938},[57,87765,1081],{"class":67},[57,87767,87768],{"class":7312}," sep",[57,87770,289],{"class":76},[57,87772,939],{"class":938},[57,87774,1081],{"class":942},[57,87776,939],{"class":938},[57,87778,242],{"class":67},[57,87780,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87818,87820],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87782,64],{"class":63},[57,87784,68],{"class":67},[57,87786,939],{"class":938},[57,87788,11238],{"class":942},[57,87790,939],{"class":938},[57,87792,1081],{"class":67},[57,87794,1449],{"class":938},[57,87796,15605],{"class":942},[57,87798,939],{"class":938},[57,87800,1081],{"class":67},[57,87802,1449],{"class":938},[57,87804,11255],{"class":942},[57,87806,939],{"class":938},[57,87808,1081],{"class":67},[57,87810,87768],{"class":7312},[57,87812,289],{"class":76},[57,87814,939],{"class":938},[57,87816,87817],{"class":942}," - ",[57,87819,939],{"class":938},[57,87821,242],{"class":67},[15,87823,131],{},[48,87825,87827],{"className":50,"code":87826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[19,87828,87829,87841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87830,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87832,11238],{"class":285},[57,87834,1081],{"class":67},[57,87836,15605],{"class":285},[57,87838,1081],{"class":67},[57,87840,68154],{"class":285},[57,87842,87843,87846,87848,87851,87853],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87844,87845],{"class":285},"red ",[57,87847,77],{"class":76},[57,87849,87850],{"class":285}," green ",[57,87852,77],{"class":76},[57,87854,34041],{"class":285},[15,87856,87857,87859],{},[19,87858,87639],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[15,87861,87862,87863,498],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[373,87864,87866],{"href":87865},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[43,87868,87870,34777],{"id":87869},"end-argument",[19,87871,50830],{},[15,87873,87874,87875,87877,87878,87880],{},"By default, ",[19,87876,44619],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[19,87879,44619],{}," starts on a new line.",[616,87882,87680],{"id":87883},"default-behavior-1",[48,87885,87887],{"className":50,"code":87886,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[19,87888,87889,87903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87890,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87892,64],{"class":63},[57,87894,68],{"class":67},[57,87896,939],{"class":938},[57,87898,33026],{"class":942},[57,87900,939],{"class":938},[57,87902,242],{"class":67},[57,87904,87905,87907,87909,87911,87914,87916],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87906,64],{"class":63},[57,87908,68],{"class":67},[57,87910,939],{"class":938},[57,87912,87913],{"class":942},"World",[57,87915,939],{"class":938},[57,87917,242],{"class":67},[15,87919,131],{},[48,87921,87923],{"className":50,"code":87922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\nWorld\n",[19,87924,87925,87929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87926,87927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87928,87122],{"class":285},[57,87930,87931],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87932,87933],{"class":285},"World\n",[616,87935,87937],{"id":87936},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[48,87939,87941],{"className":50,"code":87940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[19,87942,87943,87965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87944,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87946,64],{"class":63},[57,87948,68],{"class":67},[57,87950,939],{"class":938},[57,87952,33026],{"class":942},[57,87954,939],{"class":938},[57,87956,1081],{"class":67},[57,87958,63213],{"class":7312},[57,87960,289],{"class":76},[57,87962,4398],{"class":938},[57,87964,242],{"class":67},[57,87966,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,87968,64],{"class":63},[57,87970,68],{"class":67},[57,87972,939],{"class":938},[57,87974,87913],{"class":942},[57,87976,939],{"class":938},[57,87978,242],{"class":67},[15,87980,131],{},[48,87982,87984],{"className":50,"code":87983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloWorld\n",[19,87985,87986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87987,87988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87989,87983],{"class":285},[616,87991,87993],{"id":87992},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[48,87995,87997],{"className":50,"code":87996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[19,87998,87999,88028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88000,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88022,88024,88026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88002,64],{"class":63},[57,88004,68],{"class":67},[57,88006,939],{"class":938},[57,88008,33026],{"class":942},[57,88010,939],{"class":938},[57,88012,1081],{"class":67},[57,88014,63213],{"class":7312},[57,88016,289],{"class":76},[57,88018,939],{"class":938},[57,88020,88021],{"class":942},"!",[57,88023,85326],{"class":32611},[57,88025,939],{"class":938},[57,88027,242],{"class":67},[57,88029,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88031,64],{"class":63},[57,88033,68],{"class":67},[57,88035,939],{"class":938},[57,88037,87913],{"class":942},[57,88039,939],{"class":938},[57,88041,242],{"class":67},[15,88043,131],{},[48,88045,88047],{"className":50,"code":88046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[19,88048,88049,88054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88050,88051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88052,88053],{"class":285},"Hello!\n",[57,88055,88056],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88057,87933],{"class":285},[15,88059,17,88060,88062],{},[19,88061,50830],{}," argument is useful for:",[27,88064,88065,88068,88071],{},[30,88066,88067],{},"progress messages",[30,88069,88070],{},"inline output",[30,88072,88073],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[43,88075,88077,474,88079],{"id":88076},"print-returns-none",[19,88078,44619],{},[19,88080,1890],{},[15,88082,88083,88084,88086],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[19,88085,44619],{}," to return the text it shows.",[15,88088,275],{},[48,88090,88092],{"className":50,"code":88091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[19,88093,88094,88114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88095,88096,88098,88100,88103,88105,88107,88110,88112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88097,300],{"class":285},[57,88099,289],{"class":76},[57,88101,88102],{"class":63}," print",[57,88104,68],{"class":67},[57,88106,939],{"class":938},[57,88108,88109],{"class":942},"Hi",[57,88111,939],{"class":938},[57,88113,242],{"class":67},[57,88115,88116,88118,88120,88122],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88117,64],{"class":63},[57,88119,68],{"class":67},[57,88121,339],{"class":238},[57,88123,242],{"class":67},[15,88125,131],{},[48,88127,88129],{"className":50,"code":88128,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi\nNone\n",[19,88130,88131,88136],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88132,88133],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88134,88135],{"class":285},"Hi\n",[57,88137,88138],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88139,9951],{"class":1965},[15,88141,88142],{},"Why does this happen?",[27,88144,88145,88153,88158],{},[30,88146,88147,88150,88151],{},[19,88148,88149],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[19,88152,88109],{},[30,88154,88155,88156],{},"but the function itself returns ",[19,88157,1890],{},[30,88159,88160,88161,10063,88163],{},"so ",[19,88162,339],{},[19,88164,1890],{},[15,88166,88167,88168,88170],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[19,88169,44619],{}," call.",[48,88172,88174],{"className":50,"code":88173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[19,88175,88176,88189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88177,88178,88181,88183,88185,88187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88179,88180],{"class":285},"message ",[57,88182,289],{"class":76},[57,88184,1449],{"class":938},[57,88186,88109],{"class":942},[57,88188,1455],{"class":938},[57,88190,88191,88193,88195,88198],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88192,64],{"class":63},[57,88194,68],{"class":67},[57,88196,88197],{"class":238},"message",[57,88199,242],{"class":67},[15,88201,88202,88203,88205,88206,88210],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[19,88204,44619],{}," with functions like ",[373,88207,88208],{"href":6352},[19,88209,1047],{},", which do return a value.",[43,88212,88214,88215],{"id":88213},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[19,88216,44619],{},[15,88218,88219,88220,88222],{},"Beginners use ",[19,88221,44619],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[27,88224,88225,88228,88231,88234],{},[30,88226,88227],{},"to display results to the user",[30,88229,88230],{},"to show messages in a script",[30,88232,88233],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[30,88235,88236],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[15,88238,275],{},[48,88240,88242],{"className":50,"code":88241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[19,88243,88244,88252,88256,88276,88287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88245,88246,88248,88250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88247,39347],{"class":285},[57,88249,289],{"class":76},[57,88251,36676],{"class":80},[57,88253,88254],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88255,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,88257,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,88259,4083],{"class":1990},[57,88261,4513],{"class":285},[57,88263,1997],{"class":1990},[57,88265,52240],{"class":63},[57,88267,68],{"class":67},[57,88269,1078],{"class":80},[57,88271,1081],{"class":67},[57,88273,536],{"class":80},[57,88275,6475],{"class":67},[57,88277,88278,88281,88284],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,88279,88280],{"class":285},"    total ",[57,88282,88283],{"class":76},"+=",[57,88285,88286],{"class":285}," number\n",[57,88288,88289,88291,88293,88295,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,88290,6201],{"class":63},[57,88292,68],{"class":67},[57,88294,939],{"class":938},[57,88296,88297],{"class":942},"Current number:",[57,88299,939],{"class":938},[57,88301,1081],{"class":67},[57,88303,264],{"class":238},[57,88305,1081],{"class":67},[57,88307,1449],{"class":938},[57,88309,43730],{"class":942},[57,88311,939],{"class":938},[57,88313,1081],{"class":67},[57,88315,43737],{"class":238},[57,88317,242],{"class":67},[15,88319,131],{},[48,88321,88323],{"className":50,"code":88322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[19,88324,88325,88341,88355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88326,88327,88330,88332,88334,88337,88339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88328,88329],{"class":285},"Current number",[57,88331,972],{"class":67},[57,88333,3622],{"class":80},[57,88335,88336],{"class":285}," Total",[57,88338,972],{"class":67},[57,88340,27770],{"class":80},[57,88342,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88344,88329],{"class":285},[57,88346,972],{"class":67},[57,88348,1084],{"class":80},[57,88350,88336],{"class":285},[57,88352,972],{"class":67},[57,88354,659],{"class":80},[57,88356,88357,88359,88361,88363,88365,88367],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,88358,88329],{"class":285},[57,88360,972],{"class":67},[57,88362,530],{"class":80},[57,88364,88336],{"class":285},[57,88366,972],{"class":67},[57,88368,88369],{"class":80}," 6\n",[15,88371,88372,88373,498],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[373,88374,88376],{"href":88375},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[43,88378,913],{"id":912},[15,88380,88381,88382,498],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[19,88383,44619],{},[616,88385,88387],{"id":88386},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[15,88389,88390],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[48,88392,88394],{"className":50,"code":88393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(Hello)\n",[19,88395,88396],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88397,88398,88400,88402,88404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88399,64],{"class":63},[57,88401,68],{"class":67},[57,88403,33026],{"class":238},[57,88405,242],{"class":67},[15,88407,7011,88408,88410],{},[19,88409,33026],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[15,88412,8947],{},[48,88414,88416],{"className":50,"code":88415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[19,88417,88418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88419,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88421,64],{"class":63},[57,88423,68],{"class":67},[57,88425,939],{"class":938},[57,88427,33026],{"class":942},[57,88429,939],{"class":938},[57,88431,242],{"class":67},[616,88433,6551,88435,88437],{"id":88434},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[19,88436,64],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[15,88439,88440],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[48,88442,88444],{"className":50,"code":88443,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print \"Hello\"\n",[19,88445,88446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88447,88448,88450,88452,88454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88449,64],{"class":63},[57,88451,1449],{"class":938},[57,88453,33026],{"class":942},[57,88455,1455],{"class":938},[15,88457,8947],{},[48,88459,88460],{"className":50,"code":88415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,88461,88462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88463,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88465,64],{"class":63},[57,88467,68],{"class":67},[57,88469,939],{"class":938},[57,88471,33026],{"class":942},[57,88473,939],{"class":938},[57,88475,242],{"class":67},[616,88477,88479,88480],{"id":88478},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[19,88481,119],{},[15,88483,88484,88485,498],{},"This causes a ",[19,88486,1097],{},[48,88488,88489],{"className":50,"code":87577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,88490,88491,88499],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88492,88493,88495,88497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88494,19780],{"class":285},[57,88496,289],{"class":76},[57,88498,669],{"class":80},[57,88500,88501,88503,88505,88507,88509,88511,88513,88515],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88502,64],{"class":63},[57,88504,68],{"class":67},[57,88506,939],{"class":938},[57,88508,87598],{"class":942},[57,88510,939],{"class":938},[57,88512,533],{"class":76},[57,88514,7325],{"class":238},[57,88516,242],{"class":67},[15,88518,88519],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[48,88521,88523],{"className":50,"code":88522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[19,88524,88525],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88526,88527,88529,88531,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88528,64],{"class":63},[57,88530,68],{"class":67},[57,88532,939],{"class":938},[57,88534,87499],{"class":942},[57,88536,939],{"class":938},[57,88538,1081],{"class":67},[57,88540,7325],{"class":238},[57,88542,242],{"class":67},[15,88544,88545],{},"Or convert the number first:",[48,88547,88549],{"className":50,"code":88548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[19,88550,88551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88552,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88554,64],{"class":63},[57,88556,68],{"class":67},[57,88558,939],{"class":938},[57,88560,87598],{"class":942},[57,88562,939],{"class":938},[57,88564,533],{"class":76},[57,88566,47072],{"class":990},[57,88568,68],{"class":67},[57,88570,7436],{"class":238},[57,88572,84],{"class":67},[15,88574,88575,88576,498],{},"If you see this error, read ",[373,88577,88579],{"href":88578},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[616,88581,6587,88583,88585],{"id":88582},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[19,88584,44619],{}," to return a value",[15,88587,88588,88589,33489,88592,972],{},"This does not store ",[19,88590,88591],{},"\"Hello\"",[19,88593,339],{},[48,88595,88597],{"className":50,"code":88596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[19,88598,88599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88600,88601,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88602,300],{"class":285},[57,88604,289],{"class":76},[57,88606,88102],{"class":63},[57,88608,68],{"class":67},[57,88610,939],{"class":938},[57,88612,33026],{"class":942},[57,88614,939],{"class":938},[57,88616,242],{"class":67},[15,88618,88619,88620,498],{},"It stores ",[19,88621,1890],{},[616,88623,88625,88626,2511,88628],{"id":88624},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[19,88627,87639],{},[19,88629,50830],{},[15,88631,83985],{},[27,88633,88634,88643],{},[30,88635,88636,88638,88639,88642],{},[19,88637,87639],{}," changes what goes ",[1854,88640,88641],{},"between"," multiple values",[30,88644,88645,88647,88648,88651],{},[19,88646,50830],{}," changes what appears ",[1854,88649,88650],{},"after"," the output",[43,88653,88655],{"id":88654},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[15,88657,88658,88659,88661],{},"These simple ",[19,88660,44619],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[48,88663,88665],{"className":50,"code":88664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[19,88666,88667,88687,88702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88668,88669,88671,88673,88675,88678,88680,88682,88685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88670,64],{"class":63},[57,88672,68],{"class":67},[57,88674,939],{"class":938},[57,88676,88677],{"class":942},"Debug:",[57,88679,939],{"class":938},[57,88681,1081],{"class":67},[57,88683,88684],{"class":238}," variable_name",[57,88686,242],{"class":67},[57,88688,88689,88691,88693,88695,88697,88700],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88690,64],{"class":63},[57,88692,68],{"class":67},[57,88694,1315],{"class":990},[57,88696,68],{"class":67},[57,88698,88699],{"class":238},"variable_name",[57,88701,84],{"class":67},[57,88703,88704,88706,88708,88710],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,88705,30309],{"class":63},[57,88707,68],{"class":67},[57,88709,64],{"class":63},[57,88711,242],{"class":67},[15,88713,88714],{},"What they do:",[27,88716,88717,88723,88729],{},[30,88718,88719,88722],{},[19,88720,88721],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[30,88724,88725,88728],{},[19,88726,88727],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[30,88730,88731,88734,88735],{},[19,88732,88733],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[19,88736,44619],{},[43,88738,1554],{"id":1553},[616,88740,10848,88742,88744],{"id":88741},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[19,88743,44619],{}," add a new line automatically?",[15,88746,88747,88748,88750,88751,34783],{},"Yes. By default, ",[19,88749,44619],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[19,88752,50830],{},[616,88754,3292,88756,88758],{"id":88755},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[19,88757,44619],{}," show more than one value?",[15,88760,88761,88762,88764],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[19,88763,44619],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[616,88766,3280,88768,3283,88771,572],{"id":88767},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[19,88769,88770],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[19,88772,1890],{},[15,88774,27216,88775,88777],{},[19,88776,44619],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[616,88779,88781],{"id":88780},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[15,88783,88784],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[48,88786,88788],{"className":50,"code":88787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[19,88789,88790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88791,88792,88794,88796,88798,88800,88802,88804,88806],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88793,64],{"class":63},[57,88795,68],{"class":67},[57,88797,939],{"class":938},[57,88799,87499],{"class":942},[57,88801,939],{"class":938},[57,88803,1081],{"class":67},[57,88805,4130],{"class":80},[57,88807,242],{"class":67},[15,88809,88810,88811,38093],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[19,88812,45851],{},[616,88814,3302,88816,2511,88818,572],{"id":88815},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[19,88817,87639],{},[19,88819,50830],{},[27,88821,88822,88827],{},[30,88823,88824,88826],{},[19,88825,87639],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[30,88828,88829,88831],{},[19,88830,50830],{}," changes what appears after the output",[43,88833,1602],{"id":1601},[27,88835,88836,88840,88846,88852,88857,88862],{},[30,88837,88838],{},[373,88839,49145],{"href":49144},[30,88841,88842],{},[373,88843,1680,88844,1611],{"href":6352},[19,88845,1047],{},[30,88847,88848],{},[373,88849,1680,88850,1611],{"href":40340},[19,88851,45851],{},[30,88853,88854],{},[373,88855,88856],{"href":87865},"How to format strings in Python",[30,88858,88859],{},[373,88860,88861],{"href":88375},"How to debug Python code",[30,88863,88864],{},[373,88865,88579],{"href":88578},[1634,88867,88868],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":88870},[88871,88872,88874,88875,88881,88882,88883,88888,88894,88896,88898,88909,88910,88921],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":87043,"depth":87,"text":88873},"What print() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":87279,"depth":87,"text":87280,"children":88876},[88877,88878,88879,88880],{"id":87288,"depth":103,"text":87289},{"id":87329,"depth":103,"text":87330},{"id":87361,"depth":103,"text":87362},{"id":87388,"depth":103,"text":87389},{"id":87430,"depth":87,"text":87431},{"id":87626,"depth":87,"text":87627},{"id":87666,"depth":87,"text":88884,"children":88885},"sep argument",[88886,88887],{"id":87679,"depth":103,"text":87680},{"id":87729,"depth":103,"text":87730},{"id":87869,"depth":87,"text":88889,"children":88890},"end argument",[88891,88892,88893],{"id":87883,"depth":103,"text":87680},{"id":87936,"depth":103,"text":87937},{"id":87992,"depth":103,"text":87993},{"id":88076,"depth":87,"text":88895},"print() returns None",{"id":88213,"depth":87,"text":88897},"When beginners use print()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":88899},[88900,88901,88903,88905,88907],{"id":88386,"depth":103,"text":88387},{"id":88434,"depth":103,"text":88902},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":88478,"depth":103,"text":88904},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":88582,"depth":103,"text":88906},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":88624,"depth":103,"text":88908},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":88654,"depth":87,"text":88655},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":88911},[88912,88914,88916,88918,88919],{"id":88741,"depth":103,"text":88913},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":88755,"depth":103,"text":88915},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":88767,"depth":103,"text":88917},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":88780,"depth":103,"text":88781},{"id":88815,"depth":103,"text":88920},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":86926,"description":88922},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":88929,"title":88930,"body":88931,"description":91235,"extension":1666,"meta":91236,"navigation":317,"path":91237,"seo":91238,"stem":91239,"__hash__":91240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":88932,"toc":91181},[88933,88938,88943,88956,88958,89023,89034,89039,89044,89046,89069,89072,89103,89105,89122,89127,89133,89138,89187,89190,89207,89213,89218,89241,89243,89271,89277,89285,89312,89314,89339,89345,89348,89379,89381,89410,89414,89417,89422,89444,89446,89474,89480,89486,89512,89514,89538,89544,89550,89580,89582,89610,89620,89624,89630,89663,89665,89694,89697,89700,89733,89735,89743,89749,89751,89774,89779,89788,89793,89807,89809,89849,89851,89881,89885,89920,89926,89930,89974,89976,90006,90012,90015,90094,90096,90118,90126,90129,90192,90200,90275,90281,90288,90293,90298,90321,90323,90344,90346,90359,90361,90408,90410,90449,90458,90460,90464,90468,90471,90498,90501,90530,90533,90557,90560,90568,90574,90596,90598,90626,90630,90635,90690,90695,90697,90754,90761,90770,90773,90805,90807,90815,90818,90824,90826,90849,90852,90858,90861,90880,90882,90901,90904,90926,90928,90956,90960,90964,91069,91071,91084,91086,91092,91095,91103,91108,91114,91120,91125,91133,91139,91146,91148,91178],[11,88934,1680,88936,1684],{"id":88935},"python-range-function-explained",[19,88937,34359],{},[15,88939,30474,88940,88942],{},[19,88941,34359],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[15,88944,88945,88946,88948,88949,88951,88952,88955],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[19,88947,4083],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[19,88950,34359],{}," stops ",[1854,88953,88954],{},"before"," the end value.",[43,88957,46],{"id":45},[48,88959,88961],{"className":50,"code":88960,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[19,88962,88963,88979,88989,88993,88998,89003,89008,89013,89018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88964,88965,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88966,4083],{"class":1990},[57,88968,67721],{"class":285},[57,88970,1997],{"class":1990},[57,88972,52240],{"class":63},[57,88974,68],{"class":67},[57,88976,199],{"class":80},[57,88978,6475],{"class":67},[57,88980,88981,88983,88985,88987],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,88982,6201],{"class":63},[57,88984,68],{"class":67},[57,88986,34315],{"class":238},[57,88988,242],{"class":67},[57,88990,88991],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,88992,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,88994,88995],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,88996,88997],{"class":1772},"# Output:\n",[57,88999,89000],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,89001,89002],{"class":1772},"# 0\n",[57,89004,89005],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,89006,89007],{"class":1772},"# 1\n",[57,89009,89010],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,89011,89012],{"class":1772},"# 2\n",[57,89014,89015],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,89016,89017],{"class":1772},"# 3\n",[57,89019,89020],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,89021,89022],{"class":1772},"# 4\n",[15,89024,89025,89028,89029,89031,89032,498],{},[19,89026,89027],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[19,89030,182],{}," and stopping before ",[19,89033,199],{},[43,89035,1787,89037,1790],{"id":89036},"what-range-does",[19,89038,34359],{},[15,89040,89041,89043],{},[19,89042,34359],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[15,89045,11197],{},[27,89047,89048,89053,89059,89064],{},[30,89049,89050,89052],{},[19,89051,34359],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[30,89054,89055,89056,89058],{},"It is commonly used with ",[19,89057,4083],{}," loops",[30,89060,89061,89062],{},"The stop value is ",[1854,89063,63242],{},[30,89065,15571,89066,89068],{},[19,89067,58170],{}," object, not a regular list",[15,89070,89071],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[48,89073,89075],{"className":50,"code":89074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[19,89076,89077,89093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89078,89079,89081,89083,89085,89087,89089,89091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89080,4083],{"class":1990},[57,89082,4513],{"class":285},[57,89084,1997],{"class":1990},[57,89086,52240],{"class":63},[57,89088,68],{"class":67},[57,89090,122],{"class":80},[57,89092,6475],{"class":67},[57,89094,89095,89097,89099,89101],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89096,6201],{"class":63},[57,89098,68],{"class":67},[57,89100,310],{"class":238},[57,89102,242],{"class":67},[15,89104,131],{},[48,89106,89108],{"className":50,"code":89107,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n",[19,89109,89110,89114,89118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89111,89112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89113,45419],{"class":80},[57,89115,89116],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89117,45084],{"class":80},[57,89119,89120],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,89121,15205],{"class":80},[15,89123,89124,89125,498],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[373,89126,34189],{"href":34188},[43,89128,89130,89132],{"id":89129},"range-syntax",[19,89131,34359],{}," syntax",[15,89134,89135,89137],{},[19,89136,34359],{}," has three common forms:",[48,89139,89141],{"className":50,"code":89140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[19,89142,89143,89153,89168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89144,89145,89147,89149,89151],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89146,58170],{"class":63},[57,89148,68],{"class":67},[57,89150,73599],{"class":238},[57,89152,242],{"class":67},[57,89154,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89166],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89156,58170],{"class":63},[57,89158,68],{"class":67},[57,89160,34233],{"class":238},[57,89162,1081],{"class":67},[57,89164,89165],{"class":238}," stop",[57,89167,242],{"class":67},[57,89169,89170,89172,89174,89176,89178,89180,89182,89185],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,89171,58170],{"class":63},[57,89173,68],{"class":67},[57,89175,34233],{"class":238},[57,89177,1081],{"class":67},[57,89179,89165],{"class":238},[57,89181,1081],{"class":67},[57,89183,89184],{"class":238}," step",[57,89186,242],{"class":67},[15,89188,89189],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[27,89191,89192,89197,89202],{},[30,89193,89194,89196],{},[19,89195,34233],{}," = first number",[30,89198,89199,89201],{},[19,89200,73599],{}," = end limit, not included",[30,89203,89204,89206],{},[19,89205,73602],{}," = amount to move each time",[616,89208,89210],{"id":89209},"rangestop",[19,89211,89212],{},"range(stop)",[15,89214,89215,89216,498],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[19,89217,182],{},[48,89219,89221],{"className":50,"code":89220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[19,89222,89223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89224,89225,89227,89229,89231,89233,89235,89237,89239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89226,64],{"class":63},[57,89228,68],{"class":67},[57,89230,6226],{"class":990},[57,89232,68],{"class":67},[57,89234,58170],{"class":63},[57,89236,68],{"class":67},[57,89238,199],{"class":80},[57,89240,1001],{"class":67},[15,89242,131],{},[48,89244,89245],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89246,89247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89248,89249,89251,89253,89255,89257,89259,89261,89263,89265,89267,89269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89250,2015],{"class":67},[57,89252,182],{"class":80},[57,89254,1081],{"class":67},[57,89256,3622],{"class":80},[57,89258,1081],{"class":67},[57,89260,1084],{"class":80},[57,89262,1081],{"class":67},[57,89264,530],{"class":80},[57,89266,1081],{"class":67},[57,89268,536],{"class":80},[57,89270,1742],{"class":67},[616,89272,89274],{"id":89273},"rangestart-stop",[19,89275,89276],{},"range(start, stop)",[15,89278,89279,89280,89282,89283,498],{},"This starts at ",[19,89281,34233],{}," and stops before ",[19,89284,73599],{},[48,89286,89288],{"className":50,"code":89287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[19,89289,89290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89291,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89293,64],{"class":63},[57,89295,68],{"class":67},[57,89297,6226],{"class":990},[57,89299,68],{"class":67},[57,89301,58170],{"class":63},[57,89303,68],{"class":67},[57,89305,116],{"class":80},[57,89307,1081],{"class":67},[57,89309,35806],{"class":80},[57,89311,1001],{"class":67},[15,89313,131],{},[48,89315,89317],{"className":50,"code":89316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[19,89318,89319],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89320,89321,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335,89337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89322,2015],{"class":67},[57,89324,116],{"class":80},[57,89326,1081],{"class":67},[57,89328,530],{"class":80},[57,89330,1081],{"class":67},[57,89332,536],{"class":80},[57,89334,1081],{"class":67},[57,89336,2724],{"class":80},[57,89338,1742],{"class":67},[616,89340,89342],{"id":89341},"rangestart-stop-step",[19,89343,89344],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[15,89346,89347],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[48,89349,89351],{"className":50,"code":89350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[19,89352,89353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89354,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367,89369,89371,89373,89375,89377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89356,64],{"class":63},[57,89358,68],{"class":67},[57,89360,6226],{"class":990},[57,89362,68],{"class":67},[57,89364,58170],{"class":63},[57,89366,68],{"class":67},[57,89368,1078],{"class":80},[57,89370,1081],{"class":67},[57,89372,4130],{"class":80},[57,89374,1081],{"class":67},[57,89376,1084],{"class":80},[57,89378,1001],{"class":67},[15,89380,131],{},[48,89382,89384],{"className":50,"code":89383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[19,89385,89386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89387,89388,89390,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402,89404,89406,89408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89389,2015],{"class":67},[57,89391,1078],{"class":80},[57,89393,1081],{"class":67},[57,89395,530],{"class":80},[57,89397,1081],{"class":67},[57,89399,2724],{"class":80},[57,89401,1081],{"class":67},[57,89403,4119],{"class":80},[57,89405,1081],{"class":67},[57,89407,52306],{"class":80},[57,89409,1742],{"class":67},[43,89411,89413],{"id":89412},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[15,89415,89416],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[616,89418,89420],{"id":89419},"range5",[19,89421,89027],{},[48,89423,89424],{"className":50,"code":89220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89425,89426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89427,89428,89430,89432,89434,89436,89438,89440,89442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89429,64],{"class":63},[57,89431,68],{"class":67},[57,89433,6226],{"class":990},[57,89435,68],{"class":67},[57,89437,58170],{"class":63},[57,89439,68],{"class":67},[57,89441,199],{"class":80},[57,89443,1001],{"class":67},[15,89445,131],{},[48,89447,89448],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89449,89450],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89451,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89453,2015],{"class":67},[57,89455,182],{"class":80},[57,89457,1081],{"class":67},[57,89459,3622],{"class":80},[57,89461,1081],{"class":67},[57,89463,1084],{"class":80},[57,89465,1081],{"class":67},[57,89467,530],{"class":80},[57,89469,1081],{"class":67},[57,89471,536],{"class":80},[57,89473,1742],{"class":67},[15,89475,89279,89476,89282,89478,498],{},[19,89477,182],{},[19,89479,199],{},[616,89481,89483],{"id":89482},"range2-6",[19,89484,89485],{},"range(2, 6)",[48,89487,89488],{"className":50,"code":89287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89489,89490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89491,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89493,64],{"class":63},[57,89495,68],{"class":67},[57,89497,6226],{"class":990},[57,89499,68],{"class":67},[57,89501,58170],{"class":63},[57,89503,68],{"class":67},[57,89505,116],{"class":80},[57,89507,1081],{"class":67},[57,89509,35806],{"class":80},[57,89511,1001],{"class":67},[15,89513,131],{},[48,89515,89516],{"className":50,"code":89316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89517,89518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89519,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89521,2015],{"class":67},[57,89523,116],{"class":80},[57,89525,1081],{"class":67},[57,89527,530],{"class":80},[57,89529,1081],{"class":67},[57,89531,536],{"class":80},[57,89533,1081],{"class":67},[57,89535,2724],{"class":80},[57,89537,1742],{"class":67},[15,89539,89279,89540,89282,89542,498],{},[19,89541,116],{},[19,89543,78767],{},[616,89545,89547],{"id":89546},"range1-10-2",[19,89548,89549],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[48,89551,89552],{"className":50,"code":89350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89553,89554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89555,89556,89558,89560,89562,89564,89566,89568,89570,89572,89574,89576,89578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89557,64],{"class":63},[57,89559,68],{"class":67},[57,89561,6226],{"class":990},[57,89563,68],{"class":67},[57,89565,58170],{"class":63},[57,89567,68],{"class":67},[57,89569,1078],{"class":80},[57,89571,1081],{"class":67},[57,89573,4130],{"class":80},[57,89575,1081],{"class":67},[57,89577,1084],{"class":80},[57,89579,1001],{"class":67},[15,89581,131],{},[48,89583,89584],{"className":50,"code":89383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89585,89586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89587,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89589,2015],{"class":67},[57,89591,1078],{"class":80},[57,89593,1081],{"class":67},[57,89595,530],{"class":80},[57,89597,1081],{"class":67},[57,89599,2724],{"class":80},[57,89601,1081],{"class":67},[57,89603,4119],{"class":80},[57,89605,1081],{"class":67},[57,89607,52306],{"class":80},[57,89609,1742],{"class":67},[15,89611,89612,89613,89615,89616,59473,89618,498],{},"This moves by ",[19,89614,116],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[19,89617,1078],{},[19,89619,207],{},[616,89621,89623],{"id":89622},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[15,89625,89626,89627,89629],{},"A negative step makes ",[19,89628,34359],{}," count backward.",[48,89631,89633],{"className":50,"code":89632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[19,89634,89635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89636,89637,89639,89641,89643,89645,89647,89649,89651,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89638,64],{"class":63},[57,89640,68],{"class":67},[57,89642,6226],{"class":990},[57,89644,68],{"class":67},[57,89646,58170],{"class":63},[57,89648,68],{"class":67},[57,89650,199],{"class":80},[57,89652,1081],{"class":67},[57,89654,1946],{"class":80},[57,89656,1081],{"class":67},[57,89658,292],{"class":76},[57,89660,1078],{"class":80},[57,89662,1001],{"class":67},[15,89664,131],{},[48,89666,89668],{"className":50,"code":89667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[19,89669,89670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89671,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89673,2015],{"class":67},[57,89675,199],{"class":80},[57,89677,1081],{"class":67},[57,89679,536],{"class":80},[57,89681,1081],{"class":67},[57,89683,530],{"class":80},[57,89685,1081],{"class":67},[57,89687,1084],{"class":80},[57,89689,1081],{"class":67},[57,89691,3622],{"class":80},[57,89693,1742],{"class":67},[15,89695,89696],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[15,89698,89699],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[48,89701,89703],{"className":50,"code":89702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[19,89704,89705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89706,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89708,64],{"class":63},[57,89710,68],{"class":67},[57,89712,6226],{"class":990},[57,89714,68],{"class":67},[57,89716,58170],{"class":63},[57,89718,68],{"class":67},[57,89720,1078],{"class":80},[57,89722,1081],{"class":67},[57,89724,2724],{"class":80},[57,89726,1081],{"class":67},[57,89728,292],{"class":76},[57,89730,1078],{"class":80},[57,89732,1001],{"class":67},[15,89734,131],{},[48,89736,89737],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,89738,89739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89740,89741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89742,36460],{"class":67},[616,89744,89745,74762,89747],{"id":74986},[19,89746,73602],{},[19,89748,182],{},[15,89750,920],{},[48,89752,89754],{"className":50,"code":89753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[19,89755,89756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89757,89758,89760,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770,89772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89759,58170],{"class":63},[57,89761,68],{"class":67},[57,89763,1078],{"class":80},[57,89765,1081],{"class":67},[57,89767,2724],{"class":80},[57,89769,1081],{"class":67},[57,89771,1946],{"class":80},[57,89773,242],{"class":67},[15,89775,75031,89776,89778],{},[19,89777,38868],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[43,89780,6551,89782,89784,89785,89787],{"id":89781},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[19,89783,34359],{}," in a ",[19,89786,4083],{}," loop",[15,89789,89790,89792],{},[19,89791,34359],{}," is most useful when:",[27,89794,89795,89798,89801],{},[30,89796,89797],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[30,89799,89800],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[30,89802,89803,89804],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[19,89805,89806],{},"for i in range(n)",[15,89808,275],{},[48,89810,89812],{"className":50,"code":89811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[19,89813,89814,89830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89815,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824,89826,89828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89817,4083],{"class":1990},[57,89819,67721],{"class":285},[57,89821,1997],{"class":1990},[57,89823,52240],{"class":63},[57,89825,68],{"class":67},[57,89827,122],{"class":80},[57,89829,6475],{"class":67},[57,89831,89832,89834,89836,89838,89841,89843,89845,89847],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89833,6201],{"class":63},[57,89835,68],{"class":67},[57,89837,939],{"class":938},[57,89839,89840],{"class":942},"Loop number:",[57,89842,939],{"class":938},[57,89844,1081],{"class":67},[57,89846,34290],{"class":238},[57,89848,242],{"class":67},[15,89850,131],{},[48,89852,89854],{"className":50,"code":89853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[19,89855,89856,89865,89873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89857,89858,89861,89863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89859,89860],{"class":285},"Loop number",[57,89862,972],{"class":67},[57,89864,36676],{"class":80},[57,89866,89867,89869,89871],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89868,89860],{"class":285},[57,89870,972],{"class":67},[57,89872,27770],{"class":80},[57,89874,89875,89877,89879],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,89876,89860],{"class":285},[57,89878,972],{"class":67},[57,89880,43756],{"class":80},[616,89882,89884],{"id":89883},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[48,89886,89888],{"className":50,"code":89887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[19,89889,89890,89906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89891,89892,89894,89896,89898,89900,89902,89904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89893,4083],{"class":1990},[57,89895,67721],{"class":285},[57,89897,1997],{"class":1990},[57,89899,52240],{"class":63},[57,89901,68],{"class":67},[57,89903,199],{"class":80},[57,89905,6475],{"class":67},[57,89907,89908,89910,89912,89914,89916,89918],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89909,6201],{"class":63},[57,89911,68],{"class":67},[57,89913,939],{"class":938},[57,89915,33026],{"class":942},[57,89917,939],{"class":938},[57,89919,242],{"class":67},[15,89921,89922,89923,89925],{},"This prints ",[19,89924,88591],{}," five times.",[616,89927,89929],{"id":89928},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[48,89931,89933],{"className":50,"code":89932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[19,89934,89935,89955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89936,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949,89951,89953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89938,4083],{"class":1990},[57,89940,67721],{"class":285},[57,89942,1997],{"class":1990},[57,89944,52240],{"class":63},[57,89946,68],{"class":67},[57,89948,1078],{"class":80},[57,89950,1081],{"class":67},[57,89952,536],{"class":80},[57,89954,6475],{"class":67},[57,89956,89957,89959,89961,89963,89966,89968,89970,89972],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89958,6201],{"class":63},[57,89960,68],{"class":67},[57,89962,939],{"class":938},[57,89964,89965],{"class":942},"Current number is",[57,89967,939],{"class":938},[57,89969,1081],{"class":67},[57,89971,34290],{"class":238},[57,89973,242],{"class":67},[15,89975,131],{},[48,89977,89979],{"className":50,"code":89978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[19,89980,89981,89990,89998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89982,89983,89986,89988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89984,89985],{"class":285},"Current number ",[57,89987,10337],{"class":76},[57,89989,27770],{"class":80},[57,89991,89992,89994,89996],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,89993,89985],{"class":285},[57,89995,10337],{"class":76},[57,89997,43756],{"class":80},[57,89999,90000,90002,90004],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90001,89985],{"class":285},[57,90003,10337],{"class":76},[57,90005,659],{"class":80},[616,90007,90009,90011],{"id":90008},"range-and-indexing",[19,90010,34359],{}," and indexing",[15,90013,90014],{},"You may see code like this:",[48,90016,90018],{"className":50,"code":90017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[19,90019,90020,90052,90056,90076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90021,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032,90034,90036,90038,90040,90042,90044,90046,90048,90050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90023,5910],{"class":285},[57,90025,289],{"class":76},[57,90027,1729],{"class":67},[57,90029,939],{"class":938},[57,90031,373],{"class":942},[57,90033,939],{"class":938},[57,90035,1081],{"class":67},[57,90037,1449],{"class":938},[57,90039,2881],{"class":942},[57,90041,939],{"class":938},[57,90043,1081],{"class":67},[57,90045,1449],{"class":938},[57,90047,7877],{"class":942},[57,90049,939],{"class":938},[57,90051,1742],{"class":67},[57,90053,90054],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90055,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,90057,90058,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90059,4083],{"class":1990},[57,90061,67721],{"class":285},[57,90063,1997],{"class":1990},[57,90065,52240],{"class":63},[57,90067,68],{"class":67},[57,90069,9302],{"class":63},[57,90071,68],{"class":67},[57,90073,5941],{"class":238},[57,90075,67736],{"class":67},[57,90077,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90090,90092],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,90079,6201],{"class":63},[57,90081,68],{"class":67},[57,90083,34315],{"class":238},[57,90085,1081],{"class":67},[57,90087,4091],{"class":238},[57,90089,2015],{"class":67},[57,90091,34315],{"class":238},[57,90093,2003],{"class":67},[15,90095,131],{},[48,90097,90098],{"className":50,"code":34327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90099,90100,90106,90112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90101,90102,90104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90103,182],{"class":80},[57,90105,34336],{"class":285},[57,90107,90108,90110],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90109,1078],{"class":80},[57,90111,34343],{"class":285},[57,90113,90114,90116],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90115,116],{"class":80},[57,90117,34350],{"class":285},[15,90119,90120,90121,90125],{},"This works, and it uses ",[373,90122,90123],{"href":40523},[19,90124,40526],{}," to get the number of items.",[15,90127,90128],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[48,90130,90132],{"className":50,"code":90131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[19,90133,90134,90166,90170,90182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90135,90136,90138,90140,90142,90144,90146,90148,90150,90152,90154,90156,90158,90160,90162,90164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90137,5910],{"class":285},[57,90139,289],{"class":76},[57,90141,1729],{"class":67},[57,90143,939],{"class":938},[57,90145,373],{"class":942},[57,90147,939],{"class":938},[57,90149,1081],{"class":67},[57,90151,1449],{"class":938},[57,90153,2881],{"class":942},[57,90155,939],{"class":938},[57,90157,1081],{"class":67},[57,90159,1449],{"class":938},[57,90161,7877],{"class":942},[57,90163,939],{"class":938},[57,90165,1742],{"class":67},[57,90167,90168],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90169,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,90171,90172,90174,90176,90178,90180],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90173,4083],{"class":1990},[57,90175,4086],{"class":285},[57,90177,1997],{"class":1990},[57,90179,4091],{"class":285},[57,90181,4520],{"class":67},[57,90183,90184,90186,90188,90190],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,90185,6201],{"class":63},[57,90187,68],{"class":67},[57,90189,21463],{"class":238},[57,90191,242],{"class":67},[15,90193,34754,90194,90199],{},[373,90195,90197],{"href":90196},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[19,90198,33909],{}," is usually a better choice:",[48,90201,90203],{"className":50,"code":90202,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[19,90204,90205,90237,90241,90261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90206,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217,90219,90221,90223,90225,90227,90229,90231,90233,90235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90208,5910],{"class":285},[57,90210,289],{"class":76},[57,90212,1729],{"class":67},[57,90214,939],{"class":938},[57,90216,373],{"class":942},[57,90218,939],{"class":938},[57,90220,1081],{"class":67},[57,90222,1449],{"class":938},[57,90224,2881],{"class":942},[57,90226,939],{"class":938},[57,90228,1081],{"class":67},[57,90230,1449],{"class":938},[57,90232,7877],{"class":942},[57,90234,939],{"class":938},[57,90236,1742],{"class":67},[57,90238,90239],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90240,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,90242,90243,90245,90247,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90244,4083],{"class":1990},[57,90246,33981],{"class":285},[57,90248,1081],{"class":67},[57,90250,4086],{"class":285},[57,90252,1997],{"class":1990},[57,90254,33991],{"class":63},[57,90256,68],{"class":67},[57,90258,5941],{"class":238},[57,90260,6475],{"class":67},[57,90262,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,90264,6201],{"class":63},[57,90266,68],{"class":67},[57,90268,34006],{"class":238},[57,90270,1081],{"class":67},[57,90272,27662],{"class":238},[57,90274,242],{"class":67},[15,90276,77291,90277,498],{},[373,90278,34767,90279,34770],{"href":34766},[19,90280,33909],{},[43,90282,90284,90285,90287],{"id":90283},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[19,90286,34359],{}," to a list",[15,90289,90290,90292],{},[19,90291,34359],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[15,90294,90295,90296,972],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[19,90297,22934],{},[48,90299,90301],{"className":50,"code":90300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[19,90302,90303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90304,90305,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317,90319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90306,64],{"class":63},[57,90308,68],{"class":67},[57,90310,6226],{"class":990},[57,90312,68],{"class":67},[57,90314,58170],{"class":63},[57,90316,68],{"class":67},[57,90318,122],{"class":80},[57,90320,1001],{"class":67},[15,90322,131],{},[48,90324,90326],{"className":50,"code":90325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[19,90327,90328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90329,90330,90332,90334,90336,90338,90340,90342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90331,2015],{"class":67},[57,90333,182],{"class":80},[57,90335,1081],{"class":67},[57,90337,3622],{"class":80},[57,90339,1081],{"class":67},[57,90341,1084],{"class":80},[57,90343,1742],{"class":67},[15,90345,31469],{},[27,90347,90348,90353,90356],{},[30,90349,90350,90351,40250],{},"learning how ",[19,90352,34359],{},[30,90354,90355],{},"checking your values",[30,90357,90358],{},"debugging code",[15,90360,3596],{},[48,90362,90364],{"className":50,"code":90363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[19,90365,90366,90380,90384,90394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90367,90368,90370,90372,90374,90376,90378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90369,1724],{"class":285},[57,90371,289],{"class":76},[57,90373,52240],{"class":63},[57,90375,68],{"class":67},[57,90377,585],{"class":80},[57,90379,242],{"class":67},[57,90381,90382],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90383,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,90385,90386,90388,90390,90392],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90387,64],{"class":63},[57,90389,68],{"class":67},[57,90391,1756],{"class":238},[57,90393,242],{"class":67},[57,90395,90396,90398,90400,90402,90404,90406],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,90397,64],{"class":63},[57,90399,68],{"class":67},[57,90401,6226],{"class":990},[57,90403,68],{"class":67},[57,90405,1756],{"class":238},[57,90407,84],{"class":67},[15,90409,131],{},[48,90411,90413],{"className":50,"code":90412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[19,90414,90415,90429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90416,90417,90419,90421,90423,90425,90427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90418,58170],{"class":63},[57,90420,68],{"class":67},[57,90422,182],{"class":80},[57,90424,1081],{"class":67},[57,90426,536],{"class":80},[57,90428,242],{"class":67},[57,90430,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90432,2015],{"class":67},[57,90434,182],{"class":80},[57,90436,1081],{"class":67},[57,90438,3622],{"class":80},[57,90440,1081],{"class":67},[57,90442,1084],{"class":80},[57,90444,1081],{"class":67},[57,90446,530],{"class":80},[57,90448,1742],{"class":67},[15,90450,90451,90452,8724,90454,90457],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[19,90453,58170],{},[19,90455,90456],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[43,90459,2637],{"id":2636},[15,90461,31698,90462,498],{},[19,90463,34359],{},[616,90465,90467],{"id":90466},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[15,90469,90470],{},"Many beginners think this:",[48,90472,90474],{"className":50,"code":90473,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[19,90475,90476],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90477,90478,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90479,64],{"class":63},[57,90481,68],{"class":67},[57,90483,6226],{"class":990},[57,90485,68],{"class":67},[57,90487,58170],{"class":63},[57,90489,68],{"class":67},[57,90491,1078],{"class":80},[57,90493,1081],{"class":67},[57,90495,2724],{"class":80},[57,90497,1001],{"class":67},[15,90499,90500],{},"will produce:",[48,90502,90504],{"className":50,"code":90503,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[19,90505,90506],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90507,90508,90510,90512,90514,90516,90518,90520,90522,90524,90526,90528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90509,2015],{"class":67},[57,90511,1078],{"class":80},[57,90513,1081],{"class":67},[57,90515,1084],{"class":80},[57,90517,1081],{"class":67},[57,90519,530],{"class":80},[57,90521,1081],{"class":67},[57,90523,536],{"class":80},[57,90525,1081],{"class":67},[57,90527,2724],{"class":80},[57,90529,1742],{"class":67},[15,90531,90532],{},"But the real output is:",[48,90534,90535],{"className":50,"code":51675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90536,90537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90538,90539,90541,90543,90545,90547,90549,90551,90553,90555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90540,2015],{"class":67},[57,90542,1078],{"class":80},[57,90544,1081],{"class":67},[57,90546,1084],{"class":80},[57,90548,1081],{"class":67},[57,90550,530],{"class":80},[57,90552,1081],{"class":67},[57,90554,536],{"class":80},[57,90556,1742],{"class":67},[15,90558,90559],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[616,90561,2698,90563,90565,90566],{"id":90562},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[19,90564,89027],{}," starts at ",[19,90567,1078],{},[15,90569,35630,90570,17114,90572,498],{},[19,90571,182],{},[19,90573,1078],{},[48,90575,90576],{"className":50,"code":89220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90577,90578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90579,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90581,64],{"class":63},[57,90583,68],{"class":67},[57,90585,6226],{"class":990},[57,90587,68],{"class":67},[57,90589,58170],{"class":63},[57,90591,68],{"class":67},[57,90593,199],{"class":80},[57,90595,1001],{"class":67},[15,90597,131],{},[48,90599,90600],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90601,90602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90603,90604,90606,90608,90610,90612,90614,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90605,2015],{"class":67},[57,90607,182],{"class":80},[57,90609,1081],{"class":67},[57,90611,3622],{"class":80},[57,90613,1081],{"class":67},[57,90615,1084],{"class":80},[57,90617,1081],{"class":67},[57,90619,530],{"class":80},[57,90621,1081],{"class":67},[57,90623,536],{"class":80},[57,90625,1742],{"class":67},[616,90627,90629],{"id":90628},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[15,90631,90632,90633,972],{},"This often happens with ",[19,90634,1047],{},[48,90636,90638],{"className":50,"code":90637,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[19,90639,90640,90659,90663,90680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90641,90642,90645,90647,90649,90651,90653,90655,90657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90643,90644],{"class":285},"user_number ",[57,90646,289],{"class":76},[57,90648,6375],{"class":63},[57,90650,68],{"class":67},[57,90652,939],{"class":938},[57,90654,40036],{"class":942},[57,90656,939],{"class":938},[57,90658,242],{"class":67},[57,90660,90661],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90662,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,90664,90665,90667,90669,90671,90673,90675,90678],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90666,4083],{"class":1990},[57,90668,67721],{"class":285},[57,90670,1997],{"class":1990},[57,90672,52240],{"class":63},[57,90674,68],{"class":67},[57,90676,90677],{"class":238},"user_number",[57,90679,6475],{"class":67},[57,90681,90682,90684,90686,90688],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,90683,6201],{"class":63},[57,90685,68],{"class":67},[57,90687,34315],{"class":238},[57,90689,242],{"class":67},[15,90691,46678,90692,90694],{},[19,90693,1047],{}," returns a string.",[15,90696,8947],{},[48,90698,90700],{"className":50,"code":90699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[19,90701,90702,90724,90728,90744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90703,90704,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90705,90644],{"class":285},[57,90707,289],{"class":76},[57,90709,43443],{"class":990},[57,90711,68],{"class":67},[57,90713,40628],{"class":63},[57,90715,68],{"class":67},[57,90717,939],{"class":938},[57,90719,40036],{"class":942},[57,90721,939],{"class":938},[57,90723,84],{"class":67},[57,90725,90726],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90727,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,90729,90730,90732,90734,90736,90738,90740,90742],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,90731,4083],{"class":1990},[57,90733,67721],{"class":285},[57,90735,1997],{"class":1990},[57,90737,52240],{"class":63},[57,90739,68],{"class":67},[57,90741,90677],{"class":238},[57,90743,6475],{"class":67},[57,90745,90746,90748,90750,90752],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,90747,6201],{"class":63},[57,90749,68],{"class":67},[57,90751,34315],{"class":238},[57,90753,242],{"class":67},[15,90755,90756,90757,498],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[373,90758,48692,90759],{"href":48691},[19,90760,48695],{},[616,90762,90764,90765,90767,90768],{"id":90763},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[19,90766,34233],{}," smaller than ",[19,90769,73599],{},[15,90771,90772],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[48,90774,90775],{"className":50,"code":89702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90776,90777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90778,90779,90781,90783,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90780,64],{"class":63},[57,90782,68],{"class":67},[57,90784,6226],{"class":990},[57,90786,68],{"class":67},[57,90788,58170],{"class":63},[57,90790,68],{"class":67},[57,90792,1078],{"class":80},[57,90794,1081],{"class":67},[57,90796,2724],{"class":80},[57,90798,1081],{"class":67},[57,90800,292],{"class":76},[57,90802,1078],{"class":80},[57,90804,1001],{"class":67},[15,90806,131],{},[48,90808,90809],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90810,90811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90812,90813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90814,36460],{"class":67},[15,90816,90817],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[616,90819,23770,90821],{"id":90820},"trying-to-use-step-0",[19,90822,90823],{},"step = 0",[15,90825,75742],{},[48,90827,90829],{"className":50,"code":90828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[19,90830,90831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90832,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90834,58170],{"class":63},[57,90836,68],{"class":67},[57,90838,1078],{"class":80},[57,90840,1081],{"class":67},[57,90842,4130],{"class":80},[57,90844,1081],{"class":67},[57,90846,1946],{"class":80},[57,90848,242],{"class":67},[15,90850,90851],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[616,90853,2824,90855,90857],{"id":90854},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[19,90856,34359],{}," is not a list",[15,90859,90860],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[48,90862,90864],{"className":50,"code":90863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\n",[19,90865,90866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90867,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90869,64],{"class":63},[57,90871,68],{"class":67},[57,90873,58170],{"class":63},[57,90875,68],{"class":67},[57,90877,199],{"class":80},[57,90879,84],{"class":67},[15,90881,131],{},[48,90883,90885],{"className":50,"code":90884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n",[19,90886,90887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90888,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90890,58170],{"class":63},[57,90892,68],{"class":67},[57,90894,182],{"class":80},[57,90896,1081],{"class":67},[57,90898,2724],{"class":80},[57,90900,242],{"class":67},[15,90902,90903],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[48,90905,90906],{"className":50,"code":89220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90907,90908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90909,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90911,64],{"class":63},[57,90913,68],{"class":67},[57,90915,6226],{"class":990},[57,90917,68],{"class":67},[57,90919,58170],{"class":63},[57,90921,68],{"class":67},[57,90923,199],{"class":80},[57,90925,1001],{"class":67},[15,90927,131],{},[48,90929,90930],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,90931,90932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90933,90934,90936,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90935,2015],{"class":67},[57,90937,182],{"class":80},[57,90939,1081],{"class":67},[57,90941,3622],{"class":80},[57,90943,1081],{"class":67},[57,90945,1084],{"class":80},[57,90947,1081],{"class":67},[57,90949,530],{"class":80},[57,90951,1081],{"class":67},[57,90953,536],{"class":80},[57,90955,1742],{"class":67},[43,90957,90959],{"id":90958},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[15,90961,7011,90962,80513],{},[19,90963,34359],{},[48,90965,90967],{"className":50,"code":90966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[19,90968,90969,90983,91001,91023,91051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90970,90971,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90972,64],{"class":63},[57,90974,68],{"class":67},[57,90976,58170],{"class":63},[57,90978,68],{"class":67},[57,90980,199],{"class":80},[57,90982,84],{"class":67},[57,90984,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,90986,64],{"class":63},[57,90988,68],{"class":67},[57,90990,6226],{"class":990},[57,90992,68],{"class":67},[57,90994,58170],{"class":63},[57,90996,68],{"class":67},[57,90998,199],{"class":80},[57,91000,1001],{"class":67},[57,91002,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,91004,64],{"class":63},[57,91006,68],{"class":67},[57,91008,6226],{"class":990},[57,91010,68],{"class":67},[57,91012,58170],{"class":63},[57,91014,68],{"class":67},[57,91016,116],{"class":80},[57,91018,1081],{"class":67},[57,91020,4486],{"class":80},[57,91022,1001],{"class":67},[57,91024,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,91026,64],{"class":63},[57,91028,68],{"class":67},[57,91030,6226],{"class":990},[57,91032,68],{"class":67},[57,91034,58170],{"class":63},[57,91036,68],{"class":67},[57,91038,407],{"class":80},[57,91040,1081],{"class":67},[57,91042,1946],{"class":80},[57,91044,1081],{"class":67},[57,91046,292],{"class":76},[57,91048,116],{"class":80},[57,91050,1001],{"class":67},[57,91052,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,91054,64],{"class":63},[57,91056,68],{"class":67},[57,91058,1315],{"class":990},[57,91060,68],{"class":67},[57,91062,58170],{"class":63},[57,91064,68],{"class":67},[57,91066,199],{"class":80},[57,91068,1001],{"class":67},[15,91070,24162],{},[27,91072,91073,91076,91079],{},[30,91074,91075],{},"what values are being created",[30,91077,91078],{},"whether the direction is correct",[30,91080,91081,91082,22770],{},"whether you are working with a ",[19,91083,58170],{},[43,91085,1554],{"id":1553},[616,91087,10848,91089,91091],{"id":91088},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[19,91090,34359],{}," include the last number?",[15,91093,91094],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[616,91096,3280,91098,91100,91101,572],{"id":91097},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[19,91099,89027],{}," start at ",[19,91102,182],{},[15,91104,91105,91106,498],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[19,91107,182],{},[616,91109,3292,91111,91113],{"id":91110},"can-range-count-backward",[19,91112,34359],{}," count backward?",[15,91115,91116,91117,498],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[19,91118,91119],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[616,91121,13050,91123,24197],{"id":91122},"is-range-a-list",[19,91124,34359],{},[15,91126,24200,91127,91129,91130,22091],{},[19,91128,58170],{}," object. Use ",[19,91131,91132],{},"list(range(...))",[616,91134,3280,91136,46852],{"id":91135},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[19,91137,91138],{},"range(input())",[15,91140,91141,1584,91143,498],{},[19,91142,1047],{},[19,91144,91145],{},"int(input())",[43,91147,1602],{"id":1601},[27,91149,91150,91154,91160,91166,91172],{},[30,91151,91152],{},[373,91153,34189],{"href":34188},[30,91155,91156],{},[373,91157,1680,91158,1611],{"href":40523},[19,91159,40526],{},[30,91161,91162],{},[373,91163,1680,91164,1611],{"href":90196},[19,91165,33909],{},[30,91167,91168],{},[373,91169,35681,91170,34770],{"href":34766},[19,91171,33909],{},[30,91173,91174],{},[373,91175,48692,91176],{"href":48691},[19,91177,48695],{},[1634,91179,91180],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":91182},[91183,91184,91186,91192,91200,91207,91209,91221,91222,91234],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":89036,"depth":87,"text":91185},"What range() does",{"id":89129,"depth":87,"text":91187,"children":91188},"range() syntax",[91189,91190,91191],{"id":89209,"depth":103,"text":89212},{"id":89273,"depth":103,"text":89276},{"id":89341,"depth":103,"text":89344},{"id":89412,"depth":87,"text":89413,"children":91193},[91194,91195,91196,91197,91198],{"id":89419,"depth":103,"text":89027},{"id":89482,"depth":103,"text":89485},{"id":89546,"depth":103,"text":89549},{"id":89622,"depth":103,"text":89623},{"id":74986,"depth":103,"text":91199},"step cannot be 0",{"id":89781,"depth":87,"text":91201,"children":91202},"Using range() in a for loop",[91203,91204,91205],{"id":89883,"depth":103,"text":89884},{"id":89928,"depth":103,"text":89929},{"id":90008,"depth":103,"text":91206},"range() and indexing",{"id":90283,"depth":87,"text":91208},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":91210},[91211,91212,91214,91215,91217,91219],{"id":90466,"depth":103,"text":90467},{"id":90562,"depth":103,"text":91213},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":90628,"depth":103,"text":90629},{"id":90763,"depth":103,"text":91216},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":90820,"depth":103,"text":91218},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":90854,"depth":103,"text":91220},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":90958,"depth":87,"text":90959},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":91223},[91224,91226,91228,91230,91232],{"id":91088,"depth":103,"text":91225},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":91097,"depth":103,"text":91227},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":91110,"depth":103,"text":91229},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":91122,"depth":103,"text":91231},"Is range() a list?",{"id":91135,"depth":103,"text":91233},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":88930,"description":91235},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":91242,"title":91243,"body":91244,"description":92917,"extension":1666,"meta":92918,"navigation":317,"path":92919,"seo":92920,"stem":92921,"__hash__":92922},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":8,"value":91245,"toc":92890},[91246,91255,91262,91279,91295,91297,91346,91354,91358,91361,91381,91383,91447,91449,91492,91495,91541,91543,91576,91586,91592,91600,91617,91619,91650,91652,91677,91682,91693,91696,91766,91768,91799,91804,91809,91826,91828,91879,91881,91914,91917,91924,91929,91933,91949,91951,91995,91997,92043,92046,92059,92064,92068,92082,92084,92135,92137,92170,92175,92177,92184,92186,92209,92211,92276,92278,92295,92298,92331,92333,92361,92371,92378,92382,92385,92403,92406,92434,92437,92455,92460,92466,92469,92491,92493,92521,92523,92526,92551,92554,92667,92669,92748,92750,92756,92761,92769,92777,92781,92784,92786,92819,92821,92829,92835,92842,92849,92852,92854,92887],[11,91247,1680,91249,8724,91251,91254],{"id":91248},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[19,91250,34359],{},[19,91252,91253],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[15,91256,91257,2511,91259,91261],{},[19,91258,34359],{},[19,91260,91253],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[27,91263,91264,91272],{},[30,91265,91266,91268,91269],{},[19,91267,34359],{}," creates a ",[1854,91270,91271],{},"range object",[30,91273,91274,91268,91276],{},[19,91275,91253],{},[1854,91277,91278],{},"real list",[15,91280,91281,91282,91284,91285,91288,91289,91291,91292,91294],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[19,91283,89027],{}," to behave exactly like ",[19,91286,91287],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[19,91290,34359],{}," for looping, and only use ",[19,91293,91253],{}," when you actually need a list.",[43,91296,1714],{"id":1713},[48,91298,91300],{"className":50,"code":91299,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,91301,91302,91316,91329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91303,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91305,1724],{"class":285},[57,91307,289],{"class":76},[57,91309,52240],{"class":63},[57,91311,68],{"class":67},[57,91313,199],{"class":80},[57,91315,242],{"class":67},[57,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91319,64],{"class":63},[57,91321,68],{"class":67},[57,91323,1756],{"class":238},[57,91325,1769],{"class":67},[57,91327,91328],{"class":1772},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[57,91330,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,91332,64],{"class":63},[57,91334,68],{"class":67},[57,91336,6226],{"class":990},[57,91338,68],{"class":67},[57,91340,1756],{"class":238},[57,91342,3485],{"class":67},[57,91344,91345],{"class":1772},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,91347,154,91348,91350,91351,91353],{},[19,91349,34359],{}," for looping. Use ",[19,91352,91253],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[43,91355,91357],{"id":91356},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[15,91359,91360],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[27,91362,91363,91370,91375,91378],{},[30,91364,91365,20127,91367,91369],{},[19,91366,34359],{},[1854,91368,91271],{},", not a list",[30,91371,91372,91374],{},[19,91373,91253],{}," converts that range object into a list",[30,91376,91377],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[30,91379,91380],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[15,91382,275],{},[48,91384,91386],{"className":50,"code":91385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[19,91387,91388,91403,91422,91426,91436],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91389,91390,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91391,91392],{"class":285},"r ",[57,91394,289],{"class":76},[57,91396,52240],{"class":63},[57,91398,68],{"class":67},[57,91400,199],{"class":80},[57,91402,242],{"class":67},[57,91404,91405,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91406,91407],{"class":285},"lst ",[57,91409,289],{"class":76},[57,91411,20712],{"class":990},[57,91413,68],{"class":67},[57,91415,58170],{"class":63},[57,91417,68],{"class":67},[57,91419,199],{"class":80},[57,91421,84],{"class":67},[57,91423,91424],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,91425,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,91427,91428,91430,91432,91434],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,91429,64],{"class":63},[57,91431,68],{"class":67},[57,91433,58677],{"class":238},[57,91435,242],{"class":67},[57,91437,91438,91440,91442,91445],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,91439,64],{"class":63},[57,91441,68],{"class":67},[57,91443,91444],{"class":238},"lst",[57,91446,242],{"class":67},[15,91448,131],{},[48,91450,91452],{"className":50,"code":91451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,91453,91454,91468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91455,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91457,58170],{"class":63},[57,91459,68],{"class":67},[57,91461,182],{"class":80},[57,91463,1081],{"class":67},[57,91465,2724],{"class":80},[57,91467,242],{"class":67},[57,91469,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91471,2015],{"class":67},[57,91473,182],{"class":80},[57,91475,1081],{"class":67},[57,91477,3622],{"class":80},[57,91479,1081],{"class":67},[57,91481,1084],{"class":80},[57,91483,1081],{"class":67},[57,91485,530],{"class":80},[57,91487,1081],{"class":67},[57,91489,536],{"class":80},[57,91491,1742],{"class":67},[15,91493,91494],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[48,91496,91498],{"className":50,"code":91497,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[19,91499,91500,91518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91501,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91503,64],{"class":63},[57,91505,68],{"class":67},[57,91507,1315],{"class":990},[57,91509,68],{"class":67},[57,91511,58170],{"class":63},[57,91513,68],{"class":67},[57,91515,199],{"class":80},[57,91517,1001],{"class":67},[57,91519,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91521,64],{"class":63},[57,91523,68],{"class":67},[57,91525,1315],{"class":990},[57,91527,68],{"class":67},[57,91529,6226],{"class":990},[57,91531,68],{"class":67},[57,91533,58170],{"class":63},[57,91535,68],{"class":67},[57,91537,199],{"class":80},[57,91539,91540],{"class":67},"))))\n",[15,91542,131],{},[48,91544,91546],{"className":50,"code":91545,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[19,91547,91548,91562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91549,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91551,1384],{"class":76},[57,91553,1387],{"class":125},[57,91555,1390],{"class":938},[57,91557,58170],{"class":942},[57,91559,1395],{"class":938},[57,91561,1398],{"class":76},[57,91563,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91565,1384],{"class":76},[57,91567,1387],{"class":125},[57,91569,1390],{"class":938},[57,91571,6226],{"class":942},[57,91573,1395],{"class":938},[57,91575,1398],{"class":76},[15,91577,91578,91579,91581,91582,498],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[19,91580,34359],{}," works, see ",[373,91583,1680,91584,1611],{"href":91237},[19,91585,34359],{},[43,91587,1787,91589,91591],{"id":91588},"what-range-gives-you",[19,91590,34359],{}," gives you",[15,91593,91594,91596,91597,91599],{},[19,91595,34359],{}," is most often used in ",[19,91598,4083],{}," loops.",[27,91601,91602,91605,91608,91611],{},[30,91603,91604],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[30,91606,91607],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[30,91609,91610],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[30,91612,91613,91614],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[19,91615,91616],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[15,91618,275],{},[48,91620,91622],{"className":50,"code":91621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[19,91623,91624,91640],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91625,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91627,4083],{"class":1990},[57,91629,67721],{"class":285},[57,91631,1997],{"class":1990},[57,91633,52240],{"class":63},[57,91635,68],{"class":67},[57,91637,199],{"class":80},[57,91639,6475],{"class":67},[57,91641,91642,91644,91646,91648],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91643,6201],{"class":63},[57,91645,68],{"class":67},[57,91647,34315],{"class":238},[57,91649,242],{"class":67},[15,91651,131],{},[48,91653,91655],{"className":50,"code":91654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[19,91656,91657,91661,91665,91669,91673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91658,91659],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91660,45419],{"class":80},[57,91662,91663],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91664,45084],{"class":80},[57,91666,91667],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,91668,15205],{"class":80},[57,91670,91671],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,91672,44784],{"class":80},[57,91674,91675],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,91676,46818],{"class":80},[15,91678,18922,91679,91681],{},[19,91680,89027],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[15,91683,91684,91685,91687,91688,498],{},"This is one reason ",[19,91686,34359],{}," is so common with ",[373,91689,1680,91691,89058],{"href":91690},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[19,91692,4083],{},[15,91694,91695],{},"You can also inspect it:",[48,91697,91699],{"className":50,"code":91698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[19,91700,91701,91723,91727,91737,91751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91702,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91704,91392],{"class":285},[57,91706,289],{"class":76},[57,91708,52240],{"class":63},[57,91710,68],{"class":67},[57,91712,116],{"class":80},[57,91714,1081],{"class":67},[57,91716,4130],{"class":80},[57,91718,1081],{"class":67},[57,91720,1084],{"class":80},[57,91722,242],{"class":67},[57,91724,91725],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91726,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,91728,91729,91731,91733,91735],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,91730,64],{"class":63},[57,91732,68],{"class":67},[57,91734,58677],{"class":238},[57,91736,242],{"class":67},[57,91738,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,91740,64],{"class":63},[57,91742,68],{"class":67},[57,91744,9302],{"class":63},[57,91746,68],{"class":67},[57,91748,58677],{"class":238},[57,91750,84],{"class":67},[57,91752,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91764],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,91754,64],{"class":63},[57,91756,68],{"class":67},[57,91758,78767],{"class":80},[57,91760,19325],{"class":1990},[57,91762,91763],{"class":238}," r",[57,91765,242],{"class":67},[15,91767,131],{},[48,91769,91771],{"className":50,"code":91770,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[19,91772,91773,91791,91795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91774,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91776,58170],{"class":63},[57,91778,68],{"class":67},[57,91780,116],{"class":80},[57,91782,1081],{"class":67},[57,91784,4130],{"class":80},[57,91786,1081],{"class":67},[57,91788,1084],{"class":80},[57,91790,242],{"class":67},[57,91792,91793],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91794,46818],{"class":80},[57,91796,91797],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,91798,2095],{"class":1965},[43,91800,1787,91802,91591],{"id":91801},"what-listrange-gives-you",[19,91803,91253],{},[15,91805,91806,91808],{},[19,91807,91253],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[27,91810,91811,91814,91817,91820],{},[30,91812,91813],{},"It creates all values at once",[30,91815,91816],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[30,91818,91819],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[30,91821,91822,91823,91825],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[19,91824,34359],{}," for very large sequences",[15,91827,275],{},[48,91829,91831],{"className":50,"code":91830,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[19,91832,91833,91851,91855,91865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91834,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91836,1724],{"class":285},[57,91838,289],{"class":76},[57,91840,20712],{"class":990},[57,91842,68],{"class":67},[57,91844,58170],{"class":63},[57,91846,68],{"class":67},[57,91848,199],{"class":80},[57,91850,84],{"class":67},[57,91852,91853],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91854,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,91858,64],{"class":63},[57,91860,68],{"class":67},[57,91862,1756],{"class":238},[57,91864,242],{"class":67},[57,91866,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,91868,64],{"class":63},[57,91870,68],{"class":67},[57,91872,1756],{"class":238},[57,91874,2015],{"class":67},[57,91876,116],{"class":80},[57,91878,2003],{"class":67},[15,91880,131],{},[48,91882,91884],{"className":50,"code":91883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[19,91885,91886,91910],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91887,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91889,2015],{"class":67},[57,91891,182],{"class":80},[57,91893,1081],{"class":67},[57,91895,3622],{"class":80},[57,91897,1081],{"class":67},[57,91899,1084],{"class":80},[57,91901,1081],{"class":67},[57,91903,530],{"class":80},[57,91905,1081],{"class":67},[57,91907,536],{"class":80},[57,91909,1742],{"class":67},[57,91911,91912],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91913,15205],{"class":80},[15,91915,91916],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[15,91918,91919,91920,498],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[373,91921,1680,91922,1611],{"href":63020},[19,91923,22934],{},[43,91925,3082,91927],{"id":91926},"when-to-use-range",[19,91928,34359],{},[15,91930,154,91931,8740],{},[19,91932,34359],{},[27,91934,91935,91940,91943,91946],{},[30,91936,91937,91938,89787],{},"You are writing a ",[19,91939,4083],{},[30,91941,91942],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[30,91944,91945],{},"You are working with large sequences",[30,91947,91948],{},"You do not need a real list",[15,91950,275],{},[48,91952,91954],{"className":50,"code":91953,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[19,91955,91956,91976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91957,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91959,4083],{"class":1990},[57,91961,67721],{"class":285},[57,91963,1997],{"class":1990},[57,91965,52240],{"class":63},[57,91967,68],{"class":67},[57,91969,1078],{"class":80},[57,91971,1081],{"class":67},[57,91973,35806],{"class":80},[57,91975,6475],{"class":67},[57,91977,91978,91980,91982,91984,91987,91989,91991,91993],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,91979,6201],{"class":63},[57,91981,68],{"class":67},[57,91983,939],{"class":938},[57,91985,91986],{"class":942},"Count:",[57,91988,939],{"class":938},[57,91990,1081],{"class":67},[57,91992,34290],{"class":238},[57,91994,242],{"class":67},[15,91996,131],{},[48,91998,92000],{"className":50,"code":91999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[19,92001,92002,92011,92019,92027,92035],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92003,92004,92007,92009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92005,92006],{"class":285},"Count",[57,92008,972],{"class":67},[57,92010,27770],{"class":80},[57,92012,92013,92015,92017],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92014,92006],{"class":285},[57,92016,972],{"class":67},[57,92018,43756],{"class":80},[57,92020,92021,92023,92025],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,92022,92006],{"class":285},[57,92024,972],{"class":67},[57,92026,659],{"class":80},[57,92028,92029,92031,92033],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,92030,92006],{"class":285},[57,92032,972],{"class":67},[57,92034,21816],{"class":80},[57,92036,92037,92039,92041],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,92038,92006],{"class":285},[57,92040,972],{"class":67},[57,92042,33001],{"class":80},[15,92044,92045],{},"This is the most common use.",[15,92047,92048,92049,92051,92052,60460,92054,498],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[19,92050,33909],{}," is often a better choice than ",[19,92053,34760],{},[373,92055,34767,92057,34770],{"href":92056},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[19,92058,33909],{},[43,92060,3082,92062],{"id":92061},"when-to-use-listrange",[19,92063,91253],{},[15,92065,154,92066,8740],{},[19,92067,91253],{},[27,92069,92070,92073,92076,92079],{},[30,92071,92072],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[30,92074,92075],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[30,92077,92078],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[30,92080,92081],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[15,92083,275],{},[48,92085,92087],{"className":50,"code":92086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,92088,92089,92107,92121,92125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92090,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92092,1724],{"class":285},[57,92094,289],{"class":76},[57,92096,20712],{"class":990},[57,92098,68],{"class":67},[57,92100,58170],{"class":63},[57,92102,68],{"class":67},[57,92104,199],{"class":80},[57,92106,84],{"class":67},[57,92108,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92110,1756],{"class":285},[57,92112,498],{"class":67},[57,92114,11699],{"class":238},[57,92116,68],{"class":67},[57,92118,199],{"class":80},[57,92120,242],{"class":67},[57,92122,92123],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,92124,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,92126,92127,92129,92131,92133],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,92128,64],{"class":63},[57,92130,68],{"class":67},[57,92132,1756],{"class":238},[57,92134,242],{"class":67},[15,92136,131],{},[48,92138,92140],{"className":50,"code":92139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[19,92141,92142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92143,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92145,2015],{"class":67},[57,92147,182],{"class":80},[57,92149,1081],{"class":67},[57,92151,3622],{"class":80},[57,92153,1081],{"class":67},[57,92155,1084],{"class":80},[57,92157,1081],{"class":67},[57,92159,530],{"class":80},[57,92161,1081],{"class":67},[57,92163,536],{"class":80},[57,92165,1081],{"class":67},[57,92167,2724],{"class":80},[57,92169,1742],{"class":67},[15,92171,4186,92172,92174],{},[19,92173,1756],{}," is a list.",[43,92176,13744],{"id":13743},[15,92178,92179,92181,92182,498],{},[19,92180,34359],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[1854,92183,35760],{},[15,92185,169],{},[27,92187,92188,92190,92195,92200,92203],{},[30,92189,20137],{},[30,92191,92192,92193],{},"You can check its length with ",[19,92194,40526],{},[30,92196,92197,92198],{},"You can test membership with ",[19,92199,1997],{},[30,92201,92202],{},"You can index it",[30,92204,92205,92206,92208],{},"But list methods such as ",[19,92207,50822],{}," do not work on it",[15,92210,275],{},[48,92212,92214],{"className":50,"code":92213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[19,92215,92216,92230,92234,92248,92262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92217,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92219,91392],{"class":285},[57,92221,289],{"class":76},[57,92223,52240],{"class":63},[57,92225,68],{"class":67},[57,92227,199],{"class":80},[57,92229,242],{"class":67},[57,92231,92232],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92233,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,92235,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,92237,64],{"class":63},[57,92239,68],{"class":67},[57,92241,58677],{"class":238},[57,92243,2015],{"class":67},[57,92245,116],{"class":80},[57,92247,2003],{"class":67},[57,92249,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,92251,64],{"class":63},[57,92253,68],{"class":67},[57,92255,9302],{"class":63},[57,92257,68],{"class":67},[57,92259,58677],{"class":238},[57,92261,84],{"class":67},[57,92263,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,92265,64],{"class":63},[57,92267,68],{"class":67},[57,92269,122],{"class":80},[57,92271,19325],{"class":1990},[57,92273,91763],{"class":238},[57,92275,242],{"class":67},[15,92277,131],{},[48,92279,92281],{"className":50,"code":92280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[19,92282,92283,92287,92291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92284,92285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92286,15205],{"class":80},[57,92288,92289],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92290,1036],{"class":80},[57,92292,92293],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,92294,2095],{"class":1965},[15,92296,92297],{},"Now compare that with this:",[48,92299,92301],{"className":50,"code":92300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[19,92302,92303,92317],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92304,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92306,91392],{"class":285},[57,92308,289],{"class":76},[57,92310,52240],{"class":63},[57,92312,68],{"class":67},[57,92314,199],{"class":80},[57,92316,242],{"class":67},[57,92318,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92320,58677],{"class":285},[57,92322,498],{"class":67},[57,92324,11699],{"class":238},[57,92326,68],{"class":67},[57,92328,199],{"class":80},[57,92330,242],{"class":67},[15,92332,131],{},[48,92334,92336],{"className":50,"code":92335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[19,92337,92338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92339,92340,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350,92352,92355,92357,92359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92341,23825],{"class":990},[57,92343,972],{"class":67},[57,92345,1390],{"class":938},[57,92347,58170],{"class":942},[57,92349,1395],{"class":938},[57,92351,22770],{"class":990},[57,92353,92354],{"class":285}," has no attribute ",[57,92356,1395],{"class":938},[57,92358,11699],{"class":942},[57,92360,27855],{"class":938},[15,92362,92363,92364,256,92366,260,92368,92370],{},"If you need methods like ",[19,92365,50822],{},[19,92367,53699],{},[19,92369,62484],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[15,92372,92373,92374,498],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[373,92375,23833,92376],{"href":33579},[19,92377,32413],{},[43,92379,92381],{"id":92380},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[15,92383,92384],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[48,92386,92387],{"className":50,"code":90863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,92388,92389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92390,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92392,64],{"class":63},[57,92394,68],{"class":67},[57,92396,58170],{"class":63},[57,92398,68],{"class":67},[57,92400,199],{"class":80},[57,92402,84],{"class":67},[15,92404,92405],{},"to show:",[48,92407,92408],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,92409,92410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92411,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92413,2015],{"class":67},[57,92415,182],{"class":80},[57,92417,1081],{"class":67},[57,92419,3622],{"class":80},[57,92421,1081],{"class":67},[57,92423,1084],{"class":80},[57,92425,1081],{"class":67},[57,92427,530],{"class":80},[57,92429,1081],{"class":67},[57,92431,536],{"class":80},[57,92433,1742],{"class":67},[15,92435,92436],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[48,92438,92439],{"className":50,"code":90884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,92440,92441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92442,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92444,58170],{"class":63},[57,92446,68],{"class":67},[57,92448,182],{"class":80},[57,92450,1081],{"class":67},[57,92452,2724],{"class":80},[57,92454,242],{"class":67},[15,92456,2747,92457,92459],{},[1854,92458,2750],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[15,92461,92462,92463,92465],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[1854,92464,91271],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[15,92467,92468],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[48,92470,92471],{"className":50,"code":89220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,92472,92473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92474,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92476,64],{"class":63},[57,92478,68],{"class":67},[57,92480,6226],{"class":990},[57,92482,68],{"class":67},[57,92484,58170],{"class":63},[57,92486,68],{"class":67},[57,92488,199],{"class":80},[57,92490,1001],{"class":67},[15,92492,131],{},[48,92494,92495],{"className":50,"code":58193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,92496,92497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92498,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92500,2015],{"class":67},[57,92502,182],{"class":80},[57,92504,1081],{"class":67},[57,92506,3622],{"class":80},[57,92508,1081],{"class":67},[57,92510,1084],{"class":80},[57,92512,1081],{"class":67},[57,92514,530],{"class":80},[57,92516,1081],{"class":67},[57,92518,536],{"class":80},[57,92520,1742],{"class":67},[43,92522,913],{"id":912},[15,92524,92525],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[27,92527,92528,92534,92537,92543],{},[30,92529,6551,92530,92533],{},[19,92531,92532],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[30,92535,92536],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[30,92538,92539,92540,92542],{},"Not realizing that ",[19,92541,34359],{}," is iterable but not a list",[30,92544,6551,92545,92547,92548,92550],{},[19,92546,91253],{}," when plain ",[19,92549,34359],{}," would be simpler",[15,92552,92553],{},"These quick checks can help:",[48,92555,92557],{"className":50,"code":92556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[19,92558,92559,92573,92591,92609,92631,92649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92560,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92562,64],{"class":63},[57,92564,68],{"class":67},[57,92566,58170],{"class":63},[57,92568,68],{"class":67},[57,92570,199],{"class":80},[57,92572,84],{"class":67},[57,92574,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92576,64],{"class":63},[57,92578,68],{"class":67},[57,92580,6226],{"class":990},[57,92582,68],{"class":67},[57,92584,58170],{"class":63},[57,92586,68],{"class":67},[57,92588,199],{"class":80},[57,92590,1001],{"class":67},[57,92592,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,92594,64],{"class":63},[57,92596,68],{"class":67},[57,92598,1315],{"class":990},[57,92600,68],{"class":67},[57,92602,58170],{"class":63},[57,92604,68],{"class":67},[57,92606,199],{"class":80},[57,92608,1001],{"class":67},[57,92610,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,92612,64],{"class":63},[57,92614,68],{"class":67},[57,92616,1315],{"class":990},[57,92618,68],{"class":67},[57,92620,6226],{"class":990},[57,92622,68],{"class":67},[57,92624,58170],{"class":63},[57,92626,68],{"class":67},[57,92628,199],{"class":80},[57,92630,91540],{"class":67},[57,92632,92633,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645,92647],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,92634,64],{"class":63},[57,92636,68],{"class":67},[57,92638,122],{"class":80},[57,92640,19325],{"class":1990},[57,92642,52240],{"class":63},[57,92644,68],{"class":67},[57,92646,199],{"class":80},[57,92648,84],{"class":67},[57,92650,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,92652,64],{"class":63},[57,92654,68],{"class":67},[57,92656,9302],{"class":63},[57,92658,68],{"class":67},[57,92660,58170],{"class":63},[57,92662,68],{"class":67},[57,92664,199],{"class":80},[57,92666,1001],{"class":67},[15,92668,131],{},[48,92670,92672],{"className":50,"code":92671,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[19,92673,92674,92688,92712,92726,92740,92744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92675,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684,92686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92677,58170],{"class":63},[57,92679,68],{"class":67},[57,92681,182],{"class":80},[57,92683,1081],{"class":67},[57,92685,2724],{"class":80},[57,92687,242],{"class":67},[57,92689,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92691,2015],{"class":67},[57,92693,182],{"class":80},[57,92695,1081],{"class":67},[57,92697,3622],{"class":80},[57,92699,1081],{"class":67},[57,92701,1084],{"class":80},[57,92703,1081],{"class":67},[57,92705,530],{"class":80},[57,92707,1081],{"class":67},[57,92709,536],{"class":80},[57,92711,1742],{"class":67},[57,92713,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,92715,1384],{"class":76},[57,92717,1387],{"class":125},[57,92719,1390],{"class":938},[57,92721,58170],{"class":942},[57,92723,1395],{"class":938},[57,92725,1398],{"class":76},[57,92727,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,92729,1384],{"class":76},[57,92731,1387],{"class":125},[57,92733,1390],{"class":938},[57,92735,6226],{"class":942},[57,92737,1395],{"class":938},[57,92739,1398],{"class":76},[57,92741,92742],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,92743,2095],{"class":1965},[57,92745,92746],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,92747,1036],{"class":80},[43,92749,1554],{"id":1553},[616,92751,13050,92753,92755],{"id":92752},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[19,92754,34359],{}," a list in Python?",[15,92757,44532,92758,92760],{},[19,92759,34359],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[616,92762,92764,92765,9232,92767,572],{"id":92763},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[19,92766,34359],{},[19,92768,91253],{},[15,92770,92771,92773,92774,92776],{},[19,92772,34359],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[19,92775,91253],{}," creates a full list.",[616,92778,92780],{"id":92779},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[15,92782,92783],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[15,92785,275],{},[48,92787,92789],{"className":50,"code":92788,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[19,92790,92791,92805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92792,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92794,91392],{"class":285},[57,92796,289],{"class":76},[57,92798,52240],{"class":63},[57,92800,68],{"class":67},[57,92802,199],{"class":80},[57,92804,242],{"class":67},[57,92806,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92808,64],{"class":63},[57,92810,68],{"class":67},[57,92812,58677],{"class":238},[57,92814,2015],{"class":67},[57,92816,1078],{"class":80},[57,92818,2003],{"class":67},[15,92820,131],{},[48,92822,92823],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,92824,92825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92826,92827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92828,45084],{"class":80},[616,92830,3280,92832,92834],{"id":92831},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[19,92833,92532],{}," not show all numbers?",[15,92836,92837,92838,92841],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[19,92839,92840],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[616,92843,92845,92846,92848],{"id":92844},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[19,92847,34359],{}," to a list?",[15,92850,92851],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[43,92853,1602],{"id":1601},[27,92855,92856,92862,92868,92875,92881],{},[30,92857,92858],{},[373,92859,1680,92860,1611],{"href":91237},[19,92861,34359],{},[30,92863,92864],{},[373,92865,1680,92866,1611],{"href":63020},[19,92867,22934],{},[30,92869,92870],{},[373,92871,1680,92872,92874],{"href":91690},[19,92873,4083],{}," loops explained",[30,92876,92877],{},[373,92878,35681,92879,34770],{"href":92056},[19,92880,33909],{},[30,92882,92883],{},[373,92884,24276,92885],{"href":33579},[19,92886,32413],{},[1634,92888,92889],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":92891},[92892,92893,92894,92896,92898,92900,92902,92903,92904,92905,92916],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":91356,"depth":87,"text":91357},{"id":91588,"depth":87,"text":92895},"What range() gives you",{"id":91801,"depth":87,"text":92897},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":91926,"depth":87,"text":92899},"When to use range()",{"id":92061,"depth":87,"text":92901},"When to use list(range())",{"id":13743,"depth":87,"text":13744},{"id":92380,"depth":87,"text":92381},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":92906},[92907,92909,92911,92912,92914],{"id":92752,"depth":103,"text":92908},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":92763,"depth":103,"text":92910},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":92779,"depth":103,"text":92780},{"id":92831,"depth":103,"text":92913},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":92844,"depth":103,"text":92915},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":91243,"description":92917},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":92924,"title":92925,"body":92926,"description":94362,"extension":1666,"meta":94363,"navigation":317,"path":94364,"seo":94365,"stem":94366,"__hash__":94367},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":92927,"toc":94328},[92928,92934,92939,92942,92956,92959,92961,93000,93002,93015,93023,93028,93044,93047,93049,93051,93072,93089,93092,93151,93153,93172,93177,93183,93186,93220,93222,93235,93238,93283,93285,93308,93315,93321,93324,93365,93367,93381,93384,93442,93444,93459,93472,93478,93484,93549,93551,93570,93572,93590,93593,93597,93603,93605,93638,93640,93653,93663,93666,93727,93729,93750,93753,93755,93771,93776,93780,93785,93790,93846,93848,93866,93869,93914,93916,93924,93929,93933,93947,93949,93981,93983,93992,93994,93998,94007,94010,94042,94044,94056,94059,94063,94068,94109,94111,94119,94122,94145,94149,94151,94160,94163,94216,94218,94227,94231,94236,94247,94249,94258,94261,94267,94270,94276,94286,94294,94301,94303,94325],[11,92929,1680,92931,1684],{"id":92930},"python-round-function-explained",[19,92932,92933],{},"round()",[15,92935,7259,92936,92938],{},[19,92937,92933],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[15,92940,92941],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[27,92943,92944,92950],{},[30,92945,92946,92949],{},[19,92947,92948],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[30,92951,92952,92955],{},[19,92953,92954],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[15,92957,92958],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[43,92960,46],{"id":45},[48,92962,92964],{"className":50,"code":92963,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[19,92965,92966,92982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92967,92968,92970,92972,92975,92977,92980],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92969,64],{"class":63},[57,92971,68],{"class":67},[57,92973,92974],{"class":63},"round",[57,92976,68],{"class":67},[57,92978,92979],{"class":80},"3.14159",[57,92981,84],{"class":67},[57,92983,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,92985,64],{"class":63},[57,92987,68],{"class":67},[57,92989,92974],{"class":63},[57,92991,68],{"class":67},[57,92993,92979],{"class":80},[57,92995,1081],{"class":67},[57,92997,1084],{"class":80},[57,92999,84],{"class":67},[15,93001,131],{},[48,93003,93005],{"className":50,"code":93004,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3.14\n",[19,93006,93007,93011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93008,93009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93010,44784],{"class":80},[57,93012,93013],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93014,38341],{"class":80},[15,93016,154,93017,93019,93020,93022],{},[19,93018,92948],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[19,93021,92954],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[43,93024,1787,93026,1790],{"id":93025},"what-round-does",[19,93027,92933],{},[27,93029,93030,93035,93038,93041],{},[30,93031,93032,93034],{},[19,93033,92933],{}," is a built-in Python function",[30,93036,93037],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[30,93039,93040],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[30,93042,93043],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[15,93045,93046],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[43,93048,221],{"id":220},[15,93050,224],{},[48,93052,93054],{"className":50,"code":93053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[19,93055,93056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93057,93058,93060,93062,93064,93067,93070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93059,92974],{"class":63},[57,93061,68],{"class":67},[57,93063,310],{"class":238},[57,93065,93066],{"class":67},"[,",[57,93068,93069],{"class":238}," ndigits",[57,93071,2003],{"class":67},[27,93073,93074,93079,93084],{},[30,93075,93076,93078],{},[19,93077,310],{}," is the value to round",[30,93080,93081,18190],{},[19,93082,93083],{},"ndigits",[30,93085,93086,93088],{},[19,93087,93083],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[15,93090,93091],{},"Basic examples:",[48,93093,93095],{"className":50,"code":93094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[19,93096,93097,93112,93130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93098,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107,93110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93100,64],{"class":63},[57,93102,68],{"class":67},[57,93104,92974],{"class":63},[57,93106,68],{"class":67},[57,93108,93109],{"class":80},"7.8",[57,93111,84],{"class":67},[57,93113,93114,93116,93118,93120,93122,93124,93126,93128],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93115,64],{"class":63},[57,93117,68],{"class":67},[57,93119,92974],{"class":63},[57,93121,68],{"class":67},[57,93123,93109],{"class":80},[57,93125,1081],{"class":67},[57,93127,3622],{"class":80},[57,93129,84],{"class":67},[57,93131,93132,93134,93136,93138,93140,93143,93145,93147,93149],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93133,64],{"class":63},[57,93135,68],{"class":67},[57,93137,92974],{"class":63},[57,93139,68],{"class":67},[57,93141,93142],{"class":80},"1234",[57,93144,1081],{"class":67},[57,93146,292],{"class":76},[57,93148,116],{"class":80},[57,93150,84],{"class":67},[15,93152,131],{},[48,93154,93156],{"className":50,"code":93155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[19,93157,93158,93162,93167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93159,93160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93161,458],{"class":80},[57,93163,93164],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93165,93166],{"class":80},"7.8\n",[57,93168,93169],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93170,93171],{"class":80},"1200\n",[15,93173,93174,93175,498],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[373,93176,497],{"href":496},[43,93178,6551,93180,93182],{"id":93179},"using-round-with-one-argument",[19,93181,92933],{}," with one argument",[15,93184,93185],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[48,93187,93189],{"className":50,"code":93188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[19,93190,93191,93205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93192,93193,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93194,64],{"class":63},[57,93196,68],{"class":67},[57,93198,92974],{"class":63},[57,93200,68],{"class":67},[57,93202,439],{"class":80},[57,93204,84],{"class":67},[57,93206,93207,93209,93211,93213,93215,93218],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93208,64],{"class":63},[57,93210,68],{"class":67},[57,93212,92974],{"class":63},[57,93214,68],{"class":67},[57,93216,93217],{"class":80},"4.8",[57,93219,84],{"class":67},[15,93221,131],{},[48,93223,93225],{"className":50,"code":93224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n5\n",[19,93226,93227,93231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93228,93229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93230,46818],{"class":80},[57,93232,93233],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93234,1036],{"class":80},[15,93236,93237],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[48,93239,93241],{"className":50,"code":93240,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,93242,93243,93259,93269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93244,93245,93247,93249,93252,93254,93257],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93246,300],{"class":285},[57,93248,289],{"class":76},[57,93250,93251],{"class":63}," round",[57,93253,68],{"class":67},[57,93255,93256],{"class":80},"10.2",[57,93258,242],{"class":67},[57,93260,93261,93263,93265,93267],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93262,64],{"class":63},[57,93264,68],{"class":67},[57,93266,339],{"class":238},[57,93268,242],{"class":67},[57,93270,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279,93281],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93272,64],{"class":63},[57,93274,68],{"class":67},[57,93276,1315],{"class":990},[57,93278,68],{"class":67},[57,93280,339],{"class":238},[57,93282,84],{"class":67},[15,93284,131],{},[48,93286,93288],{"className":50,"code":93287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[19,93289,93290,93294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93291,93292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93293,453],{"class":80},[57,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93297,1384],{"class":76},[57,93299,1387],{"class":125},[57,93301,1390],{"class":938},[57,93303,255],{"class":942},[57,93305,1395],{"class":938},[57,93307,1398],{"class":76},[15,93309,93310,93311,498],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[373,93312,1680,93313,1611],{"href":961},[19,93314,964],{},[43,93316,6551,93318,93320],{"id":93317},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[19,93319,92933],{}," with decimal places",[15,93322,93323],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[48,93325,93327],{"className":50,"code":93326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[19,93328,93329,93347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93330,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93332,64],{"class":63},[57,93334,68],{"class":67},[57,93336,92974],{"class":63},[57,93338,68],{"class":67},[57,93340,92979],{"class":80},[57,93342,1081],{"class":67},[57,93344,1084],{"class":80},[57,93346,84],{"class":67},[57,93348,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93350,64],{"class":63},[57,93352,68],{"class":67},[57,93354,92974],{"class":63},[57,93356,68],{"class":67},[57,93358,92979],{"class":80},[57,93360,1081],{"class":67},[57,93362,530],{"class":80},[57,93364,84],{"class":67},[15,93366,131],{},[48,93368,93370],{"className":50,"code":93369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n3.142\n",[19,93371,93372,93376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93373,93374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93375,38341],{"class":80},[57,93377,93378],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93379,93380],{"class":80},"3.142\n",[15,93382,93383],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[48,93385,93387],{"className":50,"code":93386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[19,93388,93389,93398,93417,93421,93431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93390,93391,93393,93395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93392,38551],{"class":285},[57,93394,289],{"class":76},[57,93396,93397],{"class":80}," 19.9876\n",[57,93399,93400,93403,93405,93407,93409,93411,93413,93415],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93401,93402],{"class":285},"rounded_price ",[57,93404,289],{"class":76},[57,93406,93251],{"class":63},[57,93408,68],{"class":67},[57,93410,23303],{"class":238},[57,93412,1081],{"class":67},[57,93414,1084],{"class":80},[57,93416,242],{"class":67},[57,93418,93419],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93420,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,93422,93423,93425,93427,93429],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,93424,64],{"class":63},[57,93426,68],{"class":67},[57,93428,23303],{"class":238},[57,93430,242],{"class":67},[57,93432,93433,93435,93437,93440],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,93434,64],{"class":63},[57,93436,68],{"class":67},[57,93438,93439],{"class":238},"rounded_price",[57,93441,242],{"class":67},[15,93443,131],{},[48,93445,93447],{"className":50,"code":93446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[19,93448,93449,93454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93450,93451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93452,93453],{"class":80},"19.9876\n",[57,93455,93456],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93457,93458],{"class":80},"19.99\n",[15,93460,93461,93462,93465,93466,965,93468,498],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[19,93463,93464],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[373,93467,39056],{"href":39055},[373,93469,1680,93470,1611],{"href":968},[19,93471,971],{},[43,93473,93475,93476],{"id":93474},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[19,93477,93083],{},[15,93479,93480,93481,93483],{},"A negative ",[19,93482,93083],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[48,93485,93487],{"className":50,"code":93486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[19,93488,93489,93509,93529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93490,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93492,64],{"class":63},[57,93494,68],{"class":67},[57,93496,92974],{"class":63},[57,93498,68],{"class":67},[57,93500,93142],{"class":80},[57,93502,1081],{"class":67},[57,93504,292],{"class":76},[57,93506,1078],{"class":80},[57,93508,84],{"class":67},[57,93510,93511,93513,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525,93527],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93512,64],{"class":63},[57,93514,68],{"class":67},[57,93516,92974],{"class":63},[57,93518,68],{"class":67},[57,93520,93142],{"class":80},[57,93522,1081],{"class":67},[57,93524,292],{"class":76},[57,93526,116],{"class":80},[57,93528,84],{"class":67},[57,93530,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543,93545,93547],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93532,64],{"class":63},[57,93534,68],{"class":67},[57,93536,92974],{"class":63},[57,93538,68],{"class":67},[57,93540,93142],{"class":80},[57,93542,1081],{"class":67},[57,93544,292],{"class":76},[57,93546,122],{"class":80},[57,93548,84],{"class":67},[15,93550,131],{},[48,93552,93554],{"className":50,"code":93553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[19,93555,93556,93561,93565],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93557,93558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93559,93560],{"class":80},"1230\n",[57,93562,93563],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93564,93171],{"class":80},[57,93566,93567],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93568,93569],{"class":80},"1000\n",[15,93571,63757],{},[27,93573,93574,93579,93585],{},[30,93575,93576,93578],{},[19,93577,64027],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[30,93580,93581,93584],{},[19,93582,93583],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[30,93586,93587,93589],{},[19,93588,45838],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[15,93591,93592],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[43,93594,93596],{"id":93595},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[15,93598,93599,93600,498],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[19,93601,93602],{},".5",[15,93604,3596],{},[48,93606,93608],{"className":50,"code":93607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[19,93609,93610,93624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93611,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93613,64],{"class":63},[57,93615,68],{"class":67},[57,93617,92974],{"class":63},[57,93619,68],{"class":67},[57,93621,39323],{"class":80},[57,93623,84],{"class":67},[57,93625,93626,93628,93630,93632,93634,93636],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93627,64],{"class":63},[57,93629,68],{"class":67},[57,93631,92974],{"class":63},[57,93633,68],{"class":67},[57,93635,98],{"class":80},[57,93637,84],{"class":67},[15,93639,131],{},[48,93641,93643],{"className":50,"code":93642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n4\n",[19,93644,93645,93649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93646,93647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93648,15205],{"class":80},[57,93650,93651],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93652,46818],{"class":80},[15,93654,93655,93656,93659,93660,93662],{},"Python uses ",[1854,93657,93658],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[19,93661,93602],{}," situations.",[15,93664,93665],{},"More examples:",[48,93667,93669],{"className":50,"code":93668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[19,93670,93671,93685,93699,93713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93672,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93674,64],{"class":63},[57,93676,68],{"class":67},[57,93678,92974],{"class":63},[57,93680,68],{"class":67},[57,93682,39336],{"class":80},[57,93684,84],{"class":67},[57,93686,93687,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93688,64],{"class":63},[57,93690,68],{"class":67},[57,93692,92974],{"class":63},[57,93694,68],{"class":67},[57,93696,39323],{"class":80},[57,93698,84],{"class":67},[57,93700,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93702,64],{"class":63},[57,93704,68],{"class":67},[57,93706,92974],{"class":63},[57,93708,68],{"class":67},[57,93710,98],{"class":80},[57,93712,84],{"class":67},[57,93714,93715,93717,93719,93721,93723,93725],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,93716,64],{"class":63},[57,93718,68],{"class":67},[57,93720,92974],{"class":63},[57,93722,68],{"class":67},[57,93724,39288],{"class":80},[57,93726,84],{"class":67},[15,93728,131],{},[48,93730,93732],{"className":50,"code":93731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[19,93733,93734,93738,93742,93746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93735,93736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93737,15205],{"class":80},[57,93739,93740],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93741,15205],{"class":80},[57,93743,93744],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93745,46818],{"class":80},[57,93747,93748],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,93749,46818],{"class":80},[15,93751,93752],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[15,93754,8852],{},[27,93756,93757,93764],{},[30,93758,93759,196,93762],{},[19,93760,93761],{},"round(2.5)",[19,93763,116],{},[30,93765,93766,196,93769],{},[19,93767,93768],{},"round(3.5)",[19,93770,585],{},[15,93772,1262,93773,93775],{},[19,93774,93602],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[43,93777,93779],{"id":93778},"return-values","Return values",[15,93781,93782,93784],{},[19,93783,92933],{}," returns the rounded value.",[15,93786,39070,93787,93789],{},[1854,93788,2750],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[48,93791,93793],{"className":50,"code":93792,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[19,93794,93795,93804,93808,93818,93836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93796,93797,93799,93801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93798,525],{"class":285},[57,93800,289],{"class":76},[57,93802,93803],{"class":80}," 3.14159\n",[57,93805,93806],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93807,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,93809,93810,93812,93814,93816],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93811,64],{"class":63},[57,93813,68],{"class":67},[57,93815,552],{"class":238},[57,93817,242],{"class":67},[57,93819,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,93821,64],{"class":63},[57,93823,68],{"class":67},[57,93825,92974],{"class":63},[57,93827,68],{"class":67},[57,93829,552],{"class":238},[57,93831,1081],{"class":67},[57,93833,1084],{"class":80},[57,93835,84],{"class":67},[57,93837,93838,93840,93842,93844],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,93839,64],{"class":63},[57,93841,68],{"class":67},[57,93843,552],{"class":238},[57,93845,242],{"class":67},[15,93847,131],{},[48,93849,93851],{"className":50,"code":93850,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[19,93852,93853,93858,93862],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93854,93855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93856,93857],{"class":80},"3.14159\n",[57,93859,93860],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93861,38341],{"class":80},[57,93863,93864],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93865,93857],{"class":80},[15,93867,93868],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[48,93870,93872],{"className":50,"code":93871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[19,93873,93874,93882,93900,93904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93875,93876,93878,93880],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93877,525],{"class":285},[57,93879,289],{"class":76},[57,93881,93803],{"class":80},[57,93883,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93885,525],{"class":285},[57,93887,289],{"class":76},[57,93889,93251],{"class":63},[57,93891,68],{"class":67},[57,93893,552],{"class":238},[57,93895,1081],{"class":67},[57,93897,1084],{"class":80},[57,93899,242],{"class":67},[57,93901,93902],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,93903,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,93905,93906,93908,93910,93912],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,93907,64],{"class":63},[57,93909,68],{"class":67},[57,93911,552],{"class":238},[57,93913,242],{"class":67},[15,93915,131],{},[48,93917,93918],{"className":50,"code":38341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,93919,93920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93921,93922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93923,38341],{"class":80},[43,93925,3082,93927],{"id":93926},"when-to-use-round",[19,93928,92933],{},[15,93930,154,93931,4444],{},[19,93932,92933],{},[27,93934,93935,93938,93941,93944],{},[30,93936,93937],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[30,93939,93940],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[30,93942,93943],{},"Round values before reporting results",[30,93945,93946],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[15,93948,3596],{},[48,93950,93952],{"className":50,"code":93951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[19,93953,93954,93963],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93955,93956,93958,93960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93957,678],{"class":285},[57,93959,289],{"class":76},[57,93961,93962],{"class":80}," 12.67891\n",[57,93964,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977,93979],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,93966,64],{"class":63},[57,93968,68],{"class":67},[57,93970,92974],{"class":63},[57,93972,68],{"class":67},[57,93974,701],{"class":238},[57,93976,1081],{"class":67},[57,93978,1084],{"class":80},[57,93980,84],{"class":67},[15,93982,131],{},[48,93984,93986],{"className":50,"code":93985,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"12.68\n",[19,93987,93988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93989,93990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93991,93985],{"class":80},[43,93993,913],{"id":912},[15,93995,21247,93996,498],{},[19,93997,92933],{},[616,93999,6587,94001,94003,94004,94006],{"id":94000},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[19,94002,92933],{}," to always round ",[19,94005,93602],{}," upward",[15,94008,94009],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[48,94011,94012],{"className":50,"code":93607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,94013,94014,94028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94015,94016,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94017,64],{"class":63},[57,94019,68],{"class":67},[57,94021,92974],{"class":63},[57,94023,68],{"class":67},[57,94025,39323],{"class":80},[57,94027,84],{"class":67},[57,94029,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94031,64],{"class":63},[57,94033,68],{"class":67},[57,94035,92974],{"class":63},[57,94037,68],{"class":67},[57,94039,98],{"class":80},[57,94041,84],{"class":67},[15,94043,131],{},[48,94045,94046],{"className":50,"code":93642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,94047,94048,94052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94049,94050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94051,15205],{"class":80},[57,94053,94054],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94055,46818],{"class":80},[15,94057,94058],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[616,94060,94062],{"id":94061},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[15,94064,94065,94067],{},[19,94066,92933],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[48,94069,94071],{"className":50,"code":94070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[19,94072,94073,94081,94095,94099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94074,94075,94077,94079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94076,525],{"class":285},[57,94078,289],{"class":76},[57,94080,93803],{"class":80},[57,94082,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94084,92974],{"class":63},[57,94086,68],{"class":67},[57,94088,552],{"class":238},[57,94090,1081],{"class":67},[57,94092,1084],{"class":80},[57,94094,242],{"class":67},[57,94096,94097],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,94098,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,94100,94101,94103,94105,94107],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,94102,64],{"class":63},[57,94104,68],{"class":67},[57,94106,552],{"class":238},[57,94108,242],{"class":67},[15,94110,131],{},[48,94112,94113],{"className":50,"code":93857,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,94114,94115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94116,94117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94118,93857],{"class":80},[15,94120,94121],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[48,94123,94125],{"className":50,"code":94124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[19,94126,94127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94128,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94130,525],{"class":285},[57,94132,289],{"class":76},[57,94134,93251],{"class":63},[57,94136,68],{"class":67},[57,94138,552],{"class":238},[57,94140,1081],{"class":67},[57,94142,1084],{"class":80},[57,94144,242],{"class":67},[616,94146,94148],{"id":94147},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[15,94150,14549],{},[48,94152,94154],{"className":50,"code":94153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[19,94155,94156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94157,94158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94159,94153],{"class":1772},[15,94161,94162],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[48,94164,94166],{"className":50,"code":94165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[19,94167,94168,94180,94194,94198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94169,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94171,32846],{"class":285},[57,94173,289],{"class":76},[57,94175,1449],{"class":938},[57,94177,38307],{"class":942},[57,94179,1455],{"class":938},[57,94181,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190,94192],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94183,286],{"class":285},[57,94185,289],{"class":76},[57,94187,38419],{"class":990},[57,94189,68],{"class":67},[57,94191,32867],{"class":238},[57,94193,242],{"class":67},[57,94195,94196],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,94197,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,94199,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,94201,64],{"class":63},[57,94203,68],{"class":67},[57,94205,92974],{"class":63},[57,94207,68],{"class":67},[57,94209,310],{"class":238},[57,94211,1081],{"class":67},[57,94213,3622],{"class":80},[57,94215,84],{"class":67},[15,94217,131],{},[48,94219,94221],{"className":50,"code":94220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.1\n",[19,94222,94223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94224,94225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94226,94220],{"class":80},[616,94228,94230],{"id":94229},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[15,94232,94233,94235],{},[19,94234,92933],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[15,94237,94238,94239,965,94243,498],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[373,94240,94241],{"href":968},[19,94242,971],{},[373,94244,94245],{"href":961},[19,94246,964],{},[43,94248,1554],{"id":1553},[616,94250,10848,94252,94254,94255,94257],{"id":94251},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[19,94253,92933],{}," always round ",[19,94256,38378],{}," up?",[15,94259,94260],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[616,94262,10848,94264,94266],{"id":94263},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[19,94265,92933],{}," change the original number?",[15,94268,94269],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[616,94271,3292,94273,94275],{"id":94272},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[19,94274,92933],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[15,94277,94278,94279,94281,94282,965,94284,498],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[19,94280,93083],{}," value like ",[19,94283,64027],{},[19,94285,93583],{},[616,94287,26483,94289,94291,94292,572],{"id":94288},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[19,94290,92933],{}," on a string like ",[19,94293,46262],{},[15,94295,94296,94297,965,94299,498],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[19,94298,971],{},[19,94300,964],{},[43,94302,1602],{"id":1601},[27,94304,94305,94311,94317,94321],{},[30,94306,94307],{},[373,94308,1680,94309,1611],{"href":968},[19,94310,971],{},[30,94312,94313],{},[373,94314,1680,94315,1611],{"href":961},[19,94316,964],{},[30,94318,94319],{},[373,94320,497],{"href":496},[30,94322,94323],{},[373,94324,40346],{"href":39055},[1634,94326,94327],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":94329},[94330,94331,94333,94334,94336,94338,94340,94341,94342,94344,94351,94361],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":93025,"depth":87,"text":94332},"What round() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":93179,"depth":87,"text":94335},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":93317,"depth":87,"text":94337},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":93474,"depth":87,"text":94339},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":93595,"depth":87,"text":93596},{"id":93778,"depth":87,"text":93779},{"id":93926,"depth":87,"text":94343},"When to use round()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":94345},[94346,94348,94349,94350],{"id":94000,"depth":103,"text":94347},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":94061,"depth":103,"text":94062},{"id":94147,"depth":103,"text":94148},{"id":94229,"depth":103,"text":94230},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":94352},[94353,94355,94357,94359],{"id":94251,"depth":103,"text":94354},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":94263,"depth":103,"text":94356},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":94272,"depth":103,"text":94358},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":94288,"depth":103,"text":94360},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":92925,"description":94362},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":94369,"title":94370,"body":94371,"description":95556,"extension":1666,"meta":95557,"navigation":317,"path":95558,"seo":95559,"stem":95560,"__hash__":95561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":8,"value":94372,"toc":95530},[94373,94380,94386,94389,94391,94440,94444,94469,94474,94479,94484,94498,94509,94511,94530,94532,94548,94551,94562,94564,94566,94627,94631,94664,94671,94678,94681,94714,94717,94721,94724,94777,94781,94802,94808,94815,94822,94883,94891,94968,94972,94984,94993,94995,95001,95007,95011,95064,95067,95125,95129,95137,95140,95144,95147,95157,95159,95256,95259,95270,95273,95316,95320,95344,95347,95353,95355,95359,95384,95386,95453,95462,95464,95470,95475,95479,95482,95486,95493,95497,95502,95504,95521,95527],[11,94374,94376,94377,9463],{"id":94375},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[19,94378,94379],{},"add()",[15,94381,94382,94385],{},[19,94383,94384],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[15,94387,94388],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[43,94390,46],{"id":45},[48,94392,94394],{"className":50,"code":94393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,94395,94396,94416,94430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94397,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94399,1724],{"class":285},[57,94401,289],{"class":76},[57,94403,8629],{"class":67},[57,94405,1078],{"class":80},[57,94407,1081],{"class":67},[57,94409,1084],{"class":80},[57,94411,1081],{"class":67},[57,94413,530],{"class":80},[57,94415,7446],{"class":67},[57,94417,94418,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94419,1756],{"class":285},[57,94421,498],{"class":67},[57,94423,80279],{"class":238},[57,94425,68],{"class":67},[57,94427,585],{"class":80},[57,94429,242],{"class":67},[57,94431,94432,94434,94436,94438],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,94433,64],{"class":63},[57,94435,68],{"class":67},[57,94437,1756],{"class":238},[57,94439,242],{"class":67},[15,94441,94442],{},[1854,94443,131],{},[48,94445,94447],{"className":50,"code":94446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[19,94448,94449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94450,94451,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94452,7415],{"class":67},[57,94454,1078],{"class":80},[57,94456,1081],{"class":67},[57,94458,1084],{"class":80},[57,94460,1081],{"class":67},[57,94462,530],{"class":80},[57,94464,1081],{"class":67},[57,94466,536],{"class":80},[57,94468,7446],{"class":67},[15,94470,154,94471,94473],{},[19,94472,94379],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[43,94475,1787,94477,1790],{"id":94476},"what-setadd-does",[19,94478,94384],{},[15,94480,94481,94483],{},[19,94482,94384],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[27,94485,94486,94489,94492,94495],{},[30,94487,94488],{},"Adds one item to a set",[30,94490,94491],{},"Changes the original set in place",[30,94493,94494],{},"Does not return a new set",[30,94496,94497],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[15,94499,94500,94501,965,94505,498],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[373,94502,94504],{"href":94503},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[373,94506,94508],{"href":94507},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[43,94510,221],{"id":220},[48,94512,94514],{"className":50,"code":94513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.add(item)\n",[19,94515,94516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94517,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94519,13814],{"class":285},[57,94521,498],{"class":67},[57,94523,80279],{"class":238},[57,94525,68],{"class":67},[57,94527,21463],{"class":238},[57,94529,242],{"class":67},[15,94531,9600],{},[27,94533,94534,94539,94542],{},[30,94535,54079,94536,94538],{},[19,94537,94379],{}," on an existing set",[30,94540,94541],{},"Pass exactly one item",[30,94543,94544,94545],{},"The item must be ",[1854,94546,94547],{},"hashable",[15,94549,94550],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[27,94552,94553,94555,94557,94560],{},[30,94554,54632],{},[30,94556,54635],{},[30,94558,94559],{},"Tuples",[30,94561,38759],{},[43,94563,9617],{"id":9616},[15,94565,9620],{},[48,94567,94569],{"className":50,"code":94568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[19,94570,94571,94595,94613,94617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94572,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94574,11221],{"class":285},[57,94576,289],{"class":76},[57,94578,8629],{"class":67},[57,94580,939],{"class":938},[57,94582,11238],{"class":942},[57,94584,939],{"class":938},[57,94586,1081],{"class":67},[57,94588,1449],{"class":938},[57,94590,11255],{"class":942},[57,94592,939],{"class":938},[57,94594,7446],{"class":67},[57,94596,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94598,15652],{"class":285},[57,94600,498],{"class":67},[57,94602,80279],{"class":238},[57,94604,68],{"class":67},[57,94606,939],{"class":938},[57,94608,15605],{"class":942},[57,94610,939],{"class":938},[57,94612,242],{"class":67},[57,94614,94615],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,94616,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,94618,94619,94621,94623,94625],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,94620,64],{"class":63},[57,94622,68],{"class":67},[57,94624,15652],{"class":238},[57,94626,242],{"class":67},[15,94628,94629],{},[1854,94630,28185],{},[48,94632,94634],{"className":50,"code":94633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[19,94635,94636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94637,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652,94654,94656,94658,94660,94662],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94639,7415],{"class":67},[57,94641,1395],{"class":938},[57,94643,11238],{"class":942},[57,94645,1395],{"class":938},[57,94647,1081],{"class":67},[57,94649,1390],{"class":938},[57,94651,15605],{"class":942},[57,94653,1395],{"class":938},[57,94655,1081],{"class":67},[57,94657,1390],{"class":938},[57,94659,11255],{"class":942},[57,94661,1395],{"class":938},[57,94663,7446],{"class":67},[15,94665,94666,94667,94670],{},"The new value ",[19,94668,94669],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[15,94672,94673,94674,94677],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[1854,94675,94676],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[15,94679,94680],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[48,94682,94684],{"className":50,"code":94683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[19,94685,94686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94687,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94689,7415],{"class":67},[57,94691,1395],{"class":938},[57,94693,11255],{"class":942},[57,94695,1395],{"class":938},[57,94697,1081],{"class":67},[57,94699,1390],{"class":938},[57,94701,11238],{"class":942},[57,94703,1395],{"class":938},[57,94705,1081],{"class":67},[57,94707,1390],{"class":938},[57,94709,15605],{"class":942},[57,94711,1395],{"class":938},[57,94713,7446],{"class":67},[15,94715,94716],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[43,94718,94720],{"id":94719},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[15,94722,94723],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[48,94725,94727],{"className":50,"code":94726,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,94728,94729,94749,94763,94767],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94730,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94732,1724],{"class":285},[57,94734,289],{"class":76},[57,94736,8629],{"class":67},[57,94738,1078],{"class":80},[57,94740,1081],{"class":67},[57,94742,1084],{"class":80},[57,94744,1081],{"class":67},[57,94746,530],{"class":80},[57,94748,7446],{"class":67},[57,94750,94751,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94752,1756],{"class":285},[57,94754,498],{"class":67},[57,94756,80279],{"class":238},[57,94758,68],{"class":67},[57,94760,116],{"class":80},[57,94762,242],{"class":67},[57,94764,94765],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,94766,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,94768,94769,94771,94773,94775],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,94770,64],{"class":63},[57,94772,68],{"class":67},[57,94774,1756],{"class":238},[57,94776,242],{"class":67},[15,94778,94779],{},[1854,94780,131],{},[48,94782,94784],{"className":50,"code":94783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[19,94785,94786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94787,94788,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798,94800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94789,7415],{"class":67},[57,94791,1078],{"class":80},[57,94793,1081],{"class":67},[57,94795,1084],{"class":80},[57,94797,1081],{"class":67},[57,94799,530],{"class":80},[57,94801,7446],{"class":67},[15,94803,94804,94805,94807],{},"The set stays the same because ",[19,94806,116],{}," was already present.",[43,94809,94811,8724,94813],{"id":94810},"add-vs-update",[19,94812,94379],{},[19,94814,13101],{},[15,94816,154,94817,94819,94820,498],{},[19,94818,94379],{}," when you want to add ",[1854,94821,50826],{},[48,94823,94825],{"className":50,"code":94824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[19,94826,94827,94851,94869,94873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94828,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837,94839,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94830,34251],{"class":285},[57,94832,289],{"class":76},[57,94834,8629],{"class":67},[57,94836,939],{"class":938},[57,94838,373],{"class":942},[57,94840,939],{"class":938},[57,94842,1081],{"class":67},[57,94844,1449],{"class":938},[57,94846,2881],{"class":942},[57,94848,939],{"class":938},[57,94850,7446],{"class":67},[57,94852,94853,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865,94867],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94854,34304],{"class":285},[57,94856,498],{"class":67},[57,94858,80279],{"class":238},[57,94860,68],{"class":67},[57,94862,939],{"class":938},[57,94864,7877],{"class":942},[57,94866,939],{"class":938},[57,94868,242],{"class":67},[57,94870,94871],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,94872,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,94874,94875,94877,94879,94881],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,94876,64],{"class":63},[57,94878,68],{"class":67},[57,94880,34304],{"class":238},[57,94882,242],{"class":67},[15,94884,154,94885,94819,94887,94890],{},[19,94886,13101],{},[1854,94888,94889],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[48,94892,94894],{"className":50,"code":94893,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[19,94895,94896,94920,94954,94958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94897,94898,94900,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94899,34251],{"class":285},[57,94901,289],{"class":76},[57,94903,8629],{"class":67},[57,94905,939],{"class":938},[57,94907,373],{"class":942},[57,94909,939],{"class":938},[57,94911,1081],{"class":67},[57,94913,1449],{"class":938},[57,94915,2881],{"class":942},[57,94917,939],{"class":938},[57,94919,7446],{"class":67},[57,94921,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,94923,34304],{"class":285},[57,94925,498],{"class":67},[57,94927,28620],{"class":238},[57,94929,1075],{"class":67},[57,94931,939],{"class":938},[57,94933,7877],{"class":942},[57,94935,939],{"class":938},[57,94937,1081],{"class":67},[57,94939,1449],{"class":938},[57,94941,16918],{"class":942},[57,94943,939],{"class":938},[57,94945,1081],{"class":67},[57,94947,1449],{"class":938},[57,94949,58619],{"class":942},[57,94951,939],{"class":938},[57,94953,2003],{"class":67},[57,94955,94956],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,94957,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,94959,94960,94962,94964,94966],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,94961,64],{"class":63},[57,94963,68],{"class":67},[57,94965,34304],{"class":238},[57,94967,242],{"class":67},[616,94969,94971],{"id":94970},"key-difference","Key difference",[27,94973,94974,94979],{},[30,94975,94976,94978],{},[19,94977,94379],{}," adds one item",[30,94980,94981,94983],{},[19,94982,13101],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[15,94985,94986,94987,498],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[373,94988,94990,94991,8880],{"href":94989},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[19,94992,13101],{},[43,94994,15568],{"id":15567},[15,94996,94997,474,94999,498],{},[19,94998,94384],{},[19,95000,1890],{},[15,95002,95003,95004,95006],{},"That means you should ",[1854,95005,2750],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[616,95008,95010],{"id":95009},"correct","Correct",[48,95012,95014],{"className":50,"code":95013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[19,95015,95016,95036,95050,95054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95017,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026,95028,95030,95032,95034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95019,13776],{"class":285},[57,95021,289],{"class":76},[57,95023,8629],{"class":67},[57,95025,1078],{"class":80},[57,95027,1081],{"class":67},[57,95029,1084],{"class":80},[57,95031,1081],{"class":67},[57,95033,530],{"class":80},[57,95035,7446],{"class":67},[57,95037,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95039,13814],{"class":285},[57,95041,498],{"class":67},[57,95043,80279],{"class":238},[57,95045,68],{"class":67},[57,95047,585],{"class":80},[57,95049,242],{"class":67},[57,95051,95052],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95053,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95055,95056,95058,95060,95062],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,95057,64],{"class":63},[57,95059,68],{"class":67},[57,95061,13814],{"class":238},[57,95063,242],{"class":67},[616,95065,95066],{"id":59941},"Wrong",[48,95068,95070],{"className":50,"code":95069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[19,95071,95072,95092,95111,95115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95073,95074,95076,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95075,13776],{"class":285},[57,95077,289],{"class":76},[57,95079,8629],{"class":67},[57,95081,1078],{"class":80},[57,95083,1081],{"class":67},[57,95085,1084],{"class":80},[57,95087,1081],{"class":67},[57,95089,530],{"class":80},[57,95091,7446],{"class":67},[57,95093,95094,95096,95098,95101,95103,95105,95107,95109],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95095,13776],{"class":285},[57,95097,289],{"class":76},[57,95099,95100],{"class":285}," my_set",[57,95102,498],{"class":67},[57,95104,80279],{"class":238},[57,95106,68],{"class":67},[57,95108,585],{"class":80},[57,95110,242],{"class":67},[57,95112,95113],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95114,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95116,95117,95119,95121,95123],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,95118,64],{"class":63},[57,95120,68],{"class":67},[57,95122,13814],{"class":238},[57,95124,242],{"class":67},[15,95126,95127],{},[1854,95128,131],{},[48,95130,95131],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,95132,95133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95134,95135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95136,9951],{"class":1965},[15,95138,95139],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[43,95141,95143],{"id":95142},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[15,95145,95146],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[27,95148,95149,95151,95153,95155],{},[30,95150,54632],{},[30,95152,54635],{},[30,95154,94559],{},[30,95156,38759],{},[15,95158,275],{},[48,95160,95162],{"className":50,"code":95161,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[19,95163,95164,95174,95178,95192,95210,95228,95242,95246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95165,95166,95168,95170,95172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95167,5910],{"class":285},[57,95169,289],{"class":76},[57,95171,13781],{"class":990},[57,95173,6778],{"class":67},[57,95175,95176],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95177,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95179,95180,95182,95184,95186,95188,95190],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95181,5941],{"class":285},[57,95183,498],{"class":67},[57,95185,80279],{"class":238},[57,95187,68],{"class":67},[57,95189,407],{"class":80},[57,95191,242],{"class":67},[57,95193,95194,95196,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,95195,5941],{"class":285},[57,95197,498],{"class":67},[57,95199,80279],{"class":238},[57,95201,68],{"class":67},[57,95203,939],{"class":938},[57,95205,1958],{"class":942},[57,95207,939],{"class":938},[57,95209,242],{"class":67},[57,95211,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,95213,5941],{"class":285},[57,95215,498],{"class":67},[57,95217,80279],{"class":238},[57,95219,3635],{"class":67},[57,95221,1078],{"class":80},[57,95223,1081],{"class":67},[57,95225,1084],{"class":80},[57,95227,84],{"class":67},[57,95229,95230,95232,95234,95236,95238,95240],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,95231,5941],{"class":285},[57,95233,498],{"class":67},[57,95235,80279],{"class":238},[57,95237,68],{"class":67},[57,95239,1709],{"class":1965},[57,95241,242],{"class":67},[57,95243,95244],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,95245,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95247,95248,95250,95252,95254],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,95249,64],{"class":63},[57,95251,68],{"class":67},[57,95253,5941],{"class":238},[57,95255,242],{"class":67},[15,95257,95258],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[27,95260,95261,95264,95267],{},[30,95262,95263],{},"Lists",[30,95265,95266],{},"Dictionaries",[30,95268,95269],{},"Sets",[15,95271,95272],{},"Example that causes an error:",[48,95274,95276],{"className":50,"code":95275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[19,95277,95278,95298],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95279,95280,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290,95292,95294,95296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95281,5910],{"class":285},[57,95283,289],{"class":76},[57,95285,8629],{"class":67},[57,95287,1078],{"class":80},[57,95289,1081],{"class":67},[57,95291,1084],{"class":80},[57,95293,1081],{"class":67},[57,95295,530],{"class":80},[57,95297,7446],{"class":67},[57,95299,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310,95312,95314],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95301,5941],{"class":285},[57,95303,498],{"class":67},[57,95305,80279],{"class":238},[57,95307,1075],{"class":67},[57,95309,585],{"class":80},[57,95311,1081],{"class":67},[57,95313,2724],{"class":80},[57,95315,2003],{"class":67},[15,95317,95318],{},[1854,95319,27836],{},[48,95321,95323],{"className":50,"code":95322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[19,95324,95325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95326,95327,95329,95331,95334,95336,95338,95340,95342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95328,1097],{"class":990},[57,95330,972],{"class":67},[57,95332,95333],{"class":285}," unhashable ",[57,95335,1315],{"class":990},[57,95337,972],{"class":67},[57,95339,1390],{"class":938},[57,95341,6226],{"class":942},[57,95343,27855],{"class":938},[15,95345,95346],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[15,95348,95349,95350,498],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[19,95351,95352],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[43,95354,913],{"id":912},[15,95356,12880,95357,972],{},[19,95358,94384],{},[27,95360,95361,95366,95371,95374,95381],{},[30,95362,6551,95363,95365],{},[19,95364,94379],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[30,95367,6587,95368,95370],{},[19,95369,94379],{}," to return the updated set",[30,95372,95373],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[30,95375,35366,95376,95378,95379],{},[19,95377,94384],{}," with list ",[19,95380,50822],{},[30,95382,95383],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[15,95385,69679],{},[48,95387,95389],{"className":50,"code":95388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[19,95390,95391,95401,95415,95425,95439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95392,95393,95395,95397,95399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95394,64],{"class":63},[57,95396,68],{"class":67},[57,95398,13814],{"class":238},[57,95400,242],{"class":67},[57,95402,95403,95405,95407,95409,95411,95413],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95404,64],{"class":63},[57,95406,68],{"class":67},[57,95408,1315],{"class":990},[57,95410,68],{"class":67},[57,95412,13814],{"class":238},[57,95414,84],{"class":67},[57,95416,95417,95419,95421,95423],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95418,64],{"class":63},[57,95420,68],{"class":67},[57,95422,552],{"class":238},[57,95424,242],{"class":67},[57,95426,95427,95429,95431,95433,95435,95437],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,95428,64],{"class":63},[57,95430,68],{"class":67},[57,95432,1315],{"class":990},[57,95434,68],{"class":67},[57,95436,552],{"class":238},[57,95438,84],{"class":67},[57,95440,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,95442,30309],{"class":63},[57,95444,68],{"class":67},[57,95446,4413],{"class":990},[57,95448,498],{"class":67},[57,95450,80279],{"class":22903},[57,95452,242],{"class":67},[15,95454,95455,95456,95458,95459,498],{},"Also remember that ",[19,95457,94384],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[373,95460,51219],{"href":95461},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[43,95463,1554],{"id":1553},[616,95465,10848,95467,95469],{"id":95466},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[19,95468,94384],{}," return a new set?",[15,95471,95472,95473,498],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[19,95474,1890],{},[616,95476,95478],{"id":95477},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[15,95480,95481],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[616,95483,95485],{"id":95484},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[15,95487,154,95488,9232,95491,498],{},[19,95489,95490],{},"set.update()",[19,95492,94379],{},[616,95494,95496],{"id":95495},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[15,95498,95499,95500,498],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[19,95501,1097],{},[43,95503,1602],{"id":1601},[27,95505,95506,95510,95515],{},[30,95507,95508],{},[373,95509,94504],{"href":94503},[30,95511,95512],{},[373,95513,95514],{"href":94507},"How to create a set in Python",[30,95516,95517],{},[373,95518,94990,95519,8880],{"href":94989},[19,95520,13101],{},[15,95522,95523,95524,95526],{},"Once you understand ",[19,95525,94379],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1634,95528,95529],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":95531},[95532,95533,95535,95536,95537,95538,95542,95546,95547,95548,95555],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":94476,"depth":87,"text":95534},"What set.add() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":94719,"depth":87,"text":94720},{"id":94810,"depth":87,"text":95539,"children":95540},"add() vs update()",[95541],{"id":94970,"depth":103,"text":94971},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568,"children":95543},[95544,95545],{"id":95009,"depth":103,"text":95010},{"id":59941,"depth":103,"text":95066},{"id":95142,"depth":87,"text":95143},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":95549},[95550,95552,95553,95554],{"id":95466,"depth":103,"text":95551},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":95477,"depth":103,"text":95478},{"id":95484,"depth":103,"text":95485},{"id":95495,"depth":103,"text":95496},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":94370,"description":95556},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":95563,"title":95564,"body":95565,"description":96734,"extension":1666,"meta":96735,"navigation":317,"path":96736,"seo":96737,"stem":96738,"__hash__":96739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":8,"value":95566,"toc":96701},[95567,95572,95578,95585,95630,95632,95643,95648,95653,95657,95671,95676,95678,95680,95695,95697,95711,95713,95715,95780,95782,95792,95794,95812,95818,95825,95830,95904,95906,95923,95929,95934,96005,96007,96034,96051,96054,96060,96062,96069,96073,96140,96142,96157,96160,96213,96215,96223,96235,96237,96241,96246,96248,96297,96299,96307,96309,96354,96356,96366,96372,96380,96393,96399,96401,96430,96432,96450,96454,96457,96488,96490,96508,96512,96587,96589,96605,96612,96614,96619,96624,96630,96633,96637,96645,96652,96660,96662,96698],[11,95568,94376,95570,9463],{"id":95569},"python-set-clear-method",[19,95571,9462],{},[15,95573,95574,95577],{},[19,95575,95576],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[15,95579,95580,95581,95584],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[1854,95582,95583],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[48,95586,95588],{"className":50,"code":95587,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,95589,95590,95610,95620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95591,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95593,1724],{"class":285},[57,95595,289],{"class":76},[57,95597,8629],{"class":67},[57,95599,1078],{"class":80},[57,95601,1081],{"class":67},[57,95603,1084],{"class":80},[57,95605,1081],{"class":67},[57,95607,530],{"class":80},[57,95609,7446],{"class":67},[57,95611,95612,95614,95616,95618],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95613,1756],{"class":285},[57,95615,498],{"class":67},[57,95617,9524],{"class":238},[57,95619,6778],{"class":67},[57,95621,95622,95624,95626,95628],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95623,64],{"class":63},[57,95625,68],{"class":67},[57,95627,1756],{"class":238},[57,95629,242],{"class":67},[15,95631,131],{},[48,95633,95635],{"className":50,"code":95634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n",[19,95636,95637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95638,95639,95641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95640,4413],{"class":990},[57,95642,6778],{"class":67},[15,95644,95645,95647],{},[19,95646,9462],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[43,95649,1787,95651,1790],{"id":95650},"what-setclear-does",[19,95652,95576],{},[15,95654,17,95655,9554],{},[19,95656,9462],{},[27,95658,95659,95662,95664,95668],{},[30,95660,95661],{},"Removes every item from a set",[30,95663,94491],{},[30,95665,9565,95666],{},[19,95667,1890],{},[30,95669,95670],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[15,95672,94500,95673,69778],{},[373,95674,94504],{"href":95675},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[43,95677,221],{"id":220},[15,95679,52617],{},[48,95681,95683],{"className":50,"code":95682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.clear()\n",[19,95684,95685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95686,95687,95689,95691,95693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95688,13814],{"class":285},[57,95690,498],{"class":67},[57,95692,9524],{"class":238},[57,95694,6778],{"class":67},[15,95696,11197],{},[27,95698,95699,95702,95705,95708],{},[30,95700,95701],{},"It takes no arguments",[30,95703,95704],{},"It empties the set",[30,95706,95707],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[30,95709,95710],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[43,95712,9617],{"id":9616},[15,95714,9620],{},[48,95716,95718],{"className":50,"code":95717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[19,95719,95720,95752,95756,95766,95770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95721,95722,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95723,11221],{"class":285},[57,95725,289],{"class":76},[57,95727,8629],{"class":67},[57,95729,939],{"class":938},[57,95731,11238],{"class":942},[57,95733,939],{"class":938},[57,95735,1081],{"class":67},[57,95737,1449],{"class":938},[57,95739,15605],{"class":942},[57,95741,939],{"class":938},[57,95743,1081],{"class":67},[57,95745,1449],{"class":938},[57,95747,11255],{"class":942},[57,95749,939],{"class":938},[57,95751,7446],{"class":67},[57,95753,95754],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95755,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95757,95758,95760,95762,95764],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95759,15652],{"class":285},[57,95761,498],{"class":67},[57,95763,9524],{"class":238},[57,95765,6778],{"class":67},[57,95767,95768],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,95769,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95771,95772,95774,95776,95778],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,95773,64],{"class":63},[57,95775,68],{"class":67},[57,95777,15652],{"class":238},[57,95779,242],{"class":67},[15,95781,131],{},[48,95783,95784],{"className":50,"code":95634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,95785,95786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95787,95788,95790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95789,4413],{"class":990},[57,95791,6778],{"class":67},[15,95793,9826],{},[27,95795,95796,95801,95806],{},[30,95797,95798,95800],{},[19,95799,15652],{}," starts with three values",[30,95802,95803,9839],{},[19,95804,95805],{},"colors.clear()",[30,95807,95808,95809,95811],{},"Printing the set shows ",[19,95810,1909],{},", which means an empty set",[43,95813,95815,95817],{"id":95814},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[19,95816,9462],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[15,95819,95820,2511,95822,95824],{},[19,95821,9462],{},[19,95823,1909],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[616,95826,6551,95828],{"id":95827},"using-clear",[19,95829,9462],{},[48,95831,95833],{"className":50,"code":95832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[19,95834,95835,95855,95865,95869,95879,95883,95893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95836,95837,95839,95841,95843,95845,95847,95849,95851,95853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95838,5910],{"class":285},[57,95840,289],{"class":76},[57,95842,8629],{"class":67},[57,95844,1078],{"class":80},[57,95846,1081],{"class":67},[57,95848,1084],{"class":80},[57,95850,1081],{"class":67},[57,95852,530],{"class":80},[57,95854,7446],{"class":67},[57,95856,95857,95860,95862],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95858,95859],{"class":285},"other_name ",[57,95861,289],{"class":76},[57,95863,95864],{"class":285}," items\n",[57,95866,95867],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95868,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95870,95871,95873,95875,95877],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,95872,5941],{"class":285},[57,95874,498],{"class":67},[57,95876,9524],{"class":238},[57,95878,6778],{"class":67},[57,95880,95881],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,95882,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95884,95885,95887,95889,95891],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,95886,64],{"class":63},[57,95888,68],{"class":67},[57,95890,5941],{"class":238},[57,95892,242],{"class":67},[57,95894,95895,95897,95899,95902],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,95896,64],{"class":63},[57,95898,68],{"class":67},[57,95900,95901],{"class":238},"other_name",[57,95903,242],{"class":67},[15,95905,131],{},[48,95907,95909],{"className":50,"code":95908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\nset()\n",[19,95910,95911,95917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95912,95913,95915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95914,4413],{"class":990},[57,95916,6778],{"class":67},[57,95918,95919,95921],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95920,4413],{"class":990},[57,95922,6778],{"class":67},[15,95924,95925,95926,498],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[1854,95927,95928],{},"same set object",[616,95930,6551,95932],{"id":95931},"using-set",[19,95933,1909],{},[48,95935,95937],{"className":50,"code":95936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[19,95938,95939,95959,95967,95971,95981,95985,95995],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95940,95941,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953,95955,95957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95942,5910],{"class":285},[57,95944,289],{"class":76},[57,95946,8629],{"class":67},[57,95948,1078],{"class":80},[57,95950,1081],{"class":67},[57,95952,1084],{"class":80},[57,95954,1081],{"class":67},[57,95956,530],{"class":80},[57,95958,7446],{"class":67},[57,95960,95961,95963,95965],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,95962,95859],{"class":285},[57,95964,289],{"class":76},[57,95966,95864],{"class":285},[57,95968,95969],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,95970,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95972,95973,95975,95977,95979],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,95974,5910],{"class":285},[57,95976,289],{"class":76},[57,95978,13781],{"class":990},[57,95980,6778],{"class":67},[57,95982,95983],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,95984,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,95986,95987,95989,95991,95993],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,95988,64],{"class":63},[57,95990,68],{"class":67},[57,95992,5941],{"class":238},[57,95994,242],{"class":67},[57,95996,95997,95999,96001,96003],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,95998,64],{"class":63},[57,96000,68],{"class":67},[57,96002,95901],{"class":238},[57,96004,242],{"class":67},[15,96006,131],{},[48,96008,96010],{"className":50,"code":96009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[19,96011,96012,96018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96013,96014,96016],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96015,4413],{"class":990},[57,96017,6778],{"class":67},[57,96019,96020,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96021,7415],{"class":67},[57,96023,1078],{"class":80},[57,96025,1081],{"class":67},[57,96027,1084],{"class":80},[57,96029,1081],{"class":67},[57,96031,530],{"class":80},[57,96033,7446],{"class":67},[15,96035,18922,96036,91268,96039,96042,96043,498,96045,96047,96048,96050],{},[19,96037,96038],{},"items = set()",[1854,96040,96041],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[19,96044,5941],{},[7984,96046],{},"\nBut ",[19,96049,95901],{}," still points to the original set.",[15,96052,96053],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[15,96055,96056,96057,498],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[373,96058,94508],{"href":96059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[43,96061,15568],{"id":15567},[15,96063,96064,12200,96066,96068],{},[19,96065,9462],{},[1854,96067,2750],{}," return the emptied set.",[15,96070,3270,96071,498],{},[19,96072,1890],{},[48,96074,96076],{"className":50,"code":96075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,96077,96078,96098,96102,96116,96120,96130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96079,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092,96094,96096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96081,1724],{"class":285},[57,96083,289],{"class":76},[57,96085,8629],{"class":67},[57,96087,1078],{"class":80},[57,96089,1081],{"class":67},[57,96091,1084],{"class":80},[57,96093,1081],{"class":67},[57,96095,530],{"class":80},[57,96097,7446],{"class":67},[57,96099,96100],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96101,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,96103,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,96105,300],{"class":285},[57,96107,289],{"class":76},[57,96109,2380],{"class":285},[57,96111,498],{"class":67},[57,96113,9524],{"class":238},[57,96115,6778],{"class":67},[57,96117,96118],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,96119,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,96121,96122,96124,96126,96128],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,96123,64],{"class":63},[57,96125,68],{"class":67},[57,96127,339],{"class":238},[57,96129,242],{"class":67},[57,96131,96132,96134,96136,96138],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,96133,64],{"class":63},[57,96135,68],{"class":67},[57,96137,1756],{"class":238},[57,96139,242],{"class":67},[15,96141,131],{},[48,96143,96145],{"className":50,"code":96144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\nset()\n",[19,96146,96147,96151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96148,96149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96150,9951],{"class":1965},[57,96152,96153,96155],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96154,4413],{"class":990},[57,96156,6778],{"class":67},[15,96158,96159],{},"Do not do this:",[48,96161,96163],{"className":50,"code":96162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,96164,96165,96185,96199,96203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96166,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179,96181,96183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96168,1724],{"class":285},[57,96170,289],{"class":76},[57,96172,8629],{"class":67},[57,96174,1078],{"class":80},[57,96176,1081],{"class":67},[57,96178,1084],{"class":80},[57,96180,1081],{"class":67},[57,96182,530],{"class":80},[57,96184,7446],{"class":67},[57,96186,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96188,1724],{"class":285},[57,96190,289],{"class":76},[57,96192,2380],{"class":285},[57,96194,498],{"class":67},[57,96196,9524],{"class":238},[57,96198,6778],{"class":67},[57,96200,96201],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,96202,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,96204,96205,96207,96209,96211],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,96206,64],{"class":63},[57,96208,68],{"class":67},[57,96210,1756],{"class":238},[57,96212,242],{"class":67},[15,96214,131],{},[48,96216,96217],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,96218,96219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96220,96221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96222,9951],{"class":1965},[15,96224,20341,96225,474,96227,96229,96230,96232,96233,498],{},[19,96226,52730],{},[19,96228,1890],{},", and then you assign that ",[19,96231,1890],{}," back to ",[19,96234,1756],{},[43,96236,2637],{"id":2636},[15,96238,8887,96239,498],{},[19,96240,95576],{},[616,96242,10738,96244],{"id":96243},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[19,96245,9462],{},[15,96247,14792],{},[48,96249,96251],{"className":50,"code":96250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[19,96252,96253,96273,96287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96254,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269,96271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96256,13776],{"class":285},[57,96258,289],{"class":76},[57,96260,8629],{"class":67},[57,96262,1078],{"class":80},[57,96264,1081],{"class":67},[57,96266,1084],{"class":80},[57,96268,1081],{"class":67},[57,96270,530],{"class":80},[57,96272,7446],{"class":67},[57,96274,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96276,13776],{"class":285},[57,96278,289],{"class":76},[57,96280,95100],{"class":285},[57,96282,498],{"class":67},[57,96284,9524],{"class":238},[57,96286,6778],{"class":67},[57,96288,96289,96291,96293,96295],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,96290,64],{"class":63},[57,96292,68],{"class":67},[57,96294,13814],{"class":238},[57,96296,242],{"class":67},[15,96298,131],{},[48,96300,96301],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,96302,96303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96304,96305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96306,9951],{"class":1965},[15,96308,14804],{},[48,96310,96312],{"className":50,"code":96311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[19,96313,96314,96334,96344],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96315,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96317,13776],{"class":285},[57,96319,289],{"class":76},[57,96321,8629],{"class":67},[57,96323,1078],{"class":80},[57,96325,1081],{"class":67},[57,96327,1084],{"class":80},[57,96329,1081],{"class":67},[57,96331,530],{"class":80},[57,96333,7446],{"class":67},[57,96335,96336,96338,96340,96342],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96337,13814],{"class":285},[57,96339,498],{"class":67},[57,96341,9524],{"class":238},[57,96343,6778],{"class":67},[57,96345,96346,96348,96350,96352],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,96347,64],{"class":63},[57,96349,68],{"class":67},[57,96351,13814],{"class":238},[57,96353,242],{"class":67},[15,96355,131],{},[48,96357,96358],{"className":50,"code":95634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,96359,96360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96361,96362,96364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96363,4413],{"class":990},[57,96365,6778],{"class":67},[616,96367,6587,96369,96371],{"id":96368},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[19,96370,9462],{}," to remove only one item",[15,96373,96374,96376,96377,96379],{},[19,96375,9462],{}," removes ",[1854,96378,1826],{}," items from the set.",[15,96381,96382,96383,965,96388,498],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[373,96384,96386],{"href":96385},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[19,96387,53699],{},[373,96389,96391],{"href":96390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[19,96392,10907],{},[616,96394,6551,96396,96398],{"id":96395},"using-for-an-empty-set",[19,96397,1904],{}," for an empty set",[15,96400,23844],{},[48,96402,96404],{"className":50,"code":96403,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[19,96405,96406,96415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96407,96408,96411,96413],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96409,96410],{"class":285},"empty_value ",[57,96412,289],{"class":76},[57,96414,7976],{"class":67},[57,96416,96417,96419,96421,96423,96425,96428],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96418,64],{"class":63},[57,96420,68],{"class":67},[57,96422,1315],{"class":990},[57,96424,68],{"class":67},[57,96426,96427],{"class":238},"empty_value",[57,96429,84],{"class":67},[15,96431,131],{},[48,96433,96434],{"className":50,"code":6944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,96435,96436],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96437,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96439,1384],{"class":76},[57,96441,1387],{"class":125},[57,96443,1390],{"class":938},[57,96445,6957],{"class":942},[57,96447,1395],{"class":938},[57,96449,1398],{"class":76},[15,96451,96452,6924],{},[19,96453,1904],{},[15,96455,96456],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[48,96458,96460],{"className":50,"code":96459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[19,96461,96462,96473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96463,96464,96467,96469,96471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96465,96466],{"class":285},"empty_set ",[57,96468,289],{"class":76},[57,96470,13781],{"class":990},[57,96472,6778],{"class":67},[57,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96486],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96476,64],{"class":63},[57,96478,68],{"class":67},[57,96480,1315],{"class":990},[57,96482,68],{"class":67},[57,96484,96485],{"class":238},"empty_set",[57,96487,84],{"class":67},[15,96489,131],{},[48,96491,96492],{"className":50,"code":6988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,96493,96494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96495,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96497,1384],{"class":76},[57,96499,1387],{"class":125},[57,96501,1390],{"class":938},[57,96503,4413],{"class":942},[57,96505,1395],{"class":938},[57,96507,1398],{"class":76},[616,96509,96511],{"id":96510},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[48,96513,96515],{"className":50,"code":96514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[19,96516,96517,96541,96549,96553,96563,96567,96577],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96518,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96520,636],{"class":285},[57,96522,289],{"class":76},[57,96524,8629],{"class":67},[57,96526,939],{"class":938},[57,96528,239],{"class":942},[57,96530,939],{"class":938},[57,96532,1081],{"class":67},[57,96534,1449],{"class":938},[57,96536,9888],{"class":942},[57,96538,939],{"class":938},[57,96540,7446],{"class":67},[57,96542,96543,96545,96547],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96544,664],{"class":285},[57,96546,289],{"class":76},[57,96548,34336],{"class":285},[57,96550,96551],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,96552,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,96554,96555,96557,96559,96561],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,96556,373],{"class":285},[57,96558,498],{"class":67},[57,96560,9524],{"class":238},[57,96562,6778],{"class":67},[57,96564,96565],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,96566,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,96568,96569,96571,96573,96575],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,96570,64],{"class":63},[57,96572,68],{"class":67},[57,96574,373],{"class":238},[57,96576,242],{"class":67},[57,96578,96579,96581,96583,96585],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,96580,64],{"class":63},[57,96582,68],{"class":67},[57,96584,2881],{"class":238},[57,96586,242],{"class":67},[15,96588,131],{},[48,96590,96591],{"className":50,"code":95908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,96592,96593,96599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96594,96595,96597],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96596,4413],{"class":990},[57,96598,6778],{"class":67},[57,96600,96601,96603],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96602,4413],{"class":990},[57,96604,6778],{"class":67},[15,96606,27216,96607,2511,96609,96611],{},[19,96608,373],{},[19,96610,2881],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[43,96613,1554],{"id":1553},[616,96615,3264,96617,3267],{"id":96616},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[19,96618,95576],{},[15,96620,3270,96621,96623],{},[19,96622,1890],{},". It empties the set in place.",[616,96625,10848,96627,96629],{"id":96626},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[19,96628,9462],{}," delete the set variable?",[15,96631,96632],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[616,96634,96636],{"id":96635},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[15,96638,96639,96640,96642,96643,498],{},"You already have one after ",[19,96641,9462],{},". Printing it shows ",[19,96644,1909],{},[616,96646,3302,96648,2511,96650,572],{"id":96647},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[19,96649,9462],{},[19,96651,1909],{},[15,96653,96654,96656,96657,96659],{},[19,96655,9462],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[19,96658,1909],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[43,96661,1602],{"id":1601},[27,96663,96664,96668,96672,96679,96685,96691],{},[30,96665,96666],{},[373,96667,94504],{"href":95675},[30,96669,96670],{},[373,96671,95514],{"href":96059},[30,96673,96674],{},[373,96675,94990,96677,8880],{"href":96676},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[19,96678,94379],{},[30,96680,96681],{},[373,96682,94990,96683,8880],{"href":96385},[19,96684,53699],{},[30,96686,96687],{},[373,96688,94990,96689,8880],{"href":96390},[19,96690,10907],{},[30,96692,96693],{},[373,96694,94990,96696,8880],{"href":96695},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[19,96697,13101],{},[1634,96699,96700],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":96702},[96703,96705,96706,96707,96714,96715,96724,96733],{"id":95650,"depth":87,"text":96704},"What set.clear() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":95814,"depth":87,"text":96708,"children":96709},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[96710,96712],{"id":95827,"depth":103,"text":96711},"Using clear()",{"id":95931,"depth":103,"text":96713},"Using set()",{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":96716},[96717,96719,96721,96723],{"id":96243,"depth":103,"text":96718},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":96368,"depth":103,"text":96720},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":96395,"depth":103,"text":96722},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":96510,"depth":103,"text":96511},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":96725},[96726,96728,96730,96731],{"id":96616,"depth":103,"text":96727},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":96626,"depth":103,"text":96729},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":96635,"depth":103,"text":96636},{"id":96647,"depth":103,"text":96732},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":95564,"description":96734},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":96741,"title":96742,"body":96743,"description":98575,"extension":1666,"meta":98576,"navigation":317,"path":94507,"seo":98577,"stem":98578,"__hash__":98579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":8,"value":96744,"toc":98532},[96745,96748,96751,96754,96756,96859,96863,96910,96916,96918,96937,96941,96944,96946,96960,96969,96973,96976,97011,97015,97035,97038,97042,97045,97106,97110,97135,97142,97148,97153,97155,97167,97171,97220,97224,97248,97255,97259,97300,97304,97325,97329,97362,97366,97407,97410,97414,97419,97458,97462,97487,97492,97498,97535,97539,97562,97566,97568,97571,97574,97651,97655,97692,97695,97699,97705,97708,97718,97767,97773,97779,97806,97809,97831,97833,97864,97867,97871,97875,97914,97918,97981,97984,98017,98021,98046,98048,98051,98057,98060,98087,98090,98108,98112,98116,98119,98162,98165,98169,98172,98175,98205,98208,98212,98215,98230,98235,98239,98242,98331,98333,98336,98426,98429,98447,98449,98453,98463,98467,98475,98479,98482,98486,98489,98493,98496,98498,98526,98529],[11,96746,96742],{"id":96747},"python-set-creating-a-set",[15,96749,96750],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[15,96752,96753],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[43,96755,1714],{"id":1713},[48,96757,96759],{"className":50,"code":96758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[19,96760,96761,96781,96815,96825,96829,96839,96849],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96762,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96764,1724],{"class":285},[57,96766,289],{"class":76},[57,96768,8629],{"class":67},[57,96770,1078],{"class":80},[57,96772,1081],{"class":67},[57,96774,1084],{"class":80},[57,96776,1081],{"class":67},[57,96778,530],{"class":80},[57,96780,7446],{"class":67},[57,96782,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96784,2186],{"class":285},[57,96786,289],{"class":76},[57,96788,13781],{"class":990},[57,96790,1075],{"class":67},[57,96792,939],{"class":938},[57,96794,2195],{"class":942},[57,96796,939],{"class":938},[57,96798,1081],{"class":67},[57,96800,1449],{"class":938},[57,96802,2204],{"class":942},[57,96804,939],{"class":938},[57,96806,1081],{"class":67},[57,96808,1449],{"class":938},[57,96810,2195],{"class":942},[57,96812,939],{"class":938},[57,96814,2003],{"class":67},[57,96816,96817,96819,96821,96823],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,96818,96466],{"class":285},[57,96820,289],{"class":76},[57,96822,13781],{"class":990},[57,96824,6778],{"class":67},[57,96826,96827],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,96828,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,96830,96831,96833,96835,96837],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,96832,64],{"class":63},[57,96834,68],{"class":67},[57,96836,1756],{"class":238},[57,96838,242],{"class":67},[57,96840,96841,96843,96845,96847],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,96842,64],{"class":63},[57,96844,68],{"class":67},[57,96846,2230],{"class":238},[57,96848,242],{"class":67},[57,96850,96851,96853,96855,96857],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,96852,64],{"class":63},[57,96854,68],{"class":67},[57,96856,96485],{"class":238},[57,96858,242],{"class":67},[15,96860,96861],{},[1854,96862,131],{},[48,96864,96866],{"className":50,"code":96865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[19,96867,96868,96884,96904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96869,96870,96872,96874,96876,96878,96880,96882],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96871,7415],{"class":67},[57,96873,1078],{"class":80},[57,96875,1081],{"class":67},[57,96877,1084],{"class":80},[57,96879,1081],{"class":67},[57,96881,530],{"class":80},[57,96883,7446],{"class":67},[57,96885,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900,96902],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,96887,7415],{"class":67},[57,96889,1395],{"class":938},[57,96891,2204],{"class":942},[57,96893,1395],{"class":938},[57,96895,1081],{"class":67},[57,96897,1390],{"class":938},[57,96899,2195],{"class":942},[57,96901,1395],{"class":938},[57,96903,7446],{"class":67},[57,96905,96906,96908],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,96907,4413],{"class":990},[57,96909,6778],{"class":67},[15,96911,96912,96913,96915],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[19,96914,1909],{}," for an empty set.",[43,96917,13310],{"id":13309},[27,96919,96920,96923,96928,96931,96934],{},[30,96921,96922],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[30,96924,96925,96926],{},"How to create a set with ",[19,96927,1909],{},[30,96929,96930],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[30,96932,96933],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[30,96935,96936],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[43,96938,96940],{"id":96939},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[15,96942,96943],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[15,96945,28696],{},[27,96947,96948,96951,96954,96957],{},[30,96949,96950],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[30,96952,96953],{},"Sets are unordered",[30,96955,96956],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[30,96958,96959],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[15,96961,96962,96963,965,96965,498],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[373,96964,94504],{"href":95675},[373,96966,96968],{"href":96967},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[43,96970,96972],{"id":96971},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[15,96974,96975],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[48,96977,96979],{"className":50,"code":96978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,96980,96981,97001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96982,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96984,1724],{"class":285},[57,96986,289],{"class":76},[57,96988,8629],{"class":67},[57,96990,1078],{"class":80},[57,96992,1081],{"class":67},[57,96994,1084],{"class":80},[57,96996,1081],{"class":67},[57,96998,530],{"class":80},[57,97000,7446],{"class":67},[57,97002,97003,97005,97007,97009],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97004,64],{"class":63},[57,97006,68],{"class":67},[57,97008,1756],{"class":238},[57,97010,242],{"class":67},[15,97012,97013],{},[1854,97014,28185],{},[48,97016,97017],{"className":50,"code":94783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,97018,97019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97020,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97022,7415],{"class":67},[57,97024,1078],{"class":80},[57,97026,1081],{"class":67},[57,97028,1084],{"class":80},[57,97030,1081],{"class":67},[57,97032,530],{"class":80},[57,97034,7446],{"class":67},[15,97036,97037],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[616,97039,97041],{"id":97040},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[15,97043,97044],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[48,97046,97048],{"className":50,"code":97047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[19,97049,97050,97082,97092],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97051,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078,97080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97053,1724],{"class":285},[57,97055,289],{"class":76},[57,97057,8629],{"class":67},[57,97059,1078],{"class":80},[57,97061,1081],{"class":67},[57,97063,1084],{"class":80},[57,97065,1081],{"class":67},[57,97067,1084],{"class":80},[57,97069,1081],{"class":67},[57,97071,530],{"class":80},[57,97073,1081],{"class":67},[57,97075,530],{"class":80},[57,97077,1081],{"class":67},[57,97079,530],{"class":80},[57,97081,7446],{"class":67},[57,97083,97084,97086,97088,97090],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97085,64],{"class":63},[57,97087,68],{"class":67},[57,97089,1756],{"class":238},[57,97091,242],{"class":67},[57,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,97095,64],{"class":63},[57,97097,68],{"class":67},[57,97099,9302],{"class":63},[57,97101,68],{"class":67},[57,97103,1756],{"class":238},[57,97105,84],{"class":67},[15,97107,97108],{},[1854,97109,28185],{},[48,97111,97113],{"className":50,"code":97112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[19,97114,97115,97131],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97116,97117,97119,97121,97123,97125,97127,97129],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97118,7415],{"class":67},[57,97120,1078],{"class":80},[57,97122,1081],{"class":67},[57,97124,1084],{"class":80},[57,97126,1081],{"class":67},[57,97128,530],{"class":80},[57,97130,7446],{"class":67},[57,97132,97133],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97134,44784],{"class":80},[15,97136,19129,97137,2511,97139,97141],{},[19,97138,116],{},[19,97140,122],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[43,97143,97145,97146],{"id":97144},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[19,97147,1909],{},[15,97149,154,97150,97152],{},[19,97151,1909],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[15,97154,3581],{},[27,97156,97157,97159,97161,97163],{},[30,97158,95263],{},[30,97160,94559],{},[30,97162,54635],{},[30,97164,97165],{},[19,97166,34359],{},[616,97168,97170],{"id":97169},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[48,97172,97174],{"className":50,"code":97173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,97175,97176,97210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97177,97178,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97179,1724],{"class":285},[57,97181,289],{"class":76},[57,97183,13781],{"class":990},[57,97185,1075],{"class":67},[57,97187,1078],{"class":80},[57,97189,1081],{"class":67},[57,97191,1084],{"class":80},[57,97193,1081],{"class":67},[57,97195,1084],{"class":80},[57,97197,1081],{"class":67},[57,97199,530],{"class":80},[57,97201,1081],{"class":67},[57,97203,530],{"class":80},[57,97205,1081],{"class":67},[57,97207,536],{"class":80},[57,97209,2003],{"class":67},[57,97211,97212,97214,97216,97218],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97213,64],{"class":63},[57,97215,68],{"class":67},[57,97217,1756],{"class":238},[57,97219,242],{"class":67},[15,97221,97222],{},[1854,97223,28185],{},[48,97225,97226],{"className":50,"code":94446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,97227,97228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97229,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238,97240,97242,97244,97246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97231,7415],{"class":67},[57,97233,1078],{"class":80},[57,97235,1081],{"class":67},[57,97237,1084],{"class":80},[57,97239,1081],{"class":67},[57,97241,530],{"class":80},[57,97243,1081],{"class":67},[57,97245,536],{"class":80},[57,97247,7446],{"class":67},[15,97249,97250,97251,498],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[373,97252,97254],{"href":97253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[616,97256,97258],{"id":97257},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[48,97260,97262],{"className":50,"code":97261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[19,97263,97264,97290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97265,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97267,1935],{"class":285},[57,97269,289],{"class":76},[57,97271,13781],{"class":990},[57,97273,3635],{"class":67},[57,97275,407],{"class":80},[57,97277,1081],{"class":67},[57,97279,5921],{"class":80},[57,97281,1081],{"class":67},[57,97283,5921],{"class":80},[57,97285,1081],{"class":67},[57,97287,5926],{"class":80},[57,97289,84],{"class":67},[57,97291,97292,97294,97296,97298],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97293,64],{"class":63},[57,97295,68],{"class":67},[57,97297,3482],{"class":238},[57,97299,242],{"class":67},[15,97301,97302],{},[1854,97303,28185],{},[48,97305,97307],{"className":50,"code":97306,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[19,97308,97309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97310,97311,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97312,7415],{"class":67},[57,97314,407],{"class":80},[57,97316,1081],{"class":67},[57,97318,5921],{"class":80},[57,97320,1081],{"class":67},[57,97322,5926],{"class":80},[57,97324,7446],{"class":67},[616,97326,97328],{"id":97327},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[48,97330,97332],{"className":50,"code":97331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,97333,97334,97352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97335,97336,97338,97340,97342,97344,97346,97348,97350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97337,34251],{"class":285},[57,97339,289],{"class":76},[57,97341,13781],{"class":990},[57,97343,68],{"class":67},[57,97345,939],{"class":938},[57,97347,1958],{"class":942},[57,97349,939],{"class":938},[57,97351,242],{"class":67},[57,97353,97354,97356,97358,97360],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97355,64],{"class":63},[57,97357,68],{"class":67},[57,97359,34304],{"class":238},[57,97361,242],{"class":67},[15,97363,97364],{},[1854,97365,28185],{},[48,97367,97369],{"className":50,"code":97368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[19,97370,97371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97372,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395,97397,97399,97401,97403,97405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97374,7415],{"class":67},[57,97376,1395],{"class":938},[57,97378,58610],{"class":942},[57,97380,1395],{"class":938},[57,97382,1081],{"class":67},[57,97384,1390],{"class":938},[57,97386,58619],{"class":942},[57,97388,1395],{"class":938},[57,97390,1081],{"class":67},[57,97392,1390],{"class":938},[57,97394,58628],{"class":942},[57,97396,1395],{"class":938},[57,97398,1081],{"class":67},[57,97400,1390],{"class":938},[57,97402,58645],{"class":942},[57,97404,1395],{"class":938},[57,97406,7446],{"class":67},[15,97408,97409],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[43,97411,97413],{"id":97412},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[15,97415,97416,97417,498],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[19,97418,1909],{},[48,97420,97422],{"className":50,"code":97421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[19,97423,97424,97434,97444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97425,97426,97428,97430,97432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97427,96466],{"class":285},[57,97429,289],{"class":76},[57,97431,13781],{"class":990},[57,97433,6778],{"class":67},[57,97435,97436,97438,97440,97442],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97437,64],{"class":63},[57,97439,68],{"class":67},[57,97441,96485],{"class":238},[57,97443,242],{"class":67},[57,97445,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454,97456],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,97447,64],{"class":63},[57,97449,68],{"class":67},[57,97451,1315],{"class":990},[57,97453,68],{"class":67},[57,97455,96485],{"class":238},[57,97457,84],{"class":67},[15,97459,97460],{},[1854,97461,131],{},[48,97463,97465],{"className":50,"code":97464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[19,97466,97467,97473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97468,97469,97471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97470,4413],{"class":990},[57,97472,6778],{"class":67},[57,97474,97475,97477,97479,97481,97483,97485],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97476,1384],{"class":76},[57,97478,1387],{"class":125},[57,97480,1390],{"class":938},[57,97482,4413],{"class":942},[57,97484,1395],{"class":938},[57,97486,1398],{"class":76},[616,97488,42595,97490],{"id":97489},"do-not-use",[19,97491,1904],{},[15,97493,97494,97495,97497],{},"Empty braces do ",[1854,97496,2750],{}," create a set.",[48,97499,97501],{"className":50,"code":97500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[19,97502,97503,97511,97521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97504,97505,97507,97509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97506,96410],{"class":285},[57,97508,289],{"class":76},[57,97510,7976],{"class":67},[57,97512,97513,97515,97517,97519],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97514,64],{"class":63},[57,97516,68],{"class":67},[57,97518,96427],{"class":238},[57,97520,242],{"class":67},[57,97522,97523,97525,97527,97529,97531,97533],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,97524,64],{"class":63},[57,97526,68],{"class":67},[57,97528,1315],{"class":990},[57,97530,68],{"class":67},[57,97532,96427],{"class":238},[57,97534,84],{"class":67},[15,97536,97537],{},[1854,97538,131],{},[48,97540,97542],{"className":50,"code":97541,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[19,97543,97544,97548],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97545,97546],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97547,7572],{"class":67},[57,97549,97550,97552,97554,97556,97558,97560],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97551,1384],{"class":76},[57,97553,1387],{"class":125},[57,97555,1390],{"class":938},[57,97557,6957],{"class":942},[57,97559,1395],{"class":938},[57,97561,1398],{"class":76},[15,97563,97564,6924],{},[19,97565,1904],{},[43,97567,70442],{"id":70441},[15,97569,97570],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[15,97572,97573],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[48,97575,97577],{"className":50,"code":97576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[19,97578,97579,97627,97637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97580,97581,97583,97585,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601,97603,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617,97619,97621,97623,97625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97582,2186],{"class":285},[57,97584,289],{"class":76},[57,97586,8629],{"class":67},[57,97588,939],{"class":938},[57,97590,2195],{"class":942},[57,97592,939],{"class":938},[57,97594,1081],{"class":67},[57,97596,1449],{"class":938},[57,97598,2204],{"class":942},[57,97600,939],{"class":938},[57,97602,1081],{"class":67},[57,97604,1449],{"class":938},[57,97606,2195],{"class":942},[57,97608,939],{"class":938},[57,97610,1081],{"class":67},[57,97612,1449],{"class":938},[57,97614,2195],{"class":942},[57,97616,939],{"class":938},[57,97618,1081],{"class":67},[57,97620,1449],{"class":938},[57,97622,31378],{"class":942},[57,97624,939],{"class":938},[57,97626,7446],{"class":67},[57,97628,97629,97631,97633,97635],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97630,64],{"class":63},[57,97632,68],{"class":67},[57,97634,2230],{"class":238},[57,97636,242],{"class":67},[57,97638,97639,97641,97643,97645,97647,97649],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,97640,64],{"class":63},[57,97642,68],{"class":67},[57,97644,9302],{"class":63},[57,97646,68],{"class":67},[57,97648,2230],{"class":238},[57,97650,84],{"class":67},[15,97652,97653],{},[1854,97654,28185],{},[48,97656,97658],{"className":50,"code":97657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[19,97659,97660,97688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97661,97662,97664,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674,97676,97678,97680,97682,97684,97686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97663,7415],{"class":67},[57,97665,1395],{"class":938},[57,97667,2204],{"class":942},[57,97669,1395],{"class":938},[57,97671,1081],{"class":67},[57,97673,1390],{"class":938},[57,97675,31378],{"class":942},[57,97677,1395],{"class":938},[57,97679,1081],{"class":67},[57,97681,1390],{"class":938},[57,97683,2195],{"class":942},[57,97685,1395],{"class":938},[57,97687,7446],{"class":67},[57,97689,97690],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97691,44784],{"class":80},[15,97693,97694],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[43,97696,97698],{"id":97697},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[15,97700,97701,97702,97704],{},"Set items must be ",[1854,97703,94547],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[15,97706,97707],{},"These usually work:",[27,97709,97710,97712,97714,97716],{},[30,97711,54632],{},[30,97713,54635],{},[30,97715,94559],{},[30,97717,38759],{},[48,97719,97721],{"className":50,"code":97720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[19,97722,97723,97757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97724,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749,97751,97753,97755],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97726,1935],{"class":285},[57,97728,289],{"class":76},[57,97730,8629],{"class":67},[57,97732,1078],{"class":80},[57,97734,1081],{"class":67},[57,97736,1449],{"class":938},[57,97738,2195],{"class":942},[57,97740,939],{"class":938},[57,97742,1081],{"class":67},[57,97744,7373],{"class":67},[57,97746,407],{"class":80},[57,97748,1081],{"class":67},[57,97750,5921],{"class":80},[57,97752,7370],{"class":67},[57,97754,2031],{"class":1965},[57,97756,7446],{"class":67},[57,97758,97759,97761,97763,97765],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97760,64],{"class":63},[57,97762,68],{"class":67},[57,97764,3482],{"class":238},[57,97766,242],{"class":67},[15,97768,97769,97770,97772],{},"These do ",[1854,97771,2750],{}," work directly:",[27,97774,97775,97777],{},[30,97776,95263],{},[30,97778,95266],{},[48,97780,97782],{"className":50,"code":97781,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[19,97783,97784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97785,97786,97789,97791,97794,97796,97798,97800,97802,97804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97787,97788],{"class":285},"bad_set ",[57,97790,289],{"class":76},[57,97792,97793],{"class":67}," {[",[57,97795,1078],{"class":80},[57,97797,1081],{"class":67},[57,97799,1084],{"class":80},[57,97801,1081],{"class":67},[57,97803,530],{"class":80},[57,97805,11852],{"class":67},[15,97807,97808],{},"This raises an error:",[48,97810,97811],{"className":50,"code":95322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,97812,97813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97814,97815,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827,97829],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97816,1097],{"class":990},[57,97818,972],{"class":67},[57,97820,95333],{"class":285},[57,97822,1315],{"class":990},[57,97824,972],{"class":67},[57,97826,1390],{"class":938},[57,97828,6226],{"class":942},[57,97830,27855],{"class":938},[15,97832,50249],{},[48,97834,97836],{"className":50,"code":97835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[19,97837,97838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97839,97840,97842,97844,97847,97849,97851,97853,97855,97857,97859,97861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97841,97788],{"class":285},[57,97843,289],{"class":76},[57,97845,97846],{"class":67}," {{",[57,97848,939],{"class":938},[57,97850,5798],{"class":942},[57,97852,939],{"class":938},[57,97854,972],{"class":67},[57,97856,1449],{"class":938},[57,97858,5807],{"class":942},[57,97860,939],{"class":938},[57,97862,97863],{"class":67},"}}\n",[15,97865,97866],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,97868,97870],{"id":97869},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[616,97872,97874],{"id":97873},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[48,97876,97878],{"className":50,"code":97877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,97879,97880,97904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97881,97882,97884,97886,97888,97890,97892,97894,97896,97898,97900,97902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97883,1724],{"class":285},[57,97885,289],{"class":76},[57,97887,8629],{"class":67},[57,97889,1078],{"class":80},[57,97891,1081],{"class":67},[57,97893,1084],{"class":80},[57,97895,1081],{"class":67},[57,97897,530],{"class":80},[57,97899,1081],{"class":67},[57,97901,536],{"class":80},[57,97903,7446],{"class":67},[57,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97907,64],{"class":63},[57,97909,68],{"class":67},[57,97911,1756],{"class":238},[57,97913,242],{"class":67},[616,97915,97917],{"id":97916},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[48,97919,97921],{"className":50,"code":97920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[19,97922,97923,97951,97966,97970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97924,97925,97927,97929,97931,97933,97935,97937,97939,97941,97943,97945,97947,97949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97926,5910],{"class":285},[57,97928,289],{"class":76},[57,97930,1729],{"class":67},[57,97932,1078],{"class":80},[57,97934,1081],{"class":67},[57,97936,3622],{"class":80},[57,97938,1081],{"class":67},[57,97940,1084],{"class":80},[57,97942,1081],{"class":67},[57,97944,530],{"class":80},[57,97946,1081],{"class":67},[57,97948,530],{"class":80},[57,97950,1742],{"class":67},[57,97952,97953,97956,97958,97960,97962,97964],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,97954,97955],{"class":285},"unique_items ",[57,97957,289],{"class":76},[57,97959,13781],{"class":990},[57,97961,68],{"class":67},[57,97963,5941],{"class":238},[57,97965,242],{"class":67},[57,97967,97968],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,97969,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,97971,97972,97974,97976,97979],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,97973,64],{"class":63},[57,97975,68],{"class":67},[57,97977,97978],{"class":238},"unique_items",[57,97980,242],{"class":67},[616,97982,97328],{"id":97983},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[48,97985,97987],{"className":50,"code":97986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,97988,97989,98007],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97990,97991,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97992,34251],{"class":285},[57,97994,289],{"class":76},[57,97996,13781],{"class":990},[57,97998,68],{"class":67},[57,98000,939],{"class":938},[57,98002,2204],{"class":942},[57,98004,939],{"class":938},[57,98006,242],{"class":67},[57,98008,98009,98011,98013,98015],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98010,64],{"class":63},[57,98012,68],{"class":67},[57,98014,34304],{"class":238},[57,98016,242],{"class":67},[616,98018,98020],{"id":98019},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[48,98022,98024],{"className":50,"code":98023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[19,98025,98026,98036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98027,98028,98030,98032,98034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98029,96466],{"class":285},[57,98031,289],{"class":76},[57,98033,13781],{"class":990},[57,98035,6778],{"class":67},[57,98037,98038,98040,98042,98044],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98039,64],{"class":63},[57,98041,68],{"class":67},[57,98043,96485],{"class":238},[57,98045,242],{"class":67},[43,98047,913],{"id":912},[15,98049,98050],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[616,98052,6551,98054,98056],{"id":98053},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[19,98055,1904],{}," and expecting an empty set",[15,98058,98059],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[48,98061,98063],{"className":50,"code":98062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[19,98064,98065,98073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98066,98067,98069,98071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98068,525],{"class":285},[57,98070,289],{"class":76},[57,98072,7976],{"class":67},[57,98074,98075,98077,98079,98081,98083,98085],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98076,64],{"class":63},[57,98078,68],{"class":67},[57,98080,1315],{"class":990},[57,98082,68],{"class":67},[57,98084,552],{"class":238},[57,98086,84],{"class":67},[15,98088,98089],{},"This prints:",[48,98091,98092],{"className":50,"code":6944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,98093,98094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98095,98096,98098,98100,98102,98104,98106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98097,1384],{"class":76},[57,98099,1387],{"class":125},[57,98101,1390],{"class":938},[57,98103,6957],{"class":942},[57,98105,1395],{"class":938},[57,98107,1398],{"class":76},[15,98109,154,98110,4759],{},[19,98111,1909],{},[616,98113,98115],{"id":98114},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[15,98117,98118],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[48,98120,98122],{"className":50,"code":98121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,98123,98124,98152],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98125,98126,98128,98130,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98127,1724],{"class":285},[57,98129,289],{"class":76},[57,98131,8629],{"class":67},[57,98133,1078],{"class":80},[57,98135,1081],{"class":67},[57,98137,3622],{"class":80},[57,98139,1081],{"class":67},[57,98141,1084],{"class":80},[57,98143,1081],{"class":67},[57,98145,1084],{"class":80},[57,98147,1081],{"class":67},[57,98149,530],{"class":80},[57,98151,7446],{"class":67},[57,98153,98154,98156,98158,98160],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98155,64],{"class":63},[57,98157,68],{"class":67},[57,98159,1756],{"class":238},[57,98161,242],{"class":67},[15,98163,98164],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[616,98166,98168],{"id":98167},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[15,98170,98171],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[15,98173,98174],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[48,98176,98178],{"className":50,"code":98177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[19,98179,98180,98200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98181,98182,98184,98186,98188,98190,98192,98194,98196,98198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98183,1724],{"class":285},[57,98185,289],{"class":76},[57,98187,8629],{"class":67},[57,98189,407],{"class":80},[57,98191,1081],{"class":67},[57,98193,5921],{"class":80},[57,98195,1081],{"class":67},[57,98197,5926],{"class":80},[57,98199,7446],{"class":67},[57,98201,98202],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98203,98204],{"class":1772},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,98206,98207],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[616,98209,98211],{"id":98210},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[15,98213,98214],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[48,98216,98218],{"className":50,"code":98217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[19,98219,98220,98225],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98221,98222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98223,98224],{"class":1772},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[57,98226,98227],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98228,98229],{"class":1772},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,98231,98232,98233,498],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[19,98234,1097],{},[616,98236,98238],{"id":98237},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[15,98240,98241],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[48,98243,98245],{"className":50,"code":98244,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[19,98246,98247,98267,98299,98303,98317],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98248,98249,98251,98253,98255,98257,98259,98261,98263,98265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98250,13776],{"class":285},[57,98252,289],{"class":76},[57,98254,8629],{"class":67},[57,98256,1078],{"class":80},[57,98258,1081],{"class":67},[57,98260,1084],{"class":80},[57,98262,1081],{"class":67},[57,98264,530],{"class":80},[57,98266,7446],{"class":67},[57,98268,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98270,9867],{"class":285},[57,98272,289],{"class":76},[57,98274,8629],{"class":67},[57,98276,939],{"class":938},[57,98278,373],{"class":942},[57,98280,939],{"class":938},[57,98282,972],{"class":67},[57,98284,3622],{"class":80},[57,98286,1081],{"class":67},[57,98288,1449],{"class":938},[57,98290,2881],{"class":942},[57,98292,939],{"class":938},[57,98294,972],{"class":67},[57,98296,1084],{"class":80},[57,98298,7446],{"class":67},[57,98300,98301],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,98302,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,98304,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,98306,64],{"class":63},[57,98308,68],{"class":67},[57,98310,1315],{"class":990},[57,98312,68],{"class":67},[57,98314,13814],{"class":238},[57,98316,84],{"class":67},[57,98318,98319,98321,98323,98325,98327,98329],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,98320,64],{"class":63},[57,98322,68],{"class":67},[57,98324,1315],{"class":990},[57,98326,68],{"class":67},[57,98328,9591],{"class":238},[57,98330,84],{"class":67},[43,98332,90959],{"id":90958},[15,98334,98335],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[48,98337,98339],{"className":50,"code":98338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[19,98340,98341,98367,98371,98385,98395,98409,98416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98342,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98344,13776],{"class":285},[57,98346,289],{"class":76},[57,98348,13781],{"class":990},[57,98350,1075],{"class":67},[57,98352,1078],{"class":80},[57,98354,1081],{"class":67},[57,98356,1084],{"class":80},[57,98358,1081],{"class":67},[57,98360,1084],{"class":80},[57,98362,1081],{"class":67},[57,98364,530],{"class":80},[57,98366,2003],{"class":67},[57,98368,98369],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98370,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,98372,98373,98375,98377,98379,98381,98383],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,98374,64],{"class":63},[57,98376,68],{"class":67},[57,98378,1315],{"class":990},[57,98380,68],{"class":67},[57,98382,13814],{"class":238},[57,98384,84],{"class":67},[57,98386,98387,98389,98391,98393],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,98388,64],{"class":63},[57,98390,68],{"class":67},[57,98392,13814],{"class":238},[57,98394,242],{"class":67},[57,98396,98397,98399,98401,98403,98405,98407],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,98398,64],{"class":63},[57,98400,68],{"class":67},[57,98402,9302],{"class":63},[57,98404,68],{"class":67},[57,98406,13814],{"class":238},[57,98408,84],{"class":67},[57,98410,98411,98413],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,98412,64],{"class":63},[57,98414,98415],{"class":67},"({})\n",[57,98417,98418,98420,98422,98424],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,98419,64],{"class":63},[57,98421,68],{"class":67},[57,98423,4413],{"class":990},[57,98425,5323],{"class":67},[15,98427,98428],{},"Use these to confirm:",[27,98430,98431,98434,98437,98440],{},[30,98432,98433],{},"The object type",[30,98435,98436],{},"The actual values stored",[30,98438,98439],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[30,98441,98442,98443,2511,98445],{},"The difference between ",[19,98444,1904],{},[19,98446,1909],{},[43,98448,1554],{"id":1553},[616,98450,98452],{"id":98451},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[15,98454,98455,98456,98459,98460,98462],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[19,98457,98458],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[19,98461,1909],{}," with another iterable.",[616,98464,98466],{"id":98465},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[15,98468,154,98469,98471,98472,98474],{},[19,98470,1909],{},". Empty braces ",[19,98473,1904],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[616,98476,98478],{"id":98477},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[15,98480,98481],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[616,98483,98485],{"id":98484},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[15,98487,98488],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[616,98490,98492],{"id":98491},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[15,98494,98495],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[43,98497,1602],{"id":1601},[27,98499,98500,98504,98510,98516,98521],{},[30,98501,98502],{},[373,98503,94504],{"href":95675},[30,98505,98506],{},[373,98507,1680,98508,8880],{"href":96676},[19,98509,94384],{},[30,98511,98512],{},[373,98513,1680,98514,8880],{"href":96695},[19,98515,95490],{},[30,98517,98518],{},[373,98519,98520],{"href":97253},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[30,98522,98523],{},[373,98524,98525],{"href":96967},"What is a set in Python?",[15,98527,98528],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1634,98530,98531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":98533},[98534,98535,98536,98537,98540,98546,98550,98551,98552,98558,98566,98567,98574],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":13309,"depth":87,"text":13310},{"id":96939,"depth":87,"text":96940},{"id":96971,"depth":87,"text":96972,"children":98538},[98539],{"id":97040,"depth":103,"text":97041},{"id":97144,"depth":87,"text":98541,"children":98542},"Create a set with set()",[98543,98544,98545],{"id":97169,"depth":103,"text":97170},{"id":97257,"depth":103,"text":97258},{"id":97327,"depth":103,"text":97328},{"id":97412,"depth":87,"text":97413,"children":98547},[98548],{"id":97489,"depth":103,"text":98549},"Do not use {}",{"id":70441,"depth":87,"text":70442},{"id":97697,"depth":87,"text":97698},{"id":97869,"depth":87,"text":97870,"children":98553},[98554,98555,98556,98557],{"id":97873,"depth":103,"text":97874},{"id":97916,"depth":103,"text":97917},{"id":97983,"depth":103,"text":97328},{"id":98019,"depth":103,"text":98020},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":98559},[98560,98562,98563,98564,98565],{"id":98053,"depth":103,"text":98561},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":98114,"depth":103,"text":98115},{"id":98167,"depth":103,"text":98168},{"id":98210,"depth":103,"text":98211},{"id":98237,"depth":103,"text":98238},{"id":90958,"depth":87,"text":90959},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":98568},[98569,98570,98571,98572,98573],{"id":98451,"depth":103,"text":98452},{"id":98465,"depth":103,"text":98466},{"id":98477,"depth":103,"text":98478},{"id":98484,"depth":103,"text":98485},{"id":98491,"depth":103,"text":98492},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":96742,"description":98575},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":98581,"title":98582,"body":98583,"description":101014,"extension":1666,"meta":101015,"navigation":317,"path":101016,"seo":101017,"stem":101018,"__hash__":101019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":8,"value":98584,"toc":100979},[98585,98591,98597,98600,98602,98679,98681,98698,98708,98710,98715,98723,98725,98741,98745,98747,98749,98752,98773,98776,98800,98806,98808,98905,98907,98924,98934,98936,98938,98946,98948,98959,98961,99052,99054,99078,99089,99091,99093,99096,99226,99228,99301,99303,99324,99327,99329,99335,99340,99343,99470,99472,99489,99492,99494,99502,99505,99509,99517,99608,99610,99647,99652,99659,99736,99738,99754,99759,99764,99766,99775,99783,99864,99866,99895,99898,99902,99913,99916,99999,100001,100022,100028,100030,100032,100036,100040,100047,100112,100114,100134,100137,100206,100208,100224,100228,100234,100246,100254,100256,100341,100343,100372,100375,100379,100384,100386,100436,100439,100520,100522,100538,100542,100545,100620,100623,100627,100630,100707,100709,100742,100748,100752,100755,100890,100892,100906,100908,100910,100916,100919,100926,100934,100940,100943,100947,100950,100952,100954,100976],[11,98586,94376,98588,9463],{"id":98587},"python-set-difference-method",[19,98589,98590],{},"difference()",[15,98592,98593,98596],{},[19,98594,98595],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[15,98598,98599],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[43,98601,1714],{"id":1713},[48,98603,98605],{"className":50,"code":98604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[19,98606,98607,98631,98651,98669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98608,98609,98611,98613,98615,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98610,636],{"class":285},[57,98612,289],{"class":76},[57,98614,8629],{"class":67},[57,98616,1078],{"class":80},[57,98618,1081],{"class":67},[57,98620,1084],{"class":80},[57,98622,1081],{"class":67},[57,98624,530],{"class":80},[57,98626,1081],{"class":67},[57,98628,536],{"class":80},[57,98630,7446],{"class":67},[57,98632,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98634,664],{"class":285},[57,98636,289],{"class":76},[57,98638,8629],{"class":67},[57,98640,122],{"class":80},[57,98642,1081],{"class":67},[57,98644,536],{"class":80},[57,98646,1081],{"class":67},[57,98648,2724],{"class":80},[57,98650,7446],{"class":67},[57,98652,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,98654,300],{"class":285},[57,98656,289],{"class":76},[57,98658,55058],{"class":285},[57,98660,498],{"class":67},[57,98662,894],{"class":238},[57,98664,68],{"class":67},[57,98666,2881],{"class":238},[57,98668,242],{"class":67},[57,98670,98671,98673,98675,98677],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,98672,64],{"class":63},[57,98674,68],{"class":67},[57,98676,339],{"class":238},[57,98678,242],{"class":67},[15,98680,131],{},[48,98682,98684],{"className":50,"code":98683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n",[19,98685,98686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98687,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98689,7415],{"class":67},[57,98691,1078],{"class":80},[57,98693,1081],{"class":67},[57,98695,1084],{"class":80},[57,98697,7446],{"class":67},[15,98699,98700,98702,98703,98705,98706,498],{},[19,98701,98590],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[19,98704,373],{}," that are not in ",[19,98707,2881],{},[43083,98709],{},[43,98711,1787,98713,1790],{"id":98712},"what-difference-does",[19,98714,98590],{},[15,98716,17,98717,98719,98720,98722],{},[19,98718,98590],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[1854,98721,2750],{}," appear in the other set.",[15,98724,11197],{},[27,98726,98727,98732,98735,98738],{},[30,98728,98729,98731],{},[19,98730,98590],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[30,98733,98734],{},"It creates a new set",[30,98736,98737],{},"It does not change the original set",[30,98739,98740],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[15,98742,94500,98743,498],{},[373,98744,94504],{"href":95675},[43083,98746],{},[43,98748,221],{"id":220},[15,98750,98751],{},"Use this form:",[48,98753,98755],{"className":50,"code":98754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[19,98756,98757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98758,98759,98762,98764,98766,98768,98771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98760,98761],{"class":285},"set1",[57,98763,498],{"class":67},[57,98765,894],{"class":238},[57,98767,68],{"class":67},[57,98769,98770],{"class":238},"set2",[57,98772,242],{"class":67},[15,98774,98775],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[48,98777,98779],{"className":50,"code":98778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[19,98780,98781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98782,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98784,98761],{"class":285},[57,98786,498],{"class":67},[57,98788,894],{"class":238},[57,98790,68],{"class":67},[57,98792,98770],{"class":238},[57,98794,1081],{"class":67},[57,98796,98797],{"class":238}," set3",[57,98799,242],{"class":67},[15,98801,98802,98803,98805],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[1854,98804,3477],{}," of the other sets.",[15,98807,275],{},[48,98809,98811],{"className":50,"code":98810,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[19,98812,98813,98841,98857,98869,98873,98895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98814,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98816,636],{"class":285},[57,98818,289],{"class":76},[57,98820,8629],{"class":67},[57,98822,1078],{"class":80},[57,98824,1081],{"class":67},[57,98826,1084],{"class":80},[57,98828,1081],{"class":67},[57,98830,530],{"class":80},[57,98832,1081],{"class":67},[57,98834,536],{"class":80},[57,98836,1081],{"class":67},[57,98838,2724],{"class":80},[57,98840,7446],{"class":67},[57,98842,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98844,664],{"class":285},[57,98846,289],{"class":76},[57,98848,8629],{"class":67},[57,98850,116],{"class":80},[57,98852,1081],{"class":67},[57,98854,530],{"class":80},[57,98856,7446],{"class":67},[57,98858,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,98860,81359],{"class":285},[57,98862,289],{"class":76},[57,98864,8629],{"class":67},[57,98866,199],{"class":80},[57,98868,7446],{"class":67},[57,98870,98871],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,98872,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,98874,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,98876,300],{"class":285},[57,98878,289],{"class":76},[57,98880,55058],{"class":285},[57,98882,498],{"class":67},[57,98884,894],{"class":238},[57,98886,68],{"class":67},[57,98888,2881],{"class":238},[57,98890,1081],{"class":67},[57,98892,7819],{"class":238},[57,98894,242],{"class":67},[57,98896,98897,98899,98901,98903],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,98898,64],{"class":63},[57,98900,68],{"class":67},[57,98902,339],{"class":238},[57,98904,242],{"class":67},[15,98906,131],{},[48,98908,98910],{"className":50,"code":98909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 4}\n",[19,98911,98912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98913,98914,98916,98918,98920,98922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98915,7415],{"class":67},[57,98917,1078],{"class":80},[57,98919,1081],{"class":67},[57,98921,536],{"class":80},[57,98923,7446],{"class":67},[15,98925,98926,98927,98929,98930,965,98932,498],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[19,98928,373],{}," and removes anything found in ",[19,98931,2881],{},[19,98933,7877],{},[43083,98935],{},[43,98937,15568],{"id":15567},[15,98939,98940,98942,98943,498],{},[19,98941,98590],{}," always returns a ",[1854,98944,98945],{},"new set",[15,98947,41816],{},[27,98949,98950,98953,98956],{},[30,98951,98952],{},"The return value is a new set",[30,98954,98955],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[30,98957,98958],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[15,98960,275],{},[48,98962,98964],{"className":50,"code":98963,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,98965,98966,98982,99002,99006,99024,99028,99038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98967,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98969,636],{"class":285},[57,98971,289],{"class":76},[57,98973,8629],{"class":67},[57,98975,1078],{"class":80},[57,98977,1081],{"class":67},[57,98979,1084],{"class":80},[57,98981,7446],{"class":67},[57,98983,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,98985,664],{"class":285},[57,98987,289],{"class":76},[57,98989,8629],{"class":67},[57,98991,1078],{"class":80},[57,98993,1081],{"class":67},[57,98995,1084],{"class":80},[57,98997,1081],{"class":67},[57,98999,530],{"class":80},[57,99001,7446],{"class":67},[57,99003,99004],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99005,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99007,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,99009,300],{"class":285},[57,99011,289],{"class":76},[57,99013,55058],{"class":285},[57,99015,498],{"class":67},[57,99017,894],{"class":238},[57,99019,68],{"class":67},[57,99021,2881],{"class":238},[57,99023,242],{"class":67},[57,99025,99026],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,99027,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99029,99030,99032,99034,99036],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,99031,64],{"class":63},[57,99033,68],{"class":67},[57,99035,339],{"class":238},[57,99037,242],{"class":67},[57,99039,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,99041,64],{"class":63},[57,99043,68],{"class":67},[57,99045,1315],{"class":990},[57,99047,68],{"class":67},[57,99049,339],{"class":238},[57,99051,84],{"class":67},[15,99053,131],{},[48,99055,99056],{"className":50,"code":97464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,99057,99058,99064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99059,99060,99062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99061,4413],{"class":990},[57,99063,6778],{"class":67},[57,99065,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99067,1384],{"class":76},[57,99069,1387],{"class":125},[57,99071,1390],{"class":938},[57,99073,4413],{"class":942},[57,99075,1395],{"class":938},[57,99077,1398],{"class":76},[15,99079,99080,99081,17114,99083,99085,99086,99088],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[19,99082,1909],{},[19,99084,1904],{},". In Python, ",[19,99087,1904],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[43083,99090],{},[43,99092,9617],{"id":9616},[15,99094,99095],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[48,99097,99099],{"className":50,"code":99098,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[19,99100,99101,99134,99167,99171,99191,99195,99205,99216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99102,99103,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99104,99105],{"class":285},"fruits_a ",[57,99107,289],{"class":76},[57,99109,8629],{"class":67},[57,99111,939],{"class":938},[57,99113,2195],{"class":942},[57,99115,939],{"class":938},[57,99117,1081],{"class":67},[57,99119,1449],{"class":938},[57,99121,2204],{"class":942},[57,99123,939],{"class":938},[57,99125,1081],{"class":67},[57,99127,1449],{"class":938},[57,99129,31378],{"class":942},[57,99131,939],{"class":938},[57,99133,7446],{"class":67},[57,99135,99136,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99137,99138],{"class":285},"fruits_b ",[57,99140,289],{"class":76},[57,99142,8629],{"class":67},[57,99144,939],{"class":938},[57,99146,2204],{"class":942},[57,99148,939],{"class":938},[57,99150,1081],{"class":67},[57,99152,1449],{"class":938},[57,99154,31378],{"class":942},[57,99156,939],{"class":938},[57,99158,1081],{"class":67},[57,99160,1449],{"class":938},[57,99162,20685],{"class":942},[57,99164,939],{"class":938},[57,99166,7446],{"class":67},[57,99168,99169],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99170,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99172,99173,99175,99177,99180,99182,99184,99186,99189],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,99174,300],{"class":285},[57,99176,289],{"class":76},[57,99178,99179],{"class":285}," fruits_a",[57,99181,498],{"class":67},[57,99183,894],{"class":238},[57,99185,68],{"class":67},[57,99187,99188],{"class":238},"fruits_b",[57,99190,242],{"class":67},[57,99192,99193],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,99194,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99196,99197,99199,99201,99203],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,99198,64],{"class":63},[57,99200,68],{"class":67},[57,99202,339],{"class":238},[57,99204,242],{"class":67},[57,99206,99207,99209,99211,99214],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,99208,64],{"class":63},[57,99210,68],{"class":67},[57,99212,99213],{"class":238},"fruits_a",[57,99215,242],{"class":67},[57,99217,99218,99220,99222,99224],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,99219,64],{"class":63},[57,99221,68],{"class":67},[57,99223,99188],{"class":238},[57,99225,242],{"class":67},[15,99227,28185],{},[48,99229,99231],{"className":50,"code":99230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[19,99232,99233,99245,99273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99234,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99236,7415],{"class":67},[57,99238,1395],{"class":938},[57,99240,2195],{"class":942},[57,99242,1395],{"class":938},[57,99244,7446],{"class":67},[57,99246,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99248,7415],{"class":67},[57,99250,1395],{"class":938},[57,99252,2204],{"class":942},[57,99254,1395],{"class":938},[57,99256,1081],{"class":67},[57,99258,1390],{"class":938},[57,99260,31378],{"class":942},[57,99262,1395],{"class":938},[57,99264,1081],{"class":67},[57,99266,1390],{"class":938},[57,99268,2195],{"class":942},[57,99270,1395],{"class":938},[57,99272,7446],{"class":67},[57,99274,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99276,7415],{"class":67},[57,99278,1395],{"class":938},[57,99280,2204],{"class":942},[57,99282,1395],{"class":938},[57,99284,1081],{"class":67},[57,99286,1390],{"class":938},[57,99288,31378],{"class":942},[57,99290,1395],{"class":938},[57,99292,1081],{"class":67},[57,99294,1390],{"class":938},[57,99296,20685],{"class":942},[57,99298,1395],{"class":938},[57,99300,7446],{"class":67},[15,99302,9826],{},[27,99304,99305,99310,99315,99321],{},[30,99306,99307,99308],{},"Start with ",[19,99309,99213],{},[30,99311,99312,99313],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[19,99314,99188],{},[30,99316,99317,99318,99320],{},"Only ",[19,99319,56004],{}," remains",[30,99322,99323],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[15,99325,99326],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[43083,99328],{},[43,99330,6551,99332,99334],{"id":99331},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[19,99333,98590],{}," with multiple sets",[15,99336,99337,99338,498],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[19,99339,98590],{},[15,99341,99342],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[48,99344,99346],{"className":50,"code":99345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[19,99347,99348,99380,99397,99410,99427,99431,99460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99349,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99351,1724],{"class":285},[57,99353,289],{"class":76},[57,99355,8629],{"class":67},[57,99357,1078],{"class":80},[57,99359,1081],{"class":67},[57,99361,1084],{"class":80},[57,99363,1081],{"class":67},[57,99365,530],{"class":80},[57,99367,1081],{"class":67},[57,99369,536],{"class":80},[57,99371,1081],{"class":67},[57,99373,2724],{"class":80},[57,99375,1081],{"class":67},[57,99377,35806],{"class":80},[57,99379,7446],{"class":67},[57,99381,99382,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99383,99384],{"class":285},"group_a ",[57,99386,289],{"class":76},[57,99388,8629],{"class":67},[57,99390,116],{"class":80},[57,99392,1081],{"class":67},[57,99394,536],{"class":80},[57,99396,7446],{"class":67},[57,99398,99399,99402,99404,99406,99408],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99400,99401],{"class":285},"group_b ",[57,99403,289],{"class":76},[57,99405,8629],{"class":67},[57,99407,199],{"class":80},[57,99409,7446],{"class":67},[57,99411,99412,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,99413,99414],{"class":285},"group_c ",[57,99416,289],{"class":76},[57,99418,8629],{"class":67},[57,99420,78767],{"class":80},[57,99422,1081],{"class":67},[57,99424,4119],{"class":80},[57,99426,7446],{"class":67},[57,99428,99429],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,99430,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99432,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99448,99450,99453,99455,99458],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,99434,300],{"class":285},[57,99436,289],{"class":76},[57,99438,2380],{"class":285},[57,99440,498],{"class":67},[57,99442,894],{"class":238},[57,99444,68],{"class":67},[57,99446,99447],{"class":238},"group_a",[57,99449,1081],{"class":67},[57,99451,99452],{"class":238}," group_b",[57,99454,1081],{"class":67},[57,99456,99457],{"class":238}," group_c",[57,99459,242],{"class":67},[57,99461,99462,99464,99466,99468],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,99463,64],{"class":63},[57,99465,68],{"class":67},[57,99467,339],{"class":238},[57,99469,242],{"class":67},[15,99471,131],{},[48,99473,99475],{"className":50,"code":99474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3}\n",[19,99476,99477],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99478,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99480,7415],{"class":67},[57,99482,1078],{"class":80},[57,99484,1081],{"class":67},[57,99486,530],{"class":80},[57,99488,7446],{"class":67},[15,99490,99491],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[43083,99493],{},[43,99495,99497,8724,99499],{"id":99496},"difference-vs-difference_update",[19,99498,98590],{},[19,99500,99501],{},"difference_update()",[15,99503,99504],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[616,99506,99507],{"id":894},[19,99508,98590],{},[27,99510,99511,99514],{},[30,99512,99513],{},"Returns a new set",[30,99515,99516],{},"Does not change the original set",[48,99518,99520],{"className":50,"code":99519,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[19,99521,99522,99546,99562,99566,99584,99588,99598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99523,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99525,636],{"class":285},[57,99527,289],{"class":76},[57,99529,8629],{"class":67},[57,99531,1078],{"class":80},[57,99533,1081],{"class":67},[57,99535,1084],{"class":80},[57,99537,1081],{"class":67},[57,99539,530],{"class":80},[57,99541,1081],{"class":67},[57,99543,536],{"class":80},[57,99545,7446],{"class":67},[57,99547,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99549,664],{"class":285},[57,99551,289],{"class":76},[57,99553,8629],{"class":67},[57,99555,122],{"class":80},[57,99557,1081],{"class":67},[57,99559,536],{"class":80},[57,99561,7446],{"class":67},[57,99563,99564],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99565,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99567,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578,99580,99582],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,99569,300],{"class":285},[57,99571,289],{"class":76},[57,99573,55058],{"class":285},[57,99575,498],{"class":67},[57,99577,894],{"class":238},[57,99579,68],{"class":67},[57,99581,2881],{"class":238},[57,99583,242],{"class":67},[57,99585,99586],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,99587,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99589,99590,99592,99594,99596],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,99591,64],{"class":63},[57,99593,68],{"class":67},[57,99595,339],{"class":238},[57,99597,242],{"class":67},[57,99599,99600,99602,99604,99606],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,99601,64],{"class":63},[57,99603,68],{"class":67},[57,99605,373],{"class":238},[57,99607,242],{"class":67},[15,99609,131],{},[48,99611,99613],{"className":50,"code":99612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[19,99614,99615,99627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99616,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99618,7415],{"class":67},[57,99620,1078],{"class":80},[57,99622,1081],{"class":67},[57,99624,1084],{"class":80},[57,99626,7446],{"class":67},[57,99628,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99630,7415],{"class":67},[57,99632,1078],{"class":80},[57,99634,1081],{"class":67},[57,99636,1084],{"class":80},[57,99638,1081],{"class":67},[57,99640,530],{"class":80},[57,99642,1081],{"class":67},[57,99644,536],{"class":80},[57,99646,7446],{"class":67},[616,99648,99650],{"id":99649},"difference_update",[19,99651,99501],{},[27,99653,99654,99657],{},[30,99655,99656],{},"Changes the original set",[30,99658,94494],{},[48,99660,99662],{"className":50,"code":99661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[19,99663,99664,99688,99704,99708,99722,99726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99665,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99667,636],{"class":285},[57,99669,289],{"class":76},[57,99671,8629],{"class":67},[57,99673,1078],{"class":80},[57,99675,1081],{"class":67},[57,99677,1084],{"class":80},[57,99679,1081],{"class":67},[57,99681,530],{"class":80},[57,99683,1081],{"class":67},[57,99685,536],{"class":80},[57,99687,7446],{"class":67},[57,99689,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99691,664],{"class":285},[57,99693,289],{"class":76},[57,99695,8629],{"class":67},[57,99697,122],{"class":80},[57,99699,1081],{"class":67},[57,99701,536],{"class":80},[57,99703,7446],{"class":67},[57,99705,99706],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99707,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99709,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,99711,373],{"class":285},[57,99713,498],{"class":67},[57,99715,99649],{"class":238},[57,99717,68],{"class":67},[57,99719,2881],{"class":238},[57,99721,242],{"class":67},[57,99723,99724],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,99725,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99727,99728,99730,99732,99734],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,99729,64],{"class":63},[57,99731,68],{"class":67},[57,99733,373],{"class":238},[57,99735,242],{"class":67},[15,99737,131],{},[48,99739,99740],{"className":50,"code":98683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,99741,99742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99743,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99745,7415],{"class":67},[57,99747,1078],{"class":80},[57,99749,1081],{"class":67},[57,99751,1084],{"class":80},[57,99753,7446],{"class":67},[15,99755,154,99756,99758],{},[19,99757,98590],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[15,99760,99761,99762,31758],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[19,99763,99501],{},[43083,99765],{},[43,99767,99769,99771,99772,99774],{"id":99768},"difference-vs-the-operator",[19,99770,98590],{}," vs the ",[19,99773,77],{}," operator",[15,99776,17,99777,99779,99780,99782],{},[19,99778,77],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[19,99781,98590],{}," for two sets.",[48,99784,99786],{"className":50,"code":99785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[19,99787,99788,99812,99828,99832,99850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99789,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99791,636],{"class":285},[57,99793,289],{"class":76},[57,99795,8629],{"class":67},[57,99797,1078],{"class":80},[57,99799,1081],{"class":67},[57,99801,1084],{"class":80},[57,99803,1081],{"class":67},[57,99805,530],{"class":80},[57,99807,1081],{"class":67},[57,99809,536],{"class":80},[57,99811,7446],{"class":67},[57,99813,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99815,664],{"class":285},[57,99817,289],{"class":76},[57,99819,8629],{"class":67},[57,99821,122],{"class":80},[57,99823,1081],{"class":67},[57,99825,536],{"class":80},[57,99827,7446],{"class":67},[57,99829,99830],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99831,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99833,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,99835,64],{"class":63},[57,99837,68],{"class":67},[57,99839,373],{"class":238},[57,99841,498],{"class":67},[57,99843,894],{"class":238},[57,99845,68],{"class":67},[57,99847,2881],{"class":238},[57,99849,84],{"class":67},[57,99851,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860,99862],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,99853,64],{"class":63},[57,99855,68],{"class":67},[57,99857,636],{"class":238},[57,99859,77],{"class":76},[57,99861,641],{"class":238},[57,99863,242],{"class":67},[15,99865,131],{},[48,99867,99869],{"className":50,"code":99868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[19,99870,99871,99883],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99872,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99874,7415],{"class":67},[57,99876,1078],{"class":80},[57,99878,1081],{"class":67},[57,99880,1084],{"class":80},[57,99882,7446],{"class":67},[57,99884,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99886,7415],{"class":67},[57,99888,1078],{"class":80},[57,99890,1081],{"class":67},[57,99892,1084],{"class":80},[57,99894,7446],{"class":67},[15,99896,99897],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[15,99899,92764,99900,572],{},[19,99901,98590],{},[27,99903,99904,99907,99910],{},[30,99905,99906],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[30,99908,99909],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[30,99911,99912],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[15,99914,99915],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[48,99917,99919],{"className":50,"code":99918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[19,99920,99921,99949,99961,99973,99977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99922,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937,99939,99941,99943,99945,99947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99924,636],{"class":285},[57,99926,289],{"class":76},[57,99928,8629],{"class":67},[57,99930,1078],{"class":80},[57,99932,1081],{"class":67},[57,99934,1084],{"class":80},[57,99936,1081],{"class":67},[57,99938,530],{"class":80},[57,99940,1081],{"class":67},[57,99942,536],{"class":80},[57,99944,1081],{"class":67},[57,99946,2724],{"class":80},[57,99948,7446],{"class":67},[57,99950,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,99952,664],{"class":285},[57,99954,289],{"class":76},[57,99956,8629],{"class":67},[57,99958,116],{"class":80},[57,99960,7446],{"class":67},[57,99962,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,99964,81359],{"class":285},[57,99966,289],{"class":76},[57,99968,8629],{"class":67},[57,99970,585],{"class":80},[57,99972,7446],{"class":67},[57,99974,99975],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,99976,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,99978,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,99980,64],{"class":63},[57,99982,68],{"class":67},[57,99984,373],{"class":238},[57,99986,498],{"class":67},[57,99988,894],{"class":238},[57,99990,68],{"class":67},[57,99992,2881],{"class":238},[57,99994,1081],{"class":67},[57,99996,7819],{"class":238},[57,99998,84],{"class":67},[15,100000,131],{},[48,100002,100004],{"className":50,"code":100003,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[19,100005,100006],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100007,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100009,7415],{"class":67},[57,100011,1078],{"class":80},[57,100013,1081],{"class":67},[57,100015,530],{"class":80},[57,100017,1081],{"class":67},[57,100019,2724],{"class":80},[57,100021,7446],{"class":67},[15,100023,100024,100025,100027],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[19,100026,77],{}," operator expression.",[43083,100029],{},[43,100031,2637],{"id":2636},[15,100033,19363,100034,498],{},[19,100035,98590],{},[616,100037,100039],{"id":100038},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[15,100041,2747,100042,100044,100045,972],{},[1854,100043,2750],{}," change ",[19,100046,373],{},[48,100048,100050],{"className":50,"code":100049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[19,100051,100052,100072,100084,100088,100102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100053,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100055,636],{"class":285},[57,100057,289],{"class":76},[57,100059,8629],{"class":67},[57,100061,1078],{"class":80},[57,100063,1081],{"class":67},[57,100065,1084],{"class":80},[57,100067,1081],{"class":67},[57,100069,530],{"class":80},[57,100071,7446],{"class":67},[57,100073,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100075,664],{"class":285},[57,100077,289],{"class":76},[57,100079,8629],{"class":67},[57,100081,122],{"class":80},[57,100083,7446],{"class":67},[57,100085,100086],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100087,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100089,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100091,373],{"class":285},[57,100093,498],{"class":67},[57,100095,894],{"class":238},[57,100097,68],{"class":67},[57,100099,2881],{"class":238},[57,100101,242],{"class":67},[57,100103,100104,100106,100108,100110],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,100105,64],{"class":63},[57,100107,68],{"class":67},[57,100109,373],{"class":238},[57,100111,242],{"class":67},[15,100113,131],{},[48,100115,100116],{"className":50,"code":94783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,100117,100118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100119,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100121,7415],{"class":67},[57,100123,1078],{"class":80},[57,100125,1081],{"class":67},[57,100127,1084],{"class":80},[57,100129,1081],{"class":67},[57,100131,530],{"class":80},[57,100133,7446],{"class":67},[15,100135,100136],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[48,100138,100140],{"className":50,"code":100139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[19,100141,100142,100162,100174,100178,100196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100143,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100145,636],{"class":285},[57,100147,289],{"class":76},[57,100149,8629],{"class":67},[57,100151,1078],{"class":80},[57,100153,1081],{"class":67},[57,100155,1084],{"class":80},[57,100157,1081],{"class":67},[57,100159,530],{"class":80},[57,100161,7446],{"class":67},[57,100163,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100165,664],{"class":285},[57,100167,289],{"class":76},[57,100169,8629],{"class":67},[57,100171,122],{"class":80},[57,100173,7446],{"class":67},[57,100175,100176],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100177,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100179,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192,100194],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100181,636],{"class":285},[57,100183,289],{"class":76},[57,100185,55058],{"class":285},[57,100187,498],{"class":67},[57,100189,894],{"class":238},[57,100191,68],{"class":67},[57,100193,2881],{"class":238},[57,100195,242],{"class":67},[57,100197,100198,100200,100202,100204],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,100199,64],{"class":63},[57,100201,68],{"class":67},[57,100203,373],{"class":238},[57,100205,242],{"class":67},[15,100207,131],{},[48,100209,100210],{"className":50,"code":98683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,100211,100212],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100213,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100215,7415],{"class":67},[57,100217,1078],{"class":80},[57,100219,1081],{"class":67},[57,100221,1084],{"class":80},[57,100223,7446],{"class":67},[616,100225,100227],{"id":100226},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[15,100229,100230,100233],{},[19,100231,100232],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[27,100235,100236,100241],{},[30,100237,100238,100239],{},"keep items from ",[19,100240,373],{},[30,100242,100243,100244],{},"remove anything also in ",[19,100245,2881],{},[15,100247,39070,100248,100250,100251,100253],{},[1854,100249,2750],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[19,100252,2881],{},"”.",[15,100255,275],{},[48,100257,100259],{"className":50,"code":100258,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[19,100260,100261,100281,100301,100305,100323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100262,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100264,636],{"class":285},[57,100266,289],{"class":76},[57,100268,8629],{"class":67},[57,100270,1078],{"class":80},[57,100272,1081],{"class":67},[57,100274,1084],{"class":80},[57,100276,1081],{"class":67},[57,100278,530],{"class":80},[57,100280,7446],{"class":67},[57,100282,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293,100295,100297,100299],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100284,664],{"class":285},[57,100286,289],{"class":76},[57,100288,8629],{"class":67},[57,100290,122],{"class":80},[57,100292,1081],{"class":67},[57,100294,536],{"class":80},[57,100296,1081],{"class":67},[57,100298,2724],{"class":80},[57,100300,7446],{"class":67},[57,100302,100303],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100304,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100306,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100308,64],{"class":63},[57,100310,68],{"class":67},[57,100312,373],{"class":238},[57,100314,498],{"class":67},[57,100316,894],{"class":238},[57,100318,68],{"class":67},[57,100320,2881],{"class":238},[57,100322,84],{"class":67},[57,100324,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,100326,64],{"class":63},[57,100328,68],{"class":67},[57,100330,2881],{"class":238},[57,100332,498],{"class":67},[57,100334,894],{"class":238},[57,100336,68],{"class":67},[57,100338,373],{"class":238},[57,100340,84],{"class":67},[15,100342,131],{},[48,100344,100346],{"className":50,"code":100345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[19,100347,100348,100360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100349,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100351,7415],{"class":67},[57,100353,1078],{"class":80},[57,100355,1081],{"class":67},[57,100357,1084],{"class":80},[57,100359,7446],{"class":67},[57,100361,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100363,7415],{"class":67},[57,100365,585],{"class":80},[57,100367,1081],{"class":67},[57,100369,2724],{"class":80},[57,100371,7446],{"class":67},[15,100373,100374],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[616,100376,100378],{"id":100377},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[15,100380,100381,100383],{},[19,100382,98590],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[15,100385,53489],{},[48,100387,100389],{"className":50,"code":100388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[19,100390,100391,100411,100427,100431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100392,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100394,636],{"class":285},[57,100396,289],{"class":76},[57,100398,1729],{"class":67},[57,100400,1078],{"class":80},[57,100402,1081],{"class":67},[57,100404,1084],{"class":80},[57,100406,1081],{"class":67},[57,100408,530],{"class":80},[57,100410,1742],{"class":67},[57,100412,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100414,664],{"class":285},[57,100416,289],{"class":76},[57,100418,1729],{"class":67},[57,100420,122],{"class":80},[57,100422,1081],{"class":67},[57,100424,536],{"class":80},[57,100426,1742],{"class":67},[57,100428,100429],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100430,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100432,100433],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100434,100435],{"class":1772},"# a.difference(b)\n",[15,100437,100438],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[48,100440,100442],{"className":50,"code":100441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[19,100443,100444,100464,100480,100484,100510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100445,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460,100462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100447,636],{"class":285},[57,100449,289],{"class":76},[57,100451,1729],{"class":67},[57,100453,1078],{"class":80},[57,100455,1081],{"class":67},[57,100457,1084],{"class":80},[57,100459,1081],{"class":67},[57,100461,530],{"class":80},[57,100463,1742],{"class":67},[57,100465,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100467,664],{"class":285},[57,100469,289],{"class":76},[57,100471,1729],{"class":67},[57,100473,122],{"class":80},[57,100475,1081],{"class":67},[57,100477,536],{"class":80},[57,100479,1742],{"class":67},[57,100481,100482],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100483,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100485,100486,100488,100490,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100487,300],{"class":285},[57,100489,289],{"class":76},[57,100491,13781],{"class":990},[57,100493,68],{"class":67},[57,100495,373],{"class":238},[57,100497,6766],{"class":67},[57,100499,894],{"class":238},[57,100501,68],{"class":67},[57,100503,4413],{"class":990},[57,100505,68],{"class":67},[57,100507,2881],{"class":238},[57,100509,84],{"class":67},[57,100511,100512,100514,100516,100518],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,100513,64],{"class":63},[57,100515,68],{"class":67},[57,100517,339],{"class":238},[57,100519,242],{"class":67},[15,100521,131],{},[48,100523,100524],{"className":50,"code":98683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,100525,100526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100527,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100529,7415],{"class":67},[57,100531,1078],{"class":80},[57,100533,1081],{"class":67},[57,100535,1084],{"class":80},[57,100537,7446],{"class":67},[616,100539,100541],{"id":100540},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[15,100543,100544],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[48,100546,100548],{"className":50,"code":100547,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[19,100549,100550,100582,100598,100602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100551,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576,100578,100580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100553,636],{"class":285},[57,100555,289],{"class":76},[57,100557,8629],{"class":67},[57,100559,939],{"class":938},[57,100561,35209],{"class":942},[57,100563,939],{"class":938},[57,100565,1081],{"class":67},[57,100567,1449],{"class":938},[57,100569,56298],{"class":942},[57,100571,939],{"class":938},[57,100573,1081],{"class":67},[57,100575,1449],{"class":938},[57,100577,56315],{"class":942},[57,100579,939],{"class":938},[57,100581,7446],{"class":67},[57,100583,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100585,664],{"class":285},[57,100587,289],{"class":76},[57,100589,8629],{"class":67},[57,100591,939],{"class":938},[57,100593,56298],{"class":942},[57,100595,939],{"class":938},[57,100597,7446],{"class":67},[57,100599,100600],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100601,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100603,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100605,64],{"class":63},[57,100607,68],{"class":67},[57,100609,373],{"class":238},[57,100611,498],{"class":67},[57,100613,894],{"class":238},[57,100615,68],{"class":67},[57,100617,2881],{"class":238},[57,100619,84],{"class":67},[15,100621,100622],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[616,100624,100626],{"id":100625},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[15,100628,100629],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[48,100631,100633],{"className":50,"code":100632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[19,100634,100635,100663,100675,100679,100689],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100636,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100638,636],{"class":285},[57,100640,289],{"class":76},[57,100642,8629],{"class":67},[57,100644,1078],{"class":80},[57,100646,1081],{"class":67},[57,100648,3622],{"class":80},[57,100650,1081],{"class":67},[57,100652,1084],{"class":80},[57,100654,1081],{"class":67},[57,100656,1084],{"class":80},[57,100658,1081],{"class":67},[57,100660,530],{"class":80},[57,100662,7446],{"class":67},[57,100664,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100666,664],{"class":285},[57,100668,289],{"class":76},[57,100670,8629],{"class":67},[57,100672,122],{"class":80},[57,100674,7446],{"class":67},[57,100676,100677],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100678,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100680,100681,100683,100685,100687],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100682,64],{"class":63},[57,100684,68],{"class":67},[57,100686,373],{"class":238},[57,100688,242],{"class":67},[57,100690,100691,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,100692,64],{"class":63},[57,100694,68],{"class":67},[57,100696,373],{"class":238},[57,100698,498],{"class":67},[57,100700,894],{"class":238},[57,100702,68],{"class":67},[57,100704,2881],{"class":238},[57,100706,84],{"class":67},[15,100708,131],{},[48,100710,100712],{"className":50,"code":100711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[19,100713,100714,100730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100715,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100717,7415],{"class":67},[57,100719,1078],{"class":80},[57,100721,1081],{"class":67},[57,100723,1084],{"class":80},[57,100725,1081],{"class":67},[57,100727,530],{"class":80},[57,100729,7446],{"class":67},[57,100731,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100733,7415],{"class":67},[57,100735,1078],{"class":80},[57,100737,1081],{"class":67},[57,100739,1084],{"class":80},[57,100741,7446],{"class":67},[15,100743,100744,100745,100747],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[19,100746,98590],{}," runs.",[616,100749,100751],{"id":100750},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[15,100753,100754],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[48,100756,100758],{"className":50,"code":100757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[19,100759,100760,100784,100804,100808,100818,100828,100846,100868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100761,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100763,636],{"class":285},[57,100765,289],{"class":76},[57,100767,8629],{"class":67},[57,100769,1078],{"class":80},[57,100771,1081],{"class":67},[57,100773,1084],{"class":80},[57,100775,1081],{"class":67},[57,100777,530],{"class":80},[57,100779,1081],{"class":67},[57,100781,536],{"class":80},[57,100783,7446],{"class":67},[57,100785,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,100787,664],{"class":285},[57,100789,289],{"class":76},[57,100791,8629],{"class":67},[57,100793,122],{"class":80},[57,100795,1081],{"class":67},[57,100797,536],{"class":80},[57,100799,1081],{"class":67},[57,100801,2724],{"class":80},[57,100803,7446],{"class":67},[57,100805,100806],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,100807,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,100809,100810,100812,100814,100816],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,100811,64],{"class":63},[57,100813,68],{"class":67},[57,100815,373],{"class":238},[57,100817,242],{"class":67},[57,100819,100820,100822,100824,100826],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,100821,64],{"class":63},[57,100823,68],{"class":67},[57,100825,2881],{"class":238},[57,100827,242],{"class":67},[57,100829,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838,100840,100842,100844],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,100831,64],{"class":63},[57,100833,68],{"class":67},[57,100835,373],{"class":238},[57,100837,498],{"class":67},[57,100839,894],{"class":238},[57,100841,68],{"class":67},[57,100843,2881],{"class":238},[57,100845,84],{"class":67},[57,100847,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,100849,64],{"class":63},[57,100851,68],{"class":67},[57,100853,1315],{"class":990},[57,100855,68],{"class":67},[57,100857,373],{"class":238},[57,100859,498],{"class":67},[57,100861,894],{"class":238},[57,100863,68],{"class":67},[57,100865,2881],{"class":238},[57,100867,1001],{"class":67},[57,100869,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,100871,64],{"class":63},[57,100873,68],{"class":67},[57,100875,9302],{"class":63},[57,100877,68],{"class":67},[57,100879,373],{"class":238},[57,100881,498],{"class":67},[57,100883,894],{"class":238},[57,100885,68],{"class":67},[57,100887,2881],{"class":238},[57,100889,1001],{"class":67},[15,100891,9311],{},[27,100893,100894,100897,100900,100903],{},[30,100895,100896],{},"what is in each set",[30,100898,100899],{},"what result Python creates",[30,100901,100902],{},"that the result is a set",[30,100904,100905],{},"how many items remain",[43083,100907],{},[43,100909,1554],{"id":1553},[616,100911,10848,100913,100915],{"id":100912},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[19,100914,98590],{}," change the original set?",[15,100917,100918],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[616,100920,3302,100922,2511,100924,572],{"id":100921},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[19,100923,98590],{},[19,100925,99501],{},[15,100927,100928,100930,100931,100933],{},[19,100929,98590],{}," returns a new set. ",[19,100932,99501],{}," modifies the original set.",[616,100935,26483,100937,100939],{"id":100936},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[19,100938,98590],{}," with more than two sets?",[15,100941,100942],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[616,100944,100946],{"id":100945},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[15,100948,100949],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[43083,100951],{},[43,100953,1602],{"id":1601},[27,100955,100956,100960,100968],{},[30,100957,100958],{},[373,100959,94504],{"href":95675},[30,100961,100962],{},[373,100963,94990,100965,8880],{"href":100964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[19,100966,100967],{},"intersection()",[30,100969,100970],{},[373,100971,94990,100973,8880],{"href":100972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[19,100974,100975],{},"union()",[1634,100977,100978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":100980},[100981,100982,100984,100985,100986,100987,100989,100994,100996,101004,101013],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":98712,"depth":87,"text":100983},"What difference() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":99331,"depth":87,"text":100988},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":99496,"depth":87,"text":100990,"children":100991},"difference() vs difference_update()",[100992,100993],{"id":894,"depth":103,"text":98590},{"id":99649,"depth":103,"text":99501},{"id":99768,"depth":87,"text":100995},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":100997},[100998,100999,101000,101001,101002,101003],{"id":100038,"depth":103,"text":100039},{"id":100226,"depth":103,"text":100227},{"id":100377,"depth":103,"text":100378},{"id":100540,"depth":103,"text":100541},{"id":100625,"depth":103,"text":100626},{"id":100750,"depth":103,"text":100751},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":101005},[101006,101008,101010,101012],{"id":100912,"depth":103,"text":101007},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":100921,"depth":103,"text":101009},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":100936,"depth":103,"text":101011},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":100945,"depth":103,"text":100946},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":98582,"description":101014},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":101021,"title":101022,"body":101023,"description":102718,"extension":1666,"meta":102719,"navigation":317,"path":102720,"seo":102721,"stem":102722,"__hash__":102723},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":8,"value":101024,"toc":102680},[101025,101031,101037,101050,101052,101153,101155,101200,101205,101210,101214,101228,101231,101239,101241,101260,101278,101282,101335,101337,101358,101365,101370,101397,101404,101503,101505,101542,101550,101554,101560,101563,101636,101638,101646,101651,101720,101722,101747,101749,101752,101855,101857,101918,101921,101925,101931,102004,102006,102039,102042,102045,102085,102091,102114,102119,102123,102134,102137,102139,102143,102149,102151,102208,102218,102220,102273,102280,102285,102353,102361,102367,102371,102373,102412,102417,102466,102470,102473,102475,102514,102517,102519,102524,102581,102583,102597,102599,102603,102609,102614,102619,102626,102637,102643,102648,102650,102677],[11,101026,94376,101028,9463],{"id":101027},"python-set-discard-method",[19,101029,101030],{},"discard()",[15,101032,101033,101036],{},[19,101034,101035],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[15,101038,101039,101040,256,101045,12200,101047,101049],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[373,101041,101042],{"href":96385},[19,101043,101044],{},"set.remove()",[19,101046,101030],{},[1854,101048,2750],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[43,101051,46],{"id":45},[48,101053,101055],{"className":50,"code":101054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[19,101056,101057,101089,101108,101118,101122,101143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101058,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101060,11221],{"class":285},[57,101062,289],{"class":76},[57,101064,8629],{"class":67},[57,101066,939],{"class":938},[57,101068,11238],{"class":942},[57,101070,939],{"class":938},[57,101072,1081],{"class":67},[57,101074,1449],{"class":938},[57,101076,11255],{"class":942},[57,101078,939],{"class":938},[57,101080,1081],{"class":67},[57,101082,1449],{"class":938},[57,101084,15605],{"class":942},[57,101086,939],{"class":938},[57,101088,7446],{"class":67},[57,101090,101091,101093,101095,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101092,15652],{"class":285},[57,101094,498],{"class":67},[57,101096,101097],{"class":238},"discard",[57,101099,68],{"class":67},[57,101101,939],{"class":938},[57,101103,11255],{"class":942},[57,101105,939],{"class":938},[57,101107,242],{"class":67},[57,101109,101110,101112,101114,101116],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,101111,64],{"class":63},[57,101113,68],{"class":67},[57,101115,15652],{"class":238},[57,101117,242],{"class":67},[57,101119,101120],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,101121,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101123,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,101125,15652],{"class":285},[57,101127,498],{"class":67},[57,101129,101097],{"class":238},[57,101131,68],{"class":67},[57,101133,939],{"class":938},[57,101135,20676],{"class":942},[57,101137,939],{"class":938},[57,101139,1769],{"class":67},[57,101141,101142],{"class":1772},"  # no error if missing\n",[57,101144,101145,101147,101149,101151],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,101146,64],{"class":63},[57,101148,68],{"class":67},[57,101150,15652],{"class":238},[57,101152,242],{"class":67},[15,101154,28185],{},[48,101156,101158],{"className":50,"code":101157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[19,101159,101160,101180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101161,101162,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101163,7415],{"class":67},[57,101165,1395],{"class":938},[57,101167,11238],{"class":942},[57,101169,1395],{"class":938},[57,101171,1081],{"class":67},[57,101173,1390],{"class":938},[57,101175,15605],{"class":942},[57,101177,1395],{"class":938},[57,101179,7446],{"class":67},[57,101181,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101183,7415],{"class":67},[57,101185,1395],{"class":938},[57,101187,11238],{"class":942},[57,101189,1395],{"class":938},[57,101191,1081],{"class":67},[57,101193,1390],{"class":938},[57,101195,15605],{"class":942},[57,101197,1395],{"class":938},[57,101199,7446],{"class":67},[15,101201,154,101202,101204],{},[19,101203,101030],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[43,101206,1787,101208,1790],{"id":101207},"what-setdiscard-does",[19,101209,101035],{},[15,101211,101212,972],{},[19,101213,101030],{},[27,101215,101216,101219,101222,101224],{},[30,101217,101218],{},"Removes one item from a set",[30,101220,101221],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[30,101223,94491],{},[30,101225,9565,101226],{},[19,101227,1890],{},[15,101229,101230],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[15,101232,94500,101233,965,101236,498],{},[373,101234,101235],{"href":96967},"what a set is in Python",[373,101237,101238],{"href":96059},"how to create a set",[43,101240,221],{"id":220},[48,101242,101244],{"className":50,"code":101243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[19,101245,101246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101247,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101249,13814],{"class":285},[57,101251,498],{"class":67},[57,101253,101097],{"class":238},[57,101255,68],{"class":67},[57,101257,552],{"class":238},[57,101259,242],{"class":67},[27,101261,101262,101267,101272,101275],{},[30,101263,101264,101266],{},[19,101265,13814],{}," is the set you want to change",[30,101268,101269,101271],{},[19,101270,552],{}," is the item you want to remove",[30,101273,101274],{},"The set must already exist",[30,101276,101277],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[616,101279,101281],{"id":101280},"example","Example",[48,101283,101285],{"className":50,"code":101284,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,101286,101287,101311,101325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101288,101289,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101290,1724],{"class":285},[57,101292,289],{"class":76},[57,101294,8629],{"class":67},[57,101296,1078],{"class":80},[57,101298,1081],{"class":67},[57,101300,1084],{"class":80},[57,101302,1081],{"class":67},[57,101304,530],{"class":80},[57,101306,1081],{"class":67},[57,101308,536],{"class":80},[57,101310,7446],{"class":67},[57,101312,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101314,1756],{"class":285},[57,101316,498],{"class":67},[57,101318,101097],{"class":238},[57,101320,68],{"class":67},[57,101322,122],{"class":80},[57,101324,242],{"class":67},[57,101326,101327,101329,101331,101333],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,101328,64],{"class":63},[57,101330,68],{"class":67},[57,101332,1756],{"class":238},[57,101334,242],{"class":67},[15,101336,131],{},[48,101338,101340],{"className":50,"code":101339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[19,101341,101342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101343,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101345,7415],{"class":67},[57,101347,1078],{"class":80},[57,101349,1081],{"class":67},[57,101351,1084],{"class":80},[57,101353,1081],{"class":67},[57,101355,536],{"class":80},[57,101357,7446],{"class":67},[43,101359,101361,101362,101364],{"id":101360},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[19,101363,101030],{}," different",[15,101366,101367,101369],{},[19,101368,101030],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[27,101371,101372,101385,101394],{},[30,101373,101374,101375,256,101379,101381,101382,101384],{},"Unlike ",[373,101376,101377],{"href":96385},[19,101378,53699],{},[19,101380,101030],{}," does not raise ",[19,101383,17838],{}," when the item is missing",[30,101386,101374,101387,256,101391,101393],{},[373,101388,101389],{"href":96390},[19,101390,10907],{},[19,101392,101030],{}," removes a specific item",[30,101395,101396],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[616,101398,101400,8724,101402],{"id":101399},"discard-vs-remove",[19,101401,101030],{},[19,101403,53699],{},[48,101405,101407],{"className":50,"code":101406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[19,101408,101409,101433,101437,101458,101468,101472,101493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101410,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101412,5910],{"class":285},[57,101414,289],{"class":76},[57,101416,8629],{"class":67},[57,101418,939],{"class":938},[57,101420,2195],{"class":942},[57,101422,939],{"class":938},[57,101424,1081],{"class":67},[57,101426,1449],{"class":938},[57,101428,2204],{"class":942},[57,101430,939],{"class":938},[57,101432,7446],{"class":67},[57,101434,101435],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101436,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101438,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,101440,5941],{"class":285},[57,101442,498],{"class":67},[57,101444,101097],{"class":238},[57,101446,68],{"class":67},[57,101448,939],{"class":938},[57,101450,31378],{"class":942},[57,101452,939],{"class":938},[57,101454,1769],{"class":67},[57,101456,101457],{"class":1772},"   # no error\n",[57,101459,101460,101462,101464,101466],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,101461,64],{"class":63},[57,101463,68],{"class":67},[57,101465,5941],{"class":238},[57,101467,242],{"class":67},[57,101469,101470],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,101471,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101473,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,101475,5941],{"class":285},[57,101477,498],{"class":67},[57,101479,32953],{"class":238},[57,101481,68],{"class":67},[57,101483,939],{"class":938},[57,101485,2204],{"class":942},[57,101487,939],{"class":938},[57,101489,1769],{"class":67},[57,101491,101492],{"class":1772},"    # removes existing item\n",[57,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,101496,64],{"class":63},[57,101498,68],{"class":67},[57,101500,5941],{"class":238},[57,101502,242],{"class":67},[15,101504,131],{},[48,101506,101508],{"className":50,"code":101507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[19,101509,101510,101530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101511,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101513,7415],{"class":67},[57,101515,1395],{"class":938},[57,101517,2195],{"class":942},[57,101519,1395],{"class":938},[57,101521,1081],{"class":67},[57,101523,1390],{"class":938},[57,101525,2204],{"class":942},[57,101527,1395],{"class":938},[57,101529,7446],{"class":67},[57,101531,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101533,7415],{"class":67},[57,101535,1395],{"class":938},[57,101537,2195],{"class":942},[57,101539,1395],{"class":938},[57,101541,7446],{"class":67},[15,101543,38507,101544,101546,101547,101549],{},[19,101545,53699],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[373,101548,9215],{"href":9214}," for more help with that case.",[43,101551,101553],{"id":101552},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[15,101555,101556,474,101558,498],{},[19,101557,101030],{},[19,101559,1890],{},[15,101561,101562],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[48,101564,101566],{"className":50,"code":101565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,101567,101568,101600,101622,101626],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101569,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101571,11221],{"class":285},[57,101573,289],{"class":76},[57,101575,8629],{"class":67},[57,101577,939],{"class":938},[57,101579,11238],{"class":942},[57,101581,939],{"class":938},[57,101583,1081],{"class":67},[57,101585,1449],{"class":938},[57,101587,11255],{"class":942},[57,101589,939],{"class":938},[57,101591,1081],{"class":67},[57,101593,1449],{"class":938},[57,101595,15605],{"class":942},[57,101597,939],{"class":938},[57,101599,7446],{"class":67},[57,101601,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101603,300],{"class":285},[57,101605,289],{"class":76},[57,101607,11269],{"class":285},[57,101609,498],{"class":67},[57,101611,101097],{"class":238},[57,101613,68],{"class":67},[57,101615,939],{"class":938},[57,101617,11255],{"class":942},[57,101619,939],{"class":938},[57,101621,242],{"class":67},[57,101623,101624],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,101625,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101627,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,101629,64],{"class":63},[57,101631,68],{"class":67},[57,101633,339],{"class":238},[57,101635,242],{"class":67},[15,101637,131],{},[48,101639,101640],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,101641,101642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101643,101644],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101645,9951],{"class":1965},[15,101647,101648,101649,972],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[19,101650,15652],{},[48,101652,101654],{"className":50,"code":101653,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[19,101655,101656,101688,101706,101710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101659,11221],{"class":285},[57,101661,289],{"class":76},[57,101663,8629],{"class":67},[57,101665,939],{"class":938},[57,101667,11238],{"class":942},[57,101669,939],{"class":938},[57,101671,1081],{"class":67},[57,101673,1449],{"class":938},[57,101675,11255],{"class":942},[57,101677,939],{"class":938},[57,101679,1081],{"class":67},[57,101681,1449],{"class":938},[57,101683,15605],{"class":942},[57,101685,939],{"class":938},[57,101687,7446],{"class":67},[57,101689,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101691,15652],{"class":285},[57,101693,498],{"class":67},[57,101695,101097],{"class":238},[57,101697,68],{"class":67},[57,101699,939],{"class":938},[57,101701,11255],{"class":942},[57,101703,939],{"class":938},[57,101705,242],{"class":67},[57,101707,101708],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,101709,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101711,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,101713,64],{"class":63},[57,101715,68],{"class":67},[57,101717,15652],{"class":238},[57,101719,242],{"class":67},[15,101721,131],{},[48,101723,101725],{"className":50,"code":101724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[19,101726,101727],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101728,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101730,7415],{"class":67},[57,101732,1395],{"class":938},[57,101734,11238],{"class":942},[57,101736,1395],{"class":938},[57,101738,1081],{"class":67},[57,101740,1390],{"class":938},[57,101742,15605],{"class":942},[57,101744,1395],{"class":938},[57,101746,7446],{"class":67},[43,101748,9617],{"id":9616},[15,101750,101751],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[48,101753,101755],{"className":50,"code":101754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[19,101756,101757,101789,101793,101811,101815,101833,101837],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101760,34400],{"class":285},[57,101762,289],{"class":76},[57,101764,8629],{"class":67},[57,101766,939],{"class":938},[57,101768,2195],{"class":942},[57,101770,939],{"class":938},[57,101772,1081],{"class":67},[57,101774,1449],{"class":938},[57,101776,2204],{"class":942},[57,101778,939],{"class":938},[57,101780,1081],{"class":67},[57,101782,1449],{"class":938},[57,101784,31378],{"class":942},[57,101786,939],{"class":938},[57,101788,7446],{"class":67},[57,101790,101791],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101792,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101794,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,101796,64],{"class":63},[57,101798,68],{"class":67},[57,101800,939],{"class":938},[57,101802,9706],{"class":942},[57,101804,939],{"class":938},[57,101806,1081],{"class":67},[57,101808,51021],{"class":238},[57,101810,242],{"class":67},[57,101812,101813],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,101814,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,101818,34452],{"class":285},[57,101820,498],{"class":67},[57,101822,101097],{"class":238},[57,101824,68],{"class":67},[57,101826,939],{"class":938},[57,101828,2204],{"class":942},[57,101830,939],{"class":938},[57,101832,242],{"class":67},[57,101834,101835],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,101836,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101838,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,101840,64],{"class":63},[57,101842,68],{"class":67},[57,101844,939],{"class":938},[57,101846,9746],{"class":942},[57,101848,939],{"class":938},[57,101850,1081],{"class":67},[57,101852,51021],{"class":238},[57,101854,242],{"class":67},[15,101856,131],{},[48,101858,101860],{"className":50,"code":101859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[19,101861,101862,101894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101863,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101865,9766],{"class":285},[57,101867,972],{"class":67},[57,101869,8629],{"class":67},[57,101871,1395],{"class":938},[57,101873,2204],{"class":942},[57,101875,1395],{"class":938},[57,101877,1081],{"class":67},[57,101879,1390],{"class":938},[57,101881,2195],{"class":942},[57,101883,1395],{"class":938},[57,101885,1081],{"class":67},[57,101887,1390],{"class":938},[57,101889,31378],{"class":942},[57,101891,1395],{"class":938},[57,101893,7446],{"class":67},[57,101895,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101897,9819],{"class":285},[57,101899,972],{"class":67},[57,101901,8629],{"class":67},[57,101903,1395],{"class":938},[57,101905,2195],{"class":942},[57,101907,1395],{"class":938},[57,101909,1081],{"class":67},[57,101911,1390],{"class":938},[57,101913,31378],{"class":942},[57,101915,1395],{"class":938},[57,101917,7446],{"class":67},[15,101919,101920],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[43,101922,101924],{"id":101923},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[15,101926,101927,101928,101930],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[19,101929,101030],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[48,101932,101934],{"className":50,"code":101933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[19,101935,101936,101968,101972,101990,101994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101937,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101939,34400],{"class":285},[57,101941,289],{"class":76},[57,101943,8629],{"class":67},[57,101945,939],{"class":938},[57,101947,2195],{"class":942},[57,101949,939],{"class":938},[57,101951,1081],{"class":67},[57,101953,1449],{"class":938},[57,101955,2204],{"class":942},[57,101957,939],{"class":938},[57,101959,1081],{"class":67},[57,101961,1449],{"class":938},[57,101963,31378],{"class":942},[57,101965,939],{"class":938},[57,101967,7446],{"class":67},[57,101969,101970],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,101971,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101973,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,101975,34452],{"class":285},[57,101977,498],{"class":67},[57,101979,101097],{"class":238},[57,101981,68],{"class":67},[57,101983,939],{"class":938},[57,101985,20685],{"class":942},[57,101987,939],{"class":938},[57,101989,242],{"class":67},[57,101991,101992],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,101993,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,101995,101996,101998,102000,102002],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,101997,64],{"class":63},[57,101999,68],{"class":67},[57,102001,34452],{"class":238},[57,102003,242],{"class":67},[15,102005,131],{},[48,102007,102009],{"className":50,"code":102008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[19,102010,102011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102012,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102014,7415],{"class":67},[57,102016,1395],{"class":938},[57,102018,2204],{"class":942},[57,102020,1395],{"class":938},[57,102022,1081],{"class":67},[57,102024,1390],{"class":938},[57,102026,2195],{"class":942},[57,102028,1395],{"class":938},[57,102030,1081],{"class":67},[57,102032,1390],{"class":938},[57,102034,31378],{"class":942},[57,102036,1395],{"class":938},[57,102038,7446],{"class":67},[15,102040,102041],{},"No error happens here.",[15,102043,102044],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[48,102046,102048],{"className":50,"code":102047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[19,102049,102050,102066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102051,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102053,5126],{"class":1990},[57,102055,1449],{"class":938},[57,102057,20685],{"class":942},[57,102059,939],{"class":938},[57,102061,19325],{"class":76},[57,102063,51021],{"class":285},[57,102065,4520],{"class":67},[57,102067,102068,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102069,102070],{"class":285},"    fruits",[57,102072,498],{"class":67},[57,102074,32953],{"class":238},[57,102076,68],{"class":67},[57,102078,939],{"class":938},[57,102080,20685],{"class":942},[57,102082,939],{"class":938},[57,102084,242],{"class":67},[15,102086,102087,102088,102090],{},"With ",[19,102089,101030],{},", you can simply write:",[48,102092,102094],{"className":50,"code":102093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[19,102095,102096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102097,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102099,34452],{"class":285},[57,102101,498],{"class":67},[57,102103,101097],{"class":238},[57,102105,68],{"class":67},[57,102107,939],{"class":938},[57,102109,20685],{"class":942},[57,102111,939],{"class":938},[57,102113,242],{"class":67},[43,102115,3082,102117],{"id":102116},"when-to-use-discard",[19,102118,101030],{},[15,102120,154,102121,8740],{},[19,102122,101030],{},[27,102124,102125,102128,102131],{},[30,102126,102127],{},"Missing values are normal",[30,102129,102130],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[30,102132,102133],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[15,102135,102136],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[43,102138,913],{"id":912},[15,102140,6581,102141,498],{},[19,102142,101030],{},[616,102144,6587,102146,102148],{"id":102145},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[19,102147,101030],{}," to return the changed set",[15,102150,2644],{},[48,102152,102154],{"className":50,"code":102153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,102155,102156,102176,102194,102198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102159,1724],{"class":285},[57,102161,289],{"class":76},[57,102163,8629],{"class":67},[57,102165,1078],{"class":80},[57,102167,1081],{"class":67},[57,102169,1084],{"class":80},[57,102171,1081],{"class":67},[57,102173,530],{"class":80},[57,102175,7446],{"class":67},[57,102177,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102179,1724],{"class":285},[57,102181,289],{"class":76},[57,102183,2380],{"class":285},[57,102185,498],{"class":67},[57,102187,101097],{"class":238},[57,102189,68],{"class":67},[57,102191,116],{"class":80},[57,102193,242],{"class":67},[57,102195,102196],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,102197,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,102199,102200,102202,102204,102206],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,102201,64],{"class":63},[57,102203,68],{"class":67},[57,102205,1756],{"class":238},[57,102207,242],{"class":67},[15,102209,102210,40320,102212,6736,102214,474,102216,498],{},[19,102211,1756],{},[19,102213,1890],{},[19,102215,101030],{},[19,102217,1890],{},[15,102219,16991],{},[48,102221,102223],{"className":50,"code":102222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,102224,102225,102245,102259,102263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102226,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102228,1724],{"class":285},[57,102230,289],{"class":76},[57,102232,8629],{"class":67},[57,102234,1078],{"class":80},[57,102236,1081],{"class":67},[57,102238,1084],{"class":80},[57,102240,1081],{"class":67},[57,102242,530],{"class":80},[57,102244,7446],{"class":67},[57,102246,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102248,1756],{"class":285},[57,102250,498],{"class":67},[57,102252,101097],{"class":238},[57,102254,68],{"class":67},[57,102256,116],{"class":80},[57,102258,242],{"class":67},[57,102260,102261],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,102262,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,102264,102265,102267,102269,102271],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,102266,64],{"class":63},[57,102268,68],{"class":67},[57,102270,1756],{"class":238},[57,102272,242],{"class":67},[616,102274,35366,102276,6840,102278],{"id":102275},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[19,102277,101030],{},[19,102279,53699],{},[15,102281,102282,102283,498],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[19,102284,101030],{},[48,102286,102288],{"className":50,"code":102287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[19,102289,102290,102322,102343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102291,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102293,34251],{"class":285},[57,102295,289],{"class":76},[57,102297,8629],{"class":67},[57,102299,939],{"class":938},[57,102301,373],{"class":942},[57,102303,939],{"class":938},[57,102305,1081],{"class":67},[57,102307,1449],{"class":938},[57,102309,2881],{"class":942},[57,102311,939],{"class":938},[57,102313,1081],{"class":67},[57,102315,1449],{"class":938},[57,102317,7877],{"class":942},[57,102319,939],{"class":938},[57,102321,7446],{"class":67},[57,102323,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102325,34304],{"class":285},[57,102327,498],{"class":67},[57,102329,101097],{"class":238},[57,102331,68],{"class":67},[57,102333,939],{"class":938},[57,102335,20229],{"class":942},[57,102337,939],{"class":938},[57,102339,1769],{"class":67},[57,102341,102342],{"class":1772},"   # safe\n",[57,102344,102345,102347,102349,102351],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,102346,64],{"class":63},[57,102348,68],{"class":67},[57,102350,34304],{"class":238},[57,102352,242],{"class":67},[15,102354,102355,102356,44075,102359,498],{},"If you use ",[19,102357,102358],{},"remove(\"z\")",[19,102360,17838],{},[616,102362,23770,102364,102366],{"id":102363},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[19,102365,101030],{}," on a list instead of a set",[15,102368,102369,100383],{},[19,102370,101030],{},[15,102372,14792],{},[48,102374,102376],{"className":50,"code":102375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[19,102377,102378,102398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102379,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102381,5910],{"class":285},[57,102383,289],{"class":76},[57,102385,1729],{"class":67},[57,102387,1078],{"class":80},[57,102389,1081],{"class":67},[57,102391,1084],{"class":80},[57,102393,1081],{"class":67},[57,102395,530],{"class":80},[57,102397,1742],{"class":67},[57,102399,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102401,5941],{"class":285},[57,102403,498],{"class":67},[57,102405,101097],{"class":238},[57,102407,68],{"class":67},[57,102409,116],{"class":80},[57,102411,242],{"class":67},[15,102413,102414,102415,972],{},"Use a set if you need ",[19,102416,101030],{},[48,102418,102420],{"className":50,"code":102419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[19,102421,102422,102442,102456],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102423,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102425,5910],{"class":285},[57,102427,289],{"class":76},[57,102429,8629],{"class":67},[57,102431,1078],{"class":80},[57,102433,1081],{"class":67},[57,102435,1084],{"class":80},[57,102437,1081],{"class":67},[57,102439,530],{"class":80},[57,102441,7446],{"class":67},[57,102443,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102445,5941],{"class":285},[57,102447,498],{"class":67},[57,102449,101097],{"class":238},[57,102451,68],{"class":67},[57,102453,116],{"class":80},[57,102455,242],{"class":67},[57,102457,102458,102460,102462,102464],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,102459,64],{"class":63},[57,102461,68],{"class":67},[57,102463,5941],{"class":238},[57,102465,242],{"class":67},[616,102467,102469],{"id":102468},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[15,102471,102472],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[15,102474,920],{},[48,102476,102478],{"className":50,"code":102477,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[19,102479,102480,102500],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102481,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102483,7302],{"class":285},[57,102485,289],{"class":76},[57,102487,8629],{"class":67},[57,102489,1078],{"class":80},[57,102491,1081],{"class":67},[57,102493,1084],{"class":80},[57,102495,1081],{"class":67},[57,102497,530],{"class":80},[57,102499,7446],{"class":67},[57,102501,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102503,7341],{"class":285},[57,102505,498],{"class":67},[57,102507,101097],{"class":238},[57,102509,1075],{"class":67},[57,102511,116],{"class":80},[57,102513,2003],{"class":67},[15,102515,102516],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[43,102518,7008],{"id":7007},[15,102520,7011,102521,102523],{},[19,102522,101030],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,102525,102527],{"className":50,"code":102526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[19,102528,102529,102539,102553,102567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102530,102531,102533,102535,102537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102532,64],{"class":63},[57,102534,68],{"class":67},[57,102536,13814],{"class":238},[57,102538,242],{"class":67},[57,102540,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549,102551],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102542,64],{"class":63},[57,102544,68],{"class":67},[57,102546,1315],{"class":990},[57,102548,68],{"class":67},[57,102550,13814],{"class":238},[57,102552,84],{"class":67},[57,102554,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,102556,64],{"class":63},[57,102558,68],{"class":67},[57,102560,525],{"class":238},[57,102562,1997],{"class":1990},[57,102564,95100],{"class":238},[57,102566,242],{"class":67},[57,102568,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,102570,30309],{"class":63},[57,102572,68],{"class":67},[57,102574,4413],{"class":990},[57,102576,498],{"class":67},[57,102578,101097],{"class":22903},[57,102580,242],{"class":67},[15,102582,9311],{},[27,102584,102585,102588,102591,102594],{},[30,102586,102587],{},"What is currently in the set",[30,102589,102590],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[30,102592,102593],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[30,102595,102596],{},"How Python documents the method",[43,102598,1554],{"id":1553},[616,102600,102602],{"id":102601},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[15,102604,102605,102606,102608],{},"Nothing happens. ",[19,102607,101030],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[616,102610,3264,102612,10860],{"id":102611},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[19,102613,101035],{},[15,102615,3270,102616,102618],{},[19,102617,1890],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[616,102620,3302,102622,2511,102624,572],{"id":102621},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[19,102623,101030],{},[19,102625,53699],{},[15,102627,102628,102629,24692,102631,102633,102634,102636],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[19,102630,53699],{},[19,102632,17838],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[19,102635,101030],{}," does not.",[616,102638,26483,102640,102642],{"id":102639},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[19,102641,101030],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[15,102644,44532,102645,102647],{},[19,102646,101030],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[43,102649,1602],{"id":1601},[27,102651,102652,102658,102664,102669,102673],{},[30,102653,102654],{},[373,102655,94990,102656,8880],{"href":96385},[19,102657,53699],{},[30,102659,102660],{},[373,102661,94990,102662,8880],{"href":96390},[19,102663,10907],{},[30,102665,102666],{},[373,102667,102668],{"href":96059},"Python set: creating a set",[30,102670,102671],{},[373,102672,98525],{"href":96967},[30,102674,102675],{},[373,102676,9403],{"href":9214},[1634,102678,102679],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":102681},[102682,102683,102685,102688,102693,102694,102695,102696,102698,102707,102708,102717],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":101207,"depth":87,"text":102684},"What set.discard() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":102686},[102687],{"id":101280,"depth":103,"text":101281},{"id":101360,"depth":87,"text":102689,"children":102690},"What makes discard() different",[102691],{"id":101399,"depth":103,"text":102692},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":101552,"depth":87,"text":101553},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":101923,"depth":87,"text":101924},{"id":102116,"depth":87,"text":102697},"When to use discard()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":102699},[102700,102702,102704,102706],{"id":102145,"depth":103,"text":102701},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":102275,"depth":103,"text":102703},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":102363,"depth":103,"text":102705},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":102468,"depth":103,"text":102469},{"id":7007,"depth":87,"text":7008},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":102709},[102710,102711,102713,102715],{"id":102601,"depth":103,"text":102602},{"id":102611,"depth":103,"text":102712},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":102621,"depth":103,"text":102714},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":102639,"depth":103,"text":102716},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":101022,"description":102718},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":102725,"title":102726,"body":102727,"description":104733,"extension":1666,"meta":104734,"navigation":317,"path":104735,"seo":104736,"stem":104737,"__hash__":104738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":102728,"toc":104691},[102729,102732,102740,102745,102756,102758,102813,102817,102837,102842,102846,102851,102853,102867,102869,102944,102946,102979,102984,102989,102991,102993,103008,103011,103019,103024,103039,103041,103130,103132,103221,103227,103231,103233,103271,103273,103297,103300,103315,103317,103372,103374,103407,103409,103414,103418,103422,103427,103492,103494,103514,103520,103524,103581,103583,103604,103608,103613,103658,103660,103693,103696,103700,103733,103735,103764,103768,103772,103775,103777,103796,103798,103844,103849,103863,103865,103896,103901,103904,103948,103950,103978,103982,103986,104002,104005,104070,104072,104084,104087,104091,104094,104099,104127,104129,104147,104153,104192,104194,104212,104218,104247,104249,104267,104270,104287,104289,104294,104298,104301,104327,104334,104339,104354,104363,104367,104370,104401,104407,104410,104419,104422,104424,104426,104484,104487,104512,104514,104518,104521,104525,104533,104537,104540,104544,104547,104549,104572,104574,104615,104622,104630,104633,104664,104666,104688],[11,102730,102726],{"id":102731},"python-set-function-explained",[15,102733,7259,102734,102736,102737,498],{},[19,102735,1909],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[1854,102738,102739],{},"unique values only",[15,102741,33565,102742,102744],{},[19,102743,1909],{}," to:",[27,102746,102747,102750,102753],{},[30,102748,102749],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[30,102751,102752],{},"check whether a value exists",[30,102754,102755],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[43,102757,46],{"id":45},[48,102759,102761],{"className":50,"code":102760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[19,102762,102763,102787,102802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102764,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102766,1724],{"class":285},[57,102768,289],{"class":76},[57,102770,1729],{"class":67},[57,102772,1078],{"class":80},[57,102774,1081],{"class":67},[57,102776,1084],{"class":80},[57,102778,1081],{"class":67},[57,102780,1084],{"class":80},[57,102782,1081],{"class":67},[57,102784,530],{"class":80},[57,102786,1742],{"class":67},[57,102788,102789,102792,102794,102796,102798,102800],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102790,102791],{"class":285},"unique_numbers ",[57,102793,289],{"class":76},[57,102795,13781],{"class":990},[57,102797,68],{"class":67},[57,102799,1756],{"class":238},[57,102801,242],{"class":67},[57,102803,102804,102806,102808,102811],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,102805,64],{"class":63},[57,102807,68],{"class":67},[57,102809,102810],{"class":238},"unique_numbers",[57,102812,242],{"class":67},[15,102814,102815],{},[1854,102816,131],{},[48,102818,102819],{"className":50,"code":94783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,102820,102821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102822,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833,102835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102824,7415],{"class":67},[57,102826,1078],{"class":80},[57,102828,1081],{"class":67},[57,102830,1084],{"class":80},[57,102832,1081],{"class":67},[57,102834,530],{"class":80},[57,102836,7446],{"class":67},[15,102838,154,102839,102841],{},[19,102840,1909],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[43,102843,102845],{"id":102844},"what-set-does","What set() does",[15,102847,102848,102850],{},[19,102849,1909],{}," creates a new set object.",[15,102852,28696],{},[27,102854,102855,102858,102861,102864],{},[30,102856,102857],{},"A set stores unique items only",[30,102859,102860],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[30,102862,102863],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[30,102865,102866],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[15,102868,275],{},[48,102870,102872],{"className":50,"code":102871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[19,102873,102874,102914,102929,102933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102875,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102877,11221],{"class":285},[57,102879,289],{"class":76},[57,102881,1729],{"class":67},[57,102883,939],{"class":938},[57,102885,11238],{"class":942},[57,102887,939],{"class":938},[57,102889,1081],{"class":67},[57,102891,1449],{"class":938},[57,102893,11255],{"class":942},[57,102895,939],{"class":938},[57,102897,1081],{"class":67},[57,102899,1449],{"class":938},[57,102901,11238],{"class":942},[57,102903,939],{"class":938},[57,102905,1081],{"class":67},[57,102907,1449],{"class":938},[57,102909,15605],{"class":942},[57,102911,939],{"class":938},[57,102913,1742],{"class":67},[57,102915,102916,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,102917,102918],{"class":285},"unique_colors ",[57,102920,289],{"class":76},[57,102922,13781],{"class":990},[57,102924,68],{"class":67},[57,102926,15652],{"class":238},[57,102928,242],{"class":67},[57,102930,102931],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,102932,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,102934,102935,102937,102939,102942],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,102936,64],{"class":63},[57,102938,68],{"class":67},[57,102940,102941],{"class":238},"unique_colors",[57,102943,242],{"class":67},[15,102945,28185],{},[48,102947,102949],{"className":50,"code":102948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[19,102950,102951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102952,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102954,7415],{"class":67},[57,102956,1395],{"class":938},[57,102958,11255],{"class":942},[57,102960,1395],{"class":938},[57,102962,1081],{"class":67},[57,102964,1390],{"class":938},[57,102966,15605],{"class":942},[57,102968,1395],{"class":938},[57,102970,1081],{"class":67},[57,102972,1390],{"class":938},[57,102974,11238],{"class":942},[57,102976,1395],{"class":938},[57,102978,7446],{"class":67},[15,102980,361,102981,102983],{},[19,102982,63565],{}," appears only once.",[15,102985,102986,102987,498],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[373,102988,94504],{"href":94503},[43,102990,221],{"id":220},[15,102992,224],{},[48,102994,102996],{"className":50,"code":102995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(iterable)\n",[19,102997,102998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102999,103000,103002,103004,103006],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103001,4413],{"class":990},[57,103003,68],{"class":67},[57,103005,1831],{"class":238},[57,103007,242],{"class":67},[15,103009,103010],{},"The argument is optional.",[27,103012,103013,103016],{},[30,103014,103015],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[30,103017,103018],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[15,103020,103021,103022,972],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[19,103023,1909],{},[27,103025,103026,103028,103030,103032,103036],{},[30,103027,6226],{},[30,103029,47121],{},[30,103031,59346],{},[30,103033,103034],{},[19,103035,34359],{},[30,103037,103038],{},"another set",[15,103040,188],{},[48,103042,103044],{"className":50,"code":103043,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[19,103045,103046,103072,103094,103112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103049,64],{"class":63},[57,103051,68],{"class":67},[57,103053,4413],{"class":990},[57,103055,1075],{"class":67},[57,103057,1078],{"class":80},[57,103059,1081],{"class":67},[57,103061,1084],{"class":80},[57,103063,1081],{"class":67},[57,103065,1084],{"class":80},[57,103067,1081],{"class":67},[57,103069,530],{"class":80},[57,103071,1091],{"class":67},[57,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103075,64],{"class":63},[57,103077,68],{"class":67},[57,103079,4413],{"class":990},[57,103081,3635],{"class":67},[57,103083,407],{"class":80},[57,103085,1081],{"class":67},[57,103087,5921],{"class":80},[57,103089,1081],{"class":67},[57,103091,4130],{"class":80},[57,103093,1001],{"class":67},[57,103095,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,103097,64],{"class":63},[57,103099,68],{"class":67},[57,103101,4413],{"class":990},[57,103103,68],{"class":67},[57,103105,939],{"class":938},[57,103107,1958],{"class":942},[57,103109,939],{"class":938},[57,103111,84],{"class":67},[57,103113,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,103115,64],{"class":63},[57,103117,68],{"class":67},[57,103119,4413],{"class":990},[57,103121,68],{"class":67},[57,103123,58170],{"class":63},[57,103125,68],{"class":67},[57,103127,585],{"class":80},[57,103129,1001],{"class":67},[15,103131,28185],{},[48,103133,103135],{"className":50,"code":103134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[19,103136,103137,103153,103165,103201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103138,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103140,7415],{"class":67},[57,103142,1078],{"class":80},[57,103144,1081],{"class":67},[57,103146,1084],{"class":80},[57,103148,1081],{"class":67},[57,103150,530],{"class":80},[57,103152,7446],{"class":67},[57,103154,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103156,7415],{"class":67},[57,103158,407],{"class":80},[57,103160,1081],{"class":67},[57,103162,5921],{"class":80},[57,103164,7446],{"class":67},[57,103166,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,103168,7415],{"class":67},[57,103170,1395],{"class":938},[57,103172,58610],{"class":942},[57,103174,1395],{"class":938},[57,103176,1081],{"class":67},[57,103178,1390],{"class":938},[57,103180,58619],{"class":942},[57,103182,1395],{"class":938},[57,103184,1081],{"class":67},[57,103186,1390],{"class":938},[57,103188,58628],{"class":942},[57,103190,1395],{"class":938},[57,103192,1081],{"class":67},[57,103194,1390],{"class":938},[57,103196,58645],{"class":942},[57,103198,1395],{"class":938},[57,103200,7446],{"class":67},[57,103202,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,103204,7415],{"class":67},[57,103206,182],{"class":80},[57,103208,1081],{"class":67},[57,103210,3622],{"class":80},[57,103212,1081],{"class":67},[57,103214,1084],{"class":80},[57,103216,1081],{"class":67},[57,103218,530],{"class":80},[57,103220,7446],{"class":67},[15,103222,103223,103224,498],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[373,103225,103226],{"href":63020},"Python list() function explained",[43,103228,103230],{"id":103229},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[15,103232,96456],{},[48,103234,103235],{"className":50,"code":97421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,103236,103237,103247,103257],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103238,103239,103241,103243,103245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103240,96466],{"class":285},[57,103242,289],{"class":76},[57,103244,13781],{"class":990},[57,103246,6778],{"class":67},[57,103248,103249,103251,103253,103255],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103250,64],{"class":63},[57,103252,68],{"class":67},[57,103254,96485],{"class":238},[57,103256,242],{"class":67},[57,103258,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,103260,64],{"class":63},[57,103262,68],{"class":67},[57,103264,1315],{"class":990},[57,103266,68],{"class":67},[57,103268,96485],{"class":238},[57,103270,84],{"class":67},[15,103272,131],{},[48,103274,103275],{"className":50,"code":97464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,103276,103277,103283],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103278,103279,103281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103280,4413],{"class":990},[57,103282,6778],{"class":67},[57,103284,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103286,1384],{"class":76},[57,103288,1387],{"class":125},[57,103290,1390],{"class":938},[57,103292,4413],{"class":942},[57,103294,1395],{"class":938},[57,103296,1398],{"class":76},[15,103298,103299],{},"This is important because:",[27,103301,103302,103307],{},[30,103303,103304,103306],{},[19,103305,1909],{}," creates an empty set",[30,103308,103309,103311,103312,103314],{},[19,103310,1904],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[1854,103313,2750],{}," a set",[15,103316,275],{},[48,103318,103320],{"className":50,"code":103319,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[19,103321,103322,103332,103340,103344,103358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103323,103324,103326,103328,103330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103325,636],{"class":285},[57,103327,289],{"class":76},[57,103329,13781],{"class":990},[57,103331,6778],{"class":67},[57,103333,103334,103336,103338],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103335,664],{"class":285},[57,103337,289],{"class":76},[57,103339,7976],{"class":67},[57,103341,103342],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,103343,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,103345,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,103347,64],{"class":63},[57,103349,68],{"class":67},[57,103351,1315],{"class":990},[57,103353,68],{"class":67},[57,103355,373],{"class":238},[57,103357,84],{"class":67},[57,103359,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,103361,64],{"class":63},[57,103363,68],{"class":67},[57,103365,1315],{"class":990},[57,103367,68],{"class":67},[57,103369,2881],{"class":238},[57,103371,84],{"class":67},[15,103373,131],{},[48,103375,103377],{"className":50,"code":103376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[19,103378,103379,103393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103380,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103382,1384],{"class":76},[57,103384,1387],{"class":125},[57,103386,1390],{"class":938},[57,103388,4413],{"class":942},[57,103390,1395],{"class":938},[57,103392,1398],{"class":76},[57,103394,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103396,1384],{"class":76},[57,103398,1387],{"class":125},[57,103400,1390],{"class":938},[57,103402,6957],{"class":942},[57,103404,1395],{"class":938},[57,103406,1398],{"class":76},[15,103408,12195],{},[15,103410,103411,103412,498],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[373,103413,102668],{"href":94507},[43,103415,103417],{"id":103416},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[616,103419,103421],{"id":103420},"from-a-list","From a list",[15,103423,103424,103425,498],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[19,103426,1909],{},[48,103428,103430],{"className":50,"code":103429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,103431,103432,103464,103478,103482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103433,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103435,1724],{"class":285},[57,103437,289],{"class":76},[57,103439,1729],{"class":67},[57,103441,1078],{"class":80},[57,103443,1081],{"class":67},[57,103445,1084],{"class":80},[57,103447,1081],{"class":67},[57,103449,1084],{"class":80},[57,103451,1081],{"class":67},[57,103453,530],{"class":80},[57,103455,1081],{"class":67},[57,103457,530],{"class":80},[57,103459,1081],{"class":67},[57,103461,530],{"class":80},[57,103463,1742],{"class":67},[57,103465,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103467,300],{"class":285},[57,103469,289],{"class":76},[57,103471,13781],{"class":990},[57,103473,68],{"class":67},[57,103475,1756],{"class":238},[57,103477,242],{"class":67},[57,103479,103480],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,103481,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,103483,103484,103486,103488,103490],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,103485,64],{"class":63},[57,103487,68],{"class":67},[57,103489,339],{"class":238},[57,103491,242],{"class":67},[15,103493,131],{},[48,103495,103496],{"className":50,"code":94783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,103497,103498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103499,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103501,7415],{"class":67},[57,103503,1078],{"class":80},[57,103505,1081],{"class":67},[57,103507,1084],{"class":80},[57,103509,1081],{"class":67},[57,103511,530],{"class":80},[57,103513,7446],{"class":67},[15,103515,103516,103517,498],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[373,103518,97254],{"href":103519},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[616,103521,103523],{"id":103522},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[48,103525,103527],{"className":50,"code":103526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,103528,103529,103553,103567,103571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103530,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103532,1935],{"class":285},[57,103534,289],{"class":76},[57,103536,7373],{"class":67},[57,103538,199],{"class":80},[57,103540,1081],{"class":67},[57,103542,2724],{"class":80},[57,103544,1081],{"class":67},[57,103546,4130],{"class":80},[57,103548,1081],{"class":67},[57,103550,36099],{"class":80},[57,103552,242],{"class":67},[57,103554,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103556,300],{"class":285},[57,103558,289],{"class":76},[57,103560,13781],{"class":990},[57,103562,68],{"class":67},[57,103564,3482],{"class":238},[57,103566,242],{"class":67},[57,103568,103569],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,103570,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,103572,103573,103575,103577,103579],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,103574,64],{"class":63},[57,103576,68],{"class":67},[57,103578,339],{"class":238},[57,103580,242],{"class":67},[15,103582,131],{},[48,103584,103586],{"className":50,"code":103585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[19,103587,103588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103589,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103591,7415],{"class":67},[57,103593,199],{"class":80},[57,103595,1081],{"class":67},[57,103597,4130],{"class":80},[57,103599,1081],{"class":67},[57,103601,36099],{"class":80},[57,103603,7446],{"class":67},[616,103605,103607],{"id":103606},"from-a-string","From a string",[15,103609,49296,103610,103612],{},[19,103611,1909],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[48,103614,103616],{"className":50,"code":103615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,103617,103618,103630,103644,103648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103619,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103621,32846],{"class":285},[57,103623,289],{"class":76},[57,103625,1449],{"class":938},[57,103627,2204],{"class":942},[57,103629,1455],{"class":938},[57,103631,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640,103642],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103633,300],{"class":285},[57,103635,289],{"class":76},[57,103637,13781],{"class":990},[57,103639,68],{"class":67},[57,103641,32867],{"class":238},[57,103643,242],{"class":67},[57,103645,103646],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,103647,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,103649,103650,103652,103654,103656],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,103651,64],{"class":63},[57,103653,68],{"class":67},[57,103655,339],{"class":238},[57,103657,242],{"class":67},[15,103659,28185],{},[48,103661,103663],{"className":50,"code":103662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[19,103664,103665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103666,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103668,7415],{"class":67},[57,103670,1395],{"class":938},[57,103672,2881],{"class":942},[57,103674,1395],{"class":938},[57,103676,1081],{"class":67},[57,103678,1390],{"class":938},[57,103680,373],{"class":942},[57,103682,1395],{"class":938},[57,103684,1081],{"class":67},[57,103686,1390],{"class":938},[57,103688,74203],{"class":942},[57,103690,1395],{"class":938},[57,103692,7446],{"class":67},[15,103694,103695],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[616,103697,103699],{"id":103698},"from-range","From range()",[48,103701,103703],{"className":50,"code":103702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[19,103704,103705,103723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103706,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103708,300],{"class":285},[57,103710,289],{"class":76},[57,103712,13781],{"class":990},[57,103714,68],{"class":67},[57,103716,58170],{"class":63},[57,103718,68],{"class":67},[57,103720,199],{"class":80},[57,103722,84],{"class":67},[57,103724,103725,103727,103729,103731],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103726,64],{"class":63},[57,103728,68],{"class":67},[57,103730,339],{"class":238},[57,103732,242],{"class":67},[15,103734,131],{},[48,103736,103738],{"className":50,"code":103737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[19,103739,103740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103741,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103743,7415],{"class":67},[57,103745,182],{"class":80},[57,103747,1081],{"class":67},[57,103749,3622],{"class":80},[57,103751,1081],{"class":67},[57,103753,1084],{"class":80},[57,103755,1081],{"class":67},[57,103757,530],{"class":80},[57,103759,1081],{"class":67},[57,103761,536],{"class":80},[57,103763,7446],{"class":67},[43,103765,103767],{"id":103766},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[15,103769,97701,103770,498],{},[1854,103771,94547],{},[15,103773,103774],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[15,103776,97707],{},[27,103778,103779,103783,103787,103791],{},[30,103780,103781],{},[19,103782,255],{},[30,103784,103785],{},[19,103786,1541],{},[30,103788,103789],{},[19,103790,259],{},[30,103792,103793,103795],{},[19,103794,47121],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[15,103797,275],{},[48,103799,103801],{"className":50,"code":103800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[19,103802,103803,103834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103804,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103806,5910],{"class":285},[57,103808,289],{"class":76},[57,103810,8629],{"class":67},[57,103812,1078],{"class":80},[57,103814,1081],{"class":67},[57,103816,1449],{"class":938},[57,103818,1958],{"class":942},[57,103820,939],{"class":938},[57,103822,1081],{"class":67},[57,103824,7373],{"class":67},[57,103826,407],{"class":80},[57,103828,1081],{"class":67},[57,103830,5921],{"class":80},[57,103832,103833],{"class":67},")}\n",[57,103835,103836,103838,103840,103842],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103837,64],{"class":63},[57,103839,68],{"class":67},[57,103841,5941],{"class":238},[57,103843,242],{"class":67},[15,103845,97769,103846,103848],{},[1854,103847,2750],{}," work inside a set:",[27,103850,103851,103855,103859],{},[30,103852,103853],{},[19,103854,6226],{},[30,103856,103857],{},[19,103858,6957],{},[30,103860,103861],{},[19,103862,4413],{},[15,103864,95272],{},[48,103866,103868],{"className":50,"code":103867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[19,103869,103870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103871,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103873,97788],{"class":285},[57,103875,289],{"class":76},[57,103877,97793],{"class":67},[57,103879,1078],{"class":80},[57,103881,1081],{"class":67},[57,103883,1084],{"class":80},[57,103885,16212],{"class":67},[57,103887,1729],{"class":67},[57,103889,122],{"class":80},[57,103891,1081],{"class":67},[57,103893,536],{"class":80},[57,103895,11852],{"class":67},[15,103897,75031,103898,103900],{},[19,103899,1097],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[15,103902,103903],{},"A safer example:",[48,103905,103907],{"className":50,"code":103906,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[19,103908,103909,103937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103910,103911,103914,103916,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103912,103913],{"class":285},"good_set ",[57,103915,289],{"class":76},[57,103917,103918],{"class":67}," {(",[57,103920,1078],{"class":80},[57,103922,1081],{"class":67},[57,103924,1084],{"class":80},[57,103926,7370],{"class":67},[57,103928,7373],{"class":67},[57,103930,122],{"class":80},[57,103932,1081],{"class":67},[57,103934,536],{"class":80},[57,103936,103833],{"class":67},[57,103938,103939,103941,103943,103946],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,103940,64],{"class":63},[57,103942,68],{"class":67},[57,103944,103945],{"class":238},"good_set",[57,103947,242],{"class":67},[15,103949,131],{},[48,103951,103953],{"className":50,"code":103952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[19,103954,103955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103956,103957,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103958,103959],{"class":67},"{(",[57,103961,1078],{"class":80},[57,103963,1081],{"class":67},[57,103965,1084],{"class":80},[57,103967,7370],{"class":67},[57,103969,7373],{"class":67},[57,103971,122],{"class":80},[57,103973,1081],{"class":67},[57,103975,536],{"class":80},[57,103977,103833],{"class":67},[43,103979,103981],{"id":103980},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[15,103983,154,103984,8740],{},[19,103985,1909],{},[27,103987,103988,103991,103996,103999],{},[30,103989,103990],{},"you need unique values only",[30,103992,103993,103994],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[19,103995,1997],{},[30,103997,103998],{},"order does not matter",[30,104000,104001],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[15,104003,104004],{},"Example of membership checking:",[48,104006,104008],{"className":50,"code":104007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[19,104009,104010,104035,104039,104055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104011,104012,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104028,104030,104033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104013,104014],{"class":285},"allowed_ids ",[57,104016,289],{"class":76},[57,104018,13781],{"class":990},[57,104020,1075],{"class":67},[57,104022,44759],{"class":80},[57,104024,1081],{"class":67},[57,104026,104027],{"class":80}," 102",[57,104029,1081],{"class":67},[57,104031,104032],{"class":80}," 103",[57,104034,2003],{"class":67},[57,104036,104037],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104038,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,104040,104041,104043,104045,104048,104050,104053],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,104042,64],{"class":63},[57,104044,68],{"class":67},[57,104046,104047],{"class":80},"102",[57,104049,19325],{"class":1990},[57,104051,104052],{"class":238}," allowed_ids",[57,104054,242],{"class":67},[57,104056,104057,104059,104061,104064,104066,104068],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,104058,64],{"class":63},[57,104060,68],{"class":67},[57,104062,104063],{"class":80},"999",[57,104065,19325],{"class":1990},[57,104067,104052],{"class":238},[57,104069,242],{"class":67},[15,104071,131],{},[48,104073,104074],{"className":50,"code":42340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,104075,104076,104080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104077,104078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104079,2095],{"class":1965},[57,104081,104082],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104083,2156],{"class":1965},[15,104085,104086],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[43,104088,104090],{"id":104089},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[15,104092,104093],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[616,104095,154,104097,96398],{"id":104096},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[19,104098,1909],{},[48,104100,104101],{"className":50,"code":96459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,104102,104103,104113],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104104,104105,104107,104109,104111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104106,96466],{"class":285},[57,104108,289],{"class":76},[57,104110,13781],{"class":990},[57,104112,6778],{"class":67},[57,104114,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123,104125],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104116,64],{"class":63},[57,104118,68],{"class":67},[57,104120,1315],{"class":990},[57,104122,68],{"class":67},[57,104124,96485],{"class":238},[57,104126,84],{"class":67},[15,104128,131],{},[48,104130,104131],{"className":50,"code":6988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,104132,104133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104134,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104136,1384],{"class":76},[57,104138,1387],{"class":125},[57,104140,1390],{"class":938},[57,104142,4413],{"class":942},[57,104144,1395],{"class":938},[57,104146,1398],{"class":76},[616,104148,154,104150,104152],{"id":104149},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[19,104151,98458],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[48,104154,104156],{"className":50,"code":104155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[19,104157,104158,104178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104159,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104161,1724],{"class":285},[57,104163,289],{"class":76},[57,104165,8629],{"class":67},[57,104167,1078],{"class":80},[57,104169,1081],{"class":67},[57,104171,1084],{"class":80},[57,104173,1081],{"class":67},[57,104175,530],{"class":80},[57,104177,7446],{"class":67},[57,104179,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104181,64],{"class":63},[57,104183,68],{"class":67},[57,104185,1315],{"class":990},[57,104187,68],{"class":67},[57,104189,1756],{"class":238},[57,104191,84],{"class":67},[15,104193,131],{},[48,104195,104196],{"className":50,"code":6988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,104197,104198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104199,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104201,1384],{"class":76},[57,104203,1387],{"class":125},[57,104205,1390],{"class":938},[57,104207,4413],{"class":942},[57,104209,1395],{"class":938},[57,104211,1398],{"class":76},[616,104213,154,104215,104217],{"id":104214},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[19,104216,1904],{}," for an empty dictionary",[48,104219,104221],{"className":50,"code":104220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[19,104222,104223,104232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104224,104225,104228,104230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104226,104227],{"class":285},"empty_dict ",[57,104229,289],{"class":76},[57,104231,7976],{"class":67},[57,104233,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104245],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104235,64],{"class":63},[57,104237,68],{"class":67},[57,104239,1315],{"class":990},[57,104241,68],{"class":67},[57,104243,104244],{"class":238},"empty_dict",[57,104246,84],{"class":67},[15,104248,131],{},[48,104250,104251],{"className":50,"code":6944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,104252,104253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104254,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104256,1384],{"class":76},[57,104258,1387],{"class":125},[57,104260,1390],{"class":938},[57,104262,6957],{"class":942},[57,104264,1395],{"class":938},[57,104266,1398],{"class":76},[15,104268,104269],{},"So the rule is simple:",[27,104271,104272,104277,104282],{},[30,104273,104274,104276],{},[19,104275,1909],{}," → empty set",[30,104278,104279,104281],{},[19,104280,98458],{}," → non-empty set",[30,104283,104284,104286],{},[19,104285,1904],{}," → empty dictionary",[43,104288,913],{"id":912},[15,104290,104291,104292,498],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[19,104293,1909],{},[616,104295,6551,104296,98056],{"id":98053},[19,104297,1904],{},[15,104299,104300],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[48,104302,104303],{"className":50,"code":98062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,104304,104305,104313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104306,104307,104309,104311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104308,525],{"class":285},[57,104310,289],{"class":76},[57,104312,7976],{"class":67},[57,104314,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104316,64],{"class":63},[57,104318,68],{"class":67},[57,104320,1315],{"class":990},[57,104322,68],{"class":67},[57,104324,552],{"class":238},[57,104326,84],{"class":67},[616,104328,104330,104331],{"id":104329},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[19,104332,104333],{},"set(5)",[15,104335,104336,104338],{},[19,104337,1909],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[48,104340,104342],{"className":50,"code":104341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(5)\n",[19,104343,104344],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104345,104346,104348,104350,104352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104347,4413],{"class":990},[57,104349,68],{"class":67},[57,104351,199],{"class":80},[57,104353,242],{"class":67},[15,104355,1094,104356,104358,104359,498],{},[19,104357,1097],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[373,104360,104362],{"href":104361},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[616,104364,104366],{"id":104365},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[15,104368,104369],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[48,104371,104373],{"className":50,"code":104372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[19,104374,104375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104378,525],{"class":285},[57,104380,289],{"class":76},[57,104382,97793],{"class":67},[57,104384,1078],{"class":80},[57,104386,1081],{"class":67},[57,104388,1084],{"class":80},[57,104390,16212],{"class":67},[57,104392,1729],{"class":67},[57,104394,122],{"class":80},[57,104396,1081],{"class":67},[57,104398,536],{"class":80},[57,104400,11852],{"class":67},[616,104402,6587,104404,104406],{"id":104403},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[19,104405,1909],{}," to keep the original order",[15,104408,104409],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[616,104411,35366,104413,6840,104415,965,104417],{"id":104412},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[19,104414,1909],{},[19,104416,22934],{},[19,104418,7256],{},[15,104420,104421],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[43,104423,58882],{"id":58881},[15,104425,9253],{},[48,104427,104429],{"className":50,"code":104428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[19,104430,104431,104446,104456,104470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104432,104433,104435,104437,104439,104441,104444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104434,64],{"class":63},[57,104436,68],{"class":67},[57,104438,1315],{"class":990},[57,104440,68],{"class":67},[57,104442,104443],{"class":238},"my_value",[57,104445,84],{"class":67},[57,104447,104448,104450,104452,104454],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104449,64],{"class":63},[57,104451,68],{"class":67},[57,104453,104443],{"class":238},[57,104455,242],{"class":67},[57,104457,104458,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,104459,64],{"class":63},[57,104461,68],{"class":67},[57,104463,6226],{"class":990},[57,104465,68],{"class":67},[57,104467,13814],{"class":238},[57,104469,84],{"class":67},[57,104471,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,104473,64],{"class":63},[57,104475,68],{"class":67},[57,104477,9302],{"class":63},[57,104479,68],{"class":67},[57,104481,13814],{"class":238},[57,104483,84],{"class":67},[15,104485,104486],{},"What they help you see:",[27,104488,104489,104495,104500,104506],{},[30,104490,104491,104494],{},[19,104492,104493],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[30,104496,104497,88722],{},[19,104498,104499],{},"print(my_value)",[30,104501,104502,104505],{},[19,104503,104504],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[30,104507,104508,104511],{},[19,104509,104510],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[43,104513,1554],{"id":1553},[616,104515,104517],{"id":104516},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[15,104519,104520],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[616,104522,104524],{"id":104523},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[15,104526,154,104527,104529,104530,104532],{},[19,104528,1909],{},". Do not use ",[19,104531,1904],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[616,104534,104536],{"id":104535},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[15,104538,104539],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[616,104541,104543],{"id":104542},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[15,104545,104546],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[15,104548,275],{},[48,104550,104552],{"className":50,"code":104551,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[19,104553,104554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104555,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104557,64],{"class":63},[57,104559,68],{"class":67},[57,104561,4413],{"class":990},[57,104563,68],{"class":67},[57,104565,939],{"class":938},[57,104567,2195],{"class":942},[57,104569,939],{"class":938},[57,104571,84],{"class":67},[15,104573,28185],{},[48,104575,104577],{"className":50,"code":104576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[19,104578,104579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104580,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104582,7415],{"class":67},[57,104584,1395],{"class":938},[57,104586,373],{"class":942},[57,104588,1395],{"class":938},[57,104590,1081],{"class":67},[57,104592,1390],{"class":938},[57,104594,15],{"class":942},[57,104596,1395],{"class":938},[57,104598,1081],{"class":67},[57,104600,1390],{"class":938},[57,104602,58628],{"class":942},[57,104604,1395],{"class":938},[57,104606,1081],{"class":67},[57,104608,1390],{"class":938},[57,104610,58619],{"class":942},[57,104612,1395],{"class":938},[57,104614,7446],{"class":67},[616,104616,3280,104618,104621],{"id":104617},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[19,104619,104620],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[15,104623,104624,26840,104626,104629],{},[19,104625,1909],{},[1854,104627,104628],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[15,104631,104632],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[48,104634,104636],{"className":50,"code":104635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[19,104637,104638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104639,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104641,64],{"class":63},[57,104643,68],{"class":67},[57,104645,4413],{"class":990},[57,104647,1075],{"class":67},[57,104649,1078],{"class":80},[57,104651,1081],{"class":67},[57,104653,1084],{"class":80},[57,104655,1081],{"class":67},[57,104657,530],{"class":80},[57,104659,1081],{"class":67},[57,104661,536],{"class":80},[57,104663,1091],{"class":67},[43,104665,1602],{"id":1601},[27,104667,104668,104672,104676,104680,104684],{},[30,104669,104670],{},[373,104671,94504],{"href":94503},[30,104673,104674],{},[373,104675,102668],{"href":94507},[30,104677,104678],{},[373,104679,98520],{"href":103519},[30,104681,104682],{},[373,104683,103226],{"href":63020},[30,104685,104686],{},[373,104687,104362],{"href":104361},[1634,104689,104690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":104692},[104693,104694,104695,104696,104697,104703,104704,104705,104713,104723,104724,104732],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":102844,"depth":87,"text":102845},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":103229,"depth":87,"text":103230},{"id":103416,"depth":87,"text":103417,"children":104698},[104699,104700,104701,104702],{"id":103420,"depth":103,"text":103421},{"id":103522,"depth":103,"text":103523},{"id":103606,"depth":103,"text":103607},{"id":103698,"depth":103,"text":103699},{"id":103766,"depth":87,"text":103767},{"id":103980,"depth":87,"text":103981},{"id":104089,"depth":87,"text":104090,"children":104706},[104707,104709,104711],{"id":104096,"depth":103,"text":104708},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":104149,"depth":103,"text":104710},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":104214,"depth":103,"text":104712},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":104714},[104715,104716,104718,104719,104721],{"id":98053,"depth":103,"text":98561},{"id":104329,"depth":103,"text":104717},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":104365,"depth":103,"text":104366},{"id":104403,"depth":103,"text":104720},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":104412,"depth":103,"text":104722},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":58881,"depth":87,"text":58882},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":104725},[104726,104727,104728,104729,104730],{"id":104516,"depth":103,"text":104517},{"id":104523,"depth":103,"text":104524},{"id":104535,"depth":103,"text":104536},{"id":104542,"depth":103,"text":104543},{"id":104617,"depth":103,"text":104731},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":102726,"description":104733},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":104740,"title":104741,"body":104742,"description":106257,"extension":1666,"meta":106258,"navigation":317,"path":106259,"seo":106260,"stem":106261,"__hash__":106262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":8,"value":104743,"toc":106233},[104744,104750,104755,104758,104841,104846,104851,104856,104858,104871,104875,104877,104896,104899,104922,104925,104936,104938,105019,105021,105038,105040,105046,105049,105144,105146,105177,105179,105187,105189,105192,105303,105305,105330,105332,105354,105359,105364,105370,105479,105481,105497,105500,105503,105586,105588,105605,105613,105615,105619,105625,105716,105718,105751,105756,105763,105840,105842,105859,105865,105867,105871,105887,105890,105916,105918,105979,105981,106104,106106,106157,106163,106165,106170,106172,106178,106181,106185,106188,106192,106195,106205,106207,106230],[11,104745,1680,104747,9463],{"id":104746},"python-setintersection-method",[19,104748,104749],{},"set.intersection()",[15,104751,17,104752,104754],{},[19,104753,104749],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[15,104756,104757],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[48,104759,104761],{"className":50,"code":104760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[19,104762,104763,104783,104803,104807,104826,104836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104764,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779,104781],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104766,636],{"class":285},[57,104768,289],{"class":76},[57,104770,8629],{"class":67},[57,104772,1078],{"class":80},[57,104774,1081],{"class":67},[57,104776,1084],{"class":80},[57,104778,1081],{"class":67},[57,104780,530],{"class":80},[57,104782,7446],{"class":67},[57,104784,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104786,664],{"class":285},[57,104788,289],{"class":76},[57,104790,8629],{"class":67},[57,104792,116],{"class":80},[57,104794,1081],{"class":67},[57,104796,530],{"class":80},[57,104798,1081],{"class":67},[57,104800,536],{"class":80},[57,104802,7446],{"class":67},[57,104804,104805],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,104806,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,104808,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817,104820,104822,104824],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,104810,300],{"class":285},[57,104812,289],{"class":76},[57,104814,55058],{"class":285},[57,104816,498],{"class":67},[57,104818,104819],{"class":238},"intersection",[57,104821,68],{"class":67},[57,104823,2881],{"class":238},[57,104825,242],{"class":67},[57,104827,104828,104830,104832,104834],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,104829,64],{"class":63},[57,104831,68],{"class":67},[57,104833,339],{"class":238},[57,104835,242],{"class":67},[57,104837,104838],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,104839,104840],{"class":1772},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,104842,154,104843,104845],{},[19,104844,100967],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[43,104847,11141,104849,11144],{"id":104848},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[19,104850,100967],{},[15,104852,104853,104855],{},[19,104854,100967],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[15,104857,11197],{},[27,104859,104860,104863,104865,104868],{},[30,104861,104862],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[30,104864,98737],{},[30,104866,104867],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[30,104869,104870],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[15,104872,94500,104873,498],{},[373,104874,94504],{"href":94503},[43,104876,221],{"id":220},[48,104878,104880],{"className":50,"code":104879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[19,104881,104882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104883,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104885,98761],{"class":285},[57,104887,498],{"class":67},[57,104889,104819],{"class":238},[57,104891,68],{"class":67},[57,104893,98770],{"class":238},[57,104895,242],{"class":67},[15,104897,104898],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[48,104900,104902],{"className":50,"code":104901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[19,104903,104904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104905,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916,104918,104920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104907,98761],{"class":285},[57,104909,498],{"class":67},[57,104911,104819],{"class":238},[57,104913,68],{"class":67},[57,104915,98770],{"class":238},[57,104917,1081],{"class":67},[57,104919,98797],{"class":238},[57,104921,242],{"class":67},[15,104923,104924],{},"Important notes:",[27,104926,104927,104930,104933],{},[30,104928,104929],{},"The result is always a new set",[30,104931,104932],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[30,104934,104935],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[15,104937,275],{},[48,104939,104941],{"className":50,"code":104940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[19,104942,104943,104967,104987,104991,105009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104946,636],{"class":285},[57,104948,289],{"class":76},[57,104950,8629],{"class":67},[57,104952,1078],{"class":80},[57,104954,1081],{"class":67},[57,104956,1084],{"class":80},[57,104958,1081],{"class":67},[57,104960,530],{"class":80},[57,104962,1081],{"class":67},[57,104964,536],{"class":80},[57,104966,7446],{"class":67},[57,104968,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,104970,664],{"class":285},[57,104972,289],{"class":76},[57,104974,8629],{"class":67},[57,104976,122],{"class":80},[57,104978,1081],{"class":67},[57,104980,536],{"class":80},[57,104982,1081],{"class":67},[57,104984,2724],{"class":80},[57,104986,7446],{"class":67},[57,104988,104989],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,104990,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,104992,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,104994,300],{"class":285},[57,104996,289],{"class":76},[57,104998,55058],{"class":285},[57,105000,498],{"class":67},[57,105002,104819],{"class":238},[57,105004,68],{"class":67},[57,105006,2881],{"class":238},[57,105008,242],{"class":67},[57,105010,105011,105013,105015,105017],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,105012,64],{"class":63},[57,105014,68],{"class":67},[57,105016,339],{"class":238},[57,105018,242],{"class":67},[15,105020,131],{},[48,105022,105024],{"className":50,"code":105023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{3, 4}\n",[19,105025,105026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105027,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105029,7415],{"class":67},[57,105031,122],{"class":80},[57,105033,1081],{"class":67},[57,105035,536],{"class":80},[57,105037,7446],{"class":67},[43,105039,15568],{"id":15567},[15,105041,105042,20127,105044,498],{},[19,105043,100967],{},[1854,105045,4413],{},[15,105047,105048],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[48,105050,105052],{"className":50,"code":105051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,105053,105054,105074,105094,105098,105116,105120,105130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105055,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105057,636],{"class":285},[57,105059,289],{"class":76},[57,105061,8629],{"class":67},[57,105063,1078],{"class":80},[57,105065,1081],{"class":67},[57,105067,1084],{"class":80},[57,105069,1081],{"class":67},[57,105071,530],{"class":80},[57,105073,7446],{"class":67},[57,105075,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105077,664],{"class":285},[57,105079,289],{"class":76},[57,105081,8629],{"class":67},[57,105083,116],{"class":80},[57,105085,1081],{"class":67},[57,105087,530],{"class":80},[57,105089,1081],{"class":67},[57,105091,536],{"class":80},[57,105093,7446],{"class":67},[57,105095,105096],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,105097,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105099,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,105101,300],{"class":285},[57,105103,289],{"class":76},[57,105105,55058],{"class":285},[57,105107,498],{"class":67},[57,105109,104819],{"class":238},[57,105111,68],{"class":67},[57,105113,2881],{"class":238},[57,105115,242],{"class":67},[57,105117,105118],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,105119,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105121,105122,105124,105126,105128],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,105123,64],{"class":63},[57,105125,68],{"class":67},[57,105127,339],{"class":238},[57,105129,242],{"class":67},[57,105131,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,105133,64],{"class":63},[57,105135,68],{"class":67},[57,105137,1315],{"class":990},[57,105139,68],{"class":67},[57,105141,339],{"class":238},[57,105143,84],{"class":67},[15,105145,131],{},[48,105147,105149],{"className":50,"code":105148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[19,105150,105151,105163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105154,7415],{"class":67},[57,105156,116],{"class":80},[57,105158,1081],{"class":67},[57,105160,530],{"class":80},[57,105162,7446],{"class":67},[57,105164,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105166,1384],{"class":76},[57,105168,1387],{"class":125},[57,105170,1390],{"class":938},[57,105172,4413],{"class":942},[57,105174,1395],{"class":938},[57,105176,1398],{"class":76},[15,105178,83985],{},[27,105180,105181,105184],{},[30,105182,105183],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[30,105185,105186],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[43,105188,9617],{"id":9616},[15,105190,105191],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[48,105193,105195],{"className":50,"code":105194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[19,105196,105197,105230,105263,105267,105288,105292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105198,105199,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222,105224,105226,105228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105200,105201],{"class":285},"colors1 ",[57,105203,289],{"class":76},[57,105205,8629],{"class":67},[57,105207,939],{"class":938},[57,105209,11238],{"class":942},[57,105211,939],{"class":938},[57,105213,1081],{"class":67},[57,105215,1449],{"class":938},[57,105217,11255],{"class":942},[57,105219,939],{"class":938},[57,105221,1081],{"class":67},[57,105223,1449],{"class":938},[57,105225,15605],{"class":942},[57,105227,939],{"class":938},[57,105229,7446],{"class":67},[57,105231,105232,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105233,105234],{"class":285},"colors2 ",[57,105236,289],{"class":76},[57,105238,8629],{"class":67},[57,105240,939],{"class":938},[57,105242,15605],{"class":942},[57,105244,939],{"class":938},[57,105246,1081],{"class":67},[57,105248,1449],{"class":938},[57,105250,20676],{"class":942},[57,105252,939],{"class":938},[57,105254,1081],{"class":67},[57,105256,1449],{"class":938},[57,105258,11255],{"class":942},[57,105260,939],{"class":938},[57,105262,7446],{"class":67},[57,105264,105265],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,105266,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105268,105269,105272,105274,105277,105279,105281,105283,105286],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,105270,105271],{"class":285},"common_colors ",[57,105273,289],{"class":76},[57,105275,105276],{"class":285}," colors1",[57,105278,498],{"class":67},[57,105280,104819],{"class":238},[57,105282,68],{"class":67},[57,105284,105285],{"class":238},"colors2",[57,105287,242],{"class":67},[57,105289,105290],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,105291,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105293,105294,105296,105298,105301],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,105295,64],{"class":63},[57,105297,68],{"class":67},[57,105299,105300],{"class":238},"common_colors",[57,105302,242],{"class":67},[15,105304,131],{},[48,105306,105308],{"className":50,"code":105307,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[19,105309,105310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105311,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320,105322,105324,105326,105328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105313,7415],{"class":67},[57,105315,1395],{"class":938},[57,105317,11255],{"class":942},[57,105319,1395],{"class":938},[57,105321,1081],{"class":67},[57,105323,1390],{"class":938},[57,105325,15605],{"class":942},[57,105327,1395],{"class":938},[57,105329,7446],{"class":67},[15,105331,9826],{},[27,105333,105334,105340,105344,105349],{},[30,105335,105336,105339],{},[19,105337,105338],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[30,105341,105342,105339],{},[19,105343,105285],{},[30,105345,105346,105348],{},[19,105347,100967],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[30,105350,105351,105352],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[19,105353,105300],{},[43,105355,6551,105357,99334],{"id":105356},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[19,105358,100967],{},[15,105360,105361,105362,498],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[19,105363,100967],{},[15,105365,105366,105367,105369],{},"Only the values found in ",[1854,105368,1826],{}," inputs will be kept.",[48,105371,105373],{"className":50,"code":105372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[19,105374,105375,105399,105423,105443,105447,105469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105376,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105378,636],{"class":285},[57,105380,289],{"class":76},[57,105382,8629],{"class":67},[57,105384,1078],{"class":80},[57,105386,1081],{"class":67},[57,105388,1084],{"class":80},[57,105390,1081],{"class":67},[57,105392,530],{"class":80},[57,105394,1081],{"class":67},[57,105396,536],{"class":80},[57,105398,7446],{"class":67},[57,105400,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105402,664],{"class":285},[57,105404,289],{"class":76},[57,105406,8629],{"class":67},[57,105408,116],{"class":80},[57,105410,1081],{"class":67},[57,105412,530],{"class":80},[57,105414,1081],{"class":67},[57,105416,536],{"class":80},[57,105418,1081],{"class":67},[57,105420,2724],{"class":80},[57,105422,7446],{"class":67},[57,105424,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,105426,81359],{"class":285},[57,105428,289],{"class":76},[57,105430,8629],{"class":67},[57,105432,122],{"class":80},[57,105434,1081],{"class":67},[57,105436,536],{"class":80},[57,105438,1081],{"class":67},[57,105440,35806],{"class":80},[57,105442,7446],{"class":67},[57,105444,105445],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,105446,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105448,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,105450,300],{"class":285},[57,105452,289],{"class":76},[57,105454,55058],{"class":285},[57,105456,498],{"class":67},[57,105458,104819],{"class":238},[57,105460,68],{"class":67},[57,105462,2881],{"class":238},[57,105464,1081],{"class":67},[57,105466,7819],{"class":238},[57,105468,242],{"class":67},[57,105470,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,105472,64],{"class":63},[57,105474,68],{"class":67},[57,105476,339],{"class":238},[57,105478,242],{"class":67},[15,105480,131],{},[48,105482,105483],{"className":50,"code":105023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,105484,105485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105486,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105488,7415],{"class":67},[57,105490,122],{"class":80},[57,105492,1081],{"class":67},[57,105494,536],{"class":80},[57,105496,7446],{"class":67},[15,105498,105499],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[15,105501,105502],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[48,105504,105506],{"className":50,"code":105505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[19,105507,105508,105532,105536,105576],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105509,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105511,636],{"class":285},[57,105513,289],{"class":76},[57,105515,8629],{"class":67},[57,105517,1078],{"class":80},[57,105519,1081],{"class":67},[57,105521,1084],{"class":80},[57,105523,1081],{"class":67},[57,105525,530],{"class":80},[57,105527,1081],{"class":67},[57,105529,536],{"class":80},[57,105531,7446],{"class":67},[57,105533,105534],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105535,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105537,105538,105540,105542,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,105539,300],{"class":285},[57,105541,289],{"class":76},[57,105543,55058],{"class":285},[57,105545,498],{"class":67},[57,105547,104819],{"class":238},[57,105549,1075],{"class":67},[57,105551,116],{"class":80},[57,105553,1081],{"class":67},[57,105555,536],{"class":80},[57,105557,1081],{"class":67},[57,105559,35806],{"class":80},[57,105561,16212],{"class":67},[57,105563,7373],{"class":67},[57,105565,1078],{"class":80},[57,105567,1081],{"class":67},[57,105569,1084],{"class":80},[57,105571,1081],{"class":67},[57,105573,536],{"class":80},[57,105575,84],{"class":67},[57,105577,105578,105580,105582,105584],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,105579,64],{"class":63},[57,105581,68],{"class":67},[57,105583,339],{"class":238},[57,105585,242],{"class":67},[15,105587,131],{},[48,105589,105591],{"className":50,"code":105590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 4}\n",[19,105592,105593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105594,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105596,7415],{"class":67},[57,105598,116],{"class":80},[57,105600,1081],{"class":67},[57,105602,536],{"class":80},[57,105604,7446],{"class":67},[43,105606,105608,8724,105610],{"id":105607},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[19,105609,100967],{},[19,105611,105612],{},"intersection_update()",[15,105614,99504],{},[616,105616,105617],{"id":104819},[19,105618,100967],{},[27,105620,105621,105623],{},[30,105622,99513],{},[30,105624,99516],{},[48,105626,105628],{"className":50,"code":105627,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[19,105629,105630,105650,105670,105674,105692,105696,105706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105631,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105633,636],{"class":285},[57,105635,289],{"class":76},[57,105637,8629],{"class":67},[57,105639,1078],{"class":80},[57,105641,1081],{"class":67},[57,105643,1084],{"class":80},[57,105645,1081],{"class":67},[57,105647,530],{"class":80},[57,105649,7446],{"class":67},[57,105651,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105653,664],{"class":285},[57,105655,289],{"class":76},[57,105657,8629],{"class":67},[57,105659,116],{"class":80},[57,105661,1081],{"class":67},[57,105663,530],{"class":80},[57,105665,1081],{"class":67},[57,105667,536],{"class":80},[57,105669,7446],{"class":67},[57,105671,105672],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,105673,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105675,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,105677,300],{"class":285},[57,105679,289],{"class":76},[57,105681,55058],{"class":285},[57,105683,498],{"class":67},[57,105685,104819],{"class":238},[57,105687,68],{"class":67},[57,105689,2881],{"class":238},[57,105691,242],{"class":67},[57,105693,105694],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,105695,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105697,105698,105700,105702,105704],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,105699,64],{"class":63},[57,105701,68],{"class":67},[57,105703,373],{"class":238},[57,105705,242],{"class":67},[57,105707,105708,105710,105712,105714],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,105709,64],{"class":63},[57,105711,68],{"class":67},[57,105713,339],{"class":238},[57,105715,242],{"class":67},[15,105717,131],{},[48,105719,105721],{"className":50,"code":105720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[19,105722,105723,105739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105724,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105726,7415],{"class":67},[57,105728,1078],{"class":80},[57,105730,1081],{"class":67},[57,105732,1084],{"class":80},[57,105734,1081],{"class":67},[57,105736,530],{"class":80},[57,105738,7446],{"class":67},[57,105740,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105742,7415],{"class":67},[57,105744,116],{"class":80},[57,105746,1081],{"class":67},[57,105748,530],{"class":80},[57,105750,7446],{"class":67},[616,105752,105754],{"id":105753},"intersection_update",[19,105755,105612],{},[27,105757,105758,105760],{},[30,105759,99656],{},[30,105761,105762],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[48,105764,105766],{"className":50,"code":105765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[19,105767,105768,105788,105808,105812,105826,105830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105769,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105771,636],{"class":285},[57,105773,289],{"class":76},[57,105775,8629],{"class":67},[57,105777,1078],{"class":80},[57,105779,1081],{"class":67},[57,105781,1084],{"class":80},[57,105783,1081],{"class":67},[57,105785,530],{"class":80},[57,105787,7446],{"class":67},[57,105789,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105791,664],{"class":285},[57,105793,289],{"class":76},[57,105795,8629],{"class":67},[57,105797,116],{"class":80},[57,105799,1081],{"class":67},[57,105801,530],{"class":80},[57,105803,1081],{"class":67},[57,105805,536],{"class":80},[57,105807,7446],{"class":67},[57,105809,105810],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,105811,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105813,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822,105824],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,105815,373],{"class":285},[57,105817,498],{"class":67},[57,105819,105753],{"class":238},[57,105821,68],{"class":67},[57,105823,2881],{"class":238},[57,105825,242],{"class":67},[57,105827,105828],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,105829,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,105831,105832,105834,105836,105838],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,105833,64],{"class":63},[57,105835,68],{"class":67},[57,105837,373],{"class":238},[57,105839,242],{"class":67},[15,105841,131],{},[48,105843,105845],{"className":50,"code":105844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n",[19,105846,105847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105848,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105850,7415],{"class":67},[57,105852,116],{"class":80},[57,105854,1081],{"class":67},[57,105856,530],{"class":80},[57,105858,7446],{"class":67},[15,105860,105861,105862,105864],{},"Choose ",[19,105863,100967],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[43,105866,2637],{"id":2636},[15,105868,12880,105869,972],{},[19,105870,100967],{},[27,105872,105873,105876,105879,105882],{},[30,105874,105875],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[30,105877,105878],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[30,105880,105881],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[30,105883,105884,105885],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[19,105886,100967],{},[15,105888,105889],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[27,105891,105892,105897,105900,105913],{},[30,105893,6551,105894,105896],{},[19,105895,100967],{}," when order matters",[30,105898,105899],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[30,105901,35366,105902,6840,105904,965,105909],{},[19,105903,100967],{},[373,105905,105907],{"href":105906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[19,105908,100975],{},[373,105910,105911],{"href":101016},[19,105912,98590],{},[30,105914,105915],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[15,105917,28291],{},[48,105919,105921],{"className":50,"code":105920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[19,105922,105923,105933,105947,105965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105924,105925,105927,105929,105931],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105926,64],{"class":63},[57,105928,68],{"class":67},[57,105930,13814],{"class":238},[57,105932,242],{"class":67},[57,105934,105935,105937,105939,105941,105943,105945],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,105936,64],{"class":63},[57,105938,68],{"class":67},[57,105940,1315],{"class":990},[57,105942,68],{"class":67},[57,105944,339],{"class":238},[57,105946,84],{"class":67},[57,105948,105949,105951,105953,105955,105957,105959,105961,105963],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,105950,64],{"class":63},[57,105952,68],{"class":67},[57,105954,98761],{"class":238},[57,105956,498],{"class":67},[57,105958,104819],{"class":238},[57,105960,68],{"class":67},[57,105962,98770],{"class":238},[57,105964,84],{"class":67},[57,105966,105967,105969,105971,105973,105975,105977],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,105968,64],{"class":63},[57,105970,68],{"class":67},[57,105972,9302],{"class":63},[57,105974,68],{"class":67},[57,105976,339],{"class":238},[57,105978,84],{"class":67},[15,105980,275],{},[48,105982,105984],{"className":50,"code":105983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[19,105985,105986,106010,106030,106034,106052,106056,106066,106076,106090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105987,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006,106008],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105989,1724],{"class":285},[57,105991,289],{"class":76},[57,105993,8629],{"class":67},[57,105995,1078],{"class":80},[57,105997,1081],{"class":67},[57,105999,1084],{"class":80},[57,106001,1081],{"class":67},[57,106003,1084],{"class":80},[57,106005,1081],{"class":67},[57,106007,530],{"class":80},[57,106009,7446],{"class":67},[57,106011,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022,106024,106026,106028],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106013,41715],{"class":285},[57,106015,289],{"class":76},[57,106017,8629],{"class":67},[57,106019,116],{"class":80},[57,106021,1081],{"class":67},[57,106023,530],{"class":80},[57,106025,1081],{"class":67},[57,106027,536],{"class":80},[57,106029,7446],{"class":67},[57,106031,106032],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,106033,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106035,106036,106038,106040,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,106037,300],{"class":285},[57,106039,289],{"class":76},[57,106041,2380],{"class":285},[57,106043,498],{"class":67},[57,106045,104819],{"class":238},[57,106047,68],{"class":67},[57,106049,28899],{"class":238},[57,106051,242],{"class":67},[57,106053,106054],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,106055,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106057,106058,106060,106062,106064],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,106059,64],{"class":63},[57,106061,68],{"class":67},[57,106063,1756],{"class":238},[57,106065,242],{"class":67},[57,106067,106068,106070,106072,106074],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,106069,64],{"class":63},[57,106071,68],{"class":67},[57,106073,339],{"class":238},[57,106075,242],{"class":67},[57,106077,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,106079,64],{"class":63},[57,106081,68],{"class":67},[57,106083,1315],{"class":990},[57,106085,68],{"class":67},[57,106087,339],{"class":238},[57,106089,84],{"class":67},[57,106091,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,106093,64],{"class":63},[57,106095,68],{"class":67},[57,106097,9302],{"class":63},[57,106099,68],{"class":67},[57,106101,339],{"class":238},[57,106103,84],{"class":67},[15,106105,131],{},[48,106107,106109],{"className":50,"code":106108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[19,106110,106111,106127,106139,106153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106112,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123,106125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106114,7415],{"class":67},[57,106116,1078],{"class":80},[57,106118,1081],{"class":67},[57,106120,1084],{"class":80},[57,106122,1081],{"class":67},[57,106124,530],{"class":80},[57,106126,7446],{"class":67},[57,106128,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106130,7415],{"class":67},[57,106132,116],{"class":80},[57,106134,1081],{"class":67},[57,106136,530],{"class":80},[57,106138,7446],{"class":67},[57,106140,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,106142,1384],{"class":76},[57,106144,1387],{"class":125},[57,106146,1390],{"class":938},[57,106148,4413],{"class":942},[57,106150,1395],{"class":938},[57,106152,1398],{"class":76},[57,106154,106155],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,106156,15205],{"class":80},[15,106158,106159,106160,106162],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[19,106161,116],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,106164,1554],{"id":1553},[616,106166,10848,106168,100915],{"id":106167},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[19,106169,100967],{},[15,106171,100918],{},[616,106173,3292,106175,106177],{"id":106174},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[19,106176,100967],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[15,106179,106180],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[616,106182,106184],{"id":106183},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[15,106186,106187],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[616,106189,106191],{"id":106190},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[15,106193,106194],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[48,106196,106197],{"className":50,"code":95634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,106198,106199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106200,106201,106203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106202,4413],{"class":990},[57,106204,6778],{"class":67},[43,106206,1602],{"id":1601},[27,106208,106209,106213,106220,106226],{},[30,106210,106211],{},[373,106212,94504],{"href":94503},[30,106214,106215],{},[373,106216,1680,106217,8880],{"href":105906},[19,106218,106219],{},"set.union()",[30,106221,106222],{},[373,106223,1680,106224,8880],{"href":101016},[19,106225,98595],{},[30,106227,106228],{},[373,106229,98520],{"href":103519},[1634,106231,106232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":106234},[106235,106237,106238,106239,106240,106242,106247,106248,106256],{"id":104848,"depth":87,"text":106236},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":105356,"depth":87,"text":106241},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":105607,"depth":87,"text":106243,"children":106244},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[106245,106246],{"id":104819,"depth":103,"text":100967},{"id":105753,"depth":103,"text":105612},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":106249},[106250,106252,106254,106255],{"id":106167,"depth":103,"text":106251},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":106174,"depth":103,"text":106253},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":106183,"depth":103,"text":106184},{"id":106190,"depth":103,"text":106191},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":104741,"description":106257},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":106264,"title":106265,"body":106266,"description":107502,"extension":1666,"meta":107503,"navigation":317,"path":107504,"seo":107505,"stem":107506,"__hash__":107507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":8,"value":106267,"toc":107469},[106268,106273,106279,106288,106290,106365,106370,106385,106395,106400,106404,106417,106421,106423,106438,106440,106456,106458,106533,106537,106540,106542,106559,106564,106619,106624,106636,106640,106643,106744,106746,106787,106790,106794,106801,106803,106828,106831,106849,106856,106862,106865,106947,106954,106957,107037,107046,107049,107054,107058,107072,107121,107126,107130,107141,107190,107201,107206,107210,107222,107271,107282,107284,107288,107311,107313,107370,107372,107386,107388,107394,107400,107406,107415,107419,107426,107430,107438,107440,107466],[11,106269,94376,106271,9463],{"id":106270},"python-set-pop-method",[19,106272,10907],{},[15,106274,106275,106278],{},[19,106276,106277],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[15,106280,106281,106282,106284,106285,106287],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[1854,106283,2750],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[19,106286,10907],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[43,106289,46],{"id":45},[48,106291,106293],{"className":50,"code":106292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[19,106294,106295,106327,106341,106345,106355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106296,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106298,5910],{"class":285},[57,106300,289],{"class":76},[57,106302,8629],{"class":67},[57,106304,939],{"class":938},[57,106306,2195],{"class":942},[57,106308,939],{"class":938},[57,106310,1081],{"class":67},[57,106312,1449],{"class":938},[57,106314,2204],{"class":942},[57,106316,939],{"class":938},[57,106318,1081],{"class":67},[57,106320,1449],{"class":938},[57,106322,2213],{"class":942},[57,106324,939],{"class":938},[57,106326,7446],{"class":67},[57,106328,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106330,68107],{"class":285},[57,106332,289],{"class":76},[57,106334,4091],{"class":285},[57,106336,498],{"class":67},[57,106338,24395],{"class":238},[57,106340,6778],{"class":67},[57,106342,106343],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,106344,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106346,106347,106349,106351,106353],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,106348,64],{"class":63},[57,106350,68],{"class":67},[57,106352,68130],{"class":238},[57,106354,242],{"class":67},[57,106356,106357,106359,106361,106363],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,106358,64],{"class":63},[57,106360,68],{"class":67},[57,106362,5941],{"class":238},[57,106364,242],{"class":67},[15,106366,106367],{},[1854,106368,106369],{},"What this does:",[27,106371,106372,106377,106382],{},[30,106373,106374,106375],{},"Removes one item from ",[19,106376,5941],{},[30,106378,106379,106380],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[19,106381,68130],{},[30,106383,106384],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[15,106386,106387,87136,106389,106391,106392,106394],{},[1854,106388,81994],{},[19,106390,106277],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[1854,106393,2750],{}," chosen by index.",[43,106396,1787,106398,1790],{"id":106397},"what-setpop-does",[19,106399,106277],{},[15,106401,106402,972],{},[19,106403,106277],{},[27,106405,106406,106408,106411,106414],{},[30,106407,101218],{},[30,106409,106410],{},"Returns the removed item",[30,106412,106413],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[30,106415,106416],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[15,106418,94500,106419,498],{},[373,106420,94504],{"href":95675},[43,106422,221],{"id":220},[48,106424,106426],{"className":50,"code":106425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.pop()\n",[19,106427,106428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106429,106430,106432,106434,106436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106431,13814],{"class":285},[57,106433,498],{"class":67},[57,106435,24395],{"class":238},[57,106437,6778],{"class":67},[15,106439,11197],{},[27,106441,106442,106448,106453],{},[30,106443,106444,106445],{},"The syntax is ",[19,106446,106447],{},"my_set.pop()",[30,106449,106450,106451],{},"It takes ",[1854,106452,26843],{},[30,106454,106455],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[15,106457,275],{},[48,106459,106461],{"className":50,"code":106460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[19,106462,106463,106495,106509,106513,106523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106464,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106466,11221],{"class":285},[57,106468,289],{"class":76},[57,106470,8629],{"class":67},[57,106472,939],{"class":938},[57,106474,11238],{"class":942},[57,106476,939],{"class":938},[57,106478,1081],{"class":67},[57,106480,1449],{"class":938},[57,106482,11255],{"class":942},[57,106484,939],{"class":938},[57,106486,1081],{"class":67},[57,106488,1449],{"class":938},[57,106490,15605],{"class":942},[57,106492,939],{"class":938},[57,106494,7446],{"class":67},[57,106496,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106498,26693],{"class":285},[57,106500,289],{"class":76},[57,106502,11269],{"class":285},[57,106504,498],{"class":67},[57,106506,24395],{"class":238},[57,106508,6778],{"class":67},[57,106510,106511],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,106512,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106514,106515,106517,106519,106521],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,106516,64],{"class":63},[57,106518,68],{"class":67},[57,106520,21463],{"class":238},[57,106522,242],{"class":67},[57,106524,106525,106527,106529,106531],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,106526,64],{"class":63},[57,106528,68],{"class":67},[57,106530,15652],{"class":238},[57,106532,242],{"class":67},[43,106534,106536],{"id":106535},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[15,106538,106539],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[15,106541,169],{},[27,106543,106544,106550,106553],{},[30,106545,106546,106547,106549],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[19,106548,10907],{}," removes",[30,106551,106552],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[30,106554,106555,106556,106558],{},"You should not use ",[19,106557,10907],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[15,106560,8599,106561,106563],{},[1854,106562,2750],{}," valid:",[48,106565,106567],{"className":50,"code":106566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[19,106568,106569,106601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106570,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106572,34400],{"class":285},[57,106574,289],{"class":76},[57,106576,8629],{"class":67},[57,106578,939],{"class":938},[57,106580,2195],{"class":942},[57,106582,939],{"class":938},[57,106584,1081],{"class":67},[57,106586,1449],{"class":938},[57,106588,2204],{"class":942},[57,106590,939],{"class":938},[57,106592,1081],{"class":67},[57,106594,1449],{"class":938},[57,106596,2213],{"class":942},[57,106598,939],{"class":938},[57,106600,7446],{"class":67},[57,106602,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615,106617],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106604,34452],{"class":285},[57,106606,498],{"class":67},[57,106608,24395],{"class":238},[57,106610,68],{"class":67},[57,106612,939],{"class":938},[57,106614,2195],{"class":942},[57,106616,939],{"class":938},[57,106618,242],{"class":67},[15,106620,37817,106621,106623],{},[19,106622,106277],{}," does not accept a value.",[15,106625,106626,106627,965,106631,498],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[373,106628,106629],{"href":96385},[19,106630,101044],{},[373,106632,106634],{"href":106633},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[19,106635,101035],{},[43,106637,106639],{"id":106638},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[15,106641,106642],{},"Here is a simple example:",[48,106644,106646],{"className":50,"code":106645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[19,106647,106648,106682,106686,106702,106706,106725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106649,106650,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106678,106680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106651,106652],{"class":285},"animals ",[57,106654,289],{"class":76},[57,106656,8629],{"class":67},[57,106658,939],{"class":938},[57,106660,35209],{"class":942},[57,106662,939],{"class":938},[57,106664,1081],{"class":67},[57,106666,1449],{"class":938},[57,106668,56298],{"class":942},[57,106670,939],{"class":938},[57,106672,1081],{"class":67},[57,106674,1449],{"class":938},[57,106676,106677],{"class":942},"rabbit",[57,106679,939],{"class":938},[57,106681,7446],{"class":67},[57,106683,106684],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106685,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106687,106688,106691,106693,106696,106698,106700],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,106689,106690],{"class":285},"removed_animal ",[57,106692,289],{"class":76},[57,106694,106695],{"class":285}," animals",[57,106697,498],{"class":67},[57,106699,24395],{"class":238},[57,106701,6778],{"class":67},[57,106703,106704],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,106705,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106707,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106723],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,106709,64],{"class":63},[57,106711,68],{"class":67},[57,106713,939],{"class":938},[57,106715,27111],{"class":942},[57,106717,939],{"class":938},[57,106719,1081],{"class":67},[57,106721,106722],{"class":238}," removed_animal",[57,106724,242],{"class":67},[57,106726,106727,106729,106731,106733,106736,106738,106740,106742],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,106728,64],{"class":63},[57,106730,68],{"class":67},[57,106732,939],{"class":938},[57,106734,106735],{"class":942},"Updated set:",[57,106737,939],{"class":938},[57,106739,1081],{"class":67},[57,106741,106695],{"class":238},[57,106743,242],{"class":67},[15,106745,28185],{},[48,106747,106749],{"className":50,"code":106748,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[19,106750,106751,106760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106752,106753,106755,106757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106754,27153],{"class":285},[57,106756,972],{"class":67},[57,106758,106759],{"class":285}," dog\n",[57,106761,106762,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106763,106764],{"class":285},"Updated ",[57,106766,4413],{"class":990},[57,106768,972],{"class":67},[57,106770,8629],{"class":67},[57,106772,1395],{"class":938},[57,106774,35209],{"class":942},[57,106776,1395],{"class":938},[57,106778,1081],{"class":67},[57,106780,1390],{"class":938},[57,106782,106677],{"class":942},[57,106784,1395],{"class":938},[57,106786,7446],{"class":67},[15,106788,106789],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[43,106791,106793],{"id":106792},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[15,106795,27805,106796,106798,106799,498],{},[19,106797,10907],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[19,106800,17838],{},[15,106802,275],{},[48,106804,106806],{"className":50,"code":106805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[19,106807,106808,106818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106809,106810,106812,106814,106816],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106811,5910],{"class":285},[57,106813,289],{"class":76},[57,106815,13781],{"class":990},[57,106817,6778],{"class":67},[57,106819,106820,106822,106824,106826],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106821,5941],{"class":285},[57,106823,498],{"class":67},[57,106825,24395],{"class":238},[57,106827,6778],{"class":67},[15,106829,106830],{},"This raises:",[48,106832,106834],{"className":50,"code":106833,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[19,106835,106836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106837,106838,106840,106842,106844,106847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106839,17838],{"class":990},[57,106841,972],{"class":67},[57,106843,1390],{"class":938},[57,106845,106846],{"class":942},"pop from an empty set",[57,106848,27855],{"class":938},[15,106850,106851,106852,106855],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[373,106853,106854],{"href":9214},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[616,106857,106859,106860],{"id":106858},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[19,106861,10907],{},[15,106863,106864],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[48,106866,106868],{"className":50,"code":106867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[19,106869,106870,106880,106884,106892,106907,106926,106932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106871,106872,106874,106876,106878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106873,5910],{"class":285},[57,106875,289],{"class":76},[57,106877,13781],{"class":990},[57,106879,6778],{"class":67},[57,106881,106882],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106883,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106885,106886,106888,106890],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,106887,5126],{"class":1990},[57,106889,4091],{"class":285},[57,106891,4520],{"class":67},[57,106893,106894,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,106895,106896],{"class":285},"    removed ",[57,106898,289],{"class":76},[57,106900,4091],{"class":285},[57,106902,498],{"class":67},[57,106904,24395],{"class":238},[57,106906,6778],{"class":67},[57,106908,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106924],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,106910,6201],{"class":63},[57,106912,68],{"class":67},[57,106914,939],{"class":938},[57,106916,27111],{"class":942},[57,106918,939],{"class":938},[57,106920,1081],{"class":67},[57,106922,106923],{"class":238}," removed",[57,106925,242],{"class":67},[57,106927,106928,106930],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,106929,25588],{"class":1990},[57,106931,4520],{"class":67},[57,106933,106934,106936,106938,106940,106943,106945],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,106935,6201],{"class":63},[57,106937,68],{"class":67},[57,106939,939],{"class":938},[57,106941,106942],{"class":942},"The set is empty.",[57,106944,939],{"class":938},[57,106946,242],{"class":67},[616,106948,154,106950,2511,106952],{"id":106949},"use-try-and-except",[19,106951,27959],{},[19,106953,27990],{},[15,106955,106956],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[48,106958,106960],{"className":50,"code":106959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[19,106961,106962,106972,106976,106982,106996,107014,107022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106963,106964,106966,106968,106970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106965,5910],{"class":285},[57,106967,289],{"class":76},[57,106969,13781],{"class":990},[57,106971,6778],{"class":67},[57,106973,106974],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,106975,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,106977,106978,106980],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,106979,27959],{"class":1990},[57,106981,4520],{"class":67},[57,106983,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,106985,106896],{"class":285},[57,106987,289],{"class":76},[57,106989,4091],{"class":285},[57,106991,498],{"class":67},[57,106993,24395],{"class":238},[57,106995,6778],{"class":67},[57,106997,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,106999,6201],{"class":63},[57,107001,68],{"class":67},[57,107003,939],{"class":938},[57,107005,27111],{"class":942},[57,107007,939],{"class":938},[57,107009,1081],{"class":67},[57,107011,106923],{"class":238},[57,107013,242],{"class":67},[57,107015,107016,107018,107020],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,107017,27990],{"class":1990},[57,107019,27993],{"class":990},[57,107021,4520],{"class":67},[57,107023,107024,107026,107028,107030,107033,107035],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,107025,6201],{"class":63},[57,107027,68],{"class":67},[57,107029,939],{"class":938},[57,107031,107032],{"class":942},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[57,107034,939],{"class":938},[57,107036,242],{"class":67},[43,107038,3082,107040,8724,107042,8724,107044],{"id":107039},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[19,107041,10907],{},[19,107043,53699],{},[19,107045,101030],{},[15,107047,107048],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[616,107050,154,107052],{"id":107051},"use-pop",[19,107053,10907],{},[15,107055,154,107056,8740],{},[19,107057,10907],{},[27,107059,107060,107066,107069],{},[30,107061,107062,107063],{},"You want to remove ",[1854,107064,107065],{},"any one item",[30,107067,107068],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[30,107070,107071],{},"You want the removed item returned",[48,107073,107075],{"className":50,"code":107074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[19,107076,107077,107097,107111],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107078,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107080,1724],{"class":285},[57,107082,289],{"class":76},[57,107084,8629],{"class":67},[57,107086,1078],{"class":80},[57,107088,1081],{"class":67},[57,107090,1084],{"class":80},[57,107092,1081],{"class":67},[57,107094,530],{"class":80},[57,107096,7446],{"class":67},[57,107098,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107100,525],{"class":285},[57,107102,289],{"class":76},[57,107104,2380],{"class":285},[57,107106,498],{"class":67},[57,107108,24395],{"class":238},[57,107110,6778],{"class":67},[57,107112,107113,107115,107117,107119],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,107114,64],{"class":63},[57,107116,68],{"class":67},[57,107118,552],{"class":238},[57,107120,242],{"class":67},[616,107122,154,107124],{"id":107123},"use-remove",[19,107125,53699],{},[15,107127,154,107128,8740],{},[19,107129,53699],{},[27,107131,107132,107138],{},[30,107133,107134,107135],{},"You want to delete a ",[1854,107136,107137],{},"specific item",[30,107139,107140],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[48,107142,107144],{"className":50,"code":107143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,107145,107146,107166,107180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107147,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107149,1724],{"class":285},[57,107151,289],{"class":76},[57,107153,8629],{"class":67},[57,107155,1078],{"class":80},[57,107157,1081],{"class":67},[57,107159,1084],{"class":80},[57,107161,1081],{"class":67},[57,107163,530],{"class":80},[57,107165,7446],{"class":67},[57,107167,107168,107170,107172,107174,107176,107178],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107169,1756],{"class":285},[57,107171,498],{"class":67},[57,107173,32953],{"class":238},[57,107175,68],{"class":67},[57,107177,116],{"class":80},[57,107179,242],{"class":67},[57,107181,107182,107184,107186,107188],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,107183,64],{"class":63},[57,107185,68],{"class":67},[57,107187,1756],{"class":238},[57,107189,242],{"class":67},[15,107191,107192,107193,107195,107196,107200],{},"If the item is missing, ",[19,107194,53699],{}," raises an error. See the ",[373,107197,107198,8880],{"href":96385},[19,107199,101044],{}," for details.",[616,107202,154,107204],{"id":107203},"use-discard",[19,107205,101030],{},[15,107207,154,107208,8740],{},[19,107209,101030],{},[27,107211,107212,107216],{},[30,107213,107134,107214],{},[1854,107215,107137],{},[30,107217,107218,107219,107221],{},"You do ",[1854,107220,2750],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[48,107223,107225],{"className":50,"code":107224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,107226,107227,107247,107261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107228,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107230,1724],{"class":285},[57,107232,289],{"class":76},[57,107234,8629],{"class":67},[57,107236,1078],{"class":80},[57,107238,1081],{"class":67},[57,107240,1084],{"class":80},[57,107242,1081],{"class":67},[57,107244,530],{"class":80},[57,107246,7446],{"class":67},[57,107248,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107250,1756],{"class":285},[57,107252,498],{"class":67},[57,107254,101097],{"class":238},[57,107256,68],{"class":67},[57,107258,199],{"class":80},[57,107260,242],{"class":67},[57,107262,107263,107265,107267,107269],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,107264,64],{"class":63},[57,107266,68],{"class":67},[57,107268,1756],{"class":238},[57,107270,242],{"class":67},[15,107272,107273,107274,107276,107277,107281],{},"This does nothing if ",[19,107275,199],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[373,107278,107279,8880],{"href":106633},[19,107280,101035],{}," for more examples.",[43,107283,913],{"id":912},[15,107285,69653,107286,972],{},[19,107287,106277],{},[27,107289,107290,107296,107301,107306],{},[30,107291,107292,107293],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[19,107294,107295],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[30,107297,6587,107298,107300],{},[19,107299,10907],{}," to remove the first or last item",[30,107302,27805,107303,107305],{},[19,107304,10907],{}," on an empty set",[30,107307,6551,107308,107310],{},[19,107309,10907],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[15,107312,60467],{},[48,107314,107316],{"className":50,"code":107315,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[19,107317,107318,107328,107342,107356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107319,107320,107322,107324,107326],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107321,64],{"class":63},[57,107323,68],{"class":67},[57,107325,13814],{"class":238},[57,107327,242],{"class":67},[57,107329,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107331,64],{"class":63},[57,107333,68],{"class":67},[57,107335,9302],{"class":63},[57,107337,68],{"class":67},[57,107339,13814],{"class":238},[57,107341,84],{"class":67},[57,107343,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,107345,64],{"class":63},[57,107347,68],{"class":67},[57,107349,1315],{"class":990},[57,107351,68],{"class":67},[57,107353,13814],{"class":238},[57,107355,84],{"class":67},[57,107357,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,107359,26693],{"class":285},[57,107361,289],{"class":76},[57,107363,95100],{"class":285},[57,107365,498],{"class":67},[57,107367,24395],{"class":238},[57,107369,6778],{"class":67},[15,107371,24162],{},[27,107373,107374,107377,107380,107383],{},[30,107375,107376],{},"What values are in the set",[30,107378,107379],{},"Whether the set is empty",[30,107381,107382],{},"That the object is really a set",[30,107384,107385],{},"What value was actually removed",[43,107387,1554],{"id":1553},[616,107389,10848,107391,107393],{"id":107390},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[19,107392,106277],{}," remove the first item?",[15,107395,107396,107397,107399],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[19,107398,10907],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[616,107401,107403,107404,572],{"id":107402},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[19,107405,106277],{},[15,107407,107408,107409,107411,107412,107414],{},"No. Unlike list ",[19,107410,10907],{},", set ",[19,107413,10907],{}," does not accept an index.",[616,107416,107418],{"id":107417},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[15,107420,69822,107421,42796,107423,107425],{},[19,107422,17838],{},[19,107424,10907],{}," is called on an empty set.",[616,107427,107429],{"id":107428},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[15,107431,154,107432,965,107434,9232,107436,498],{},[19,107433,53699],{},[19,107435,101030],{},[19,107437,10907],{},[43,107439,1602],{"id":1601},[27,107441,107442,107446,107452,107458,107462],{},[30,107443,107444],{},[373,107445,94504],{"href":95675},[30,107447,107448],{},[373,107449,94990,107450,8880],{"href":96385},[19,107451,53699],{},[30,107453,107454],{},[373,107455,94990,107456,8880],{"href":106633},[19,107457,101030],{},[30,107459,107460],{},[373,107461,9403],{"href":9214},[30,107463,107464],{},[373,107465,53685],{"href":53237},[1634,107467,107468],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":107470},[107471,107472,107474,107475,107476,107477,107483,107492,107493,107501],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":106397,"depth":87,"text":107473},"What set.pop() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":106535,"depth":87,"text":106536},{"id":106638,"depth":87,"text":106639},{"id":106792,"depth":87,"text":106793,"children":107478},[107479,107481],{"id":106858,"depth":103,"text":107480},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":106949,"depth":103,"text":107482},"Use try and except",{"id":107039,"depth":87,"text":107484,"children":107485},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[107486,107488,107490],{"id":107051,"depth":103,"text":107487},"Use pop()",{"id":107123,"depth":103,"text":107489},"Use remove()",{"id":107203,"depth":103,"text":107491},"Use discard()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":107494},[107495,107497,107499,107500],{"id":107390,"depth":103,"text":107496},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":107402,"depth":103,"text":107498},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":107417,"depth":103,"text":107418},{"id":107428,"depth":103,"text":107429},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":106265,"description":107502},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":107509,"title":107510,"body":107511,"description":108665,"extension":1666,"meta":108666,"navigation":317,"path":108667,"seo":108668,"stem":108669,"__hash__":108670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":8,"value":107512,"toc":108633},[107513,107518,107523,107532,107534,107599,107603,107627,107634,107639,107643,107658,107661,107663,107682,107696,107699,107747,107751,107767,107769,107842,107846,107871,107877,107885,107889,107896,107951,107956,107973,107979,107985,107990,107998,108005,108009,108017,108072,108074,108091,108095,108102,108167,108171,108204,108206,108218,108225,108227,108232,108239,108241,108310,108314,108322,108324,108388,108392,108397,108444,108449,108517,108525,108532,108535,108541,108546,108550,108552,108555,108557,108562,108567,108573,108578,108585,108593,108599,108602,108604,108630],[11,107514,94376,107516,9463],{"id":107515},"python-set-remove-method",[19,107517,53699],{},[15,107519,107520,107522],{},[19,107521,101044],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[15,107524,107525,107526,107529,107530,498],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[1854,107527,107528],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[19,107531,17838],{},[43,107533,46],{"id":45},[48,107535,107537],{"className":50,"code":107536,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[19,107538,107539,107571,107589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107540,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107542,11221],{"class":285},[57,107544,289],{"class":76},[57,107546,8629],{"class":67},[57,107548,939],{"class":938},[57,107550,11238],{"class":942},[57,107552,939],{"class":938},[57,107554,1081],{"class":67},[57,107556,1449],{"class":938},[57,107558,11255],{"class":942},[57,107560,939],{"class":938},[57,107562,1081],{"class":67},[57,107564,1449],{"class":938},[57,107566,15605],{"class":942},[57,107568,939],{"class":938},[57,107570,7446],{"class":67},[57,107572,107573,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107574,15652],{"class":285},[57,107576,498],{"class":67},[57,107578,32953],{"class":238},[57,107580,68],{"class":67},[57,107582,939],{"class":938},[57,107584,11255],{"class":942},[57,107586,939],{"class":938},[57,107588,242],{"class":67},[57,107590,107591,107593,107595,107597],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,107592,64],{"class":63},[57,107594,68],{"class":67},[57,107596,15652],{"class":238},[57,107598,242],{"class":67},[15,107600,107601],{},[1854,107602,28185],{},[48,107604,107605],{"className":50,"code":101724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,107606,107607],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107608,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107610,7415],{"class":67},[57,107612,1395],{"class":938},[57,107614,11238],{"class":942},[57,107616,1395],{"class":938},[57,107618,1081],{"class":67},[57,107620,1390],{"class":938},[57,107622,15605],{"class":942},[57,107624,1395],{"class":938},[57,107626,7446],{"class":67},[15,107628,154,107629,107631,107632,498],{},[19,107630,53699],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[19,107633,17838],{},[43,107635,1787,107637,1790],{"id":107636},"what-setremove-does",[19,107638,101044],{},[15,107640,107641,972],{},[19,107642,101044],{},[27,107644,107645,107648,107650,107652],{},[30,107646,107647],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[30,107649,94491],{},[30,107651,94494],{},[30,107653,107654,107655,107657],{},"Raises ",[19,107656,17838],{}," if the value is missing",[15,107659,107660],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[43,107662,221],{"id":220},[48,107664,107666],{"className":50,"code":107665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[19,107667,107668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107669,107670,107672,107674,107676,107678,107680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107671,13814],{"class":285},[57,107673,498],{"class":67},[57,107675,32953],{"class":238},[57,107677,68],{"class":67},[57,107679,552],{"class":238},[57,107681,242],{"class":67},[27,107683,107684,107688,107693],{},[30,107685,107686,101266],{},[19,107687,13814],{},[30,107689,107690,107692],{},[19,107691,552],{}," is the item to remove",[30,107694,107695],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[15,107697,107698],{},"Here is a small example:",[48,107700,107701],{"className":50,"code":107143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,107702,107703,107723,107737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107704,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107706,1724],{"class":285},[57,107708,289],{"class":76},[57,107710,8629],{"class":67},[57,107712,1078],{"class":80},[57,107714,1081],{"class":67},[57,107716,1084],{"class":80},[57,107718,1081],{"class":67},[57,107720,530],{"class":80},[57,107722,7446],{"class":67},[57,107724,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107726,1756],{"class":285},[57,107728,498],{"class":67},[57,107730,32953],{"class":238},[57,107732,68],{"class":67},[57,107734,116],{"class":80},[57,107736,242],{"class":67},[57,107738,107739,107741,107743,107745],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,107740,64],{"class":63},[57,107742,68],{"class":67},[57,107744,1756],{"class":238},[57,107746,242],{"class":67},[15,107748,107749],{},[1854,107750,28185],{},[48,107752,107753],{"className":50,"code":99474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,107754,107755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107756,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107758,7415],{"class":67},[57,107760,1078],{"class":80},[57,107762,1081],{"class":67},[57,107764,530],{"class":80},[57,107766,7446],{"class":67},[43,107768,9617],{"id":9616},[48,107770,107772],{"className":50,"code":107771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[19,107773,107774,107806,107810,107828,107832],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107775,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107777,34400],{"class":285},[57,107779,289],{"class":76},[57,107781,8629],{"class":67},[57,107783,939],{"class":938},[57,107785,2195],{"class":942},[57,107787,939],{"class":938},[57,107789,1081],{"class":67},[57,107791,1449],{"class":938},[57,107793,2204],{"class":942},[57,107795,939],{"class":938},[57,107797,1081],{"class":67},[57,107799,1449],{"class":938},[57,107801,31378],{"class":942},[57,107803,939],{"class":938},[57,107805,7446],{"class":67},[57,107807,107808],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107809,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,107811,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,107813,34452],{"class":285},[57,107815,498],{"class":67},[57,107817,32953],{"class":238},[57,107819,68],{"class":67},[57,107821,939],{"class":938},[57,107823,2204],{"class":942},[57,107825,939],{"class":938},[57,107827,242],{"class":67},[57,107829,107830],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,107831,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,107833,107834,107836,107838,107840],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,107835,64],{"class":63},[57,107837,68],{"class":67},[57,107839,34452],{"class":238},[57,107841,242],{"class":67},[15,107843,107844],{},[1854,107845,28185],{},[48,107847,107849],{"className":50,"code":107848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[19,107850,107851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107852,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107854,7415],{"class":67},[57,107856,1395],{"class":938},[57,107858,2195],{"class":942},[57,107860,1395],{"class":938},[57,107862,1081],{"class":67},[57,107864,1390],{"class":938},[57,107866,31378],{"class":942},[57,107868,1395],{"class":938},[57,107870,7446],{"class":67},[15,107872,107873,107874,107876],{},"This removes ",[19,107875,63447],{}," from the set.",[15,107878,107879,107880,107882,107883,498],{},"A set does ",[1854,107881,2750],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[373,107884,94508],{"href":96059},[43,107886,107888],{"id":107887},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[15,107890,107891,107892,50664,107894,498],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[19,107893,53699],{},[19,107895,17838],{},[48,107897,107899],{"className":50,"code":107898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[19,107900,107901,107933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107904,11221],{"class":285},[57,107906,289],{"class":76},[57,107908,8629],{"class":67},[57,107910,939],{"class":938},[57,107912,11238],{"class":942},[57,107914,939],{"class":938},[57,107916,1081],{"class":67},[57,107918,1449],{"class":938},[57,107920,11255],{"class":942},[57,107922,939],{"class":938},[57,107924,1081],{"class":67},[57,107926,1449],{"class":938},[57,107928,15605],{"class":942},[57,107930,939],{"class":938},[57,107932,7446],{"class":67},[57,107934,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,107936,15652],{"class":285},[57,107938,498],{"class":67},[57,107940,32953],{"class":238},[57,107942,68],{"class":67},[57,107944,939],{"class":938},[57,107946,20676],{"class":942},[57,107948,939],{"class":938},[57,107950,242],{"class":67},[15,107952,107953],{},[1854,107954,107955],{},"Result:",[48,107957,107959],{"className":50,"code":107958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[19,107960,107961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107962,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107964,17838],{"class":990},[57,107966,972],{"class":67},[57,107968,1390],{"class":938},[57,107970,20676],{"class":942},[57,107972,27855],{"class":938},[15,107974,20341,107975,107978],{},[19,107976,107977],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[15,107980,107981,107982,107984],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[19,107983,53699],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[15,107986,107987,107988,498],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[373,107989,9403],{"href":9214},[43,107991,2315,107993,107995,107996],{"id":107992},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[19,107994,53699],{}," is different from ",[19,107997,101030],{},[15,107999,108000,2511,108002,108004],{},[19,108001,53699],{},[19,108003,101030],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[616,108006,108007],{"id":32953},[19,108008,53699],{},[27,108010,108011,108014],{},[30,108012,108013],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[30,108015,108016],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[48,108018,108020],{"className":50,"code":108019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[19,108021,108022,108054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108023,108024,108026,108028,108030,108032,108034,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108025,34251],{"class":285},[57,108027,289],{"class":76},[57,108029,8629],{"class":67},[57,108031,939],{"class":938},[57,108033,373],{"class":942},[57,108035,939],{"class":938},[57,108037,1081],{"class":67},[57,108039,1449],{"class":938},[57,108041,2881],{"class":942},[57,108043,939],{"class":938},[57,108045,1081],{"class":67},[57,108047,1449],{"class":938},[57,108049,7877],{"class":942},[57,108051,939],{"class":938},[57,108053,7446],{"class":67},[57,108055,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108057,34304],{"class":285},[57,108059,498],{"class":67},[57,108061,32953],{"class":238},[57,108063,68],{"class":67},[57,108065,939],{"class":938},[57,108067,16918],{"class":942},[57,108069,939],{"class":938},[57,108071,242],{"class":67},[15,108073,106830],{},[48,108075,108077],{"className":50,"code":108076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[19,108078,108079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108080,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108082,17838],{"class":990},[57,108084,972],{"class":67},[57,108086,1390],{"class":938},[57,108088,16918],{"class":942},[57,108090,27855],{"class":938},[616,108092,108093],{"id":101097},[19,108094,101030],{},[27,108096,108097,108099],{},[30,108098,108013],{},[30,108100,108101],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[48,108103,108105],{"className":50,"code":108104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,108106,108107,108139,108157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108108,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108110,34251],{"class":285},[57,108112,289],{"class":76},[57,108114,8629],{"class":67},[57,108116,939],{"class":938},[57,108118,373],{"class":942},[57,108120,939],{"class":938},[57,108122,1081],{"class":67},[57,108124,1449],{"class":938},[57,108126,2881],{"class":942},[57,108128,939],{"class":938},[57,108130,1081],{"class":67},[57,108132,1449],{"class":938},[57,108134,7877],{"class":942},[57,108136,939],{"class":938},[57,108138,7446],{"class":67},[57,108140,108141,108143,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108142,34304],{"class":285},[57,108144,498],{"class":67},[57,108146,101097],{"class":238},[57,108148,68],{"class":67},[57,108150,939],{"class":938},[57,108152,16918],{"class":942},[57,108154,939],{"class":938},[57,108156,242],{"class":67},[57,108158,108159,108161,108163,108165],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,108160,64],{"class":63},[57,108162,68],{"class":67},[57,108164,34304],{"class":238},[57,108166,242],{"class":67},[15,108168,108169],{},[1854,108170,131],{},[48,108172,108174],{"className":50,"code":108173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[19,108175,108176],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108177,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108179,7415],{"class":67},[57,108181,1395],{"class":938},[57,108183,373],{"class":942},[57,108185,1395],{"class":938},[57,108187,1081],{"class":67},[57,108189,1390],{"class":938},[57,108191,2881],{"class":942},[57,108193,1395],{"class":938},[57,108195,1081],{"class":67},[57,108197,1390],{"class":938},[57,108199,7877],{"class":942},[57,108201,1395],{"class":938},[57,108203,7446],{"class":67},[15,108205,16845],{},[27,108207,108208,108213],{},[30,108209,108210,108212],{},[19,108211,53699],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[30,108214,108215,108217],{},[19,108216,101030],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[15,108219,108220,108221,498],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[373,108222,94990,108223,8880],{"href":106633},[19,108224,101030],{},[43,108226,2637],{"id":2636},[616,108228,6587,108230,95370],{"id":108229},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[19,108231,53699],{},[15,108233,108234,108236,108237,498],{},[19,108235,53699],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[19,108238,1890],{},[15,108240,14792],{},[48,108242,108244],{"className":50,"code":108243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[19,108245,108246,108278,108300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108247,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108249,11221],{"class":285},[57,108251,289],{"class":76},[57,108253,8629],{"class":67},[57,108255,939],{"class":938},[57,108257,11238],{"class":942},[57,108259,939],{"class":938},[57,108261,1081],{"class":67},[57,108263,1449],{"class":938},[57,108265,11255],{"class":942},[57,108267,939],{"class":938},[57,108269,1081],{"class":67},[57,108271,1449],{"class":938},[57,108273,15605],{"class":942},[57,108275,939],{"class":938},[57,108277,7446],{"class":67},[57,108279,108280,108282,108284,108286,108288,108290,108292,108294,108296,108298],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108281,11264],{"class":285},[57,108283,289],{"class":76},[57,108285,11269],{"class":285},[57,108287,498],{"class":67},[57,108289,32953],{"class":238},[57,108291,68],{"class":67},[57,108293,939],{"class":938},[57,108295,11255],{"class":942},[57,108297,939],{"class":938},[57,108299,242],{"class":67},[57,108301,108302,108304,108306,108308],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,108303,64],{"class":63},[57,108305,68],{"class":67},[57,108307,11288],{"class":238},[57,108309,242],{"class":67},[15,108311,108312],{},[1854,108313,131],{},[48,108315,108316],{"className":50,"code":9951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,108317,108318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108319,108320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108321,9951],{"class":1965},[15,108323,14804],{},[48,108325,108326],{"className":50,"code":107536,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,108327,108328,108360,108378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108329,108330,108332,108334,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356,108358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108331,11221],{"class":285},[57,108333,289],{"class":76},[57,108335,8629],{"class":67},[57,108337,939],{"class":938},[57,108339,11238],{"class":942},[57,108341,939],{"class":938},[57,108343,1081],{"class":67},[57,108345,1449],{"class":938},[57,108347,11255],{"class":942},[57,108349,939],{"class":938},[57,108351,1081],{"class":67},[57,108353,1449],{"class":938},[57,108355,15605],{"class":942},[57,108357,939],{"class":938},[57,108359,7446],{"class":67},[57,108361,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108363,15652],{"class":285},[57,108365,498],{"class":67},[57,108367,32953],{"class":238},[57,108369,68],{"class":67},[57,108371,939],{"class":938},[57,108373,11255],{"class":942},[57,108375,939],{"class":938},[57,108377,242],{"class":67},[57,108379,108380,108382,108384,108386],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,108381,64],{"class":63},[57,108383,68],{"class":67},[57,108385,15652],{"class":238},[57,108387,242],{"class":67},[616,108389,108391],{"id":108390},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[15,108393,108394,108395,498],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[19,108396,17838],{},[48,108398,108400],{"className":50,"code":108399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[19,108401,108402,108426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108403,108404,108406,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108405,11221],{"class":285},[57,108407,289],{"class":76},[57,108409,8629],{"class":67},[57,108411,939],{"class":938},[57,108413,11238],{"class":942},[57,108415,939],{"class":938},[57,108417,1081],{"class":67},[57,108419,1449],{"class":938},[57,108421,11255],{"class":942},[57,108423,939],{"class":938},[57,108425,7446],{"class":67},[57,108427,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108429,15652],{"class":285},[57,108431,498],{"class":67},[57,108433,32953],{"class":238},[57,108435,68],{"class":67},[57,108437,939],{"class":938},[57,108439,15605],{"class":942},[57,108441,939],{"class":938},[57,108443,242],{"class":67},[15,108445,108446,108447,972],{},"To check first, you can use ",[19,108448,1997],{},[48,108450,108452],{"className":50,"code":108451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[19,108453,108454,108478,108482,108498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108455,108456,108458,108460,108462,108464,108466,108468,108470,108472,108474,108476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108457,11221],{"class":285},[57,108459,289],{"class":76},[57,108461,8629],{"class":67},[57,108463,939],{"class":938},[57,108465,11238],{"class":942},[57,108467,939],{"class":938},[57,108469,1081],{"class":67},[57,108471,1449],{"class":938},[57,108473,11255],{"class":942},[57,108475,939],{"class":938},[57,108477,7446],{"class":67},[57,108479,108480],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108481,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,108483,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494,108496],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,108485,5126],{"class":1990},[57,108487,1449],{"class":938},[57,108489,15605],{"class":942},[57,108491,939],{"class":938},[57,108493,19325],{"class":76},[57,108495,11269],{"class":285},[57,108497,4520],{"class":67},[57,108499,108500,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,108501,108502],{"class":285},"    colors",[57,108504,498],{"class":67},[57,108506,32953],{"class":238},[57,108508,68],{"class":67},[57,108510,939],{"class":938},[57,108512,15605],{"class":942},[57,108514,939],{"class":938},[57,108516,242],{"class":67},[15,108518,108519,108520,108524],{},"Or use ",[373,108521,108522],{"href":106633},[19,108523,101030],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[616,108526,35366,108528,6840,108530],{"id":108527},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[19,108529,101044],{},[19,108531,53245],{},[15,108533,108534],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[15,108536,108537,108538,108540],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[19,108539,101044],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[15,108542,108543,108544,498],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[373,108545,97254],{"href":97253},[616,108547,108549],{"id":108548},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[15,108551,106539],{},[15,108553,108554],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[43,108556,1554],{"id":1553},[616,108558,10848,108560,95469],{"id":108559},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[19,108561,101044],{},[15,108563,108564,108565,498],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[19,108566,1890],{},[616,108568,28443,108570,108572],{"id":108569},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[19,108571,101044],{}," raise?",[15,108574,28449,108575,108577],{},[19,108576,17838],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[616,108579,19572,108581,965,108583,572],{"id":108580},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[19,108582,53699],{},[19,108584,101030],{},[15,108586,154,108587,108589,108590,108592],{},[19,108588,53699],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[19,108591,101030],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[616,108594,3292,108596,108598],{"id":108595},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[19,108597,101044],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[15,108600,108601],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[43,108603,1602],{"id":1601},[27,108605,108606,108612,108618,108622,108626],{},[30,108607,108608],{},[373,108609,94990,108610,8880],{"href":106633},[19,108611,101030],{},[30,108613,108614],{},[373,108615,94990,108616,8880],{"href":96390},[19,108617,10907],{},[30,108619,108620],{},[373,108621,95514],{"href":96059},[30,108623,108624],{},[373,108625,98520],{"href":97253},[30,108627,108628],{},[373,108629,9403],{"href":9214},[1634,108631,108632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":108634},[108635,108636,108638,108639,108640,108641,108646,108654,108664],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":107636,"depth":87,"text":108637},"What set.remove() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":107887,"depth":87,"text":107888},{"id":107992,"depth":87,"text":108642,"children":108643},"How remove() is different from discard()",[108644,108645],{"id":32953,"depth":103,"text":53699},{"id":101097,"depth":103,"text":101030},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":108647},[108648,108650,108651,108653],{"id":108229,"depth":103,"text":108649},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":108390,"depth":103,"text":108391},{"id":108527,"depth":103,"text":108652},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":108548,"depth":103,"text":108549},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":108655},[108656,108658,108660,108662],{"id":108559,"depth":103,"text":108657},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":108569,"depth":103,"text":108659},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":108580,"depth":103,"text":108661},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":108595,"depth":103,"text":108663},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":107510,"description":108665},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":108672,"title":108673,"body":108674,"description":110047,"extension":1666,"meta":110048,"navigation":317,"path":110049,"seo":110050,"stem":110051,"__hash__":110052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":8,"value":108675,"toc":110022},[108676,108682,108688,108691,108694,108708,108710,108791,108794,108799,108803,108817,108824,108826,108845,108848,108866,108868,108948,108950,108975,108979,108982,108990,108995,109000,109002,109015,109020,109023,109047,109050,109058,109060,109063,109160,109162,109195,109197,109223,109230,109233,109237,109245,109249,109257,109259,109349,109351,109365,109372,109377,109382,109384,109475,109477,109489,109491,109505,109511,109519,109521,109603,109605,109650,109653,109661,109664,109666,109670,109713,109715,109735,109740,109742,109827,109829,109834,109836,109843,109851,109857,109860,109862,109948,109950,109974,109978,109981,109983,110010,110020],[11,108677,94376,108679,9463],{"id":108678},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[19,108680,108681],{},"symmetric_difference()",[15,108683,108684,108687],{},[19,108685,108686],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[15,108689,108690],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[15,108692,108693],{},"Use it when:",[27,108695,108696,108699,108705],{},[30,108697,108698],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[30,108700,108701,108702,108704],{},"you do ",[1854,108703,2750],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[30,108706,108707],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[43,108709,1714],{"id":1713},[48,108711,108713],{"className":50,"code":108712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[19,108714,108715,108735,108755,108759,108778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108716,108717,108719,108721,108723,108725,108727,108729,108731,108733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108718,636],{"class":285},[57,108720,289],{"class":76},[57,108722,8629],{"class":67},[57,108724,1078],{"class":80},[57,108726,1081],{"class":67},[57,108728,1084],{"class":80},[57,108730,1081],{"class":67},[57,108732,530],{"class":80},[57,108734,7446],{"class":67},[57,108736,108737,108739,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108738,664],{"class":285},[57,108740,289],{"class":76},[57,108742,8629],{"class":67},[57,108744,122],{"class":80},[57,108746,1081],{"class":67},[57,108748,536],{"class":80},[57,108750,1081],{"class":67},[57,108752,2724],{"class":80},[57,108754,7446],{"class":67},[57,108756,108757],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,108758,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,108760,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769,108772,108774,108776],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,108762,300],{"class":285},[57,108764,289],{"class":76},[57,108766,55058],{"class":285},[57,108768,498],{"class":67},[57,108770,108771],{"class":238},"symmetric_difference",[57,108773,68],{"class":67},[57,108775,2881],{"class":238},[57,108777,242],{"class":67},[57,108779,108780,108782,108784,108786,108788],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,108781,64],{"class":63},[57,108783,68],{"class":67},[57,108785,339],{"class":238},[57,108787,1769],{"class":67},[57,108789,108790],{"class":1772},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,108792,108793],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[43,108795,1787,108797,1790],{"id":108796},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[19,108798,108681],{},[15,108800,108801,972],{},[19,108802,108686],{},[27,108804,108805,108808,108811,108814],{},[30,108806,108807],{},"returns a new set",[30,108809,108810],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[30,108812,108813],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[30,108815,108816],{},"does not change the original set",[15,108818,94500,108819,965,108821,498],{},[373,108820,94504],{"href":94503},[373,108822,108823],{"href":94507},"creating a set in Python",[43,108825,221],{"id":220},[48,108827,108829],{"className":50,"code":108828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[19,108830,108831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108832,108833,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108834,98761],{"class":285},[57,108836,498],{"class":67},[57,108838,108771],{"class":238},[57,108840,68],{"class":67},[57,108842,98770],{"class":238},[57,108844,242],{"class":67},[15,108846,108847],{},"Notes:",[27,108849,108850,108855,108860,108863],{},[30,108851,108852,108854],{},[19,108853,98761],{}," must be a set",[30,108856,108857,108859],{},[19,108858,98770],{}," can be any iterable",[30,108861,108862],{},"the result is always a set",[30,108864,108865],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[15,108867,275],{},[48,108869,108871],{"className":50,"code":108870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[19,108872,108873,108894,108915,108919,108938],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108874,108875,108878,108880,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108876,108877],{"class":285},"set1 ",[57,108879,289],{"class":76},[57,108881,8629],{"class":67},[57,108883,1078],{"class":80},[57,108885,1081],{"class":67},[57,108887,1084],{"class":80},[57,108889,1081],{"class":67},[57,108891,530],{"class":80},[57,108893,7446],{"class":67},[57,108895,108896,108899,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,108897,108898],{"class":285},"set2 ",[57,108900,289],{"class":76},[57,108902,8629],{"class":67},[57,108904,122],{"class":80},[57,108906,1081],{"class":67},[57,108908,536],{"class":80},[57,108910,1081],{"class":67},[57,108912,2724],{"class":80},[57,108914,7446],{"class":67},[57,108916,108917],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,108918,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,108920,108921,108923,108925,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,108922,300],{"class":285},[57,108924,289],{"class":76},[57,108926,108927],{"class":285}," set1",[57,108929,498],{"class":67},[57,108931,108771],{"class":238},[57,108933,68],{"class":67},[57,108935,98770],{"class":238},[57,108937,242],{"class":67},[57,108939,108940,108942,108944,108946],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,108941,64],{"class":63},[57,108943,68],{"class":67},[57,108945,339],{"class":238},[57,108947,242],{"class":67},[15,108949,131],{},[48,108951,108953],{"className":50,"code":108952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[19,108954,108955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108956,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108958,7415],{"class":67},[57,108960,1078],{"class":80},[57,108962,1081],{"class":67},[57,108964,1084],{"class":80},[57,108966,1081],{"class":67},[57,108968,536],{"class":80},[57,108970,1081],{"class":67},[57,108972,2724],{"class":80},[57,108974,7446],{"class":67},[43,108976,108978],{"id":108977},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[15,108980,108981],{},"The result includes:",[27,108983,108984,108987],{},[30,108985,108986],{},"items only in the first set",[30,108988,108989],{},"items only in the second set",[15,108991,108992,108993,9223],{},"The result does ",[1854,108994,2750],{},[27,108996,108997],{},[30,108998,108999],{},"items shared by both sets",[15,109001,3596],{},[27,109003,109004,109009],{},[30,109005,109006,109007],{},"first set: ",[19,109008,98458],{},[30,109010,109011,109012],{},"second set: ",[19,109013,109014],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[15,109016,2165,109017,109019],{},[19,109018,122],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[15,109021,109022],{},"The output is:",[48,109024,109025],{"className":50,"code":108952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,109026,109027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109028,109029,109031,109033,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109030,7415],{"class":67},[57,109032,1078],{"class":80},[57,109034,1081],{"class":67},[57,109036,1084],{"class":80},[57,109038,1081],{"class":67},[57,109040,536],{"class":80},[57,109042,1081],{"class":67},[57,109044,2724],{"class":80},[57,109046,7446],{"class":67},[15,109048,109049],{},"Also remember:",[27,109051,109052,109055],{},[30,109053,109054],{},"sets are unordered",[30,109056,109057],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[43,109059,9617],{"id":9616},[15,109061,109062],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[48,109064,109066],{"className":50,"code":109065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,109067,109068,109100,109124,109128,109146,109150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109069,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094,109096,109098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109071,105201],{"class":285},[57,109073,289],{"class":76},[57,109075,8629],{"class":67},[57,109077,939],{"class":938},[57,109079,11238],{"class":942},[57,109081,939],{"class":938},[57,109083,1081],{"class":67},[57,109085,1449],{"class":938},[57,109087,11255],{"class":942},[57,109089,939],{"class":938},[57,109091,1081],{"class":67},[57,109093,1449],{"class":938},[57,109095,15605],{"class":942},[57,109097,939],{"class":938},[57,109099,7446],{"class":67},[57,109101,109102,109104,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,109103,105234],{"class":285},[57,109105,289],{"class":76},[57,109107,8629],{"class":67},[57,109109,939],{"class":938},[57,109111,15605],{"class":942},[57,109113,939],{"class":938},[57,109115,1081],{"class":67},[57,109117,1449],{"class":938},[57,109119,20676],{"class":942},[57,109121,939],{"class":938},[57,109123,7446],{"class":67},[57,109125,109126],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,109127,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,109129,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,109131,300],{"class":285},[57,109133,289],{"class":76},[57,109135,105276],{"class":285},[57,109137,498],{"class":67},[57,109139,108771],{"class":238},[57,109141,68],{"class":67},[57,109143,105285],{"class":238},[57,109145,242],{"class":67},[57,109147,109148],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,109149,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,109151,109152,109154,109156,109158],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,109153,64],{"class":63},[57,109155,68],{"class":67},[57,109157,339],{"class":238},[57,109159,242],{"class":67},[15,109161,131],{},[48,109163,109165],{"className":50,"code":109164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[19,109166,109167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109168,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181,109183,109185,109187,109189,109191,109193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109170,7415],{"class":67},[57,109172,1395],{"class":938},[57,109174,11238],{"class":942},[57,109176,1395],{"class":938},[57,109178,1081],{"class":67},[57,109180,1390],{"class":938},[57,109182,11255],{"class":942},[57,109184,1395],{"class":938},[57,109186,1081],{"class":67},[57,109188,1390],{"class":938},[57,109190,20676],{"class":942},[57,109192,1395],{"class":938},[57,109194,7446],{"class":67},[15,109196,11555],{},[27,109198,109199,109204,109215],{},[30,109200,109201,109203],{},[19,109202,94669],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[30,109205,109206,2511,109208,109211,109212,109214],{},[19,109207,63565],{},[19,109209,109210],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[19,109213,105338],{},", so they stay",[30,109216,109217,109219,109220,109222],{},[19,109218,107977],{}," is only in ",[19,109221,105285],{},", so it stays",[43,109224,109226,8724,109228],{"id":109225},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[19,109227,108681],{},[19,109229,98590],{},[15,109231,109232],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[15,109234,109235,972],{},[19,109236,98590],{},[27,109238,109239,109242],{},[30,109240,109241],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[30,109243,109244],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[15,109246,109247,972],{},[19,109248,108681],{},[27,109250,109251,109254],{},[30,109252,109253],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[30,109255,109256],{},"removes shared items",[15,109258,275],{},[48,109260,109262],{"className":50,"code":109261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[19,109263,109264,109284,109304,109308,109329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109265,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278,109280,109282],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109267,636],{"class":285},[57,109269,289],{"class":76},[57,109271,8629],{"class":67},[57,109273,1078],{"class":80},[57,109275,1081],{"class":67},[57,109277,1084],{"class":80},[57,109279,1081],{"class":67},[57,109281,530],{"class":80},[57,109283,7446],{"class":67},[57,109285,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300,109302],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,109287,664],{"class":285},[57,109289,289],{"class":76},[57,109291,8629],{"class":67},[57,109293,122],{"class":80},[57,109295,1081],{"class":67},[57,109297,536],{"class":80},[57,109299,1081],{"class":67},[57,109301,2724],{"class":80},[57,109303,7446],{"class":67},[57,109305,109306],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,109307,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,109309,109310,109312,109314,109316,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,109311,64],{"class":63},[57,109313,68],{"class":67},[57,109315,373],{"class":238},[57,109317,498],{"class":67},[57,109319,894],{"class":238},[57,109321,68],{"class":67},[57,109323,2881],{"class":238},[57,109325,3485],{"class":67},[57,109327,109328],{"class":1772},"            # {1, 2}\n",[57,109330,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,109332,64],{"class":63},[57,109334,68],{"class":67},[57,109336,373],{"class":238},[57,109338,498],{"class":67},[57,109340,108771],{"class":238},[57,109342,68],{"class":67},[57,109344,2881],{"class":238},[57,109346,3485],{"class":67},[57,109348,108790],{"class":1772},[15,109350,16845],{},[27,109352,109353,109360],{},[30,109354,109355,109359],{},[373,109356,109357],{"href":101016},[19,109358,98590],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[30,109361,109362,109364],{},[19,109363,108681],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[43,109366,109368,8724,109370],{"id":109367},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[19,109369,108681],{},[19,109371,100975],{},[15,109373,109374,109376],{},[19,109375,100975],{}," combines both sets.",[15,109378,109379,109381],{},[19,109380,108681],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[15,109383,275],{},[48,109385,109387],{"className":50,"code":109386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[19,109388,109389,109409,109429,109433,109455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109390,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109392,636],{"class":285},[57,109394,289],{"class":76},[57,109396,8629],{"class":67},[57,109398,1078],{"class":80},[57,109400,1081],{"class":67},[57,109402,1084],{"class":80},[57,109404,1081],{"class":67},[57,109406,530],{"class":80},[57,109408,7446],{"class":67},[57,109410,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423,109425,109427],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,109412,664],{"class":285},[57,109414,289],{"class":76},[57,109416,8629],{"class":67},[57,109418,122],{"class":80},[57,109420,1081],{"class":67},[57,109422,536],{"class":80},[57,109424,1081],{"class":67},[57,109426,2724],{"class":80},[57,109428,7446],{"class":67},[57,109430,109431],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,109432,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,109434,109435,109437,109439,109441,109443,109446,109448,109450,109452],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,109436,64],{"class":63},[57,109438,68],{"class":67},[57,109440,373],{"class":238},[57,109442,498],{"class":67},[57,109444,109445],{"class":238},"union",[57,109447,68],{"class":67},[57,109449,2881],{"class":238},[57,109451,3485],{"class":67},[57,109453,109454],{"class":1772},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[57,109456,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,109458,64],{"class":63},[57,109460,68],{"class":67},[57,109462,373],{"class":238},[57,109464,498],{"class":67},[57,109466,108771],{"class":238},[57,109468,68],{"class":67},[57,109470,2881],{"class":238},[57,109472,3485],{"class":67},[57,109474,108790],{"class":1772},[15,109476,25375],{},[27,109478,109479,109484],{},[30,109480,109481,109483],{},[19,109482,100975],{}," includes everything",[30,109485,109486,109488],{},[19,109487,108681],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[15,109490,16845],{},[27,109492,109493,109500],{},[30,109494,109495,109499],{},[373,109496,109497],{"href":105906},[19,109498,100975],{}," when overlap does not matter",[30,109501,109502,109504],{},[19,109503,108681],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[43,109506,34774,109508,99774],{"id":109507},"using-the-operator",[19,109509,109510],{},"^",[15,109512,109513,109514,109516,109517,498],{},"For sets, the ",[19,109515,109510],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[19,109518,108681],{},[15,109520,275],{},[48,109522,109524],{"className":50,"code":109523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[19,109525,109526,109546,109566,109570,109588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109527,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109529,108877],{"class":285},[57,109531,289],{"class":76},[57,109533,8629],{"class":67},[57,109535,1078],{"class":80},[57,109537,1081],{"class":67},[57,109539,1084],{"class":80},[57,109541,1081],{"class":67},[57,109543,530],{"class":80},[57,109545,7446],{"class":67},[57,109547,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,109549,108898],{"class":285},[57,109551,289],{"class":76},[57,109553,8629],{"class":67},[57,109555,122],{"class":80},[57,109557,1081],{"class":67},[57,109559,536],{"class":80},[57,109561,1081],{"class":67},[57,109563,2724],{"class":80},[57,109565,7446],{"class":67},[57,109567,109568],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,109569,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,109571,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,109573,64],{"class":63},[57,109575,68],{"class":67},[57,109577,98761],{"class":238},[57,109579,498],{"class":67},[57,109581,108771],{"class":238},[57,109583,68],{"class":67},[57,109585,98770],{"class":238},[57,109587,84],{"class":67},[57,109589,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109601],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,109591,64],{"class":63},[57,109593,68],{"class":67},[57,109595,108877],{"class":238},[57,109597,109510],{"class":76},[57,109599,109600],{"class":238}," set2",[57,109602,242],{"class":67},[15,109604,28185],{},[48,109606,109608],{"className":50,"code":109607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[19,109609,109610,109630],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109611,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109613,7415],{"class":67},[57,109615,1078],{"class":80},[57,109617,1081],{"class":67},[57,109619,1084],{"class":80},[57,109621,1081],{"class":67},[57,109623,536],{"class":80},[57,109625,1081],{"class":67},[57,109627,2724],{"class":80},[57,109629,7446],{"class":67},[57,109631,109632,109634,109636,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,109633,7415],{"class":67},[57,109635,1078],{"class":80},[57,109637,1081],{"class":67},[57,109639,1084],{"class":80},[57,109641,1081],{"class":67},[57,109643,536],{"class":80},[57,109645,1081],{"class":67},[57,109647,2724],{"class":80},[57,109649,7446],{"class":67},[15,109651,109652],{},"Both forms:",[27,109654,109655,109658],{},[30,109656,109657],{},"return a new set",[30,109659,109660],{},"do not change the original sets",[15,109662,109663],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[43,109665,2637],{"id":2636},[15,109667,19363,109668,972],{},[19,109669,108681],{},[27,109671,109672,109680,109690,109705],{},[30,109673,109674,109677,109679],{},[1854,109675,109676],{},"Expecting sorted output",[7984,109678],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[30,109681,109682,109685,109687,109689],{},[1854,109683,109684],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[7984,109686],{},[19,109688,108681],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[30,109691,109692,109697,109699,109701,109702,109704],{},[1854,109693,109694,109695],{},"Confusing it with ",[19,109696,98590],{},[7984,109698],{},[19,109700,98590],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[19,109703,108681],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[30,109706,109707,109710,109712],{},[1854,109708,109709],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[7984,109711],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[15,109714,57033],{},[27,109716,109717,109726,109729,109732],{},[30,109718,48660,109719,42796,109721,109725],{},[19,109720,108681],{},[373,109722,109723],{"href":105906},[19,109724,100975],{}," is actually needed",[30,109727,109728],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[30,109730,109731],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[30,109733,109734],{},"being confused by output order",[15,109736,109737,109738,498],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[373,109739,97254],{"href":103519},[15,109741,60467],{},[48,109743,109745],{"className":50,"code":109744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[19,109746,109747,109757,109767,109785,109799,109813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109748,109749,109751,109753,109755],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109750,64],{"class":63},[57,109752,68],{"class":67},[57,109754,98761],{"class":238},[57,109756,242],{"class":67},[57,109758,109759,109761,109763,109765],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,109760,64],{"class":63},[57,109762,68],{"class":67},[57,109764,98770],{"class":238},[57,109766,242],{"class":67},[57,109768,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,109770,64],{"class":63},[57,109772,68],{"class":67},[57,109774,98761],{"class":238},[57,109776,498],{"class":67},[57,109778,108771],{"class":238},[57,109780,68],{"class":67},[57,109782,98770],{"class":238},[57,109784,84],{"class":67},[57,109786,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,109788,64],{"class":63},[57,109790,68],{"class":67},[57,109792,108877],{"class":238},[57,109794,109510],{"class":76},[57,109796,109600],{"class":238},[57,109798,242],{"class":67},[57,109800,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,109802,64],{"class":63},[57,109804,68],{"class":67},[57,109806,1315],{"class":990},[57,109808,68],{"class":67},[57,109810,98761],{"class":238},[57,109812,84],{"class":67},[57,109814,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,109816,64],{"class":63},[57,109818,68],{"class":67},[57,109820,1315],{"class":990},[57,109822,68],{"class":67},[57,109824,98770],{"class":238},[57,109826,84],{"class":67},[43,109828,1554],{"id":1553},[616,109830,10848,109832,100915],{"id":109831},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[19,109833,108681],{},[15,109835,100918],{},[616,109837,3302,109839,2511,109841,572],{"id":109838},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[19,109840,108681],{},[19,109842,98590],{},[15,109844,109845,109847,109848,109850],{},[19,109846,98590],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[19,109849,108681],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[616,109852,26483,109854,109856],{"id":109853},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[19,109855,108681],{}," with lists?",[15,109858,109859],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[15,109861,275],{},[48,109863,109865],{"className":50,"code":109864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[19,109866,109867,109887,109907,109911,109938],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109868,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109870,78831],{"class":285},[57,109872,289],{"class":76},[57,109874,1729],{"class":67},[57,109876,1078],{"class":80},[57,109878,1081],{"class":67},[57,109880,1084],{"class":80},[57,109882,1081],{"class":67},[57,109884,530],{"class":80},[57,109886,1742],{"class":67},[57,109888,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,109890,78852],{"class":285},[57,109892,289],{"class":76},[57,109894,1729],{"class":67},[57,109896,122],{"class":80},[57,109898,1081],{"class":67},[57,109900,536],{"class":80},[57,109902,1081],{"class":67},[57,109904,2724],{"class":80},[57,109906,1742],{"class":67},[57,109908,109909],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,109910,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,109912,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,109914,300],{"class":285},[57,109916,289],{"class":76},[57,109918,13781],{"class":990},[57,109920,68],{"class":67},[57,109922,109923],{"class":238},"list1",[57,109925,6766],{"class":67},[57,109927,108771],{"class":238},[57,109929,68],{"class":67},[57,109931,4413],{"class":990},[57,109933,68],{"class":67},[57,109935,79118],{"class":238},[57,109937,84],{"class":67},[57,109939,109940,109942,109944,109946],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,109941,64],{"class":63},[57,109943,68],{"class":67},[57,109945,339],{"class":238},[57,109947,242],{"class":67},[15,109949,131],{},[48,109951,109952],{"className":50,"code":108952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,109953,109954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109955,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109957,7415],{"class":67},[57,109959,1078],{"class":80},[57,109961,1081],{"class":67},[57,109963,1084],{"class":80},[57,109965,1081],{"class":67},[57,109967,536],{"class":80},[57,109969,1081],{"class":67},[57,109971,2724],{"class":80},[57,109973,7446],{"class":67},[616,109975,109977],{"id":109976},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[15,109979,109980],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[43,109982,1602],{"id":1601},[27,109984,109985,109989,109994,110000,110006],{},[30,109986,109987],{},[373,109988,94504],{"href":94503},[30,109990,109991],{},[373,109992,109993],{"href":94507},"Creating a set in Python",[30,109995,109996],{},[373,109997,94990,109998,8880],{"href":101016},[19,109999,98590],{},[30,110001,110002],{},[373,110003,94990,110004,8880],{"href":105906},[19,110005,100975],{},[30,110007,110008],{},[373,110009,98520],{"href":103519},[15,110011,110012,110013,256,110015,15221,110017,110019],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[19,110014,98590],{},[19,110016,100975],{},[19,110018,108681],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1634,110021,55412],{},{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":110023},[110024,110025,110027,110028,110029,110030,110032,110034,110036,110037,110046],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":108796,"depth":87,"text":110026},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":108977,"depth":87,"text":108978},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":109225,"depth":87,"text":110031},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":109367,"depth":87,"text":110033},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":109507,"depth":87,"text":110035},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":110038},[110039,110041,110043,110045],{"id":109831,"depth":103,"text":110040},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":109838,"depth":103,"text":110042},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":109853,"depth":103,"text":110044},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":109976,"depth":103,"text":109977},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":108673,"description":110047},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":110054,"title":110055,"body":110056,"description":112119,"extension":1666,"meta":112120,"navigation":317,"path":105906,"seo":112121,"stem":112122,"__hash__":112123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":8,"value":110057,"toc":112078},[110058,110063,110068,110071,110084,110086,110168,110173,110178,110182,110194,110197,110201,110203,110230,110232,110243,110246,110315,110317,110323,110326,110336,110338,110427,110432,110434,110441,110444,110446,110449,110569,110571,110640,110643,110660,110665,110668,110784,110786,110815,110818,110824,110829,110833,110914,110916,110944,110949,110953,111048,111050,111091,111095,111098,111165,111167,111208,111214,111229,111236,111243,111247,111253,111339,111343,111351,111422,111427,111434,111436,111442,111444,111509,111511,111527,111532,111535,111604,111608,111611,111670,111673,111677,111730,111743,111746,111799,111803,111805,111836,111839,111844,111897,111901,111904,111925,111937,111939,111992,111994,111999,112001,112007,112010,112016,112021,112025,112028,112036,112045,112047,112075],[11,110059,1680,110061,9463],{"id":110060},"python-setunion-method",[19,110062,106219],{},[15,110064,110065,110067],{},[19,110066,106219],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[15,110069,110070],{},"It is useful when you want:",[27,110072,110073,110076,110081],{},[30,110074,110075],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[30,110077,636,110078,110080],{},[1854,110079,98945],{}," as the result",[30,110082,110083],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[43,110085,46],{"id":45},[48,110087,110089],{"className":50,"code":110088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[19,110090,110091,110111,110131,110135,110153,110163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110092,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110094,108877],{"class":285},[57,110096,289],{"class":76},[57,110098,8629],{"class":67},[57,110100,1078],{"class":80},[57,110102,1081],{"class":67},[57,110104,1084],{"class":80},[57,110106,1081],{"class":67},[57,110108,530],{"class":80},[57,110110,7446],{"class":67},[57,110112,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110114,108898],{"class":285},[57,110116,289],{"class":76},[57,110118,8629],{"class":67},[57,110120,122],{"class":80},[57,110122,1081],{"class":67},[57,110124,536],{"class":80},[57,110126,1081],{"class":67},[57,110128,2724],{"class":80},[57,110130,7446],{"class":67},[57,110132,110133],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,110134,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110136,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,110138,300],{"class":285},[57,110140,289],{"class":76},[57,110142,108927],{"class":285},[57,110144,498],{"class":67},[57,110146,109445],{"class":238},[57,110148,68],{"class":67},[57,110150,98770],{"class":238},[57,110152,242],{"class":67},[57,110154,110155,110157,110159,110161],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,110156,64],{"class":63},[57,110158,68],{"class":67},[57,110160,339],{"class":238},[57,110162,242],{"class":67},[57,110164,110165],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,110166,110167],{"class":1772},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,110169,110170,110172],{},[19,110171,100975],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[43,110174,1787,110176,1790],{"id":110175},"what-setunion-does",[19,110177,106219],{},[15,110179,110180,972],{},[19,110181,106219],{},[27,110183,110184,110187,110190,110192],{},[30,110185,110186],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[30,110188,110189],{},"keeps only unique values",[30,110191,108807],{},[30,110193,108816],{},[15,110195,110196],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[15,110198,94500,110199,498],{},[373,110200,94504],{"href":95675},[43,110202,221],{"id":220},[48,110204,110206],{"className":50,"code":110205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[19,110207,110208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110209,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110211,98761],{"class":285},[57,110213,498],{"class":67},[57,110215,109445],{"class":238},[57,110217,68],{"class":67},[57,110219,98770],{"class":238},[57,110221,1081],{"class":67},[57,110223,98797],{"class":238},[57,110225,1081],{"class":67},[57,110227,32612],{"class":63},[57,110229,242],{"class":67},[15,110231,11197],{},[27,110233,110234,110237,110240],{},[30,110235,110236],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[30,110238,110239],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[30,110241,110242],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[15,110244,110245],{},"Example with two sets:",[48,110247,110249],{"className":50,"code":110248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[19,110250,110251,110267,110283,110287,110305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110252,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110254,636],{"class":285},[57,110256,289],{"class":76},[57,110258,8629],{"class":67},[57,110260,1078],{"class":80},[57,110262,1081],{"class":67},[57,110264,1084],{"class":80},[57,110266,7446],{"class":67},[57,110268,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110270,664],{"class":285},[57,110272,289],{"class":76},[57,110274,8629],{"class":67},[57,110276,116],{"class":80},[57,110278,1081],{"class":67},[57,110280,530],{"class":80},[57,110282,7446],{"class":67},[57,110284,110285],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,110286,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110288,110289,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,110290,300],{"class":285},[57,110292,289],{"class":76},[57,110294,55058],{"class":285},[57,110296,498],{"class":67},[57,110298,109445],{"class":238},[57,110300,68],{"class":67},[57,110302,2881],{"class":238},[57,110304,242],{"class":67},[57,110306,110307,110309,110311,110313],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,110308,64],{"class":63},[57,110310,68],{"class":67},[57,110312,339],{"class":238},[57,110314,242],{"class":67},[43,110316,20122],{"id":20121},[15,110318,110319,98942,110321,498],{},[19,110320,106219],{},[1854,110322,98945],{},[15,110324,110325],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[27,110327,110328,110331],{},[30,110329,110330],{},"the original set",[30,110332,110333,110334],{},"all arguments passed to ",[19,110335,100975],{},[15,110337,275],{},[48,110339,110341],{"className":50,"code":110340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[19,110342,110343,110359,110375,110379,110397,110401,110414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110344,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110346,636],{"class":285},[57,110348,289],{"class":76},[57,110350,8629],{"class":67},[57,110352,1078],{"class":80},[57,110354,1081],{"class":67},[57,110356,1084],{"class":80},[57,110358,7446],{"class":67},[57,110360,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110362,664],{"class":285},[57,110364,289],{"class":76},[57,110366,8629],{"class":67},[57,110368,116],{"class":80},[57,110370,1081],{"class":67},[57,110372,530],{"class":80},[57,110374,7446],{"class":67},[57,110376,110377],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,110378,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110380,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,110382,300],{"class":285},[57,110384,289],{"class":76},[57,110386,55058],{"class":285},[57,110388,498],{"class":67},[57,110390,109445],{"class":238},[57,110392,68],{"class":67},[57,110394,2881],{"class":238},[57,110396,242],{"class":67},[57,110398,110399],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,110400,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110402,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,110404,64],{"class":63},[57,110406,68],{"class":67},[57,110408,339],{"class":238},[57,110410,1769],{"class":67},[57,110412,110413],{"class":1772},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[57,110415,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,110417,64],{"class":63},[57,110419,68],{"class":67},[57,110421,373],{"class":238},[57,110423,1769],{"class":67},[57,110425,110426],{"class":1772},"       # {1, 2}\n",[15,110428,361,110429,110431],{},[19,110430,373],{}," did not change.",[15,110433,109049],{},[27,110435,110436,110438],{},[30,110437,109054],{},[30,110439,110440],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[15,110442,110443],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[43,110445,9617],{"id":9616},[15,110447,110448],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[48,110450,110452],{"className":50,"code":110451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[19,110453,110454,110487,110520,110524,110544,110548,110558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110455,110456,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110457,110458],{"class":285},"fruits1 ",[57,110460,289],{"class":76},[57,110462,8629],{"class":67},[57,110464,939],{"class":938},[57,110466,2195],{"class":942},[57,110468,939],{"class":938},[57,110470,1081],{"class":67},[57,110472,1449],{"class":938},[57,110474,2204],{"class":942},[57,110476,939],{"class":938},[57,110478,1081],{"class":67},[57,110480,1449],{"class":938},[57,110482,31378],{"class":942},[57,110484,939],{"class":938},[57,110486,7446],{"class":67},[57,110488,110489,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110490,110491],{"class":285},"fruits2 ",[57,110493,289],{"class":76},[57,110495,8629],{"class":67},[57,110497,939],{"class":938},[57,110499,2204],{"class":942},[57,110501,939],{"class":938},[57,110503,1081],{"class":67},[57,110505,1449],{"class":938},[57,110507,20685],{"class":942},[57,110509,939],{"class":938},[57,110511,1081],{"class":67},[57,110513,1449],{"class":938},[57,110515,31378],{"class":942},[57,110517,939],{"class":938},[57,110519,7446],{"class":67},[57,110521,110522],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,110523,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110525,110526,110528,110530,110533,110535,110537,110539,110542],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,110527,300],{"class":285},[57,110529,289],{"class":76},[57,110531,110532],{"class":285}," fruits1",[57,110534,498],{"class":67},[57,110536,109445],{"class":238},[57,110538,68],{"class":67},[57,110540,110541],{"class":238},"fruits2",[57,110543,242],{"class":67},[57,110545,110546],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,110547,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110549,110550,110552,110554,110556],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,110551,64],{"class":63},[57,110553,68],{"class":67},[57,110555,339],{"class":238},[57,110557,242],{"class":67},[57,110559,110560,110562,110564,110567],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,110561,64],{"class":63},[57,110563,68],{"class":67},[57,110565,110566],{"class":238},"fruits1",[57,110568,242],{"class":67},[15,110570,28185],{},[48,110572,110574],{"className":50,"code":110573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[19,110575,110576,110612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110577,110578,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608,110610],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110579,7415],{"class":67},[57,110581,1395],{"class":938},[57,110583,2204],{"class":942},[57,110585,1395],{"class":938},[57,110587,1081],{"class":67},[57,110589,1390],{"class":938},[57,110591,31378],{"class":942},[57,110593,1395],{"class":938},[57,110595,1081],{"class":67},[57,110597,1390],{"class":938},[57,110599,2195],{"class":942},[57,110601,1395],{"class":938},[57,110603,1081],{"class":67},[57,110605,1390],{"class":938},[57,110607,20685],{"class":942},[57,110609,1395],{"class":938},[57,110611,7446],{"class":67},[57,110613,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110615,7415],{"class":67},[57,110617,1395],{"class":938},[57,110619,2204],{"class":942},[57,110621,1395],{"class":938},[57,110623,1081],{"class":67},[57,110625,1390],{"class":938},[57,110627,31378],{"class":942},[57,110629,1395],{"class":938},[57,110631,1081],{"class":67},[57,110633,1390],{"class":938},[57,110635,2195],{"class":942},[57,110637,1395],{"class":938},[57,110639,7446],{"class":67},[15,110641,110642],{},"What this shows:",[27,110644,110645,110652,110655],{},[30,110646,110647,2511,110649,110651],{},[19,110648,63447],{},[19,110650,63874],{}," appear in both sets",[30,110653,110654],{},"they appear only once in the result",[30,110656,110657,110659],{},[19,110658,110566],{}," stays unchanged",[43,110661,6551,110663,99334],{"id":110662},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[19,110664,100975],{},[15,110666,110667],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[48,110669,110671],{"className":50,"code":110670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,110672,110673,110689,110705,110722,110739,110743,110770,110774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110674,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110676,108877],{"class":285},[57,110678,289],{"class":76},[57,110680,8629],{"class":67},[57,110682,1078],{"class":80},[57,110684,1081],{"class":67},[57,110686,1084],{"class":80},[57,110688,7446],{"class":67},[57,110690,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110692,108898],{"class":285},[57,110694,289],{"class":76},[57,110696,8629],{"class":67},[57,110698,116],{"class":80},[57,110700,1081],{"class":67},[57,110702,530],{"class":80},[57,110704,7446],{"class":67},[57,110706,110707,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,110708,110709],{"class":285},"set3 ",[57,110711,289],{"class":76},[57,110713,8629],{"class":67},[57,110715,122],{"class":80},[57,110717,1081],{"class":67},[57,110719,536],{"class":80},[57,110721,7446],{"class":67},[57,110723,110724,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,110725,110726],{"class":285},"set4 ",[57,110728,289],{"class":76},[57,110730,8629],{"class":67},[57,110732,585],{"class":80},[57,110734,1081],{"class":67},[57,110736,2724],{"class":80},[57,110738,7446],{"class":67},[57,110740,110741],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,110742,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110744,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110768],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,110746,300],{"class":285},[57,110748,289],{"class":76},[57,110750,108927],{"class":285},[57,110752,498],{"class":67},[57,110754,109445],{"class":238},[57,110756,68],{"class":67},[57,110758,98770],{"class":238},[57,110760,1081],{"class":67},[57,110762,98797],{"class":238},[57,110764,1081],{"class":67},[57,110766,110767],{"class":238}," set4",[57,110769,242],{"class":67},[57,110771,110772],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,110773,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110775,110776,110778,110780,110782],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,110777,64],{"class":63},[57,110779,68],{"class":67},[57,110781,339],{"class":238},[57,110783,242],{"class":67},[15,110785,28185],{},[48,110787,110789],{"className":50,"code":110788,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[19,110790,110791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110792,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807,110809,110811,110813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110794,7415],{"class":67},[57,110796,1078],{"class":80},[57,110798,1081],{"class":67},[57,110800,1084],{"class":80},[57,110802,1081],{"class":67},[57,110804,530],{"class":80},[57,110806,1081],{"class":67},[57,110808,536],{"class":80},[57,110810,1081],{"class":67},[57,110812,2724],{"class":80},[57,110814,7446],{"class":67},[15,110816,110817],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[43,110819,6551,110821,110823],{"id":110820},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[19,110822,100975],{}," with other iterables",[15,110825,110826,110828],{},[19,110827,100975],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[616,110830,110832],{"id":110831},"with-a-list","With a list",[48,110834,110836],{"className":50,"code":110835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[19,110837,110838,110858,110882,110886,110904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110839,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110841,1724],{"class":285},[57,110843,289],{"class":76},[57,110845,8629],{"class":67},[57,110847,1078],{"class":80},[57,110849,1081],{"class":67},[57,110851,1084],{"class":80},[57,110853,1081],{"class":67},[57,110855,530],{"class":80},[57,110857,7446],{"class":67},[57,110859,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110861,59219],{"class":285},[57,110863,289],{"class":76},[57,110865,1729],{"class":67},[57,110867,122],{"class":80},[57,110869,1081],{"class":67},[57,110871,536],{"class":80},[57,110873,1081],{"class":67},[57,110875,2724],{"class":80},[57,110877,1081],{"class":67},[57,110879,2724],{"class":80},[57,110881,1742],{"class":67},[57,110883,110884],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,110885,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,110887,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900,110902],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,110889,300],{"class":285},[57,110891,289],{"class":76},[57,110893,2380],{"class":285},[57,110895,498],{"class":67},[57,110897,109445],{"class":238},[57,110899,68],{"class":67},[57,110901,59248],{"class":238},[57,110903,242],{"class":67},[57,110905,110906,110908,110910,110912],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,110907,64],{"class":63},[57,110909,68],{"class":67},[57,110911,339],{"class":238},[57,110913,242],{"class":67},[15,110915,28185],{},[48,110917,110918],{"className":50,"code":110788,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,110919,110920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110921,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940,110942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110923,7415],{"class":67},[57,110925,1078],{"class":80},[57,110927,1081],{"class":67},[57,110929,1084],{"class":80},[57,110931,1081],{"class":67},[57,110933,530],{"class":80},[57,110935,1081],{"class":67},[57,110937,536],{"class":80},[57,110939,1081],{"class":67},[57,110941,2724],{"class":80},[57,110943,7446],{"class":67},[15,110945,19129,110946,110948],{},[19,110947,199],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[616,110950,110952],{"id":110951},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[48,110954,110956],{"className":50,"code":110955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[19,110957,110958,110982,111015,111019,111038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110959,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110961,34251],{"class":285},[57,110963,289],{"class":76},[57,110965,8629],{"class":67},[57,110967,939],{"class":938},[57,110969,373],{"class":942},[57,110971,939],{"class":938},[57,110973,1081],{"class":67},[57,110975,1449],{"class":938},[57,110977,2881],{"class":942},[57,110979,939],{"class":938},[57,110981,7446],{"class":67},[57,110983,110984,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,110985,110986],{"class":285},"more_letters ",[57,110988,289],{"class":76},[57,110990,7373],{"class":67},[57,110992,939],{"class":938},[57,110994,2881],{"class":942},[57,110996,939],{"class":938},[57,110998,1081],{"class":67},[57,111000,1449],{"class":938},[57,111002,7877],{"class":942},[57,111004,939],{"class":938},[57,111006,1081],{"class":67},[57,111008,1449],{"class":938},[57,111010,16918],{"class":942},[57,111012,939],{"class":938},[57,111014,242],{"class":67},[57,111016,111017],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111018,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111020,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111036],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111022,300],{"class":285},[57,111024,289],{"class":76},[57,111026,68269],{"class":285},[57,111028,498],{"class":67},[57,111030,109445],{"class":238},[57,111032,68],{"class":67},[57,111034,111035],{"class":238},"more_letters",[57,111037,242],{"class":67},[57,111039,111040,111042,111044,111046],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,111041,64],{"class":63},[57,111043,68],{"class":67},[57,111045,339],{"class":238},[57,111047,242],{"class":67},[15,111049,28185],{},[48,111051,111053],{"className":50,"code":111052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[19,111054,111055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111056,111057,111059,111061,111063,111065,111067,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111058,7415],{"class":67},[57,111060,1395],{"class":938},[57,111062,373],{"class":942},[57,111064,1395],{"class":938},[57,111066,1081],{"class":67},[57,111068,1390],{"class":938},[57,111070,2881],{"class":942},[57,111072,1395],{"class":938},[57,111074,1081],{"class":67},[57,111076,1390],{"class":938},[57,111078,7877],{"class":942},[57,111080,1395],{"class":938},[57,111082,1081],{"class":67},[57,111084,1390],{"class":938},[57,111086,16918],{"class":942},[57,111088,1395],{"class":938},[57,111090,7446],{"class":67},[616,111092,111094],{"id":111093},"with-a-string","With a string",[15,111096,111097],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[48,111099,111101],{"className":50,"code":111100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,111102,111103,111128,111151,111155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111104,111105,111108,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111106,111107],{"class":285},"chars ",[57,111109,289],{"class":76},[57,111111,8629],{"class":67},[57,111113,939],{"class":938},[57,111115,373],{"class":942},[57,111117,939],{"class":938},[57,111119,1081],{"class":67},[57,111121,1449],{"class":938},[57,111123,2881],{"class":942},[57,111125,939],{"class":938},[57,111127,7446],{"class":67},[57,111129,111130,111132,111134,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111131,300],{"class":285},[57,111133,289],{"class":76},[57,111135,111136],{"class":285}," chars",[57,111138,498],{"class":67},[57,111140,109445],{"class":238},[57,111142,68],{"class":67},[57,111144,939],{"class":938},[57,111146,35209],{"class":942},[57,111148,939],{"class":938},[57,111150,242],{"class":67},[57,111152,111153],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111154,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111156,111157,111159,111161,111163],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111158,64],{"class":63},[57,111160,68],{"class":67},[57,111162,339],{"class":238},[57,111164,242],{"class":67},[15,111166,28185],{},[48,111168,111170],{"className":50,"code":111169,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[19,111171,111172],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111173,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111175,7415],{"class":67},[57,111177,1395],{"class":938},[57,111179,373],{"class":942},[57,111181,1395],{"class":938},[57,111183,1081],{"class":67},[57,111185,1390],{"class":938},[57,111187,2881],{"class":942},[57,111189,1395],{"class":938},[57,111191,1081],{"class":67},[57,111193,1390],{"class":938},[57,111195,7877],{"class":942},[57,111197,1395],{"class":938},[57,111199,1081],{"class":67},[57,111201,1390],{"class":938},[57,111203,61459],{"class":942},[57,111205,1395],{"class":938},[57,111207,7446],{"class":67},[15,111209,20341,111210,111213],{},[19,111211,111212],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[27,111215,111216,111220,111224],{},[30,111217,111218],{},[19,111219,64654],{},[30,111221,111222],{},[19,111223,16246],{},[30,111225,111226],{},[19,111227,111228],{},"\"t\"",[43,111230,111232,8724,111234],{"id":111231},"union-vs-update",[19,111233,100975],{},[19,111235,13101],{},[15,111237,111238,2511,111240,111242],{},[19,111239,100975],{},[19,111241,13101],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[616,111244,111245],{"id":109445},[19,111246,100975],{},[27,111248,111249,111251],{},[30,111250,108807],{},[30,111252,108816],{},[48,111254,111255],{"className":50,"code":110340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,111256,111257,111273,111289,111293,111311,111315,111327],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111258,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267,111269,111271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111260,636],{"class":285},[57,111262,289],{"class":76},[57,111264,8629],{"class":67},[57,111266,1078],{"class":80},[57,111268,1081],{"class":67},[57,111270,1084],{"class":80},[57,111272,7446],{"class":67},[57,111274,111275,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111276,664],{"class":285},[57,111278,289],{"class":76},[57,111280,8629],{"class":67},[57,111282,116],{"class":80},[57,111284,1081],{"class":67},[57,111286,530],{"class":80},[57,111288,7446],{"class":67},[57,111290,111291],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111292,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111294,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111296,300],{"class":285},[57,111298,289],{"class":76},[57,111300,55058],{"class":285},[57,111302,498],{"class":67},[57,111304,109445],{"class":238},[57,111306,68],{"class":67},[57,111308,2881],{"class":238},[57,111310,242],{"class":67},[57,111312,111313],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,111314,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111316,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,111318,64],{"class":63},[57,111320,68],{"class":67},[57,111322,339],{"class":238},[57,111324,1769],{"class":67},[57,111326,110413],{"class":1772},[57,111328,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,111330,64],{"class":63},[57,111332,68],{"class":67},[57,111334,373],{"class":238},[57,111336,1769],{"class":67},[57,111338,110426],{"class":1772},[616,111340,111341],{"id":28620},[19,111342,13101],{},[27,111344,111345,111348],{},[30,111346,111347],{},"changes the existing set in place",[30,111349,111350],{},"does not create a separate result set",[48,111352,111354],{"className":50,"code":111353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[19,111355,111356,111372,111388,111392,111406,111410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111357,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111359,636],{"class":285},[57,111361,289],{"class":76},[57,111363,8629],{"class":67},[57,111365,1078],{"class":80},[57,111367,1081],{"class":67},[57,111369,1084],{"class":80},[57,111371,7446],{"class":67},[57,111373,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111375,664],{"class":285},[57,111377,289],{"class":76},[57,111379,8629],{"class":67},[57,111381,116],{"class":80},[57,111383,1081],{"class":67},[57,111385,530],{"class":80},[57,111387,7446],{"class":67},[57,111389,111390],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111391,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111393,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111395,373],{"class":285},[57,111397,498],{"class":67},[57,111399,28620],{"class":238},[57,111401,68],{"class":67},[57,111403,2881],{"class":238},[57,111405,242],{"class":67},[57,111407,111408],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,111409,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111411,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,111413,64],{"class":63},[57,111415,68],{"class":67},[57,111417,373],{"class":238},[57,111419,1769],{"class":67},[57,111421,110413],{"class":1772},[15,111423,154,111424,111426],{},[19,111425,100975],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[15,111428,111429,111430,498],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[373,111431,1680,111432,8880],{"href":96695},[19,111433,95490],{},[43,111435,2637],{"id":2636},[616,111437,6587,111439,111441],{"id":111438},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[19,111440,100975],{}," to change the original set",[15,111443,80000],{},[48,111445,111447],{"className":50,"code":111446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[19,111448,111449,111465,111481,111485,111499],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111450,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459,111461,111463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111452,636],{"class":285},[57,111454,289],{"class":76},[57,111456,8629],{"class":67},[57,111458,1078],{"class":80},[57,111460,1081],{"class":67},[57,111462,1084],{"class":80},[57,111464,7446],{"class":67},[57,111466,111467,111469,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111468,664],{"class":285},[57,111470,289],{"class":76},[57,111472,8629],{"class":67},[57,111474,116],{"class":80},[57,111476,1081],{"class":67},[57,111478,530],{"class":80},[57,111480,7446],{"class":67},[57,111482,111483],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111484,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111486,111487,111489,111491,111493,111495,111497],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111488,373],{"class":285},[57,111490,498],{"class":67},[57,111492,109445],{"class":238},[57,111494,68],{"class":67},[57,111496,2881],{"class":238},[57,111498,242],{"class":67},[57,111500,111501,111503,111505,111507],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,111502,64],{"class":63},[57,111504,68],{"class":67},[57,111506,373],{"class":238},[57,111508,242],{"class":67},[15,111510,131],{},[48,111512,111513],{"className":50,"code":98683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,111514,111515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111516,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111518,7415],{"class":67},[57,111520,1078],{"class":80},[57,111522,1081],{"class":67},[57,111524,1084],{"class":80},[57,111526,7446],{"class":67},[15,111528,6630,111529,111531],{},[19,111530,100975],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[15,111533,111534],{},"Fix it like this:",[48,111536,111538],{"className":50,"code":111537,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[19,111539,111540,111556,111572,111576,111594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111541,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111543,636],{"class":285},[57,111545,289],{"class":76},[57,111547,8629],{"class":67},[57,111549,1078],{"class":80},[57,111551,1081],{"class":67},[57,111553,1084],{"class":80},[57,111555,7446],{"class":67},[57,111557,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111559,664],{"class":285},[57,111561,289],{"class":76},[57,111563,8629],{"class":67},[57,111565,116],{"class":80},[57,111567,1081],{"class":67},[57,111569,530],{"class":80},[57,111571,7446],{"class":67},[57,111573,111574],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111575,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111577,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111579,636],{"class":285},[57,111581,289],{"class":76},[57,111583,55058],{"class":285},[57,111585,498],{"class":67},[57,111587,109445],{"class":238},[57,111589,68],{"class":67},[57,111591,2881],{"class":238},[57,111593,242],{"class":67},[57,111595,111596,111598,111600,111602],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,111597,64],{"class":63},[57,111599,68],{"class":67},[57,111601,373],{"class":238},[57,111603,242],{"class":67},[616,111605,111607],{"id":111606},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[15,111609,111610],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[48,111612,111614],{"className":50,"code":111613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[19,111615,111616,111632,111648,111652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111617,111618,111620,111622,111624,111626,111628,111630],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111619,636],{"class":285},[57,111621,289],{"class":76},[57,111623,8629],{"class":67},[57,111625,122],{"class":80},[57,111627,1081],{"class":67},[57,111629,3622],{"class":80},[57,111631,7446],{"class":67},[57,111633,111634,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111635,664],{"class":285},[57,111637,289],{"class":76},[57,111639,8629],{"class":67},[57,111641,116],{"class":80},[57,111643,1081],{"class":67},[57,111645,536],{"class":80},[57,111647,7446],{"class":67},[57,111649,111650],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111651,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,111653,111654,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111655,64],{"class":63},[57,111657,68],{"class":67},[57,111659,373],{"class":238},[57,111661,498],{"class":67},[57,111663,109445],{"class":238},[57,111665,68],{"class":67},[57,111667,2881],{"class":238},[57,111669,84],{"class":67},[15,111671,111672],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[616,111674,111676],{"id":111675},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[48,111678,111680],{"className":50,"code":111679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[19,111681,111682,111698,111720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111683,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111685,2186],{"class":285},[57,111687,289],{"class":76},[57,111689,8629],{"class":67},[57,111691,939],{"class":938},[57,111693,56298],{"class":942},[57,111695,939],{"class":938},[57,111697,7446],{"class":67},[57,111699,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111701,300],{"class":285},[57,111703,289],{"class":76},[57,111705,4294],{"class":285},[57,111707,498],{"class":67},[57,111709,109445],{"class":238},[57,111711,68],{"class":67},[57,111713,939],{"class":938},[57,111715,35209],{"class":942},[57,111717,939],{"class":938},[57,111719,242],{"class":67},[57,111721,111722,111724,111726,111728],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111723,64],{"class":63},[57,111725,68],{"class":67},[57,111727,339],{"class":238},[57,111729,242],{"class":67},[15,111731,111732,111733,256,111735,15221,111737,111739,111740,111742],{},"This adds ",[19,111734,64654],{},[19,111736,16246],{},[19,111738,111228],{}," as separate items, not ",[19,111741,111212],{}," as one item.",[15,111744,111745],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[48,111747,111749],{"className":50,"code":111748,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[19,111750,111751,111767,111789],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111752,111753,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111754,2186],{"class":285},[57,111756,289],{"class":76},[57,111758,8629],{"class":67},[57,111760,939],{"class":938},[57,111762,56298],{"class":942},[57,111764,939],{"class":938},[57,111766,7446],{"class":67},[57,111768,111769,111771,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111770,300],{"class":285},[57,111772,289],{"class":76},[57,111774,4294],{"class":285},[57,111776,498],{"class":67},[57,111778,109445],{"class":238},[57,111780,1075],{"class":67},[57,111782,939],{"class":938},[57,111784,35209],{"class":942},[57,111786,939],{"class":938},[57,111788,2003],{"class":67},[57,111790,111791,111793,111795,111797],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111792,64],{"class":63},[57,111794,68],{"class":67},[57,111796,339],{"class":238},[57,111798,242],{"class":67},[616,111800,111802],{"id":111801},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[15,111804,920],{},[48,111806,111808],{"className":50,"code":111807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[19,111809,111810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111811,111812,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111813,13776],{"class":285},[57,111815,289],{"class":76},[57,111817,8629],{"class":67},[57,111819,1078],{"class":80},[57,111821,1081],{"class":67},[57,111823,1084],{"class":80},[57,111825,1081],{"class":67},[57,111827,1729],{"class":67},[57,111829,122],{"class":80},[57,111831,1081],{"class":67},[57,111833,536],{"class":80},[57,111835,11852],{"class":67},[15,111837,111838],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[15,111840,111841,111842,972],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[19,111843,100975],{},[48,111845,111847],{"className":50,"code":111846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[19,111848,111849,111865,111887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111850,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111852,13776],{"class":285},[57,111854,289],{"class":76},[57,111856,8629],{"class":67},[57,111858,1078],{"class":80},[57,111860,1081],{"class":67},[57,111862,1084],{"class":80},[57,111864,7446],{"class":67},[57,111866,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111868,300],{"class":285},[57,111870,289],{"class":76},[57,111872,95100],{"class":285},[57,111874,498],{"class":67},[57,111876,109445],{"class":238},[57,111878,1075],{"class":67},[57,111880,122],{"class":80},[57,111882,1081],{"class":67},[57,111884,536],{"class":80},[57,111886,2003],{"class":67},[57,111888,111889,111891,111893,111895],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111890,64],{"class":63},[57,111892,68],{"class":67},[57,111894,339],{"class":238},[57,111896,242],{"class":67},[43,111898,111900],{"id":111899},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[15,111902,111903],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[27,111905,111906,111912,111919,111922],{},[30,111907,111908,111909,111911],{},"call ",[19,111910,100975],{}," without saving the returned set",[30,111913,111914,111915,6840,111917],{},"confuse ",[19,111916,100975],{},[19,111918,13101],{},[30,111920,111921],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[30,111923,111924],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[15,111926,111927,111928,2511,111932,498],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[373,111929,1680,111930,8880],{"href":100964},[19,111931,104749],{},[373,111933,1680,111935,8880],{"href":111934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[19,111936,98595],{},[15,111938,60467],{},[48,111940,111942],{"className":50,"code":111941,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[19,111943,111944,111954,111968,111978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111945,111946,111948,111950,111952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111947,64],{"class":63},[57,111949,68],{"class":67},[57,111951,13814],{"class":238},[57,111953,242],{"class":67},[57,111955,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,111957,64],{"class":63},[57,111959,68],{"class":67},[57,111961,1315],{"class":990},[57,111963,68],{"class":67},[57,111965,13814],{"class":238},[57,111967,84],{"class":67},[57,111969,111970,111972,111974,111976],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,111971,64],{"class":63},[57,111973,68],{"class":67},[57,111975,339],{"class":238},[57,111977,242],{"class":67},[57,111979,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,111981,30309],{"class":63},[57,111983,68],{"class":67},[57,111985,4413],{"class":990},[57,111987,498],{"class":67},[57,111989,109445],{"class":22903},[57,111991,242],{"class":67},[43,111993,1554],{"id":1553},[616,111995,10848,111997,100915],{"id":111996},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[19,111998,106219],{},[15,112000,100918],{},[616,112002,3292,112004,112006],{"id":112003},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[19,112005,100975],{}," combine more than two sets?",[15,112008,112009],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[616,112011,26483,112013,112015],{"id":112012},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[19,112014,100975],{}," with a list or tuple?",[15,112017,40317,112018,112020],{},[19,112019,100975],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[616,112022,112024],{"id":112023},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[15,112026,112027],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[616,112029,3302,112031,2511,112033,572],{"id":112030},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[19,112032,100975],{},[19,112034,112035],{},"|",[15,112037,112038,112039,112041,112042,112044],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[19,112040,112035],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[19,112043,100975],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[43,112046,1602],{"id":1601},[27,112048,112049,112053,112059,112065,112071],{},[30,112050,112051],{},[373,112052,94504],{"href":95675},[30,112054,112055],{},[373,112056,1680,112057,8880],{"href":96695},[19,112058,95490],{},[30,112060,112061],{},[373,112062,1680,112063,8880],{"href":100964},[19,112064,104749],{},[30,112066,112067],{},[373,112068,1680,112069,8880],{"href":111934},[19,112070,98595],{},[30,112072,112073],{},[373,112074,98520],{"href":97253},[1634,112076,112077],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":112079},[112080,112081,112083,112084,112085,112086,112088,112094,112099,112106,112107,112118],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":110175,"depth":87,"text":112082},"What set.union() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":20121,"depth":87,"text":20122},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":110662,"depth":87,"text":112087},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":110820,"depth":87,"text":112089,"children":112090},"Using union() with other iterables",[112091,112092,112093],{"id":110831,"depth":103,"text":110832},{"id":110951,"depth":103,"text":110952},{"id":111093,"depth":103,"text":111094},{"id":111231,"depth":87,"text":112095,"children":112096},"union() vs update()",[112097,112098],{"id":109445,"depth":103,"text":100975},{"id":28620,"depth":103,"text":13101},{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":112100},[112101,112103,112104,112105],{"id":111438,"depth":103,"text":112102},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":111606,"depth":103,"text":111607},{"id":111675,"depth":103,"text":111676},{"id":111801,"depth":103,"text":111802},{"id":111899,"depth":87,"text":111900},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":112108},[112109,112111,112113,112115,112116],{"id":111996,"depth":103,"text":112110},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":112003,"depth":103,"text":112112},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":112012,"depth":103,"text":112114},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":112023,"depth":103,"text":112024},{"id":112030,"depth":103,"text":112117},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":110055,"description":112119},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":112125,"title":112126,"body":112127,"description":114016,"extension":1666,"meta":114017,"navigation":317,"path":94989,"seo":114018,"stem":114019,"__hash__":114020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":8,"value":112128,"toc":113982},[112129,112134,112139,112147,112149,112207,112212,112217,112221,112233,112236,112310,112315,112317,112319,112338,112340,112357,112360,112387,112389,112459,112463,112465,112471,112473,112534,112539,112541,112598,112602,112607,112672,112674,112694,112701,112705,112710,112795,112798,112805,112908,112912,112917,112975,112978,112989,113003,113010,113068,113075,113078,113088,113092,113150,113154,113220,113223,113281,113288,113295,113298,113302,113311,113380,113384,113390,113478,113488,113492,113496,113500,113503,113564,113569,113626,113630,113632,113667,113674,113676,113730,113737,113741,113744,113809,113818,113824,113881,113883,113888,113892,113896,113899,113906,113914,113918,113923,113927,113933,113935,113970,113979],[11,112130,94376,112132,9463],{"id":112131},"python-set-update-method",[19,112133,13101],{},[15,112135,112136,112138],{},[19,112137,95490],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[15,112140,112141,112142,112146],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[373,112143,112144],{"href":96676},[19,112145,94384],{},", which adds only one item.",[43,112148,1714],{"id":1713},[48,112150,112152],{"className":50,"code":112151,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[19,112153,112154,112170,112192,112202],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112155,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166,112168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112157,1724],{"class":285},[57,112159,289],{"class":76},[57,112161,8629],{"class":67},[57,112163,1078],{"class":80},[57,112165,1081],{"class":67},[57,112167,1084],{"class":80},[57,112169,7446],{"class":67},[57,112171,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112173,1756],{"class":285},[57,112175,498],{"class":67},[57,112177,28620],{"class":238},[57,112179,1075],{"class":67},[57,112181,116],{"class":80},[57,112183,1081],{"class":67},[57,112185,530],{"class":80},[57,112187,1081],{"class":67},[57,112189,536],{"class":80},[57,112191,2003],{"class":67},[57,112193,112194,112196,112198,112200],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112195,64],{"class":63},[57,112197,68],{"class":67},[57,112199,1756],{"class":238},[57,112201,242],{"class":67},[57,112203,112204],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112205,112206],{"class":1772},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,112208,154,112209,112211],{},[19,112210,13101],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[43,112213,1787,112215,1790],{"id":112214},"what-setupdate-does",[19,112216,95490],{},[15,112218,112219,972],{},[19,112220,95490],{},[27,112222,112223,112226,112228,112231],{},[30,112224,112225],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[30,112227,94491],{},[30,112229,112230],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[30,112232,94494],{},[15,112234,112235],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[48,112237,112239],{"className":50,"code":112238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[19,112240,112241,112265,112291,112295,112305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112242,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112244,11221],{"class":285},[57,112246,289],{"class":76},[57,112248,8629],{"class":67},[57,112250,939],{"class":938},[57,112252,11238],{"class":942},[57,112254,939],{"class":938},[57,112256,1081],{"class":67},[57,112258,1449],{"class":938},[57,112260,11255],{"class":942},[57,112262,939],{"class":938},[57,112264,7446],{"class":67},[57,112266,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112268,15652],{"class":285},[57,112270,498],{"class":67},[57,112272,28620],{"class":238},[57,112274,1075],{"class":67},[57,112276,939],{"class":938},[57,112278,11255],{"class":942},[57,112280,939],{"class":938},[57,112282,1081],{"class":67},[57,112284,1449],{"class":938},[57,112286,15605],{"class":942},[57,112288,939],{"class":938},[57,112290,2003],{"class":67},[57,112292,112293],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112294,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112296,112297,112299,112301,112303],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112298,64],{"class":63},[57,112300,68],{"class":67},[57,112302,15652],{"class":238},[57,112304,242],{"class":67},[57,112306,112307],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112308,112309],{"class":1772},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,112311,19129,112312,112314],{},[19,112313,109210],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[43,112316,221],{"id":220},[15,112318,5347],{},[48,112320,112322],{"className":50,"code":112321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[19,112323,112324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112325,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112327,13814],{"class":285},[57,112329,498],{"class":67},[57,112331,28620],{"class":238},[57,112333,68],{"class":67},[57,112335,1831],{"class":238},[57,112337,242],{"class":67},[15,112339,78376],{},[27,112341,112342,112345,112348,112351,112354],{},[30,112343,112344],{},"A list",[30,112346,112347],{},"A tuple",[30,112349,112350],{},"Another set",[30,112352,112353],{},"A string",[30,112355,112356],{},"Any other iterable",[15,112358,112359],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[48,112361,112363],{"className":50,"code":112362,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[19,112364,112365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112366,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112368,13814],{"class":285},[57,112370,498],{"class":67},[57,112372,28620],{"class":238},[57,112374,68],{"class":67},[57,112376,373],{"class":238},[57,112378,1081],{"class":67},[57,112380,641],{"class":238},[57,112382,1081],{"class":67},[57,112384,7819],{"class":238},[57,112386,242],{"class":67},[15,112388,275],{},[48,112390,112392],{"className":50,"code":112391,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[19,112393,112394,112406,112440,112444,112454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112395,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112397,1935],{"class":285},[57,112399,289],{"class":76},[57,112401,8629],{"class":67},[57,112403,1078],{"class":80},[57,112405,7446],{"class":67},[57,112407,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112409,3482],{"class":285},[57,112411,498],{"class":67},[57,112413,28620],{"class":238},[57,112415,1075],{"class":67},[57,112417,116],{"class":80},[57,112419,1081],{"class":67},[57,112421,530],{"class":80},[57,112423,16212],{"class":67},[57,112425,7373],{"class":67},[57,112427,585],{"class":80},[57,112429,1081],{"class":67},[57,112431,2724],{"class":80},[57,112433,7370],{"class":67},[57,112435,8629],{"class":67},[57,112437,78767],{"class":80},[57,112439,28652],{"class":67},[57,112441,112442],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112443,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112445,112446,112448,112450,112452],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112447,64],{"class":63},[57,112449,68],{"class":67},[57,112451,3482],{"class":238},[57,112453,242],{"class":67},[57,112455,112456],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112457,112458],{"class":1772},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,112460,94500,112461,498],{},[373,112462,94508],{"href":96059},[43,112464,20122],{"id":20121},[15,112466,112467,474,112469,498],{},[19,112468,95490],{},[19,112470,1890],{},[15,112472,9857],{},[48,112474,112476],{"className":50,"code":112475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[19,112477,112478,112494,112516,112520,112530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112479,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112481,1724],{"class":285},[57,112483,289],{"class":76},[57,112485,8629],{"class":67},[57,112487,1078],{"class":80},[57,112489,1081],{"class":67},[57,112491,1084],{"class":80},[57,112493,7446],{"class":67},[57,112495,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112497,300],{"class":285},[57,112499,289],{"class":76},[57,112501,2380],{"class":285},[57,112503,498],{"class":67},[57,112505,28620],{"class":238},[57,112507,1075],{"class":67},[57,112509,122],{"class":80},[57,112511,1081],{"class":67},[57,112513,536],{"class":80},[57,112515,2003],{"class":67},[57,112517,112518],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112519,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112521,112522,112524,112526,112528],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112523,64],{"class":63},[57,112525,68],{"class":67},[57,112527,339],{"class":238},[57,112529,242],{"class":67},[57,112531,112532],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112533,60003],{"class":1772},[15,112535,112536,112537,498],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[19,112538,339],{},[15,112540,17119],{},[48,112542,112544],{"className":50,"code":112543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[19,112545,112546,112562,112580,112584,112594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112547,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112549,1724],{"class":285},[57,112551,289],{"class":76},[57,112553,8629],{"class":67},[57,112555,1078],{"class":80},[57,112557,1081],{"class":67},[57,112559,1084],{"class":80},[57,112561,7446],{"class":67},[57,112563,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112565,1756],{"class":285},[57,112567,498],{"class":67},[57,112569,28620],{"class":238},[57,112571,1075],{"class":67},[57,112573,122],{"class":80},[57,112575,1081],{"class":67},[57,112577,536],{"class":80},[57,112579,2003],{"class":67},[57,112581,112582],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112583,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112585,112586,112588,112590,112592],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112587,64],{"class":63},[57,112589,68],{"class":67},[57,112591,1756],{"class":238},[57,112593,242],{"class":67},[57,112595,112596],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112597,112206],{"class":1772},[43,112599,112601],{"id":112600},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[15,112603,112604,112605,498],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[19,112606,13101],{},[48,112608,112610],{"className":50,"code":112609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[19,112611,112612,112628,112654,112658,112668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112615,1724],{"class":285},[57,112617,289],{"class":76},[57,112619,8629],{"class":67},[57,112621,1078],{"class":80},[57,112623,1081],{"class":67},[57,112625,1084],{"class":80},[57,112627,7446],{"class":67},[57,112629,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112631,1756],{"class":285},[57,112633,498],{"class":67},[57,112635,28620],{"class":238},[57,112637,1075],{"class":67},[57,112639,116],{"class":80},[57,112641,1081],{"class":67},[57,112643,530],{"class":80},[57,112645,1081],{"class":67},[57,112647,536],{"class":80},[57,112649,1081],{"class":67},[57,112651,536],{"class":80},[57,112653,2003],{"class":67},[57,112655,112656],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112657,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112659,112660,112662,112664,112666],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112661,64],{"class":63},[57,112663,68],{"class":67},[57,112665,1756],{"class":238},[57,112667,242],{"class":67},[57,112669,112670],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112671,112206],{"class":1772},[15,112673,9826],{},[27,112675,112676,112681,112688],{},[30,112677,112678,112680],{},[19,112679,116],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[30,112682,112683,2511,112685,112687],{},[19,112684,122],{},[19,112686,585],{}," are added",[30,112689,112690,112691,112693],{},"The second ",[19,112692,585],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[15,112695,112696,112697,112700],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[373,112698,112699],{"href":97253},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[43,112702,112704],{"id":112703},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[15,112706,5893,112707,112709],{},[19,112708,13101],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[48,112711,112713],{"className":50,"code":112712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[19,112714,112715,112736,112757,112761,112777,112781,112791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112716,112717,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112718,112719],{"class":285},"set_a ",[57,112721,289],{"class":76},[57,112723,8629],{"class":67},[57,112725,1078],{"class":80},[57,112727,1081],{"class":67},[57,112729,1084],{"class":80},[57,112731,1081],{"class":67},[57,112733,530],{"class":80},[57,112735,7446],{"class":67},[57,112737,112738,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112739,112740],{"class":285},"set_b ",[57,112742,289],{"class":76},[57,112744,8629],{"class":67},[57,112746,122],{"class":80},[57,112748,1081],{"class":67},[57,112750,536],{"class":80},[57,112752,1081],{"class":67},[57,112754,2724],{"class":80},[57,112756,7446],{"class":67},[57,112758,112759],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112760,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112762,112763,112766,112768,112770,112772,112775],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112764,112765],{"class":285},"set_a",[57,112767,498],{"class":67},[57,112769,28620],{"class":238},[57,112771,68],{"class":67},[57,112773,112774],{"class":238},"set_b",[57,112776,242],{"class":67},[57,112778,112779],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112780,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112782,112783,112785,112787,112789],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,112784,64],{"class":63},[57,112786,68],{"class":67},[57,112788,112765],{"class":238},[57,112790,242],{"class":67},[57,112792,112793],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,112794,110167],{"class":1772},[15,112796,112797],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[15,112799,112800,112801,498],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[373,112802,112803],{"href":100972},[19,112804,106219],{},[48,112806,112808],{"className":50,"code":112807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[19,112809,112810,112830,112850,112854,112874,112878,112889,112893,112903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112811,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112813,112719],{"class":285},[57,112815,289],{"class":76},[57,112817,8629],{"class":67},[57,112819,1078],{"class":80},[57,112821,1081],{"class":67},[57,112823,1084],{"class":80},[57,112825,1081],{"class":67},[57,112827,530],{"class":80},[57,112829,7446],{"class":67},[57,112831,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112833,112740],{"class":285},[57,112835,289],{"class":76},[57,112837,8629],{"class":67},[57,112839,122],{"class":80},[57,112841,1081],{"class":67},[57,112843,536],{"class":80},[57,112845,1081],{"class":67},[57,112847,2724],{"class":80},[57,112849,7446],{"class":67},[57,112851,112852],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112853,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112855,112856,112859,112861,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112857,112858],{"class":285},"combined ",[57,112860,289],{"class":76},[57,112862,112863],{"class":285}," set_a",[57,112865,498],{"class":67},[57,112867,109445],{"class":238},[57,112869,68],{"class":67},[57,112871,112774],{"class":238},[57,112873,242],{"class":67},[57,112875,112876],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112877,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112879,112880,112882,112884,112887],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,112881,64],{"class":63},[57,112883,68],{"class":67},[57,112885,112886],{"class":238},"combined",[57,112888,242],{"class":67},[57,112890,112891],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,112892,110167],{"class":1772},[57,112894,112895,112897,112899,112901],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,112896,64],{"class":63},[57,112898,68],{"class":67},[57,112900,112765],{"class":238},[57,112902,242],{"class":67},[57,112904,112905],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,112906,112907],{"class":1772},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[43,112909,112911],{"id":112910},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[15,112913,62912,112914,112916],{},[19,112915,13101],{}," adds each character separately.",[48,112918,112920],{"className":50,"code":112919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[19,112921,112922,112938,112956,112960,112970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112923,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112925,34251],{"class":285},[57,112927,289],{"class":76},[57,112929,8629],{"class":67},[57,112931,939],{"class":938},[57,112933,239],{"class":942},[57,112935,939],{"class":938},[57,112937,7446],{"class":67},[57,112939,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,112941,34304],{"class":285},[57,112943,498],{"class":67},[57,112945,28620],{"class":238},[57,112947,68],{"class":67},[57,112949,939],{"class":938},[57,112951,35209],{"class":942},[57,112953,939],{"class":938},[57,112955,242],{"class":67},[57,112957,112958],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,112959,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,112961,112962,112964,112966,112968],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,112963,64],{"class":63},[57,112965,68],{"class":67},[57,112967,34304],{"class":238},[57,112969,242],{"class":67},[57,112971,112972],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,112973,112974],{"class":1772},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,112976,112977],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[15,112979,112980,12200,112983,112985,112986,112988],{},[19,112981,112982],{},"update(\"cat\")",[1854,112984,2750],{}," add ",[19,112987,111212],{}," as one item. It adds:",[27,112990,112991,112995,112999],{},[30,112992,112993],{},[19,112994,64654],{},[30,112996,112997],{},[19,112998,16246],{},[30,113000,113001],{},[19,113002,111228],{},[15,113004,113005,113006,972],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[373,113007,113008],{"href":96676},[19,113009,94384],{},[48,113011,113013],{"className":50,"code":113012,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[19,113014,113015,113031,113049,113053,113063],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113016,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113018,2186],{"class":285},[57,113020,289],{"class":76},[57,113022,8629],{"class":67},[57,113024,939],{"class":938},[57,113026,56298],{"class":942},[57,113028,939],{"class":938},[57,113030,7446],{"class":67},[57,113032,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113034,2230],{"class":285},[57,113036,498],{"class":67},[57,113038,80279],{"class":238},[57,113040,68],{"class":67},[57,113042,939],{"class":938},[57,113044,35209],{"class":942},[57,113046,939],{"class":938},[57,113048,242],{"class":67},[57,113050,113051],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113052,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113054,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113056,64],{"class":63},[57,113058,68],{"class":67},[57,113060,2230],{"class":238},[57,113062,242],{"class":67},[57,113064,113065],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113066,113067],{"class":1772},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[43,113069,113071,8724,113073],{"id":113070},"update-vs-add",[19,113072,13101],{},[19,113074,94379],{},[15,113076,113077],{},"The difference is simple:",[27,113079,113080,113084],{},[30,113081,113082,94978],{},[19,113083,94379],{},[30,113085,113086,94983],{},[19,113087,13101],{},[15,113089,44207,113090,972],{},[19,113091,94379],{},[48,113093,113095],{"className":50,"code":113094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[19,113096,113097,113113,113131,113135,113145],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113098,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113100,34400],{"class":285},[57,113102,289],{"class":76},[57,113104,8629],{"class":67},[57,113106,939],{"class":938},[57,113108,2195],{"class":942},[57,113110,939],{"class":938},[57,113112,7446],{"class":67},[57,113114,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113116,34452],{"class":285},[57,113118,498],{"class":67},[57,113120,80279],{"class":238},[57,113122,68],{"class":67},[57,113124,939],{"class":938},[57,113126,2204],{"class":942},[57,113128,939],{"class":938},[57,113130,242],{"class":67},[57,113132,113133],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113134,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113136,113137,113139,113141,113143],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113138,64],{"class":63},[57,113140,68],{"class":67},[57,113142,34452],{"class":238},[57,113144,242],{"class":67},[57,113146,113147],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113148,113149],{"class":1772},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,113151,44207,113152,972],{},[19,113153,13101],{},[48,113155,113157],{"className":50,"code":113156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[19,113158,113159,113175,113201,113205,113215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113160,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113162,34400],{"class":285},[57,113164,289],{"class":76},[57,113166,8629],{"class":67},[57,113168,939],{"class":938},[57,113170,2195],{"class":942},[57,113172,939],{"class":938},[57,113174,7446],{"class":67},[57,113176,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113178,34452],{"class":285},[57,113180,498],{"class":67},[57,113182,28620],{"class":238},[57,113184,1075],{"class":67},[57,113186,939],{"class":938},[57,113188,2204],{"class":942},[57,113190,939],{"class":938},[57,113192,1081],{"class":67},[57,113194,1449],{"class":938},[57,113196,31378],{"class":942},[57,113198,939],{"class":938},[57,113200,2003],{"class":67},[57,113202,113203],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113204,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113206,113207,113209,113211,113213],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113208,64],{"class":63},[57,113210,68],{"class":67},[57,113212,34452],{"class":238},[57,113214,242],{"class":67},[57,113216,113217],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113218,113219],{"class":1772},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,113221,113222],{},"Important warning with strings:",[48,113224,113226],{"className":50,"code":113225,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[19,113227,113228,113244,113262,113266,113276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113229,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113231,34400],{"class":285},[57,113233,289],{"class":76},[57,113235,8629],{"class":67},[57,113237,939],{"class":938},[57,113239,2195],{"class":942},[57,113241,939],{"class":938},[57,113243,7446],{"class":67},[57,113245,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113247,34452],{"class":285},[57,113249,498],{"class":67},[57,113251,28620],{"class":238},[57,113253,68],{"class":67},[57,113255,939],{"class":938},[57,113257,36504],{"class":942},[57,113259,939],{"class":938},[57,113261,242],{"class":67},[57,113263,113264],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113265,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113267,113268,113270,113272,113274],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113269,64],{"class":63},[57,113271,68],{"class":67},[57,113273,34452],{"class":238},[57,113275,242],{"class":67},[57,113277,113278],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113279,113280],{"class":1772},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,113282,60278,113283,60351,113286,4759],{},[19,113284,113285],{},"\"kiwi\"",[19,113287,94379],{},[43,113289,113291,8724,113293],{"id":113290},"update-vs-union",[19,113292,13101],{},[19,113294,100975],{},[15,113296,113297],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[616,113299,113300],{"id":28620},[19,113301,13101],{},[27,113303,113304,113307],{},[30,113305,113306],{},"Changes the existing set",[30,113308,9565,113309],{},[19,113310,1890],{},[48,113312,113314],{"className":50,"code":113313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[19,113315,113316,113332,113348,113352,113366,113376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113317,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113319,636],{"class":285},[57,113321,289],{"class":76},[57,113323,8629],{"class":67},[57,113325,1078],{"class":80},[57,113327,1081],{"class":67},[57,113329,1084],{"class":80},[57,113331,7446],{"class":67},[57,113333,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113335,664],{"class":285},[57,113337,289],{"class":76},[57,113339,8629],{"class":67},[57,113341,116],{"class":80},[57,113343,1081],{"class":67},[57,113345,530],{"class":80},[57,113347,7446],{"class":67},[57,113349,113350],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113351,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113353,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113355,373],{"class":285},[57,113357,498],{"class":67},[57,113359,28620],{"class":238},[57,113361,68],{"class":67},[57,113363,2881],{"class":238},[57,113365,242],{"class":67},[57,113367,113368,113370,113372,113374],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113369,64],{"class":63},[57,113371,68],{"class":67},[57,113373,373],{"class":238},[57,113375,242],{"class":67},[57,113377,113378],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,113379,112907],{"class":1772},[616,113381,113382],{"id":109445},[19,113383,100975],{},[27,113385,113386,113388],{},[30,113387,99513],{},[30,113389,99516],{},[48,113391,113393],{"className":50,"code":113392,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[19,113394,113395,113411,113427,113431,113449,113459,113463,113473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113396,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113398,636],{"class":285},[57,113400,289],{"class":76},[57,113402,8629],{"class":67},[57,113404,1078],{"class":80},[57,113406,1081],{"class":67},[57,113408,1084],{"class":80},[57,113410,7446],{"class":67},[57,113412,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113414,664],{"class":285},[57,113416,289],{"class":76},[57,113418,8629],{"class":67},[57,113420,116],{"class":80},[57,113422,1081],{"class":67},[57,113424,530],{"class":80},[57,113426,7446],{"class":67},[57,113428,113429],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113430,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113432,113433,113435,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113434,81359],{"class":285},[57,113436,289],{"class":76},[57,113438,55058],{"class":285},[57,113440,498],{"class":67},[57,113442,109445],{"class":238},[57,113444,68],{"class":67},[57,113446,2881],{"class":238},[57,113448,242],{"class":67},[57,113450,113451,113453,113455,113457],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113452,64],{"class":63},[57,113454,68],{"class":67},[57,113456,7877],{"class":238},[57,113458,242],{"class":67},[57,113460,113461],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,113462,112907],{"class":1772},[57,113464,113465,113467,113469,113471],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,113466,64],{"class":63},[57,113468,68],{"class":67},[57,113470,373],{"class":238},[57,113472,242],{"class":67},[57,113474,113475],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,113476,113477],{"class":1772},"# {1, 2}\n",[15,113479,105861,113480,113482,113483,113487],{},[19,113481,13101],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[373,113484,113485],{"href":100972},[19,113486,100975],{}," when you want a new set.",[43,113489,113491],{"id":113490},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[15,113493,8887,113494,498],{},[19,113495,95490],{},[616,113497,113499],{"id":113498},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[15,113501,113502],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[48,113504,113506],{"className":50,"code":113505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[19,113507,113508,113524,113546,113550,113560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113509,113510,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520,113522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113511,13776],{"class":285},[57,113513,289],{"class":76},[57,113515,8629],{"class":67},[57,113517,1078],{"class":80},[57,113519,1081],{"class":67},[57,113521,1084],{"class":80},[57,113523,7446],{"class":67},[57,113525,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113527,300],{"class":285},[57,113529,289],{"class":76},[57,113531,95100],{"class":285},[57,113533,498],{"class":67},[57,113535,28620],{"class":238},[57,113537,1075],{"class":67},[57,113539,122],{"class":80},[57,113541,1081],{"class":67},[57,113543,536],{"class":80},[57,113545,2003],{"class":67},[57,113547,113548],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113549,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113551,113552,113554,113556,113558],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113553,64],{"class":63},[57,113555,68],{"class":67},[57,113557,339],{"class":238},[57,113559,242],{"class":67},[57,113561,113562],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113563,60003],{"class":1772},[15,113565,113566,113567,972],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[19,113568,13101],{},[48,113570,113572],{"className":50,"code":113571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[19,113573,113574,113590,113608,113612,113622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113575,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113577,13776],{"class":285},[57,113579,289],{"class":76},[57,113581,8629],{"class":67},[57,113583,1078],{"class":80},[57,113585,1081],{"class":67},[57,113587,1084],{"class":80},[57,113589,7446],{"class":67},[57,113591,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113593,13814],{"class":285},[57,113595,498],{"class":67},[57,113597,28620],{"class":238},[57,113599,1075],{"class":67},[57,113601,122],{"class":80},[57,113603,1081],{"class":67},[57,113605,536],{"class":80},[57,113607,2003],{"class":67},[57,113609,113610],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113611,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113613,113614,113616,113618,113620],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113615,64],{"class":63},[57,113617,68],{"class":67},[57,113619,13814],{"class":238},[57,113621,242],{"class":67},[57,113623,113624],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113625,112206],{"class":1772},[616,113627,113629],{"id":113628},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[15,113631,920],{},[48,113633,113635],{"className":50,"code":113634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[19,113636,113637,113653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113638,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649,113651],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113640,13776],{"class":285},[57,113642,289],{"class":76},[57,113644,8629],{"class":67},[57,113646,1078],{"class":80},[57,113648,1081],{"class":67},[57,113650,1084],{"class":80},[57,113652,7446],{"class":67},[57,113654,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663,113665],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113656,13814],{"class":285},[57,113658,498],{"class":67},[57,113660,28620],{"class":238},[57,113662,68],{"class":67},[57,113664,199],{"class":80},[57,113666,242],{"class":67},[15,113668,60457,113669,6736,113671,113673],{},[19,113670,1097],{},[19,113672,199],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[15,113675,4682],{},[48,113677,113679],{"className":50,"code":113678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[19,113680,113681,113697,113711,113715,113725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113682,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113684,13776],{"class":285},[57,113686,289],{"class":76},[57,113688,8629],{"class":67},[57,113690,1078],{"class":80},[57,113692,1081],{"class":67},[57,113694,1084],{"class":80},[57,113696,7446],{"class":67},[57,113698,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113700,13814],{"class":285},[57,113702,498],{"class":67},[57,113704,28620],{"class":238},[57,113706,1075],{"class":67},[57,113708,199],{"class":80},[57,113710,2003],{"class":67},[57,113712,113713],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113714,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113716,113717,113719,113721,113723],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113718,64],{"class":63},[57,113720,68],{"class":67},[57,113722,13814],{"class":238},[57,113724,242],{"class":67},[57,113726,113727],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113728,113729],{"class":1772},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,113731,44080,113732,498],{},[373,113733,23833,113734],{"href":50769},[19,113735,113736],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[616,113738,113740],{"id":113739},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[15,113742,113743],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[48,113745,113747],{"className":50,"code":113746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[19,113748,113749,113765,113791,113795,113805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113750,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113752,13776],{"class":285},[57,113754,289],{"class":76},[57,113756,8629],{"class":67},[57,113758,1078],{"class":80},[57,113760,1081],{"class":67},[57,113762,1084],{"class":80},[57,113764,7446],{"class":67},[57,113766,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113768,13814],{"class":285},[57,113770,498],{"class":67},[57,113772,28620],{"class":238},[57,113774,1075],{"class":67},[57,113776,116],{"class":80},[57,113778,1081],{"class":67},[57,113780,1084],{"class":80},[57,113782,1081],{"class":67},[57,113784,1084],{"class":80},[57,113786,1081],{"class":67},[57,113788,530],{"class":80},[57,113790,2003],{"class":67},[57,113792,113793],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113794,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113796,113797,113799,113801,113803],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113798,64],{"class":63},[57,113800,68],{"class":67},[57,113802,13814],{"class":238},[57,113804,242],{"class":67},[57,113806,113807],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113808,112907],{"class":1772},[616,113810,113812,113813,42796,113815,113817],{"id":113811},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[19,113814,13101],{},[19,113816,94379],{}," is better",[15,113819,113820,113821,113823],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[19,113822,94379],{}," is usually the better choice.",[48,113825,113827],{"className":50,"code":113826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[19,113828,113829,113845,113863,113867,113877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113830,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113832,13776],{"class":285},[57,113834,289],{"class":76},[57,113836,8629],{"class":67},[57,113838,939],{"class":938},[57,113840,56298],{"class":942},[57,113842,939],{"class":938},[57,113844,7446],{"class":67},[57,113846,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,113848,13814],{"class":285},[57,113850,498],{"class":67},[57,113852,80279],{"class":238},[57,113854,68],{"class":67},[57,113856,939],{"class":938},[57,113858,35209],{"class":942},[57,113860,939],{"class":938},[57,113862,242],{"class":67},[57,113864,113865],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,113866,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,113868,113869,113871,113873,113875],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,113870,64],{"class":63},[57,113872,68],{"class":67},[57,113874,13814],{"class":238},[57,113876,242],{"class":67},[57,113878,113879],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,113880,113067],{"class":1772},[43,113882,1554],{"id":1553},[616,113884,10848,113886,95469],{"id":113885},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[19,113887,95490],{},[15,113889,95472,113890,498],{},[19,113891,1890],{},[616,113893,26483,113894,30383],{"id":30380},[19,113895,13101],{},[15,113897,113898],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[616,113900,3302,113902,2511,113904,572],{"id":113901},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[19,113903,94379],{},[19,113905,13101],{},[15,113907,113908,113910,113911,113913],{},[19,113909,94379],{}," adds one item. ",[19,113912,13101],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[616,113915,113917],{"id":113916},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[15,113919,113920,113921,112916],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[19,113922,13101],{},[616,113924,113926],{"id":113925},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[15,113928,154,113929,9232,113931,498],{},[19,113930,100975],{},[19,113932,13101],{},[43,113934,1602],{"id":1601},[27,113936,113937,113944,113951,113957,113963],{},[30,113938,113939],{},[373,113940,113941],{"href":96676},[19,113942,113943],{},"Python set add() method",[30,113945,113946],{},[373,113947,113948],{"href":100972},[19,113949,113950],{},"Python set union() method",[30,113952,113953],{},[373,113954,113955],{"href":96059},[19,113956,95514],{},[30,113958,113959],{},[373,113960,113961],{"href":97253},[19,113962,98520],{},[30,113964,113965],{},[373,113966,113967,113969],{"href":50769},[19,113968,113736],{}," fix",[15,113971,113972,113973,113975,113976,113978],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[19,113974,94384],{}," for a single value and ",[19,113977,106219],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1634,113980,113981],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":113983},[113984,113985,113987,113988,113989,113990,113991,113992,113994,113999,114006,114015],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":112214,"depth":87,"text":113986},"What set.update() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":20121,"depth":87,"text":20122},{"id":112600,"depth":87,"text":112601},{"id":112703,"depth":87,"text":112704},{"id":112910,"depth":87,"text":112911},{"id":113070,"depth":87,"text":113993},"update() vs add()",{"id":113290,"depth":87,"text":113995,"children":113996},"update() vs union()",[113997,113998],{"id":28620,"depth":103,"text":13101},{"id":109445,"depth":103,"text":100975},{"id":113490,"depth":87,"text":113491,"children":114000},[114001,114002,114003,114004],{"id":113498,"depth":103,"text":113499},{"id":113628,"depth":103,"text":113629},{"id":113739,"depth":103,"text":113740},{"id":113811,"depth":103,"text":114005},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":114007},[114008,114010,114011,114013,114014],{"id":113885,"depth":103,"text":114009},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":30380,"depth":103,"text":30453},{"id":113901,"depth":103,"text":114012},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":113916,"depth":103,"text":113917},{"id":113925,"depth":103,"text":113926},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112126,"description":114016},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":114022,"title":114023,"body":114024,"description":115790,"extension":1666,"meta":115791,"navigation":317,"path":11936,"seo":115792,"stem":115793,"__hash__":115794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":8,"value":114025,"toc":115765},[114026,114029,114032,114035,114046,114054,114057,114059,114208,114220,114224,114241,114245,114253,114255,114266,114268,114365,114371,114374,114470,114479,114484,114488,114493,114495,114505,114507,114616,114624,114628,114631,114634,114651,114657,114737,114740,114744,114747,114751,114754,114813,114816,114820,114823,114915,114919,114922,115029,115033,115039,115067,115069,115151,115161,115165,115168,115179,115182,115267,115270,115275,115279,115282,115293,115296,115438,115441,115445,115448,115462,115465,115526,115532,115534,115537,115559,115562,115662,115665,115697,115699,115703,115706,115708,115711,115715,115718,115722,115725,115729,115732,115734,115762],[11,114027,114023],{"id":114028},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[15,114030,114031],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[15,114033,114034],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[27,114036,114037,114040,114043],{},[30,114038,114039],{},"a list inside another list",[30,114041,114042],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[30,114044,114045],{},"a list of dictionaries",[15,114047,98442,114048,2511,114050,114053],{},[1854,114049,10995],{},[1854,114051,114052],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[15,114055,114056],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[43,114058,46],{"id":45},[48,114060,114062],{"className":50,"code":114061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[19,114063,114064,114071,114075,114101,114121,114141,114145,114163,114167,114180,114194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114065,114066,114068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114067,33250],{"class":1990},[57,114069,114070],{"class":285}," copy\n",[57,114072,114073],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114074,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114076,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114078,10229],{"class":285},[57,114080,289],{"class":76},[57,114082,54464],{"class":67},[57,114084,1078],{"class":80},[57,114086,1081],{"class":67},[57,114088,1084],{"class":80},[57,114090,16212],{"class":67},[57,114092,1729],{"class":67},[57,114094,122],{"class":80},[57,114096,1081],{"class":67},[57,114098,536],{"class":80},[57,114100,51412],{"class":67},[57,114102,114103,114106,114108,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114104,114105],{"class":285},"shallow ",[57,114107,289],{"class":76},[57,114109,114110],{"class":285}," copy",[57,114112,498],{"class":67},[57,114114,11056],{"class":238},[57,114116,68],{"class":67},[57,114118,10276],{"class":238},[57,114120,242],{"class":67},[57,114122,114123,114126,114128,114130,114132,114135,114137,114139],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,114124,114125],{"class":285},"deep ",[57,114127,289],{"class":76},[57,114129,114110],{"class":285},[57,114131,498],{"class":67},[57,114133,114134],{"class":238},"deepcopy",[57,114136,68],{"class":67},[57,114138,10276],{"class":238},[57,114140,242],{"class":67},[57,114142,114143],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,114144,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114146,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,114148,10276],{"class":285},[57,114150,2015],{"class":67},[57,114152,182],{"class":80},[57,114154,11696],{"class":67},[57,114156,11699],{"class":238},[57,114158,68],{"class":67},[57,114160,54517],{"class":80},[57,114162,242],{"class":67},[57,114164,114165],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,114166,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114168,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,114170,64],{"class":63},[57,114172,68],{"class":67},[57,114174,10276],{"class":238},[57,114176,1769],{"class":67},[57,114178,114179],{"class":1772},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,114181,114182,114184,114186,114189,114191],{"class":59,"line":4564},[57,114183,64],{"class":63},[57,114185,68],{"class":67},[57,114187,114188],{"class":238},"shallow",[57,114190,1769],{"class":67},[57,114192,114193],{"class":1772},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,114195,114196,114198,114200,114203,114205],{"class":59,"line":9737},[57,114197,64],{"class":63},[57,114199,68],{"class":67},[57,114201,114202],{"class":238},"deep",[57,114204,1769],{"class":67},[57,114206,114207],{"class":1772},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,114209,154,114210,114213,114214,2511,114216,114219],{},[19,114211,114212],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[1854,114215,10995],{},[19,114217,114218],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[43,114221,114223],{"id":114222},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[27,114225,114226,114229,114232,114235,114238],{},[30,114227,114228],{},"What a copy means in Python",[30,114230,114231],{},"How shallow copy works",[30,114233,114234],{},"How deep copy works",[30,114236,114237],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[30,114239,114240],{},"When to use each approach",[43,114242,114244],{"id":114243},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[15,114246,13336,114247,114249,114250,114252],{},[1854,114248,10995],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[1854,114251,2750],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[15,114254,169],{},[27,114256,114257,114260,114263],{},[30,114258,114259],{},"the outer container is new",[30,114261,114262],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[30,114264,114265],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[15,114267,275],{},[48,114269,114271],{"className":50,"code":114270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[19,114272,114273,114299,114313,114317,114335,114339,114352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114274,114275,114277,114279,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114276,10229],{"class":285},[57,114278,289],{"class":76},[57,114280,54464],{"class":67},[57,114282,1078],{"class":80},[57,114284,1081],{"class":67},[57,114286,1084],{"class":80},[57,114288,16212],{"class":67},[57,114290,1729],{"class":67},[57,114292,122],{"class":80},[57,114294,1081],{"class":67},[57,114296,536],{"class":80},[57,114298,51412],{"class":67},[57,114300,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114302,12458],{"class":285},[57,114304,289],{"class":76},[57,114306,10304],{"class":285},[57,114308,498],{"class":67},[57,114310,11056],{"class":238},[57,114312,6778],{"class":67},[57,114314,114315],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114316,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114318,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327,114329,114331,114333],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114320,12477],{"class":285},[57,114322,498],{"class":67},[57,114324,11699],{"class":238},[57,114326,1075],{"class":67},[57,114328,199],{"class":80},[57,114330,1081],{"class":67},[57,114332,35806],{"class":80},[57,114334,2003],{"class":67},[57,114336,114337],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,114338,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114340,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,114342,64],{"class":63},[57,114344,68],{"class":67},[57,114346,10276],{"class":238},[57,114348,1769],{"class":67},[57,114350,114351],{"class":1772},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[57,114353,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,114355,64],{"class":63},[57,114357,68],{"class":67},[57,114359,12477],{"class":238},[57,114361,1769],{"class":67},[57,114363,114364],{"class":1772},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,114366,114367,114368,114370],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[19,114369,12477],{},", because the outer list is different.",[15,114372,114373],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[48,114375,114377],{"className":50,"code":114376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[19,114378,114379,114405,114419,114423,114441,114445,114457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114380,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114382,10229],{"class":285},[57,114384,289],{"class":76},[57,114386,54464],{"class":67},[57,114388,1078],{"class":80},[57,114390,1081],{"class":67},[57,114392,1084],{"class":80},[57,114394,16212],{"class":67},[57,114396,1729],{"class":67},[57,114398,122],{"class":80},[57,114400,1081],{"class":67},[57,114402,536],{"class":80},[57,114404,51412],{"class":67},[57,114406,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114408,12458],{"class":285},[57,114410,289],{"class":76},[57,114412,10304],{"class":285},[57,114414,498],{"class":67},[57,114416,11056],{"class":238},[57,114418,6778],{"class":67},[57,114420,114421],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114422,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114424,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114426,12477],{"class":285},[57,114428,2015],{"class":67},[57,114430,182],{"class":80},[57,114432,11696],{"class":67},[57,114434,11699],{"class":238},[57,114436,68],{"class":67},[57,114438,54517],{"class":80},[57,114440,242],{"class":67},[57,114442,114443],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,114444,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114446,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,114448,64],{"class":63},[57,114450,68],{"class":67},[57,114452,10276],{"class":238},[57,114454,1769],{"class":67},[57,114456,114179],{"class":1772},[57,114458,114459,114461,114463,114465,114467],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,114460,64],{"class":63},[57,114462,68],{"class":67},[57,114464,12477],{"class":238},[57,114466,1769],{"class":67},[57,114468,114469],{"class":1772},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,114471,114472,114473,2511,114475,114478],{},"Both changed because ",[19,114474,54621],{},[19,114476,114477],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[15,114480,114481,114482,498],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[373,114483,42102],{"href":10208},[43,114485,114487],{"id":114486},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[15,114489,13336,114490,114492],{},[1854,114491,114052],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[15,114494,169],{},[27,114496,114497,114499,114502],{},[30,114498,114259],{},[30,114500,114501],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[30,114503,114504],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[15,114506,275],{},[48,114508,114510],{"className":50,"code":114509,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[19,114511,114512,114518,114522,114548,114566,114570,114588,114592,114604],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114513,114514,114516],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114515,33250],{"class":1990},[57,114517,114070],{"class":285},[57,114519,114520],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114521,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114523,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114525,10229],{"class":285},[57,114527,289],{"class":76},[57,114529,54464],{"class":67},[57,114531,1078],{"class":80},[57,114533,1081],{"class":67},[57,114535,1084],{"class":80},[57,114537,16212],{"class":67},[57,114539,1729],{"class":67},[57,114541,122],{"class":80},[57,114543,1081],{"class":67},[57,114545,536],{"class":80},[57,114547,51412],{"class":67},[57,114549,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114551,12458],{"class":285},[57,114553,289],{"class":76},[57,114555,114110],{"class":285},[57,114557,498],{"class":67},[57,114559,114134],{"class":238},[57,114561,68],{"class":67},[57,114563,10276],{"class":238},[57,114565,242],{"class":67},[57,114567,114568],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,114569,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114571,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,114573,12477],{"class":285},[57,114575,2015],{"class":67},[57,114577,182],{"class":80},[57,114579,11696],{"class":67},[57,114581,11699],{"class":238},[57,114583,68],{"class":67},[57,114585,54517],{"class":80},[57,114587,242],{"class":67},[57,114589,114590],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,114591,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114593,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,114595,64],{"class":63},[57,114597,68],{"class":67},[57,114599,10276],{"class":238},[57,114601,1769],{"class":67},[57,114603,114351],{"class":1772},[57,114605,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,114607,64],{"class":63},[57,114609,68],{"class":67},[57,114611,12477],{"class":238},[57,114613,1769],{"class":67},[57,114615,114469],{"class":1772},[15,114617,114618,114619,114621,114622,498],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[19,114620,114477],{}," does not change ",[19,114623,54621],{},[43,114625,114627],{"id":114626},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[15,114629,114630],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[15,114632,114633],{},"Common reasons:",[27,114635,114636,114639,114642,114648],{},[30,114637,114638],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[30,114640,114641],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[30,114643,114644,114645,114647],{},"Assignment with ",[19,114646,289],{}," does not make a copy",[30,114649,114650],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[15,114652,114653,114654,114656],{},"For example, this does ",[1854,114655,2750],{}," create a copy:",[48,114658,114660],{"className":50,"code":114659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,114661,114662,114682,114690,114694,114708,114712,114724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114663,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114665,10229],{"class":285},[57,114667,289],{"class":76},[57,114669,1729],{"class":67},[57,114671,1078],{"class":80},[57,114673,1081],{"class":67},[57,114675,1084],{"class":80},[57,114677,1081],{"class":67},[57,114679,530],{"class":80},[57,114681,1742],{"class":67},[57,114683,114684,114686,114688],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114685,12458],{"class":285},[57,114687,289],{"class":76},[57,114689,10267],{"class":285},[57,114691,114692],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114693,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114695,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114697,12477],{"class":285},[57,114699,498],{"class":67},[57,114701,11699],{"class":238},[57,114703,68],{"class":67},[57,114705,585],{"class":80},[57,114707,242],{"class":67},[57,114709,114710],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,114711,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114713,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,114715,64],{"class":63},[57,114717,68],{"class":67},[57,114719,10276],{"class":238},[57,114721,1769],{"class":67},[57,114723,53871],{"class":1772},[57,114725,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,114727,64],{"class":63},[57,114729,68],{"class":67},[57,114731,12477],{"class":238},[57,114733,1769],{"class":67},[57,114735,114736],{"class":1772},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,114738,114739],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[43,114741,114743],{"id":114742},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[15,114745,114746],{},"These three ideas are different.",[616,114748,114750],{"id":114749},"assignment","Assignment",[15,114752,114753],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[48,114755,114757],{"className":50,"code":114756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[19,114758,114759,114785,114793,114797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114760,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775,114777,114779,114781,114783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114762,10229],{"class":285},[57,114764,289],{"class":76},[57,114766,54464],{"class":67},[57,114768,1078],{"class":80},[57,114770,1081],{"class":67},[57,114772,1084],{"class":80},[57,114774,16212],{"class":67},[57,114776,1729],{"class":67},[57,114778,122],{"class":80},[57,114780,1081],{"class":67},[57,114782,536],{"class":80},[57,114784,51412],{"class":67},[57,114786,114787,114789,114791],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114788,12249],{"class":285},[57,114790,289],{"class":76},[57,114792,10267],{"class":285},[57,114794,114795],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114796,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114798,114799,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114800,64],{"class":63},[57,114802,68],{"class":67},[57,114804,10229],{"class":238},[57,114806,10337],{"class":1990},[57,114808,12317],{"class":238},[57,114810,1769],{"class":67},[57,114812,1773],{"class":1772},[15,114814,114815],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[616,114817,114819],{"id":114818},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[15,114821,114822],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[48,114824,114826],{"className":50,"code":114825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[19,114827,114828,114854,114868,114872,114889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114829,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114831,10229],{"class":285},[57,114833,289],{"class":76},[57,114835,54464],{"class":67},[57,114837,1078],{"class":80},[57,114839,1081],{"class":67},[57,114841,1084],{"class":80},[57,114843,16212],{"class":67},[57,114845,1729],{"class":67},[57,114847,122],{"class":80},[57,114849,1081],{"class":67},[57,114851,536],{"class":80},[57,114853,51412],{"class":67},[57,114855,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114857,114105],{"class":285},[57,114859,289],{"class":76},[57,114861,10304],{"class":285},[57,114863,498],{"class":67},[57,114865,11056],{"class":238},[57,114867,6778],{"class":67},[57,114869,114870],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114871,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114873,114874,114876,114878,114880,114882,114885,114887],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114875,64],{"class":63},[57,114877,68],{"class":67},[57,114879,10229],{"class":238},[57,114881,10337],{"class":1990},[57,114883,114884],{"class":238}," shallow",[57,114886,1769],{"class":67},[57,114888,19352],{"class":1772},[57,114890,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,114892,64],{"class":63},[57,114894,68],{"class":67},[57,114896,10276],{"class":238},[57,114898,2015],{"class":67},[57,114900,182],{"class":80},[57,114902,11419],{"class":67},[57,114904,6229],{"class":1990},[57,114906,114884],{"class":238},[57,114908,2015],{"class":67},[57,114910,182],{"class":80},[57,114912,18597],{"class":67},[57,114914,1773],{"class":1772},[616,114916,114918],{"id":114917},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[15,114920,114921],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[48,114923,114925],{"className":50,"code":114924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[19,114926,114927,114933,114937,114963,114981,114985,115003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114928,114929,114931],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114930,33250],{"class":1990},[57,114932,114070],{"class":285},[57,114934,114935],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,114936,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114938,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,114940,10229],{"class":285},[57,114942,289],{"class":76},[57,114944,54464],{"class":67},[57,114946,1078],{"class":80},[57,114948,1081],{"class":67},[57,114950,1084],{"class":80},[57,114952,16212],{"class":67},[57,114954,1729],{"class":67},[57,114956,122],{"class":80},[57,114958,1081],{"class":67},[57,114960,536],{"class":80},[57,114962,51412],{"class":67},[57,114964,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,114966,114125],{"class":285},[57,114968,289],{"class":76},[57,114970,114110],{"class":285},[57,114972,498],{"class":67},[57,114974,114134],{"class":238},[57,114976,68],{"class":67},[57,114978,10276],{"class":238},[57,114980,242],{"class":67},[57,114982,114983],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,114984,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,114986,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114998,115000],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,114988,64],{"class":63},[57,114990,68],{"class":67},[57,114992,10229],{"class":238},[57,114994,10337],{"class":1990},[57,114996,114997],{"class":238}," deep",[57,114999,1769],{"class":67},[57,115001,115002],{"class":1772},"         # False\n",[57,115004,115005,115007,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,115006,64],{"class":63},[57,115008,68],{"class":67},[57,115010,10276],{"class":238},[57,115012,2015],{"class":67},[57,115014,182],{"class":80},[57,115016,11419],{"class":67},[57,115018,6229],{"class":1990},[57,115020,114997],{"class":238},[57,115022,2015],{"class":67},[57,115024,182],{"class":80},[57,115026,18597],{"class":67},[57,115028,42038],{"class":1772},[43,115030,115032],{"id":115031},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[15,115034,115035,115036,972],{},"These all make ",[1854,115037,115038],{},"shallow copies",[27,115040,115041,115045,115049,115054,115060],{},[30,115042,115043],{},[19,115044,53771],{},[30,115046,115047],{},[19,115048,10578],{},[30,115050,115051],{},[19,115052,115053],{},"set.copy()",[30,115055,115056,115057],{},"list slicing like ",[19,115058,115059],{},"my_list[:]",[30,115061,115062,115064,115065,33240],{},[19,115063,114212],{}," from the ",[19,115066,11056],{},[15,115068,188],{},[48,115070,115072],{"className":50,"code":115071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[19,115073,115074,115094,115098,115112,115123,115127,115139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115075,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115077,1724],{"class":285},[57,115079,289],{"class":76},[57,115081,1729],{"class":67},[57,115083,1078],{"class":80},[57,115085,1081],{"class":67},[57,115087,1084],{"class":80},[57,115089,1081],{"class":67},[57,115091,530],{"class":80},[57,115093,1742],{"class":67},[57,115095,115096],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,115097,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115099,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,115101,636],{"class":285},[57,115103,289],{"class":76},[57,115105,2380],{"class":285},[57,115107,498],{"class":67},[57,115109,11056],{"class":238},[57,115111,6778],{"class":67},[57,115113,115114,115116,115118,115120],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,115115,664],{"class":285},[57,115117,289],{"class":76},[57,115119,2380],{"class":285},[57,115121,115122],{"class":67},"[:]\n",[57,115124,115125],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,115126,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115128,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,115130,64],{"class":63},[57,115132,68],{"class":67},[57,115134,373],{"class":238},[57,115136,1769],{"class":67},[57,115138,53102],{"class":1772},[57,115140,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,115142,64],{"class":63},[57,115144,68],{"class":67},[57,115146,2881],{"class":238},[57,115148,1769],{"class":67},[57,115150,53102],{"class":1772},[15,115152,71313,115153,45701,115157,498],{},[373,115154,115155,8880],{"href":53130},[19,115156,53771],{},[373,115158,115159,8880],{"href":10575},[19,115160,10578],{},[43,115162,115164],{"id":115163},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[15,115166,115167],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[27,115169,115170,115173,115176],{},[30,115171,115172],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[30,115174,115175],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[30,115177,115178],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[15,115180,115181],{},"Example with a flat list:",[48,115183,115185],{"className":50,"code":115184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[19,115186,115187,115207,115221,115225,115239,115243,115255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115188,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115190,10229],{"class":285},[57,115192,289],{"class":76},[57,115194,1729],{"class":67},[57,115196,1078],{"class":80},[57,115198,1081],{"class":67},[57,115200,1084],{"class":80},[57,115202,1081],{"class":67},[57,115204,530],{"class":80},[57,115206,1742],{"class":67},[57,115208,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,115210,12458],{"class":285},[57,115212,289],{"class":76},[57,115214,10304],{"class":285},[57,115216,498],{"class":67},[57,115218,11056],{"class":238},[57,115220,6778],{"class":67},[57,115222,115223],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,115224,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115226,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,115228,12477],{"class":285},[57,115230,498],{"class":67},[57,115232,11699],{"class":238},[57,115234,68],{"class":67},[57,115236,585],{"class":80},[57,115238,242],{"class":67},[57,115240,115241],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,115242,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115244,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,115246,64],{"class":63},[57,115248,68],{"class":67},[57,115250,10276],{"class":238},[57,115252,1769],{"class":67},[57,115254,53102],{"class":1772},[57,115256,115257,115259,115261,115263,115265],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,115258,64],{"class":63},[57,115260,68],{"class":67},[57,115262,12477],{"class":238},[57,115264,1769],{"class":67},[57,115266,114736],{"class":1772},[15,115268,115269],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[15,115271,115272,115273,498],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[373,115274,13035],{"href":55390},[43,115276,115278],{"id":115277},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[15,115280,115281],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[27,115283,115284,115287,115290],{},[30,115285,115286],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[30,115288,115289],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[30,115291,115292],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[15,115294,115295],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[48,115297,115299],{"className":50,"code":115298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[19,115300,115301,115307,115311,115337,115351,115369,115373,115395,115399,115412,115425],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115302,115303,115305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115304,33250],{"class":1990},[57,115306,114070],{"class":285},[57,115308,115309],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,115310,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115312,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,115314,10229],{"class":285},[57,115316,289],{"class":76},[57,115318,8629],{"class":67},[57,115320,939],{"class":938},[57,115322,14537],{"class":942},[57,115324,939],{"class":938},[57,115326,972],{"class":67},[57,115328,1729],{"class":67},[57,115330,407],{"class":80},[57,115332,1081],{"class":67},[57,115334,5921],{"class":80},[57,115336,11852],{"class":67},[57,115338,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,115340,114105],{"class":285},[57,115342,289],{"class":76},[57,115344,10304],{"class":285},[57,115346,498],{"class":67},[57,115348,11056],{"class":238},[57,115350,6778],{"class":67},[57,115352,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,115354,114125],{"class":285},[57,115356,289],{"class":76},[57,115358,114110],{"class":285},[57,115360,498],{"class":67},[57,115362,114134],{"class":238},[57,115364,68],{"class":67},[57,115366,10276],{"class":238},[57,115368,242],{"class":67},[57,115370,115371],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,115372,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115374,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387,115389,115391,115393],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,115376,10276],{"class":285},[57,115378,2015],{"class":67},[57,115380,939],{"class":938},[57,115382,14537],{"class":942},[57,115384,939],{"class":938},[57,115386,11696],{"class":67},[57,115388,11699],{"class":238},[57,115390,68],{"class":67},[57,115392,35003],{"class":80},[57,115394,242],{"class":67},[57,115396,115397],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,115398,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115400,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,115402,64],{"class":63},[57,115404,68],{"class":67},[57,115406,10276],{"class":238},[57,115408,1769],{"class":67},[57,115410,115411],{"class":1772},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,115413,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422],{"class":59,"line":4564},[57,115415,64],{"class":63},[57,115417,68],{"class":67},[57,115419,114188],{"class":238},[57,115421,1769],{"class":67},[57,115423,115424],{"class":1772},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,115426,115427,115429,115431,115433,115435],{"class":59,"line":9737},[57,115428,64],{"class":63},[57,115430,68],{"class":67},[57,115432,114202],{"class":238},[57,115434,1769],{"class":67},[57,115436,115437],{"class":1772},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,115439,115440],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[43,115442,115444],{"id":115443},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[15,115446,115447],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[27,115449,115450,115453,115456,115459],{},[30,115451,115452],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[30,115454,115455],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[30,115457,115458],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[30,115460,115461],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[15,115463,115464],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[48,115466,115468],{"className":50,"code":115467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[19,115469,115470,115478,115486,115490,115498,115502,115514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115471,115472,115474,115476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115473,636],{"class":285},[57,115475,289],{"class":76},[57,115477,669],{"class":80},[57,115479,115480,115482,115484],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,115481,664],{"class":285},[57,115483,289],{"class":76},[57,115485,34336],{"class":285},[57,115487,115488],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,115489,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115491,115492,115494,115496],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,115493,664],{"class":285},[57,115495,289],{"class":76},[57,115497,12761],{"class":80},[57,115499,115500],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,115501,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115503,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,115505,64],{"class":63},[57,115507,68],{"class":67},[57,115509,373],{"class":238},[57,115511,1769],{"class":67},[57,115513,24949],{"class":1772},[57,115515,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,115517,64],{"class":63},[57,115519,68],{"class":67},[57,115521,2881],{"class":238},[57,115523,1769],{"class":67},[57,115525,25770],{"class":1772},[15,115527,91684,115528,115531],{},[373,115529,115530],{"href":10208},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[43,115533,913],{"id":912},[15,115535,115536],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[27,115538,115539,115543,115548,115553,115556],{},[30,115540,6551,115541,54954],{},[19,115542,289],{},[30,115544,6551,115545,115547],{},[19,115546,53771],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[30,115549,6551,115550,115552],{},[19,115551,10578],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[30,115554,115555],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[30,115557,115558],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[15,115560,115561],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[48,115563,115565],{"className":50,"code":115564,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[19,115566,115567,115581,115595,115617,115648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115568,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577,115579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115570,64],{"class":63},[57,115572,68],{"class":67},[57,115574,10229],{"class":238},[57,115576,10337],{"class":1990},[57,115578,12531],{"class":238},[57,115580,242],{"class":67},[57,115582,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,115584,64],{"class":63},[57,115586,68],{"class":67},[57,115588,10229],{"class":238},[57,115590,2808],{"class":76},[57,115592,12531],{"class":238},[57,115594,242],{"class":67},[57,115596,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,115598,64],{"class":63},[57,115600,68],{"class":67},[57,115602,10793],{"class":63},[57,115604,68],{"class":67},[57,115606,10276],{"class":238},[57,115608,7370],{"class":67},[57,115610,12963],{"class":63},[57,115612,68],{"class":67},[57,115614,12477],{"class":238},[57,115616,84],{"class":67},[57,115618,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115636,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,115620,64],{"class":63},[57,115622,68],{"class":67},[57,115624,10793],{"class":63},[57,115626,68],{"class":67},[57,115628,10276],{"class":238},[57,115630,2015],{"class":67},[57,115632,182],{"class":80},[57,115634,115635],{"class":67},"]),",[57,115637,12963],{"class":63},[57,115639,68],{"class":67},[57,115641,12477],{"class":238},[57,115643,2015],{"class":67},[57,115645,182],{"class":80},[57,115647,1091],{"class":67},[57,115649,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,115651,64],{"class":63},[57,115653,68],{"class":67},[57,115655,1315],{"class":990},[57,115657,68],{"class":67},[57,115659,10276],{"class":238},[57,115661,84],{"class":67},[15,115663,115664],{},"What they tell you:",[27,115666,115667,115672,115677,115682,115692],{},[30,115668,115669,115671],{},[19,115670,10337],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[30,115673,115674,115676],{},[19,115675,2808],{}," checks whether values are equal",[30,115678,115679,115681],{},[19,115680,41654],{}," shows the identity of an object",[30,115683,115684,115685,2511,115688,115691],{},"comparing ",[19,115686,115687],{},"id(original[0])",[19,115689,115690],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[30,115693,115694,115696],{},[19,115695,378],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[43,115698,1554],{"id":1553},[616,115700,115702],{"id":115701},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[15,115704,115705],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[616,115707,55440],{"id":55355},[15,115709,115710],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[616,115712,115714],{"id":115713},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[15,115716,115717],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[616,115719,115721],{"id":115720},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[15,115723,115724],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[616,115726,115728],{"id":115727},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[15,115730,115731],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[43,115733,1602],{"id":1601},[27,115735,115736,115741,115747,115753,115757],{},[30,115737,115738],{},[373,115739,115740],{"href":10208},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[30,115742,115743],{},[373,115744,1680,115745,8880],{"href":53130},[19,115746,53771],{},[30,115748,115749],{},[373,115750,1680,115751,8880],{"href":10575},[19,115752,10578],{},[30,115754,115755],{},[373,115756,13112],{"href":55390},[30,115758,115759],{},[373,115760,115761],{"href":56665},"What is a list in Python?",[1634,115763,115764],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":115766},[115767,115768,115769,115770,115771,115772,115777,115778,115779,115780,115781,115782,115789],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":114222,"depth":87,"text":114223},{"id":114243,"depth":87,"text":114244},{"id":114486,"depth":87,"text":114487},{"id":114626,"depth":87,"text":114627},{"id":114742,"depth":87,"text":114743,"children":115773},[115774,115775,115776],{"id":114749,"depth":103,"text":114750},{"id":114818,"depth":103,"text":114819},{"id":114917,"depth":103,"text":114918},{"id":115031,"depth":87,"text":115032},{"id":115163,"depth":87,"text":115164},{"id":115277,"depth":87,"text":115278},{"id":115443,"depth":87,"text":115444},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":115783},[115784,115785,115786,115787,115788],{"id":115701,"depth":103,"text":115702},{"id":55355,"depth":103,"text":55440},{"id":115713,"depth":103,"text":115714},{"id":115720,"depth":103,"text":115721},{"id":115727,"depth":103,"text":115728},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114023,"description":115790},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":115796,"title":115797,"body":115798,"description":117655,"extension":1666,"meta":117656,"navigation":317,"path":117657,"seo":117658,"stem":117659,"__hash__":117660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":115799,"toc":117613},[115800,115805,115810,115818,115820,115888,115893,115898,115913,115916,115918,115949,115951,115971,115974,115989,115991,115994,116067,116069,116114,116116,116127,116132,116136,116141,116144,116183,116185,116205,116208,116265,116267,116302,116305,116344,116346,116366,116369,116400,116402,116458,116460,116465,116536,116538,116571,116576,116581,116646,116648,116685,116688,116765,116767,116827,116834,116839,116842,116845,116926,116928,116969,116974,116977,117055,117057,117090,117099,117106,117109,117120,117123,117134,117138,117146,117155,117159,117164,117168,117173,117216,117219,117225,117228,117230,117277,117282,117286,117289,117338,117340,117361,117364,117366,117391,117394,117515,117520,117522,117527,117530,117535,117538,117546,117551,117558,117561,117569,117572,117574,117610],[11,115801,1680,115803,1684],{"id":115802},"python-sorted-function-explained",[19,115804,72597],{},[15,115806,115807,115809],{},[19,115808,72597],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[15,115811,115812,115813,256,115815,115817],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[19,115814,76040],{},[19,115816,72597],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[43,115819,1714],{"id":1713},[48,115821,115823],{"className":50,"code":115822,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[19,115824,115825,115845,115859,115863,115875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115826,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115828,1724],{"class":285},[57,115830,289],{"class":76},[57,115832,1729],{"class":67},[57,115834,122],{"class":80},[57,115836,1081],{"class":67},[57,115838,3622],{"class":80},[57,115840,1081],{"class":67},[57,115842,1084],{"class":80},[57,115844,1742],{"class":67},[57,115846,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,115848,300],{"class":285},[57,115850,289],{"class":76},[57,115852,72731],{"class":63},[57,115854,68],{"class":67},[57,115856,1756],{"class":238},[57,115858,242],{"class":67},[57,115860,115861],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,115862,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,115864,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,115866,64],{"class":63},[57,115868,68],{"class":67},[57,115870,339],{"class":238},[57,115872,1769],{"class":67},[57,115874,53858],{"class":1772},[57,115876,115877,115879,115881,115883,115885],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,115878,64],{"class":63},[57,115880,68],{"class":67},[57,115882,1756],{"class":238},[57,115884,1769],{"class":67},[57,115886,115887],{"class":1772},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,115889,115890,115892],{},[19,115891,72597],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[43,115894,1787,115896,1790],{"id":115895},"what-sorted-does",[19,115897,72597],{},[27,115899,115900,115904,115907,115910],{},[30,115901,115902,61098],{},[19,115903,72597],{},[30,115905,115906],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[30,115908,115909],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[30,115911,115912],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[15,115914,115915],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[43,115917,221],{"id":220},[48,115919,115921],{"className":50,"code":115920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[19,115922,115923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115924,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945,115947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115926,72687],{"class":63},[57,115928,68],{"class":67},[57,115930,1831],{"class":238},[57,115932,1081],{"class":67},[57,115934,19731],{"class":7312},[57,115936,289],{"class":76},[57,115938,1890],{"class":1965},[57,115940,1081],{"class":67},[57,115942,76243],{"class":7312},[57,115944,289],{"class":76},[57,115946,1783],{"class":1965},[57,115948,242],{"class":67},[616,115950,15544],{"id":15543},[27,115952,115953,115958,115963],{},[30,115954,115955,115957],{},[19,115956,1831],{},": the values to sort",[30,115959,115960,115962],{},[19,115961,12988],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[30,115964,115965,115967,115968,115970],{},[19,115966,71750],{},": set to ",[19,115969,1709],{}," to sort in descending order",[15,115972,115973],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[48,115975,115977],{"className":50,"code":115976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(my_values)\n",[19,115978,115979],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115980,115981,115983,115985,115987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115982,72687],{"class":63},[57,115984,68],{"class":67},[57,115986,58479],{"class":238},[57,115988,242],{"class":67},[43,115990,9617],{"id":9616},[15,115992,115993],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[48,115995,115997],{"className":50,"code":115996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,115998,115999,116023,116027,116042,116046,116057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116002,1724],{"class":285},[57,116004,289],{"class":76},[57,116006,1729],{"class":67},[57,116008,199],{"class":80},[57,116010,1081],{"class":67},[57,116012,1084],{"class":80},[57,116014,1081],{"class":67},[57,116016,4486],{"class":80},[57,116018,1081],{"class":67},[57,116020,3622],{"class":80},[57,116022,1742],{"class":67},[57,116024,116025],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116026,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,116028,116029,116032,116034,116036,116038,116040],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,116030,116031],{"class":285},"sorted_numbers ",[57,116033,289],{"class":76},[57,116035,72731],{"class":63},[57,116037,68],{"class":67},[57,116039,1756],{"class":238},[57,116041,242],{"class":67},[57,116043,116044],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,116045,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,116047,116048,116050,116052,116055],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,116049,64],{"class":63},[57,116051,68],{"class":67},[57,116053,116054],{"class":238},"sorted_numbers",[57,116056,242],{"class":67},[57,116058,116059,116061,116063,116065],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,116060,64],{"class":63},[57,116062,68],{"class":67},[57,116064,1756],{"class":238},[57,116066,242],{"class":67},[15,116068,131],{},[48,116070,116072],{"className":50,"code":116071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[19,116073,116074,116094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116075,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116077,2015],{"class":67},[57,116079,1078],{"class":80},[57,116081,1081],{"class":67},[57,116083,1084],{"class":80},[57,116085,1081],{"class":67},[57,116087,2724],{"class":80},[57,116089,1081],{"class":67},[57,116091,4486],{"class":80},[57,116093,1742],{"class":67},[57,116095,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116097,2015],{"class":67},[57,116099,199],{"class":80},[57,116101,1081],{"class":67},[57,116103,1084],{"class":80},[57,116105,1081],{"class":67},[57,116107,4486],{"class":80},[57,116109,1081],{"class":67},[57,116111,3622],{"class":80},[57,116113,1742],{"class":67},[15,116115,11909],{},[27,116117,116118,116123],{},[30,116119,116120,116122],{},[19,116121,116054],{}," is a new sorted list",[30,116124,116125,110659],{},[19,116126,1756],{},[15,116128,116129,116130,498],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[373,116131,76550],{"href":76549},[43,116133,116135],{"id":116134},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[15,116137,116138,116140],{},[19,116139,72597],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[616,116142,116143],{"id":6226},"List",[48,116145,116147],{"className":50,"code":116146,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[19,116148,116149,116169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116150,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116152,1724],{"class":285},[57,116154,289],{"class":76},[57,116156,1729],{"class":67},[57,116158,122],{"class":80},[57,116160,1081],{"class":67},[57,116162,3622],{"class":80},[57,116164,1081],{"class":67},[57,116166,1084],{"class":80},[57,116168,1742],{"class":67},[57,116170,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179,116181],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116172,64],{"class":63},[57,116174,68],{"class":67},[57,116176,72687],{"class":63},[57,116178,68],{"class":67},[57,116180,1756],{"class":238},[57,116182,84],{"class":67},[15,116184,131],{},[48,116186,116187],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,116188,116189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116190,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116192,2015],{"class":67},[57,116194,1078],{"class":80},[57,116196,1081],{"class":67},[57,116198,1084],{"class":80},[57,116200,1081],{"class":67},[57,116202,530],{"class":80},[57,116204,1742],{"class":67},[616,116206,116207],{"id":47121},"Tuple",[48,116209,116211],{"className":50,"code":116210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[19,116212,116213,116233,116247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116216,1935],{"class":285},[57,116218,289],{"class":76},[57,116220,7373],{"class":67},[57,116222,122],{"class":80},[57,116224,1081],{"class":67},[57,116226,3622],{"class":80},[57,116228,1081],{"class":67},[57,116230,1084],{"class":80},[57,116232,242],{"class":67},[57,116234,116235,116237,116239,116241,116243,116245],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116236,64],{"class":63},[57,116238,68],{"class":67},[57,116240,72687],{"class":63},[57,116242,68],{"class":67},[57,116244,3482],{"class":238},[57,116246,84],{"class":67},[57,116248,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,116250,64],{"class":63},[57,116252,68],{"class":67},[57,116254,1315],{"class":990},[57,116256,68],{"class":67},[57,116258,72687],{"class":63},[57,116260,68],{"class":67},[57,116262,3482],{"class":238},[57,116264,1001],{"class":67},[15,116266,131],{},[48,116268,116270],{"className":50,"code":116269,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[19,116271,116272,116288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116273,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116275,2015],{"class":67},[57,116277,1078],{"class":80},[57,116279,1081],{"class":67},[57,116281,1084],{"class":80},[57,116283,1081],{"class":67},[57,116285,530],{"class":80},[57,116287,1742],{"class":67},[57,116289,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116291,1384],{"class":76},[57,116293,1387],{"class":125},[57,116295,1390],{"class":938},[57,116297,6226],{"class":942},[57,116299,1395],{"class":938},[57,116301,1398],{"class":76},[616,116303,116304],{"id":4413},"Set",[48,116306,116308],{"className":50,"code":116307,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[19,116309,116310,116330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116311,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116313,1935],{"class":285},[57,116315,289],{"class":76},[57,116317,8629],{"class":67},[57,116319,122],{"class":80},[57,116321,1081],{"class":67},[57,116323,3622],{"class":80},[57,116325,1081],{"class":67},[57,116327,1084],{"class":80},[57,116329,7446],{"class":67},[57,116331,116332,116334,116336,116338,116340,116342],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116333,64],{"class":63},[57,116335,68],{"class":67},[57,116337,72687],{"class":63},[57,116339,68],{"class":67},[57,116341,3482],{"class":238},[57,116343,84],{"class":67},[15,116345,131],{},[48,116347,116348],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,116349,116350],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116351,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116353,2015],{"class":67},[57,116355,1078],{"class":80},[57,116357,1081],{"class":67},[57,116359,1084],{"class":80},[57,116361,1081],{"class":67},[57,116363,530],{"class":80},[57,116365,1742],{"class":67},[616,116367,116368],{"id":59346},"String",[48,116370,116372],{"className":50,"code":116371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[19,116373,116374,116386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116375,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116377,32846],{"class":285},[57,116379,289],{"class":76},[57,116381,1449],{"class":938},[57,116383,52],{"class":942},[57,116385,1455],{"class":938},[57,116387,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116389,64],{"class":63},[57,116391,68],{"class":67},[57,116393,72687],{"class":63},[57,116395,68],{"class":67},[57,116397,32867],{"class":238},[57,116399,84],{"class":67},[15,116401,131],{},[48,116403,116404],{"className":50,"code":77567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,116405,116406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116407,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116409,2015],{"class":67},[57,116411,1395],{"class":938},[57,116413,58610],{"class":942},[57,116415,1395],{"class":938},[57,116417,1081],{"class":67},[57,116419,1390],{"class":938},[57,116421,74203],{"class":942},[57,116423,1395],{"class":938},[57,116425,1081],{"class":67},[57,116427,1390],{"class":938},[57,116429,58645],{"class":942},[57,116431,1395],{"class":938},[57,116433,1081],{"class":67},[57,116435,1390],{"class":938},[57,116437,15],{"class":942},[57,116439,1395],{"class":938},[57,116441,1081],{"class":67},[57,116443,1390],{"class":938},[57,116445,61459],{"class":942},[57,116447,1395],{"class":938},[57,116449,1081],{"class":67},[57,116451,1390],{"class":938},[57,116453,9888],{"class":942},[57,116455,1395],{"class":938},[57,116457,1742],{"class":67},[616,116459,27378],{"id":13752},[15,116461,61712,116462,116464],{},[19,116463,72597],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[48,116466,116468],{"className":50,"code":116467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[19,116469,116470,116522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116471,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116473,11350],{"class":285},[57,116475,289],{"class":76},[57,116477,8629],{"class":67},[57,116479,939],{"class":938},[57,116481,5798],{"class":942},[57,116483,939],{"class":938},[57,116485,972],{"class":67},[57,116487,1449],{"class":938},[57,116489,11025],{"class":942},[57,116491,939],{"class":938},[57,116493,1081],{"class":67},[57,116495,1449],{"class":938},[57,116497,7436],{"class":942},[57,116499,939],{"class":938},[57,116501,972],{"class":67},[57,116503,5921],{"class":80},[57,116505,1081],{"class":67},[57,116507,1449],{"class":938},[57,116509,8547],{"class":942},[57,116511,939],{"class":938},[57,116513,972],{"class":67},[57,116515,1449],{"class":938},[57,116517,14179],{"class":942},[57,116519,939],{"class":938},[57,116521,7446],{"class":67},[57,116523,116524,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116525,64],{"class":63},[57,116527,68],{"class":67},[57,116529,72687],{"class":63},[57,116531,68],{"class":67},[57,116533,15456],{"class":238},[57,116535,84],{"class":67},[15,116537,131],{},[48,116539,116541],{"className":50,"code":116540,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[19,116542,116543],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116544,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559,116561,116563,116565,116567,116569],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116546,2015],{"class":67},[57,116548,1395],{"class":938},[57,116550,7436],{"class":942},[57,116552,1395],{"class":938},[57,116554,1081],{"class":67},[57,116556,1390],{"class":938},[57,116558,8547],{"class":942},[57,116560,1395],{"class":938},[57,116562,1081],{"class":67},[57,116564,1390],{"class":938},[57,116566,5798],{"class":942},[57,116568,1395],{"class":938},[57,116570,1742],{"class":67},[43,116572,6551,116574],{"id":116573},"using-reversetrue",[19,116575,76264],{},[15,116577,154,116578,116580],{},[19,116579,76264],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[48,116582,116584],{"className":50,"code":116583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[19,116585,116586,116606,116610,116624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116587,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116589,1724],{"class":285},[57,116591,289],{"class":76},[57,116593,1729],{"class":67},[57,116595,122],{"class":80},[57,116597,1081],{"class":67},[57,116599,3622],{"class":80},[57,116601,1081],{"class":67},[57,116603,1084],{"class":80},[57,116605,1742],{"class":67},[57,116607,116608],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116609,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,116611,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,116613,64],{"class":63},[57,116615,68],{"class":67},[57,116617,72687],{"class":63},[57,116619,68],{"class":67},[57,116621,1756],{"class":238},[57,116623,84],{"class":67},[57,116625,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,116627,64],{"class":63},[57,116629,68],{"class":67},[57,116631,72687],{"class":63},[57,116633,68],{"class":67},[57,116635,1756],{"class":238},[57,116637,1081],{"class":67},[57,116639,76243],{"class":7312},[57,116641,289],{"class":76},[57,116643,1709],{"class":1965},[57,116645,84],{"class":67},[15,116647,131],{},[48,116649,116651],{"className":50,"code":116650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[19,116652,116653,116669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116654,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116656,2015],{"class":67},[57,116658,1078],{"class":80},[57,116660,1081],{"class":67},[57,116662,1084],{"class":80},[57,116664,1081],{"class":67},[57,116666,530],{"class":80},[57,116668,1742],{"class":67},[57,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116672,2015],{"class":67},[57,116674,122],{"class":80},[57,116676,1081],{"class":67},[57,116678,1084],{"class":80},[57,116680,1081],{"class":67},[57,116682,3622],{"class":80},[57,116684,1742],{"class":67},[15,116686,116687],{},"This also works with strings:",[48,116689,116691],{"className":50,"code":116690,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[19,116692,116693,116725,116729,116743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116694,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116696,2186],{"class":285},[57,116698,289],{"class":76},[57,116700,1729],{"class":67},[57,116702,939],{"class":938},[57,116704,2195],{"class":942},[57,116706,939],{"class":938},[57,116708,1081],{"class":67},[57,116710,1449],{"class":938},[57,116712,2204],{"class":942},[57,116714,939],{"class":938},[57,116716,1081],{"class":67},[57,116718,1449],{"class":938},[57,116720,2213],{"class":942},[57,116722,939],{"class":938},[57,116724,1742],{"class":67},[57,116726,116727],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116728,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,116730,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,116732,64],{"class":63},[57,116734,68],{"class":67},[57,116736,72687],{"class":63},[57,116738,68],{"class":67},[57,116740,2230],{"class":238},[57,116742,84],{"class":67},[57,116744,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,116746,64],{"class":63},[57,116748,68],{"class":67},[57,116750,72687],{"class":63},[57,116752,68],{"class":67},[57,116754,2230],{"class":238},[57,116756,1081],{"class":67},[57,116758,76243],{"class":7312},[57,116760,289],{"class":76},[57,116762,1709],{"class":1965},[57,116764,84],{"class":67},[15,116766,131],{},[48,116768,116769],{"className":50,"code":72331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,116770,116771,116799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116772,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116774,2015],{"class":67},[57,116776,1395],{"class":938},[57,116778,2195],{"class":942},[57,116780,1395],{"class":938},[57,116782,1081],{"class":67},[57,116784,1390],{"class":938},[57,116786,2204],{"class":942},[57,116788,1395],{"class":938},[57,116790,1081],{"class":67},[57,116792,1390],{"class":938},[57,116794,2213],{"class":942},[57,116796,1395],{"class":938},[57,116798,1742],{"class":67},[57,116800,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116802,2015],{"class":67},[57,116804,1395],{"class":938},[57,116806,2213],{"class":942},[57,116808,1395],{"class":938},[57,116810,1081],{"class":67},[57,116812,1390],{"class":938},[57,116814,2204],{"class":942},[57,116816,1395],{"class":938},[57,116818,1081],{"class":67},[57,116820,1390],{"class":938},[57,116822,2195],{"class":942},[57,116824,1395],{"class":938},[57,116826,1742],{"class":67},[43,116828,6551,116830,116833],{"id":116829},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[19,116831,116832],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[15,116835,17,116836,116838],{},[19,116837,116832],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[15,116840,116841],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[15,116843,116844],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[48,116846,116848],{"className":50,"code":116847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[19,116849,116850,116890,116894,116916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116851,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116853,2186],{"class":285},[57,116855,289],{"class":76},[57,116857,1729],{"class":67},[57,116859,939],{"class":938},[57,116861,76917],{"class":942},[57,116863,939],{"class":938},[57,116865,1081],{"class":67},[57,116867,1449],{"class":938},[57,116869,36521],{"class":942},[57,116871,939],{"class":938},[57,116873,1081],{"class":67},[57,116875,1449],{"class":938},[57,116877,2204],{"class":942},[57,116879,939],{"class":938},[57,116881,1081],{"class":67},[57,116883,1449],{"class":938},[57,116885,36504],{"class":942},[57,116887,939],{"class":938},[57,116889,1742],{"class":67},[57,116891,116892],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,116893,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,116895,116896,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,116897,300],{"class":285},[57,116899,289],{"class":76},[57,116901,72731],{"class":63},[57,116903,68],{"class":67},[57,116905,2230],{"class":238},[57,116907,1081],{"class":67},[57,116909,19731],{"class":7312},[57,116911,289],{"class":76},[57,116913,9302],{"class":63},[57,116915,242],{"class":67},[57,116917,116918,116920,116922,116924],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,116919,64],{"class":63},[57,116921,68],{"class":67},[57,116923,339],{"class":238},[57,116925,242],{"class":67},[15,116927,131],{},[48,116929,116931],{"className":50,"code":116930,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[19,116932,116933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116934,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116936,2015],{"class":67},[57,116938,1395],{"class":938},[57,116940,36521],{"class":942},[57,116942,1395],{"class":938},[57,116944,1081],{"class":67},[57,116946,1390],{"class":938},[57,116948,76917],{"class":942},[57,116950,1395],{"class":938},[57,116952,1081],{"class":67},[57,116954,1390],{"class":938},[57,116956,36504],{"class":942},[57,116958,1395],{"class":938},[57,116960,1081],{"class":67},[57,116962,1390],{"class":938},[57,116964,2204],{"class":942},[57,116966,1395],{"class":938},[57,116968,1742],{"class":67},[15,116970,18922,116971,116973],{},[19,116972,9302],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[15,116975,116976],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[48,116978,116980],{"className":50,"code":116979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[19,116981,116982,117015,117019,117045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116983,116984,116986,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008,117011,117013],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116985,2186],{"class":285},[57,116987,289],{"class":76},[57,116989,1729],{"class":67},[57,116991,939],{"class":938},[57,116993,81536],{"class":942},[57,116995,939],{"class":938},[57,116997,1081],{"class":67},[57,116999,1449],{"class":938},[57,117001,2195],{"class":942},[57,117003,939],{"class":938},[57,117005,1081],{"class":67},[57,117007,1449],{"class":938},[57,117009,117010],{"class":942},"Cherry",[57,117012,939],{"class":938},[57,117014,1742],{"class":67},[57,117016,117017],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117018,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,117020,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039,117041,117043],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,117022,300],{"class":285},[57,117024,289],{"class":76},[57,117026,72731],{"class":63},[57,117028,68],{"class":67},[57,117030,2230],{"class":238},[57,117032,1081],{"class":67},[57,117034,19731],{"class":7312},[57,117036,289],{"class":76},[57,117038,1541],{"class":990},[57,117040,498],{"class":67},[57,117042,6775],{"class":22903},[57,117044,242],{"class":67},[57,117046,117047,117049,117051,117053],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,117048,64],{"class":63},[57,117050,68],{"class":67},[57,117052,339],{"class":238},[57,117054,242],{"class":67},[15,117056,131],{},[48,117058,117060],{"className":50,"code":117059,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[19,117061,117062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117063,117064,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117065,2015],{"class":67},[57,117067,1395],{"class":938},[57,117069,2195],{"class":942},[57,117071,1395],{"class":938},[57,117073,1081],{"class":67},[57,117075,1390],{"class":938},[57,117077,81536],{"class":942},[57,117079,1395],{"class":938},[57,117081,1081],{"class":67},[57,117083,1390],{"class":938},[57,117085,117010],{"class":942},[57,117087,1395],{"class":938},[57,117089,1742],{"class":67},[15,117091,117092,117093,33489,117095,498],{},"You can learn more about ",[19,117094,40526],{},[373,117096,1680,117097,1611],{"href":40523},[19,117098,40526],{},[43,117100,117102,8724,117104],{"id":117101},"sorted-vs-listsort",[19,117103,72597],{},[19,117105,76040],{},[15,117107,117108],{},"The main difference is this:",[27,117110,117111,117116],{},[30,117112,117113,117115],{},[19,117114,72597],{}," returns a new list",[30,117117,117118,72135],{},[19,117119,76040],{},[15,117121,117122],{},"Also:",[27,117124,117125,117130],{},[30,117126,117127,117129],{},[19,117128,72597],{}," works with many iterables",[30,117131,117132,77473],{},[19,117133,76040],{},[15,117135,154,117136,8740],{},[19,117137,72597],{},[27,117139,117140,117143],{},[30,117141,117142],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[30,117144,117145],{},"your data is not a list",[15,117147,117148,117149,498],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[373,117150,1680,117151,8724,117153,3908],{"href":77298},[19,117152,72597],{},[19,117154,76040],{},[43,117156,117158],{"id":117157},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[15,117160,117161,117162,498],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[19,117163,72597],{},[616,117165,117167],{"id":117166},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[15,117169,117170,117171,972],{},"This can raise a ",[19,117172,1097],{},[48,117174,117176],{"className":50,"code":117175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[19,117177,117178,117202],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117179,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117181,1935],{"class":285},[57,117183,289],{"class":76},[57,117185,1729],{"class":67},[57,117187,1078],{"class":80},[57,117189,1081],{"class":67},[57,117191,1449],{"class":938},[57,117193,116],{"class":942},[57,117195,939],{"class":938},[57,117197,1081],{"class":67},[57,117199,530],{"class":80},[57,117201,1742],{"class":67},[57,117203,117204,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117205,64],{"class":63},[57,117207,68],{"class":67},[57,117209,72687],{"class":63},[57,117211,68],{"class":67},[57,117213,3482],{"class":238},[57,117215,84],{"class":67},[15,117217,117218],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[616,117220,117222,117223,379],{"id":117221},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[19,117224,12988],{},[15,117226,117227],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[15,117229,275],{},[48,117231,117233],{"className":50,"code":117232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[19,117234,117235,117255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117236,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117238,1724],{"class":285},[57,117240,289],{"class":76},[57,117242,1729],{"class":67},[57,117244,407],{"class":80},[57,117246,1081],{"class":67},[57,117248,1084],{"class":80},[57,117250,1081],{"class":67},[57,117252,5926],{"class":80},[57,117254,1742],{"class":67},[57,117256,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117258,64],{"class":63},[57,117260,68],{"class":67},[57,117262,72687],{"class":63},[57,117264,68],{"class":67},[57,117266,1756],{"class":238},[57,117268,1081],{"class":67},[57,117270,19731],{"class":7312},[57,117272,289],{"class":76},[57,117274,9302],{"class":63},[57,117276,84],{"class":67},[15,117278,46678,117279,117281],{},[19,117280,40526],{}," does not work on integers.",[616,117283,117285],{"id":117284},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[15,117287,117288],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,117290,117292],{"className":50,"code":117291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,117293,117294,117314,117324,117328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117295,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117297,1724],{"class":285},[57,117299,289],{"class":76},[57,117301,1729],{"class":67},[57,117303,122],{"class":80},[57,117305,1081],{"class":67},[57,117307,3622],{"class":80},[57,117309,1081],{"class":67},[57,117311,1084],{"class":80},[57,117313,1742],{"class":67},[57,117315,117316,117318,117320,117322],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117317,72687],{"class":63},[57,117319,68],{"class":67},[57,117321,1756],{"class":238},[57,117323,242],{"class":67},[57,117325,117326],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,117327,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,117329,117330,117332,117334,117336],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,117331,64],{"class":63},[57,117333,68],{"class":67},[57,117335,1756],{"class":238},[57,117337,242],{"class":67},[15,117339,131],{},[48,117341,117343],{"className":50,"code":117342,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[19,117344,117345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117346,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117348,2015],{"class":67},[57,117350,122],{"class":80},[57,117352,1081],{"class":67},[57,117354,3622],{"class":80},[57,117356,1081],{"class":67},[57,117358,1084],{"class":80},[57,117360,1742],{"class":67},[15,117362,117363],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[43,117365,913],{"id":912},[27,117367,117368,117372,117375,117380,117384],{},[30,117369,2698,117370,72135],{},[19,117371,72597],{},[30,117373,117374],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[30,117376,2824,117377,117379],{},[19,117378,72597],{}," always returns a list",[30,117381,6551,117382,21256],{},[19,117383,116832],{},[30,117385,27805,117386,117388,117389],{},[19,117387,62484],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[19,117390,72597],{},[15,117392,117393],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[48,117395,117397],{"className":50,"code":117396,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[19,117398,117399,117421,117447,117485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117400,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415,117417,117419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117402,64],{"class":63},[57,117404,68],{"class":67},[57,117406,72687],{"class":63},[57,117408,1075],{"class":67},[57,117410,122],{"class":80},[57,117412,1081],{"class":67},[57,117414,3622],{"class":80},[57,117416,1081],{"class":67},[57,117418,1084],{"class":80},[57,117420,1091],{"class":67},[57,117422,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117424,64],{"class":63},[57,117426,68],{"class":67},[57,117428,1315],{"class":990},[57,117430,68],{"class":67},[57,117432,72687],{"class":63},[57,117434,3635],{"class":67},[57,117436,122],{"class":80},[57,117438,1081],{"class":67},[57,117440,3622],{"class":80},[57,117442,1081],{"class":67},[57,117444,1084],{"class":80},[57,117446,91540],{"class":67},[57,117448,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479,117481,117483],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,117450,64],{"class":63},[57,117452,68],{"class":67},[57,117454,72687],{"class":63},[57,117456,1075],{"class":67},[57,117458,1395],{"class":938},[57,117460,81536],{"class":942},[57,117462,1395],{"class":938},[57,117464,1081],{"class":67},[57,117466,1390],{"class":938},[57,117468,2195],{"class":942},[57,117470,1395],{"class":938},[57,117472,16212],{"class":67},[57,117474,19731],{"class":7312},[57,117476,289],{"class":76},[57,117478,1541],{"class":990},[57,117480,498],{"class":67},[57,117482,6775],{"class":22903},[57,117484,84],{"class":67},[57,117486,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509,117511,117513],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,117488,64],{"class":63},[57,117490,68],{"class":67},[57,117492,72687],{"class":63},[57,117494,1075],{"class":67},[57,117496,122],{"class":80},[57,117498,1081],{"class":67},[57,117500,3622],{"class":80},[57,117502,1081],{"class":67},[57,117504,1084],{"class":80},[57,117506,16212],{"class":67},[57,117508,76243],{"class":7312},[57,117510,289],{"class":76},[57,117512,1709],{"class":1965},[57,117514,84],{"class":67},[15,117516,117517,117518,498],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[373,117519,50941],{"href":49148},[43,117521,1554],{"id":1553},[616,117523,10848,117525,55334],{"id":117524},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[19,117526,72597],{},[15,117528,117529],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[616,117531,3264,117533,10860],{"id":117532},"what-does-sorted-return",[19,117534,72597],{},[15,117536,117537],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[616,117539,117541,117542,9232,117544,572],{"id":117540},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[19,117543,72597],{},[19,117545,76040],{},[15,117547,154,117548,117550],{},[19,117549,72597],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[616,117552,3264,117554,84624,117556,572],{"id":117553},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[19,117555,116832],{},[19,117557,72597],{},[15,117559,117560],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[616,117562,3280,117564,117566,117567,572],{"id":117563},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[19,117565,72597],{}," give a ",[19,117568,1097],{},[15,117570,117571],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[43,117573,1602],{"id":1601},[27,117575,117576,117580,117588,117592,117598,117604],{},[30,117577,117578],{},[373,117579,78046],{"href":76549},[30,117581,117582],{},[373,117583,1680,117584,8724,117586,3908],{"href":77298},[19,117585,72597],{},[19,117587,76040],{},[30,117589,117590],{},[373,117591,50941],{"href":49148},[30,117593,117594],{},[373,117595,1680,117596,1611],{"href":40523},[19,117597,40526],{},[30,117599,117600],{},[373,117601,1680,117602,1611],{"href":90196},[19,117603,33909],{},[30,117605,117606],{},[373,117607,1680,117608,1611],{"href":34356},[19,117609,34359],{},[1634,117611,117612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":117614},[117615,117616,117618,117621,117622,117629,117631,117633,117635,117641,117642,117654],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":115895,"depth":87,"text":117617},"What sorted() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":117619},[117620],{"id":15543,"depth":103,"text":15544},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":116134,"depth":87,"text":116135,"children":117623},[117624,117625,117626,117627,117628],{"id":6226,"depth":103,"text":116143},{"id":47121,"depth":103,"text":116207},{"id":4413,"depth":103,"text":116304},{"id":59346,"depth":103,"text":116368},{"id":13752,"depth":103,"text":27378},{"id":116573,"depth":87,"text":117630},"Using reverse=True",{"id":116829,"depth":87,"text":117632},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":117101,"depth":87,"text":117634},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":117157,"depth":87,"text":117158,"children":117636},[117637,117638,117640],{"id":117166,"depth":103,"text":117167},{"id":117221,"depth":103,"text":117639},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":117284,"depth":103,"text":117285},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":117643},[117644,117646,117648,117650,117652],{"id":117524,"depth":103,"text":117645},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":117532,"depth":103,"text":117647},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":117540,"depth":103,"text":117649},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":117553,"depth":103,"text":117651},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":117563,"depth":103,"text":117653},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":115797,"description":117655},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":117662,"title":117663,"body":117664,"description":119775,"extension":1666,"meta":119776,"navigation":317,"path":77298,"seo":119777,"stem":119778,"__hash__":119779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":8,"value":117665,"toc":119722},[117666,117673,117676,117686,117692,117695,117713,117721,117723,117782,117790,117794,117816,117820,117824,117826,117843,117845,117857,117863,117947,117951,117998,118004,118011,118015,118020,118022,118034,118039,118092,118096,118116,118123,118130,118134,118137,118156,118160,118274,118278,118348,118350,118362,118367,118371,118384,118388,118463,118467,118506,118513,118519,118524,118528,118542,118546,118611,118615,118648,118651,118656,118664,118671,118684,118687,118691,118774,118778,118815,118819,118922,118926,118987,118992,118999,119003,119006,119012,119015,119082,119086,119110,119112,119130,119137,119190,119194,119214,119220,119222,119279,119286,119312,119317,119322,119330,119336,119396,119400,119447,119450,119452,119455,119481,119484,119577,119579,119599,119603,119606,119624,119630,119632,119640,119645,119652,119655,119661,119664,119670,119678,119686,119691,119693,119719],[11,117667,1680,117669,8724,117671,91254],{"id":117668},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[19,117670,72597],{},[19,117672,76040],{},[15,117674,117675],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[27,117677,117678,117682],{},[30,117679,117680],{},[19,117681,72597],{},[30,117683,117684],{},[19,117685,76040],{},[15,117687,117688,117689,117691],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[1854,117690,2750],{}," behave the same way.",[15,117693,117694],{},"The main difference is simple:",[27,117696,117697,117705],{},[30,117698,154,117699,117701,117702],{},[19,117700,72597],{}," when you want a ",[1854,117703,117704],{},"new sorted result",[30,117706,154,117707,117709,117710],{},[19,117708,76040],{}," when you want to ",[1854,117711,117712],{},"change the original list",[15,117714,117715,117716,474,117718,117720],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[19,117717,76040],{},[19,117719,1890],{}," and causes confusion.",[43,117722,1714],{"id":1713},[48,117724,117726],{"className":50,"code":117725,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[19,117727,117728,117748,117752,117769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117729,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117731,1724],{"class":285},[57,117733,289],{"class":76},[57,117735,1729],{"class":67},[57,117737,122],{"class":80},[57,117739,1081],{"class":67},[57,117741,3622],{"class":80},[57,117743,1081],{"class":67},[57,117745,1084],{"class":80},[57,117747,1742],{"class":67},[57,117749,117750],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117751,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,117753,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,117755,54060],{"class":285},[57,117757,289],{"class":76},[57,117759,72731],{"class":63},[57,117761,68],{"class":67},[57,117763,1756],{"class":238},[57,117765,1769],{"class":67},[57,117767,117768],{"class":1772},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[57,117770,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,117772,1756],{"class":285},[57,117774,498],{"class":67},[57,117776,32958],{"class":238},[57,117778,5495],{"class":67},[57,117780,117781],{"class":1772},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,117783,154,117784,117786,117787,117789],{},[19,117785,72597],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[19,117788,76040],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[43,117791,117793],{"id":117792},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[27,117795,117796,117801,117806,117813],{},[30,117797,154,117798,117800],{},[19,117799,72597],{}," to get a new sorted list",[30,117802,154,117803,117805],{},[19,117804,76040],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[30,117807,117808,117809,474,117811],{},"Understand why ",[19,117810,76040],{},[19,117812,1890],{},[30,117814,117815],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[43,117817,1787,117818,1790],{"id":115895},[19,117819,72597],{},[15,117821,117822,61098],{},[19,117823,72597],{},[15,117825,47095],{},[27,117827,117828,117834,117840],{},[30,117829,117830,117831],{},"returns a ",[1854,117832,117833],{},"new list",[30,117835,117836,117837,117839],{},"does ",[1854,117838,2750],{}," change the original data",[30,117841,117842],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[15,117844,49302],{},[27,117846,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855],{},[30,117848,3423],{},[30,117850,3426],{},[30,117852,3432],{},[30,117854,3429],{},[30,117856,34070],{},[616,117858,33237,117860,117862],{"id":117859},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[19,117861,72597],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[48,117864,117866],{"className":50,"code":117865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[19,117867,117868,117888,117892,117906,117910,117928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117869,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117871,1724],{"class":285},[57,117873,289],{"class":76},[57,117875,1729],{"class":67},[57,117877,122],{"class":80},[57,117879,1081],{"class":67},[57,117881,3622],{"class":80},[57,117883,1081],{"class":67},[57,117885,1084],{"class":80},[57,117887,1742],{"class":67},[57,117889,117890],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117891,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,117893,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,117895,300],{"class":285},[57,117897,289],{"class":76},[57,117899,72731],{"class":63},[57,117901,68],{"class":67},[57,117903,1756],{"class":238},[57,117905,242],{"class":67},[57,117907,117908],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,117909,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,117911,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,117913,64],{"class":63},[57,117915,68],{"class":67},[57,117917,939],{"class":938},[57,117919,10297],{"class":942},[57,117921,939],{"class":938},[57,117923,1081],{"class":67},[57,117925,2380],{"class":238},[57,117927,242],{"class":67},[57,117929,117930,117932,117934,117936,117939,117941,117943,117945],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,117931,64],{"class":63},[57,117933,68],{"class":67},[57,117935,939],{"class":938},[57,117937,117938],{"class":942},"sorted result:",[57,117940,939],{"class":938},[57,117942,1081],{"class":67},[57,117944,79390],{"class":238},[57,117946,242],{"class":67},[15,117948,117949],{},[1854,117950,131],{},[48,117952,117954],{"className":50,"code":117953,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[19,117955,117956,117976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117957,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117959,10276],{"class":285},[57,117961,972],{"class":67},[57,117963,1729],{"class":67},[57,117965,122],{"class":80},[57,117967,1081],{"class":67},[57,117969,3622],{"class":80},[57,117971,1081],{"class":67},[57,117973,1084],{"class":80},[57,117975,1742],{"class":67},[57,117977,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,117979,72687],{"class":63},[57,117981,79390],{"class":285},[57,117983,972],{"class":67},[57,117985,1729],{"class":67},[57,117987,1078],{"class":80},[57,117989,1081],{"class":67},[57,117991,1084],{"class":80},[57,117993,1081],{"class":67},[57,117995,530],{"class":80},[57,117997,1742],{"class":67},[15,117999,118000,118001,118003],{},"The important part is that ",[19,118002,1756],{}," stays the same.",[15,118005,118006,118007,498],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[373,118008,1680,118009,1611],{"href":72694},[19,118010,72597],{},[43,118012,1787,118013,1790],{"id":76106},[19,118014,76040],{},[15,118016,118017,118019],{},[19,118018,62484],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[15,118021,47095],{},[27,118023,118024,118027,118030],{},[30,118025,118026],{},"changes the original list directly",[30,118028,118029],{},"only works on lists",[30,118031,1802,118032],{},[19,118033,1890],{},[616,118035,33237,118037,72135],{"id":118036},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[19,118038,76040],{},[48,118040,118042],{"className":50,"code":118041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,118043,118044,118064,118068,118078,118082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118045,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118047,1724],{"class":285},[57,118049,289],{"class":76},[57,118051,1729],{"class":67},[57,118053,122],{"class":80},[57,118055,1081],{"class":67},[57,118057,3622],{"class":80},[57,118059,1081],{"class":67},[57,118061,1084],{"class":80},[57,118063,1742],{"class":67},[57,118065,118066],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118067,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118069,118070,118072,118074,118076],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,118071,1756],{"class":285},[57,118073,498],{"class":67},[57,118075,32958],{"class":238},[57,118077,6778],{"class":67},[57,118079,118080],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,118081,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118083,118084,118086,118088,118090],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,118085,64],{"class":63},[57,118087,68],{"class":67},[57,118089,1756],{"class":238},[57,118091,242],{"class":67},[15,118093,118094],{},[1854,118095,131],{},[48,118097,118098],{"className":50,"code":53320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,118099,118100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118101,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118103,2015],{"class":67},[57,118105,1078],{"class":80},[57,118107,1081],{"class":67},[57,118109,1084],{"class":80},[57,118111,1081],{"class":67},[57,118113,530],{"class":80},[57,118115,1742],{"class":67},[15,118117,118118,118119,118122],{},"After calling ",[19,118120,118121],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[15,118124,118125,118126,498],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[373,118127,1680,118128,8880],{"href":72948},[19,118129,76040],{},[43,118131,118133],{"id":118132},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[15,118135,118136],{},"Here is the core difference:",[27,118138,118139,118148],{},[30,118140,118141,118144,118145],{},[19,118142,118143],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[1854,118146,118147],{},"new sorted list",[30,118149,118150,118153,118154,72505],{},[19,118151,118152],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[19,118155,6472],{},[616,118157,118159],{"id":118158},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[48,118161,118163],{"className":50,"code":118162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[19,118164,118165,118185,118189,118203,118222,118241,118245,118255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118166,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118168,1724],{"class":285},[57,118170,289],{"class":76},[57,118172,1729],{"class":67},[57,118174,199],{"class":80},[57,118176,1081],{"class":67},[57,118178,1084],{"class":80},[57,118180,1081],{"class":67},[57,118182,536],{"class":80},[57,118184,1742],{"class":67},[57,118186,118187],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118188,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118190,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,118192,636],{"class":285},[57,118194,289],{"class":76},[57,118196,72731],{"class":63},[57,118198,68],{"class":67},[57,118200,1756],{"class":238},[57,118202,242],{"class":67},[57,118204,118205,118207,118209,118211,118214,118216,118218,118220],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,118206,64],{"class":63},[57,118208,68],{"class":67},[57,118210,939],{"class":938},[57,118212,118213],{"class":942},"numbers after sorted():",[57,118215,939],{"class":938},[57,118217,1081],{"class":67},[57,118219,2380],{"class":238},[57,118221,242],{"class":67},[57,118223,118224,118226,118228,118230,118233,118235,118237,118239],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,118225,64],{"class":63},[57,118227,68],{"class":67},[57,118229,939],{"class":938},[57,118231,118232],{"class":942},"a:",[57,118234,939],{"class":938},[57,118236,1081],{"class":67},[57,118238,55058],{"class":238},[57,118240,242],{"class":67},[57,118242,118243],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,118244,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118246,118247,118249,118251,118253],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,118248,1756],{"class":285},[57,118250,498],{"class":67},[57,118252,32958],{"class":238},[57,118254,6778],{"class":67},[57,118256,118257,118259,118261,118263,118266,118268,118270,118272],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,118258,64],{"class":63},[57,118260,68],{"class":67},[57,118262,939],{"class":938},[57,118264,118265],{"class":942},"numbers after sort():",[57,118267,939],{"class":938},[57,118269,1081],{"class":67},[57,118271,2380],{"class":238},[57,118273,242],{"class":67},[15,118275,118276],{},[1854,118277,131],{},[48,118279,118281],{"className":50,"code":118280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[19,118282,118283,118306,118326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118284,118285,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118286,118287],{"class":285},"numbers after ",[57,118289,72687],{"class":63},[57,118291,27739],{"class":67},[57,118293,1729],{"class":67},[57,118295,199],{"class":80},[57,118297,1081],{"class":67},[57,118299,1084],{"class":80},[57,118301,1081],{"class":67},[57,118303,536],{"class":80},[57,118305,1742],{"class":67},[57,118307,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118309,373],{"class":285},[57,118311,972],{"class":67},[57,118313,1729],{"class":67},[57,118315,116],{"class":80},[57,118317,1081],{"class":67},[57,118319,536],{"class":80},[57,118321,1081],{"class":67},[57,118323,2724],{"class":80},[57,118325,1742],{"class":67},[57,118327,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,118329,118287],{"class":285},[57,118331,32958],{"class":238},[57,118333,27739],{"class":67},[57,118335,1729],{"class":67},[57,118337,116],{"class":80},[57,118339,1081],{"class":67},[57,118341,536],{"class":80},[57,118343,1081],{"class":67},[57,118345,2724],{"class":80},[57,118347,1742],{"class":67},[15,118349,8852],{},[27,118351,118352,118357],{},[30,118353,118354,118356],{},[19,118355,72597],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[30,118358,118359,118361],{},[19,118360,62484],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[43,118363,3082,118365],{"id":118364},"when-to-use-sorted",[19,118366,72597],{},[15,118368,154,118369,8740],{},[19,118370,72597],{},[27,118372,118373,118376,118378,118381],{},[30,118374,118375],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[30,118377,117145],{},[30,118379,118380],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[30,118382,118383],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[616,118385,118387],{"id":118386},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[48,118389,118391],{"className":50,"code":118390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,118392,118393,118417,118421,118435,118439,118449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118394,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118396,1724],{"class":285},[57,118398,289],{"class":76},[57,118400,7373],{"class":67},[57,118402,585],{"class":80},[57,118404,1081],{"class":67},[57,118406,3622],{"class":80},[57,118408,1081],{"class":67},[57,118410,530],{"class":80},[57,118412,1081],{"class":67},[57,118414,1084],{"class":80},[57,118416,242],{"class":67},[57,118418,118419],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118420,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118422,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,118424,300],{"class":285},[57,118426,289],{"class":76},[57,118428,72731],{"class":63},[57,118430,68],{"class":67},[57,118432,1756],{"class":238},[57,118434,242],{"class":67},[57,118436,118437],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,118438,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118440,118441,118443,118445,118447],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,118442,64],{"class":63},[57,118444,68],{"class":67},[57,118446,339],{"class":238},[57,118448,242],{"class":67},[57,118450,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,118452,64],{"class":63},[57,118454,68],{"class":67},[57,118456,1315],{"class":990},[57,118458,68],{"class":67},[57,118460,339],{"class":238},[57,118462,84],{"class":67},[15,118464,118465],{},[1854,118466,131],{},[48,118468,118470],{"className":50,"code":118469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[19,118471,118472,118492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118473,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118475,2015],{"class":67},[57,118477,1078],{"class":80},[57,118479,1081],{"class":67},[57,118481,1084],{"class":80},[57,118483,1081],{"class":67},[57,118485,530],{"class":80},[57,118487,1081],{"class":67},[57,118489,536],{"class":80},[57,118491,1742],{"class":67},[57,118493,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118495,1384],{"class":76},[57,118497,1387],{"class":125},[57,118499,1390],{"class":938},[57,118501,6226],{"class":942},[57,118503,1395],{"class":938},[57,118505,1398],{"class":76},[15,118507,361,118508,118510,118511,498],{},[19,118509,72597],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[1854,118512,6226],{},[15,118514,118515,118516,118518],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[373,118517,50941],{"href":49148}," is a helpful next step.",[43,118520,3082,118522],{"id":118521},"when-to-use-listsort",[19,118523,76040],{},[15,118525,154,118526,8740],{},[19,118527,76040],{},[27,118529,118530,118533,118536,118539],{},[30,118531,118532],{},"you already have a list",[30,118534,118535],{},"you want to update that list directly",[30,118537,118538],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[30,118540,118541],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[616,118543,118545],{"id":118544},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[48,118547,118549],{"className":50,"code":118548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[19,118550,118551,118583,118587,118597,118601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118552,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118554,3116],{"class":285},[57,118556,289],{"class":76},[57,118558,1729],{"class":67},[57,118560,939],{"class":938},[57,118562,3143],{"class":942},[57,118564,939],{"class":938},[57,118566,1081],{"class":67},[57,118568,1449],{"class":938},[57,118570,3125],{"class":942},[57,118572,939],{"class":938},[57,118574,1081],{"class":67},[57,118576,1449],{"class":938},[57,118578,3134],{"class":942},[57,118580,939],{"class":938},[57,118582,1742],{"class":67},[57,118584,118585],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118586,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118588,118589,118591,118593,118595],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,118590,3160],{"class":285},[57,118592,498],{"class":67},[57,118594,32958],{"class":238},[57,118596,6778],{"class":67},[57,118598,118599],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,118600,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118602,118603,118605,118607,118609],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,118604,64],{"class":63},[57,118606,68],{"class":67},[57,118608,3160],{"class":238},[57,118610,242],{"class":67},[15,118612,118613],{},[1854,118614,131],{},[48,118616,118618],{"className":50,"code":118617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[19,118619,118620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118621,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118623,2015],{"class":67},[57,118625,1395],{"class":938},[57,118627,3125],{"class":942},[57,118629,1395],{"class":938},[57,118631,1081],{"class":67},[57,118633,1390],{"class":938},[57,118635,3134],{"class":942},[57,118637,1395],{"class":938},[57,118639,1081],{"class":67},[57,118641,1390],{"class":938},[57,118643,3143],{"class":942},[57,118645,1395],{"class":938},[57,118647,1742],{"class":67},[15,118649,118650],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[15,118652,118653,118654,498],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[373,118655,78046],{"href":76549},[43,118657,118659,2511,118661,118663],{"id":118658},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[19,118660,71750],{},[19,118662,12988],{}," work with both",[15,118665,8729,118666,2511,118668,118670],{},[19,118667,72597],{},[19,118669,76040],{}," support:",[27,118672,118673,118678],{},[30,118674,118675,118677],{},[19,118676,76264],{}," for descending order",[30,118679,118680,118683],{},[19,118681,118682],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[15,118685,118686],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[616,118688,118690],{"id":118689},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[48,118692,118694],{"className":50,"code":118693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,118695,118696,118716,118720,118742,118746,118764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118697,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118699,1724],{"class":285},[57,118701,289],{"class":76},[57,118703,1729],{"class":67},[57,118705,122],{"class":80},[57,118707,1081],{"class":67},[57,118709,3622],{"class":80},[57,118711,1081],{"class":67},[57,118713,1084],{"class":80},[57,118715,1742],{"class":67},[57,118717,118718],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118719,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118721,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,118723,64],{"class":63},[57,118725,68],{"class":67},[57,118727,72687],{"class":63},[57,118729,68],{"class":67},[57,118731,1756],{"class":238},[57,118733,1081],{"class":67},[57,118735,76243],{"class":7312},[57,118737,289],{"class":76},[57,118739,1709],{"class":1965},[57,118741,84],{"class":67},[57,118743,118744],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,118745,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118747,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,118749,1756],{"class":285},[57,118751,498],{"class":67},[57,118753,32958],{"class":238},[57,118755,68],{"class":67},[57,118757,71750],{"class":7312},[57,118759,289],{"class":76},[57,118761,1709],{"class":1965},[57,118763,242],{"class":67},[57,118765,118766,118768,118770,118772],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,118767,64],{"class":63},[57,118769,68],{"class":67},[57,118771,1756],{"class":238},[57,118773,242],{"class":67},[15,118775,118776],{},[1854,118777,131],{},[48,118779,118781],{"className":50,"code":118780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[19,118782,118783,118799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118784,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118786,2015],{"class":67},[57,118788,122],{"class":80},[57,118790,1081],{"class":67},[57,118792,1084],{"class":80},[57,118794,1081],{"class":67},[57,118796,3622],{"class":80},[57,118798,1742],{"class":67},[57,118800,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118802,2015],{"class":67},[57,118804,122],{"class":80},[57,118806,1081],{"class":67},[57,118808,1084],{"class":80},[57,118810,1081],{"class":67},[57,118812,3622],{"class":80},[57,118814,1742],{"class":67},[616,118816,118818],{"id":118817},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[48,118820,118822],{"className":50,"code":118821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[19,118823,118824,118856,118860,118886,118890,118912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118825,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118827,2186],{"class":285},[57,118829,289],{"class":76},[57,118831,1729],{"class":67},[57,118833,939],{"class":938},[57,118835,81536],{"class":942},[57,118837,939],{"class":938},[57,118839,1081],{"class":67},[57,118841,1449],{"class":938},[57,118843,2195],{"class":942},[57,118845,939],{"class":938},[57,118847,1081],{"class":67},[57,118849,1449],{"class":938},[57,118851,117010],{"class":942},[57,118853,939],{"class":938},[57,118855,1742],{"class":67},[57,118857,118858],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118859,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118861,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,118863,64],{"class":63},[57,118865,68],{"class":67},[57,118867,72687],{"class":63},[57,118869,68],{"class":67},[57,118871,2230],{"class":238},[57,118873,1081],{"class":67},[57,118875,19731],{"class":7312},[57,118877,289],{"class":76},[57,118879,1541],{"class":990},[57,118881,498],{"class":67},[57,118883,6775],{"class":22903},[57,118885,84],{"class":67},[57,118887,118888],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,118889,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,118891,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,118893,2230],{"class":285},[57,118895,498],{"class":67},[57,118897,32958],{"class":238},[57,118899,68],{"class":67},[57,118901,12988],{"class":7312},[57,118903,289],{"class":76},[57,118905,1541],{"class":990},[57,118907,498],{"class":67},[57,118909,6775],{"class":22903},[57,118911,242],{"class":67},[57,118913,118914,118916,118918,118920],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,118915,64],{"class":63},[57,118917,68],{"class":67},[57,118919,2230],{"class":238},[57,118921,242],{"class":67},[15,118923,118924],{},[1854,118925,131],{},[48,118927,118929],{"className":50,"code":118928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[19,118930,118931,118959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118932,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118934,2015],{"class":67},[57,118936,1395],{"class":938},[57,118938,2195],{"class":942},[57,118940,1395],{"class":938},[57,118942,1081],{"class":67},[57,118944,1390],{"class":938},[57,118946,81536],{"class":942},[57,118948,1395],{"class":938},[57,118950,1081],{"class":67},[57,118952,1390],{"class":938},[57,118954,117010],{"class":942},[57,118956,1395],{"class":938},[57,118958,1742],{"class":67},[57,118960,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,118962,2015],{"class":67},[57,118964,1395],{"class":938},[57,118966,2195],{"class":942},[57,118968,1395],{"class":938},[57,118970,1081],{"class":67},[57,118972,1390],{"class":938},[57,118974,81536],{"class":942},[57,118976,1395],{"class":938},[57,118978,1081],{"class":67},[57,118980,1390],{"class":938},[57,118982,117010],{"class":942},[57,118984,1395],{"class":938},[57,118986,1742],{"class":67},[15,118988,6551,118989,118991],{},[19,118990,76758],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[15,118993,118994,118995,498],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[373,118996,118998],{"href":118997},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[43,119000,119002],{"id":119001},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[15,119004,119005],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[616,119007,119009,119010,10741],{"id":119008},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[19,119011,76040],{},[15,119013,119014],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[48,119016,119018],{"className":50,"code":119017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,119019,119020,119040,119044,119058,119062,119072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119021,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119023,1724],{"class":285},[57,119025,289],{"class":76},[57,119027,1729],{"class":67},[57,119029,122],{"class":80},[57,119031,1081],{"class":67},[57,119033,3622],{"class":80},[57,119035,1081],{"class":67},[57,119037,1084],{"class":80},[57,119039,1742],{"class":67},[57,119041,119042],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119043,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119045,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,119047,300],{"class":285},[57,119049,289],{"class":76},[57,119051,2380],{"class":285},[57,119053,498],{"class":67},[57,119055,32958],{"class":238},[57,119057,6778],{"class":67},[57,119059,119060],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,119061,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119063,119064,119066,119068,119070],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,119065,64],{"class":63},[57,119067,68],{"class":67},[57,119069,339],{"class":238},[57,119071,242],{"class":67},[57,119073,119074,119076,119078,119080],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,119075,64],{"class":63},[57,119077,68],{"class":67},[57,119079,1756],{"class":238},[57,119081,242],{"class":67},[15,119083,119084],{},[1854,119085,131],{},[48,119087,119088],{"className":50,"code":77381,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,119089,119090,119094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119091,119092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119093,9951],{"class":1965},[57,119095,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119097,2015],{"class":67},[57,119099,1078],{"class":80},[57,119101,1081],{"class":67},[57,119103,1084],{"class":80},[57,119105,1081],{"class":67},[57,119107,530],{"class":80},[57,119109,1742],{"class":67},[15,119111,10043],{},[27,119113,119114,119119,119124],{},[30,119115,119116,119118],{},[19,119117,118121],{}," sorts the list in place",[30,119120,33174,119121,119123],{},[1854,119122,2750],{}," return the sorted list",[30,119125,88160,119126,40320,119128],{},[19,119127,339],{},[19,119129,1890],{},[616,119131,119133,119134,119136],{"id":119132},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[19,119135,72597],{}," to change the original list",[48,119138,119140],{"className":50,"code":119139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,119141,119142,119162,119166,119176,119180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119143,119144,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119145,1724],{"class":285},[57,119147,289],{"class":76},[57,119149,1729],{"class":67},[57,119151,122],{"class":80},[57,119153,1081],{"class":67},[57,119155,3622],{"class":80},[57,119157,1081],{"class":67},[57,119159,1084],{"class":80},[57,119161,1742],{"class":67},[57,119163,119164],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119165,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119167,119168,119170,119172,119174],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,119169,72687],{"class":63},[57,119171,68],{"class":67},[57,119173,1756],{"class":238},[57,119175,242],{"class":67},[57,119177,119178],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,119179,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119181,119182,119184,119186,119188],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,119183,64],{"class":63},[57,119185,68],{"class":67},[57,119187,1756],{"class":238},[57,119189,242],{"class":67},[15,119191,119192],{},[1854,119193,131],{},[48,119195,119196],{"className":50,"code":117342,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,119197,119198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119199,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119201,2015],{"class":67},[57,119203,122],{"class":80},[57,119205,1081],{"class":67},[57,119207,3622],{"class":80},[57,119209,1081],{"class":67},[57,119211,1084],{"class":80},[57,119213,1742],{"class":67},[15,119215,119216,119219],{},[19,119217,119218],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[15,119221,8947],{},[48,119223,119225],{"className":50,"code":119224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[19,119226,119227,119247,119251,119265,119269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119228,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119230,1724],{"class":285},[57,119232,289],{"class":76},[57,119234,1729],{"class":67},[57,119236,122],{"class":80},[57,119238,1081],{"class":67},[57,119240,3622],{"class":80},[57,119242,1081],{"class":67},[57,119244,1084],{"class":80},[57,119246,1742],{"class":67},[57,119248,119249],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119250,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119252,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,119254,53812],{"class":285},[57,119256,289],{"class":76},[57,119258,72731],{"class":63},[57,119260,68],{"class":67},[57,119262,1756],{"class":238},[57,119264,242],{"class":67},[57,119266,119267],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,119268,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119270,119271,119273,119275,119277],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,119272,64],{"class":63},[57,119274,68],{"class":67},[57,119276,53831],{"class":238},[57,119278,242],{"class":67},[616,119280,119282,119283,119285],{"id":119281},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[19,119284,62484],{}," on a tuple or string",[48,119287,119288],{"className":50,"code":77483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,119289,119290,119302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119291,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119293,32846],{"class":285},[57,119295,289],{"class":76},[57,119297,1449],{"class":938},[57,119299,52],{"class":942},[57,119301,1455],{"class":938},[57,119303,119304,119306,119308,119310],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119305,32867],{"class":285},[57,119307,498],{"class":67},[57,119309,32958],{"class":238},[57,119311,6778],{"class":67},[15,119313,119314,119315,31758],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[19,119316,62484],{},[15,119318,119319,119321],{},[19,119320,62484],{}," only works on lists.",[15,119323,119324,119325,119327,119328,498],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[19,119326,72597],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[373,119329,3258],{"href":3711},[616,119331,119333,119334,117379],{"id":119332},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[19,119335,72597],{},[48,119337,119339],{"className":50,"code":119338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,119340,119341,119354,119368,119372,119382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119342,119343,119345,119347,119349,119352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119344,32846],{"class":285},[57,119346,289],{"class":76},[57,119348,1449],{"class":938},[57,119350,119351],{"class":942},"cab",[57,119353,1455],{"class":938},[57,119355,119356,119358,119360,119362,119364,119366],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119357,300],{"class":285},[57,119359,289],{"class":76},[57,119361,72731],{"class":63},[57,119363,68],{"class":67},[57,119365,32867],{"class":238},[57,119367,242],{"class":67},[57,119369,119370],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,119371,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119373,119374,119376,119378,119380],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,119375,64],{"class":63},[57,119377,68],{"class":67},[57,119379,339],{"class":238},[57,119381,242],{"class":67},[57,119383,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,119385,64],{"class":63},[57,119387,68],{"class":67},[57,119389,1315],{"class":990},[57,119391,68],{"class":67},[57,119393,339],{"class":238},[57,119395,84],{"class":67},[15,119397,119398],{},[1854,119399,131],{},[48,119401,119403],{"className":50,"code":119402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[19,119404,119405,119433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119406,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119408,2015],{"class":67},[57,119410,1395],{"class":938},[57,119412,373],{"class":942},[57,119414,1395],{"class":938},[57,119416,1081],{"class":67},[57,119418,1390],{"class":938},[57,119420,2881],{"class":942},[57,119422,1395],{"class":938},[57,119424,1081],{"class":67},[57,119426,1390],{"class":938},[57,119428,7877],{"class":942},[57,119430,1395],{"class":938},[57,119432,1742],{"class":67},[57,119434,119435,119437,119439,119441,119443,119445],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119436,1384],{"class":76},[57,119438,1387],{"class":125},[57,119440,1390],{"class":938},[57,119442,6226],{"class":942},[57,119444,1395],{"class":938},[57,119446,1398],{"class":76},[15,119448,119449],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[43,119451,111900],{"id":111899},[15,119453,119454],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[27,119456,119457,119460,119465,119470,119476],{},[30,119458,119459],{},"confusing a function with a method",[30,119461,119462,119463,51814],{},"not knowing that ",[19,119464,62484],{},[30,119466,119467,119468,10741],{},"assigning the result of ",[19,119469,76040],{},[30,119471,119472,119473,119475],{},"trying to use ",[19,119474,62484],{}," on non-list data types",[30,119477,48674,119478,119480],{},[19,119479,72597],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[15,119482,119483],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,119485,119487],{"className":50,"code":119486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[19,119488,119489,119499,119513,119538,119553,119563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119490,119491,119493,119495,119497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119492,64],{"class":63},[57,119494,68],{"class":67},[57,119496,6472],{"class":238},[57,119498,242],{"class":67},[57,119500,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119502,64],{"class":63},[57,119504,68],{"class":67},[57,119506,72687],{"class":63},[57,119508,68],{"class":67},[57,119510,6472],{"class":238},[57,119512,84],{"class":67},[57,119514,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527,119530,119532,119534,119536],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,119516,300],{"class":285},[57,119518,289],{"class":76},[57,119520,6529],{"class":285},[57,119522,498],{"class":67},[57,119524,32958],{"class":238},[57,119526,5495],{"class":67},[57,119528,119529],{"class":285},"; ",[57,119531,64],{"class":63},[57,119533,68],{"class":67},[57,119535,339],{"class":238},[57,119537,242],{"class":67},[57,119539,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548,119551],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,119541,64],{"class":63},[57,119543,68],{"class":67},[57,119545,1315],{"class":990},[57,119547,68],{"class":67},[57,119549,119550],{"class":238},"my_data",[57,119552,84],{"class":67},[57,119554,119555,119557,119559,119561],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,119556,30309],{"class":63},[57,119558,68],{"class":67},[57,119560,72687],{"class":63},[57,119562,242],{"class":67},[57,119564,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,119566,30309],{"class":63},[57,119568,68],{"class":67},[57,119570,6226],{"class":990},[57,119572,498],{"class":67},[57,119574,32958],{"class":22903},[57,119576,242],{"class":67},[15,119578,82546],{},[27,119580,119581,119584,119588,119596],{},[30,119582,119583],{},"whether your original list changed",[30,119585,24173,119586,9848],{},[19,119587,72597],{},[30,119589,119590,119591,119593,119594],{},"whether ",[19,119592,62484],{}," returned ",[19,119595,1890],{},[30,119597,119598],{},"what type of object you are working with",[43,119600,119602],{"id":119601},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[15,119604,119605],{},"Use this rule:",[27,119607,119608,119616],{},[30,119609,119610,119611,119613,119614],{},"Need a ",[1854,119612,117704],{},": use ",[19,119615,72597],{},[30,119617,119618,119619,119613,119622],{},"Need to ",[1854,119620,119621],{},"change one list directly",[19,119623,76040],{},[15,119625,119626,119627,119629],{},"For many beginners, ",[19,119628,72597],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[43,119631,1554],{"id":1553},[616,119633,119635,119636,965,119638,572],{"id":119634},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[19,119637,72597],{},[19,119639,76040],{},[15,119641,119642,119644],{},[19,119643,72597],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[616,119646,3280,119648,3283,119650,572],{"id":119647},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[19,119649,76040],{},[19,119651,1890],{},[15,119653,119654],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[616,119656,3292,119658,119660],{"id":119657},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[19,119659,72597],{}," sort a tuple?",[15,119662,119663],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[616,119665,26483,119667,119669],{"id":119666},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[19,119668,62484],{}," on a string?",[15,119671,44532,119672,119674,119675,38093],{},[19,119673,62484],{}," is a list method. Use ",[19,119676,119677],{},"sorted(string)",[616,119679,9962,119681,2511,119683,119685],{"id":119680},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[19,119682,72597],{},[19,119684,62484],{}," both support descending order?",[15,119687,119688,119689,498],{},"Yes. Both support ",[19,119690,76264],{},[43,119692,1602],{"id":1601},[27,119694,119695,119701,119707,119711,119715],{},[30,119696,119697],{},[373,119698,1680,119699,1611],{"href":72694},[19,119700,72597],{},[30,119702,119703],{},[373,119704,1680,119705,8880],{"href":72948},[19,119706,76040],{},[30,119708,119709],{},[373,119710,78046],{"href":76549},[30,119712,119713],{},[373,119714,118998],{"href":118997},[30,119716,119717],{},[373,119718,50941],{"href":49148},[1634,119720,119721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":119723},[119724,119725,119726,119730,119734,119737,119741,119745,119750,119760,119761,119762,119774],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":117792,"depth":87,"text":117793},{"id":115895,"depth":87,"text":117617,"children":119727},[119728],{"id":117859,"depth":103,"text":119729},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":76106,"depth":87,"text":78068,"children":119731},[119732],{"id":118036,"depth":103,"text":119733},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":118132,"depth":87,"text":118133,"children":119735},[119736],{"id":118158,"depth":103,"text":118159},{"id":118364,"depth":87,"text":119738,"children":119739},"When to use sorted()",[119740],{"id":118386,"depth":103,"text":118387},{"id":118521,"depth":87,"text":119742,"children":119743},"When to use list.sort()",[119744],{"id":118544,"depth":103,"text":118545},{"id":118658,"depth":87,"text":119746,"children":119747},"reverse and key work with both",[119748,119749],{"id":118689,"depth":103,"text":118690},{"id":118817,"depth":103,"text":118818},{"id":119001,"depth":87,"text":119002,"children":119751},[119752,119754,119756,119758],{"id":119008,"depth":103,"text":119753},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":119132,"depth":103,"text":119755},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":119281,"depth":103,"text":119757},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":119332,"depth":103,"text":119759},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":111899,"depth":87,"text":111900},{"id":119601,"depth":87,"text":119602},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":119763},[119764,119766,119768,119770,119772],{"id":119634,"depth":103,"text":119765},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":119647,"depth":103,"text":119767},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":119657,"depth":103,"text":119769},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":119666,"depth":103,"text":119771},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":119680,"depth":103,"text":119773},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":117663,"description":119775},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":119781,"title":40341,"body":119782,"description":121514,"extension":1666,"meta":121515,"navigation":317,"path":121516,"seo":121517,"stem":121518,"__hash__":121519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":8,"value":119783,"toc":121471},[119784,119789,119794,119800,119802,119857,119861,119884,119889,119894,119899,119901,119932,119935,119949,119951,119953,119968,119973,119977,119980,120031,120035,120049,120056,120060,120064,120119,120123,120146,120150,120206,120210,120233,120237,120292,120296,120319,120323,120390,120394,120429,120435,120440,120445,120447,120461,120463,120537,120541,120561,120566,120573,120576,120588,120590,120659,120663,120700,120703,120728,120735,120744,120747,120759,120765,120771,120773,120779,120784,120863,120867,120908,120912,120914,120941,120944,120967,120970,120976,120979,121016,121028,121035,121037,121088,121091,121123,121126,121128,121135,121137,121152,121154,121211,121215,121239,121241,121246,121262,121269,121273,121276,121359,121369,121371,121376,121379,121385,121388,121394,121397,121403,121406,121413,121421,121423,121468],[11,119785,1680,119787,1684],{"id":119786},"python-str-function-explained",[19,119788,45851],{},[15,119790,30474,119791,119793],{},[19,119792,45851],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[15,119795,119796,119797,119799],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[19,119798,45851],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[43,119801,46],{"id":45},[48,119803,119805],{"className":50,"code":119804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,119806,119807,119815,119829,119833,119843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119808,119809,119811,119813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119810,19780],{"class":285},[57,119812,289],{"class":76},[57,119814,43392],{"class":80},[57,119816,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119818,32846],{"class":285},[57,119820,289],{"class":76},[57,119822,47072],{"class":990},[57,119824,68],{"class":67},[57,119826,7436],{"class":238},[57,119828,242],{"class":67},[57,119830,119831],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,119832,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,119834,119835,119837,119839,119841],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,119836,64],{"class":63},[57,119838,68],{"class":67},[57,119840,32867],{"class":238},[57,119842,242],{"class":67},[57,119844,119845,119847,119849,119851,119853,119855],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,119846,64],{"class":63},[57,119848,68],{"class":67},[57,119850,1315],{"class":990},[57,119852,68],{"class":67},[57,119854,32867],{"class":238},[57,119856,84],{"class":67},[15,119858,119859],{},[1854,119860,131],{},[48,119862,119864],{"className":50,"code":119863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,119865,119866,119870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119867,119868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119869,791],{"class":80},[57,119871,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119873,1384],{"class":76},[57,119875,1387],{"class":125},[57,119877,1390],{"class":938},[57,119879,1541],{"class":942},[57,119881,1395],{"class":938},[57,119883,1398],{"class":76},[15,119885,154,119886,119888],{},[19,119887,45851],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[43,119890,1787,119892,1790],{"id":119891},"what-str-does",[19,119893,45851],{},[15,119895,119896,119898],{},[19,119897,45851],{}," converts a value into a string.",[15,119900,169],{},[27,119902,119903,119910,119917,119924],{},[30,119904,119905,119906,40320,119908],{},"An integer like ",[19,119907,407],{},[19,119909,40291],{},[30,119911,119912,119913,40320,119915],{},"A float like ",[19,119914,38307],{},[19,119916,46262],{},[30,119918,119919,119920,40320,119922],{},"A boolean like ",[19,119921,1709],{},[19,119923,4769],{},[30,119925,119926,119927,40320,119929],{},"A list like ",[19,119928,73419],{},[19,119930,119931],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[15,119933,119934],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[27,119936,119937,119940,119943,119946],{},[30,119938,119939],{},"print it",[30,119941,119942],{},"combine it with other strings",[30,119944,119945],{},"save it to a file",[30,119947,119948],{},"use it in messages",[43,119950,221],{"id":220},[15,119952,5347],{},[48,119954,119956],{"className":50,"code":119955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"str(object)\n",[19,119957,119958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119959,119960,119962,119964,119966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119961,1541],{"class":990},[57,119963,68],{"class":67},[57,119965,40564],{"class":990},[57,119967,242],{"class":67},[15,119969,18922,119970,119972],{},[19,119971,40564],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[15,119974,119975,6358],{},[19,119976,45851],{},[15,119978,119979],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[48,119981,119983],{"className":50,"code":119982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[19,119984,119985,119994,120017,120021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119986,119987,119989,119991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119988,3217],{"class":285},[57,119990,289],{"class":76},[57,119992,119993],{"class":80}," 100\n",[57,119995,119996,119998,120000,120002,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,119997,88180],{"class":285},[57,119999,289],{"class":76},[57,120001,1449],{"class":938},[57,120003,120004],{"class":942},"Your score is ",[57,120006,939],{"class":938},[57,120008,533],{"class":76},[57,120010,47072],{"class":990},[57,120012,68],{"class":67},[57,120014,83693],{"class":238},[57,120016,242],{"class":67},[57,120018,120019],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120020,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120022,120023,120025,120027,120029],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120024,64],{"class":63},[57,120026,68],{"class":67},[57,120028,88197],{"class":238},[57,120030,242],{"class":67},[15,120032,120033],{},[1854,120034,131],{},[48,120036,120038],{"className":50,"code":120037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Your score is 100\n",[19,120039,120040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120041,120042,120045,120047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120043,120044],{"class":285},"Your score ",[57,120046,10337],{"class":76},[57,120048,119993],{"class":80},[15,120050,371,120051,120055],{},[373,120052,120053,379],{"href":375},[19,120054,378],{}," can help you check.",[43,120057,120059],{"id":120058},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[616,120061,120063],{"id":120062},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[48,120065,120067],{"className":50,"code":120066,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,120068,120069,120077,120091,120095,120105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120070,120071,120073,120075],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120072,286],{"class":285},[57,120074,289],{"class":76},[57,120076,669],{"class":80},[57,120078,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120080,32846],{"class":285},[57,120082,289],{"class":76},[57,120084,47072],{"class":990},[57,120086,68],{"class":67},[57,120088,310],{"class":238},[57,120090,242],{"class":67},[57,120092,120093],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120094,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120096,120097,120099,120101,120103],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120098,64],{"class":63},[57,120100,68],{"class":67},[57,120102,32867],{"class":238},[57,120104,242],{"class":67},[57,120106,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,120108,64],{"class":63},[57,120110,68],{"class":67},[57,120112,1315],{"class":990},[57,120114,68],{"class":67},[57,120116,32867],{"class":238},[57,120118,84],{"class":67},[15,120120,120121],{},[1854,120122,131],{},[48,120124,120126],{"className":50,"code":120125,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,120127,120128,120132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120129,120130],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120131,453],{"class":80},[57,120133,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120135,1384],{"class":76},[57,120137,1387],{"class":125},[57,120139,1390],{"class":938},[57,120141,1541],{"class":942},[57,120143,1395],{"class":938},[57,120145,1398],{"class":76},[616,120147,120149],{"id":120148},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[48,120151,120153],{"className":50,"code":120152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,120154,120155,120164,120178,120182,120192],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120156,120157,120159,120161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120158,38551],{"class":285},[57,120160,289],{"class":76},[57,120162,120163],{"class":80}," 3.14\n",[57,120165,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120167,32846],{"class":285},[57,120169,289],{"class":76},[57,120171,47072],{"class":990},[57,120173,68],{"class":67},[57,120175,23303],{"class":238},[57,120177,242],{"class":67},[57,120179,120180],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120181,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120183,120184,120186,120188,120190],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120185,64],{"class":63},[57,120187,68],{"class":67},[57,120189,32867],{"class":238},[57,120191,242],{"class":67},[57,120193,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,120195,64],{"class":63},[57,120197,68],{"class":67},[57,120199,1315],{"class":990},[57,120201,68],{"class":67},[57,120203,32867],{"class":238},[57,120205,84],{"class":67},[15,120207,120208],{},[1854,120209,131],{},[48,120211,120213],{"className":50,"code":120212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,120214,120215,120219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120216,120217],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120218,38341],{"class":80},[57,120220,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120222,1384],{"class":76},[57,120224,1387],{"class":125},[57,120226,1390],{"class":938},[57,120228,1541],{"class":942},[57,120230,1395],{"class":938},[57,120232,1398],{"class":76},[616,120234,120236],{"id":120235},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[48,120238,120240],{"className":50,"code":120239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,120241,120242,120250,120264,120268,120278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120243,120244,120246,120248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120245,525],{"class":285},[57,120247,289],{"class":76},[57,120249,4550],{"class":1965},[57,120251,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120253,32846],{"class":285},[57,120255,289],{"class":76},[57,120257,47072],{"class":990},[57,120259,68],{"class":67},[57,120261,552],{"class":238},[57,120263,242],{"class":67},[57,120265,120266],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120267,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120269,120270,120272,120274,120276],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120271,64],{"class":63},[57,120273,68],{"class":67},[57,120275,32867],{"class":238},[57,120277,242],{"class":67},[57,120279,120280,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,120281,64],{"class":63},[57,120283,68],{"class":67},[57,120285,1315],{"class":990},[57,120287,68],{"class":67},[57,120289,32867],{"class":238},[57,120291,84],{"class":67},[15,120293,120294],{},[1854,120295,131],{},[48,120297,120299],{"className":50,"code":120298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,120300,120301,120305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120302,120303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120304,2095],{"class":1965},[57,120306,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120308,1384],{"class":76},[57,120310,1387],{"class":125},[57,120312,1390],{"class":938},[57,120314,1541],{"class":942},[57,120316,1395],{"class":938},[57,120318,1398],{"class":76},[616,120320,120322],{"id":120321},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[48,120324,120326],{"className":50,"code":120325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,120327,120328,120348,120362,120366,120376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120329,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120331,5910],{"class":285},[57,120333,289],{"class":76},[57,120335,1729],{"class":67},[57,120337,1078],{"class":80},[57,120339,1081],{"class":67},[57,120341,1084],{"class":80},[57,120343,1081],{"class":67},[57,120345,530],{"class":80},[57,120347,1742],{"class":67},[57,120349,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120351,32846],{"class":285},[57,120353,289],{"class":76},[57,120355,47072],{"class":990},[57,120357,68],{"class":67},[57,120359,5941],{"class":238},[57,120361,242],{"class":67},[57,120363,120364],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120365,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120369,64],{"class":63},[57,120371,68],{"class":67},[57,120373,32867],{"class":238},[57,120375,242],{"class":67},[57,120377,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,120379,64],{"class":63},[57,120381,68],{"class":67},[57,120383,1315],{"class":990},[57,120385,68],{"class":67},[57,120387,32867],{"class":238},[57,120389,84],{"class":67},[15,120391,120392],{},[1854,120393,131],{},[48,120395,120397],{"className":50,"code":120396,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,120398,120399,120415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120400,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120402,2015],{"class":67},[57,120404,1078],{"class":80},[57,120406,1081],{"class":67},[57,120408,1084],{"class":80},[57,120410,1081],{"class":67},[57,120412,530],{"class":80},[57,120414,1742],{"class":67},[57,120416,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120418,1384],{"class":76},[57,120420,1387],{"class":125},[57,120422,1390],{"class":938},[57,120424,1541],{"class":942},[57,120426,1395],{"class":938},[57,120428,1398],{"class":76},[15,120430,120431,120432,120434],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[1854,120433,2750],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[43,120436,3082,120438],{"id":120437},"when-to-use-str",[19,120439,45851],{},[15,120441,154,120442,120444],{},[19,120443,45851],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[15,120446,34587],{},[27,120448,120449,120452,120455,120458],{},[30,120450,120451],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[30,120453,120454],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[30,120456,120457],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[30,120459,120460],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[15,120462,275],{},[48,120464,120466],{"className":50,"code":120465,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[19,120467,120468,120480,120488,120492,120527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120469,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120471,6008],{"class":285},[57,120473,289],{"class":76},[57,120475,1449],{"class":938},[57,120477,9651],{"class":942},[57,120479,1455],{"class":938},[57,120481,120482,120484,120486],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120483,19780],{"class":285},[57,120485,289],{"class":76},[57,120487,43392],{"class":80},[57,120489,120490],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120491,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120493,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502,120504,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120525],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120495,88180],{"class":285},[57,120497,289],{"class":76},[57,120499,34129],{"class":285},[57,120501,119],{"class":76},[57,120503,1449],{"class":938},[57,120505,2904],{"class":942},[57,120507,939],{"class":938},[57,120509,533],{"class":76},[57,120511,47072],{"class":990},[57,120513,68],{"class":67},[57,120515,7436],{"class":238},[57,120517,1769],{"class":67},[57,120519,533],{"class":76},[57,120521,1449],{"class":938},[57,120523,120524],{"class":942}," years old.",[57,120526,1455],{"class":938},[57,120528,120529,120531,120533,120535],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,120530,64],{"class":63},[57,120532,68],{"class":67},[57,120534,88197],{"class":238},[57,120536,242],{"class":67},[15,120538,120539],{},[1854,120540,131],{},[48,120542,120544],{"className":50,"code":120543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[19,120545,120546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120547,120548,120551,120553,120555,120558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120549,120550],{"class":285},"Maya ",[57,120552,10337],{"class":76},[57,120554,7443],{"class":80},[57,120556,120557],{"class":285}," years old",[57,120559,120560],{"class":67},".\n",[15,120562,120563,120564,498],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[373,120565,87866],{"href":87865},[43,120567,120569,8724,120571],{"id":120568},"str-vs-print",[19,120570,45851],{},[19,120572,44619],{},[15,120574,120575],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[27,120577,120578,120583],{},[30,120579,120580,120582],{},[19,120581,45851],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[30,120584,120585,120587],{},[19,120586,44619],{}," displays output on the screen",[15,120589,275],{},[48,120591,120593],{"className":50,"code":120592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[19,120594,120595,120603,120607,120621,120631,120645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120596,120597,120599,120601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120598,525],{"class":285},[57,120600,289],{"class":76},[57,120602,851],{"class":80},[57,120604,120605],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120606,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120608,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120610,32846],{"class":285},[57,120612,289],{"class":76},[57,120614,47072],{"class":990},[57,120616,68],{"class":67},[57,120618,552],{"class":238},[57,120620,242],{"class":67},[57,120622,120623,120625,120627,120629],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120624,64],{"class":63},[57,120626,68],{"class":67},[57,120628,32867],{"class":238},[57,120630,242],{"class":67},[57,120632,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,120634,64],{"class":63},[57,120636,68],{"class":67},[57,120638,1315],{"class":990},[57,120640,68],{"class":67},[57,120642,32867],{"class":238},[57,120644,84],{"class":67},[57,120646,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,120648,64],{"class":63},[57,120650,68],{"class":67},[57,120652,1315],{"class":990},[57,120654,68],{"class":67},[57,120656,552],{"class":238},[57,120658,84],{"class":67},[15,120660,120661],{},[1854,120662,131],{},[48,120664,120666],{"className":50,"code":120665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[19,120667,120668,120672,120686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120669,120670],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120671,44779],{"class":80},[57,120673,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120675,1384],{"class":76},[57,120677,1387],{"class":125},[57,120679,1390],{"class":938},[57,120681,1541],{"class":942},[57,120683,1395],{"class":938},[57,120685,1398],{"class":76},[57,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120689,1384],{"class":76},[57,120691,1387],{"class":125},[57,120693,1390],{"class":938},[57,120695,255],{"class":942},[57,120697,1395],{"class":938},[57,120699,1398],{"class":76},[15,120701,120702],{},"Notice:",[27,120704,120705,120711,120716],{},[30,120706,120707,120710],{},[19,120708,120709],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[30,120712,120713,120715],{},[19,120714,44619],{}," only displayed values",[30,120717,120718,120720,120721,120723,120724,59473,120726],{},[19,120719,44619],{}," did not change ",[19,120722,552],{}," from ",[19,120725,255],{},[19,120727,1541],{},[15,120729,120730,120731,498],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[373,120732,120733,379],{"href":44616},[19,120734,44619],{},[43,120736,120738,8724,120740,120743],{"id":120737},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[19,120739,45851],{},[19,120741,120742],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[15,120745,120746],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[27,120748,120749,120754],{},[30,120750,120751,120753],{},[19,120752,45851],{}," is the more readable text version",[30,120755,120756,120758],{},[19,120757,120742],{}," is more developer-focused",[15,120760,120761,120762,120764],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[19,120763,45851],{}," much more often.",[15,120766,120767,120768,120770],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[19,120769,45851],{}," is usually the right choice.",[43,120772,2637],{"id":2636},[616,120774,23928,120776,120778],{"id":120775},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[19,120777,45851],{}," changes the original variable",[15,120780,120781,120783],{},[19,120782,45851],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[48,120785,120787],{"className":50,"code":120786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,120788,120789,120797,120811,120815,120825,120839,120849],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120790,120791,120793,120795],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120792,19780],{"class":285},[57,120794,289],{"class":76},[57,120796,43392],{"class":80},[57,120798,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120800,32846],{"class":285},[57,120802,289],{"class":76},[57,120804,47072],{"class":990},[57,120806,68],{"class":67},[57,120808,7436],{"class":238},[57,120810,242],{"class":67},[57,120812,120813],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120814,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,120816,120817,120819,120821,120823],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120818,64],{"class":63},[57,120820,68],{"class":67},[57,120822,7436],{"class":238},[57,120824,242],{"class":67},[57,120826,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,120828,64],{"class":63},[57,120830,68],{"class":67},[57,120832,1315],{"class":990},[57,120834,68],{"class":67},[57,120836,7436],{"class":238},[57,120838,84],{"class":67},[57,120840,120841,120843,120845,120847],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,120842,64],{"class":63},[57,120844,68],{"class":67},[57,120846,32867],{"class":238},[57,120848,242],{"class":67},[57,120850,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859,120861],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,120852,64],{"class":63},[57,120854,68],{"class":67},[57,120856,1315],{"class":990},[57,120858,68],{"class":67},[57,120860,32867],{"class":238},[57,120862,84],{"class":67},[15,120864,120865],{},[1854,120866,131],{},[48,120868,120870],{"className":50,"code":120869,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,120871,120872,120876,120890,120894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120873,120874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120875,791],{"class":80},[57,120877,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120879,1384],{"class":76},[57,120881,1387],{"class":125},[57,120883,1390],{"class":938},[57,120885,255],{"class":942},[57,120887,1395],{"class":938},[57,120889,1398],{"class":76},[57,120891,120892],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,120893,791],{"class":80},[57,120895,120896,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,120897,1384],{"class":76},[57,120899,1387],{"class":125},[57,120901,1390],{"class":938},[57,120903,1541],{"class":942},[57,120905,1395],{"class":938},[57,120907,1398],{"class":76},[616,120909,120911],{"id":120910},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[15,120913,4816],{},[48,120915,120917],{"className":50,"code":120916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[19,120918,120919,120927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120920,120921,120923,120925],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120922,19780],{"class":285},[57,120924,289],{"class":76},[57,120926,43392],{"class":80},[57,120928,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120930,32846],{"class":285},[57,120932,289],{"class":76},[57,120934,47072],{"class":990},[57,120936,68],{"class":67},[57,120938,7436],{"class":238},[57,120940,242],{"class":67},[15,120942,120943],{},"But if you only do this:",[48,120945,120947],{"className":50,"code":120946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[19,120948,120949,120957],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120950,120951,120953,120955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120952,19780],{"class":285},[57,120954,289],{"class":76},[57,120956,43392],{"class":80},[57,120958,120959,120961,120963,120965],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120960,1541],{"class":990},[57,120962,68],{"class":67},[57,120964,7436],{"class":238},[57,120966,242],{"class":67},[15,120968,120969],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[616,120971,6551,120973,120975],{"id":120972},"using-str-too-early",[19,120974,45851],{}," too early",[15,120977,120978],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[48,120980,120982],{"className":50,"code":120981,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[19,120983,120984,120992,121007,121011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120985,120986,120988,120990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120987,38551],{"class":285},[57,120989,289],{"class":76},[57,120991,669],{"class":80},[57,120993,120994,120997,120999,121001,121003,121005],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,120995,120996],{"class":285},"text_price ",[57,120998,289],{"class":76},[57,121000,47072],{"class":990},[57,121002,68],{"class":67},[57,121004,23303],{"class":238},[57,121006,242],{"class":67},[57,121008,121009],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,121010,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,121012,121013],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,121014,121015],{"class":1772},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,121017,121018,121019,965,121023,121027],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[373,121020,121021],{"href":961},[19,121022,964],{},[373,121024,121025],{"href":968},[19,121026,971],{},", depending on the situation.",[616,121029,6587,121031,121034],{"id":121030},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[19,121032,121033],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[15,121036,62816],{},[48,121038,121040],{"className":50,"code":121039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[19,121041,121042,121074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121043,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121045,5910],{"class":285},[57,121047,289],{"class":76},[57,121049,1729],{"class":67},[57,121051,939],{"class":938},[57,121053,2195],{"class":942},[57,121055,939],{"class":938},[57,121057,1081],{"class":67},[57,121059,1449],{"class":938},[57,121061,2204],{"class":942},[57,121063,939],{"class":938},[57,121065,1081],{"class":67},[57,121067,1449],{"class":938},[57,121069,31378],{"class":942},[57,121071,939],{"class":938},[57,121073,1742],{"class":67},[57,121075,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121077,64],{"class":63},[57,121079,68],{"class":67},[57,121081,1541],{"class":990},[57,121083,68],{"class":67},[57,121085,5941],{"class":238},[57,121087,84],{"class":67},[15,121089,121090],{},"prints:",[48,121092,121093],{"className":50,"code":71009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,121094,121095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121096,121097,121099,121101,121103,121105,121107,121109,121111,121113,121115,121117,121119,121121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121098,2015],{"class":67},[57,121100,1395],{"class":938},[57,121102,2195],{"class":942},[57,121104,1395],{"class":938},[57,121106,1081],{"class":67},[57,121108,1390],{"class":938},[57,121110,2204],{"class":942},[57,121112,1395],{"class":938},[57,121114,1081],{"class":67},[57,121116,1390],{"class":938},[57,121118,31378],{"class":942},[57,121120,1395],{"class":938},[57,121122,1742],{"class":67},[15,121124,121125],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[43,121127,15568],{"id":15567},[15,121129,121130,20127,121132,498],{},[19,121131,45851],{},[1854,121133,121134],{},"new string",[15,121136,9600],{},[27,121138,121139,121142,121145],{},[30,121140,121141],{},"It always returns a string",[30,121143,121144],{},"It does not modify the original object",[30,121146,5893,121147,121151],{},[373,121148,121149],{"href":375},[19,121150,378],{}," to confirm the result",[15,121153,275],{},[48,121155,121157],{"className":50,"code":121156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[19,121158,121159,121167,121182,121186,121197],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121160,121161,121163,121165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121162,525],{"class":285},[57,121164,289],{"class":76},[57,121166,12277],{"class":80},[57,121168,121169,121172,121174,121176,121178,121180],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121170,121171],{"class":285},"converted ",[57,121173,289],{"class":76},[57,121175,47072],{"class":990},[57,121177,68],{"class":67},[57,121179,552],{"class":238},[57,121181,242],{"class":67},[57,121183,121184],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,121185,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,121187,121188,121190,121192,121195],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,121189,64],{"class":63},[57,121191,68],{"class":67},[57,121193,121194],{"class":238},"converted",[57,121196,242],{"class":67},[57,121198,121199,121201,121203,121205,121207,121209],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,121200,64],{"class":63},[57,121202,68],{"class":67},[57,121204,1315],{"class":990},[57,121206,68],{"class":67},[57,121208,121194],{"class":238},[57,121210,84],{"class":67},[15,121212,121213],{},[1854,121214,131],{},[48,121216,121218],{"className":50,"code":121217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,121219,121220,121225],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121221,121222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121223,121224],{"class":80},"99\n",[57,121226,121227,121229,121231,121233,121235,121237],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121228,1384],{"class":76},[57,121230,1387],{"class":125},[57,121232,1390],{"class":938},[57,121234,1541],{"class":942},[57,121236,1395],{"class":938},[57,121238,1398],{"class":76},[43,121240,111900],{"id":111899},[15,121242,121243,121244,72988],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[19,121245,45851],{},[27,121247,121248,121251,121254,121259],{},[30,121249,121250],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[30,121252,121253],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[30,121255,6551,121256,121258],{},[19,121257,45851],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[30,121260,121261],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[15,121263,121264,121265,498],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[373,121266,23833,121267],{"href":88578},[19,121268,88579],{},[43,121270,121272],{"id":121271},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[15,121274,121275],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[48,121277,121279],{"className":50,"code":121278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[19,121280,121281,121289,121293,121303,121317,121321,121335,121345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121282,121283,121285,121287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121284,525],{"class":285},[57,121286,289],{"class":76},[57,121288,43392],{"class":80},[57,121290,121291],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121292,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,121294,121295,121297,121299,121301],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,121296,64],{"class":63},[57,121298,68],{"class":67},[57,121300,552],{"class":238},[57,121302,242],{"class":67},[57,121304,121305,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,121306,64],{"class":63},[57,121308,68],{"class":67},[57,121310,1315],{"class":990},[57,121312,68],{"class":67},[57,121314,552],{"class":238},[57,121316,84],{"class":67},[57,121318,121319],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,121320,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,121322,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,121324,121171],{"class":285},[57,121326,289],{"class":76},[57,121328,47072],{"class":990},[57,121330,68],{"class":67},[57,121332,552],{"class":238},[57,121334,242],{"class":67},[57,121336,121337,121339,121341,121343],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,121338,64],{"class":63},[57,121340,68],{"class":67},[57,121342,121194],{"class":238},[57,121344,242],{"class":67},[57,121346,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,121348,64],{"class":63},[57,121350,68],{"class":67},[57,121352,1315],{"class":990},[57,121354,68],{"class":67},[57,121356,121194],{"class":238},[57,121358,84],{"class":67},[15,121360,121361,121362,256,121364,121366,121367,498],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[19,121363,255],{},[19,121365,259],{},", or another type into ",[19,121368,1541],{},[43,121370,1554],{"id":1553},[616,121372,3264,121374,3267],{"id":121373},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[19,121375,45851],{},[15,121377,121378],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[616,121380,10848,121382,121384],{"id":121381},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[19,121383,45851],{}," change the original variable?",[15,121386,121387],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[616,121389,3292,121391,121393],{"id":121390},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[19,121392,45851],{}," convert numbers to text?",[15,121395,121396],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[616,121398,92764,121400,121402],{"id":121399},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[19,121401,45851],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[15,121404,121405],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[616,121407,13050,121409,55376,121411,572],{"id":121408},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[19,121410,45851],{},[19,121412,44619],{},[15,121414,44532,121415,121417,121418,121420],{},[19,121416,45851],{}," converts to text. ",[19,121419,44619],{}," shows output.",[43,121422,1602],{"id":1601},[27,121424,121425,121431,121437,121443,121449,121458,121462],{},[30,121426,121427],{},[373,121428,121429,1611],{"href":44616},[19,121430,44619],{},[30,121432,121433],{},[373,121434,121435,1611],{"href":375},[19,121436,378],{},[30,121438,121439],{},[373,121440,121441,1611],{"href":961},[19,121442,964],{},[30,121444,121445],{},[373,121446,121447,1611],{"href":968},[19,121448,971],{},[30,121450,121451],{},[373,121452,121454,121455,121457],{"href":121453},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[19,121456,255],{}," to string in Python",[30,121459,121460],{},[373,121461,88856],{"href":87865},[30,121463,121464],{},[373,121465,28503,121466],{"href":88578},[19,121467,88579],{},[1634,121469,121470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":121472},[121473,121474,121476,121477,121483,121485,121487,121489,121498,121499,121500,121501,121513],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":119891,"depth":87,"text":121475},"What str() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":120058,"depth":87,"text":120059,"children":121478},[121479,121480,121481,121482],{"id":120062,"depth":103,"text":120063},{"id":120148,"depth":103,"text":120149},{"id":120235,"depth":103,"text":120236},{"id":120321,"depth":103,"text":120322},{"id":120437,"depth":87,"text":121484},"When to use str()",{"id":120568,"depth":87,"text":121486},"str() vs print()",{"id":120737,"depth":87,"text":121488},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":121490},[121491,121493,121494,121496],{"id":120775,"depth":103,"text":121492},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":120910,"depth":103,"text":120911},{"id":120972,"depth":103,"text":121495},"Using str() too early",{"id":121030,"depth":103,"text":121497},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":111899,"depth":87,"text":111900},{"id":121271,"depth":87,"text":121272},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":121502},[121503,121505,121507,121509,121511],{"id":121373,"depth":103,"text":121504},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":121381,"depth":103,"text":121506},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":121390,"depth":103,"text":121508},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":121399,"depth":103,"text":121510},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":121408,"depth":103,"text":121512},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":40341,"description":121514},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":121521,"title":121522,"body":121523,"description":122976,"extension":1666,"meta":122977,"navigation":317,"path":122978,"seo":122979,"stem":122980,"__hash__":122981},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":8,"value":121524,"toc":122938},[121525,121531,121537,121540,121562,121564,121626,121628,121641,121647,121652,121657,121659,121672,121683,121685,121712,121714,121731,121738,121749,121751,121756,121758,121770,121778,121787,121789,121792,121845,121847,121855,121863,121867,121872,121912,121914,121922,121925,121927,121967,121969,121977,121987,121993,121996,122069,122071,122084,122088,122093,122121,122124,122159,122161,122169,122172,122176,122180,122182,122198,122200,122240,122242,122250,122259,122302,122304,122312,122314,122318,122324,122327,122367,122369,122377,122382,122385,122428,122432,122435,122470,122475,122477,122516,122526,122534,122544,122552,122556,122561,122563,122604,122606,122614,122619,122622,122625,122643,122649,122653,122658,122661,122701,122703,122708,122807,122810,122826,122828,122847,122849,122856,122859,122865,122868,122874,122878,122884,122887,122893,122896,122898,122935],[11,121526,121528,121529,9463],{"id":121527},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[19,121530,55461],{},[15,121532,121533,121534,121536],{},"The Python string ",[19,121535,55461],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[15,121538,121539],{},"This reference page explains:",[27,121541,121542,121546,121549,121551,121559],{},[30,121543,24173,121544,1790],{},[19,121545,55461],{},[30,121547,121548],{},"its syntax",[30,121550,33554],{},[30,121552,121553,121554,2511,121556,121558],{},"how ",[19,121555,34233],{},[19,121557,50830],{}," work",[30,121560,121561],{},"common beginner mistakes",[43,121563,46],{"id":45},[48,121565,121567],{"className":50,"code":121566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[19,121568,121569,121581,121603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121570,121571,121573,121575,121577,121579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121572,32846],{"class":285},[57,121574,289],{"class":76},[57,121576,1449],{"class":938},[57,121578,2204],{"class":942},[57,121580,1455],{"class":938},[57,121582,121583,121585,121587,121589,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599,121601],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121584,64],{"class":63},[57,121586,68],{"class":67},[57,121588,32867],{"class":238},[57,121590,498],{"class":67},[57,121592,39424],{"class":238},[57,121594,68],{"class":67},[57,121596,939],{"class":938},[57,121598,373],{"class":942},[57,121600,939],{"class":938},[57,121602,84],{"class":67},[57,121604,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121622,121624],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,121606,64],{"class":63},[57,121608,68],{"class":67},[57,121610,32867],{"class":238},[57,121612,498],{"class":67},[57,121614,39424],{"class":238},[57,121616,68],{"class":67},[57,121618,939],{"class":938},[57,121620,121621],{"class":942},"na",[57,121623,939],{"class":938},[57,121625,84],{"class":67},[15,121627,131],{},[48,121629,121631],{"className":50,"code":121630,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\n",[19,121632,121633,121637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121634,121635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121636,44784],{"class":80},[57,121638,121639],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121640,15205],{"class":80},[15,121642,154,121643,121646],{},[19,121644,121645],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[43,121648,11141,121650,11144],{"id":121649},"what-the-count-method-does",[19,121651,55461],{},[15,121653,121654,121656],{},[19,121655,55461],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[15,121658,11197],{},[27,121660,121661,121664,121667,121669],{},[30,121662,121663],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[30,121665,121666],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[30,121668,41824],{},[30,121670,121671],{},"It does not change the original string",[15,121673,121674,121675,121677,121678,256,121680,121682],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[19,121676,16246],{}," characters are in ",[19,121679,63447],{},[19,121681,55461],{}," is a simple choice.",[43,121684,221],{"id":220},[48,121686,121688],{"className":50,"code":121687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[19,121689,121690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121691,121692,121694,121696,121698,121700,121702,121704,121706,121708,121710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121693,59346],{"class":285},[57,121695,498],{"class":67},[57,121697,39424],{"class":238},[57,121699,68],{"class":67},[57,121701,552],{"class":238},[57,121703,1081],{"class":67},[57,121705,34212],{"class":238},[57,121707,1081],{"class":67},[57,121709,63213],{"class":238},[57,121711,242],{"class":67},[616,121713,15544],{"id":15543},[27,121715,121716,121721,121726],{},[30,121717,121718,121720],{},[19,121719,552],{},": the text to search for",[30,121722,121723,121725],{},[19,121724,34233],{},": optional; where counting begins",[30,121727,121728,121730],{},[19,121729,50830],{},": optional; where counting stops",[15,121732,121733,2511,121735,121737],{},[19,121734,34233],{},[19,121736,50830],{}," work like slice positions:",[27,121739,121740,121745],{},[30,121741,121742,121744],{},[19,121743,34233],{}," is included",[30,121746,121747,73914],{},[19,121748,50830],{},[43,121750,15568],{"id":15567},[15,121752,121753,121755],{},[19,121754,55461],{}," returns a whole number.",[15,121757,188],{},[27,121759,121760,121765],{},[30,121761,121762,121763],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[19,121764,122],{},[30,121766,121767,121768],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[19,121769,182],{},[15,121771,39070,121772,3283,121774,965,121776,498],{},[1854,121773,2750],{},[19,121775,1709],{},[19,121777,1783],{},[15,121779,121780,121781,121786],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[373,121782,121784,99774],{"href":121783},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[19,121785,1997],{}," is often a better fit.",[43,121788,9617],{"id":9616},[15,121790,121791],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[48,121793,121795],{"className":50,"code":121794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,121796,121797,121809,121831,121835],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805,121807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121800,32846],{"class":285},[57,121802,289],{"class":76},[57,121804,1449],{"class":938},[57,121806,2195],{"class":942},[57,121808,1455],{"class":938},[57,121810,121811,121813,121815,121817,121819,121821,121823,121825,121827,121829],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121812,300],{"class":285},[57,121814,289],{"class":76},[57,121816,41007],{"class":285},[57,121818,498],{"class":67},[57,121820,39424],{"class":238},[57,121822,68],{"class":67},[57,121824,939],{"class":938},[57,121826,15],{"class":942},[57,121828,939],{"class":938},[57,121830,242],{"class":67},[57,121832,121833],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,121834,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,121836,121837,121839,121841,121843],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,121838,64],{"class":63},[57,121840,68],{"class":67},[57,121842,339],{"class":238},[57,121844,242],{"class":67},[15,121846,131],{},[48,121848,121849],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,121850,121851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121852,121853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121854,15205],{"class":80},[15,121856,61992,121857,121860,121861,498],{},[19,121858,121859],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[19,121862,56004],{},[43,121864,121866],{"id":121865},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[15,121868,121869,121871],{},[19,121870,55461],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[48,121873,121875],{"className":50,"code":121874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[19,121876,121877,121890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121878,121879,121881,121883,121885,121888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121880,32846],{"class":285},[57,121882,289],{"class":76},[57,121884,1449],{"class":938},[57,121886,121887],{"class":942},"cat dog cat bird cat",[57,121889,1455],{"class":938},[57,121891,121892,121894,121896,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121893,64],{"class":63},[57,121895,68],{"class":67},[57,121897,32867],{"class":238},[57,121899,498],{"class":67},[57,121901,39424],{"class":238},[57,121903,68],{"class":67},[57,121905,939],{"class":938},[57,121907,35209],{"class":942},[57,121909,939],{"class":938},[57,121911,84],{"class":67},[15,121913,131],{},[48,121915,121916],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,121917,121918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121919,121920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121921,44784],{"class":80},[15,121923,121924],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[15,121926,275],{},[48,121928,121930],{"className":50,"code":121929,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[19,121931,121932,121945],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121933,121934,121936,121938,121940,121943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121935,32846],{"class":285},[57,121937,289],{"class":76},[57,121939,1449],{"class":938},[57,121941,121942],{"class":942},"one One one",[57,121944,1455],{"class":938},[57,121946,121947,121949,121951,121953,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963,121965],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,121948,64],{"class":63},[57,121950,68],{"class":67},[57,121952,32867],{"class":238},[57,121954,498],{"class":67},[57,121956,39424],{"class":238},[57,121958,68],{"class":67},[57,121960,939],{"class":938},[57,121962,4713],{"class":942},[57,121964,939],{"class":938},[57,121966,84],{"class":67},[15,121968,131],{},[48,121970,121971],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,121972,121973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121974,121975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121976,15205],{"class":80},[15,121978,121979,121980,121983,121984,121986],{},"The uppercase ",[19,121981,121982],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[19,121985,55461],{}," is case-sensitive.",[43,121988,6551,121989,2511,121991],{"id":63579},[19,121990,34233],{},[19,121992,50830],{},[15,121994,121995],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[48,121997,121999],{"className":50,"code":121998,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[19,122000,122001,122013,122039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122004,32846],{"class":285},[57,122006,289],{"class":76},[57,122008,1449],{"class":938},[57,122010,2204],{"class":942},[57,122012,1455],{"class":938},[57,122014,122015,122017,122019,122021,122023,122025,122027,122029,122031,122033,122035,122037],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122016,64],{"class":63},[57,122018,68],{"class":67},[57,122020,32867],{"class":238},[57,122022,498],{"class":67},[57,122024,39424],{"class":238},[57,122026,68],{"class":67},[57,122028,939],{"class":938},[57,122030,373],{"class":942},[57,122032,939],{"class":938},[57,122034,1081],{"class":67},[57,122036,1084],{"class":80},[57,122038,84],{"class":67},[57,122040,122041,122043,122045,122047,122049,122051,122053,122055,122057,122059,122061,122063,122065,122067],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,122042,64],{"class":63},[57,122044,68],{"class":67},[57,122046,32867],{"class":238},[57,122048,498],{"class":67},[57,122050,39424],{"class":238},[57,122052,68],{"class":67},[57,122054,939],{"class":938},[57,122056,373],{"class":942},[57,122058,939],{"class":938},[57,122060,1081],{"class":67},[57,122062,1084],{"class":80},[57,122064,1081],{"class":67},[57,122066,2724],{"class":80},[57,122068,84],{"class":67},[15,122070,131],{},[48,122072,122074],{"className":50,"code":122073,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n1\n",[19,122075,122076,122080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122077,122078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122079,15205],{"class":80},[57,122081,122082],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122083,45084],{"class":80},[616,122085,122087],{"id":122086},"how-this-works","How this works",[15,122089,122090,122091,972],{},"In ",[19,122092,63447],{},[27,122094,122095,122103,122111],{},[30,122096,69138,122097,122099,122100],{},[19,122098,116],{}," starts at the first ",[19,122101,122102],{},"\"n\"",[30,122104,122105,122108,122109,74212],{},[19,122106,122107],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[19,122110,116],{},[30,122112,122113,122108,122116,122118,122119],{},[19,122114,122115],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[19,122117,116],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[19,122120,199],{},[15,122122,122123],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[48,122125,122127],{"className":50,"code":122126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[19,122128,122129,122141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122132,32846],{"class":285},[57,122134,289],{"class":76},[57,122136,1449],{"class":938},[57,122138,2204],{"class":942},[57,122140,1455],{"class":938},[57,122142,122143,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122144,64],{"class":63},[57,122146,68],{"class":67},[57,122148,32867],{"class":238},[57,122150,2015],{"class":67},[57,122152,116],{"class":80},[57,122154,972],{"class":67},[57,122156,199],{"class":80},[57,122158,2003],{"class":67},[15,122160,131],{},[48,122162,122163],{"className":50,"code":39633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,122164,122165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122166,122167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122168,39633],{"class":285},[15,122170,122171],{},"Only that section is searched.",[43,122173,122175],{"id":122174},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[15,122177,122178,121986],{},[19,122179,55461],{},[15,122181,169],{},[27,122183,122184,122192],{},[30,122185,122186,2511,122188,122191],{},[19,122187,16246],{},[19,122189,122190],{},"\"A\""," are different",[30,122193,122194,2511,122196,122191],{},[19,122195,62707],{},[19,122197,88591],{},[15,122199,275],{},[48,122201,122203],{"className":50,"code":122202,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[19,122204,122205,122218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122206,122207,122209,122211,122213,122216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122208,32846],{"class":285},[57,122210,289],{"class":76},[57,122212,1449],{"class":938},[57,122214,122215],{"class":942},"Apple apple APPLE",[57,122217,1455],{"class":938},[57,122219,122220,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236,122238],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122221,64],{"class":63},[57,122223,68],{"class":67},[57,122225,32867],{"class":238},[57,122227,498],{"class":67},[57,122229,39424],{"class":238},[57,122231,68],{"class":67},[57,122233,939],{"class":938},[57,122235,2195],{"class":942},[57,122237,939],{"class":938},[57,122239,84],{"class":67},[15,122241,131],{},[48,122243,122244],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,122245,122246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122247,122248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122249,45084],{"class":80},[15,122251,122252,122253,972],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[373,122254,122256],{"href":122255},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[19,122257,122258],{},"lower()",[48,122260,122262],{"className":50,"code":122261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[19,122263,122264,122276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122265,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122267,32846],{"class":285},[57,122269,289],{"class":76},[57,122271,1449],{"class":938},[57,122273,122215],{"class":942},[57,122275,1455],{"class":938},[57,122277,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288,122290,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122279,64],{"class":63},[57,122281,68],{"class":67},[57,122283,32867],{"class":238},[57,122285,498],{"class":67},[57,122287,6775],{"class":238},[57,122289,6772],{"class":67},[57,122291,39424],{"class":238},[57,122293,68],{"class":67},[57,122295,939],{"class":938},[57,122297,2195],{"class":942},[57,122299,939],{"class":938},[57,122301,84],{"class":67},[15,122303,131],{},[48,122305,122306],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,122307,122308],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122309,122310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122311,44784],{"class":80},[43,122313,913],{"id":912},[15,122315,21247,122316,498],{},[19,122317,55461],{},[616,122319,6587,122321,122323],{"id":122320},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[19,122322,55461],{}," to ignore case automatically",[15,122325,122326],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[48,122328,122330],{"className":50,"code":122329,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[19,122331,122332,122345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122333,122334,122336,122338,122340,122343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122335,32846],{"class":285},[57,122337,289],{"class":76},[57,122339,1449],{"class":938},[57,122341,122342],{"class":942},"Aardvark",[57,122344,1455],{"class":938},[57,122346,122347,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357,122359,122361,122363,122365],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122348,64],{"class":63},[57,122350,68],{"class":67},[57,122352,32867],{"class":238},[57,122354,498],{"class":67},[57,122356,39424],{"class":238},[57,122358,68],{"class":67},[57,122360,939],{"class":938},[57,122362,373],{"class":942},[57,122364,939],{"class":938},[57,122366,84],{"class":67},[15,122368,131],{},[48,122370,122371],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,122372,122373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122374,122375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122376,15205],{"class":80},[15,122378,121979,122379,122381],{},[19,122380,122190],{}," at the start is not counted.",[15,122383,122384],{},"If needed, convert first:",[48,122386,122388],{"className":50,"code":122387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[19,122389,122390,122402],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122391,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122393,32846],{"class":285},[57,122395,289],{"class":76},[57,122397,1449],{"class":938},[57,122399,122342],{"class":942},[57,122401,1455],{"class":938},[57,122403,122404,122406,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122405,64],{"class":63},[57,122407,68],{"class":67},[57,122409,32867],{"class":238},[57,122411,498],{"class":67},[57,122413,6775],{"class":238},[57,122415,6772],{"class":67},[57,122417,39424],{"class":238},[57,122419,68],{"class":67},[57,122421,939],{"class":938},[57,122423,373],{"class":942},[57,122425,939],{"class":938},[57,122427,84],{"class":67},[616,122429,122431],{"id":122430},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[15,122433,122434],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[48,122436,122438],{"className":50,"code":122437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[19,122439,122440,122452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122441,122442,122444,122446,122448,122450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122443,32846],{"class":285},[57,122445,289],{"class":76},[57,122447,1449],{"class":938},[57,122449,2204],{"class":942},[57,122451,1455],{"class":938},[57,122453,122454,122456,122458,122460,122462,122464,122466,122468],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122455,64],{"class":63},[57,122457,68],{"class":67},[57,122459,32867],{"class":238},[57,122461,498],{"class":67},[57,122463,39424],{"class":238},[57,122465,68],{"class":67},[57,122467,373],{"class":238},[57,122469,84],{"class":67},[15,122471,122472,122473,498],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[19,122474,373],{},[15,122476,8947],{},[48,122478,122480],{"className":50,"code":122479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[19,122481,122482,122494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122483,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122485,32846],{"class":285},[57,122487,289],{"class":76},[57,122489,1449],{"class":938},[57,122491,2204],{"class":942},[57,122493,1455],{"class":938},[57,122495,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512,122514],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122497,64],{"class":63},[57,122499,68],{"class":67},[57,122501,32867],{"class":238},[57,122503,498],{"class":67},[57,122505,39424],{"class":238},[57,122507,68],{"class":67},[57,122509,939],{"class":938},[57,122511,373],{"class":942},[57,122513,939],{"class":938},[57,122515,84],{"class":67},[616,122517,35366,122519,6840,122521,965,122524],{"id":122518},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[19,122520,55461],{},[19,122522,122523],{},"find()",[19,122525,57139],{},[15,122527,154,122528,122530,122531,498],{},[19,122529,55461],{}," when you need the ",[1854,122532,122533],{},"number of matches",[15,122535,154,122536,122530,122541,122543],{},[373,122537,122539],{"href":122538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[19,122540,122523],{},[1854,122542,63119],{}," of the first match.",[15,122545,154,122546,122551],{},[373,122547,122549],{"href":122548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[19,122550,57139],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[616,122553,122555],{"id":122554},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[15,122557,122558,122560],{},[19,122559,55461],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[15,122562,275],{},[48,122564,122566],{"className":50,"code":122565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[19,122567,122568,122581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122569,122570,122572,122574,122576,122579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122571,32846],{"class":285},[57,122573,289],{"class":76},[57,122575,1449],{"class":938},[57,122577,122578],{"class":942},"aaaa",[57,122580,1455],{"class":938},[57,122582,122583,122585,122587,122589,122591,122593,122595,122597,122600,122602],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122584,64],{"class":63},[57,122586,68],{"class":67},[57,122588,32867],{"class":238},[57,122590,498],{"class":67},[57,122592,39424],{"class":238},[57,122594,68],{"class":67},[57,122596,939],{"class":938},[57,122598,122599],{"class":942},"aa",[57,122601,939],{"class":938},[57,122603,84],{"class":67},[15,122605,131],{},[48,122607,122608],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,122609,122610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122611,122612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122613,15205],{"class":80},[15,122615,122616,122617,498],{},"It does not return ",[19,122618,122],{},[15,122620,122621],{},"Why not?",[15,122623,122624],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[27,122626,122627,122636],{},[30,122628,122629,122632,122633],{},[19,122630,122631],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[19,122634,122635],{},"0-1",[30,122637,122638,122632,122640],{},[19,122639,122631],{},[19,122641,122642],{},"2-3",[15,122644,122645,122646,498],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[19,122647,122648],{},"1-2",[43,122650,3082,122651],{"id":56544},[19,122652,55461],{},[15,122654,154,122655,122657],{},[19,122656,55461],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[15,122659,122660],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[27,122662,122663,122672,122682,122692],{},[30,122664,154,122665,122667,122668,122671],{},[19,122666,55461],{}," when you need ",[1854,122669,122670],{},"how many times"," something appears",[30,122673,154,122674,122667,122678,122681],{},[373,122675,122676],{"href":122538},[19,122677,122523],{},[1854,122679,122680],{},"where"," it appears",[30,122683,45978,122684,122688,122689],{},[373,122685,122686,99774],{"href":121783},[19,122687,1997],{}," when you only need to know ",[1854,122690,122691],{},"if it exists",[30,122693,154,122694,122700],{},[373,122695,122697],{"href":122696},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[19,122698,122699],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[43,122702,24096],{"id":24095},[15,122704,7011,122705,122707],{},[19,122706,55461],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[48,122709,122711],{"className":50,"code":122710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[19,122712,122713,122723,122737,122759,122785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122714,122715,122717,122719,122721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122716,64],{"class":63},[57,122718,68],{"class":67},[57,122720,32867],{"class":238},[57,122722,242],{"class":67},[57,122724,122725,122727,122729,122731,122733,122735],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,122726,64],{"class":63},[57,122728,68],{"class":67},[57,122730,1315],{"class":990},[57,122732,68],{"class":67},[57,122734,32867],{"class":238},[57,122736,84],{"class":67},[57,122738,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753,122755,122757],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,122740,64],{"class":63},[57,122742,68],{"class":67},[57,122744,32867],{"class":238},[57,122746,498],{"class":67},[57,122748,39424],{"class":238},[57,122750,68],{"class":67},[57,122752,939],{"class":938},[57,122754,373],{"class":942},[57,122756,939],{"class":938},[57,122758,84],{"class":67},[57,122760,122761,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,122762,64],{"class":63},[57,122764,68],{"class":67},[57,122766,32867],{"class":238},[57,122768,498],{"class":67},[57,122770,6775],{"class":238},[57,122772,6772],{"class":67},[57,122774,39424],{"class":238},[57,122776,68],{"class":67},[57,122778,939],{"class":938},[57,122780,373],{"class":942},[57,122782,939],{"class":938},[57,122784,84],{"class":67},[57,122786,122787,122789,122791,122793,122795,122797,122799,122801,122803,122805],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,122788,64],{"class":63},[57,122790,68],{"class":67},[57,122792,32867],{"class":238},[57,122794,498],{"class":67},[57,122796,39424],{"class":238},[57,122798,68],{"class":67},[57,122800,939],{"class":938},[57,122802,121621],{"class":942},[57,122804,939],{"class":938},[57,122806,84],{"class":67},[15,122808,122809],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[27,122811,122812,122815,122820,122823],{},[30,122813,122814],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[30,122816,122817,122819],{},[19,122818,32867],{}," not being a string",[30,122821,122822],{},"counting the wrong substring",[30,122824,122825],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[15,122827,57033],{},[27,122829,122830,122833,122836,122839],{},[30,122831,122832],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[30,122834,122835],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[30,122837,122838],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[30,122840,48660,122841,42796,122843,965,122845,71484],{},[19,122842,55461],{},[19,122844,122523],{},[19,122846,1997],{},[43,122848,1554],{"id":1553},[616,122850,122852,122853,122855],{"id":122851},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[19,122854,55461],{}," change the original string?",[15,122857,122858],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[616,122860,13050,122862,122864],{"id":122861},"is-count-case-sensitive",[19,122863,55461],{}," case-sensitive?",[15,122866,122867],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[616,122869,3264,122871,122873],{"id":122870},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[19,122872,55461],{}," return if nothing is found?",[15,122875,3270,122876,498],{},[19,122877,182],{},[616,122879,3292,122881,122883],{"id":122880},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[19,122882,55461],{}," count words instead of letters?",[15,122885,122886],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[616,122888,10848,122890,122892],{"id":122889},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[19,122891,55461],{}," count overlapping matches?",[15,122894,122895],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[43,122897,1602],{"id":1601},[27,122899,122900,122907,122914,122921,122928],{},[30,122901,122902],{},[373,122903,122904],{"href":122538},[19,122905,122906],{},"Python string find() method",[30,122908,122909],{},[373,122910,122911],{"href":122548},[19,122912,122913],{},"Python string index() method",[30,122915,122916],{},[373,122917,122918],{"href":122255},[19,122919,122920],{},"Python string lower() method",[30,122922,122923],{},[373,122924,122925],{"href":121783},[19,122926,122927],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,122929,122930],{},[373,122931,122932],{"href":122696},[19,122933,122934],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1634,122936,122937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":122944},[122945],{"id":15543,"depth":103,"text":15544},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":121865,"depth":87,"text":121866},{"id":63579,"depth":87,"text":64362,"children":122950},[122951],{"id":122086,"depth":103,"text":122087},{"id":122174,"depth":87,"text":122175},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":122954},[122955,122957,122958,122960],{"id":122320,"depth":103,"text":122956},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":122430,"depth":103,"text":122431},{"id":122518,"depth":103,"text":122959},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":122554,"depth":103,"text":122555},{"id":56544,"depth":87,"text":57175},{"id":24095,"depth":87,"text":24096},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":122964},[122965,122967,122969,122971,122973],{"id":122851,"depth":103,"text":122966},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":122861,"depth":103,"text":122968},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":122870,"depth":103,"text":122970},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":122880,"depth":103,"text":122972},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":122889,"depth":103,"text":122974},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":121522,"description":122976},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":122983,"title":122984,"body":122985,"description":124570,"extension":1666,"meta":124571,"navigation":317,"path":124572,"seo":124573,"stem":124574,"__hash__":124575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":8,"value":122986,"toc":124543},[122987,122990,122993,123090,123099,123101,123120,123124,123127,123130,123143,123146,123175,123180,123185,123243,123245,123278,123284,123288,123291,123294,123323,123326,123353,123356,123359,123363,123366,123373,123436,123438,123456,123459,123463,123466,123469,123511,123514,123558,123561,123564,123568,123573,123576,123619,123621,123644,123647,123680,123683,123732,123742,123746,123749,123752,123781,123784,123795,123797,123856,123859,123863,123866,123869,123884,123893,123896,123930,123933,123960,123963,123970,123972,123975,123977,123980,123994,124003,124005,124032,124036,124039,124053,124056,124115,124119,124122,124149,124152,124179,124187,124190,124250,124252,124285,124289,124292,124311,124316,124365,124370,124372,124375,124434,124452,124454,124458,124466,124470,124473,124477,124483,124487,124497,124501,124504,124506,124540],[11,122988,122984],{"id":122989},"python-string-creating-a-string",[15,122991,122992],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[48,122994,122996],{"className":50,"code":122995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[19,122997,122998,123010,123022,123031,123045,123049,123059,123069,123080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122999,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123001,6008],{"class":285},[57,123003,289],{"class":76},[57,123005,1449],{"class":938},[57,123007,3125],{"class":942},[57,123009,1455],{"class":938},[57,123011,123012,123014,123016,123018,123020],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123013,88180],{"class":285},[57,123015,289],{"class":76},[57,123017,1390],{"class":938},[57,123019,33026],{"class":942},[57,123021,27855],{"class":938},[57,123023,123024,123027,123029],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123025,123026],{"class":285},"empty ",[57,123028,289],{"class":76},[57,123030,6013],{"class":938},[57,123032,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,123034,32846],{"class":285},[57,123036,289],{"class":76},[57,123038,47072],{"class":990},[57,123040,68],{"class":67},[57,123042,48414],{"class":80},[57,123044,242],{"class":67},[57,123046,123047],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,123048,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,123050,123051,123053,123055,123057],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,123052,64],{"class":63},[57,123054,68],{"class":67},[57,123056,5798],{"class":238},[57,123058,242],{"class":67},[57,123060,123061,123063,123065,123067],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,123062,64],{"class":63},[57,123064,68],{"class":67},[57,123066,88197],{"class":238},[57,123068,242],{"class":67},[57,123070,123071,123073,123075,123078],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,123072,64],{"class":63},[57,123074,68],{"class":67},[57,123076,123077],{"class":238},"empty",[57,123079,242],{"class":67},[57,123081,123082,123084,123086,123088],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,123083,64],{"class":63},[57,123085,68],{"class":67},[57,123087,32867],{"class":238},[57,123089,242],{"class":67},[15,123091,123092,123095,123096,123098],{},[1854,123093,123094],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[19,123097,45851],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[43,123100,13310],{"id":13309},[27,123102,123103,123106,123109,123112,123117],{},[30,123104,123105],{},"What a string is in Python",[30,123107,123108],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[30,123110,123111],{},"How to create an empty string",[30,123113,123114,123115],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[19,123116,45851],{},[30,123118,123119],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[43,123121,123123],{"id":123122},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[15,123125,123126],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[15,123128,123129],{},"Strings can contain:",[27,123131,123132,123135,123137,123140],{},[30,123133,123134],{},"Letters",[30,123136,54632],{},[30,123138,123139],{},"Spaces",[30,123141,123142],{},"Symbols",[15,123144,123145],{},"Examples of strings:",[48,123147,123149],{"className":50,"code":123148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[19,123150,123151,123159,123167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123152,123153,123155,123157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123154,939],{"class":41494},[57,123156,1958],{"class":41498},[57,123158,1455],{"class":41494},[57,123160,123161,123163,123165],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123162,939],{"class":41494},[57,123164,48414],{"class":41498},[57,123166,1455],{"class":41494},[57,123168,123169,123171,123173],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123170,939],{"class":41494},[57,123172,87322],{"class":41498},[57,123174,1455],{"class":41494},[15,123176,19129,123177,123179],{},[19,123178,48464],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[15,123181,123182,123183,972],{},"You can check the type with ",[19,123184,378],{},[48,123186,123188],{"className":50,"code":123187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[19,123189,123190,123202,123211,123215,123229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123191,123192,123194,123196,123198,123200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123193,32846],{"class":285},[57,123195,289],{"class":76},[57,123197,1449],{"class":938},[57,123199,48414],{"class":942},[57,123201,1455],{"class":938},[57,123203,123204,123206,123208],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123205,286],{"class":285},[57,123207,289],{"class":76},[57,123209,123210],{"class":80}," 123\n",[57,123212,123213],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123214,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,123216,123217,123219,123221,123223,123225,123227],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,123218,64],{"class":63},[57,123220,68],{"class":67},[57,123222,1315],{"class":990},[57,123224,68],{"class":67},[57,123226,32867],{"class":238},[57,123228,84],{"class":67},[57,123230,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,123232,64],{"class":63},[57,123234,68],{"class":67},[57,123236,1315],{"class":990},[57,123238,68],{"class":67},[57,123240,310],{"class":238},[57,123242,84],{"class":67},[15,123244,131],{},[48,123246,123248],{"className":50,"code":123247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[19,123249,123250,123264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123251,123252,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123253,1384],{"class":76},[57,123255,1387],{"class":125},[57,123257,1390],{"class":938},[57,123259,1541],{"class":942},[57,123261,1395],{"class":938},[57,123263,1398],{"class":76},[57,123265,123266,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123267,1384],{"class":76},[57,123269,1387],{"class":125},[57,123271,1390],{"class":938},[57,123273,255],{"class":942},[57,123275,1395],{"class":938},[57,123277,1398],{"class":76},[15,123279,123280,123281,498],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[373,123282,123283],{"href":49144},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[43,123285,123287],{"id":123286},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[15,123289,123290],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[15,123292,123293],{},"You can use single quotes:",[48,123295,123297],{"className":50,"code":123296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[19,123298,123299,123312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123300,123301,123304,123306,123308,123310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123302,123303],{"class":285},"greeting ",[57,123305,289],{"class":76},[57,123307,1390],{"class":938},[57,123309,1958],{"class":942},[57,123311,27855],{"class":938},[57,123313,123314,123316,123318,123321],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123315,64],{"class":63},[57,123317,68],{"class":67},[57,123319,123320],{"class":238},"greeting",[57,123322,242],{"class":67},[15,123324,123325],{},"Or double quotes:",[48,123327,123329],{"className":50,"code":123328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[19,123330,123331,123343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123332,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123334,123303],{"class":285},[57,123336,289],{"class":76},[57,123338,1449],{"class":938},[57,123340,1958],{"class":942},[57,123342,1455],{"class":938},[57,123344,123345,123347,123349,123351],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123346,64],{"class":63},[57,123348,68],{"class":67},[57,123350,123320],{"class":238},[57,123352,242],{"class":67},[15,123354,123355],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[15,123357,123358],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[43,123360,123362],{"id":123361},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[15,123364,123365],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[15,123367,123368,123369,965,123371,972],{},"Use either ",[19,123370,4398],{},[19,123372,1885],{},[48,123374,123376],{"className":50,"code":123375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[19,123377,123378,123387,123396,123400,123411,123422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123379,123380,123383,123385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123381,123382],{"class":285},"empty1 ",[57,123384,289],{"class":76},[57,123386,6013],{"class":938},[57,123388,123389,123392,123394],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123390,123391],{"class":285},"empty2 ",[57,123393,289],{"class":76},[57,123395,45663],{"class":938},[57,123397,123398],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123399,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,123401,123402,123404,123406,123409],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,123403,64],{"class":63},[57,123405,68],{"class":67},[57,123407,123408],{"class":238},"empty1",[57,123410,242],{"class":67},[57,123412,123413,123415,123417,123420],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,123414,64],{"class":63},[57,123416,68],{"class":67},[57,123418,123419],{"class":238},"empty2",[57,123421,242],{"class":67},[57,123423,123424,123426,123428,123430,123432,123434],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,123425,64],{"class":63},[57,123427,68],{"class":67},[57,123429,1315],{"class":990},[57,123431,68],{"class":67},[57,123433,123408],{"class":238},[57,123435,84],{"class":67},[15,123437,131],{},[48,123439,123440],{"className":50,"code":43937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,123441,123442],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123443,123444,123446,123448,123450,123452,123454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123445,1384],{"class":76},[57,123447,1387],{"class":125},[57,123449,1390],{"class":938},[57,123451,1541],{"class":942},[57,123453,1395],{"class":938},[57,123455,1398],{"class":76},[15,123457,123458],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[43,123460,123462],{"id":123461},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[15,123464,123465],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[15,123467,123468],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[48,123470,123472],{"className":50,"code":123471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[19,123473,123474,123485,123490,123497,123501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123475,123476,123478,123480,123483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123477,88180],{"class":285},[57,123479,289],{"class":76},[57,123481,123482],{"class":938}," \"\"\"",[57,123484,87122],{"class":942},[57,123486,123487],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123488,123489],{"class":942},"Welcome to Python\n",[57,123491,123492,123495],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123493,123494],{"class":942},"Have a nice day",[57,123496,41502],{"class":938},[57,123498,123499],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,123500,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,123502,123503,123505,123507,123509],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,123504,64],{"class":63},[57,123506,68],{"class":67},[57,123508,88197],{"class":238},[57,123510,242],{"class":67},[15,123512,123513],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[48,123515,123517],{"className":50,"code":123516,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[19,123518,123519,123531,123536,123544,123548],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123520,123521,123523,123525,123528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123522,88180],{"class":285},[57,123524,289],{"class":76},[57,123526,123527],{"class":938}," '''",[57,123529,123530],{"class":942},"Line 1\n",[57,123532,123533],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123534,123535],{"class":942},"Line 2\n",[57,123537,123538,123541],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123539,123540],{"class":942},"Line 3",[57,123542,123543],{"class":938},"'''\n",[57,123545,123546],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,123547,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,123549,123550,123552,123554,123556],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,123551,64],{"class":63},[57,123553,68],{"class":67},[57,123555,88197],{"class":238},[57,123557,242],{"class":67},[15,123559,123560],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[15,123562,123563],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[43,123565,123567],{"id":123566},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[15,123569,17,123570,123572],{},[19,123571,45851],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[15,123574,123575],{},"Example with a number:",[48,123577,123579],{"className":50,"code":123578,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,123580,123581,123595,123605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123582,123583,123585,123587,123589,123591,123593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123584,32846],{"class":285},[57,123586,289],{"class":76},[57,123588,47072],{"class":990},[57,123590,68],{"class":67},[57,123592,44693],{"class":80},[57,123594,242],{"class":67},[57,123596,123597,123599,123601,123603],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123598,64],{"class":63},[57,123600,68],{"class":67},[57,123602,32867],{"class":238},[57,123604,242],{"class":67},[57,123606,123607,123609,123611,123613,123615,123617],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123608,64],{"class":63},[57,123610,68],{"class":67},[57,123612,1315],{"class":990},[57,123614,68],{"class":67},[57,123616,32867],{"class":238},[57,123618,84],{"class":67},[15,123620,131],{},[48,123622,123624],{"className":50,"code":123623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,123625,123626,123630],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123627,123628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123629,44779],{"class":80},[57,123631,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123633,1384],{"class":76},[57,123635,1387],{"class":125},[57,123637,1390],{"class":938},[57,123639,1541],{"class":942},[57,123641,1395],{"class":938},[57,123643,1398],{"class":76},[15,123645,123646],{},"You can also convert other values:",[48,123648,123650],{"className":50,"code":123649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[19,123651,123652,123666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123653,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123655,64],{"class":63},[57,123657,68],{"class":67},[57,123659,1541],{"class":990},[57,123661,68],{"class":67},[57,123663,1709],{"class":1965},[57,123665,84],{"class":67},[57,123667,123668,123670,123672,123674,123676,123678],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123669,64],{"class":63},[57,123671,68],{"class":67},[57,123673,1541],{"class":990},[57,123675,68],{"class":67},[57,123677,38307],{"class":80},[57,123679,84],{"class":67},[15,123681,123682],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[48,123684,123686],{"className":50,"code":123685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[19,123687,123688,123696,123718,123722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123689,123690,123692,123694],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123691,19780],{"class":285},[57,123693,289],{"class":76},[57,123695,43392],{"class":80},[57,123697,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123699,88180],{"class":285},[57,123701,289],{"class":76},[57,123703,1449],{"class":938},[57,123705,87598],{"class":942},[57,123707,939],{"class":938},[57,123709,533],{"class":76},[57,123711,47072],{"class":990},[57,123713,68],{"class":67},[57,123715,7436],{"class":238},[57,123717,242],{"class":67},[57,123719,123720],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123721,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,123723,123724,123726,123728,123730],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,123725,64],{"class":63},[57,123727,68],{"class":67},[57,123729,88197],{"class":238},[57,123731,242],{"class":67},[15,123733,123734,123735,965,123739,498],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[373,123736,1680,123737,1611],{"href":40340},[19,123738,45851],{},[373,123740,123741],{"href":121453},"how to convert int to string in Python",[43,123743,123745],{"id":123744},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[15,123747,123748],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[15,123750,123751],{},"Both of these are valid:",[48,123753,123755],{"className":50,"code":123754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[19,123756,123757,123769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123758,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123760,636],{"class":285},[57,123762,289],{"class":76},[57,123764,1390],{"class":938},[57,123766,5426],{"class":942},[57,123768,27855],{"class":938},[57,123770,123771,123773,123775,123777,123779],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123772,664],{"class":285},[57,123774,289],{"class":76},[57,123776,1449],{"class":938},[57,123778,5426],{"class":942},[57,123780,1455],{"class":938},[15,123782,123783],{},"A common rule is:",[27,123785,123786,123789,123792],{},[30,123787,123788],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[30,123790,123791],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[30,123793,123794],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[15,123796,275],{},[48,123798,123800],{"className":50,"code":123799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[19,123801,123802,123816,123830,123834,123845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123803,123804,123807,123809,123811,123814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123805,123806],{"class":285},"text1 ",[57,123808,289],{"class":76},[57,123810,1449],{"class":938},[57,123812,123813],{"class":942},"It's working",[57,123815,1455],{"class":938},[57,123817,123818,123821,123823,123825,123828],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123819,123820],{"class":285},"text2 ",[57,123822,289],{"class":76},[57,123824,1390],{"class":938},[57,123826,123827],{"class":942},"She said \"hello\"",[57,123829,27855],{"class":938},[57,123831,123832],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,123833,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,123835,123836,123838,123840,123843],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,123837,64],{"class":63},[57,123839,68],{"class":67},[57,123841,123842],{"class":238},"text1",[57,123844,242],{"class":67},[57,123846,123847,123849,123851,123854],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,123848,64],{"class":63},[57,123850,68],{"class":67},[57,123852,123853],{"class":238},"text2",[57,123855,242],{"class":67},[15,123857,123858],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[43,123860,123862],{"id":123861},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[15,123864,123865],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[15,123867,123868],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[48,123870,123872],{"className":50,"code":123871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[19,123873,123874,123879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123875,123876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123877,123878],{"class":1772},"# This will cause an error\n",[57,123880,123881],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123882,123883],{"class":1772},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,123885,123886,123887,33489,123889,123892],{},"Python sees the second ",[19,123888,1395],{},[19,123890,123891],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[15,123894,123895],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[48,123897,123899],{"className":50,"code":123898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[19,123900,123901,123920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123902,123903,123905,123907,123909,123912,123915,123918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123904,32846],{"class":285},[57,123906,289],{"class":76},[57,123908,1390],{"class":938},[57,123910,123911],{"class":942},"It",[57,123913,123914],{"class":32611},"\\'",[57,123916,123917],{"class":942},"s working",[57,123919,27855],{"class":938},[57,123921,123922,123924,123926,123928],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123923,64],{"class":63},[57,123925,68],{"class":67},[57,123927,32867],{"class":238},[57,123929,242],{"class":67},[15,123931,123932],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[48,123934,123936],{"className":50,"code":123935,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[19,123937,123938,123950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123939,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123941,32846],{"class":285},[57,123943,289],{"class":76},[57,123945,1449],{"class":938},[57,123947,123813],{"class":942},[57,123949,1455],{"class":938},[57,123951,123952,123954,123956,123958],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123953,64],{"class":63},[57,123955,68],{"class":67},[57,123957,32867],{"class":238},[57,123959,242],{"class":67},[15,123961,123962],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[15,123964,123965,123966,498],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[373,123967,123969],{"href":123968},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[43,123971,913],{"id":912},[15,123973,123974],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[616,123976,88387],{"id":88386},[15,123978,123979],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[48,123981,123983],{"className":50,"code":123982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[19,123984,123985,123989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123986,123987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123988,123878],{"class":1772},[57,123990,123991],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,123992,123993],{"class":1772},"# name = Alice\n",[15,123995,123996,123997,6736,124000,124002],{},"Python may raise a ",[19,123998,123999],{},"NameError",[19,124001,3125],{}," is not defined.",[15,124004,8947],{},[48,124006,124008],{"className":50,"code":124007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[19,124009,124010,124022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124011,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124013,6008],{"class":285},[57,124015,289],{"class":76},[57,124017,1449],{"class":938},[57,124019,3125],{"class":942},[57,124021,1455],{"class":938},[57,124023,124024,124026,124028,124030],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124025,64],{"class":63},[57,124027,68],{"class":67},[57,124029,5798],{"class":238},[57,124031,242],{"class":67},[616,124033,124035],{"id":124034},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[15,124037,124038],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[48,124040,124042],{"className":50,"code":124041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[19,124043,124044,124048],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124045,124046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124047,123878],{"class":1772},[57,124049,124050],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124051,124052],{"class":1772},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,124054,124055],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[48,124057,124059],{"className":50,"code":124058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[19,124060,124061,124078,124091,124095,124105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124062,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071,124073,124076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124064,123806],{"class":285},[57,124066,289],{"class":76},[57,124068,1390],{"class":938},[57,124070,123911],{"class":942},[57,124072,123914],{"class":32611},[57,124074,124075],{"class":942},"s good",[57,124077,27855],{"class":938},[57,124079,124080,124082,124084,124086,124089],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124081,123820],{"class":285},[57,124083,289],{"class":76},[57,124085,1449],{"class":938},[57,124087,124088],{"class":942},"It's good",[57,124090,1455],{"class":938},[57,124092,124093],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,124094,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,124096,124097,124099,124101,124103],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,124098,64],{"class":63},[57,124100,68],{"class":67},[57,124102,123842],{"class":238},[57,124104,242],{"class":67},[57,124106,124107,124109,124111,124113],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,124108,64],{"class":63},[57,124110,68],{"class":67},[57,124112,123853],{"class":238},[57,124114,242],{"class":67},[616,124116,124118],{"id":124117},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[15,124120,124121],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[48,124123,124125],{"className":50,"code":124124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[19,124126,124127,124139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124128,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124130,32846],{"class":285},[57,124132,289],{"class":76},[57,124134,123482],{"class":938},[57,124136,1958],{"class":942},[57,124138,41502],{"class":938},[57,124140,124141,124143,124145,124147],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124142,64],{"class":63},[57,124144,68],{"class":67},[57,124146,32867],{"class":238},[57,124148,242],{"class":67},[15,124150,124151],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[48,124153,124155],{"className":50,"code":124154,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[19,124156,124157,124169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124158,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124160,32846],{"class":285},[57,124162,289],{"class":76},[57,124164,1449],{"class":938},[57,124166,1958],{"class":942},[57,124168,1455],{"class":938},[57,124170,124171,124173,124175,124177],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124172,64],{"class":63},[57,124174,68],{"class":67},[57,124176,32867],{"class":238},[57,124178,242],{"class":67},[616,124180,2698,124182,2511,124184,124186],{"id":124181},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[19,124183,48414],{},[19,124185,48464],{}," are the same type",[15,124188,124189],{},"They are different:",[48,124191,124193],{"className":50,"code":124192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[19,124194,124195,124204,124217,124221,124235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124196,124197,124200,124202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124198,124199],{"class":285},"value1 ",[57,124201,289],{"class":76},[57,124203,123210],{"class":80},[57,124205,124206,124209,124211,124213,124215],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124207,124208],{"class":285},"value2 ",[57,124210,289],{"class":76},[57,124212,1449],{"class":938},[57,124214,48414],{"class":942},[57,124216,1455],{"class":938},[57,124218,124219],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,124220,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,124222,124223,124225,124227,124229,124231,124233],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,124224,64],{"class":63},[57,124226,68],{"class":67},[57,124228,1315],{"class":990},[57,124230,68],{"class":67},[57,124232,82943],{"class":238},[57,124234,84],{"class":67},[57,124236,124237,124239,124241,124243,124245,124248],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,124238,64],{"class":63},[57,124240,68],{"class":67},[57,124242,1315],{"class":990},[57,124244,68],{"class":67},[57,124246,124247],{"class":238},"value2",[57,124249,84],{"class":67},[15,124251,131],{},[48,124253,124255],{"className":50,"code":124254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,124256,124257,124271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124258,124259,124261,124263,124265,124267,124269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124260,1384],{"class":76},[57,124262,1387],{"class":125},[57,124264,1390],{"class":938},[57,124266,255],{"class":942},[57,124268,1395],{"class":938},[57,124270,1398],{"class":76},[57,124272,124273,124275,124277,124279,124281,124283],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124274,1384],{"class":76},[57,124276,1387],{"class":125},[57,124278,1390],{"class":938},[57,124280,1541],{"class":942},[57,124282,1395],{"class":938},[57,124284,1398],{"class":76},[616,124286,124288],{"id":124287},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[15,124290,124291],{},"This causes a type error:",[48,124293,124295],{"className":50,"code":124294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[19,124296,124297,124301,124306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124298,124299],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124300,123878],{"class":1772},[57,124302,124303],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124304,124305],{"class":1772},"# age = 10\n",[57,124307,124308],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,124309,124310],{"class":1772},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,124312,124313,124314,972],{},"Fix it with ",[19,124315,45851],{},[48,124317,124319],{"className":50,"code":124318,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[19,124320,124321,124329,124351,124355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124322,124323,124325,124327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124324,19780],{"class":285},[57,124326,289],{"class":76},[57,124328,669],{"class":80},[57,124330,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124332,88180],{"class":285},[57,124334,289],{"class":76},[57,124336,1449],{"class":938},[57,124338,87598],{"class":942},[57,124340,939],{"class":938},[57,124342,533],{"class":76},[57,124344,47072],{"class":990},[57,124346,68],{"class":67},[57,124348,7436],{"class":238},[57,124350,242],{"class":67},[57,124352,124353],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,124354,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,124356,124357,124359,124361,124363],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,124358,64],{"class":63},[57,124360,68],{"class":67},[57,124362,88197],{"class":238},[57,124364,242],{"class":67},[15,124366,124367,124368,498],{},"For this specific error, see ",[373,124369,88579],{"href":88578},[616,124371,58882],{"id":58881},[15,124373,124374],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[48,124376,124378],{"className":50,"code":124377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[19,124379,124380,124392,124396,124406,124420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124381,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124383,32846],{"class":285},[57,124385,289],{"class":76},[57,124387,1449],{"class":938},[57,124389,1958],{"class":942},[57,124391,1455],{"class":938},[57,124393,124394],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124395,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,124397,124398,124400,124402,124404],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,124399,64],{"class":63},[57,124401,68],{"class":67},[57,124403,32867],{"class":238},[57,124405,242],{"class":67},[57,124407,124408,124410,124412,124414,124416,124418],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,124409,64],{"class":63},[57,124411,68],{"class":67},[57,124413,1315],{"class":990},[57,124415,68],{"class":67},[57,124417,32867],{"class":238},[57,124419,84],{"class":67},[57,124421,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,124423,64],{"class":63},[57,124425,68],{"class":67},[57,124427,39944],{"class":63},[57,124429,68],{"class":67},[57,124431,32867],{"class":238},[57,124433,84],{"class":67},[27,124435,124436,124441,124446],{},[30,124437,124438,44445],{},[19,124439,124440],{},"print(text)",[30,124442,124443,44450],{},[19,124444,124445],{},"print(type(text))",[30,124447,124448,124451],{},[19,124449,124450],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[43,124453,1554],{"id":1553},[616,124455,124457],{"id":124456},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[15,124459,124460,124461,965,124464,498],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[19,124462,124463],{},"'hello'",[19,124465,62707],{},[616,124467,124469],{"id":124468},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[15,124471,124472],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[616,124474,124476],{"id":124475},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[15,124478,154,124479,965,124481,498],{},[19,124480,4398],{},[19,124482,1885],{},[616,124484,124486],{"id":124485},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[15,124488,154,124489,124491,124492,124494,124495,498],{},[19,124490,45851],{},", like ",[19,124493,78553],{},", which returns ",[19,124496,40291],{},[616,124498,124500],{"id":124499},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[15,124502,124503],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[43,124505,1602],{"id":1601},[27,124507,124508,124512,124518,124523,124532,124536],{},[30,124509,124510],{},[373,124511,123283],{"href":49144},[30,124513,124514],{},[373,124515,1680,124516,1611],{"href":40340},[19,124517,45851],{},[30,124519,124520],{},[373,124521,124522],{"href":121453},"How to convert int to string in Python",[30,124524,124525],{},[373,124526,124528,124529,8880],{"href":124527},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[19,124530,124531],{},"format()",[30,124533,124534],{},[373,124535,123969],{"href":123968},[30,124537,124538],{},[373,124539,88579],{"href":88578},[1634,124541,124542],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":124544},[124545,124546,124547,124548,124549,124550,124551,124552,124553,124562,124569],{"id":13309,"depth":87,"text":13310},{"id":123122,"depth":87,"text":123123},{"id":123286,"depth":87,"text":123287},{"id":123361,"depth":87,"text":123362},{"id":123461,"depth":87,"text":123462},{"id":123566,"depth":87,"text":123567},{"id":123744,"depth":87,"text":123745},{"id":123861,"depth":87,"text":123862},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":124554},[124555,124556,124557,124558,124560,124561],{"id":88386,"depth":103,"text":88387},{"id":124034,"depth":103,"text":124035},{"id":124117,"depth":103,"text":124118},{"id":124181,"depth":103,"text":124559},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":124287,"depth":103,"text":124288},{"id":58881,"depth":103,"text":58882},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":124563},[124564,124565,124566,124567,124568],{"id":124456,"depth":103,"text":124457},{"id":124468,"depth":103,"text":124469},{"id":124475,"depth":103,"text":124476},{"id":124485,"depth":103,"text":124486},{"id":124499,"depth":103,"text":124500},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":122984,"description":124570},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":124577,"title":124578,"body":124579,"description":126493,"extension":1666,"meta":126494,"navigation":317,"path":126495,"seo":126496,"stem":126497,"__hash__":126498},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":8,"value":124580,"toc":126454},[124581,124587,124592,124600,124602,124669,124671,124683,124692,124697,124701,124718,124720,124785,124787,124799,124804,124806,124834,124855,124858,124897,124899,124907,124911,124915,124919,124927,124930,124971,124973,124981,124984,125041,125043,125051,125055,125060,125104,125106,125114,125123,125127,125132,125180,125182,125190,125196,125198,125202,125214,125219,125298,125300,125320,125324,125328,125368,125370,125378,125382,125425,125427,125435,125439,125479,125481,125489,125493,125549,125551,125559,125565,125567,125571,125581,125648,125650,125663,125670,125713,125715,125723,125727,125730,125786,125788,125796,125799,125801,125878,125880,125888,125897,125899,125903,125907,125909,125931,125934,125981,125985,126024,126026,126034,126036,126078,126085,126090,126152,126154,126166,126172,126177,126226,126228,126247,126253,126255,126274,126276,126367,126369,126375,126382,126388,126394,126399,126408,126415,126423,126425,126451],[11,124582,121528,124584,9463],{"id":124583},"python-string-endswith-method",[19,124585,124586],{},"endswith()",[15,124588,121533,124589,124591],{},[19,124590,124586],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[15,124593,124594,124595,965,124597,124599],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[19,124596,1709],{},[19,124598,1783],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[43,124601,46],{"id":45},[48,124603,124605],{"className":50,"code":124604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[19,124606,124607,124621,124646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124608,124609,124612,124614,124616,124619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124610,124611],{"class":285},"filename ",[57,124613,289],{"class":76},[57,124615,1449],{"class":938},[57,124617,124618],{"class":942},"report.csv",[57,124620,1455],{"class":938},[57,124622,124623,124625,124627,124630,124632,124635,124637,124639,124642,124644],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124624,64],{"class":63},[57,124626,68],{"class":67},[57,124628,124629],{"class":238},"filename",[57,124631,498],{"class":67},[57,124633,124634],{"class":238},"endswith",[57,124636,68],{"class":67},[57,124638,939],{"class":938},[57,124640,124641],{"class":942},".csv",[57,124643,939],{"class":938},[57,124645,84],{"class":67},[57,124647,124648,124650,124652,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124665,124667],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,124649,64],{"class":63},[57,124651,68],{"class":67},[57,124653,124629],{"class":238},[57,124655,498],{"class":67},[57,124657,124634],{"class":238},[57,124659,68],{"class":67},[57,124661,939],{"class":938},[57,124663,124664],{"class":942},".txt",[57,124666,939],{"class":938},[57,124668,84],{"class":67},[15,124670,131],{},[48,124672,124673],{"className":50,"code":42340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,124674,124675,124679],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124676,124677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124678,2095],{"class":1965},[57,124680,124681],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124682,2156],{"class":1965},[15,124684,154,124685,3493,124687,965,124689,124691],{},[19,124686,124586],{},[19,124688,1709],{},[19,124690,1783],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[43,124693,1787,124695,1790],{"id":124694},"what-endswith-does",[19,124696,124586],{},[15,124698,124699,972],{},[19,124700,124586],{},[27,124702,124703,124706,124712,124715],{},[30,124704,124705],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[30,124707,9565,124708,965,124710],{},[19,124709,1709],{},[19,124711,1783],{},[30,124713,124714],{},"Does not change the original string",[30,124716,124717],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[15,124719,275],{},[48,124721,124723],{"className":50,"code":124722,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[19,124724,124725,124737,124741,124763],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124726,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124728,32846],{"class":285},[57,124730,289],{"class":76},[57,124732,1449],{"class":938},[57,124734,58578],{"class":942},[57,124736,1455],{"class":938},[57,124738,124739],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124740,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,124742,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751,124753,124755,124757,124759,124761],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,124744,64],{"class":63},[57,124746,68],{"class":67},[57,124748,32867],{"class":238},[57,124750,498],{"class":67},[57,124752,124634],{"class":238},[57,124754,68],{"class":67},[57,124756,939],{"class":938},[57,124758,58763],{"class":942},[57,124760,939],{"class":938},[57,124762,84],{"class":67},[57,124764,124765,124767,124769,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,124766,64],{"class":63},[57,124768,68],{"class":67},[57,124770,32867],{"class":238},[57,124772,498],{"class":67},[57,124774,124634],{"class":238},[57,124776,68],{"class":67},[57,124778,939],{"class":938},[57,124780,1958],{"class":942},[57,124782,939],{"class":938},[57,124784,84],{"class":67},[15,124786,131],{},[48,124788,124789],{"className":50,"code":42340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,124790,124791,124795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124792,124793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124794,2095],{"class":1965},[57,124796,124797],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124798,2156],{"class":1965},[15,124800,124801,124802,498],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[373,124803,123283],{"href":49144},[43,124805,221],{"id":220},[48,124807,124809],{"className":50,"code":124808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[19,124810,124811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124812,124813,124815,124817,124819,124821,124824,124826,124828,124830,124832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124814,59346],{"class":285},[57,124816,498],{"class":67},[57,124818,124634],{"class":238},[57,124820,68],{"class":67},[57,124822,124823],{"class":238},"suffix",[57,124825,1081],{"class":67},[57,124827,34212],{"class":238},[57,124829,1081],{"class":67},[57,124831,63213],{"class":238},[57,124833,242],{"class":67},[27,124835,124836,124841,124848],{},[30,124837,124838,124840],{},[19,124839,124823],{}," is required",[30,124842,124843,2511,124845,124847],{},[19,124844,34233],{},[19,124846,50830],{}," are optional",[30,124849,124850,2511,124852,124854],{},[19,124851,34233],{},[19,124853,50830],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[15,124856,124857],{},"Basic example:",[48,124859,124861],{"className":50,"code":124860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[19,124862,124863,124875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124864,124865,124867,124869,124871,124873],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124866,124611],{"class":285},[57,124868,289],{"class":76},[57,124870,1449],{"class":938},[57,124872,85068],{"class":942},[57,124874,1455],{"class":938},[57,124876,124877,124879,124881,124883,124885,124887,124889,124891,124893,124895],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124878,64],{"class":63},[57,124880,68],{"class":67},[57,124882,124629],{"class":238},[57,124884,498],{"class":67},[57,124886,124634],{"class":238},[57,124888,68],{"class":67},[57,124890,939],{"class":938},[57,124892,124664],{"class":942},[57,124894,939],{"class":938},[57,124896,84],{"class":67},[15,124898,131],{},[48,124900,124901],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,124902,124903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124904,124905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124906,2095],{"class":1965},[43,124908,124910],{"id":124909},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[616,124912,124913],{"id":124823},[19,124914,124823],{},[15,124916,124917,28906],{},[19,124918,124823],{},[27,124920,124921,124924],{},[30,124922,124923],{},"A single string",[30,124925,124926],{},"A tuple of strings",[15,124928,124929],{},"Single suffix:",[48,124931,124933],{"className":50,"code":124932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[19,124934,124935,124948],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124936,124937,124939,124941,124943,124946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124938,6008],{"class":285},[57,124940,289],{"class":76},[57,124942,1449],{"class":938},[57,124944,124945],{"class":942},"image.png",[57,124947,1455],{"class":938},[57,124949,124950,124952,124954,124956,124958,124960,124962,124964,124967,124969],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,124951,64],{"class":63},[57,124953,68],{"class":67},[57,124955,5798],{"class":238},[57,124957,498],{"class":67},[57,124959,124634],{"class":238},[57,124961,68],{"class":67},[57,124963,939],{"class":938},[57,124965,124966],{"class":942},".png",[57,124968,939],{"class":938},[57,124970,84],{"class":67},[15,124972,131],{},[48,124974,124975],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,124976,124977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124978,124979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124980,2095],{"class":1965},[15,124982,124983],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[48,124985,124987],{"className":50,"code":124986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[19,124988,124989,125001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124990,124991,124993,124995,124997,124999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124992,6008],{"class":285},[57,124994,289],{"class":76},[57,124996,1449],{"class":938},[57,124998,124945],{"class":942},[57,125000,1455],{"class":938},[57,125002,125003,125005,125007,125009,125011,125013,125015,125017,125020,125022,125024,125026,125028,125030,125032,125034,125037,125039],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125004,64],{"class":63},[57,125006,68],{"class":67},[57,125008,5798],{"class":238},[57,125010,498],{"class":67},[57,125012,124634],{"class":238},[57,125014,3635],{"class":67},[57,125016,939],{"class":938},[57,125018,125019],{"class":942},".jpg",[57,125021,939],{"class":938},[57,125023,1081],{"class":67},[57,125025,1449],{"class":938},[57,125027,124966],{"class":942},[57,125029,939],{"class":938},[57,125031,1081],{"class":67},[57,125033,1449],{"class":938},[57,125035,125036],{"class":942},".gif",[57,125038,939],{"class":938},[57,125040,1001],{"class":67},[15,125042,131],{},[48,125044,125045],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125046,125047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125048,125049],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125050,2095],{"class":1965},[616,125052,125053],{"id":34233},[19,125054,34233],{},[15,125056,125057,125059],{},[19,125058,34233],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[48,125061,125063],{"className":50,"code":125062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[19,125064,125065,125078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125066,125067,125069,125071,125073,125076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125068,32846],{"class":285},[57,125070,289],{"class":76},[57,125072,1449],{"class":938},[57,125074,125075],{"class":942},"my_report.csv",[57,125077,1455],{"class":938},[57,125079,125080,125082,125084,125086,125088,125090,125092,125094,125096,125098,125100,125102],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125081,64],{"class":63},[57,125083,68],{"class":67},[57,125085,32867],{"class":238},[57,125087,498],{"class":67},[57,125089,124634],{"class":238},[57,125091,68],{"class":67},[57,125093,939],{"class":938},[57,125095,124641],{"class":942},[57,125097,939],{"class":938},[57,125099,1081],{"class":67},[57,125101,530],{"class":80},[57,125103,84],{"class":67},[15,125105,131],{},[48,125107,125108],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125109,125110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125111,125112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125113,2095],{"class":1965},[15,125115,125116,125117,125119,125120,498],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[19,125118,122],{}," onward, which is ",[19,125121,125122],{},"\"report.csv\"",[616,125124,125125],{"id":50830},[19,125126,50830],{},[15,125128,125129,125131],{},[19,125130,50830],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[48,125133,125135],{"className":50,"code":125134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[19,125136,125137,125150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125138,125139,125141,125143,125145,125148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125140,32846],{"class":285},[57,125142,289],{"class":76},[57,125144,1449],{"class":938},[57,125146,125147],{"class":942},"report.csv backup",[57,125149,1455],{"class":938},[57,125151,125152,125154,125156,125158,125160,125162,125164,125166,125168,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125153,64],{"class":63},[57,125155,68],{"class":67},[57,125157,32867],{"class":238},[57,125159,498],{"class":67},[57,125161,124634],{"class":238},[57,125163,68],{"class":67},[57,125165,939],{"class":938},[57,125167,124641],{"class":942},[57,125169,939],{"class":938},[57,125171,1081],{"class":67},[57,125173,1946],{"class":80},[57,125175,1081],{"class":67},[57,125177,4130],{"class":80},[57,125179,84],{"class":67},[15,125181,131],{},[48,125183,125184],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125185,125186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125187,125188],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125189,2095],{"class":1965},[15,125191,125192,125193,125195],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[19,125194,125122],{}," and ignores the rest.",[43,125197,15568],{"id":15567},[15,125199,125200,23662],{},[19,125201,124586],{},[27,125203,125204,125209],{},[30,125205,125206,125208],{},[19,125207,1709],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[30,125210,125211,125213],{},[19,125212,1783],{}," if it does not",[15,125215,125216,125217,5301],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[19,125218,5126],{},[48,125220,125222],{"className":50,"code":125221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[19,125223,125224,125237,125241,125262,125277,125283],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125225,125226,125228,125230,125232,125235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125227,124611],{"class":285},[57,125229,289],{"class":76},[57,125231,1449],{"class":938},[57,125233,125234],{"class":942},"data.csv",[57,125236,1455],{"class":938},[57,125238,125239],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125240,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,125242,125243,125245,125248,125250,125252,125254,125256,125258,125260],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,125244,5126],{"class":1990},[57,125246,125247],{"class":285}," filename",[57,125249,498],{"class":67},[57,125251,124634],{"class":238},[57,125253,68],{"class":67},[57,125255,939],{"class":938},[57,125257,124641],{"class":942},[57,125259,939],{"class":938},[57,125261,6475],{"class":67},[57,125263,125264,125266,125268,125270,125273,125275],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,125265,6201],{"class":63},[57,125267,68],{"class":67},[57,125269,939],{"class":938},[57,125271,125272],{"class":942},"This is a CSV file.",[57,125274,939],{"class":938},[57,125276,242],{"class":67},[57,125278,125279,125281],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,125280,25588],{"class":1990},[57,125282,4520],{"class":67},[57,125284,125285,125287,125289,125291,125294,125296],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,125286,6201],{"class":63},[57,125288,68],{"class":67},[57,125290,939],{"class":938},[57,125292,125293],{"class":942},"This is not a CSV file.",[57,125295,939],{"class":938},[57,125297,242],{"class":67},[15,125299,131],{},[48,125301,125303],{"className":50,"code":125302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a CSV file.\n",[19,125304,125305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125306,125307,125309,125311,125313,125316,125318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125308,48047],{"class":285},[57,125310,10337],{"class":76},[57,125312,42711],{"class":285},[57,125314,125315],{"class":32611},"CSV",[57,125317,84809],{"class":84808},[57,125319,120560],{"class":67},[43,125321,125323],{"id":125322},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[616,125325,125327],{"id":125326},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[48,125329,125331],{"className":50,"code":125330,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[19,125332,125333,125346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125334,125335,125337,125339,125341,125344],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125336,124611],{"class":285},[57,125338,289],{"class":76},[57,125340,1449],{"class":938},[57,125342,125343],{"class":942},"sales.csv",[57,125345,1455],{"class":938},[57,125347,125348,125350,125352,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362,125364,125366],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125349,64],{"class":63},[57,125351,68],{"class":67},[57,125353,124629],{"class":238},[57,125355,498],{"class":67},[57,125357,124634],{"class":238},[57,125359,68],{"class":67},[57,125361,939],{"class":938},[57,125363,124641],{"class":942},[57,125365,939],{"class":938},[57,125367,84],{"class":67},[15,125369,131],{},[48,125371,125372],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125373,125374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125375,125376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125377,2095],{"class":1965},[616,125379,125381],{"id":125380},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[48,125383,125385],{"className":50,"code":125384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[19,125386,125387,125401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125388,125389,125392,125394,125396,125399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125390,125391],{"class":285},"url ",[57,125393,289],{"class":76},[57,125395,1449],{"class":938},[57,125397,125398],{"class":942},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[57,125400,1455],{"class":938},[57,125402,125403,125405,125407,125410,125412,125414,125416,125418,125421,125423],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125404,64],{"class":63},[57,125406,68],{"class":67},[57,125408,125409],{"class":238},"url",[57,125411,498],{"class":67},[57,125413,124634],{"class":238},[57,125415,68],{"class":67},[57,125417,939],{"class":938},[57,125419,125420],{"class":942},"\u002F",[57,125422,939],{"class":938},[57,125424,84],{"class":67},[15,125426,131],{},[48,125428,125429],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125430,125431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125432,125433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125434,2095],{"class":1965},[616,125436,125438],{"id":125437},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[48,125440,125442],{"className":50,"code":125441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[19,125443,125444,125457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125445,125446,125448,125450,125452,125455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125447,88180],{"class":285},[57,125449,289],{"class":76},[57,125451,1449],{"class":938},[57,125453,125454],{"class":942},"Hello!",[57,125456,1455],{"class":938},[57,125458,125459,125461,125463,125465,125467,125469,125471,125473,125475,125477],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125460,64],{"class":63},[57,125462,68],{"class":67},[57,125464,88197],{"class":238},[57,125466,498],{"class":67},[57,125468,124634],{"class":238},[57,125470,68],{"class":67},[57,125472,939],{"class":938},[57,125474,88021],{"class":942},[57,125476,939],{"class":938},[57,125478,84],{"class":67},[15,125480,131],{},[48,125482,125483],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125484,125485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125486,125487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125488,2095],{"class":1965},[616,125490,125492],{"id":125491},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[48,125494,125496],{"className":50,"code":125495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[19,125497,125498,125511],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125499,125500,125502,125504,125506,125509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125501,124611],{"class":285},[57,125503,289],{"class":76},[57,125505,1449],{"class":938},[57,125507,125508],{"class":942},"photo.jpg",[57,125510,1455],{"class":938},[57,125512,125513,125515,125517,125519,125521,125523,125525,125527,125529,125531,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541,125543,125545,125547],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125514,64],{"class":63},[57,125516,68],{"class":67},[57,125518,124629],{"class":238},[57,125520,498],{"class":67},[57,125522,124634],{"class":238},[57,125524,3635],{"class":67},[57,125526,939],{"class":938},[57,125528,125019],{"class":942},[57,125530,939],{"class":938},[57,125532,1081],{"class":67},[57,125534,1449],{"class":938},[57,125536,124966],{"class":942},[57,125538,939],{"class":938},[57,125540,1081],{"class":67},[57,125542,1449],{"class":938},[57,125544,125036],{"class":942},[57,125546,939],{"class":938},[57,125548,1001],{"class":67},[15,125550,131],{},[48,125552,125553],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125554,125555],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125556,125557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125558,2095],{"class":1965},[15,125560,125561,125562,498],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[373,125563,125564],{"href":121783},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[43,125566,122175],{"id":122174},[15,125568,125569,121986],{},[19,125570,124586],{},[15,125572,125573,125574,2511,125577,125580],{},"That means ",[19,125575,125576],{},"\".CSV\"",[19,125578,125579],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[48,125582,125584],{"className":50,"code":125583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[19,125585,125586,125599,125603,125625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125587,125588,125590,125592,125594,125597],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125589,124611],{"class":285},[57,125591,289],{"class":76},[57,125593,1449],{"class":938},[57,125595,125596],{"class":942},"REPORT.CSV",[57,125598,1455],{"class":938},[57,125600,125601],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125602,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611,125613,125615,125617,125619,125621,125623],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,125606,64],{"class":63},[57,125608,68],{"class":67},[57,125610,124629],{"class":238},[57,125612,498],{"class":67},[57,125614,124634],{"class":238},[57,125616,68],{"class":67},[57,125618,939],{"class":938},[57,125620,124641],{"class":942},[57,125622,939],{"class":938},[57,125624,84],{"class":67},[57,125626,125627,125629,125631,125633,125635,125637,125639,125641,125644,125646],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,125628,64],{"class":63},[57,125630,68],{"class":67},[57,125632,124629],{"class":238},[57,125634,498],{"class":67},[57,125636,124634],{"class":238},[57,125638,68],{"class":67},[57,125640,939],{"class":938},[57,125642,125643],{"class":942},".CSV",[57,125645,939],{"class":938},[57,125647,84],{"class":67},[15,125649,131],{},[48,125651,125653],{"className":50,"code":125652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\n",[19,125654,125655,125659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125656,125657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125658,2156],{"class":1965},[57,125660,125661],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125662,2095],{"class":1965},[15,125664,125665,125666,498],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[373,125667,125668],{"href":122255},[19,125669,122258],{},[48,125671,125673],{"className":50,"code":125672,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[19,125674,125675,125687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125676,125677,125679,125681,125683,125685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125678,124611],{"class":285},[57,125680,289],{"class":76},[57,125682,1449],{"class":938},[57,125684,125596],{"class":942},[57,125686,1455],{"class":938},[57,125688,125689,125691,125693,125695,125697,125699,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709,125711],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125690,64],{"class":63},[57,125692,68],{"class":67},[57,125694,124629],{"class":238},[57,125696,498],{"class":67},[57,125698,6775],{"class":238},[57,125700,6772],{"class":67},[57,125702,124634],{"class":238},[57,125704,68],{"class":67},[57,125706,939],{"class":938},[57,125708,124641],{"class":942},[57,125710,939],{"class":938},[57,125712,84],{"class":67},[15,125714,131],{},[48,125716,125717],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125718,125719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125720,125721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125722,2095],{"class":1965},[43,125724,125726],{"id":125725},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[15,125728,125729],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[48,125731,125733],{"className":50,"code":125732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[19,125734,125735,125748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125736,125737,125739,125741,125743,125746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125738,124611],{"class":285},[57,125740,289],{"class":76},[57,125742,1449],{"class":938},[57,125744,125745],{"class":942},"picture.gif",[57,125747,1455],{"class":938},[57,125749,125750,125752,125754,125756,125758,125760,125762,125764,125766,125768,125770,125772,125774,125776,125778,125780,125782,125784],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125751,64],{"class":63},[57,125753,68],{"class":67},[57,125755,124629],{"class":238},[57,125757,498],{"class":67},[57,125759,124634],{"class":238},[57,125761,3635],{"class":67},[57,125763,939],{"class":938},[57,125765,125019],{"class":942},[57,125767,939],{"class":938},[57,125769,1081],{"class":67},[57,125771,1449],{"class":938},[57,125773,124966],{"class":942},[57,125775,939],{"class":938},[57,125777,1081],{"class":67},[57,125779,1449],{"class":938},[57,125781,125036],{"class":942},[57,125783,939],{"class":938},[57,125785,1001],{"class":67},[15,125787,131],{},[48,125789,125790],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125791,125792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125793,125794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125795,2095],{"class":1965},[15,125797,125798],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[15,125800,50249],{},[48,125802,125804],{"className":50,"code":125803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[19,125805,125806,125819,125854,125858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125807,125808,125811,125813,125815,125817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125809,125810],{"class":285},"document ",[57,125812,289],{"class":76},[57,125814,1449],{"class":938},[57,125816,85068],{"class":942},[57,125818,1455],{"class":938},[57,125820,125821,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832,125834,125836,125838,125841,125843,125845,125847,125850,125852],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125822,125823],{"class":285},"allowed ",[57,125825,289],{"class":76},[57,125827,7373],{"class":67},[57,125829,939],{"class":938},[57,125831,124664],{"class":942},[57,125833,939],{"class":938},[57,125835,1081],{"class":67},[57,125837,1449],{"class":938},[57,125839,125840],{"class":942},".md",[57,125842,939],{"class":938},[57,125844,1081],{"class":67},[57,125846,1449],{"class":938},[57,125848,125849],{"class":942},".docx",[57,125851,939],{"class":938},[57,125853,242],{"class":67},[57,125855,125856],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,125857,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,125859,125860,125862,125864,125867,125869,125871,125873,125876],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,125861,64],{"class":63},[57,125863,68],{"class":67},[57,125865,125866],{"class":238},"document",[57,125868,498],{"class":67},[57,125870,124634],{"class":238},[57,125872,68],{"class":67},[57,125874,125875],{"class":238},"allowed",[57,125877,84],{"class":67},[15,125879,131],{},[48,125881,125882],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,125883,125884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125885,125886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125887,2095],{"class":1965},[15,125889,125890,125891,498],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[373,125892,124528,125894,8880],{"href":125893},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[19,125895,125896],{},"startswith()",[43,125898,913],{"id":912},[15,125900,6581,125901,498],{},[19,125902,124586],{},[616,125904,125906],{"id":125905},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[15,125908,2644],{},[48,125910,125912],{"className":50,"code":125911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[19,125913,125914,125926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125915,125916,125918,125920,125922,125924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125917,124611],{"class":285},[57,125919,289],{"class":76},[57,125921,1449],{"class":938},[57,125923,125508],{"class":942},[57,125925,1455],{"class":938},[57,125927,125928],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125929,125930],{"class":1772},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,125932,125933],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[48,125935,125937],{"className":50,"code":125936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[19,125938,125939,125951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125940,125941,125943,125945,125947,125949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125942,124611],{"class":285},[57,125944,289],{"class":76},[57,125946,1449],{"class":938},[57,125948,125508],{"class":942},[57,125950,1455],{"class":938},[57,125952,125953,125955,125957,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971,125973,125975,125977,125979],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,125954,64],{"class":63},[57,125956,68],{"class":67},[57,125958,124629],{"class":238},[57,125960,498],{"class":67},[57,125962,124634],{"class":238},[57,125964,3635],{"class":67},[57,125966,939],{"class":938},[57,125968,125019],{"class":942},[57,125970,939],{"class":938},[57,125972,1081],{"class":67},[57,125974,1449],{"class":938},[57,125976,124966],{"class":942},[57,125978,939],{"class":938},[57,125980,1001],{"class":67},[616,125982,125984],{"id":125983},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[48,125986,125988],{"className":50,"code":125987,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[19,125989,125990,126002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125991,125992,125994,125996,125998,126000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125993,124611],{"class":285},[57,125995,289],{"class":76},[57,125997,1449],{"class":938},[57,125999,125596],{"class":942},[57,126001,1455],{"class":938},[57,126003,126004,126006,126008,126010,126012,126014,126016,126018,126020,126022],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126005,64],{"class":63},[57,126007,68],{"class":67},[57,126009,124629],{"class":238},[57,126011,498],{"class":67},[57,126013,124634],{"class":238},[57,126015,68],{"class":67},[57,126017,939],{"class":938},[57,126019,124641],{"class":942},[57,126021,939],{"class":938},[57,126023,84],{"class":67},[15,126025,131],{},[48,126027,126028],{"className":50,"code":2156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,126029,126030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126031,126032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126033,2156],{"class":1965},[15,126035,37425],{},[48,126037,126038],{"className":50,"code":125672,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,126039,126040,126052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126041,126042,126044,126046,126048,126050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126043,124611],{"class":285},[57,126045,289],{"class":76},[57,126047,1449],{"class":938},[57,126049,125596],{"class":942},[57,126051,1455],{"class":938},[57,126053,126054,126056,126058,126060,126062,126064,126066,126068,126070,126072,126074,126076],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126055,64],{"class":63},[57,126057,68],{"class":67},[57,126059,124629],{"class":238},[57,126061,498],{"class":67},[57,126063,6775],{"class":238},[57,126065,6772],{"class":67},[57,126067,124634],{"class":238},[57,126069,68],{"class":67},[57,126071,939],{"class":938},[57,126073,124641],{"class":942},[57,126075,939],{"class":938},[57,126077,84],{"class":67},[616,126079,35366,126081,6840,126083],{"id":126080},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[19,126082,124586],{},[19,126084,1997],{},[15,126086,126087,126089],{},[19,126088,124586],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[48,126091,126093],{"className":50,"code":126092,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[19,126094,126095,126108,126112,126134],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126096,126097,126099,126101,126103,126106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126098,32846],{"class":285},[57,126100,289],{"class":76},[57,126102,1449],{"class":938},[57,126104,126105],{"class":942},"my_report.csv.backup",[57,126107,1455],{"class":938},[57,126109,126110],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126111,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,126113,126114,126116,126118,126120,126122,126124,126126,126128,126130,126132],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,126115,64],{"class":63},[57,126117,68],{"class":67},[57,126119,32867],{"class":238},[57,126121,498],{"class":67},[57,126123,124634],{"class":238},[57,126125,68],{"class":67},[57,126127,939],{"class":938},[57,126129,124641],{"class":942},[57,126131,939],{"class":938},[57,126133,84],{"class":67},[57,126135,126136,126138,126140,126142,126144,126146,126148,126150],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,126137,64],{"class":63},[57,126139,68],{"class":67},[57,126141,939],{"class":938},[57,126143,124641],{"class":942},[57,126145,939],{"class":938},[57,126147,19325],{"class":1990},[57,126149,41007],{"class":238},[57,126151,242],{"class":67},[15,126153,131],{},[48,126155,126156],{"className":50,"code":125652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,126157,126158,126162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126159,126160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126161,2156],{"class":1965},[57,126163,126164],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126165,2095],{"class":1965},[616,126167,6587,126169,126171],{"id":126168},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[19,126170,124586],{}," to remove the suffix",[15,126173,126174,126176],{},[19,126175,124586],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[48,126178,126180],{"className":50,"code":126179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[19,126181,126182,126194,126216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126183,126184,126186,126188,126190,126192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126185,124611],{"class":285},[57,126187,289],{"class":76},[57,126189,1449],{"class":938},[57,126191,124618],{"class":942},[57,126193,1455],{"class":938},[57,126195,126196,126198,126200,126202,126204,126206,126208,126210,126212,126214],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126197,64],{"class":63},[57,126199,68],{"class":67},[57,126201,124629],{"class":238},[57,126203,498],{"class":67},[57,126205,124634],{"class":238},[57,126207,68],{"class":67},[57,126209,939],{"class":938},[57,126211,124641],{"class":942},[57,126213,939],{"class":938},[57,126215,84],{"class":67},[57,126217,126218,126220,126222,126224],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,126219,64],{"class":63},[57,126221,68],{"class":67},[57,126223,124629],{"class":238},[57,126225,242],{"class":67},[15,126227,131],{},[48,126229,126231],{"className":50,"code":126230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nreport.csv\n",[19,126232,126233,126237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126234,126235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126236,2095],{"class":1965},[57,126238,126239,126242,126244],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126240,126241],{"class":285},"report",[57,126243,498],{"class":67},[57,126245,126246],{"class":22903},"csv\n",[15,126248,126249,126250,498],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[373,126251,126252],{"href":122696},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[15,126254,64236],{},[27,126256,126257,126260,126263,126266],{},[30,126258,126259],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[30,126261,126262],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[30,126264,126265],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[30,126267,6551,126268,42796,126270,965,126272,109725],{},[19,126269,124586],{},[19,126271,122699],{},[19,126273,39818],{},[15,126275,28291],{},[48,126277,126279],{"className":50,"code":126278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[19,126280,126281,126291,126305,126327,126353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126282,126283,126285,126287,126289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126284,64],{"class":63},[57,126286,68],{"class":67},[57,126288,32867],{"class":238},[57,126290,242],{"class":67},[57,126292,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301,126303],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126294,64],{"class":63},[57,126296,68],{"class":67},[57,126298,39944],{"class":63},[57,126300,68],{"class":67},[57,126302,32867],{"class":238},[57,126304,84],{"class":67},[57,126306,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,126308,64],{"class":63},[57,126310,68],{"class":67},[57,126312,32867],{"class":238},[57,126314,498],{"class":67},[57,126316,124634],{"class":238},[57,126318,68],{"class":67},[57,126320,1395],{"class":938},[57,126322,124641],{"class":942},[57,126324,1395],{"class":938},[57,126326,84],{"class":67},[57,126328,126329,126331,126333,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345,126347,126349,126351],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,126330,64],{"class":63},[57,126332,68],{"class":67},[57,126334,32867],{"class":238},[57,126336,498],{"class":67},[57,126338,6775],{"class":238},[57,126340,6772],{"class":67},[57,126342,124634],{"class":238},[57,126344,68],{"class":67},[57,126346,1395],{"class":938},[57,126348,124641],{"class":942},[57,126350,1395],{"class":938},[57,126352,84],{"class":67},[57,126354,126355,126357,126359,126361,126363,126365],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,126356,64],{"class":63},[57,126358,68],{"class":67},[57,126360,1315],{"class":990},[57,126362,68],{"class":67},[57,126364,32867],{"class":238},[57,126366,84],{"class":67},[43,126368,1554],{"id":1553},[616,126370,10848,126372,126374],{"id":126371},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[19,126373,124586],{}," change the string?",[15,126376,126377,126378,965,126380,498],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[19,126379,1709],{},[19,126381,1783],{},[616,126383,3292,126385,126387],{"id":126384},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[19,126386,124586],{}," check more than one ending?",[15,126389,126390,126391,498],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[19,126392,126393],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[616,126395,13050,126397,122864],{"id":126396},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[19,126398,124586],{},[15,126400,126401,126402,965,126404,126407],{},"Yes. Use ",[19,126403,122258],{},[19,126405,126406],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[616,126409,3302,126411,2511,126413,572],{"id":126410},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[19,126412,124586],{},[19,126414,122523],{},[15,126416,126417,126419,126420,126422],{},[19,126418,124586],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[19,126421,122523],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[43,126424,1602],{"id":1601},[27,126426,126427,126433,126439,126443,126447],{},[30,126428,126429],{},[373,126430,124528,126431,8880],{"href":125893},[19,126432,125896],{},[30,126434,126435],{},[373,126436,124528,126437,8880],{"href":122255},[19,126438,122258],{},[30,126440,126441],{},[373,126442,122927],{"href":121783},[30,126444,126445],{},[373,126446,122934],{"href":122696},[30,126448,126449],{},[373,126450,123283],{"href":49144},[1634,126452,126453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":126455},[126456,126457,126459,126460,126465,126466,126472,126473,126474,126482,126492],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":124694,"depth":87,"text":126458},"What endswith() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":124909,"depth":87,"text":124910,"children":126461},[126462,126463,126464],{"id":124823,"depth":103,"text":124823},{"id":34233,"depth":103,"text":34233},{"id":50830,"depth":103,"text":50830},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":125322,"depth":87,"text":125323,"children":126467},[126468,126469,126470,126471],{"id":125326,"depth":103,"text":125327},{"id":125380,"depth":103,"text":125381},{"id":125437,"depth":103,"text":125438},{"id":125491,"depth":103,"text":125492},{"id":122174,"depth":87,"text":122175},{"id":125725,"depth":87,"text":125726},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":126475},[126476,126477,126478,126480],{"id":125905,"depth":103,"text":125906},{"id":125983,"depth":103,"text":125984},{"id":126080,"depth":103,"text":126479},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":126168,"depth":103,"text":126481},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":126483},[126484,126486,126488,126490],{"id":126371,"depth":103,"text":126485},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":126384,"depth":103,"text":126487},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":126396,"depth":103,"text":126489},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":126410,"depth":103,"text":126491},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":124578,"description":126493},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":126500,"title":126501,"body":126502,"description":128170,"extension":1666,"meta":128171,"navigation":317,"path":128172,"seo":128173,"stem":128174,"__hash__":128175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":8,"value":126503,"toc":128143},[126504,126509,126514,126519,126524,126617,126627,126632,126637,126652,126654,126736,126744,126746,126748,126775,126777,126793,126800,126802,126910,126912,126917,126933,126935,127030,127038,127041,127047,127052,127057,127064,127203,127206,127219,127221,127225,127232,127302,127305,127354,127361,127368,127382,127387,127392,127438,127484,127500,127502,127507,127521,127524,127646,127651,127653,127658,127691,127694,127770,127772,127781,127795,127798,127882,127885,127996,127999,128027,128029,128036,128040,128046,128049,128055,128058,128065,128076,128082,128089,128091,128140],[11,126505,121528,126507,9463],{"id":126506},"python-string-find-method",[19,126508,122523],{},[15,126510,121533,126511,126513],{},[19,126512,122523],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[15,126515,126516,126517,498],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[19,126518,64027],{},[15,126520,154,126521,126523],{},[19,126522,122523],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[48,126525,126527],{"className":50,"code":126526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[19,126528,126529,126541,126564,126577,126581,126604],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126530,126531,126533,126535,126537,126539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126532,32846],{"class":285},[57,126534,289],{"class":76},[57,126536,1449],{"class":938},[57,126538,58578],{"class":942},[57,126540,1455],{"class":938},[57,126542,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126544,63092],{"class":285},[57,126546,289],{"class":76},[57,126548,41007],{"class":285},[57,126550,498],{"class":67},[57,126552,126553],{"class":238},"find",[57,126555,68],{"class":67},[57,126557,939],{"class":938},[57,126559,58763],{"class":942},[57,126561,939],{"class":938},[57,126563,242],{"class":67},[57,126565,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,126567,64],{"class":63},[57,126569,68],{"class":67},[57,126571,63119],{"class":238},[57,126573,1769],{"class":67},[57,126575,126576],{"class":1772},"   # 6\n",[57,126578,126579],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,126580,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,126582,126583,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594,126596,126598,126600,126602],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,126584,126585],{"class":285},"missing ",[57,126587,289],{"class":76},[57,126589,41007],{"class":285},[57,126591,498],{"class":67},[57,126593,126553],{"class":238},[57,126595,68],{"class":67},[57,126597,939],{"class":938},[57,126599,52],{"class":942},[57,126601,939],{"class":938},[57,126603,242],{"class":67},[57,126605,126606,126608,126610,126612,126614],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,126607,64],{"class":63},[57,126609,68],{"class":67},[57,126611,24927],{"class":238},[57,126613,1769],{"class":67},[57,126615,126616],{"class":1772},"    # -1\n",[41746,126618,126619],{},[15,126620,154,126621,126623,126624,126626],{},[19,126622,122523],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[19,126625,64027],{}," if the substring is not found.",[43,126628,1787,126630,1790],{"id":126629},"what-find-does",[19,126631,122523],{},[15,126633,126634,126636],{},[19,126635,122523],{}," is a string method that:",[27,126638,126639,126642,126645,126650],{},[30,126640,126641],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[30,126643,126644],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[30,126646,9565,126647,126649],{},[19,126648,64027],{}," if no match is found",[30,126651,124714],{},[15,126653,275],{},[48,126655,126657],{"className":50,"code":126656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[19,126658,126659,126671,126675,126699,126723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126660,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126662,32846],{"class":285},[57,126664,289],{"class":76},[57,126666,1449],{"class":938},[57,126668,2204],{"class":942},[57,126670,1455],{"class":938},[57,126672,126673],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126674,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,126676,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695,126697],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,126678,64],{"class":63},[57,126680,68],{"class":67},[57,126682,32867],{"class":238},[57,126684,498],{"class":67},[57,126686,126553],{"class":238},[57,126688,68],{"class":67},[57,126690,939],{"class":938},[57,126692,121621],{"class":942},[57,126694,939],{"class":938},[57,126696,3485],{"class":67},[57,126698,55816],{"class":1772},[57,126700,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,126702,64],{"class":63},[57,126704,68],{"class":67},[57,126706,32867],{"class":238},[57,126708,498],{"class":67},[57,126710,126553],{"class":238},[57,126712,68],{"class":67},[57,126714,939],{"class":938},[57,126716,239],{"class":942},[57,126718,939],{"class":938},[57,126720,3485],{"class":67},[57,126722,126616],{"class":1772},[57,126724,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,126726,64],{"class":63},[57,126728,68],{"class":67},[57,126730,32867],{"class":238},[57,126732,1769],{"class":67},[57,126734,126735],{"class":1772},"              # banana\n",[15,126737,18922,126738,126741,126742,498],{},[19,126739,126740],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[19,126743,116],{},[43,126745,221],{"id":220},[15,126747,224],{},[48,126749,126751],{"className":50,"code":126750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[19,126752,126753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126754,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126756,59346],{"class":285},[57,126758,498],{"class":67},[57,126760,126553],{"class":238},[57,126762,68],{"class":67},[57,126764,552],{"class":238},[57,126766,1081],{"class":67},[57,126768,34212],{"class":238},[57,126770,1081],{"class":67},[57,126772,63213],{"class":238},[57,126774,242],{"class":67},[616,126776,15544],{"id":15543},[27,126778,126779,126783,126788],{},[30,126780,126781,121720],{},[19,126782,552],{},[30,126784,126785,126787],{},[19,126786,34233],{},": optional starting position",[30,126789,126790,126792],{},[19,126791,50830],{},": optional ending position",[15,126794,126795,2511,126797,126799],{},[19,126796,34233],{},[19,126798,50830],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[15,126801,124857],{},[48,126803,126805],{"className":50,"code":126804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[19,126806,126807,126819,126823,126848,126877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126808,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126810,32846],{"class":285},[57,126812,289],{"class":76},[57,126814,1449],{"class":938},[57,126816,58578],{"class":942},[57,126818,1455],{"class":938},[57,126820,126821],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126822,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,126824,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,126826,64],{"class":63},[57,126828,68],{"class":67},[57,126830,32867],{"class":238},[57,126832,498],{"class":67},[57,126834,126553],{"class":238},[57,126836,68],{"class":67},[57,126838,939],{"class":938},[57,126840,58645],{"class":942},[57,126842,939],{"class":938},[57,126844,3485],{"class":67},[57,126846,126847],{"class":1772},"        # 4\n",[57,126849,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,126851,64],{"class":63},[57,126853,68],{"class":67},[57,126855,32867],{"class":238},[57,126857,498],{"class":67},[57,126859,126553],{"class":238},[57,126861,68],{"class":67},[57,126863,939],{"class":938},[57,126865,58645],{"class":942},[57,126867,939],{"class":938},[57,126869,1081],{"class":67},[57,126871,2724],{"class":80},[57,126873,3485],{"class":67},[57,126875,126876],{"class":1772},"     # 7\n",[57,126878,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903,126905,126907],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,126880,64],{"class":63},[57,126882,68],{"class":67},[57,126884,32867],{"class":238},[57,126886,498],{"class":67},[57,126888,126553],{"class":238},[57,126890,68],{"class":67},[57,126892,939],{"class":938},[57,126894,58645],{"class":942},[57,126896,939],{"class":938},[57,126898,1081],{"class":67},[57,126900,2724],{"class":80},[57,126902,1081],{"class":67},[57,126904,4119],{"class":80},[57,126906,3485],{"class":67},[57,126908,126909],{"class":1772},"  # -1\n",[43,126911,36183],{"id":36182},[15,126913,55715,126914,126916],{},[19,126915,122523],{}," is always an integer.",[27,126918,126919,126925,126928],{},[30,126920,126921,126922,126924],{},"A number ",[19,126923,182],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[30,126926,126927],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[30,126929,126930,126932],{},[19,126931,64027],{}," means the substring was not found",[15,126934,275],{},[48,126936,126938],{"className":50,"code":126937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[19,126939,126940,126952,126956,126981,127006],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126941,126942,126944,126946,126948,126950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126943,32846],{"class":285},[57,126945,289],{"class":76},[57,126947,1449],{"class":938},[57,126949,52],{"class":942},[57,126951,1455],{"class":938},[57,126953,126954],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,126955,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,126957,126958,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126975,126977,126979],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,126959,64],{"class":63},[57,126961,68],{"class":67},[57,126963,32867],{"class":238},[57,126965,498],{"class":67},[57,126967,126553],{"class":238},[57,126969,68],{"class":67},[57,126971,939],{"class":938},[57,126973,126974],{"class":942},"py",[57,126976,939],{"class":938},[57,126978,3485],{"class":67},[57,126980,18919],{"class":1772},[57,126982,126983,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,127000,127002,127004],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,126984,64],{"class":63},[57,126986,68],{"class":67},[57,126988,32867],{"class":238},[57,126990,498],{"class":67},[57,126992,126553],{"class":238},[57,126994,68],{"class":67},[57,126996,939],{"class":938},[57,126998,126999],{"class":942},"th",[57,127001,939],{"class":938},[57,127003,3485],{"class":67},[57,127005,55816],{"class":1772},[57,127007,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026,127028],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,127009,64],{"class":63},[57,127011,68],{"class":67},[57,127013,32867],{"class":238},[57,127015,498],{"class":67},[57,127017,126553],{"class":238},[57,127019,68],{"class":67},[57,127021,939],{"class":938},[57,127023,20229],{"class":942},[57,127025,939],{"class":938},[57,127027,3485],{"class":67},[57,127029,126616],{"class":1772},[15,127031,88083,127032,6590,127034,965,127036,498],{},[19,127033,122523],{},[19,127035,1709],{},[19,127037,1783],{},[15,127039,127040],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[43,127042,6551,127043,2511,127045],{"id":63579},[19,127044,34233],{},[19,127046,50830],{},[15,127048,154,127049,127051],{},[19,127050,34233],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[15,127053,154,127054,127056],{},[19,127055,50830],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[15,127058,17,127059,73635,127061,127063],{},[19,127060,50830],{},[1854,127062,63242],{}," in the search.",[48,127065,127067],{"className":50,"code":127066,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[19,127068,127069,127082,127086,127110,127139,127171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127070,127071,127073,127075,127077,127080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127072,32846],{"class":285},[57,127074,289],{"class":76},[57,127076,1449],{"class":938},[57,127078,127079],{"class":942},"one two three two",[57,127081,1455],{"class":938},[57,127083,127084],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127085,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127087,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127089,64],{"class":63},[57,127091,68],{"class":67},[57,127093,32867],{"class":238},[57,127095,498],{"class":67},[57,127097,126553],{"class":238},[57,127099,68],{"class":67},[57,127101,939],{"class":938},[57,127103,77444],{"class":942},[57,127105,939],{"class":938},[57,127107,3485],{"class":67},[57,127109,126847],{"class":1772},[57,127111,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122,127124,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,127113,64],{"class":63},[57,127115,68],{"class":67},[57,127117,32867],{"class":238},[57,127119,498],{"class":67},[57,127121,126553],{"class":238},[57,127123,68],{"class":67},[57,127125,939],{"class":938},[57,127127,77444],{"class":942},[57,127129,939],{"class":938},[57,127131,1081],{"class":67},[57,127133,2724],{"class":80},[57,127135,3485],{"class":67},[57,127137,127138],{"class":1772},"     # 14\n",[57,127140,127141,127143,127145,127147,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,127142,64],{"class":63},[57,127144,68],{"class":67},[57,127146,32867],{"class":238},[57,127148,498],{"class":67},[57,127150,126553],{"class":238},[57,127152,68],{"class":67},[57,127154,939],{"class":938},[57,127156,77444],{"class":942},[57,127158,939],{"class":938},[57,127160,1081],{"class":67},[57,127162,1946],{"class":80},[57,127164,1081],{"class":67},[57,127166,4119],{"class":80},[57,127168,3485],{"class":67},[57,127170,49104],{"class":1772},[57,127172,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127197,127199,127201],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,127174,64],{"class":63},[57,127176,68],{"class":67},[57,127178,32867],{"class":238},[57,127180,498],{"class":67},[57,127182,126553],{"class":238},[57,127184,68],{"class":67},[57,127186,939],{"class":938},[57,127188,77444],{"class":942},[57,127190,939],{"class":938},[57,127192,1081],{"class":67},[57,127194,1946],{"class":80},[57,127196,1081],{"class":67},[57,127198,536],{"class":80},[57,127200,3485],{"class":67},[57,127202,126909],{"class":1772},[15,127204,127205],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[15,127207,127208,127209,53239,127213,498],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[373,127210,127212],{"href":127211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[373,127214,127216,127218],{"href":127215},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[19,127217,58703],{}," string method",[43,127220,122175],{"id":122174},[15,127222,127223,121986],{},[19,127224,122523],{},[15,127226,125573,127227,2511,127229,127231],{},[19,127228,88591],{},[19,127230,62707],{}," are treated as different text.",[48,127233,127235],{"className":50,"code":127234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[19,127236,127237,127250,127254,127278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127238,127239,127241,127243,127245,127248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127240,32846],{"class":285},[57,127242,289],{"class":76},[57,127244,1449],{"class":938},[57,127246,127247],{"class":942},"Hello World",[57,127249,1455],{"class":938},[57,127251,127252],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127253,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127255,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127257,64],{"class":63},[57,127259,68],{"class":67},[57,127261,32867],{"class":238},[57,127263,498],{"class":67},[57,127265,126553],{"class":238},[57,127267,68],{"class":67},[57,127269,939],{"class":938},[57,127271,33026],{"class":942},[57,127273,939],{"class":938},[57,127275,3485],{"class":67},[57,127277,49416],{"class":1772},[57,127279,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,127281,64],{"class":63},[57,127283,68],{"class":67},[57,127285,32867],{"class":238},[57,127287,498],{"class":67},[57,127289,126553],{"class":238},[57,127291,68],{"class":67},[57,127293,939],{"class":938},[57,127295,1958],{"class":942},[57,127297,939],{"class":938},[57,127299,3485],{"class":67},[57,127301,126909],{"class":1772},[15,127303,127304],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[48,127306,127308],{"className":50,"code":127307,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[19,127309,127310,127322,127326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127311,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127313,32846],{"class":285},[57,127315,289],{"class":76},[57,127317,1449],{"class":938},[57,127319,127247],{"class":942},[57,127321,1455],{"class":938},[57,127323,127324],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127325,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127327,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127329,64],{"class":63},[57,127331,68],{"class":67},[57,127333,32867],{"class":238},[57,127335,498],{"class":67},[57,127337,6775],{"class":238},[57,127339,6772],{"class":67},[57,127341,126553],{"class":238},[57,127343,68],{"class":67},[57,127345,939],{"class":938},[57,127347,1958],{"class":942},[57,127349,939],{"class":938},[57,127351,3485],{"class":67},[57,127353,49416],{"class":1772},[43,127355,127357,8724,127359],{"id":127356},"find-vs-index",[19,127358,122523],{},[19,127360,57139],{},[15,127362,127363,2511,127365,127367],{},[19,127364,122523],{},[19,127366,57139],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[27,127369,127370,127376],{},[30,127371,127372,474,127374],{},[19,127373,122523],{},[19,127375,64027],{},[30,127377,127378,50664,127380],{},[19,127379,57139],{},[19,127381,38868],{},[15,127383,154,127384,127386],{},[19,127385,122523],{}," when missing text is normal.",[15,127388,154,127389,127391],{},[19,127390,57139],{}," when the value must exist.",[48,127393,127395],{"className":50,"code":127394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[19,127396,127397,127409,127413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127398,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127400,32846],{"class":285},[57,127402,289],{"class":76},[57,127404,1449],{"class":938},[57,127406,1958],{"class":942},[57,127408,1455],{"class":938},[57,127410,127411],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127412,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127414,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127416,64],{"class":63},[57,127418,68],{"class":67},[57,127420,32867],{"class":238},[57,127422,498],{"class":67},[57,127424,126553],{"class":238},[57,127426,68],{"class":67},[57,127428,939],{"class":938},[57,127430,239],{"class":942},[57,127432,939],{"class":938},[57,127434,3485],{"class":67},[57,127436,127437],{"class":1772},"   # -1\n",[48,127439,127441],{"className":50,"code":127440,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[19,127442,127443,127455,127459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127444,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127446,32846],{"class":285},[57,127448,289],{"class":76},[57,127450,1449],{"class":938},[57,127452,1958],{"class":942},[57,127454,1455],{"class":938},[57,127456,127457],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127458,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127460,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127477,127479,127481],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127462,64],{"class":63},[57,127464,68],{"class":67},[57,127466,32867],{"class":238},[57,127468,498],{"class":67},[57,127470,34006],{"class":238},[57,127472,68],{"class":67},[57,127474,939],{"class":938},[57,127476,239],{"class":942},[57,127478,939],{"class":938},[57,127480,3485],{"class":67},[57,127482,127483],{"class":1772},"  # ValueError\n",[15,127485,127486,127487,127491,127492,127494,127495,498],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[373,127488,127489,127218],{"href":122548},[19,127490,57139],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[19,127493,57139],{},", read ",[373,127496,23833,127497],{"href":71655},[19,127498,127499],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[43,127501,39210],{"id":39209},[15,127503,33565,127504,127506],{},[19,127505,122523],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[27,127508,127509,127512,127515,127518],{},[30,127510,127511],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[30,127513,127514],{},"Get the position of a word",[30,127516,127517],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[30,127519,127520],{},"Search before slicing a string",[15,127522,127523],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[48,127525,127527],{"className":50,"code":127526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[19,127528,127529,127542,127565,127569,127584,127600,127619,127633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127530,127531,127533,127535,127537,127540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127532,32846],{"class":285},[57,127534,289],{"class":76},[57,127536,1449],{"class":938},[57,127538,127539],{"class":942},"name:Alice",[57,127541,1455],{"class":938},[57,127543,127544,127547,127549,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127545,127546],{"class":285},"colon_pos ",[57,127548,289],{"class":76},[57,127550,41007],{"class":285},[57,127552,498],{"class":67},[57,127554,126553],{"class":238},[57,127556,68],{"class":67},[57,127558,939],{"class":938},[57,127560,972],{"class":942},[57,127562,939],{"class":938},[57,127564,242],{"class":67},[57,127566,127567],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127568,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127570,127571,127573,127576,127578,127580,127582],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,127572,5126],{"class":1990},[57,127574,127575],{"class":285}," colon_pos ",[57,127577,70765],{"class":76},[57,127579,292],{"class":76},[57,127581,1078],{"class":80},[57,127583,4520],{"class":67},[57,127585,127586,127589,127591,127593,127595,127598],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,127587,127588],{"class":285},"    label ",[57,127590,289],{"class":76},[57,127592,41007],{"class":285},[57,127594,73708],{"class":67},[57,127596,127597],{"class":285},"colon_pos",[57,127599,1742],{"class":67},[57,127601,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,127603,25555],{"class":285},[57,127605,289],{"class":76},[57,127607,41007],{"class":285},[57,127609,2015],{"class":67},[57,127611,127546],{"class":285},[57,127613,119],{"class":76},[57,127615,3622],{"class":80},[57,127617,127618],{"class":67},":]\n",[57,127620,127621,127623,127625,127628,127630],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,127622,6201],{"class":63},[57,127624,68],{"class":67},[57,127626,127627],{"class":238},"label",[57,127629,1769],{"class":67},[57,127631,127632],{"class":1772},"  # name\n",[57,127634,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,127636,6201],{"class":63},[57,127638,68],{"class":67},[57,127640,552],{"class":238},[57,127642,1769],{"class":67},[57,127644,127645],{"class":1772},"  # Alice\n",[15,127647,127648,127649,498],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[373,127650,125564],{"href":121783},[43,127652,913],{"id":912},[15,127654,127655,127656,972],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[19,127657,122523],{},[27,127659,127660,127669,127675,127680,127686],{},[30,127661,6587,127662,6590,127664,965,127666,127668],{},[19,127663,122523],{},[19,127665,1709],{},[19,127667,1783],{}," instead of an index",[30,127670,127671,127672,127674],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[19,127673,64027],{}," when the substring is missing",[30,127676,6551,127677,127679],{},[19,127678,122523],{}," without handling case differences",[30,127681,35366,127682,6840,127684],{},[19,127683,122523],{},[19,127685,57139],{},[30,127687,2698,127688,127690],{},[19,127689,122523],{}," changes the string",[15,127692,127693],{},"Example of a mistake:",[48,127695,127697],{"className":50,"code":127696,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[19,127698,127699,127711,127715,127735,127750,127756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127700,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127702,32846],{"class":285},[57,127704,289],{"class":76},[57,127706,1449],{"class":938},[57,127708,1958],{"class":942},[57,127710,1455],{"class":938},[57,127712,127713],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127714,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127718,5126],{"class":1990},[57,127720,41007],{"class":285},[57,127722,498],{"class":67},[57,127724,126553],{"class":238},[57,127726,68],{"class":67},[57,127728,939],{"class":938},[57,127730,58610],{"class":942},[57,127732,939],{"class":938},[57,127734,6475],{"class":67},[57,127736,127737,127739,127741,127743,127746,127748],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,127738,6201],{"class":63},[57,127740,68],{"class":67},[57,127742,939],{"class":938},[57,127744,127745],{"class":942},"Found",[57,127747,939],{"class":938},[57,127749,242],{"class":67},[57,127751,127752,127754],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,127753,25588],{"class":1990},[57,127755,4520],{"class":67},[57,127757,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,127759,6201],{"class":63},[57,127761,68],{"class":67},[57,127763,939],{"class":938},[57,127765,24469],{"class":942},[57,127767,939],{"class":938},[57,127769,242],{"class":67},[15,127771,98089],{},[48,127773,127775],{"className":50,"code":127774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Not found\n",[19,127776,127777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127778,127779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127780,127774],{"class":285},[15,127782,43870,127783,127786,127787,15221,127789,127791,127792,127794],{},[19,127784,127785],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[19,127788,182],{},[19,127790,182],{}," is treated as false in an ",[19,127793,5126],{}," statement.",[15,127796,127797],{},"A safer version is:",[48,127799,127801],{"className":50,"code":127800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[19,127802,127803,127815,127819,127848,127862,127868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127804,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127806,32846],{"class":285},[57,127808,289],{"class":76},[57,127810,1449],{"class":938},[57,127812,1958],{"class":942},[57,127814,1455],{"class":938},[57,127816,127817],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127818,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,127820,127821,127823,127825,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837,127839,127842,127844,127846],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127822,5126],{"class":1990},[57,127824,41007],{"class":285},[57,127826,498],{"class":67},[57,127828,126553],{"class":238},[57,127830,68],{"class":67},[57,127832,939],{"class":938},[57,127834,58610],{"class":942},[57,127836,939],{"class":938},[57,127838,1769],{"class":67},[57,127840,127841],{"class":76}," !=",[57,127843,292],{"class":76},[57,127845,1078],{"class":80},[57,127847,4520],{"class":67},[57,127849,127850,127852,127854,127856,127858,127860],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,127851,6201],{"class":63},[57,127853,68],{"class":67},[57,127855,939],{"class":938},[57,127857,127745],{"class":942},[57,127859,939],{"class":938},[57,127861,242],{"class":67},[57,127863,127864,127866],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,127865,25588],{"class":1990},[57,127867,4520],{"class":67},[57,127869,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,127871,6201],{"class":63},[57,127873,68],{"class":67},[57,127875,939],{"class":938},[57,127877,24469],{"class":942},[57,127879,939],{"class":938},[57,127881,242],{"class":67},[15,127883,127884],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[48,127886,127888],{"className":50,"code":127887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[19,127889,127890,127912,127926,127952,127966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127891,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127893,64],{"class":63},[57,127895,68],{"class":67},[57,127897,32867],{"class":238},[57,127899,498],{"class":67},[57,127901,126553],{"class":238},[57,127903,68],{"class":67},[57,127905,1395],{"class":938},[57,127907,36554],{"class":942},[57,127909,1395],{"class":938},[57,127911,84],{"class":67},[57,127913,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,127915,64],{"class":63},[57,127917,68],{"class":67},[57,127919,39944],{"class":63},[57,127921,68],{"class":67},[57,127923,32867],{"class":238},[57,127925,84],{"class":67},[57,127927,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,127929,64],{"class":63},[57,127931,68],{"class":67},[57,127933,32867],{"class":238},[57,127935,498],{"class":67},[57,127937,6775],{"class":238},[57,127939,6772],{"class":67},[57,127941,126553],{"class":238},[57,127943,68],{"class":67},[57,127945,1395],{"class":938},[57,127947,36554],{"class":942},[57,127949,1395],{"class":938},[57,127951,84],{"class":67},[57,127953,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,127955,64],{"class":63},[57,127957,68],{"class":67},[57,127959,9302],{"class":63},[57,127961,68],{"class":67},[57,127963,32867],{"class":238},[57,127965,84],{"class":67},[57,127967,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,127969,64],{"class":63},[57,127971,68],{"class":67},[57,127973,32867],{"class":238},[57,127975,498],{"class":67},[57,127977,126553],{"class":238},[57,127979,68],{"class":67},[57,127981,1395],{"class":938},[57,127983,36554],{"class":942},[57,127985,1395],{"class":938},[57,127987,1081],{"class":67},[57,127989,34212],{"class":238},[57,127991,1081],{"class":67},[57,127993,63213],{"class":238},[57,127995,84],{"class":67},[15,127997,127998],{},"These help you check:",[27,128000,128001,128006,128011,128016,128019],{},[30,128002,128003,128004],{},"The actual result from ",[19,128005,122523],{},[30,128007,128008,128009],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[19,128010,120742],{},[30,128012,128013,128014],{},"Case differences with ",[19,128015,122258],{},[30,128017,128018],{},"The string length",[30,128020,128021,128022,2511,128024,128026],{},"Whether your ",[19,128023,34233],{},[19,128025,50830],{}," values are correct",[43,128028,1554],{"id":1553},[616,128030,128032,128033,128035],{"id":128031},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[19,128034,122523],{}," return if the text is not found?",[15,128037,3270,128038,498],{},[19,128039,64027],{},[616,128041,10848,128043,128045],{"id":128042},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[19,128044,122523],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[15,128047,128048],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[616,128050,128052,128053,122864],{"id":128051},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[19,128054,122523],{},[15,128056,128057],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[616,128059,3302,128061,2511,128063,67828],{"id":128060},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[19,128062,122523],{},[19,128064,57139],{},[15,128066,128067,474,128069,128071,128072,50664,128074,498],{},[19,128068,122523],{},[19,128070,64027],{}," if not found, while ",[19,128073,57139],{},[19,128075,38868],{},[616,128077,26483,128079,128081],{"id":128078},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[19,128080,122523],{}," to search only part of a string?",[15,128083,128084,128085,2511,128087,64326],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[19,128086,34233],{},[19,128088,50830],{},[43,128090,1602],{"id":1601},[27,128092,128093,128099,128105,128112,128118,128125,128129,128134],{},[30,128094,128095],{},[373,128096,124528,128097,8880],{"href":122548},[19,128098,57139],{},[30,128100,128101],{},[373,128102,124528,128103,8880],{"href":127215},[19,128104,58703],{},[30,128106,128107],{},[373,128108,124528,128110,8880],{"href":128109},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[19,128111,122699],{},[30,128113,128114],{},[373,128115,124528,128116,8880],{"href":125893},[19,128117,125896],{},[30,128119,128120],{},[373,128121,124528,128123,8880],{"href":128122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[19,128124,124586],{},[30,128126,128127],{},[373,128128,122927],{"href":121783},[30,128130,128131],{},[373,128132,128133],{"href":127211},"How to split a string in Python",[30,128135,128136],{},[373,128137,24276,128138],{"href":71655},[19,128139,127499],{},[1634,128141,128142],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":128144},[128145,128147,128150,128151,128152,128153,128155,128156,128157,128169],{"id":126629,"depth":87,"text":128146},"What find() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":128148},[128149],{"id":15543,"depth":103,"text":15544},{"id":36182,"depth":87,"text":36183},{"id":63579,"depth":87,"text":64362},{"id":122174,"depth":87,"text":122175},{"id":127356,"depth":87,"text":128154},"find() vs index()",{"id":39209,"depth":87,"text":39210},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":128158},[128159,128161,128163,128165,128167],{"id":128031,"depth":103,"text":128160},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":128042,"depth":103,"text":128162},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":128051,"depth":103,"text":128164},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":128060,"depth":103,"text":128166},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":128078,"depth":103,"text":128168},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":126501,"description":128170},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":128177,"title":128178,"body":128179,"description":130105,"extension":1666,"meta":130106,"navigation":317,"path":130107,"seo":130108,"stem":130109,"__hash__":130110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":8,"value":128180,"toc":130073},[128181,128186,128191,128194,128196,128272,128276,128304,128312,128316,128321,128325,128342,128344,128411,128415,128437,128445,128447,128450,128474,128477,128491,128493,128578,128582,128594,128597,128601,128607,128657,128661,128678,128687,128690,128698,128701,128750,128754,128779,128782,128837,128841,128853,128859,128863,128869,128874,128941,128945,128971,128974,128985,128987,129054,129058,129083,129090,129094,129099,129106,129114,129116,129168,129172,129190,129192,129237,129241,129256,129259,129269,129276,129278,129282,129285,129296,129298,129358,129362,129390,129393,129399,129404,129407,129411,129455,129458,129496,129499,129507,129509,129514,129518,129521,129569,129572,129575,129631,129635,129640,129643,129692,129694,129743,129749,129754,129756,129803,129807,129820,129822,129873,129879,129882,129886,129889,129895,129900,129902,129905,129977,129980,129997,129999,130004,130007,130011,130017,130023,130030,130036,130042,130044,130070],[11,128182,121528,128184,9463],{"id":128183},"python-string-format-method",[19,128185,124531],{},[15,128187,121533,128188,128190],{},[19,128189,124531],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[15,128192,128193],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[43,128195,46],{"id":45},[48,128197,128199],{"className":50,"code":128198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[19,128200,128201,128213,128221,128225,128262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128202,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128204,6008],{"class":285},[57,128206,289],{"class":76},[57,128208,1449],{"class":938},[57,128210,9651],{"class":942},[57,128212,1455],{"class":938},[57,128214,128215,128217,128219],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,128216,19780],{"class":285},[57,128218,289],{"class":76},[57,128220,86972],{"class":80},[57,128222,128223],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,128224,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,128226,128227,128229,128231,128233,128236,128238,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,128228,88180],{"class":285},[57,128230,289],{"class":76},[57,128232,1449],{"class":938},[57,128234,128235],{"class":942},"My name is ",[57,128237,1904],{"class":80},[57,128239,128240],{"class":942}," and I am ",[57,128242,1904],{"class":80},[57,128244,120524],{"class":942},[57,128246,939],{"class":938},[57,128248,498],{"class":67},[57,128250,128251],{"class":238},"format",[57,128253,68],{"class":67},[57,128255,5798],{"class":238},[57,128257,1081],{"class":67},[57,128259,7325],{"class":238},[57,128261,242],{"class":67},[57,128263,128264,128266,128268,128270],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,128265,64],{"class":63},[57,128267,68],{"class":67},[57,128269,88197],{"class":238},[57,128271,242],{"class":67},[15,128273,128274],{},[1854,128275,131],{},[48,128277,128279],{"className":50,"code":128278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[19,128280,128281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128282,128283,128286,128288,128291,128294,128297,128300,128302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128284,128285],{"class":285},"My name ",[57,128287,10337],{"class":76},[57,128289,128290],{"class":285}," Maya ",[57,128292,128293],{"class":76},"and",[57,128295,128296],{"class":285}," I am ",[57,128298,128299],{"class":80},"12",[57,128301,120557],{"class":285},[57,128303,120560],{"class":67},[15,128305,154,128306,128308,128309,128311],{},[19,128307,1904],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[19,128310,124531],{}," in the same order.",[15,128313,123280,128314,498],{},[373,128315,123283],{"href":49144},[43,128317,11141,128319,11144],{"id":128318},"what-the-format-method-does",[19,128320,124531],{},[15,128322,17,128323,9554],{},[19,128324,124531],{},[27,128326,128327,128330,128336,128339],{},[30,128328,128329],{},"inserts values into a string",[30,128331,128332,128333,128335],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[19,128334,1904],{}," with given values",[30,128337,128338],{},"returns a new string",[30,128340,128341],{},"does not change the original string",[15,128343,275],{},[48,128345,128347],{"className":50,"code":128346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[19,128348,128349,128363,128386,128390,128401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128350,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128352,32846],{"class":285},[57,128354,289],{"class":76},[57,128356,1449],{"class":938},[57,128358,43068],{"class":942},[57,128360,1904],{"class":80},[57,128362,1455],{"class":938},[57,128364,128365,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,128366,128367],{"class":285},"new_text ",[57,128369,289],{"class":76},[57,128371,41007],{"class":285},[57,128373,498],{"class":67},[57,128375,128251],{"class":238},[57,128377,68],{"class":67},[57,128379,939],{"class":938},[57,128381,5807],{"class":942},[57,128383,939],{"class":938},[57,128385,242],{"class":67},[57,128387,128388],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,128389,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,128391,128392,128394,128396,128399],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,128393,64],{"class":63},[57,128395,68],{"class":67},[57,128397,128398],{"class":238},"new_text",[57,128400,242],{"class":67},[57,128402,128403,128405,128407,128409],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,128404,64],{"class":63},[57,128406,68],{"class":67},[57,128408,32867],{"class":238},[57,128410,242],{"class":67},[15,128412,128413],{},[1854,128414,131],{},[48,128416,128418],{"className":50,"code":128417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[19,128419,128420,128429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128421,128422,128424,128426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128423,33026],{"class":285},[57,128425,1081],{"class":67},[57,128427,128428],{"class":285}," Sam\n",[57,128430,128431,128433,128435],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,128432,33026],{"class":285},[57,128434,1081],{"class":67},[57,128436,7976],{"class":67},[15,128438,361,128439,128441,128442,128444],{},[19,128440,32867],{}," stays the same. ",[19,128443,124531],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[43,128446,221],{"id":220},[15,128448,128449],{},"The general form is:",[48,128451,128453],{"className":50,"code":128452,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[19,128454,128455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128456,128457,128459,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128458,939],{"class":41494},[57,128460,128461],{"class":41498},"text {}",[57,128463,939],{"class":41494},[57,128465,498],{"class":67},[57,128467,128251],{"class":238},[57,128469,68],{"class":67},[57,128471,552],{"class":238},[57,128473,242],{"class":67},[15,128475,128476],{},"Key idea:",[27,128478,128479,128485,128488],{},[30,128480,128481,128482,128484],{},"each ",[19,128483,1904],{}," is a placeholder",[30,128486,128487],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[30,128489,128490],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[15,128492,275],{},[48,128494,128496],{"className":50,"code":128495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[19,128497,128498,128511,128525,128529,128567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128499,128500,128503,128505,128507,128509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128501,128502],{"class":285},"animal ",[57,128504,289],{"class":76},[57,128506,1449],{"class":938},[57,128508,35209],{"class":942},[57,128510,1455],{"class":938},[57,128512,128513,128516,128518,128520,128523],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,128514,128515],{"class":285},"sound ",[57,128517,289],{"class":76},[57,128519,1449],{"class":938},[57,128521,128522],{"class":942},"meow",[57,128524,1455],{"class":938},[57,128526,128527],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,128528,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,128530,128531,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128560,128562,128565],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,128532,128533],{"class":285},"sentence ",[57,128535,289],{"class":76},[57,128537,1449],{"class":938},[57,128539,17],{"class":942},[57,128541,1904],{"class":80},[57,128543,128544],{"class":942}," says ",[57,128546,1904],{"class":80},[57,128548,498],{"class":942},[57,128550,939],{"class":938},[57,128552,498],{"class":67},[57,128554,128251],{"class":238},[57,128556,68],{"class":67},[57,128558,128559],{"class":238},"animal",[57,128561,1081],{"class":67},[57,128563,128564],{"class":238}," sound",[57,128566,242],{"class":67},[57,128568,128569,128571,128573,128576],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,128570,64],{"class":63},[57,128572,68],{"class":67},[57,128574,128575],{"class":238},"sentence",[57,128577,242],{"class":67},[15,128579,128580],{},[1854,128581,131],{},[48,128583,128585],{"className":50,"code":128584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The cat says meow.\n",[19,128586,128587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128588,128589,128592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128590,128591],{"class":285},"The cat says meow",[57,128593,120560],{"class":67},[15,128595,128596],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[43,128598,128600],{"id":128599},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[15,128602,128603,128604,128606],{},"You can use empty braces ",[19,128605,1904],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[48,128608,128610],{"className":50,"code":128609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[19,128611,128612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128613,128614,128616,128618,128620,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128644,128646,128648,128650,128653,128655],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128615,64],{"class":63},[57,128617,68],{"class":67},[57,128619,939],{"class":938},[57,128621,128622],{"class":942},"I like ",[57,128624,1904],{"class":80},[57,128626,2511],{"class":942},[57,128628,1904],{"class":80},[57,128630,498],{"class":942},[57,128632,939],{"class":938},[57,128634,498],{"class":67},[57,128636,128251],{"class":238},[57,128638,68],{"class":67},[57,128640,939],{"class":938},[57,128642,128643],{"class":942},"pizza",[57,128645,939],{"class":938},[57,128647,1081],{"class":67},[57,128649,1449],{"class":938},[57,128651,128652],{"class":942},"pasta",[57,128654,939],{"class":938},[57,128656,84],{"class":67},[15,128658,128659],{},[1854,128660,131],{},[48,128662,128664],{"className":50,"code":128663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[19,128665,128666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128667,128668,128671,128673,128676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128669,128670],{"class":285},"I like pizza ",[57,128672,128293],{"class":76},[57,128674,128675],{"class":285}," pasta",[57,128677,120560],{"class":67},[15,128679,128680,128681,2511,128684,498],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[19,128682,128683],{},"{0}",[19,128685,128686],{},"{1}",[15,128688,128689],{},"This is helpful when:",[27,128691,128692,128695],{},[30,128693,128694],{},"you want to reuse a value",[30,128696,128697],{},"you want to change the order",[15,128699,128700],{},"Example with reused values:",[48,128702,128704],{"className":50,"code":128703,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,128705,128706,128740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128707,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716,128719,128721,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128709,32846],{"class":285},[57,128711,289],{"class":76},[57,128713,1449],{"class":938},[57,128715,128683],{"class":80},[57,128717,128718],{"class":942}," is learning Python. ",[57,128720,128683],{"class":80},[57,128722,128723],{"class":942}," likes coding.",[57,128725,939],{"class":938},[57,128727,498],{"class":67},[57,128729,128251],{"class":238},[57,128731,68],{"class":67},[57,128733,939],{"class":938},[57,128735,18033],{"class":942},[57,128737,939],{"class":938},[57,128739,242],{"class":67},[57,128741,128742,128744,128746,128748],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,128743,64],{"class":63},[57,128745,68],{"class":67},[57,128747,32867],{"class":238},[57,128749,242],{"class":67},[15,128751,128752],{},[1854,128753,131],{},[48,128755,128757],{"className":50,"code":128756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[19,128758,128759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128760,128761,128764,128766,128769,128771,128774,128777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128762,128763],{"class":285},"Lina ",[57,128765,10337],{"class":76},[57,128767,128768],{"class":285}," learning Python",[57,128770,498],{"class":67},[57,128772,128773],{"class":22903}," Lina",[57,128775,128776],{"class":285}," likes coding",[57,128778,120560],{"class":67},[15,128780,128781],{},"Example with changed order:",[48,128783,128785],{"className":50,"code":128784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,128786,128787,128827],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128788,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128790,32846],{"class":285},[57,128792,289],{"class":76},[57,128794,1449],{"class":938},[57,128796,128686],{"class":80},[57,128798,81499],{"class":942},[57,128800,128683],{"class":80},[57,128802,498],{"class":942},[57,128804,939],{"class":938},[57,128806,498],{"class":67},[57,128808,128251],{"class":238},[57,128810,68],{"class":67},[57,128812,939],{"class":938},[57,128814,4713],{"class":942},[57,128816,939],{"class":938},[57,128818,1081],{"class":67},[57,128820,1449],{"class":938},[57,128822,77444],{"class":942},[57,128824,939],{"class":938},[57,128826,242],{"class":67},[57,128828,128829,128831,128833,128835],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,128830,64],{"class":63},[57,128832,68],{"class":67},[57,128834,32867],{"class":238},[57,128836,242],{"class":67},[15,128838,128839],{},[1854,128840,131],{},[48,128842,128844],{"className":50,"code":128843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"two comes after one.\n",[19,128845,128846],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128847,128848,128851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128849,128850],{"class":285},"two comes after one",[57,128852,120560],{"class":67},[15,128854,128855,128856,128858],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[19,128857,1904],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[43,128860,128862],{"id":128861},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[15,128864,128865,128866,498],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[19,128867,128868],{},"{name}",[15,128870,128871,128872,972],{},"You pass matching names into ",[19,128873,124531],{},[48,128875,128877],{"className":50,"code":128876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,128878,128879,128931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128880,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128894,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128882,32846],{"class":285},[57,128884,289],{"class":76},[57,128886,1449],{"class":938},[57,128888,128235],{"class":942},[57,128890,128868],{"class":80},[57,128892,128893],{"class":942}," and I live in ",[57,128895,128896],{"class":80},"{city}",[57,128898,498],{"class":942},[57,128900,939],{"class":938},[57,128902,498],{"class":67},[57,128904,128251],{"class":238},[57,128906,68],{"class":67},[57,128908,5798],{"class":7312},[57,128910,289],{"class":76},[57,128912,939],{"class":938},[57,128914,11025],{"class":942},[57,128916,939],{"class":938},[57,128918,1081],{"class":67},[57,128920,29541],{"class":7312},[57,128922,289],{"class":76},[57,128924,939],{"class":938},[57,128926,14179],{"class":942},[57,128928,939],{"class":938},[57,128930,242],{"class":67},[57,128932,128933,128935,128937,128939],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,128934,64],{"class":63},[57,128936,68],{"class":67},[57,128938,32867],{"class":238},[57,128940,242],{"class":67},[15,128942,128943],{},[1854,128944,131],{},[48,128946,128948],{"className":50,"code":128947,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[19,128949,128950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128951,128952,128954,128956,128959,128961,128964,128966,128969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128953,128285],{"class":285},[57,128955,10337],{"class":76},[57,128957,128958],{"class":285}," Ana ",[57,128960,128293],{"class":76},[57,128962,128963],{"class":285}," I live ",[57,128965,1997],{"class":76},[57,128967,128968],{"class":285}," Lima",[57,128970,120560],{"class":67},[15,128972,128973],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[27,128975,128976,128979,128982],{},[30,128977,128978],{},"they make code easier to read",[30,128980,128981],{},"they help when a string has many values",[30,128983,128984],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[15,128986,275],{},[48,128988,128990],{"className":50,"code":128989,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[19,128991,128992,129044],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128993,128994,128997,128999,129001,129004,129007,129010,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129030,129032,129034,129037,129039,129042],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128995,128996],{"class":285},"report ",[57,128998,289],{"class":76},[57,129000,1449],{"class":938},[57,129002,129003],{"class":942},"Student: ",[57,129005,129006],{"class":80},"{student}",[57,129008,129009],{"class":942},", Score: ",[57,129011,129012],{"class":80},"{score}",[57,129014,939],{"class":938},[57,129016,498],{"class":67},[57,129018,128251],{"class":238},[57,129020,68],{"class":67},[57,129022,11772],{"class":7312},[57,129024,289],{"class":76},[57,129026,939],{"class":938},[57,129028,129029],{"class":942},"Noah",[57,129031,939],{"class":938},[57,129033,1081],{"class":67},[57,129035,129036],{"class":7312}," score",[57,129038,289],{"class":76},[57,129040,129041],{"class":80},"95",[57,129043,242],{"class":67},[57,129045,129046,129048,129050,129052],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129047,64],{"class":63},[57,129049,68],{"class":67},[57,129051,126241],{"class":238},[57,129053,242],{"class":67},[15,129055,129056],{},[1854,129057,131],{},[48,129059,129061],{"className":50,"code":129060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[19,129062,129063],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129064,129065,129068,129070,129073,129075,129078,129080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129066,129067],{"class":285},"Student",[57,129069,972],{"class":67},[57,129071,129072],{"class":285}," Noah",[57,129074,1081],{"class":67},[57,129076,129077],{"class":285}," Score",[57,129079,972],{"class":67},[57,129081,129082],{"class":80}," 95\n",[15,129084,129085,129086,498],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[373,129087,1680,129088,1611],{"href":40340},[19,129089,45851],{},[43,129091,129093],{"id":129092},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[15,129095,129096,129098],{},[19,129097,124531],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[15,129100,129101,129102,129105],{},"A common example is ",[19,129103,129104],{},":.2f",", which means:",[27,129107,129108,129111],{},[30,129109,129110],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[30,129112,129113],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[15,129115,275],{},[48,129117,129119],{"className":50,"code":129118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[19,129120,129121,129129,129158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129122,129123,129125,129127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129124,38551],{"class":285},[57,129126,289],{"class":76},[57,129128,47444],{"class":80},[57,129130,129131,129133,129135,129137,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129132,32846],{"class":285},[57,129134,289],{"class":76},[57,129136,1449],{"class":938},[57,129138,129139],{"class":942},"Price: $",[57,129141,7415],{"class":80},[57,129143,129104],{"class":125},[57,129145,20455],{"class":80},[57,129147,939],{"class":938},[57,129149,498],{"class":67},[57,129151,128251],{"class":238},[57,129153,68],{"class":67},[57,129155,23303],{"class":238},[57,129157,242],{"class":67},[57,129159,129160,129162,129164,129166],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,129161,64],{"class":63},[57,129163,68],{"class":67},[57,129165,32867],{"class":238},[57,129167,242],{"class":67},[15,129169,129170],{},[1854,129171,131],{},[48,129173,129175],{"className":50,"code":129174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Price: $3.50\n",[19,129176,129177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129178,129179,129182,129184,129187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129180,129181],{"class":285},"Price",[57,129183,972],{"class":67},[57,129185,129186],{"class":35529}," $",[57,129188,129189],{"class":80},"3.50\n",[15,129191,50249],{},[48,129193,129195],{"className":50,"code":129194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[19,129196,129197,129207],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129198,129199,129202,129204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129200,129201],{"class":285},"average ",[57,129203,289],{"class":76},[57,129205,129206],{"class":80}," 91.236\n",[57,129208,129209,129211,129213,129215,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129235],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129210,64],{"class":63},[57,129212,68],{"class":67},[57,129214,939],{"class":938},[57,129216,129217],{"class":942},"Average: ",[57,129219,7415],{"class":80},[57,129221,129104],{"class":125},[57,129223,20455],{"class":80},[57,129225,939],{"class":938},[57,129227,498],{"class":67},[57,129229,128251],{"class":238},[57,129231,68],{"class":67},[57,129233,129234],{"class":238},"average",[57,129236,84],{"class":67},[15,129238,129239],{},[1854,129240,131],{},[48,129242,129244],{"className":50,"code":129243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Average: 91.24\n",[19,129245,129246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129247,129248,129251,129253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129249,129250],{"class":285},"Average",[57,129252,972],{"class":67},[57,129254,129255],{"class":80}," 91.24\n",[15,129257,129258],{},"This is useful for:",[27,129260,129261,129263,129266],{},[30,129262,81257],{},[30,129264,129265],{},"averages",[30,129267,129268],{},"percentages",[15,129270,129271,129272,498],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[373,129273,1680,129274,379],{"href":44616},[19,129275,44619],{},[43,129277,15568],{"id":15567},[15,129279,129280,90694],{},[19,129281,124531],{},[15,129283,129284],{},"That means you can:",[27,129286,129287,129290,129293],{},[30,129288,129289],{},"save it in a variable",[30,129291,129292],{},"print it directly",[30,129294,129295],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[15,129297,275],{},[48,129299,129301],{"className":50,"code":129300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[19,129302,129303,129334,129344],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129304,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129330,129332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129306,88180],{"class":285},[57,129308,289],{"class":76},[57,129310,1449],{"class":938},[57,129312,43068],{"class":942},[57,129314,1904],{"class":80},[57,129316,88021],{"class":942},[57,129318,939],{"class":938},[57,129320,498],{"class":67},[57,129322,128251],{"class":238},[57,129324,68],{"class":67},[57,129326,939],{"class":938},[57,129328,129329],{"class":942},"Chris",[57,129331,939],{"class":938},[57,129333,242],{"class":67},[57,129335,129336,129338,129340,129342],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129337,64],{"class":63},[57,129339,68],{"class":67},[57,129341,88197],{"class":238},[57,129343,242],{"class":67},[57,129345,129346,129348,129350,129352,129354,129356],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,129347,64],{"class":63},[57,129349,68],{"class":67},[57,129351,1315],{"class":990},[57,129353,68],{"class":67},[57,129355,88197],{"class":238},[57,129357,84],{"class":67},[15,129359,129360],{},[1854,129361,131],{},[48,129363,129365],{"className":50,"code":129364,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[19,129366,129367,129376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129368,129369,129371,129373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129370,33026],{"class":285},[57,129372,1081],{"class":67},[57,129374,129375],{"class":285}," Chris!\n",[57,129377,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129379,1384],{"class":76},[57,129381,1387],{"class":125},[57,129383,1390],{"class":938},[57,129385,1541],{"class":942},[57,129387,1395],{"class":938},[57,129389,1398],{"class":76},[15,129391,129392],{},"The original string is not changed.",[43,129394,129396,129398],{"id":129395},"format-vs-f-strings",[19,129397,124531],{}," vs f-strings",[15,129400,129401,129403],{},[19,129402,124531],{}," is a string method.",[15,129405,129406],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[15,129408,44207,129409,972],{},[19,129410,124531],{},[48,129412,129414],{"className":50,"code":129413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[19,129415,129416,129429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129417,129418,129420,129422,129424,129427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129419,6008],{"class":285},[57,129421,289],{"class":76},[57,129423,1449],{"class":938},[57,129425,129426],{"class":942},"Rita",[57,129428,1455],{"class":938},[57,129430,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129432,64],{"class":63},[57,129434,68],{"class":67},[57,129436,939],{"class":938},[57,129438,43068],{"class":942},[57,129440,1904],{"class":80},[57,129442,88021],{"class":942},[57,129444,939],{"class":938},[57,129446,498],{"class":67},[57,129448,128251],{"class":238},[57,129450,68],{"class":67},[57,129452,5798],{"class":238},[57,129454,84],{"class":67},[15,129456,129457],{},"Example with an f-string:",[48,129459,129461],{"className":50,"code":129460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[19,129462,129463,129475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129464,129465,129467,129469,129471,129473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129466,6008],{"class":285},[57,129468,289],{"class":76},[57,129470,1449],{"class":938},[57,129472,129426],{"class":942},[57,129474,1455],{"class":938},[57,129476,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491,129494],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129478,64],{"class":63},[57,129480,68],{"class":67},[57,129482,20446],{"class":125},[57,129484,41512],{"class":942},[57,129486,7415],{"class":80},[57,129488,5798],{"class":238},[57,129490,20455],{"class":80},[57,129492,129493],{"class":942},"!\"",[57,129495,242],{"class":67},[15,129497,129498],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[15,129500,129501,129502,129504,129505,498],{},"This page focuses on how ",[19,129503,124531],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[373,129506,87866],{"href":87865},[43,129508,913],{"id":912},[15,129510,129511,129512,498],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[19,129513,124531],{},[616,129515,129517],{"id":129516},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[15,129519,129520],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[48,129522,129524],{"className":50,"code":129523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,129525,129526,129559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129527,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129541,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555,129557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129529,32846],{"class":285},[57,129531,289],{"class":76},[57,129533,1449],{"class":938},[57,129535,43068],{"class":942},[57,129537,1904],{"class":80},[57,129539,129540],{"class":80}," {}",[57,129542,88021],{"class":942},[57,129544,939],{"class":938},[57,129546,498],{"class":67},[57,129548,128251],{"class":238},[57,129550,68],{"class":67},[57,129552,939],{"class":938},[57,129554,5807],{"class":942},[57,129556,939],{"class":938},[57,129558,242],{"class":67},[57,129560,129561,129563,129565,129567],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129562,64],{"class":63},[57,129564,68],{"class":67},[57,129566,32867],{"class":238},[57,129568,242],{"class":67},[15,129570,129571],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[15,129573,129574],{},"Fixed version:",[48,129576,129578],{"className":50,"code":129577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,129579,129580,129621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129581,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602,129604,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614,129617,129619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129583,32846],{"class":285},[57,129585,289],{"class":76},[57,129587,1449],{"class":938},[57,129589,43068],{"class":942},[57,129591,1904],{"class":80},[57,129593,129540],{"class":80},[57,129595,88021],{"class":942},[57,129597,939],{"class":938},[57,129599,498],{"class":67},[57,129601,128251],{"class":238},[57,129603,68],{"class":67},[57,129605,939],{"class":938},[57,129607,5807],{"class":942},[57,129609,939],{"class":938},[57,129611,1081],{"class":67},[57,129613,1449],{"class":938},[57,129615,129616],{"class":942},"Lee",[57,129618,939],{"class":938},[57,129620,242],{"class":67},[57,129622,129623,129625,129627,129629],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129624,64],{"class":63},[57,129626,68],{"class":67},[57,129628,32867],{"class":238},[57,129630,242],{"class":67},[616,129632,129634],{"id":129633},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[15,129636,129637,129638,498],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[19,129639,124531],{},[15,129641,129642],{},"Problem:",[48,129644,129646],{"className":50,"code":129645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,129647,129648,129682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129649,129650,129652,129654,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129651,32846],{"class":285},[57,129653,289],{"class":76},[57,129655,1449],{"class":938},[57,129657,43068],{"class":942},[57,129659,128868],{"class":80},[57,129661,88021],{"class":942},[57,129663,939],{"class":938},[57,129665,498],{"class":67},[57,129667,128251],{"class":238},[57,129669,68],{"class":67},[57,129671,6117],{"class":7312},[57,129673,289],{"class":76},[57,129675,939],{"class":938},[57,129677,5807],{"class":942},[57,129679,939],{"class":938},[57,129681,242],{"class":67},[57,129683,129684,129686,129688,129690],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129685,64],{"class":63},[57,129687,68],{"class":67},[57,129689,32867],{"class":238},[57,129691,242],{"class":67},[15,129693,129574],{},[48,129695,129697],{"className":50,"code":129696,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,129698,129699,129733],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129700,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129702,32846],{"class":285},[57,129704,289],{"class":76},[57,129706,1449],{"class":938},[57,129708,43068],{"class":942},[57,129710,128868],{"class":80},[57,129712,88021],{"class":942},[57,129714,939],{"class":938},[57,129716,498],{"class":67},[57,129718,128251],{"class":238},[57,129720,68],{"class":67},[57,129722,5798],{"class":7312},[57,129724,289],{"class":76},[57,129726,939],{"class":938},[57,129728,5807],{"class":942},[57,129730,939],{"class":938},[57,129732,242],{"class":67},[57,129734,129735,129737,129739,129741],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129736,64],{"class":63},[57,129738,68],{"class":67},[57,129740,32867],{"class":238},[57,129742,242],{"class":67},[616,129744,6587,129746,129748],{"id":129745},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[19,129747,124531],{}," to change the original string",[15,129750,129751,129753],{},[19,129752,124531],{}," does not modify the original string.",[15,129755,129642],{},[48,129757,129759],{"className":50,"code":129758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,129760,129761,129775,129793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129762,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129764,32846],{"class":285},[57,129766,289],{"class":76},[57,129768,1449],{"class":938},[57,129770,43068],{"class":942},[57,129772,1904],{"class":80},[57,129774,1455],{"class":938},[57,129776,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787,129789,129791],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129778,32867],{"class":285},[57,129780,498],{"class":67},[57,129782,128251],{"class":238},[57,129784,68],{"class":67},[57,129786,939],{"class":938},[57,129788,5807],{"class":942},[57,129790,939],{"class":938},[57,129792,242],{"class":67},[57,129794,129795,129797,129799,129801],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,129796,64],{"class":63},[57,129798,68],{"class":67},[57,129800,32867],{"class":238},[57,129802,242],{"class":67},[15,129804,129805],{},[1854,129806,131],{},[48,129808,129810],{"className":50,"code":129809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, {}\n",[19,129811,129812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129813,129814,129816,129818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129815,33026],{"class":285},[57,129817,1081],{"class":67},[57,129819,7976],{"class":67},[15,129821,129574],{},[48,129823,129825],{"className":50,"code":129824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,129826,129827,129841,129863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129828,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837,129839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129830,32846],{"class":285},[57,129832,289],{"class":76},[57,129834,1449],{"class":938},[57,129836,43068],{"class":942},[57,129838,1904],{"class":80},[57,129840,1455],{"class":938},[57,129842,129843,129845,129847,129849,129851,129853,129855,129857,129859,129861],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129844,32846],{"class":285},[57,129846,289],{"class":76},[57,129848,41007],{"class":285},[57,129850,498],{"class":67},[57,129852,128251],{"class":238},[57,129854,68],{"class":67},[57,129856,939],{"class":938},[57,129858,5807],{"class":942},[57,129860,939],{"class":938},[57,129862,242],{"class":67},[57,129864,129865,129867,129869,129871],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,129866,64],{"class":63},[57,129868,68],{"class":67},[57,129870,32867],{"class":238},[57,129872,242],{"class":67},[616,129874,2824,129876,129878],{"id":129875},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[19,129877,124531],{}," returns a new string",[15,129880,129881],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[616,129883,129885],{"id":129884},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[15,129887,129888],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[15,129890,129891,129892,129894],{},"Use simple ",[19,129893,1904],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[15,129896,129897,129898,498],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[373,129899,88579],{"href":88578},[43,129901,66068],{"id":66067},[15,129903,129904],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[48,129906,129908],{"className":50,"code":129907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[19,129909,129910,129920,129934,129963],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129911,129912,129914,129916,129918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129913,64],{"class":63},[57,129915,68],{"class":67},[57,129917,32867],{"class":238},[57,129919,242],{"class":67},[57,129921,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930,129932],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,129923,64],{"class":63},[57,129925,68],{"class":67},[57,129927,1315],{"class":990},[57,129929,68],{"class":67},[57,129931,552],{"class":238},[57,129933,84],{"class":67},[57,129935,129936,129938,129940,129942,129945,129947,129949,129951,129953,129955,129957,129959,129961],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,129937,64],{"class":63},[57,129939,68],{"class":67},[57,129941,939],{"class":938},[57,129943,129944],{"class":942},"Hello ",[57,129946,1904],{"class":80},[57,129948,939],{"class":938},[57,129950,498],{"class":67},[57,129952,128251],{"class":238},[57,129954,68],{"class":67},[57,129956,939],{"class":938},[57,129958,5807],{"class":942},[57,129960,939],{"class":938},[57,129962,84],{"class":67},[57,129964,129965,129967,129969,129971,129973,129975],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,129966,30309],{"class":63},[57,129968,68],{"class":67},[57,129970,1541],{"class":990},[57,129972,498],{"class":67},[57,129974,128251],{"class":22903},[57,129976,242],{"class":67},[15,129978,129979],{},"Use them to check:",[27,129981,129982,129985,129988,129991],{},[30,129983,129984],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[30,129986,129987],{},"what type your value has",[30,129989,129990],{},"whether a small test example works",[30,129992,129993,129994],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[19,129995,129996],{},"str.format",[43,129998,1554],{"id":1553},[616,130000,128032,130002,10860],{"id":130001},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[19,130003,124531],{},[15,130005,130006],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[616,130008,130010],{"id":130009},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[15,130012,130013,130014,130016],{},"No. You can use plain ",[19,130015,1904],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[616,130018,130020,130021,572],{"id":130019},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[19,130022,124531],{},[15,130024,130025,130026,130029],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[19,130027,130028],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[616,130031,13050,130033,130035],{"id":130032},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[19,130034,124531],{}," better than f-strings?",[15,130037,130038,130039,130041],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[19,130040,124531],{}," is still useful and common.",[43,130043,1602],{"id":1601},[27,130045,130046,130050,130054,130060,130066],{},[30,130047,130048],{},[373,130049,123283],{"href":49144},[30,130051,130052],{},[373,130053,88856],{"href":87865},[30,130055,130056],{},[373,130057,1680,130058,1611],{"href":44616},[19,130059,44619],{},[30,130061,130062],{},[373,130063,1680,130064,1611],{"href":40340},[19,130065,45851],{},[30,130067,130068],{},[373,130069,88579],{"href":88578},[1634,130071,130072],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":130074},[130075,130076,130078,130079,130080,130081,130082,130083,130085,130094,130095,130104],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":128318,"depth":87,"text":130077},"What the format() method does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":128599,"depth":87,"text":128600},{"id":128861,"depth":87,"text":128862},{"id":129092,"depth":87,"text":129093},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":129395,"depth":87,"text":130084},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":130086},[130087,130088,130089,130091,130093],{"id":129516,"depth":103,"text":129517},{"id":129633,"depth":103,"text":129634},{"id":129745,"depth":103,"text":130090},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":129875,"depth":103,"text":130092},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":129884,"depth":103,"text":129885},{"id":66067,"depth":87,"text":66068},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":130096},[130097,130099,130100,130102],{"id":130001,"depth":103,"text":130098},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":130009,"depth":103,"text":130010},{"id":130019,"depth":103,"text":130101},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":130032,"depth":103,"text":130103},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":128178,"description":130105},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":130112,"title":130113,"body":130114,"description":131594,"extension":1666,"meta":131595,"navigation":317,"path":131596,"seo":131597,"stem":131598,"__hash__":131599},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":8,"value":130115,"toc":131566},[130116,130121,130126,130131,130133,130195,130202,130208,130213,130215,130231,130233,130304,130306,130320,130323,130373,130375,130377,130404,130407,130422,130425,130466,130469,130514,130521,130570,130572,130580,130582,130600,130602,130695,130703,130744,130749,130756,130762,130769,130772,130776,130877,130879,130901,130905,130958,130961,130964,130970,130977,130979,131018,131020,131038,131048,131055,131138,131141,131148,131155,131162,131166,131174,131220,131224,131233,131298,131303,131308,131319,131321,131326,131353,131355,131458,131461,131481,131483,131488,131491,131495,131499,131506,131515,131521,131524,131530,131532,131534,131563],[11,130117,121528,130119,9463],{"id":130118},"python-string-index-method",[19,130120,57139],{},[15,130122,121533,130123,130125],{},[19,130124,57139],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[15,130127,130128,130129,498],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[19,130130,38868],{},[43,130132,46],{"id":45},[48,130134,130136],{"className":50,"code":130135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[19,130137,130138,130150,130172,130182,130186,130190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130139,130140,130142,130144,130146,130148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130141,32846],{"class":285},[57,130143,289],{"class":76},[57,130145,1449],{"class":938},[57,130147,58578],{"class":942},[57,130149,1455],{"class":938},[57,130151,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130153,63092],{"class":285},[57,130155,289],{"class":76},[57,130157,41007],{"class":285},[57,130159,498],{"class":67},[57,130161,34006],{"class":238},[57,130163,68],{"class":67},[57,130165,939],{"class":938},[57,130167,58763],{"class":942},[57,130169,939],{"class":938},[57,130171,242],{"class":67},[57,130173,130174,130176,130178,130180],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,130175,64],{"class":63},[57,130177,68],{"class":67},[57,130179,63119],{"class":238},[57,130181,242],{"class":67},[57,130183,130184],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,130185,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,130187,130188],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,130189,88997],{"class":1772},[57,130191,130192],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,130193,130194],{"class":1772},"# 6\n",[15,130196,154,130197,130199,130200,498],{},[19,130198,57139],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[19,130201,38868],{},[43,130203,1787,130205,1790],{"id":130204},"what-strindex-does",[19,130206,130207],{},"str.index()",[15,130209,130210,130212],{},[19,130211,130207],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[15,130214,11197],{},[27,130216,130217,130220,130223,130226],{},[30,130218,130219],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[30,130221,130222],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[30,130224,130225],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[30,130227,28449,130228,130230],{},[19,130229,38868],{}," if the substring is not found",[15,130232,275],{},[48,130234,130236],{"className":50,"code":130235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[19,130237,130238,130250,130254,130279],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130239,130240,130242,130244,130246,130248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130241,32846],{"class":285},[57,130243,289],{"class":76},[57,130245,1449],{"class":938},[57,130247,2204],{"class":942},[57,130249,1455],{"class":938},[57,130251,130252],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130253,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,130255,130256,130258,130260,130262,130264,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,130257,64],{"class":63},[57,130259,68],{"class":67},[57,130261,32867],{"class":238},[57,130263,498],{"class":67},[57,130265,34006],{"class":238},[57,130267,68],{"class":67},[57,130269,939],{"class":938},[57,130271,373],{"class":942},[57,130273,939],{"class":938},[57,130275,3485],{"class":67},[57,130277,130278],{"class":1772},"     # 1\n",[57,130280,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289,130291,130293,130295,130297,130299,130301],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,130282,64],{"class":63},[57,130284,68],{"class":67},[57,130286,32867],{"class":238},[57,130288,498],{"class":67},[57,130290,34006],{"class":238},[57,130292,68],{"class":67},[57,130294,939],{"class":938},[57,130296,121621],{"class":942},[57,130298,939],{"class":938},[57,130300,3485],{"class":67},[57,130302,130303],{"class":1772},"    # 2\n",[15,130305,245],{},[27,130307,130308,130314],{},[30,130309,130310,126741,130312],{},[19,130311,16246],{},[19,130313,1078],{},[30,130315,130316,126741,130318],{},[19,130317,126740],{},[19,130319,116],{},[15,130321,130322],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[48,130324,130326],{"className":50,"code":130325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[19,130327,130328,130340,130344,130368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130329,130330,130332,130334,130336,130338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130331,32846],{"class":285},[57,130333,289],{"class":76},[57,130335,1449],{"class":938},[57,130337,33026],{"class":942},[57,130339,1455],{"class":938},[57,130341,130342],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130343,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,130345,130346,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364,130366],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,130347,64],{"class":63},[57,130349,68],{"class":67},[57,130351,32867],{"class":238},[57,130353,498],{"class":67},[57,130355,34006],{"class":238},[57,130357,68],{"class":67},[57,130359,939],{"class":938},[57,130361,49360],{"class":942},[57,130363,939],{"class":938},[57,130365,3485],{"class":67},[57,130367,18919],{"class":1772},[57,130369,130370],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,130371,130372],{"class":1772},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[43,130374,221],{"id":220},[15,130376,224],{},[48,130378,130380],{"className":50,"code":130379,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[19,130381,130382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130383,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130385,59346],{"class":285},[57,130387,498],{"class":67},[57,130389,34006],{"class":238},[57,130391,68],{"class":67},[57,130393,552],{"class":238},[57,130395,1081],{"class":67},[57,130397,34212],{"class":238},[57,130399,1081],{"class":67},[57,130401,63213],{"class":238},[57,130403,242],{"class":67},[15,130405,130406],{},"Parameters:",[27,130408,130409,130413,130417],{},[30,130410,130411,121720],{},[19,130412,552],{},[30,130414,130415,126787],{},[19,130416,34233],{},[30,130418,130419,130421],{},[19,130420,50830],{},": optional stopping position",[15,130423,130424],{},"You can use just the value:",[48,130426,130428],{"className":50,"code":130427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[19,130429,130430,130442],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130431,130432,130434,130436,130438,130440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130433,32846],{"class":285},[57,130435,289],{"class":76},[57,130437,1449],{"class":938},[57,130439,52],{"class":942},[57,130441,1455],{"class":938},[57,130443,130444,130446,130448,130450,130452,130454,130456,130458,130460,130462,130464],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130445,64],{"class":63},[57,130447,68],{"class":67},[57,130449,32867],{"class":238},[57,130451,498],{"class":67},[57,130453,34006],{"class":238},[57,130455,68],{"class":67},[57,130457,939],{"class":938},[57,130459,61459],{"class":942},[57,130461,939],{"class":938},[57,130463,3485],{"class":67},[57,130465,49584],{"class":1772},[15,130467,130468],{},"Or include a start position:",[48,130470,130472],{"className":50,"code":130471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[19,130473,130474,130486],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130475,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130477,32846],{"class":285},[57,130479,289],{"class":76},[57,130481,1449],{"class":938},[57,130483,2204],{"class":942},[57,130485,1455],{"class":938},[57,130487,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496,130498,130500,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510,130512],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130489,64],{"class":63},[57,130491,68],{"class":67},[57,130493,32867],{"class":238},[57,130495,498],{"class":67},[57,130497,34006],{"class":238},[57,130499,68],{"class":67},[57,130501,939],{"class":938},[57,130503,373],{"class":942},[57,130505,939],{"class":938},[57,130507,1081],{"class":67},[57,130509,1084],{"class":80},[57,130511,3485],{"class":67},[57,130513,48939],{"class":1772},[15,130515,130516,130517,2511,130519,972],{},"Or include both ",[19,130518,34233],{},[19,130520,50830],{},[48,130522,130524],{"className":50,"code":130523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[19,130525,130526,130538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130527,130528,130530,130532,130534,130536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130529,32846],{"class":285},[57,130531,289],{"class":76},[57,130533,1449],{"class":938},[57,130535,2204],{"class":942},[57,130537,1455],{"class":938},[57,130539,130540,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130541,64],{"class":63},[57,130543,68],{"class":67},[57,130545,32867],{"class":238},[57,130547,498],{"class":67},[57,130549,34006],{"class":238},[57,130551,68],{"class":67},[57,130553,939],{"class":938},[57,130555,373],{"class":942},[57,130557,939],{"class":938},[57,130559,1081],{"class":67},[57,130561,1084],{"class":80},[57,130563,1081],{"class":67},[57,130565,2724],{"class":80},[57,130567,3485],{"class":67},[57,130569,48939],{"class":1772},[43,130571,36183],{"id":36182},[15,130573,26863,130574,130576,130577,498],{},[19,130575,57139],{}," is a ",[1854,130578,130579],{},"zero-based index",[15,130581,169],{},[27,130583,130584,130590,130595],{},[30,130585,130586,130587,130589],{},"Index ",[19,130588,182],{}," is the first character",[30,130591,130586,130592,130594],{},[19,130593,1078],{}," is the second character",[30,130596,130586,130597,130599],{},[19,130598,116],{}," is the third character",[15,130601,275],{},[48,130603,130605],{"className":50,"code":130604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[19,130606,130607,130619,130623,130647,130671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130608,130609,130611,130613,130615,130617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130610,32846],{"class":285},[57,130612,289],{"class":76},[57,130614,1449],{"class":938},[57,130616,35209],{"class":942},[57,130618,1455],{"class":938},[57,130620,130621],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130622,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,130624,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,130626,64],{"class":63},[57,130628,68],{"class":67},[57,130630,32867],{"class":238},[57,130632,498],{"class":67},[57,130634,34006],{"class":238},[57,130636,68],{"class":67},[57,130638,939],{"class":938},[57,130640,7877],{"class":942},[57,130642,939],{"class":938},[57,130644,3485],{"class":67},[57,130646,49416],{"class":1772},[57,130648,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,130650,64],{"class":63},[57,130652,68],{"class":67},[57,130654,32867],{"class":238},[57,130656,498],{"class":67},[57,130658,34006],{"class":238},[57,130660,68],{"class":67},[57,130662,939],{"class":938},[57,130664,373],{"class":942},[57,130666,939],{"class":938},[57,130668,3485],{"class":67},[57,130670,25934],{"class":1772},[57,130672,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689,130691,130693],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,130674,64],{"class":63},[57,130676,68],{"class":67},[57,130678,32867],{"class":238},[57,130680,498],{"class":67},[57,130682,34006],{"class":238},[57,130684,68],{"class":67},[57,130686,939],{"class":938},[57,130688,61459],{"class":942},[57,130690,939],{"class":938},[57,130692,3485],{"class":67},[57,130694,49584],{"class":1772},[15,130696,130697,130699,130700,130702],{},[19,130698,57139],{}," returns only the ",[1854,130701,28064],{}," matching position.",[48,130704,130706],{"className":50,"code":130705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[19,130707,130708,130720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130709,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130711,32846],{"class":285},[57,130713,289],{"class":76},[57,130715,1449],{"class":938},[57,130717,2204],{"class":942},[57,130719,1455],{"class":938},[57,130721,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130740,130742],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130723,64],{"class":63},[57,130725,68],{"class":67},[57,130727,32867],{"class":238},[57,130729,498],{"class":67},[57,130731,34006],{"class":238},[57,130733,68],{"class":67},[57,130735,939],{"class":938},[57,130737,373],{"class":942},[57,130739,939],{"class":938},[57,130741,3485],{"class":67},[57,130743,25934],{"class":1772},[15,130745,19129,130746,130748],{},[19,130747,16246],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[15,130750,130751,130752,498],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[373,130753,130754,8880],{"href":122978},[19,130755,56761],{},[43,130757,6551,130758,2511,130760],{"id":63579},[19,130759,34233],{},[19,130761,50830],{},[15,130763,17,130764,2511,130766,130768],{},[19,130765,34233],{},[19,130767,50830],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[15,130770,130771],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[15,130773,44207,130774,972],{},[19,130775,34233],{},[48,130777,130779],{"className":50,"code":130778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[19,130780,130781,130793,130797,130821,130849],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130782,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130784,32846],{"class":285},[57,130786,289],{"class":76},[57,130788,1449],{"class":938},[57,130790,2204],{"class":942},[57,130792,1455],{"class":938},[57,130794,130795],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130796,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,130798,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,130800,64],{"class":63},[57,130802,68],{"class":67},[57,130804,32867],{"class":238},[57,130806,498],{"class":67},[57,130808,34006],{"class":238},[57,130810,68],{"class":67},[57,130812,939],{"class":938},[57,130814,373],{"class":942},[57,130816,939],{"class":938},[57,130818,3485],{"class":67},[57,130820,49289],{"class":1772},[57,130822,130823,130825,130827,130829,130831,130833,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,130824,64],{"class":63},[57,130826,68],{"class":67},[57,130828,32867],{"class":238},[57,130830,498],{"class":67},[57,130832,34006],{"class":238},[57,130834,68],{"class":67},[57,130836,939],{"class":938},[57,130838,373],{"class":942},[57,130840,939],{"class":938},[57,130842,1081],{"class":67},[57,130844,1084],{"class":80},[57,130846,3485],{"class":67},[57,130848,49138],{"class":1772},[57,130850,130851,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,130852,64],{"class":63},[57,130854,68],{"class":67},[57,130856,32867],{"class":238},[57,130858,498],{"class":67},[57,130860,34006],{"class":238},[57,130862,68],{"class":67},[57,130864,939],{"class":938},[57,130866,373],{"class":942},[57,130868,939],{"class":938},[57,130870,1081],{"class":67},[57,130872,536],{"class":80},[57,130874,3485],{"class":67},[57,130876,48922],{"class":1772},[15,130878,18108],{},[27,130880,130881,130888,130894],{},[30,130882,130883,130884,63769,130886],{},"The first search finds the first ",[19,130885,16246],{},[19,130887,1078],{},[30,130889,130890,130891,130893],{},"Starting at index ",[19,130892,116],{}," skips that first match",[30,130895,130890,130896,130898,130899],{},[19,130897,585],{}," finds the last ",[19,130900,16246],{},[15,130902,44207,130903,972],{},[19,130904,50830],{},[48,130906,130908],{"className":50,"code":130907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[19,130909,130910,130922,130926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130911,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130913,32846],{"class":285},[57,130915,289],{"class":76},[57,130917,1449],{"class":938},[57,130919,2204],{"class":942},[57,130921,1455],{"class":938},[57,130923,130924],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130925,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,130927,130928,130930,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954,130956],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,130929,64],{"class":63},[57,130931,68],{"class":67},[57,130933,32867],{"class":238},[57,130935,498],{"class":67},[57,130937,34006],{"class":238},[57,130939,68],{"class":67},[57,130941,939],{"class":938},[57,130943,74203],{"class":942},[57,130945,939],{"class":938},[57,130947,1081],{"class":67},[57,130949,1946],{"class":80},[57,130951,1081],{"class":67},[57,130953,536],{"class":80},[57,130955,3485],{"class":67},[57,130957,49584],{"class":1772},[15,130959,130960],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[15,130962,130963],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[43,130965,42379,130967,130969],{"id":130966},"when-index-causes-an-error",[19,130968,57139],{}," causes an error",[15,130971,130972,130973,50664,130975,498],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[19,130974,57139],{},[19,130976,38868],{},[15,130978,275],{},[48,130980,130982],{"className":50,"code":130981,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[19,130983,130984,130996],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130985,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130987,32846],{"class":285},[57,130989,289],{"class":76},[57,130991,1449],{"class":938},[57,130993,1958],{"class":942},[57,130995,1455],{"class":938},[57,130997,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010,131012,131014,131016],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,130999,64],{"class":63},[57,131001,68],{"class":67},[57,131003,32867],{"class":238},[57,131005,498],{"class":67},[57,131007,34006],{"class":238},[57,131009,68],{"class":67},[57,131011,939],{"class":938},[57,131013,20229],{"class":942},[57,131015,939],{"class":938},[57,131017,84],{"class":67},[15,131019,131],{},[48,131021,131023],{"className":50,"code":131022,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[19,131024,131025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131026,131027,131029,131031,131034,131036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131028,38868],{"class":990},[57,131030,972],{"class":67},[57,131032,131033],{"class":285}," substring ",[57,131035,2750],{"class":76},[57,131037,64002],{"class":285},[15,131039,51511,131040,124494,131045,131047],{},[373,131041,131042],{"href":128172},[19,131043,131044],{},"str.find()",[19,131046,64027],{}," instead of raising an error.",[15,131049,131050,131051,2511,131053,972],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[19,131052,27959],{},[19,131054,27990],{},[48,131056,131058],{"className":50,"code":131057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[19,131059,131060,131072,131076,131082,131105,131115,131123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131061,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131063,32846],{"class":285},[57,131065,289],{"class":76},[57,131067,1449],{"class":938},[57,131069,1958],{"class":942},[57,131071,1455],{"class":938},[57,131073,131074],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,131075,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,131077,131078,131080],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,131079,27959],{"class":1990},[57,131081,4520],{"class":67},[57,131083,131084,131087,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,131085,131086],{"class":285},"    position ",[57,131088,289],{"class":76},[57,131090,41007],{"class":285},[57,131092,498],{"class":67},[57,131094,34006],{"class":238},[57,131096,68],{"class":67},[57,131098,939],{"class":938},[57,131100,20229],{"class":942},[57,131102,939],{"class":938},[57,131104,242],{"class":67},[57,131106,131107,131109,131111,131113],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,131108,6201],{"class":63},[57,131110,68],{"class":67},[57,131112,63119],{"class":238},[57,131114,242],{"class":67},[57,131116,131117,131119,131121],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,131118,27990],{"class":1990},[57,131120,40091],{"class":990},[57,131122,4520],{"class":67},[57,131124,131125,131127,131129,131131,131134,131136],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,131126,6201],{"class":63},[57,131128,68],{"class":67},[57,131130,939],{"class":938},[57,131132,131133],{"class":942},"Substring not found",[57,131135,939],{"class":938},[57,131137,242],{"class":67},[15,131139,131140],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[15,131142,40111,131143,498],{},[373,131144,23833,131146],{"href":131145},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[19,131147,127499],{},[43,131149,131151,8724,131153],{"id":131150},"index-vs-find",[19,131152,57139],{},[19,131154,122523],{},[15,131156,131157,2511,131159,131161],{},[19,131158,57139],{},[19,131160,122523],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[616,131163,131164],{"id":34006},[19,131165,57139],{},[27,131167,131168,131171],{},[30,131169,131170],{},"Returns the first match position",[30,131172,131173],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[48,131175,131177],{"className":50,"code":131176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[19,131178,131179,131191,131215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131180,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131182,32846],{"class":285},[57,131184,289],{"class":76},[57,131186,1449],{"class":938},[57,131188,1958],{"class":942},[57,131190,1455],{"class":938},[57,131192,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,131194,64],{"class":63},[57,131196,68],{"class":67},[57,131198,32867],{"class":238},[57,131200,498],{"class":67},[57,131202,34006],{"class":238},[57,131204,68],{"class":67},[57,131206,939],{"class":938},[57,131208,58619],{"class":942},[57,131210,939],{"class":938},[57,131212,3485],{"class":67},[57,131214,25934],{"class":1772},[57,131216,131217],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,131218,131219],{"class":1772},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[616,131221,131222],{"id":126553},[19,131223,122523],{},[27,131225,131226,131228],{},[30,131227,131170],{},[30,131229,9565,131230,131232],{},[19,131231,64027],{}," if nothing is found",[48,131234,131236],{"className":50,"code":131235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[19,131237,131238,131250,131274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131239,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131241,32846],{"class":285},[57,131243,289],{"class":76},[57,131245,1449],{"class":938},[57,131247,1958],{"class":942},[57,131249,1455],{"class":938},[57,131251,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,131253,64],{"class":63},[57,131255,68],{"class":67},[57,131257,32867],{"class":238},[57,131259,498],{"class":67},[57,131261,126553],{"class":238},[57,131263,68],{"class":67},[57,131265,939],{"class":938},[57,131267,58619],{"class":942},[57,131269,939],{"class":938},[57,131271,3485],{"class":67},[57,131273,25934],{"class":1772},[57,131275,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,131277,64],{"class":63},[57,131279,68],{"class":67},[57,131281,32867],{"class":238},[57,131283,498],{"class":67},[57,131285,126553],{"class":238},[57,131287,68],{"class":67},[57,131289,939],{"class":938},[57,131291,20229],{"class":942},[57,131293,939],{"class":938},[57,131295,3485],{"class":67},[57,131297,126909],{"class":1772},[15,131299,154,131300,131302],{},[19,131301,57139],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[15,131304,154,131305,131307],{},[19,131306,122523],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[15,131309,131310,131311,965,131316,498],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[373,131312,131313,131315],{"href":128172},[19,131314,131044],{}," method reference",[373,131317,125564],{"href":131318},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[43,131320,913],{"id":912},[15,131322,131323,131324,972],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[19,131325,57139],{},[27,131327,131328,131331,131338,131343,131348],{},[30,131329,131330],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[30,131332,6587,131333,6590,131335,131337],{},[19,131334,57139],{},[19,131336,64027],{}," when no match exists",[30,131339,6551,131340,131342],{},[19,131341,57139],{}," on a value that may not be present",[30,131344,131345,131346],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[19,131347,1078],{},[30,131349,2698,131350,131352],{},[19,131351,57139],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[15,131354,60467],{},[48,131356,131358],{"className":50,"code":131357,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[19,131359,131360,131370,131384,131406,131428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131361,131362,131364,131366,131368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131363,64],{"class":63},[57,131365,68],{"class":67},[57,131367,32867],{"class":238},[57,131369,242],{"class":67},[57,131371,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,131373,64],{"class":63},[57,131375,68],{"class":67},[57,131377,39944],{"class":63},[57,131379,68],{"class":67},[57,131381,32867],{"class":238},[57,131383,84],{"class":67},[57,131385,131386,131388,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,131387,64],{"class":63},[57,131389,68],{"class":67},[57,131391,32867],{"class":238},[57,131393,498],{"class":67},[57,131395,34006],{"class":238},[57,131397,68],{"class":67},[57,131399,939],{"class":938},[57,131401,552],{"class":942},[57,131403,939],{"class":938},[57,131405,84],{"class":67},[57,131407,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,131409,64],{"class":63},[57,131411,68],{"class":67},[57,131413,32867],{"class":238},[57,131415,498],{"class":67},[57,131417,126553],{"class":238},[57,131419,68],{"class":67},[57,131421,939],{"class":938},[57,131423,552],{"class":942},[57,131425,939],{"class":938},[57,131427,84],{"class":67},[57,131429,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,131431,64],{"class":63},[57,131433,68],{"class":67},[57,131435,32867],{"class":238},[57,131437,498],{"class":67},[57,131439,34006],{"class":238},[57,131441,68],{"class":67},[57,131443,939],{"class":938},[57,131445,552],{"class":942},[57,131447,939],{"class":938},[57,131449,1081],{"class":67},[57,131451,34212],{"class":238},[57,131453,1081],{"class":67},[57,131455,63213],{"class":238},[57,131457,84],{"class":67},[15,131459,131460],{},"Tips:",[27,131462,131463,131468,131473,131476],{},[30,131464,154,131465,131467],{},[19,131466,124450],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[30,131469,154,131470,131472],{},[19,131471,122523],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[30,131474,131475],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[30,131477,131478,131479],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[19,131480,182],{},[43,131482,1554],{"id":1553},[616,131484,128032,131486,10860],{"id":131485},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[19,131487,57139],{},[15,131489,131490],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[616,131492,131494],{"id":131493},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[15,131496,75031,131497,498],{},[19,131498,38868],{},[616,131500,3302,131502,2511,131504,572],{"id":131501},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[19,131503,57139],{},[19,131505,122523],{},[15,131507,131508,131510,131511,474,131513,4759],{},[19,131509,57139],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[19,131512,122523],{},[19,131514,64027],{},[616,131516,3292,131518,131520],{"id":131517},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[19,131519,57139],{}," search for more than one character?",[15,131522,131523],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[616,131525,131527,131528,122864],{"id":131526},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[19,131529,57139],{},[15,131531,128057],{},[43,131533,1602],{"id":1601},[27,131535,131536,131542,131546,131551,131557],{},[30,131537,131538],{},[373,131539,131540,8880],{"href":128172},[19,131541,131044],{},[30,131543,131544],{},[373,131545,122927],{"href":131318},[30,131547,131548],{},[373,131549,128133],{"href":131550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[30,131552,131553],{},[373,131554,131555,8880],{"href":122978},[19,131556,56761],{},[30,131558,131559],{},[373,131560,28503,131561],{"href":131145},[19,131562,127499],{},[1634,131564,131565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":131567},[131568,131569,131571,131572,131573,131574,131576,131581,131582,131593],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":130204,"depth":87,"text":131570},"What str.index() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":36182,"depth":87,"text":36183},{"id":63579,"depth":87,"text":64362},{"id":130966,"depth":87,"text":131575},"When index() causes an error",{"id":131150,"depth":87,"text":131577,"children":131578},"index() vs find()",[131579,131580],{"id":34006,"depth":103,"text":57139},{"id":126553,"depth":103,"text":122523},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":131583},[131584,131586,131587,131589,131591],{"id":131485,"depth":103,"text":131585},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":131493,"depth":103,"text":131494},{"id":131501,"depth":103,"text":131588},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":131517,"depth":103,"text":131590},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":131526,"depth":103,"text":131592},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":130113,"description":131594},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":131601,"title":131602,"body":131603,"description":134378,"extension":1666,"meta":134379,"navigation":317,"path":134380,"seo":134381,"stem":134382,"__hash__":134383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":8,"value":131604,"toc":134314},[131605,131611,131616,131619,131622,131633,131635,131704,131706,131720,131725,131730,131735,131737,131780,131782,131865,131867,131913,131919,131921,131923,131943,131945,131968,131970,132044,132046,132065,132070,132072,132076,132148,132150,132164,132168,132244,132246,132265,132269,132363,132365,132374,132381,132457,132459,132477,132481,132484,132491,132540,132542,132551,132558,132617,132619,132637,132640,132647,132706,132708,132726,132733,132790,132792,132801,132805,132810,132814,132873,132875,132893,132897,132944,132949,132952,133021,133023,133040,133047,133053,133108,133113,133116,133193,133195,133213,133219,133225,133285,133287,133306,133312,133315,133322,133375,133380,133382,133443,133452,133459,133461,133518,133523,133525,133596,133600,133655,133657,133666,133671,133677,133746,133748,133780,133786,133794,133801,133807,133872,133874,133883,133889,133970,133972,133981,133986,134000,134007,134011,134016,134044,134046,134179,134182,134219,134221,134227,134236,134241,134244,134249,134254,134260,134263,134272,134275,134277,134306,134311],[11,131606,121528,131608,9463],{"id":131607},"python-string-join-method",[19,131609,131610],{},"join()",[15,131612,121533,131613,131615],{},[19,131614,131610],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[15,131617,131618],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[15,131620,131621],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[27,131623,131624,131630],{},[30,131625,131626,131627,131629],{},"You call ",[19,131628,131610],{}," on the separator string",[30,131631,131632],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[43,131634,1714],{"id":1713},[48,131636,131638],{"className":50,"code":131637,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[19,131639,131640,131673,131694],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131641,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650,131652,131654,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664,131666,131669,131671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131643,2186],{"class":285},[57,131645,289],{"class":76},[57,131647,1729],{"class":67},[57,131649,939],{"class":938},[57,131651,5426],{"class":942},[57,131653,939],{"class":938},[57,131655,1081],{"class":67},[57,131657,1449],{"class":938},[57,131659,10337],{"class":942},[57,131661,939],{"class":938},[57,131663,1081],{"class":67},[57,131665,1449],{"class":938},[57,131667,131668],{"class":942},"fun",[57,131670,939],{"class":938},[57,131672,1742],{"class":67},[57,131674,131675,131677,131679,131681,131683,131685,131688,131690,131692],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,131676,300],{"class":285},[57,131678,289],{"class":76},[57,131680,1449],{"class":938},[57,131682,1449],{"class":938},[57,131684,498],{"class":67},[57,131686,131687],{"class":238},"join",[57,131689,68],{"class":67},[57,131691,2230],{"class":238},[57,131693,242],{"class":67},[57,131695,131696,131698,131700,131702],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,131697,64],{"class":63},[57,131699,68],{"class":67},[57,131701,339],{"class":238},[57,131703,242],{"class":67},[15,131705,131],{},[48,131707,131709],{"className":50,"code":131708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is fun\n",[19,131710,131711],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131712,131713,131715,131717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131714,1680],{"class":285},[57,131716,10337],{"class":76},[57,131718,131719],{"class":285}," fun\n",[15,131721,154,131722,131724],{},[19,131723,131610],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[43,131726,1787,131728,1790],{"id":131727},"what-join-does",[19,131729,131610],{},[15,131731,131732,131734],{},[19,131733,131610],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[15,131736,9600],{},[27,131738,131739,131746,131774,131777],{},[30,131740,131741,131742,131745],{},"It uses the string before ",[19,131743,131744],{},".join()"," as the separator",[30,131747,131748,131749],{},"Common separators are:\n",[27,131750,131751,131757,131763,131769],{},[30,131752,131753,131756],{},[19,131754,131755],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[30,131758,131759,131762],{},[19,131760,131761],{},"\", \""," for commas",[30,131764,131765,131768],{},[19,131766,131767],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[30,131770,131771,131773],{},[19,131772,4398],{}," for no separator",[30,131775,131776],{},"It returns a new string",[30,131778,131779],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[15,131781,275],{},[48,131783,131785],{"className":50,"code":131784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[19,131786,131787,131819,131841,131845,131855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131788,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131790,2186],{"class":285},[57,131792,289],{"class":76},[57,131794,1729],{"class":67},[57,131796,939],{"class":938},[57,131798,11238],{"class":942},[57,131800,939],{"class":938},[57,131802,1081],{"class":67},[57,131804,1449],{"class":938},[57,131806,15605],{"class":942},[57,131808,939],{"class":938},[57,131810,1081],{"class":67},[57,131812,1449],{"class":938},[57,131814,11255],{"class":942},[57,131816,939],{"class":938},[57,131818,1742],{"class":67},[57,131820,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,131822,300],{"class":285},[57,131824,289],{"class":76},[57,131826,1449],{"class":938},[57,131828,256],{"class":942},[57,131830,939],{"class":938},[57,131832,498],{"class":67},[57,131834,131687],{"class":238},[57,131836,68],{"class":67},[57,131838,2230],{"class":238},[57,131840,242],{"class":67},[57,131842,131843],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,131844,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,131846,131847,131849,131851,131853],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,131848,64],{"class":63},[57,131850,68],{"class":67},[57,131852,339],{"class":238},[57,131854,242],{"class":67},[57,131856,131857,131859,131861,131863],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,131858,64],{"class":63},[57,131860,68],{"class":67},[57,131862,2230],{"class":238},[57,131864,242],{"class":67},[15,131866,131],{},[48,131868,131870],{"className":50,"code":131869,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[19,131871,131872,131885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131873,131874,131876,131878,131881,131883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131875,11238],{"class":285},[57,131877,1081],{"class":67},[57,131879,131880],{"class":285}," green",[57,131882,1081],{"class":67},[57,131884,34041],{"class":285},[57,131886,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,131888,2015],{"class":67},[57,131890,1395],{"class":938},[57,131892,11238],{"class":942},[57,131894,1395],{"class":938},[57,131896,1081],{"class":67},[57,131898,1390],{"class":938},[57,131900,15605],{"class":942},[57,131902,1395],{"class":938},[57,131904,1081],{"class":67},[57,131906,1390],{"class":938},[57,131908,11255],{"class":942},[57,131910,1395],{"class":938},[57,131912,1742],{"class":67},[15,131914,131915,131916,131918],{},"The list stays the same. ",[19,131917,131610],{}," creates a new string.",[43,131920,221],{"id":220},[15,131922,5347],{},[48,131924,131926],{"className":50,"code":131925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[19,131927,131928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131929,131930,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131931,131932],{"class":285},"separator",[57,131934,498],{"class":67},[57,131936,131687],{"class":238},[57,131938,68],{"class":67},[57,131940,1831],{"class":238},[57,131942,242],{"class":67},[616,131944,47178],{"id":47177},[27,131946,131947,131960,131965],{},[30,131948,131949,131951,131952,256,131954,256,131956,260,131958],{},[19,131950,131932],{}," is a string such as ",[19,131953,131755],{},[19,131955,131761],{},[19,131957,131767],{},[19,131959,4398],{},[30,131961,131962,131964],{},[19,131963,1831],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[30,131966,131967],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[15,131969,275],{},[48,131971,131973],{"className":50,"code":131972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,131974,131975,132007,132030,132034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131976,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131978,3116],{"class":285},[57,131980,289],{"class":76},[57,131982,1729],{"class":67},[57,131984,939],{"class":938},[57,131986,11025],{"class":942},[57,131988,939],{"class":938},[57,131990,1081],{"class":67},[57,131992,1449],{"class":938},[57,131994,34101],{"class":942},[57,131996,939],{"class":938},[57,131998,1081],{"class":67},[57,132000,1449],{"class":938},[57,132002,34110],{"class":942},[57,132004,939],{"class":938},[57,132006,1742],{"class":67},[57,132008,132009,132011,132013,132015,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132010,300],{"class":285},[57,132012,289],{"class":76},[57,132014,1449],{"class":938},[57,132016,132017],{"class":942}," | ",[57,132019,939],{"class":938},[57,132021,498],{"class":67},[57,132023,131687],{"class":238},[57,132025,68],{"class":67},[57,132027,3160],{"class":238},[57,132029,242],{"class":67},[57,132031,132032],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,132033,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,132035,132036,132038,132040,132042],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,132037,64],{"class":63},[57,132039,68],{"class":67},[57,132041,339],{"class":238},[57,132043,242],{"class":67},[15,132045,131],{},[48,132047,132049],{"className":50,"code":132048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[19,132050,132051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132052,132053,132056,132058,132061,132063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132054,132055],{"class":285},"Ana ",[57,132057,112035],{"class":76},[57,132059,132060],{"class":285}," Ben ",[57,132062,112035],{"class":76},[57,132064,34182],{"class":285},[15,132066,132067,132068,498],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[373,132069,123283],{"href":49144},[43,132071,120059],{"id":120058},[616,132073,132075],{"id":132074},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[48,132077,132079],{"className":50,"code":132078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,132080,132081,132114,132134,132138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132082,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132110,132112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132084,2186],{"class":285},[57,132086,289],{"class":76},[57,132088,1729],{"class":67},[57,132090,939],{"class":938},[57,132092,5426],{"class":942},[57,132094,939],{"class":938},[57,132096,1081],{"class":67},[57,132098,1449],{"class":938},[57,132100,10337],{"class":942},[57,132102,939],{"class":938},[57,132104,1081],{"class":67},[57,132106,1449],{"class":938},[57,132108,132109],{"class":942},"easy",[57,132111,939],{"class":938},[57,132113,1742],{"class":67},[57,132115,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132117,300],{"class":285},[57,132119,289],{"class":76},[57,132121,1449],{"class":938},[57,132123,1449],{"class":938},[57,132125,498],{"class":67},[57,132127,131687],{"class":238},[57,132129,68],{"class":67},[57,132131,2230],{"class":238},[57,132133,242],{"class":67},[57,132135,132136],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,132137,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,132139,132140,132142,132144,132146],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,132141,64],{"class":63},[57,132143,68],{"class":67},[57,132145,339],{"class":238},[57,132147,242],{"class":67},[15,132149,131],{},[48,132151,132153],{"className":50,"code":132152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is easy\n",[19,132154,132155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132156,132157,132159,132161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132158,1680],{"class":285},[57,132160,10337],{"class":76},[57,132162,132163],{"class":285}," easy\n",[616,132165,132167],{"id":132166},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[48,132169,132171],{"className":50,"code":132170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,132172,132173,132208,132230,132234],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132174,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132186,132188,132190,132192,132195,132197,132199,132201,132204,132206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132176,5910],{"class":285},[57,132178,289],{"class":76},[57,132180,1729],{"class":67},[57,132182,939],{"class":938},[57,132184,132185],{"class":942},"apples",[57,132187,939],{"class":938},[57,132189,1081],{"class":67},[57,132191,1449],{"class":938},[57,132193,132194],{"class":942},"bananas",[57,132196,939],{"class":938},[57,132198,1081],{"class":67},[57,132200,1449],{"class":938},[57,132202,132203],{"class":942},"oranges",[57,132205,939],{"class":938},[57,132207,1742],{"class":67},[57,132209,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132211,300],{"class":285},[57,132213,289],{"class":76},[57,132215,1449],{"class":938},[57,132217,256],{"class":942},[57,132219,939],{"class":938},[57,132221,498],{"class":67},[57,132223,131687],{"class":238},[57,132225,68],{"class":67},[57,132227,5941],{"class":238},[57,132229,242],{"class":67},[57,132231,132232],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,132233,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,132235,132236,132238,132240,132242],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,132237,64],{"class":63},[57,132239,68],{"class":67},[57,132241,339],{"class":238},[57,132243,242],{"class":67},[15,132245,131],{},[48,132247,132249],{"className":50,"code":132248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[19,132250,132251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132252,132253,132255,132257,132260,132262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132254,132185],{"class":285},[57,132256,1081],{"class":67},[57,132258,132259],{"class":285}," bananas",[57,132261,1081],{"class":67},[57,132263,132264],{"class":285}," oranges\n",[616,132266,132268],{"id":132267},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[48,132270,132272],{"className":50,"code":132271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,132273,132274,132331,132349,132353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132275,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132277,34251],{"class":285},[57,132279,289],{"class":76},[57,132281,1729],{"class":67},[57,132283,939],{"class":938},[57,132285,132286],{"class":942},"P",[57,132288,939],{"class":938},[57,132290,1081],{"class":67},[57,132292,1449],{"class":938},[57,132294,9888],{"class":942},[57,132296,939],{"class":938},[57,132298,1081],{"class":67},[57,132300,1449],{"class":938},[57,132302,61459],{"class":942},[57,132304,939],{"class":938},[57,132306,1081],{"class":67},[57,132308,1449],{"class":938},[57,132310,58610],{"class":942},[57,132312,939],{"class":938},[57,132314,1081],{"class":67},[57,132316,1449],{"class":938},[57,132318,58645],{"class":942},[57,132320,939],{"class":938},[57,132322,1081],{"class":67},[57,132324,1449],{"class":938},[57,132326,74203],{"class":942},[57,132328,939],{"class":938},[57,132330,1742],{"class":67},[57,132332,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345,132347],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132334,300],{"class":285},[57,132336,289],{"class":76},[57,132338,4252],{"class":938},[57,132340,498],{"class":67},[57,132342,131687],{"class":238},[57,132344,68],{"class":67},[57,132346,34304],{"class":238},[57,132348,242],{"class":67},[57,132350,132351],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,132352,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,132354,132355,132357,132359,132361],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,132356,64],{"class":63},[57,132358,68],{"class":67},[57,132360,339],{"class":238},[57,132362,242],{"class":67},[15,132364,131],{},[48,132366,132368],{"className":50,"code":132367,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python\n",[19,132369,132370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132371,132372],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132373,132367],{"class":285},[616,132375,132377,132378,132380],{"id":132376},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[19,132379,131610],{}," returns the result",[48,132382,132384],{"className":50,"code":132383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[19,132385,132386,132419,132442,132446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132387,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412,132415,132417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132389,2186],{"class":285},[57,132391,289],{"class":76},[57,132393,1729],{"class":67},[57,132395,939],{"class":938},[57,132397,4713],{"class":942},[57,132399,939],{"class":938},[57,132401,1081],{"class":67},[57,132403,1449],{"class":938},[57,132405,77444],{"class":942},[57,132407,939],{"class":938},[57,132409,1081],{"class":67},[57,132411,1449],{"class":938},[57,132413,132414],{"class":942},"three",[57,132416,939],{"class":938},[57,132418,1742],{"class":67},[57,132420,132421,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132422,132423],{"class":285},"joined_text ",[57,132425,289],{"class":76},[57,132427,1449],{"class":938},[57,132429,77],{"class":942},[57,132431,939],{"class":938},[57,132433,498],{"class":67},[57,132435,131687],{"class":238},[57,132437,68],{"class":67},[57,132439,2230],{"class":238},[57,132441,242],{"class":67},[57,132443,132444],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,132445,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,132447,132448,132450,132452,132455],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,132449,64],{"class":63},[57,132451,68],{"class":67},[57,132453,132454],{"class":238},"joined_text",[57,132456,242],{"class":67},[15,132458,131],{},[48,132460,132462],{"className":50,"code":132461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one-two-three\n",[19,132463,132464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132465,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132467,4713],{"class":285},[57,132469,77],{"class":76},[57,132471,77444],{"class":285},[57,132473,77],{"class":76},[57,132475,132476],{"class":285},"three\n",[43,132478,132480],{"id":132479},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[15,132482,132483],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[616,132485,132487,132490],{"id":132486},"join-adds-spaces",[19,132488,132489],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[48,132492,132494],{"className":50,"code":132493,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[19,132495,132496,132520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132497,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132499,2186],{"class":285},[57,132501,289],{"class":76},[57,132503,1729],{"class":67},[57,132505,939],{"class":938},[57,132507,1958],{"class":942},[57,132509,939],{"class":938},[57,132511,1081],{"class":67},[57,132513,1449],{"class":938},[57,132515,58763],{"class":942},[57,132517,939],{"class":938},[57,132519,1742],{"class":67},[57,132521,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132523,64],{"class":63},[57,132525,68],{"class":67},[57,132527,939],{"class":938},[57,132529,1449],{"class":938},[57,132531,498],{"class":67},[57,132533,131687],{"class":238},[57,132535,68],{"class":67},[57,132537,2230],{"class":238},[57,132539,84],{"class":67},[15,132541,131],{},[48,132543,132545],{"className":50,"code":132544,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n",[19,132546,132547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132548,132549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132550,132544],{"class":285},[616,132552,132554,132557],{"id":132553},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[19,132555,132556],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[48,132559,132561],{"className":50,"code":132560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[19,132562,132563,132595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132564,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132566,11221],{"class":285},[57,132568,289],{"class":76},[57,132570,1729],{"class":67},[57,132572,939],{"class":938},[57,132574,11238],{"class":942},[57,132576,939],{"class":938},[57,132578,1081],{"class":67},[57,132580,1449],{"class":938},[57,132582,11255],{"class":942},[57,132584,939],{"class":938},[57,132586,1081],{"class":67},[57,132588,1449],{"class":938},[57,132590,15605],{"class":942},[57,132592,939],{"class":938},[57,132594,1742],{"class":67},[57,132596,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132598,64],{"class":63},[57,132600,68],{"class":67},[57,132602,939],{"class":938},[57,132604,256],{"class":942},[57,132606,939],{"class":938},[57,132608,498],{"class":67},[57,132610,131687],{"class":238},[57,132612,68],{"class":67},[57,132614,15652],{"class":238},[57,132616,84],{"class":67},[15,132618,131],{},[48,132620,132622],{"className":50,"code":132621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, blue, green\n",[19,132623,132624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132625,132626,132628,132630,132633,132635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132627,11238],{"class":285},[57,132629,1081],{"class":67},[57,132631,132632],{"class":285}," blue",[57,132634,1081],{"class":67},[57,132636,34034],{"class":285},[15,132638,132639],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[616,132641,132643,132646],{"id":132642},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[19,132644,132645],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[48,132648,132650],{"className":50,"code":132649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[19,132651,132652,132684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132653,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678,132680,132682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132655,41002],{"class":285},[57,132657,289],{"class":76},[57,132659,1729],{"class":67},[57,132661,939],{"class":938},[57,132663,52],{"class":942},[57,132665,939],{"class":938},[57,132667,1081],{"class":67},[57,132669,1449],{"class":938},[57,132671,59346],{"class":942},[57,132673,939],{"class":938},[57,132675,1081],{"class":67},[57,132677,1449],{"class":938},[57,132679,131687],{"class":942},[57,132681,939],{"class":938},[57,132683,1742],{"class":67},[57,132685,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132687,64],{"class":63},[57,132689,68],{"class":67},[57,132691,939],{"class":938},[57,132693,77],{"class":942},[57,132695,939],{"class":938},[57,132697,498],{"class":67},[57,132699,131687],{"class":238},[57,132701,68],{"class":67},[57,132703,41034],{"class":238},[57,132705,84],{"class":67},[15,132707,131],{},[48,132709,132711],{"className":50,"code":132710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python-string-join\n",[19,132712,132713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132714,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132716,52],{"class":285},[57,132718,77],{"class":76},[57,132720,59346],{"class":285},[57,132722,77],{"class":76},[57,132724,132725],{"class":285},"join\n",[616,132727,132729,132732],{"id":132728},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[19,132730,132731],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[48,132734,132736],{"className":50,"code":132735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[19,132737,132738,132771],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132739,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132767,132769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132741,111107],{"class":285},[57,132743,289],{"class":76},[57,132745,1729],{"class":67},[57,132747,939],{"class":938},[57,132749,20397],{"class":942},[57,132751,939],{"class":938},[57,132753,1081],{"class":67},[57,132755,1449],{"class":938},[57,132757,28756],{"class":942},[57,132759,939],{"class":938},[57,132761,1081],{"class":67},[57,132763,1449],{"class":938},[57,132765,132766],{"class":942},"C",[57,132768,939],{"class":938},[57,132770,1742],{"class":67},[57,132772,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132788],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132774,64],{"class":63},[57,132776,68],{"class":67},[57,132778,4398],{"class":938},[57,132780,498],{"class":67},[57,132782,131687],{"class":238},[57,132784,68],{"class":67},[57,132786,132787],{"class":238},"chars",[57,132789,84],{"class":67},[15,132791,131],{},[48,132793,132795],{"className":50,"code":132794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ABC\n",[19,132796,132797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132798,132799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132800,132794],{"class":32611},[43,132802,132804],{"id":132803},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[15,132806,132807,132809],{},[19,132808,131610],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[616,132811,132813],{"id":132812},"this-works","This works",[48,132815,132817],{"className":50,"code":132816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[19,132818,132819,132851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132820,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132822,1935],{"class":285},[57,132824,289],{"class":76},[57,132826,1729],{"class":67},[57,132828,939],{"class":938},[57,132830,407],{"class":942},[57,132832,939],{"class":938},[57,132834,1081],{"class":67},[57,132836,1449],{"class":938},[57,132838,13902],{"class":942},[57,132840,939],{"class":938},[57,132842,1081],{"class":67},[57,132844,1449],{"class":938},[57,132846,35003],{"class":942},[57,132848,939],{"class":938},[57,132850,1742],{"class":67},[57,132852,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132854,64],{"class":63},[57,132856,68],{"class":67},[57,132858,939],{"class":938},[57,132860,256],{"class":942},[57,132862,939],{"class":938},[57,132864,498],{"class":67},[57,132866,131687],{"class":238},[57,132868,68],{"class":67},[57,132870,3482],{"class":238},[57,132872,84],{"class":67},[15,132874,131],{},[48,132876,132878],{"className":50,"code":132877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10, 20, 30\n",[19,132879,132880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132881,132882,132884,132886,132888,132890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132883,407],{"class":80},[57,132885,1081],{"class":67},[57,132887,5921],{"class":80},[57,132889,1081],{"class":67},[57,132891,132892],{"class":80}," 30\n",[616,132894,132896],{"id":132895},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[48,132898,132900],{"className":50,"code":132899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[19,132901,132902,132922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132903,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918,132920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132905,1935],{"class":285},[57,132907,289],{"class":76},[57,132909,1729],{"class":67},[57,132911,1078],{"class":80},[57,132913,1081],{"class":67},[57,132915,1084],{"class":80},[57,132917,1081],{"class":67},[57,132919,530],{"class":80},[57,132921,1742],{"class":67},[57,132923,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132925,64],{"class":63},[57,132927,68],{"class":67},[57,132929,939],{"class":938},[57,132931,256],{"class":942},[57,132933,939],{"class":938},[57,132935,498],{"class":67},[57,132937,131687],{"class":238},[57,132939,68],{"class":67},[57,132941,3482],{"class":238},[57,132943,84],{"class":67},[15,132945,88484,132946,132948],{},[19,132947,1097],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[15,132950,132951],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[48,132953,132955],{"className":50,"code":132954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,132956,132957,132977,133007,133011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132958,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132960,1935],{"class":285},[57,132962,289],{"class":76},[57,132964,1729],{"class":67},[57,132966,1078],{"class":80},[57,132968,1081],{"class":67},[57,132970,1084],{"class":80},[57,132972,1081],{"class":67},[57,132974,530],{"class":80},[57,132976,1742],{"class":67},[57,132978,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,132980,300],{"class":285},[57,132982,289],{"class":76},[57,132984,1449],{"class":938},[57,132986,256],{"class":942},[57,132988,939],{"class":938},[57,132990,498],{"class":67},[57,132992,131687],{"class":238},[57,132994,68],{"class":67},[57,132996,38023],{"class":63},[57,132998,68],{"class":67},[57,133000,1541],{"class":990},[57,133002,1081],{"class":67},[57,133004,2000],{"class":238},[57,133006,84],{"class":67},[57,133008,133009],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,133010,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,133012,133013,133015,133017,133019],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,133014,64],{"class":63},[57,133016,68],{"class":67},[57,133018,339],{"class":238},[57,133020,242],{"class":67},[15,133022,131],{},[48,133024,133026],{"className":50,"code":133025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1, 2, 3\n",[19,133027,133028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133029,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133031,1078],{"class":80},[57,133033,1081],{"class":67},[57,133035,1084],{"class":80},[57,133037,1081],{"class":67},[57,133039,659],{"class":80},[15,133041,133042,133043,498],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[373,133044,1680,133045,1611],{"href":40340},[19,133046,45851],{},[616,133048,133050,133052],{"id":133049},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[19,133051,1890],{}," values do not work directly",[48,133054,133056],{"className":50,"code":133055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[19,133057,133058,133086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133059,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133061,1935],{"class":285},[57,133063,289],{"class":76},[57,133065,1729],{"class":67},[57,133067,939],{"class":938},[57,133069,2195],{"class":942},[57,133071,939],{"class":938},[57,133073,1081],{"class":67},[57,133075,1966],{"class":1965},[57,133077,1081],{"class":67},[57,133079,1449],{"class":938},[57,133081,2204],{"class":942},[57,133083,939],{"class":938},[57,133085,1742],{"class":67},[57,133087,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133089,64],{"class":63},[57,133091,68],{"class":67},[57,133093,939],{"class":938},[57,133095,256],{"class":942},[57,133097,939],{"class":938},[57,133099,498],{"class":67},[57,133101,131687],{"class":238},[57,133103,68],{"class":67},[57,133105,3482],{"class":238},[57,133107,84],{"class":67},[15,133109,133110,133111,498],{},"This also causes a ",[19,133112,1097],{},[15,133114,133115],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[48,133117,133119],{"className":50,"code":133118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,133120,133121,133149,133179,133183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133122,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141,133143,133145,133147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133124,1935],{"class":285},[57,133126,289],{"class":76},[57,133128,1729],{"class":67},[57,133130,939],{"class":938},[57,133132,2195],{"class":942},[57,133134,939],{"class":938},[57,133136,1081],{"class":67},[57,133138,1966],{"class":1965},[57,133140,1081],{"class":67},[57,133142,1449],{"class":938},[57,133144,2204],{"class":942},[57,133146,939],{"class":938},[57,133148,1742],{"class":67},[57,133150,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133152,300],{"class":285},[57,133154,289],{"class":76},[57,133156,1449],{"class":938},[57,133158,256],{"class":942},[57,133160,939],{"class":938},[57,133162,498],{"class":67},[57,133164,131687],{"class":238},[57,133166,68],{"class":67},[57,133168,38023],{"class":63},[57,133170,68],{"class":67},[57,133172,1541],{"class":990},[57,133174,1081],{"class":67},[57,133176,2000],{"class":238},[57,133178,84],{"class":67},[57,133180,133181],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,133182,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,133184,133185,133187,133189,133191],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,133186,64],{"class":63},[57,133188,68],{"class":67},[57,133190,339],{"class":238},[57,133192,242],{"class":67},[15,133194,131],{},[48,133196,133198],{"className":50,"code":133197,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple, None, banana\n",[19,133199,133200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133201,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133203,2195],{"class":285},[57,133205,1081],{"class":67},[57,133207,1966],{"class":1965},[57,133209,1081],{"class":67},[57,133211,133212],{"class":285}," banana\n",[15,133214,133215,133216,133218],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[19,133217,1890],{}," values instead of converting them.",[616,133220,133222,133224],{"id":133221},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[19,133223,131610],{}," also works with tuples",[48,133226,133228],{"className":50,"code":133227,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[19,133229,133230,133262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133231,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133233,3116],{"class":285},[57,133235,289],{"class":76},[57,133237,7373],{"class":67},[57,133239,939],{"class":938},[57,133241,5807],{"class":942},[57,133243,939],{"class":938},[57,133245,1081],{"class":67},[57,133247,1449],{"class":938},[57,133249,129616],{"class":942},[57,133251,939],{"class":938},[57,133253,1081],{"class":67},[57,133255,1449],{"class":938},[57,133257,6053],{"class":942},[57,133259,939],{"class":938},[57,133261,242],{"class":67},[57,133263,133264,133266,133268,133270,133273,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133265,64],{"class":63},[57,133267,68],{"class":67},[57,133269,939],{"class":938},[57,133271,133272],{"class":942}," \u002F ",[57,133274,939],{"class":938},[57,133276,498],{"class":67},[57,133278,131687],{"class":238},[57,133280,68],{"class":67},[57,133282,3160],{"class":238},[57,133284,84],{"class":67},[15,133286,131],{},[48,133288,133290],{"className":50,"code":133289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[19,133291,133292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133293,133294,133297,133299,133302,133304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133295,133296],{"class":285},"Sam ",[57,133298,125420],{"class":76},[57,133300,133301],{"class":285}," Lee ",[57,133303,125420],{"class":76},[57,133305,20486],{"class":285},[43,133307,133309,133310],{"id":133308},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[19,133311,131610],{},[15,133313,133314],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[616,133316,133318,133319,133321],{"id":133317},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[19,133320,1097],{}," because not all items are strings",[48,133323,133325],{"className":50,"code":133324,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[19,133326,133327,133355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133328,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341,133343,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133330,5910],{"class":285},[57,133332,289],{"class":76},[57,133334,1729],{"class":67},[57,133336,939],{"class":938},[57,133338,373],{"class":942},[57,133340,939],{"class":938},[57,133342,1081],{"class":67},[57,133344,1084],{"class":80},[57,133346,1081],{"class":67},[57,133348,1449],{"class":938},[57,133350,7877],{"class":942},[57,133352,939],{"class":938},[57,133354,1742],{"class":67},[57,133356,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133358,64],{"class":63},[57,133360,68],{"class":67},[57,133362,939],{"class":938},[57,133364,1449],{"class":938},[57,133366,498],{"class":67},[57,133368,131687],{"class":238},[57,133370,68],{"class":67},[57,133372,5941],{"class":238},[57,133374,84],{"class":67},[15,133376,46678,133377,133379],{},[19,133378,116],{}," is an integer.",[15,133381,37425],{},[48,133383,133385],{"className":50,"code":133384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[19,133386,133387,133415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133388,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133390,5910],{"class":285},[57,133392,289],{"class":76},[57,133394,1729],{"class":67},[57,133396,939],{"class":938},[57,133398,373],{"class":942},[57,133400,939],{"class":938},[57,133402,1081],{"class":67},[57,133404,1084],{"class":80},[57,133406,1081],{"class":67},[57,133408,1449],{"class":938},[57,133410,7877],{"class":942},[57,133412,939],{"class":938},[57,133414,1742],{"class":67},[57,133416,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133418,64],{"class":63},[57,133420,68],{"class":67},[57,133422,939],{"class":938},[57,133424,1449],{"class":938},[57,133426,498],{"class":67},[57,133428,131687],{"class":238},[57,133430,68],{"class":67},[57,133432,38023],{"class":63},[57,133434,68],{"class":67},[57,133436,1541],{"class":990},[57,133438,1081],{"class":67},[57,133440,4091],{"class":238},[57,133442,1001],{"class":67},[15,133444,133445,133446,498],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[373,133447,23833,133449],{"href":133448},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[19,133450,133451],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[616,133453,133455,133456,133458],{"id":133454},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[19,133457,131610],{}," on a list instead of a string",[15,133460,2644],{},[48,133462,133464],{"className":50,"code":133463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[19,133465,133466,133498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133467,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133469,2186],{"class":285},[57,133471,289],{"class":76},[57,133473,1729],{"class":67},[57,133475,939],{"class":938},[57,133477,5426],{"class":942},[57,133479,939],{"class":938},[57,133481,1081],{"class":67},[57,133483,1449],{"class":938},[57,133485,10337],{"class":942},[57,133487,939],{"class":938},[57,133489,1081],{"class":67},[57,133491,1449],{"class":938},[57,133493,131668],{"class":942},[57,133495,939],{"class":938},[57,133497,1742],{"class":67},[57,133499,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133501,300],{"class":285},[57,133503,289],{"class":76},[57,133505,4294],{"class":285},[57,133507,498],{"class":67},[57,133509,131687],{"class":238},[57,133511,68],{"class":67},[57,133513,939],{"class":938},[57,133515,1449],{"class":938},[57,133517,242],{"class":67},[15,133519,133520,133522],{},[19,133521,131610],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[15,133524,8947],{},[48,133526,133528],{"className":50,"code":133527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,133529,133530,133562,133582,133586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133531,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133533,2186],{"class":285},[57,133535,289],{"class":76},[57,133537,1729],{"class":67},[57,133539,939],{"class":938},[57,133541,5426],{"class":942},[57,133543,939],{"class":938},[57,133545,1081],{"class":67},[57,133547,1449],{"class":938},[57,133549,10337],{"class":942},[57,133551,939],{"class":938},[57,133553,1081],{"class":67},[57,133555,1449],{"class":938},[57,133557,131668],{"class":942},[57,133559,939],{"class":938},[57,133561,1742],{"class":67},[57,133563,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133565,300],{"class":285},[57,133567,289],{"class":76},[57,133569,1449],{"class":938},[57,133571,1449],{"class":938},[57,133573,498],{"class":67},[57,133575,131687],{"class":238},[57,133577,68],{"class":67},[57,133579,2230],{"class":238},[57,133581,242],{"class":67},[57,133583,133584],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,133585,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,133587,133588,133590,133592,133594],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,133589,64],{"class":63},[57,133591,68],{"class":67},[57,133593,339],{"class":238},[57,133595,242],{"class":67},[616,133597,133599],{"id":133598},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[48,133601,133603],{"className":50,"code":133602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[19,133604,133605,133637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133606,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133608,2186],{"class":285},[57,133610,289],{"class":76},[57,133612,1729],{"class":67},[57,133614,939],{"class":938},[57,133616,4713],{"class":942},[57,133618,939],{"class":938},[57,133620,1081],{"class":67},[57,133622,1449],{"class":938},[57,133624,77444],{"class":942},[57,133626,939],{"class":938},[57,133628,1081],{"class":67},[57,133630,1449],{"class":938},[57,133632,132414],{"class":942},[57,133634,939],{"class":938},[57,133636,1742],{"class":67},[57,133638,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133640,64],{"class":63},[57,133642,68],{"class":67},[57,133644,4398],{"class":938},[57,133646,498],{"class":67},[57,133648,131687],{"class":238},[57,133650,68],{"class":67},[57,133652,2230],{"class":238},[57,133654,84],{"class":67},[15,133656,131],{},[48,133658,133660],{"className":50,"code":133659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"onetwothree\n",[19,133661,133662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133663,133664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133665,133659],{"class":285},[15,133667,133668,133669,4759],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[19,133670,131755],{},[616,133672,133674,133675,129878],{"id":133673},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[19,133676,131610],{},[48,133678,133680],{"className":50,"code":133679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[19,133681,133682,133714,133732,133736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133683,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710,133712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133685,2186],{"class":285},[57,133687,289],{"class":76},[57,133689,1729],{"class":67},[57,133691,939],{"class":938},[57,133693,373],{"class":942},[57,133695,939],{"class":938},[57,133697,1081],{"class":67},[57,133699,1449],{"class":938},[57,133701,2881],{"class":942},[57,133703,939],{"class":938},[57,133705,1081],{"class":67},[57,133707,1449],{"class":938},[57,133709,7877],{"class":942},[57,133711,939],{"class":938},[57,133713,1742],{"class":67},[57,133715,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133717,939],{"class":41494},[57,133719,77],{"class":41498},[57,133721,939],{"class":41494},[57,133723,498],{"class":67},[57,133725,131687],{"class":238},[57,133727,68],{"class":67},[57,133729,2230],{"class":238},[57,133731,242],{"class":67},[57,133733,133734],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,133735,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,133737,133738,133740,133742,133744],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,133739,64],{"class":63},[57,133741,68],{"class":67},[57,133743,2230],{"class":238},[57,133745,242],{"class":67},[15,133747,131],{},[48,133749,133750],{"className":50,"code":41041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,133751,133752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133753,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133755,2015],{"class":67},[57,133757,1395],{"class":938},[57,133759,373],{"class":942},[57,133761,1395],{"class":938},[57,133763,1081],{"class":67},[57,133765,1390],{"class":938},[57,133767,2881],{"class":942},[57,133769,1395],{"class":938},[57,133771,1081],{"class":67},[57,133773,1390],{"class":938},[57,133775,7877],{"class":942},[57,133777,1395],{"class":938},[57,133779,1742],{"class":67},[15,133781,133782,133783,133785],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[19,133784,131610],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[43,133787,133789,133791,133792],{"id":133788},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[19,133790,131610],{}," vs concatenation with ",[19,133793,119],{},[15,133795,8729,133796,2511,133798,133800],{},[19,133797,131610],{},[19,133799,119],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[616,133802,154,133804,133806],{"id":133803},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[19,133805,119],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[48,133808,133810],{"className":50,"code":133809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,133811,133812,133825,133838,133858,133862],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133813,133814,133817,133819,133821,133823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133815,133816],{"class":285},"first ",[57,133818,289],{"class":76},[57,133820,1449],{"class":938},[57,133822,33026],{"class":942},[57,133824,1455],{"class":938},[57,133826,133827,133830,133832,133834,133836],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133828,133829],{"class":285},"second ",[57,133831,289],{"class":76},[57,133833,1449],{"class":938},[57,133835,87913],{"class":942},[57,133837,1455],{"class":938},[57,133839,133840,133842,133844,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,133841,300],{"class":285},[57,133843,289],{"class":76},[57,133845,133846],{"class":285}," first ",[57,133848,119],{"class":76},[57,133850,1449],{"class":938},[57,133852,1449],{"class":938},[57,133854,533],{"class":76},[57,133856,133857],{"class":285}," second\n",[57,133859,133860],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,133861,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,133863,133864,133866,133868,133870],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,133865,64],{"class":63},[57,133867,68],{"class":67},[57,133869,339],{"class":238},[57,133871,242],{"class":67},[15,133873,131],{},[48,133875,133877],{"className":50,"code":133876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello World\n",[19,133878,133879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133880,133881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133882,133876],{"class":285},[616,133884,154,133886,133888],{"id":133885},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[19,133887,131610],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[48,133890,133892],{"className":50,"code":133891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,133893,133894,133936,133956,133960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133895,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133915,133917,133919,133921,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133897,2186],{"class":285},[57,133899,289],{"class":76},[57,133901,1729],{"class":67},[57,133903,939],{"class":938},[57,133905,5426],{"class":942},[57,133907,939],{"class":938},[57,133909,1081],{"class":67},[57,133911,1449],{"class":938},[57,133913,133914],{"class":942},"makes",[57,133916,939],{"class":938},[57,133918,1081],{"class":67},[57,133920,1449],{"class":938},[57,133922,133923],{"class":942},"this",[57,133925,939],{"class":938},[57,133927,1081],{"class":67},[57,133929,1449],{"class":938},[57,133931,132109],{"class":942},[57,133933,939],{"class":938},[57,133935,1742],{"class":67},[57,133937,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,133939,300],{"class":285},[57,133941,289],{"class":76},[57,133943,1449],{"class":938},[57,133945,1449],{"class":938},[57,133947,498],{"class":67},[57,133949,131687],{"class":238},[57,133951,68],{"class":67},[57,133953,2230],{"class":238},[57,133955,242],{"class":67},[57,133957,133958],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,133959,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,133961,133962,133964,133966,133968],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,133963,64],{"class":63},[57,133965,68],{"class":67},[57,133967,339],{"class":238},[57,133969,242],{"class":67},[15,133971,131],{},[48,133973,133975],{"className":50,"code":133974,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python makes this easy\n",[19,133976,133977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133978,133979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133980,133974],{"class":285},[15,133982,133983,133985],{},[19,133984,131610],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[27,133987,133988,133991,133994],{},[30,133989,133990],{},"You already have a list of strings",[30,133992,133993],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[30,133995,133996,133997,133999],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[19,133998,119],{}," operators",[15,134001,134002,134003,498],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[373,134004,134006],{"href":134005},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[43,134008,134010],{"id":134009},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[15,134012,7011,134013,134015],{},[19,134014,131610],{}," is not working, check these first:",[27,134017,134018,134021,134026,134035,134041],{},[30,134019,134020],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[30,134022,134023,134024],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[19,134025,1890],{},[30,134027,134028,134029,9232,134032],{},"You may have written ",[19,134030,134031],{},"list.join(...)",[19,134033,134034],{},"string.join(...)",[30,134036,134037,134038,134040],{},"You may be expecting ",[19,134039,131610],{}," to change the original iterable",[30,134042,134043],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[15,134045,92553],{},[48,134047,134049],{"className":50,"code":134048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[19,134050,134051,134065,134075,134099,134139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134052,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134054,64],{"class":63},[57,134056,68],{"class":67},[57,134058,1315],{"class":990},[57,134060,68],{"class":67},[57,134062,5941],{"class":238},[57,134064,84],{"class":67},[57,134066,134067,134069,134071,134073],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134068,64],{"class":63},[57,134070,68],{"class":67},[57,134072,5941],{"class":238},[57,134074,242],{"class":67},[57,134076,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134078,64],{"class":63},[57,134080,1075],{"class":67},[57,134082,1315],{"class":990},[57,134084,68],{"class":67},[57,134086,21463],{"class":238},[57,134088,1769],{"class":67},[57,134090,1991],{"class":1990},[57,134092,4086],{"class":238},[57,134094,1997],{"class":1990},[57,134096,4091],{"class":238},[57,134098,2003],{"class":67},[57,134100,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,134102,64],{"class":63},[57,134104,68],{"class":67},[57,134106,1395],{"class":938},[57,134108,1390],{"class":938},[57,134110,498],{"class":67},[57,134112,131687],{"class":238},[57,134114,1075],{"class":67},[57,134116,1395],{"class":938},[57,134118,373],{"class":942},[57,134120,1395],{"class":938},[57,134122,1081],{"class":67},[57,134124,1390],{"class":938},[57,134126,2881],{"class":942},[57,134128,1395],{"class":938},[57,134130,1081],{"class":67},[57,134132,1390],{"class":938},[57,134134,7877],{"class":942},[57,134136,1395],{"class":938},[57,134138,1091],{"class":67},[57,134140,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,134142,64],{"class":63},[57,134144,68],{"class":67},[57,134146,1395],{"class":938},[57,134148,256],{"class":942},[57,134150,1395],{"class":938},[57,134152,498],{"class":67},[57,134154,131687],{"class":238},[57,134156,68],{"class":67},[57,134158,38023],{"class":63},[57,134160,68],{"class":67},[57,134162,1541],{"class":990},[57,134164,1081],{"class":67},[57,134166,1729],{"class":67},[57,134168,1078],{"class":80},[57,134170,1081],{"class":67},[57,134172,1084],{"class":80},[57,134174,1081],{"class":67},[57,134176,530],{"class":80},[57,134178,35427],{"class":67},[15,134180,134181],{},"What these checks do:",[27,134183,134184,134192,134198,134204,134213],{},[30,134185,134186,134189,134190,6229],{},[19,134187,134188],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[19,134191,5941],{},[30,134193,134194,134197],{},[19,134195,134196],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[30,134199,134200,134203],{},[19,134201,134202],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[30,134205,134206,134209,134210,134212],{},[19,134207,134208],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[19,134211,131610],{}," behavior",[30,134214,134215,134218],{},[19,134216,134217],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[43,134220,1554],{"id":1553},[616,134222,10848,134224,134226],{"id":134223},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[19,134225,131610],{}," work with numbers?",[15,134228,134229,134230,134232,134233,498],{},"Not directly. ",[19,134231,131610],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[19,134234,134235],{},"map(str, values)",[616,134237,10848,134239,55334],{"id":134238},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[19,134240,131610],{},[15,134242,134243],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[616,134245,26483,134247,60807],{"id":134246},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[19,134248,131610],{},[15,134250,40317,134251,134253],{},[19,134252,131610],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[616,134255,3264,134257,38124],{"id":134256},"what-does-joinwords-do",[19,134258,134259],{},"''.join(words)",[15,134261,134262],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[616,134264,134266,134267,134269,134270,572],{"id":134265},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[19,134268,1097],{}," when using ",[19,134271,131610],{},[15,134273,134274],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[43,134276,1602],{"id":1601},[27,134278,134279,134284,134290,134296,134302],{},[30,134280,134281],{},[373,134282,134283],{"href":134005},"How to join strings in Python",[30,134285,134286],{},[373,134287,124528,134288,8880],{"href":127215},[19,134289,58703],{},[30,134291,134292],{},[373,134293,1680,134294,1611],{"href":40340},[19,134295,45851],{},[30,134297,134298],{},[373,134299,28503,134300],{"href":133448},[19,134301,133451],{},[30,134303,134304],{},[373,134305,123283],{"href":49144},[15,134307,95523,134308,134310],{},[19,134309,131610],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1634,134312,134313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":134315},[134316,134317,134319,134322,134329,134339,134347,134357,134364,134365,134377],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":131727,"depth":87,"text":134318},"What join() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":134320},[134321],{"id":47177,"depth":103,"text":47178},{"id":120058,"depth":87,"text":120059,"children":134323},[134324,134325,134326,134327],{"id":132074,"depth":103,"text":132075},{"id":132166,"depth":103,"text":132167},{"id":132267,"depth":103,"text":132268},{"id":132376,"depth":103,"text":134328},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":132479,"depth":87,"text":132480,"children":134330},[134331,134333,134335,134337],{"id":132486,"depth":103,"text":134332},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":132553,"depth":103,"text":134334},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":132642,"depth":103,"text":134336},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":132728,"depth":103,"text":134338},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":132803,"depth":87,"text":132804,"children":134340},[134341,134342,134343,134345],{"id":132812,"depth":103,"text":132813},{"id":132895,"depth":103,"text":132896},{"id":133049,"depth":103,"text":134344},"None values do not work directly",{"id":133221,"depth":103,"text":134346},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":133308,"depth":87,"text":134348,"children":134349},"Common errors with join()",[134350,134352,134354,134355],{"id":133317,"depth":103,"text":134351},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":133454,"depth":103,"text":134353},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":133598,"depth":103,"text":133599},{"id":133673,"depth":103,"text":134356},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":133788,"depth":87,"text":134358,"children":134359},"join() vs concatenation with +",[134360,134362],{"id":133803,"depth":103,"text":134361},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":133885,"depth":103,"text":134363},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":134009,"depth":87,"text":134010},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":134366},[134367,134369,134371,134373,134375],{"id":134223,"depth":103,"text":134368},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":134238,"depth":103,"text":134370},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":134246,"depth":103,"text":134372},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":134256,"depth":103,"text":134374},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":134265,"depth":103,"text":134376},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":131602,"description":134378},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":134385,"title":134386,"body":134387,"description":135955,"extension":1666,"meta":135956,"navigation":317,"path":135957,"seo":135958,"stem":135959,"__hash__":135960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":8,"value":134388,"toc":135922},[134389,134394,134399,134401,134415,134460,134467,134472,134477,134479,134495,134504,134506,134508,134523,134525,134535,134537,134599,134601,134604,134665,134667,134683,134685,134698,134701,134748,134750,134756,134759,134762,134822,134830,134916,134920,134925,134927,134941,134944,135029,135032,135090,135101,135156,135158,135165,135171,135177,135221,135224,135271,135273,135275,135282,135284,135315,135318,135320,135351,135355,135358,135360,135400,135402,135445,135451,135456,135458,135485,135490,135493,135542,135546,135549,135624,135635,135638,135695,135702,135708,135716,135721,135728,135735,135753,135755,135809,135817,135819,135824,135827,135833,135839,135844,135847,135853,135859,135866,135874,135876,135919],[11,134390,121528,134392,9463],{"id":134391},"python-string-lower-method",[19,134393,122258],{},[15,134395,121533,134396,134398],{},[19,134397,122258],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[15,134400,22240],{},[27,134402,134403,134406,134409,134412],{},[30,134404,134405],{},"convert text to lowercase",[30,134407,134408],{},"compare text without case differences",[30,134410,134411],{},"clean up user input",[30,134413,134414],{},"make simple text matching easier",[48,134416,134418],{"className":50,"code":134417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[19,134419,134420,134433,134447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134421,134422,134424,134426,134428,134431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134423,32846],{"class":285},[57,134425,289],{"class":76},[57,134427,1449],{"class":938},[57,134429,134430],{"class":942},"Hello WORLD",[57,134432,1455],{"class":938},[57,134434,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134436,300],{"class":285},[57,134438,289],{"class":76},[57,134440,41007],{"class":285},[57,134442,498],{"class":67},[57,134444,6775],{"class":238},[57,134446,6778],{"class":67},[57,134448,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134450,64],{"class":63},[57,134452,68],{"class":67},[57,134454,339],{"class":238},[57,134456,1769],{"class":67},[57,134458,134459],{"class":1772},"  # hello world\n",[15,134461,134462,87136,134464,134466],{},[1854,134463,81994],{},[19,134465,122258],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[43,134468,1787,134470,1790],{"id":134469},"what-lower-does",[19,134471,122258],{},[15,134473,134474,134476],{},[19,134475,122258],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[15,134478,11197],{},[27,134480,134481,134486,134489,134492],{},[30,134482,134483,134485],{},[19,134484,122258],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[30,134487,134488],{},"It works on string objects",[30,134490,134491],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[30,134493,134494],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[15,134496,123280,134497,134501,134502,498],{},[373,134498,134500],{"href":134499},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[373,134503,49145],{"href":49144},[43,134505,221],{"id":220},[15,134507,224],{},[48,134509,134511],{"className":50,"code":134510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.lower()\n",[19,134512,134513],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134514,134515,134517,134519,134521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134516,59346],{"class":285},[57,134518,498],{"class":67},[57,134520,6775],{"class":238},[57,134522,6778],{"class":67},[15,134524,41816],{},[27,134526,134527,134529,134532],{},[30,134528,95701],{},[30,134530,134531],{},"You call it directly on a string",[30,134533,134534],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[15,134536,275],{},[48,134538,134540],{"className":50,"code":134539,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[19,134541,134542,134565,134569,134582],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134543,134544,134546,134548,134550,134553,134555,134557,134559,134562],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134545,64],{"class":63},[57,134547,68],{"class":67},[57,134549,939],{"class":938},[57,134551,134552],{"class":942},"HELLO",[57,134554,939],{"class":938},[57,134556,498],{"class":67},[57,134558,6775],{"class":238},[57,134560,134561],{"class":67},"())",[57,134563,134564],{"class":1772},"  # hello\n",[57,134566,134567],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134568,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,134570,134571,134573,134575,134577,134580],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134572,6008],{"class":285},[57,134574,289],{"class":76},[57,134576,1449],{"class":938},[57,134578,134579],{"class":942},"PyThOn",[57,134581,1455],{"class":938},[57,134583,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,134585,64],{"class":63},[57,134587,68],{"class":67},[57,134589,5798],{"class":238},[57,134591,498],{"class":67},[57,134593,6775],{"class":238},[57,134595,134561],{"class":67},[57,134597,134598],{"class":1772},"  # python\n",[43,134600,9617],{"id":9616},[15,134602,134603],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[48,134605,134607],{"className":50,"code":134606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[19,134608,134609,134621,134625,134640,134644,134655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134610,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134612,32846],{"class":285},[57,134614,289],{"class":76},[57,134616,1449],{"class":938},[57,134618,134430],{"class":942},[57,134620,1455],{"class":938},[57,134622,134623],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134624,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,134626,134627,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134628,134629],{"class":285},"lower_text ",[57,134631,289],{"class":76},[57,134633,41007],{"class":285},[57,134635,498],{"class":67},[57,134637,6775],{"class":238},[57,134639,6778],{"class":67},[57,134641,134642],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,134643,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,134645,134646,134648,134650,134653],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,134647,64],{"class":63},[57,134649,68],{"class":67},[57,134651,134652],{"class":238},"lower_text",[57,134654,242],{"class":67},[57,134656,134657,134659,134661,134663],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,134658,64],{"class":63},[57,134660,68],{"class":67},[57,134662,32867],{"class":238},[57,134664,242],{"class":67},[15,134666,131],{},[48,134668,134670],{"className":50,"code":134669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[19,134671,134672,134676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134673,134674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134675,132544],{"class":285},[57,134677,134678,134680],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134679,129944],{"class":285},[57,134681,134682],{"class":32611},"WORLD\n",[15,134684,22760],{},[27,134686,134687,134692],{},[30,134688,134689,134691],{},[19,134690,122258],{}," returns the lowercase result",[30,134693,134694,134695,134697],{},"the original ",[19,134696,32867],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[15,134699,134700],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[48,134702,134704],{"className":50,"code":134703,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[19,134705,134706,134718,134732,134736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134707,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134709,32846],{"class":285},[57,134711,289],{"class":76},[57,134713,1449],{"class":938},[57,134715,134430],{"class":942},[57,134717,1455],{"class":938},[57,134719,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134721,32846],{"class":285},[57,134723,289],{"class":76},[57,134725,41007],{"class":285},[57,134727,498],{"class":67},[57,134729,6775],{"class":238},[57,134731,6778],{"class":67},[57,134733,134734],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134735,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,134737,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,134739,64],{"class":63},[57,134741,68],{"class":67},[57,134743,32867],{"class":238},[57,134745,1769],{"class":67},[57,134747,134459],{"class":1772},[43,134749,15568],{"id":15567},[15,134751,134752,20127,134754,498],{},[19,134753,122258],{},[1854,134755,59346],{},[15,134757,134758],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[15,134760,134761],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[48,134763,134765],{"className":50,"code":134764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[19,134766,134767,134781,134785,134808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134768,134769,134772,134774,134776,134779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134770,134771],{"class":285},"answer ",[57,134773,289],{"class":76},[57,134775,1449],{"class":938},[57,134777,134778],{"class":942},"YES",[57,134780,1455],{"class":938},[57,134782,134783],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134784,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,134786,134787,134789,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134788,5126],{"class":1990},[57,134790,134791],{"class":285}," answer",[57,134793,498],{"class":67},[57,134795,6775],{"class":238},[57,134797,5495],{"class":67},[57,134799,4535],{"class":76},[57,134801,1449],{"class":938},[57,134803,6793],{"class":942},[57,134805,939],{"class":938},[57,134807,4520],{"class":67},[57,134809,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,134811,6201],{"class":63},[57,134813,68],{"class":67},[57,134815,939],{"class":938},[57,134817,95010],{"class":942},[57,134819,939],{"class":938},[57,134821,242],{"class":67},[15,134823,134824,134825,972],{},"This is especially useful with ",[373,134826,134827,134828,379],{"href":6352},"the ",[19,134829,1047],{},[48,134831,134833],{"className":50,"code":134832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[19,134834,134835,134854,134858,134880,134895,134901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134836,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134850,134852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134838,134771],{"class":285},[57,134840,289],{"class":76},[57,134842,6375],{"class":63},[57,134844,68],{"class":67},[57,134846,939],{"class":938},[57,134848,134849],{"class":942},"Type yes or no: ",[57,134851,939],{"class":938},[57,134853,242],{"class":67},[57,134855,134856],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134857,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,134859,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134861,5126],{"class":1990},[57,134863,134791],{"class":285},[57,134865,498],{"class":67},[57,134867,6775],{"class":238},[57,134869,5495],{"class":67},[57,134871,4535],{"class":76},[57,134873,1449],{"class":938},[57,134875,6793],{"class":942},[57,134877,939],{"class":938},[57,134879,4520],{"class":67},[57,134881,134882,134884,134886,134888,134891,134893],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,134883,6201],{"class":63},[57,134885,68],{"class":67},[57,134887,939],{"class":938},[57,134889,134890],{"class":942},"You typed yes",[57,134892,939],{"class":938},[57,134894,242],{"class":67},[57,134896,134897,134899],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,134898,25588],{"class":1990},[57,134900,4520],{"class":67},[57,134902,134903,134905,134907,134909,134912,134914],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,134904,6201],{"class":63},[57,134906,68],{"class":67},[57,134908,939],{"class":938},[57,134910,134911],{"class":942},"You typed something else",[57,134913,939],{"class":938},[57,134915,242],{"class":67},[43,134917,134919],{"id":134918},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[15,134921,134922,134924],{},[19,134923,122258],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[15,134926,5472],{},[27,134928,134929,134932,134935,134938],{},[30,134930,134931],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[30,134933,134934],{},"Make text matching easier",[30,134936,134937],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[30,134939,134940],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[15,134942,134943],{},"Example: checking user input",[48,134945,134947],{"className":50,"code":134946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[19,134948,134949,134967,134971,134993,135008,135014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134950,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134952,43125],{"class":285},[57,134954,289],{"class":76},[57,134956,6375],{"class":63},[57,134958,68],{"class":67},[57,134960,939],{"class":938},[57,134962,43136],{"class":942},[57,134964,939],{"class":938},[57,134966,242],{"class":67},[57,134968,134969],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,134970,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,134972,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,134974,5126],{"class":1990},[57,134976,34011],{"class":285},[57,134978,498],{"class":67},[57,134980,6775],{"class":238},[57,134982,5495],{"class":67},[57,134984,4535],{"class":76},[57,134986,1449],{"class":938},[57,134988,11255],{"class":942},[57,134990,939],{"class":938},[57,134992,4520],{"class":67},[57,134994,134995,134997,134999,135001,135004,135006],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,134996,6201],{"class":63},[57,134998,68],{"class":67},[57,135000,939],{"class":938},[57,135002,135003],{"class":942},"Nice choice!",[57,135005,939],{"class":938},[57,135007,242],{"class":67},[57,135009,135010,135012],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,135011,25588],{"class":1990},[57,135013,4520],{"class":67},[57,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135025,135027],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,135017,6201],{"class":63},[57,135019,68],{"class":67},[57,135021,939],{"class":938},[57,135023,135024],{"class":942},"Got it.",[57,135026,939],{"class":938},[57,135028,242],{"class":67},[15,135030,135031],{},"Example: simple search",[48,135033,135035],{"className":50,"code":135034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[19,135036,135037,135050,135054,135075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135038,135039,135041,135043,135045,135048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135040,88180],{"class":285},[57,135042,289],{"class":76},[57,135044,1449],{"class":938},[57,135046,135047],{"class":942},"Python Is Fun",[57,135049,1455],{"class":938},[57,135051,135052],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135053,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135055,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135069,135071,135073],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135057,5126],{"class":1990},[57,135059,1449],{"class":938},[57,135061,52],{"class":942},[57,135063,939],{"class":938},[57,135065,19325],{"class":76},[57,135067,135068],{"class":285}," message",[57,135070,498],{"class":67},[57,135072,6775],{"class":238},[57,135074,19747],{"class":67},[57,135076,135077,135079,135081,135083,135086,135088],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135078,6201],{"class":63},[57,135080,68],{"class":67},[57,135082,939],{"class":938},[57,135084,135085],{"class":942},"Found it",[57,135087,939],{"class":938},[57,135089,242],{"class":67},[15,135091,135092,135093,135095,135096,972],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[19,135094,122258],{}," is often used with ",[373,135097,135099],{"href":135098},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[19,135100,39818],{},[48,135102,135104],{"className":50,"code":135103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[19,135105,135106,135119,135138,135142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135107,135108,135110,135112,135114,135117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135109,6008],{"class":285},[57,135111,289],{"class":76},[57,135113,1449],{"class":938},[57,135115,135116],{"class":942},"  ALICE  ",[57,135118,1455],{"class":938},[57,135120,135121,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135122,135123],{"class":285},"clean_name ",[57,135125,289],{"class":76},[57,135127,34152],{"class":285},[57,135129,498],{"class":67},[57,135131,6769],{"class":238},[57,135133,6772],{"class":67},[57,135135,6775],{"class":238},[57,135137,6778],{"class":67},[57,135139,135140],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135141,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135143,135144,135146,135148,135151,135153],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135145,64],{"class":63},[57,135147,68],{"class":67},[57,135149,135150],{"class":238},"clean_name",[57,135152,1769],{"class":67},[57,135154,135155],{"class":1772},"  # alice\n",[43,135157,13744],{"id":13743},[15,135159,135160,135161,135164],{},"Strings are ",[1854,135162,135163],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[15,135166,135167,135168,135170],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[19,135169,122258],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[15,135172,135173,135174,135176],{},"So this does ",[1854,135175,2750],{}," update the original variable:",[48,135178,135180],{"className":50,"code":135179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[19,135181,135182,135194,135204,135208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135183,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135185,32846],{"class":285},[57,135187,289],{"class":76},[57,135189,1449],{"class":938},[57,135191,134552],{"class":942},[57,135193,1455],{"class":938},[57,135195,135196,135198,135200,135202],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135197,32867],{"class":285},[57,135199,498],{"class":67},[57,135201,6775],{"class":238},[57,135203,6778],{"class":67},[57,135205,135206],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135207,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135209,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135211,64],{"class":63},[57,135213,68],{"class":67},[57,135215,32867],{"class":238},[57,135217,1769],{"class":67},[57,135219,135220],{"class":1772},"  # HELLO\n",[15,135222,135223],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[48,135225,135227],{"className":50,"code":135226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[19,135228,135229,135241,135255,135259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135230,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135232,32846],{"class":285},[57,135234,289],{"class":76},[57,135236,1449],{"class":938},[57,135238,134552],{"class":942},[57,135240,1455],{"class":938},[57,135242,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135244,32846],{"class":285},[57,135246,289],{"class":76},[57,135248,41007],{"class":285},[57,135250,498],{"class":67},[57,135252,6775],{"class":238},[57,135254,6778],{"class":67},[57,135256,135257],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135258,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135260,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135262,64],{"class":63},[57,135264,68],{"class":67},[57,135266,32867],{"class":238},[57,135268,1769],{"class":67},[57,135270,134564],{"class":1772},[43,135272,913],{"id":912},[616,135274,23841],{"id":23840},[15,135276,135277,135278,9232,135280,498],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[19,135279,6775],{},[19,135281,122258],{},[15,135283,14792],{},[48,135285,135287],{"className":50,"code":135286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[19,135288,135289,135301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135290,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135292,32846],{"class":285},[57,135294,289],{"class":76},[57,135296,1449],{"class":938},[57,135298,134552],{"class":942},[57,135300,1455],{"class":938},[57,135302,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135304,64],{"class":63},[57,135306,68],{"class":67},[57,135308,32867],{"class":238},[57,135310,498],{"class":67},[57,135312,6775],{"class":22903},[57,135314,242],{"class":67},[15,135316,135317],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[15,135319,14804],{},[48,135321,135323],{"className":50,"code":135322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[19,135324,135325,135337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135326,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135328,32846],{"class":285},[57,135330,289],{"class":76},[57,135332,1449],{"class":938},[57,135334,134552],{"class":942},[57,135336,1455],{"class":938},[57,135338,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135340,64],{"class":63},[57,135342,68],{"class":67},[57,135344,32867],{"class":238},[57,135346,498],{"class":67},[57,135348,6775],{"class":238},[57,135350,5323],{"class":67},[616,135352,135354],{"id":135353},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[15,135356,135357],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[15,135359,14792],{},[48,135361,135363],{"className":50,"code":135362,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[19,135364,135365,135377,135387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135366,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135368,32846],{"class":285},[57,135370,289],{"class":76},[57,135372,1449],{"class":938},[57,135374,134552],{"class":942},[57,135376,1455],{"class":938},[57,135378,135379,135381,135383,135385],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135380,32867],{"class":285},[57,135382,498],{"class":67},[57,135384,6775],{"class":238},[57,135386,6778],{"class":67},[57,135388,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135390,64],{"class":63},[57,135392,68],{"class":67},[57,135394,32867],{"class":238},[57,135396,1769],{"class":67},[57,135398,135399],{"class":1772},"  # still HELLO\n",[15,135401,14804],{},[48,135403,135405],{"className":50,"code":135404,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[19,135406,135407,135419,135433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135408,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135410,32846],{"class":285},[57,135412,289],{"class":76},[57,135414,1449],{"class":938},[57,135416,134552],{"class":942},[57,135418,1455],{"class":938},[57,135420,135421,135423,135425,135427,135429,135431],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135422,32846],{"class":285},[57,135424,289],{"class":76},[57,135426,41007],{"class":285},[57,135428,498],{"class":67},[57,135430,6775],{"class":238},[57,135432,6778],{"class":67},[57,135434,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135436,64],{"class":63},[57,135438,68],{"class":67},[57,135440,32867],{"class":238},[57,135442,1769],{"class":67},[57,135444,134564],{"class":1772},[616,135446,6551,135448,135450],{"id":135447},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[19,135449,122258],{}," on a non-string value",[15,135452,135453,135455],{},[19,135454,122258],{}," only works on strings.",[15,135457,14792],{},[48,135459,135461],{"className":50,"code":135460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[19,135462,135463,135471],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135464,135465,135467,135469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135466,286],{"class":285},[57,135468,289],{"class":76},[57,135470,123210],{"class":80},[57,135472,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135474,64],{"class":63},[57,135476,68],{"class":67},[57,135478,310],{"class":238},[57,135480,498],{"class":67},[57,135482,6775],{"class":238},[57,135484,5323],{"class":67},[15,135486,135487,135488,31758],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[19,135489,122258],{},[15,135491,135492],{},"You can check the type first:",[48,135494,135496],{"className":50,"code":135495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[19,135497,135498,135510,135514,135528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135499,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135501,32846],{"class":285},[57,135503,289],{"class":76},[57,135505,1449],{"class":938},[57,135507,134552],{"class":942},[57,135509,1455],{"class":938},[57,135511,135512],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135513,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135515,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135517,64],{"class":63},[57,135519,68],{"class":67},[57,135521,1315],{"class":990},[57,135523,68],{"class":67},[57,135525,32867],{"class":238},[57,135527,84],{"class":67},[57,135529,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135531,64],{"class":63},[57,135533,68],{"class":67},[57,135535,32867],{"class":238},[57,135537,498],{"class":67},[57,135539,6775],{"class":238},[57,135541,5323],{"class":67},[616,135543,135545],{"id":135544},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[15,135547,135548],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[48,135550,135552],{"className":50,"code":135551,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[19,135553,135554,135567,135571,135588,135603,135609],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135555,135556,135558,135560,135562,135565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135557,134771],{"class":285},[57,135559,289],{"class":76},[57,135561,1449],{"class":938},[57,135563,135564],{"class":942},"Yes",[57,135566,1455],{"class":938},[57,135568,135569],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135570,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135572,135573,135575,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135574,5126],{"class":1990},[57,135576,135577],{"class":285}," answer ",[57,135579,2808],{"class":76},[57,135581,1449],{"class":938},[57,135583,6793],{"class":942},[57,135585,939],{"class":938},[57,135587,4520],{"class":67},[57,135589,135590,135592,135594,135596,135599,135601],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135591,6201],{"class":63},[57,135593,68],{"class":67},[57,135595,939],{"class":938},[57,135597,135598],{"class":942},"Match",[57,135600,939],{"class":938},[57,135602,242],{"class":67},[57,135604,135605,135607],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,135606,25588],{"class":1990},[57,135608,4520],{"class":67},[57,135610,135611,135613,135615,135617,135620,135622],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,135612,6201],{"class":63},[57,135614,68],{"class":67},[57,135616,939],{"class":938},[57,135618,135619],{"class":942},"No match",[57,135621,939],{"class":938},[57,135623,242],{"class":67},[15,135625,27216,135626,2511,135629,135632,135633,498],{},[19,135627,135628],{},"\"Yes\"",[19,135630,135631],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[19,135634,135619],{},[15,135636,135637],{},"Better:",[48,135639,135641],{"className":50,"code":135640,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[19,135642,135643,135655,135659,135681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135644,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135646,134771],{"class":285},[57,135648,289],{"class":76},[57,135650,1449],{"class":938},[57,135652,135564],{"class":942},[57,135654,1455],{"class":938},[57,135656,135657],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135658,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135660,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135662,5126],{"class":1990},[57,135664,134791],{"class":285},[57,135666,498],{"class":67},[57,135668,6775],{"class":238},[57,135670,5495],{"class":67},[57,135672,4535],{"class":76},[57,135674,1449],{"class":938},[57,135676,6793],{"class":942},[57,135678,939],{"class":938},[57,135680,4520],{"class":67},[57,135682,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135684,6201],{"class":63},[57,135686,68],{"class":67},[57,135688,939],{"class":938},[57,135690,135598],{"class":942},[57,135692,939],{"class":938},[57,135694,242],{"class":67},[616,135696,42379,135698,135701],{"id":135697},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[19,135699,135700],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[15,135703,135704,135705,135707],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[19,135706,122258],{}," is enough.",[15,135709,135710,135711,135713,135714,498],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[19,135712,135700],{}," can be stronger than ",[19,135715,122258],{},[15,135717,135718,135719,120770],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[19,135720,122258],{},[43,135722,135724,8724,135726],{"id":135723},"lower-vs-upper",[19,135725,122258],{},[19,135727,126406],{},[15,135729,135730,2511,135732,135734],{},[19,135731,122258],{},[19,135733,126406],{}," are very similar.",[27,135736,135737,135742,135747,135750],{},[30,135738,135739,135741],{},[19,135740,122258],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[30,135743,135744,135746],{},[19,135745,126406],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[30,135748,135749],{},"Both return new strings",[30,135751,135752],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[15,135754,275],{},[48,135756,135758],{"className":50,"code":135757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[19,135759,135760,135772,135776,135792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135761,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135763,32846],{"class":285},[57,135765,289],{"class":76},[57,135767,1449],{"class":938},[57,135769,127247],{"class":942},[57,135771,1455],{"class":938},[57,135773,135774],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,135775,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,135777,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,135779,64],{"class":63},[57,135781,68],{"class":67},[57,135783,32867],{"class":238},[57,135785,498],{"class":67},[57,135787,6775],{"class":238},[57,135789,134561],{"class":67},[57,135791,134459],{"class":1772},[57,135793,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,135795,64],{"class":63},[57,135797,68],{"class":67},[57,135799,32867],{"class":238},[57,135801,498],{"class":67},[57,135803,32636],{"class":238},[57,135805,134561],{"class":67},[57,135807,135808],{"class":1772},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,135810,135811,135812,498],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[373,135813,124528,135815,8880],{"href":135814},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[19,135816,126406],{},[43,135818,1554],{"id":1553},[616,135820,10848,135822,122855],{"id":135821},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[19,135823,122258],{},[15,135825,135826],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[616,135828,10848,135830,135832],{"id":135829},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[19,135831,122258],{}," take any arguments?",[15,135834,135835,135836,498],{},"No. The method is called as ",[19,135837,135838],{},"string.lower()",[616,135840,3264,135842,10860],{"id":135841},"what-does-lower-return",[19,135843,122258],{},[15,135845,135846],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[616,135848,26483,135850,135852],{"id":135849},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[19,135851,122258],{}," on user input?",[15,135854,135855,135856,135858],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[19,135857,1047],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[616,135860,3302,135862,2511,135864,572],{"id":135861},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[19,135863,122258],{},[19,135865,135700],{},[15,135867,135868,135870,135871,135873],{},[19,135869,122258],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[19,135872,135700],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[43,135875,1602],{"id":1601},[27,135877,135878,135882,135888,135894,135900,135904,135908,135914],{},[30,135879,135880],{},[373,135881,49145],{"href":49144},[30,135883,135884],{},[373,135885,124528,135886,8880],{"href":135814},[19,135887,126406],{},[30,135889,135890],{},[373,135891,124528,135892,8880],{"href":135098},[19,135893,39818],{},[30,135895,135896],{},[373,135897,124528,135898,8880],{"href":128109},[19,135899,122699],{},[30,135901,135902],{},[373,135903,122927],{"href":121783},[30,135905,135906],{},[373,135907,88856],{"href":87865},[30,135909,135910],{},[373,135911,1680,135912,1611],{"href":6352},[19,135913,1047],{},[30,135915,135916],{},[373,135917,135918],{"href":134499},"What is a string in Python?",[1634,135920,135921],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":135923},[135924,135926,135927,135928,135929,135930,135931,135940,135942,135954],{"id":134469,"depth":87,"text":135925},"What lower() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":134918,"depth":87,"text":134919},{"id":13743,"depth":87,"text":13744},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":135932},[135933,135934,135935,135937,135938],{"id":23840,"depth":103,"text":23841},{"id":135353,"depth":103,"text":135354},{"id":135447,"depth":103,"text":135936},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":135544,"depth":103,"text":135545},{"id":135697,"depth":103,"text":135939},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":135723,"depth":87,"text":135941},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":135943},[135944,135946,135948,135950,135952],{"id":135821,"depth":103,"text":135945},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":135829,"depth":103,"text":135947},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":135841,"depth":103,"text":135949},"What does lower() return?",{"id":135849,"depth":103,"text":135951},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":135861,"depth":103,"text":135953},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":134386,"description":135955},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":135962,"title":135963,"body":135964,"description":137514,"extension":1666,"meta":137515,"navigation":317,"path":137516,"seo":137517,"stem":137518,"__hash__":137519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":8,"value":135965,"toc":137475},[135966,135971,135976,135982,135997,135999,136059,136061,136070,136076,136081,136086,136088,136102,136106,136108,136155,136157,136175,136177,136180,136251,136253,136267,136270,136282,136291,136295,136300,136305,136309,136375,136377,136386,136390,136455,136457,136466,136469,136474,136478,136483,136487,136548,136550,136559,136563,136566,136622,136624,136633,136636,136649,136651,136655,136662,136724,136726,136739,136745,136748,136755,136760,136765,136768,136776,136778,136839,136841,136850,136853,136900,136903,136950,136952,136957,136974,136981,136986,137039,137041,137049,137051,137108,137110,137118,137122,137169,137171,137179,137187,137191,137239,137241,137250,137255,137306,137308,137317,137324,137327,137348,137350,137355,137358,137362,137365,137369,137372,137399,137405,137408,137435,137440,137442,137444,137472],[11,135967,121528,135969,9463],{"id":135968},"python-string-replace-method",[19,135970,122699],{},[15,135972,121533,135973,135975],{},[19,135974,122699],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[15,135977,135978,135979,135981],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[19,135980,122699],{},". You will learn:",[27,135983,135984,135988,135991,135994],{},[30,135985,24173,135986,1790],{},[19,135987,122699],{},[30,135989,135990],{},"how its syntax works",[30,135992,135993],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[30,135995,135996],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[43,135998,46],{"id":45},[48,136000,136002],{"className":50,"code":136001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[19,136003,136004,136017,136049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136005,136006,136008,136010,136012,136015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136007,32846],{"class":285},[57,136009,289],{"class":76},[57,136011,1449],{"class":938},[57,136013,136014],{"class":942},"I like cats",[57,136016,1455],{"class":938},[57,136018,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136036,136038,136040,136042,136045,136047],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136020,128367],{"class":285},[57,136022,289],{"class":76},[57,136024,41007],{"class":285},[57,136026,498],{"class":67},[57,136028,33158],{"class":238},[57,136030,68],{"class":67},[57,136032,939],{"class":938},[57,136034,136035],{"class":942},"cats",[57,136037,939],{"class":938},[57,136039,1081],{"class":67},[57,136041,1449],{"class":938},[57,136043,136044],{"class":942},"dogs",[57,136046,939],{"class":938},[57,136048,242],{"class":67},[57,136050,136051,136053,136055,136057],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136052,64],{"class":63},[57,136054,68],{"class":67},[57,136056,128398],{"class":238},[57,136058,242],{"class":67},[15,136060,131],{},[48,136062,136064],{"className":50,"code":136063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like dogs\n",[19,136065,136066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136067,136068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136069,136063],{"class":285},[15,136071,154,136072,136075],{},[19,136073,136074],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[43,136077,1787,136079,1790],{"id":136078},"what-replace-does",[19,136080,122699],{},[15,136082,136083,136085],{},[19,136084,122699],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[15,136087,11197],{},[27,136089,136090,136092,136094,136097],{},[30,136091,131776],{},[30,136093,134494],{},[30,136095,136096],{},"It works on exact matches",[30,136098,136099,136100],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[19,136101,39424],{},[15,136103,123280,136104,498],{},[373,136105,123283],{"href":49144},[43,136107,3555],{"id":3554},[48,136109,136111],{"className":50,"code":136110,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[19,136112,136113,136133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136114,136115,136117,136119,136121,136123,136126,136128,136131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136116,59346],{"class":285},[57,136118,498],{"class":67},[57,136120,33158],{"class":238},[57,136122,68],{"class":67},[57,136124,136125],{"class":238},"old",[57,136127,1081],{"class":67},[57,136129,136130],{"class":238}," new",[57,136132,242],{"class":67},[57,136134,136135,136137,136139,136141,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136136,59346],{"class":285},[57,136138,498],{"class":67},[57,136140,33158],{"class":238},[57,136142,68],{"class":67},[57,136144,136125],{"class":238},[57,136146,1081],{"class":67},[57,136148,136130],{"class":238},[57,136150,1081],{"class":67},[57,136152,47770],{"class":238},[57,136154,242],{"class":67},[616,136156,15544],{"id":15543},[27,136158,136159,136164,136170],{},[30,136160,136161,136163],{},[19,136162,136125],{}," = the text to find",[30,136165,136166,136169],{},[19,136167,136168],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[30,136171,136172,136174],{},[19,136173,39424],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[43,136176,3912],{"id":3911},[15,136178,136179],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[48,136181,136183],{"className":50,"code":136182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[19,136184,136185,136197,136227,136231,136241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136186,136187,136189,136191,136193,136195],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136188,32846],{"class":285},[57,136190,289],{"class":76},[57,136192,1449],{"class":938},[57,136194,136014],{"class":942},[57,136196,1455],{"class":938},[57,136198,136199,136201,136203,136205,136207,136209,136211,136213,136215,136217,136219,136221,136223,136225],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136200,128367],{"class":285},[57,136202,289],{"class":76},[57,136204,41007],{"class":285},[57,136206,498],{"class":67},[57,136208,33158],{"class":238},[57,136210,68],{"class":67},[57,136212,939],{"class":938},[57,136214,136035],{"class":942},[57,136216,939],{"class":938},[57,136218,1081],{"class":67},[57,136220,1449],{"class":938},[57,136222,136044],{"class":942},[57,136224,939],{"class":938},[57,136226,242],{"class":67},[57,136228,136229],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136230,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,136232,136233,136235,136237,136239],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,136234,64],{"class":63},[57,136236,68],{"class":67},[57,136238,32867],{"class":238},[57,136240,242],{"class":67},[57,136242,136243,136245,136247,136249],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,136244,64],{"class":63},[57,136246,68],{"class":67},[57,136248,128398],{"class":238},[57,136250,242],{"class":67},[15,136252,131],{},[48,136254,136256],{"className":50,"code":136255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[19,136257,136258,136263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136259,136260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136261,136262],{"class":285},"I like cats\n",[57,136264,136265],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136266,136063],{"class":285},[15,136268,136269],{},"Notice what happened:",[27,136271,136272,136277],{},[30,136273,136274,136276],{},[19,136275,32867],{}," did not change",[30,136278,136279,136281],{},[19,136280,128398],{}," contains the updated value",[15,136283,136284,136285,136287,136288,136290],{},"This happens because strings are ",[1854,136286,135163],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[19,136289,122699],{}," return a new string instead.",[43,136292,136294],{"id":136293},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[15,136296,87874,136297,136299],{},[19,136298,122699],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[15,136301,136302,136303,34783],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[19,136304,39424],{},[616,136306,136308],{"id":136307},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[48,136310,136312],{"className":50,"code":136311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,136313,136314,136327,136361,136365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136315,136316,136318,136320,136322,136325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136317,32846],{"class":285},[57,136319,289],{"class":76},[57,136321,1449],{"class":938},[57,136323,136324],{"class":942},"cat cat cat",[57,136326,1455],{"class":938},[57,136328,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343,136345,136347,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357,136359],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136330,300],{"class":285},[57,136332,289],{"class":76},[57,136334,41007],{"class":285},[57,136336,498],{"class":67},[57,136338,33158],{"class":238},[57,136340,68],{"class":67},[57,136342,939],{"class":938},[57,136344,35209],{"class":942},[57,136346,939],{"class":938},[57,136348,1081],{"class":67},[57,136350,1449],{"class":938},[57,136352,56298],{"class":942},[57,136354,939],{"class":938},[57,136356,1081],{"class":67},[57,136358,3622],{"class":80},[57,136360,242],{"class":67},[57,136362,136363],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136364,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,136366,136367,136369,136371,136373],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,136368,64],{"class":63},[57,136370,68],{"class":67},[57,136372,339],{"class":238},[57,136374,242],{"class":67},[15,136376,131],{},[48,136378,136380],{"className":50,"code":136379,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog cat cat\n",[19,136381,136382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136383,136384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136385,136379],{"class":285},[616,136387,136389],{"id":136388},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[48,136391,136393],{"className":50,"code":136392,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,136394,136395,136407,136441,136445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136396,136397,136399,136401,136403,136405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136398,32846],{"class":285},[57,136400,289],{"class":76},[57,136402,1449],{"class":938},[57,136404,136324],{"class":942},[57,136406,1455],{"class":938},[57,136408,136409,136411,136413,136415,136417,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427,136429,136431,136433,136435,136437,136439],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136410,300],{"class":285},[57,136412,289],{"class":76},[57,136414,41007],{"class":285},[57,136416,498],{"class":67},[57,136418,33158],{"class":238},[57,136420,68],{"class":67},[57,136422,939],{"class":938},[57,136424,35209],{"class":942},[57,136426,939],{"class":938},[57,136428,1081],{"class":67},[57,136430,1449],{"class":938},[57,136432,56298],{"class":942},[57,136434,939],{"class":938},[57,136436,1081],{"class":67},[57,136438,1084],{"class":80},[57,136440,242],{"class":67},[57,136442,136443],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136444,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,136446,136447,136449,136451,136453],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,136448,64],{"class":63},[57,136450,68],{"class":67},[57,136452,339],{"class":238},[57,136454,242],{"class":67},[15,136456,131],{},[48,136458,136460],{"className":50,"code":136459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog dog cat\n",[19,136461,136462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136463,136464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136465,136459],{"class":285},[15,136467,136468],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[15,136470,136471,136472,498],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[373,136473,126252],{"href":122696},[43,136475,136477],{"id":136476},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[15,136479,136480,136482],{},[19,136481,122699],{}," can also change single characters.",[616,136484,136486],{"id":136485},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[48,136488,136490],{"className":50,"code":136489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,136491,136492,136504,136534,136538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136493,136494,136496,136498,136500,136502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136495,32846],{"class":285},[57,136497,289],{"class":76},[57,136499,1449],{"class":938},[57,136501,2204],{"class":942},[57,136503,1455],{"class":938},[57,136505,136506,136508,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524,136526,136528,136530,136532],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136507,300],{"class":285},[57,136509,289],{"class":76},[57,136511,41007],{"class":285},[57,136513,498],{"class":67},[57,136515,33158],{"class":238},[57,136517,68],{"class":67},[57,136519,939],{"class":938},[57,136521,373],{"class":942},[57,136523,939],{"class":938},[57,136525,1081],{"class":67},[57,136527,1449],{"class":938},[57,136529,58645],{"class":942},[57,136531,939],{"class":938},[57,136533,242],{"class":67},[57,136535,136536],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136537,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,136539,136540,136542,136544,136546],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,136541,64],{"class":63},[57,136543,68],{"class":67},[57,136545,339],{"class":238},[57,136547,242],{"class":67},[15,136549,131],{},[48,136551,136553],{"className":50,"code":136552,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bonono\n",[19,136554,136555],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136556,136557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136558,136552],{"class":285},[616,136560,136562],{"id":136561},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[15,136564,136565],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[48,136567,136569],{"className":50,"code":136568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,136570,136571,136584,136608,136612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136572,136573,136575,136577,136579,136582],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136574,32846],{"class":285},[57,136576,289],{"class":76},[57,136578,1449],{"class":938},[57,136580,136581],{"class":942},"a b c",[57,136583,1455],{"class":938},[57,136585,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594,136596,136598,136600,136602,136604,136606],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136587,300],{"class":285},[57,136589,289],{"class":76},[57,136591,41007],{"class":285},[57,136593,498],{"class":67},[57,136595,33158],{"class":238},[57,136597,68],{"class":67},[57,136599,939],{"class":938},[57,136601,1449],{"class":938},[57,136603,1081],{"class":67},[57,136605,4252],{"class":938},[57,136607,242],{"class":67},[57,136609,136610],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136611,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,136613,136614,136616,136618,136620],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,136615,64],{"class":63},[57,136617,68],{"class":67},[57,136619,339],{"class":238},[57,136621,242],{"class":67},[15,136623,131],{},[48,136625,136627],{"className":50,"code":136626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abc\n",[19,136628,136629],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136630,136631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136632,136626],{"class":285},[15,136634,136635],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[15,136637,136638,136639,136643,136644,136648],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[373,136640,124528,136641,8880],{"href":127215},[19,136642,58703],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[373,136645,124528,136646,8880],{"href":135098},[19,136647,39818],{}," is often a better choice.",[43,136650,122175],{"id":122174},[15,136652,136653,121986],{},[19,136654,122699],{},[15,136656,125573,136657,2511,136659,125580],{},[19,136658,111212],{},[19,136660,136661],{},"\"Cat\"",[48,136663,136665],{"className":50,"code":136664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,136666,136667,136680,136710,136714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136668,136669,136671,136673,136675,136678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136670,32846],{"class":285},[57,136672,289],{"class":76},[57,136674,1449],{"class":938},[57,136676,136677],{"class":942},"Cat cat CAT",[57,136679,1455],{"class":938},[57,136681,136682,136684,136686,136688,136690,136692,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136683,300],{"class":285},[57,136685,289],{"class":76},[57,136687,41007],{"class":285},[57,136689,498],{"class":67},[57,136691,33158],{"class":238},[57,136693,68],{"class":67},[57,136695,939],{"class":938},[57,136697,35209],{"class":942},[57,136699,939],{"class":938},[57,136701,1081],{"class":67},[57,136703,1449],{"class":938},[57,136705,56298],{"class":942},[57,136707,939],{"class":938},[57,136709,242],{"class":67},[57,136711,136712],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136713,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,136715,136716,136718,136720,136722],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,136717,64],{"class":63},[57,136719,68],{"class":67},[57,136721,339],{"class":238},[57,136723,242],{"class":67},[15,136725,131],{},[48,136727,136729],{"className":50,"code":136728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Cat dog CAT\n",[19,136730,136731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136732,136733,136736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136734,136735],{"class":285},"Cat dog ",[57,136737,136738],{"class":32611},"CAT\n",[15,136740,136741,136742,136744],{},"Only the lowercase ",[19,136743,111212],{}," was replaced.",[15,136746,136747],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[15,136749,136750,136751,498],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[373,136752,124528,136753,8880],{"href":122255},[19,136754,122258],{},[43,136756,1787,136758,9848],{"id":136757},"what-replace-returns",[19,136759,122699],{},[15,136761,136762,136764],{},[19,136763,122699],{}," returns a new string.",[15,136766,136767],{},"If no match is found:",[27,136769,136770,136773],{},[30,136771,136772],{},"no error happens",[30,136774,136775],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[15,136777,275],{},[48,136779,136781],{"className":50,"code":136780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,136782,136783,136795,136825,136829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136786,32846],{"class":285},[57,136788,289],{"class":76},[57,136790,1449],{"class":938},[57,136792,1958],{"class":942},[57,136794,1455],{"class":938},[57,136796,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811,136813,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136798,300],{"class":285},[57,136800,289],{"class":76},[57,136802,41007],{"class":285},[57,136804,498],{"class":67},[57,136806,33158],{"class":238},[57,136808,68],{"class":67},[57,136810,939],{"class":938},[57,136812,239],{"class":942},[57,136814,939],{"class":938},[57,136816,1081],{"class":67},[57,136818,1449],{"class":938},[57,136820,9888],{"class":942},[57,136822,939],{"class":938},[57,136824,242],{"class":67},[57,136826,136827],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,136828,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,136830,136831,136833,136835,136837],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,136832,64],{"class":63},[57,136834,68],{"class":67},[57,136836,339],{"class":238},[57,136838,242],{"class":67},[15,136840,131],{},[48,136842,136844],{"className":50,"code":136843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello\n",[19,136845,136846],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136847,136848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136849,136843],{"class":285},[15,136851,136852],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[48,136854,136856],{"className":50,"code":136855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[19,136857,136858,136870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136859,136860,136862,136864,136866,136868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136861,32846],{"class":285},[57,136863,289],{"class":76},[57,136865,1449],{"class":938},[57,136867,58578],{"class":942},[57,136869,1455],{"class":938},[57,136871,136872,136874,136876,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888,136890,136892,136894,136896,136898],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136873,128367],{"class":285},[57,136875,289],{"class":76},[57,136877,41007],{"class":285},[57,136879,498],{"class":67},[57,136881,33158],{"class":238},[57,136883,68],{"class":67},[57,136885,939],{"class":938},[57,136887,58763],{"class":942},[57,136889,939],{"class":938},[57,136891,1081],{"class":67},[57,136893,1449],{"class":938},[57,136895,5426],{"class":942},[57,136897,939],{"class":938},[57,136899,242],{"class":67},[15,136901,136902],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[48,136904,136906],{"className":50,"code":136905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[19,136907,136908,136920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136909,136910,136912,136914,136916,136918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136911,32846],{"class":285},[57,136913,289],{"class":76},[57,136915,1449],{"class":938},[57,136917,58578],{"class":942},[57,136919,1455],{"class":938},[57,136921,136922,136924,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934,136936,136938,136940,136942,136944,136946,136948],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,136923,32846],{"class":285},[57,136925,289],{"class":76},[57,136927,41007],{"class":285},[57,136929,498],{"class":67},[57,136931,33158],{"class":238},[57,136933,68],{"class":67},[57,136935,939],{"class":938},[57,136937,58763],{"class":942},[57,136939,939],{"class":938},[57,136941,1081],{"class":67},[57,136943,1449],{"class":938},[57,136945,5426],{"class":942},[57,136947,939],{"class":938},[57,136949,242],{"class":67},[43,136951,2637],{"id":2636},[15,136953,136954,136955,972],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[19,136956,122699],{},[27,136958,136959,136962,136966,136969],{},[30,136960,136961],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[30,136963,6587,136964,129748],{},[19,136965,122699],{},[30,136967,136968],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[30,136970,35366,136971,136973],{},[19,136972,122699],{}," with regex-based replacements",[616,136975,136977,136978,136980],{"id":136976},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[19,136979,122699],{}," without assigning the result",[15,136982,136983,136984,972],{},"This does not update ",[19,136985,32867],{},[48,136987,136989],{"className":50,"code":136988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,136990,136991,137003,137029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136992,136993,136995,136997,136999,137001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136994,32846],{"class":285},[57,136996,289],{"class":76},[57,136998,1449],{"class":938},[57,137000,136014],{"class":942},[57,137002,1455],{"class":938},[57,137004,137005,137007,137009,137011,137013,137015,137017,137019,137021,137023,137025,137027],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137006,32867],{"class":285},[57,137008,498],{"class":67},[57,137010,33158],{"class":238},[57,137012,68],{"class":67},[57,137014,939],{"class":938},[57,137016,136035],{"class":942},[57,137018,939],{"class":938},[57,137020,1081],{"class":67},[57,137022,1449],{"class":938},[57,137024,136044],{"class":942},[57,137026,939],{"class":938},[57,137028,242],{"class":67},[57,137030,137031,137033,137035,137037],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,137032,64],{"class":63},[57,137034,68],{"class":67},[57,137036,32867],{"class":238},[57,137038,242],{"class":67},[15,137040,131],{},[48,137042,137043],{"className":50,"code":136262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,137044,137045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137046,137047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137048,136262],{"class":285},[15,137050,8947],{},[48,137052,137054],{"className":50,"code":137053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[19,137055,137056,137068,137098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137057,137058,137060,137062,137064,137066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137059,32846],{"class":285},[57,137061,289],{"class":76},[57,137063,1449],{"class":938},[57,137065,136014],{"class":942},[57,137067,1455],{"class":938},[57,137069,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082,137084,137086,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137071,32846],{"class":285},[57,137073,289],{"class":76},[57,137075,41007],{"class":285},[57,137077,498],{"class":67},[57,137079,33158],{"class":238},[57,137081,68],{"class":67},[57,137083,939],{"class":938},[57,137085,136035],{"class":942},[57,137087,939],{"class":938},[57,137089,1081],{"class":67},[57,137091,1449],{"class":938},[57,137093,136044],{"class":942},[57,137095,939],{"class":938},[57,137097,242],{"class":67},[57,137099,137100,137102,137104,137106],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,137101,64],{"class":63},[57,137103,68],{"class":67},[57,137105,32867],{"class":238},[57,137107,242],{"class":67},[15,137109,131],{},[48,137111,137112],{"className":50,"code":136063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,137113,137114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137115,137116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137117,136063],{"class":285},[616,137119,137121],{"id":137120},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[48,137123,137125],{"className":50,"code":137124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[19,137126,137127,137139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137130,32846],{"class":285},[57,137132,289],{"class":76},[57,137134,1449],{"class":938},[57,137136,33026],{"class":942},[57,137138,1455],{"class":938},[57,137140,137141,137143,137145,137147,137149,137151,137153,137155,137157,137159,137161,137163,137165,137167],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137142,64],{"class":63},[57,137144,68],{"class":67},[57,137146,32867],{"class":238},[57,137148,498],{"class":67},[57,137150,33158],{"class":238},[57,137152,68],{"class":67},[57,137154,939],{"class":938},[57,137156,1958],{"class":942},[57,137158,939],{"class":938},[57,137160,1081],{"class":67},[57,137162,1449],{"class":938},[57,137164,88109],{"class":942},[57,137166,939],{"class":938},[57,137168,84],{"class":67},[15,137170,131],{},[48,137172,137173],{"className":50,"code":87122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,137174,137175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137176,137177],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137178,87122],{"class":285},[15,137180,137181,137182,2511,137184,137186],{},"Nothing changed because ",[19,137183,62707],{},[19,137185,88591],{}," are not the same.",[616,137188,137190],{"id":137189},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[48,137192,137194],{"className":50,"code":137193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[19,137195,137196,137209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137197,137198,137200,137202,137204,137207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137199,32846],{"class":285},[57,137201,289],{"class":76},[57,137203,1449],{"class":938},[57,137205,137206],{"class":942},"red red red",[57,137208,1455],{"class":938},[57,137210,137211,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137212,64],{"class":63},[57,137214,68],{"class":67},[57,137216,32867],{"class":238},[57,137218,498],{"class":67},[57,137220,33158],{"class":238},[57,137222,68],{"class":67},[57,137224,939],{"class":938},[57,137226,11238],{"class":942},[57,137228,939],{"class":938},[57,137230,1081],{"class":67},[57,137232,1449],{"class":938},[57,137234,11255],{"class":942},[57,137236,939],{"class":938},[57,137238,84],{"class":67},[15,137240,131],{},[48,137242,137244],{"className":50,"code":137243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue blue blue\n",[19,137245,137246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137247,137248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137249,137243],{"class":285},[15,137251,137252,137253,972],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[19,137254,39424],{},[48,137256,137258],{"className":50,"code":137257,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[19,137259,137260,137272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137261,137262,137264,137266,137268,137270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137263,32846],{"class":285},[57,137265,289],{"class":76},[57,137267,1449],{"class":938},[57,137269,137206],{"class":942},[57,137271,1455],{"class":938},[57,137273,137274,137276,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286,137288,137290,137292,137294,137296,137298,137300,137302,137304],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137275,64],{"class":63},[57,137277,68],{"class":67},[57,137279,32867],{"class":238},[57,137281,498],{"class":67},[57,137283,33158],{"class":238},[57,137285,68],{"class":67},[57,137287,939],{"class":938},[57,137289,11238],{"class":942},[57,137291,939],{"class":938},[57,137293,1081],{"class":67},[57,137295,1449],{"class":938},[57,137297,11255],{"class":942},[57,137299,939],{"class":938},[57,137301,1081],{"class":67},[57,137303,3622],{"class":80},[57,137305,84],{"class":67},[15,137307,131],{},[48,137309,137311],{"className":50,"code":137310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue red red\n",[19,137312,137313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137314,137315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137316,137310],{"class":285},[616,137318,137320,137321,137323],{"id":137319},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[19,137322,122699],{}," for the wrong task",[15,137325,137326],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[27,137328,137329,137336,137343],{},[30,137330,154,137331,137335],{},[373,137332,137333],{"href":127215},[19,137334,58703],{}," to break a string into a list",[30,137337,154,137338,137342],{},[373,137339,137340],{"href":135098},[19,137341,39818],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[30,137344,154,137345,137347],{},[19,137346,122699],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[43,137349,1554],{"id":1553},[616,137351,10848,137353,122855],{"id":137352},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[19,137354,122699],{},[15,137356,137357],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[616,137359,137361],{"id":137360},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[15,137363,137364],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[616,137366,137368],{"id":137367},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[15,137370,137371],{},"Use the third argument:",[48,137373,137375],{"className":50,"code":137374,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[19,137376,137377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137378,137379,137381,137383,137385,137387,137389,137391,137393,137395,137397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137380,32867],{"class":285},[57,137382,498],{"class":67},[57,137384,33158],{"class":238},[57,137386,68],{"class":67},[57,137388,136125],{"class":238},[57,137390,1081],{"class":67},[57,137392,136130],{"class":238},[57,137394,1081],{"class":67},[57,137396,3622],{"class":80},[57,137398,242],{"class":67},[616,137400,3292,137402,137404],{"id":137401},"can-replace-remove-text",[19,137403,122699],{}," remove text?",[15,137406,137407],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[48,137409,137411],{"className":50,"code":137410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[19,137412,137413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137414,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425,137427,137429,137431,137433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137416,32867],{"class":285},[57,137418,498],{"class":67},[57,137420,33158],{"class":238},[57,137422,68],{"class":67},[57,137424,939],{"class":938},[57,137426,239],{"class":942},[57,137428,939],{"class":938},[57,137430,1081],{"class":67},[57,137432,4252],{"class":938},[57,137434,242],{"class":67},[616,137436,13050,137438,122864],{"id":137437},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[19,137439,122699],{},[15,137441,128057],{},[43,137443,1602],{"id":1601},[27,137445,137446,137450,137456,137462,137468],{},[30,137447,137448],{},[373,137449,122934],{"href":122696},[30,137451,137452],{},[373,137453,124528,137454,8880],{"href":127215},[19,137455,58703],{},[30,137457,137458],{},[373,137459,124528,137460,8880],{"href":135098},[19,137461,39818],{},[30,137463,137464],{},[373,137465,124528,137466,8880],{"href":122255},[19,137467,122258],{},[30,137469,137470],{},[373,137471,123283],{"href":49144},[1634,137473,137474],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":137476},[137477,137478,137480,137483,137484,137488,137492,137493,137495,137503,137513],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":136078,"depth":87,"text":137479},"What replace() does",{"id":3554,"depth":87,"text":3555,"children":137481},[137482],{"id":15543,"depth":103,"text":15544},{"id":3911,"depth":87,"text":3912},{"id":136293,"depth":87,"text":136294,"children":137485},[137486,137487],{"id":136307,"depth":103,"text":136308},{"id":136388,"depth":103,"text":136389},{"id":136476,"depth":87,"text":136477,"children":137489},[137490,137491],{"id":136485,"depth":103,"text":136486},{"id":136561,"depth":103,"text":136562},{"id":122174,"depth":87,"text":122175},{"id":136757,"depth":87,"text":137494},"What replace() returns",{"id":2636,"depth":87,"text":2637,"children":137496},[137497,137499,137500,137501],{"id":136976,"depth":103,"text":137498},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":137120,"depth":103,"text":137121},{"id":137189,"depth":103,"text":137190},{"id":137319,"depth":103,"text":137502},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":137504},[137505,137507,137508,137509,137511],{"id":137352,"depth":103,"text":137506},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":137360,"depth":103,"text":137361},{"id":137367,"depth":103,"text":137368},{"id":137401,"depth":103,"text":137510},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":137437,"depth":103,"text":137512},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":135963,"description":137514},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":137521,"title":137522,"body":137523,"description":139542,"extension":1666,"meta":139543,"navigation":317,"path":139544,"seo":139545,"stem":139546,"__hash__":139547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":8,"value":137524,"toc":139506},[137525,137530,137535,137538,137549,137551,137606,137611,137616,137623,137625,137640,137642,137698,137700,137738,137743,137745,137769,137772,137785,137790,137792,137824,137826,137859,137865,137870,137873,137883,137886,137888,137944,137946,137996,137999,138007,138010,138066,138068,138141,138154,138162,138166,138177,138180,138183,138236,138238,138270,138273,138327,138329,138364,138367,138372,138377,138382,138385,138387,138445,138447,138481,138483,138498,138501,138503,138545,138547,138573,138578,138586,138589,138591,138673,138675,138726,138729,138740,138748,138750,138823,138825,138843,138847,138850,138854,138881,138883,138891,138895,138930,138932,138945,138949,138952,138991,138993,139010,139015,139020,139031,139034,139045,139047,139049,139075,139078,139127,139129,139146,139149,139151,139203,139205,139237,139240,139298,139303,139305,139310,139413,139415,139429,139431,139438,139443,139448,139453,139458,139463,139466,139470,139475,139477,139503],[11,137526,121528,137528,9463],{"id":137527},"python-string-split-method",[19,137529,58703],{},[15,137531,121533,137532,137534],{},[19,137533,58703],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[15,137536,137537],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[27,137539,137540,137543,137546],{},[30,137541,137542],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[30,137544,137545],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[30,137547,137548],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[43,137550,46],{"id":45},[48,137552,137554],{"className":50,"code":137553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[19,137555,137556,137569,137591,137601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137557,137558,137560,137562,137564,137567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137559,32846],{"class":285},[57,137561,289],{"class":76},[57,137563,1449],{"class":938},[57,137565,137566],{"class":942},"apple,banana,cherry",[57,137568,1455],{"class":938},[57,137570,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579,137581,137583,137585,137587,137589],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137572,41002],{"class":285},[57,137574,289],{"class":76},[57,137576,41007],{"class":285},[57,137578,498],{"class":67},[57,137580,32627],{"class":238},[57,137582,68],{"class":67},[57,137584,939],{"class":938},[57,137586,1081],{"class":942},[57,137588,939],{"class":938},[57,137590,242],{"class":67},[57,137592,137593,137595,137597,137599],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,137594,64],{"class":63},[57,137596,68],{"class":67},[57,137598,41034],{"class":238},[57,137600,242],{"class":67},[57,137602,137603],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,137604,137605],{"class":1772},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,137607,154,137608,137610],{},[19,137609,58703],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[43,137612,1787,137614,1790],{"id":137613},"what-split-does",[19,137615,58703],{},[15,137617,137618,130576,137620,498],{},[19,137619,58703],{},[1854,137621,137622],{},"string method",[15,137624,47095],{},[27,137626,137627,137630,137635],{},[30,137628,137629],{},"divides a string into parts",[30,137631,117830,137632],{},[1854,137633,137634],{},"new list of strings",[30,137636,117836,137637,137639],{},[1854,137638,2750],{}," change the original string",[15,137641,275],{},[48,137643,137645],{"className":50,"code":137644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[19,137646,137647,137660,137674,137678,137688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137648,137649,137651,137653,137655,137658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137650,32846],{"class":285},[57,137652,289],{"class":76},[57,137654,1449],{"class":938},[57,137656,137657],{"class":942},"red blue green",[57,137659,1455],{"class":938},[57,137661,137662,137664,137666,137668,137670,137672],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137663,41002],{"class":285},[57,137665,289],{"class":76},[57,137667,41007],{"class":285},[57,137669,498],{"class":67},[57,137671,32627],{"class":238},[57,137673,6778],{"class":67},[57,137675,137676],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,137677,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,137679,137680,137682,137684,137686],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,137681,64],{"class":63},[57,137683,68],{"class":67},[57,137685,32867],{"class":238},[57,137687,242],{"class":67},[57,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,137691,64],{"class":63},[57,137693,68],{"class":67},[57,137695,41034],{"class":238},[57,137697,242],{"class":67},[15,137699,131],{},[48,137701,137703],{"className":50,"code":137702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[19,137704,137705,137710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137706,137707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137708,137709],{"class":285},"red blue green\n",[57,137711,137712,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730,137732,137734,137736],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137713,2015],{"class":67},[57,137715,1395],{"class":938},[57,137717,11238],{"class":942},[57,137719,1395],{"class":938},[57,137721,1081],{"class":67},[57,137723,1390],{"class":938},[57,137725,11255],{"class":942},[57,137727,1395],{"class":938},[57,137729,1081],{"class":67},[57,137731,1390],{"class":938},[57,137733,15605],{"class":942},[57,137735,1395],{"class":938},[57,137737,1742],{"class":67},[15,137739,137740,137741,498],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[373,137742,123283],{"href":49144},[43,137744,221],{"id":220},[48,137746,137748],{"className":50,"code":137747,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[19,137749,137750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137751,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762,137764,137767],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137753,59346],{"class":285},[57,137755,498],{"class":67},[57,137757,32627],{"class":238},[57,137759,68],{"class":67},[57,137761,131932],{"class":238},[57,137763,1081],{"class":67},[57,137765,137766],{"class":238}," maxsplit",[57,137768,242],{"class":67},[15,137770,137771],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[27,137773,137774,137779],{},[30,137775,137776,137778],{},[19,137777,131932],{}," tells Python where to split",[30,137780,137781,137784],{},[19,137782,137783],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[15,137786,7011,137787,137789],{},[19,137788,131932],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[15,137791,275],{},[48,137793,137795],{"className":50,"code":137794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[19,137796,137797,137810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137798,137799,137801,137803,137805,137808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137800,32846],{"class":285},[57,137802,289],{"class":76},[57,137804,1449],{"class":938},[57,137806,137807],{"class":942},"one two three",[57,137809,1455],{"class":938},[57,137811,137812,137814,137816,137818,137820,137822],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137813,64],{"class":63},[57,137815,68],{"class":67},[57,137817,32867],{"class":238},[57,137819,498],{"class":67},[57,137821,32627],{"class":238},[57,137823,5323],{"class":67},[15,137825,131],{},[48,137827,137829],{"className":50,"code":137828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[19,137830,137831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137832,137833,137835,137837,137839,137841,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137834,2015],{"class":67},[57,137836,1395],{"class":938},[57,137838,4713],{"class":942},[57,137840,1395],{"class":938},[57,137842,1081],{"class":67},[57,137844,1390],{"class":938},[57,137846,77444],{"class":942},[57,137848,1395],{"class":938},[57,137850,1081],{"class":67},[57,137852,1390],{"class":938},[57,137854,132414],{"class":942},[57,137856,1395],{"class":938},[57,137858,1742],{"class":67},[43,137860,6551,137862,137864],{"id":137861},"using-split-with-no-separator",[19,137863,58703],{}," with no separator",[15,137866,68347,137867,137869],{},[19,137868,58703],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[15,137871,137872],{},"Whitespace includes:",[27,137874,137875,137877,137880],{},[30,137876,8590],{},[30,137878,137879],{},"tabs",[30,137881,137882],{},"new lines",[15,137884,137885],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[15,137887,275],{},[48,137889,137891],{"className":50,"code":137890,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[19,137892,137893,137916,137930,137934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137894,137895,137897,137899,137901,137904,137907,137909,137911,137914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137896,32846],{"class":285},[57,137898,289],{"class":76},[57,137900,1449],{"class":938},[57,137902,137903],{"class":942},"Python   is",[57,137905,137906],{"class":32611},"\\t",[57,137908,131668],{"class":942},[57,137910,85326],{"class":32611},[57,137912,137913],{"class":942},"and useful",[57,137915,1455],{"class":938},[57,137917,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,137919,41002],{"class":285},[57,137921,289],{"class":76},[57,137923,41007],{"class":285},[57,137925,498],{"class":67},[57,137927,32627],{"class":238},[57,137929,6778],{"class":67},[57,137931,137932],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,137933,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,137935,137936,137938,137940,137942],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,137937,64],{"class":63},[57,137939,68],{"class":67},[57,137941,41034],{"class":238},[57,137943,242],{"class":67},[15,137945,131],{},[48,137947,137949],{"className":50,"code":137948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[19,137950,137951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137952,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137992,137994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137954,2015],{"class":67},[57,137956,1395],{"class":938},[57,137958,5426],{"class":942},[57,137960,1395],{"class":938},[57,137962,1081],{"class":67},[57,137964,1390],{"class":938},[57,137966,10337],{"class":942},[57,137968,1395],{"class":938},[57,137970,1081],{"class":67},[57,137972,1390],{"class":938},[57,137974,131668],{"class":942},[57,137976,1395],{"class":938},[57,137978,1081],{"class":67},[57,137980,1390],{"class":938},[57,137982,128293],{"class":942},[57,137984,1395],{"class":938},[57,137986,1081],{"class":67},[57,137988,1390],{"class":938},[57,137990,137991],{"class":942},"useful",[57,137993,1395],{"class":938},[57,137995,1742],{"class":67},[15,137997,137998],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[616,138000,138002,8724,138004],{"id":138001},"split-vs-split",[19,138003,58703],{},[19,138005,138006],{},"split(' ')",[15,138008,138009],{},"These are not the same.",[48,138011,138013],{"className":50,"code":138012,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[19,138014,138015,138028,138032,138046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138016,138017,138019,138021,138023,138026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138018,32846],{"class":285},[57,138020,289],{"class":76},[57,138022,1449],{"class":938},[57,138024,138025],{"class":942},"a  b   c",[57,138027,1455],{"class":938},[57,138029,138030],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138031,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,138033,138034,138036,138038,138040,138042,138044],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,138035,64],{"class":63},[57,138037,68],{"class":67},[57,138039,32867],{"class":238},[57,138041,498],{"class":67},[57,138043,32627],{"class":238},[57,138045,5323],{"class":67},[57,138047,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060,138062,138064],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,138049,64],{"class":63},[57,138051,68],{"class":67},[57,138053,32867],{"class":238},[57,138055,498],{"class":67},[57,138057,32627],{"class":238},[57,138059,68],{"class":67},[57,138061,939],{"class":938},[57,138063,1449],{"class":938},[57,138065,84],{"class":67},[15,138067,131],{},[48,138069,138071],{"className":50,"code":138070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[19,138072,138073,138101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138074,138075,138077,138079,138081,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138076,2015],{"class":67},[57,138078,1395],{"class":938},[57,138080,373],{"class":942},[57,138082,1395],{"class":938},[57,138084,1081],{"class":67},[57,138086,1390],{"class":938},[57,138088,2881],{"class":942},[57,138090,1395],{"class":938},[57,138092,1081],{"class":67},[57,138094,1390],{"class":938},[57,138096,7877],{"class":942},[57,138098,1395],{"class":938},[57,138100,1742],{"class":67},[57,138102,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138104,2015],{"class":67},[57,138106,1395],{"class":938},[57,138108,373],{"class":942},[57,138110,1395],{"class":938},[57,138112,1081],{"class":67},[57,138114,1951],{"class":938},[57,138116,1081],{"class":67},[57,138118,1390],{"class":938},[57,138120,2881],{"class":942},[57,138122,1395],{"class":938},[57,138124,1081],{"class":67},[57,138126,1951],{"class":938},[57,138128,1081],{"class":67},[57,138130,1951],{"class":938},[57,138132,1081],{"class":67},[57,138134,1390],{"class":938},[57,138136,7877],{"class":942},[57,138138,1395],{"class":938},[57,138140,1742],{"class":67},[27,138142,138143,138148],{},[30,138144,138145,138147],{},[19,138146,58703],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[30,138149,138150,138153],{},[19,138151,138152],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[15,138155,138156,138157,138161],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[373,138158,124528,138159,8880],{"href":135098},[19,138160,39818],{}," is often useful.",[43,138163,138165],{"id":138164},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[15,138167,138168,138169,256,138172,260,138174,498],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[19,138170,138171],{},"\",\"",[19,138173,131767],{},[19,138175,138176],{},"\"::\"",[15,138178,138179],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[15,138181,138182],{},"Example with commas:",[48,138184,138186],{"className":50,"code":138185,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[19,138187,138188,138200,138222,138226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138189,138190,138192,138194,138196,138198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138191,32846],{"class":285},[57,138193,289],{"class":76},[57,138195,1449],{"class":938},[57,138197,137566],{"class":942},[57,138199,1455],{"class":938},[57,138201,138202,138204,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138203,41002],{"class":285},[57,138205,289],{"class":76},[57,138207,41007],{"class":285},[57,138209,498],{"class":67},[57,138211,32627],{"class":238},[57,138213,68],{"class":67},[57,138215,939],{"class":938},[57,138217,1081],{"class":942},[57,138219,939],{"class":938},[57,138221,242],{"class":67},[57,138223,138224],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,138225,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,138227,138228,138230,138232,138234],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,138229,64],{"class":63},[57,138231,68],{"class":67},[57,138233,41034],{"class":238},[57,138235,242],{"class":67},[15,138237,131],{},[48,138239,138240],{"className":50,"code":76623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,138241,138242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138243,138244,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138245,2015],{"class":67},[57,138247,1395],{"class":938},[57,138249,2195],{"class":942},[57,138251,1395],{"class":938},[57,138253,1081],{"class":67},[57,138255,1390],{"class":938},[57,138257,2204],{"class":942},[57,138259,1395],{"class":938},[57,138261,1081],{"class":67},[57,138263,1390],{"class":938},[57,138265,2213],{"class":942},[57,138267,1395],{"class":938},[57,138269,1742],{"class":67},[15,138271,138272],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[48,138274,138276],{"className":50,"code":138275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[19,138277,138278,138291,138313,138317],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138279,138280,138282,138284,138286,138289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138281,32846],{"class":285},[57,138283,289],{"class":76},[57,138285,1449],{"class":938},[57,138287,138288],{"class":942},"2024::10::31",[57,138290,1455],{"class":938},[57,138292,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309,138311],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138294,41002],{"class":285},[57,138296,289],{"class":76},[57,138298,41007],{"class":285},[57,138300,498],{"class":67},[57,138302,32627],{"class":238},[57,138304,68],{"class":67},[57,138306,939],{"class":938},[57,138308,74840],{"class":942},[57,138310,939],{"class":938},[57,138312,242],{"class":67},[57,138314,138315],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,138316,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,138318,138319,138321,138323,138325],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,138320,64],{"class":63},[57,138322,68],{"class":67},[57,138324,41034],{"class":238},[57,138326,242],{"class":67},[15,138328,131],{},[48,138330,138332],{"className":50,"code":138331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[19,138333,138334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138335,138336,138338,138340,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138360,138362],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138337,2015],{"class":67},[57,138339,1395],{"class":938},[57,138341,138342],{"class":942},"2024",[57,138344,1395],{"class":938},[57,138346,1081],{"class":67},[57,138348,1390],{"class":938},[57,138350,407],{"class":942},[57,138352,1395],{"class":938},[57,138354,1081],{"class":67},[57,138356,1390],{"class":938},[57,138358,138359],{"class":942},"31",[57,138361,1395],{"class":938},[57,138363,1742],{"class":67},[15,138365,138366],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[15,138368,138369,138370,498],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[373,138371,127212],{"href":127211},[43,138373,6551,138375],{"id":138374},"using-maxsplit",[19,138376,137783],{},[15,138378,138379,138381],{},[19,138380,137783],{}," limits the number of splits.",[15,138383,138384],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[15,138386,275],{},[48,138388,138390],{"className":50,"code":138389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[19,138391,138392,138405,138431,138435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138393,138394,138396,138398,138400,138403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138395,32846],{"class":285},[57,138397,289],{"class":76},[57,138399,1449],{"class":938},[57,138401,138402],{"class":942},"name:age:city:country",[57,138404,1455],{"class":938},[57,138406,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138408,41002],{"class":285},[57,138410,289],{"class":76},[57,138412,41007],{"class":285},[57,138414,498],{"class":67},[57,138416,32627],{"class":238},[57,138418,68],{"class":67},[57,138420,939],{"class":938},[57,138422,972],{"class":942},[57,138424,939],{"class":938},[57,138426,1081],{"class":67},[57,138428,1084],{"class":80},[57,138430,242],{"class":67},[57,138432,138433],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,138434,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,138436,138437,138439,138441,138443],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,138438,64],{"class":63},[57,138440,68],{"class":67},[57,138442,41034],{"class":238},[57,138444,242],{"class":67},[15,138446,131],{},[48,138448,138450],{"className":50,"code":138449,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[19,138451,138452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138453,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138477,138479],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138455,2015],{"class":67},[57,138457,1395],{"class":938},[57,138459,5798],{"class":942},[57,138461,1395],{"class":938},[57,138463,1081],{"class":67},[57,138465,1390],{"class":938},[57,138467,7436],{"class":942},[57,138469,1395],{"class":938},[57,138471,1081],{"class":67},[57,138473,1390],{"class":938},[57,138475,138476],{"class":942},"city:country",[57,138478,1395],{"class":938},[57,138480,1742],{"class":67},[15,138482,245],{},[27,138484,138485,138490,138495],{},[30,138486,138487,138488],{},"Python splits at the first ",[19,138489,972],{},[30,138491,138492,138493],{},"then splits at the second ",[19,138494,972],{},[30,138496,138497],{},"then stops",[15,138499,138500],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[15,138502,50249],{},[48,138504,138506],{"className":50,"code":138505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[19,138507,138508,138521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138509,138510,138512,138514,138516,138519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138511,32846],{"class":285},[57,138513,289],{"class":76},[57,138515,1449],{"class":938},[57,138517,138518],{"class":942},"apple banana cherry grape",[57,138520,1455],{"class":938},[57,138522,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138524,64],{"class":63},[57,138526,68],{"class":67},[57,138528,32867],{"class":238},[57,138530,498],{"class":67},[57,138532,32627],{"class":238},[57,138534,68],{"class":67},[57,138536,939],{"class":938},[57,138538,1449],{"class":938},[57,138540,1081],{"class":67},[57,138542,3622],{"class":80},[57,138544,84],{"class":67},[15,138546,131],{},[48,138548,138550],{"className":50,"code":138549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[19,138551,138552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138553,138554,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566,138569,138571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138555,2015],{"class":67},[57,138557,1395],{"class":938},[57,138559,2195],{"class":942},[57,138561,1395],{"class":938},[57,138563,1081],{"class":67},[57,138565,1390],{"class":938},[57,138567,138568],{"class":942},"banana cherry grape",[57,138570,1395],{"class":938},[57,138572,1742],{"class":67},[43,138574,1787,138576,9848],{"id":138575},"what-split-returns",[19,138577,58703],{},[15,138579,138580,138581,138583,138584,498],{},"The result of ",[19,138582,58703],{}," is always a ",[1854,138585,6226],{},[15,138587,138588],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[15,138590,275],{},[48,138592,138594],{"className":50,"code":138593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[19,138595,138596,138609,138631,138635,138645,138659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138597,138598,138600,138602,138604,138607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138599,32846],{"class":285},[57,138601,289],{"class":76},[57,138603,1449],{"class":938},[57,138605,138606],{"class":942},"cat,dog,bird",[57,138608,1455],{"class":938},[57,138610,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138612,41002],{"class":285},[57,138614,289],{"class":76},[57,138616,41007],{"class":285},[57,138618,498],{"class":67},[57,138620,32627],{"class":238},[57,138622,68],{"class":67},[57,138624,939],{"class":938},[57,138626,1081],{"class":942},[57,138628,939],{"class":938},[57,138630,242],{"class":67},[57,138632,138633],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,138634,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,138636,138637,138639,138641,138643],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,138638,64],{"class":63},[57,138640,68],{"class":67},[57,138642,41034],{"class":238},[57,138644,242],{"class":67},[57,138646,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,138648,64],{"class":63},[57,138650,68],{"class":67},[57,138652,1315],{"class":990},[57,138654,68],{"class":67},[57,138656,41034],{"class":238},[57,138658,84],{"class":67},[57,138660,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,138662,64],{"class":63},[57,138664,68],{"class":67},[57,138666,41034],{"class":238},[57,138668,2015],{"class":67},[57,138670,182],{"class":80},[57,138672,2003],{"class":67},[15,138674,131],{},[48,138676,138678],{"className":50,"code":138677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[19,138679,138680,138708,138722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138681,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138683,2015],{"class":67},[57,138685,1395],{"class":938},[57,138687,35209],{"class":942},[57,138689,1395],{"class":938},[57,138691,1081],{"class":67},[57,138693,1390],{"class":938},[57,138695,56298],{"class":942},[57,138697,1395],{"class":938},[57,138699,1081],{"class":67},[57,138701,1390],{"class":938},[57,138703,56315],{"class":942},[57,138705,1395],{"class":938},[57,138707,1742],{"class":67},[57,138709,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138711,1384],{"class":76},[57,138713,1387],{"class":125},[57,138715,1390],{"class":938},[57,138717,6226],{"class":942},[57,138719,1395],{"class":938},[57,138721,1398],{"class":76},[57,138723,138724],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,138725,83642],{"class":285},[15,138727,138728],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[27,138730,138731,138734,138737],{},[30,138732,138733],{},"loop over it",[30,138735,138736],{},"access items by index",[30,138738,138739],{},"combine items again later",[15,138741,138742,138743,498],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[373,138744,124528,138746,8880],{"href":138745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[19,138747,131610],{},[15,138749,275],{},[48,138751,138753],{"className":50,"code":138752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[19,138754,138755,138787,138809,138813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138756,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783,138785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138758,41002],{"class":285},[57,138760,289],{"class":76},[57,138762,1729],{"class":67},[57,138764,1395],{"class":938},[57,138766,35209],{"class":942},[57,138768,1395],{"class":938},[57,138770,1081],{"class":67},[57,138772,1390],{"class":938},[57,138774,56298],{"class":942},[57,138776,1395],{"class":938},[57,138778,1081],{"class":67},[57,138780,1390],{"class":938},[57,138782,56315],{"class":942},[57,138784,1395],{"class":938},[57,138786,1742],{"class":67},[57,138788,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138790,32846],{"class":285},[57,138792,289],{"class":76},[57,138794,1449],{"class":938},[57,138796,77],{"class":942},[57,138798,939],{"class":938},[57,138800,498],{"class":67},[57,138802,131687],{"class":238},[57,138804,68],{"class":67},[57,138806,41034],{"class":238},[57,138808,242],{"class":67},[57,138810,138811],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,138812,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,138814,138815,138817,138819,138821],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,138816,64],{"class":63},[57,138818,68],{"class":67},[57,138820,32867],{"class":238},[57,138822,242],{"class":67},[15,138824,131],{},[48,138826,138828],{"className":50,"code":138827,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cat-dog-bird\n",[19,138829,138830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138831,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138833,35209],{"class":285},[57,138835,77],{"class":76},[57,138837,56298],{"class":285},[57,138839,77],{"class":76},[57,138841,138842],{"class":285},"bird\n",[43,138844,138846],{"id":138845},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[15,138848,138849],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[616,138851,138853],{"id":138852},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[48,138855,138857],{"className":50,"code":138856,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[19,138858,138859,138867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138860,138861,138863,138865],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138862,32846],{"class":285},[57,138864,289],{"class":76},[57,138866,6013],{"class":938},[57,138868,138869,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138870,64],{"class":63},[57,138872,68],{"class":67},[57,138874,32867],{"class":238},[57,138876,498],{"class":67},[57,138878,32627],{"class":238},[57,138880,5323],{"class":67},[15,138882,131],{},[48,138884,138885],{"className":50,"code":36460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,138886,138887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138888,138889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138890,36460],{"class":67},[616,138892,138894],{"id":138893},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[48,138896,138898],{"className":50,"code":138897,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[19,138899,138900,138908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138901,138902,138904,138906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138903,32846],{"class":285},[57,138905,289],{"class":76},[57,138907,6013],{"class":938},[57,138909,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138911,64],{"class":63},[57,138913,68],{"class":67},[57,138915,32867],{"class":238},[57,138917,498],{"class":67},[57,138919,32627],{"class":238},[57,138921,68],{"class":67},[57,138923,939],{"class":938},[57,138925,1081],{"class":942},[57,138927,939],{"class":938},[57,138929,84],{"class":67},[15,138931,131],{},[48,138933,138935],{"className":50,"code":138934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['']\n",[19,138936,138937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138938,138939,138941,138943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138940,2015],{"class":67},[57,138942,1885],{"class":938},[57,138944,1742],{"class":67},[616,138946,138948],{"id":138947},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[15,138950,138951],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[48,138953,138955],{"className":50,"code":138954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[19,138956,138957,138969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138958,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138960,32846],{"class":285},[57,138962,289],{"class":76},[57,138964,1449],{"class":938},[57,138966,1958],{"class":942},[57,138968,1455],{"class":938},[57,138970,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,138972,64],{"class":63},[57,138974,68],{"class":67},[57,138976,32867],{"class":238},[57,138978,498],{"class":67},[57,138980,32627],{"class":238},[57,138982,68],{"class":67},[57,138984,939],{"class":938},[57,138986,1081],{"class":942},[57,138988,939],{"class":938},[57,138990,84],{"class":67},[15,138992,131],{},[48,138994,138996],{"className":50,"code":138995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello']\n",[19,138997,138998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138999,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139001,2015],{"class":67},[57,139003,1395],{"class":938},[57,139005,1958],{"class":942},[57,139007,1395],{"class":938},[57,139009,1742],{"class":67},[43,139011,3082,139013],{"id":139012},"when-to-use-split",[19,139014,58703],{},[15,139016,154,139017,139019],{},[19,139018,58703],{}," when you need to:",[27,139021,139022,139025,139028],{},[30,139023,139024],{},"split a sentence into words",[30,139026,139027],{},"split comma-separated values",[30,139029,139030],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[15,139032,139033],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[27,139035,139036,139039,139042],{},[30,139037,139038],{},"cleaning text",[30,139040,139041],{},"parsing user input",[30,139043,139044],{},"processing simple file content",[43,139046,913],{"id":912},[15,139048,82413],{},[27,139050,139051,139055,139061,139064,139072],{},[30,139052,48674,139053,129748],{},[19,139054,58703],{},[30,139056,139057,139058,139060],{},"forgetting that ",[19,139059,58703],{}," returns a list, not a string",[30,139062,139063],{},"using the wrong separator",[30,139065,139066,139067,139069,139070],{},"assuming ",[19,139068,138006],{}," behaves the same as ",[19,139071,58703],{},[30,139073,139074],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[15,139076,139077],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[48,139079,139081],{"className":50,"code":139080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[19,139082,139083,139095,139113,139117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139084,139085,139087,139089,139091,139093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139086,32846],{"class":285},[57,139088,289],{"class":76},[57,139090,1449],{"class":938},[57,139092,40995],{"class":942},[57,139094,1455],{"class":938},[57,139096,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105,139107,139109,139111],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139098,32867],{"class":285},[57,139100,498],{"class":67},[57,139102,32627],{"class":238},[57,139104,68],{"class":67},[57,139106,939],{"class":938},[57,139108,1081],{"class":942},[57,139110,939],{"class":938},[57,139112,242],{"class":67},[57,139114,139115],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,139116,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,139118,139119,139121,139123,139125],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,139120,64],{"class":63},[57,139122,68],{"class":67},[57,139124,32867],{"class":238},[57,139126,242],{"class":67},[15,139128,131],{},[48,139130,139132],{"className":50,"code":139131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a,b,c\n",[19,139133,139134],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139135,139136,139138,139140,139142,139144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139137,373],{"class":285},[57,139139,1081],{"class":67},[57,139141,2881],{"class":285},[57,139143,1081],{"class":67},[57,139145,67419],{"class":285},[15,139147,139148],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[15,139150,8947],{},[48,139152,139153],{"className":50,"code":40982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,139154,139155,139167,139189,139193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139156,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139158,32846],{"class":285},[57,139160,289],{"class":76},[57,139162,1449],{"class":938},[57,139164,40995],{"class":942},[57,139166,1455],{"class":938},[57,139168,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139170,41002],{"class":285},[57,139172,289],{"class":76},[57,139174,41007],{"class":285},[57,139176,498],{"class":67},[57,139178,32627],{"class":238},[57,139180,68],{"class":67},[57,139182,939],{"class":938},[57,139184,1081],{"class":942},[57,139186,939],{"class":938},[57,139188,242],{"class":67},[57,139190,139191],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,139192,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,139194,139195,139197,139199,139201],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,139196,64],{"class":63},[57,139198,68],{"class":67},[57,139200,41034],{"class":238},[57,139202,242],{"class":67},[15,139204,131],{},[48,139206,139207],{"className":50,"code":41041,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,139208,139209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139210,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139212,2015],{"class":67},[57,139214,1395],{"class":938},[57,139216,373],{"class":942},[57,139218,1395],{"class":938},[57,139220,1081],{"class":67},[57,139222,1390],{"class":938},[57,139224,2881],{"class":942},[57,139226,1395],{"class":938},[57,139228,1081],{"class":67},[57,139230,1390],{"class":938},[57,139232,7877],{"class":942},[57,139234,1395],{"class":938},[57,139236,1742],{"class":67},[15,139238,139239],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[48,139241,139243],{"className":50,"code":139242,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[19,139244,139245,139258,139280,139284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139246,139247,139249,139251,139253,139256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139248,32846],{"class":285},[57,139250,289],{"class":76},[57,139252,1449],{"class":938},[57,139254,139255],{"class":942},"apple,banana",[57,139257,1455],{"class":938},[57,139259,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276,139278],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139261,41002],{"class":285},[57,139263,289],{"class":76},[57,139265,41007],{"class":285},[57,139267,498],{"class":67},[57,139269,32627],{"class":238},[57,139271,68],{"class":67},[57,139273,939],{"class":938},[57,139275,1081],{"class":942},[57,139277,939],{"class":938},[57,139279,242],{"class":67},[57,139281,139282],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,139283,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,139285,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,139287,64],{"class":63},[57,139289,68],{"class":67},[57,139291,41034],{"class":238},[57,139293,2015],{"class":67},[57,139295,116],{"class":80},[57,139297,2003],{"class":67},[15,139299,139300,139301,498],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[373,139302,67432],{"href":67431},[616,139304,58882],{"id":58881},[15,139306,7011,139307,139309],{},[19,139308,58703],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[48,139311,139313],{"className":50,"code":139312,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[19,139314,139315,139325,139339,139361,139387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139316,139317,139319,139321,139323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139318,64],{"class":63},[57,139320,68],{"class":67},[57,139322,32867],{"class":238},[57,139324,242],{"class":67},[57,139326,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139328,64],{"class":63},[57,139330,68],{"class":67},[57,139332,32867],{"class":238},[57,139334,498],{"class":67},[57,139336,32627],{"class":238},[57,139338,5323],{"class":67},[57,139340,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,139342,64],{"class":63},[57,139344,68],{"class":67},[57,139346,32867],{"class":238},[57,139348,498],{"class":67},[57,139350,32627],{"class":238},[57,139352,68],{"class":67},[57,139354,1395],{"class":938},[57,139356,1081],{"class":942},[57,139358,1395],{"class":938},[57,139360,84],{"class":67},[57,139362,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,139364,64],{"class":63},[57,139366,68],{"class":67},[57,139368,9302],{"class":63},[57,139370,68],{"class":67},[57,139372,32867],{"class":238},[57,139374,498],{"class":67},[57,139376,32627],{"class":238},[57,139378,68],{"class":67},[57,139380,1395],{"class":938},[57,139382,1081],{"class":942},[57,139384,1395],{"class":938},[57,139386,1001],{"class":67},[57,139388,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,139390,64],{"class":63},[57,139392,68],{"class":67},[57,139394,1315],{"class":990},[57,139396,68],{"class":67},[57,139398,32867],{"class":238},[57,139400,498],{"class":67},[57,139402,32627],{"class":238},[57,139404,68],{"class":67},[57,139406,1395],{"class":938},[57,139408,1081],{"class":942},[57,139410,1395],{"class":938},[57,139412,1001],{"class":67},[15,139414,9311],{},[27,139416,139417,139420,139423,139426],{},[30,139418,139419],{},"what the original string looks like",[30,139421,139422],{},"which separator works",[30,139424,139425],{},"how many items were created",[30,139427,139428],{},"that the result is a list",[43,139430,1554],{"id":1553},[616,139432,3302,139434,2511,139436,572],{"id":139433},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[19,139435,58703],{},[19,139437,138006],{},[15,139439,139440,139442],{},[19,139441,58703],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[15,139444,139445,139447],{},[19,139446,138006],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[616,139449,10848,139451,122855],{"id":139450},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[19,139452,58703],{},[15,139454,139455,139456,54649],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[19,139457,58703],{},[616,139459,3264,139461,38124],{"id":139460},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[19,139462,137783],{},[15,139464,139465],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[616,139467,139469],{"id":139468},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[15,139471,27216,139472,139474],{},[19,139473,58703],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[43,139476,1602],{"id":1601},[27,139478,139479,139483,139489,139495,139499],{},[30,139480,139481],{},[373,139482,128133],{"href":127211},[30,139484,139485],{},[373,139486,124528,139487,8880],{"href":138745},[19,139488,131610],{},[30,139490,139491],{},[373,139492,124528,139493,8880],{"href":135098},[19,139494,39818],{},[30,139496,139497],{},[373,139498,123283],{"href":49144},[30,139500,139501],{},[373,139502,67432],{"href":67431},[1634,139504,139505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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separator",[139515],{"id":138001,"depth":103,"text":139516},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":138164,"depth":87,"text":138165},{"id":138374,"depth":87,"text":139519},"Using maxsplit",{"id":138575,"depth":87,"text":139521},"What split() returns",{"id":138845,"depth":87,"text":138846,"children":139523},[139524,139525,139526],{"id":138852,"depth":103,"text":138853},{"id":138893,"depth":103,"text":138894},{"id":138947,"depth":103,"text":138948},{"id":139012,"depth":87,"text":139528},"When to use split()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":139530},[139531],{"id":58881,"depth":103,"text":58882},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":139533},[139534,139536,139538,139540],{"id":139433,"depth":103,"text":139535},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":139450,"depth":103,"text":139537},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":139460,"depth":103,"text":139539},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":139468,"depth":103,"text":139469},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":137522,"description":139542},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":139549,"title":139550,"body":139551,"description":141494,"extension":1666,"meta":141495,"navigation":317,"path":141496,"seo":141497,"stem":141498,"__hash__":141499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":8,"value":139552,"toc":141453},[139553,139558,139563,139570,139643,139648,139653,139658,139674,139676,139746,139748,139750,139770,139772,139817,139822,139824,139922,139927,139931,139936,139940,139943,139985,139989,139992,140037,140041,140044,140094,140098,140103,140155,140157,140162,140173,140178,140258,140260,140272,140281,140288,140303,140305,140420,140426,140430,140433,140438,140580,140583,140590,140592,140596,140604,140673,140679,140728,140733,140738,140740,140760,140762,140828,140830,140834,140837,140841,140882,140884,140917,140922,140925,140952,140954,140997,141004,141009,141019,141085,141089,141097,141102,141153,141157,141160,141162,141171,141173,141223,141225,141332,141334,141339,141346,141352,141355,141386,141391,141393,141400,141408,141417,141420,141422,141450],[11,139554,121528,139556,9463],{"id":139555},"python-string-startswith-method",[19,139557,125896],{},[15,139559,121533,139560,139562],{},[19,139561,125896],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[15,139564,124594,139565,965,139567,139569],{},[19,139566,1709],{},[19,139568,1783],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[48,139571,139573],{"className":50,"code":139572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[19,139574,139575,139588,139592,139617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139576,139577,139579,139581,139583,139586],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139578,32846],{"class":285},[57,139580,289],{"class":76},[57,139582,1449],{"class":938},[57,139584,139585],{"class":942},"Python Beginner Help",[57,139587,1455],{"class":938},[57,139589,139590],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139591,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,139593,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,139595,64],{"class":63},[57,139597,68],{"class":67},[57,139599,32867],{"class":238},[57,139601,498],{"class":67},[57,139603,139604],{"class":238},"startswith",[57,139606,68],{"class":67},[57,139608,939],{"class":938},[57,139610,5426],{"class":942},[57,139612,939],{"class":938},[57,139614,3485],{"class":67},[57,139616,42021],{"class":1772},[57,139618,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139636,139638,139640],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,139620,64],{"class":63},[57,139622,68],{"class":67},[57,139624,32867],{"class":238},[57,139626,498],{"class":67},[57,139628,139604],{"class":238},[57,139630,68],{"class":67},[57,139632,939],{"class":938},[57,139634,139635],{"class":942},"Beginner",[57,139637,939],{"class":938},[57,139639,3485],{"class":67},[57,139641,139642],{"class":1772}," # False\n",[15,139644,154,139645,139647],{},[19,139646,125896],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[43,139649,1787,139651,1790],{"id":139650},"what-startswith-does",[19,139652,125896],{},[15,139654,139655,139657],{},[19,139656,125896],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[27,139659,139660,139663,139669,139671],{},[30,139661,139662],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[30,139664,3270,139665,965,139667],{},[19,139666,1709],{},[19,139668,1783],{},[30,139670,121671],{},[30,139672,139673],{},"It works only on strings",[15,139675,275],{},[48,139677,139679],{"className":50,"code":139678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[19,139680,139681,139693,139697,139722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139682,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139684,6008],{"class":285},[57,139686,289],{"class":76},[57,139688,1449],{"class":938},[57,139690,5426],{"class":942},[57,139692,1455],{"class":938},[57,139694,139695],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139696,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,139698,139699,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139716,139718,139720],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,139700,64],{"class":63},[57,139702,68],{"class":67},[57,139704,5798],{"class":238},[57,139706,498],{"class":67},[57,139708,139604],{"class":238},[57,139710,68],{"class":67},[57,139712,939],{"class":938},[57,139714,139715],{"class":942},"Py",[57,139717,939],{"class":938},[57,139719,3485],{"class":67},[57,139721,42021],{"class":1772},[57,139723,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,139725,64],{"class":63},[57,139727,68],{"class":67},[57,139729,5798],{"class":238},[57,139731,498],{"class":67},[57,139733,139604],{"class":238},[57,139735,68],{"class":67},[57,139737,939],{"class":938},[57,139739,126974],{"class":942},[57,139741,939],{"class":938},[57,139743,3485],{"class":67},[57,139745,42038],{"class":1772},[43,139747,221],{"id":220},[15,139749,40550],{},[48,139751,139753],{"className":50,"code":139752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[19,139754,139755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139756,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139758,59346],{"class":285},[57,139760,498],{"class":67},[57,139762,139604],{"class":238},[57,139764,68],{"class":67},[57,139766,139767],{"class":238},"prefix",[57,139769,242],{"class":67},[15,139771,28920],{},[48,139773,139775],{"className":50,"code":139774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[19,139776,139777,139795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139778,139779,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139780,59346],{"class":285},[57,139782,498],{"class":67},[57,139784,139604],{"class":238},[57,139786,68],{"class":67},[57,139788,139767],{"class":238},[57,139790,1081],{"class":67},[57,139792,34212],{"class":238},[57,139794,242],{"class":67},[57,139796,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139798,59346],{"class":285},[57,139800,498],{"class":67},[57,139802,139604],{"class":238},[57,139804,68],{"class":67},[57,139806,139767],{"class":238},[57,139808,1081],{"class":67},[57,139810,34212],{"class":238},[57,139812,1081],{"class":67},[57,139814,63213],{"class":238},[57,139816,242],{"class":67},[15,139818,18922,139819,139821],{},[19,139820,139767],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[15,139823,275],{},[48,139825,139827],{"className":50,"code":139826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[19,139828,139829,139841,139845,139870,139894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139830,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139832,32846],{"class":285},[57,139834,289],{"class":76},[57,139836,1449],{"class":938},[57,139838,58578],{"class":942},[57,139840,1455],{"class":938},[57,139842,139843],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139844,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,139846,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,139848,64],{"class":63},[57,139850,68],{"class":67},[57,139852,32867],{"class":238},[57,139854,498],{"class":67},[57,139856,139604],{"class":238},[57,139858,68],{"class":67},[57,139860,939],{"class":938},[57,139862,1958],{"class":942},[57,139864,939],{"class":938},[57,139866,3485],{"class":67},[57,139868,139869],{"class":1772},"      # True\n",[57,139871,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,139873,64],{"class":63},[57,139875,68],{"class":67},[57,139877,32867],{"class":238},[57,139879,498],{"class":67},[57,139881,139604],{"class":238},[57,139883,68],{"class":67},[57,139885,939],{"class":938},[57,139887,58763],{"class":942},[57,139889,939],{"class":938},[57,139891,3485],{"class":67},[57,139893,19352],{"class":1772},[57,139895,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,139897,64],{"class":63},[57,139899,68],{"class":67},[57,139901,32867],{"class":238},[57,139903,498],{"class":67},[57,139905,139604],{"class":238},[57,139907,68],{"class":67},[57,139909,939],{"class":938},[57,139911,58763],{"class":942},[57,139913,939],{"class":938},[57,139915,1081],{"class":67},[57,139917,35806],{"class":80},[57,139919,3485],{"class":67},[57,139921,42021],{"class":1772},[15,139923,139924,139925,498],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[373,139926,123283],{"href":49144},[43,139928,139930],{"id":139929},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[15,139932,139933,139935],{},[19,139934,125896],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[616,139937,139938],{"id":139767},[19,139939,139767],{},[15,139941,139942],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[48,139944,139946],{"className":50,"code":139945,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[19,139947,139948,139960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139949,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139951,32846],{"class":285},[57,139953,289],{"class":76},[57,139955,1449],{"class":938},[57,139957,2204],{"class":942},[57,139959,1455],{"class":938},[57,139961,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139979,139981,139983],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,139963,64],{"class":63},[57,139965,68],{"class":67},[57,139967,32867],{"class":238},[57,139969,498],{"class":67},[57,139971,139604],{"class":238},[57,139973,68],{"class":67},[57,139975,939],{"class":938},[57,139977,139978],{"class":942},"ban",[57,139980,939],{"class":938},[57,139982,3485],{"class":67},[57,139984,1773],{"class":1772},[616,139986,139987],{"id":34233},[19,139988,34233],{},[15,139990,139991],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[48,139993,139995],{"className":50,"code":139994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[19,139996,139997,140009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139998,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140000,32846],{"class":285},[57,140002,289],{"class":76},[57,140004,1449],{"class":938},[57,140006,58578],{"class":942},[57,140008,1455],{"class":938},[57,140010,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140012,64],{"class":63},[57,140014,68],{"class":67},[57,140016,32867],{"class":238},[57,140018,498],{"class":67},[57,140020,139604],{"class":238},[57,140022,68],{"class":67},[57,140024,939],{"class":938},[57,140026,58763],{"class":942},[57,140028,939],{"class":938},[57,140030,1081],{"class":67},[57,140032,35806],{"class":80},[57,140034,3485],{"class":67},[57,140036,1773],{"class":1772},[616,140038,140039],{"id":50830},[19,140040,50830],{},[15,140042,140043],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[48,140045,140047],{"className":50,"code":140046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[19,140048,140049,140061],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140050,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140052,32846],{"class":285},[57,140054,289],{"class":76},[57,140056,1449],{"class":938},[57,140058,58578],{"class":942},[57,140060,1455],{"class":938},[57,140062,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140064,64],{"class":63},[57,140066,68],{"class":67},[57,140068,32867],{"class":238},[57,140070,498],{"class":67},[57,140072,139604],{"class":238},[57,140074,68],{"class":67},[57,140076,939],{"class":938},[57,140078,140079],{"class":942},"wor",[57,140081,939],{"class":938},[57,140083,1081],{"class":67},[57,140085,35806],{"class":80},[57,140087,1081],{"class":67},[57,140089,52306],{"class":80},[57,140091,3485],{"class":67},[57,140093,1773],{"class":1772},[616,140095,140097],{"id":140096},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[15,140099,140100,140102],{},[19,140101,139767],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[48,140104,140106],{"className":50,"code":140105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[19,140107,140108,140121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140109,140110,140112,140114,140116,140119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140111,124611],{"class":285},[57,140113,289],{"class":76},[57,140115,1449],{"class":938},[57,140117,140118],{"class":942},"img_001.png",[57,140120,1455],{"class":938},[57,140122,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140140,140142,140144,140146,140149,140151,140153],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140124,64],{"class":63},[57,140126,68],{"class":67},[57,140128,124629],{"class":238},[57,140130,498],{"class":67},[57,140132,139604],{"class":238},[57,140134,3635],{"class":67},[57,140136,939],{"class":938},[57,140138,140139],{"class":942},"img_",[57,140141,939],{"class":938},[57,140143,1081],{"class":67},[57,140145,1449],{"class":938},[57,140147,140148],{"class":942},"photo_",[57,140150,939],{"class":938},[57,140152,49260],{"class":67},[57,140154,1773],{"class":1772},[43,140156,15568],{"id":15567},[15,140158,140159,140161],{},[19,140160,125896],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[27,140163,140164,140169],{},[30,140165,140166,140168],{},[19,140167,1709],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[30,140170,140171,125213],{},[19,140172,1783],{},[15,140174,140175,140176,5301],{},"This makes it useful in ",[19,140177,5126],{},[48,140179,140181],{"className":50,"code":140180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[19,140182,140183,140197,140201,140222,140237,140243],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140184,140185,140188,140190,140192,140195],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140186,140187],{"class":285},"command ",[57,140189,289],{"class":76},[57,140191,1449],{"class":938},[57,140193,140194],{"class":942},"\u002Fhelp",[57,140196,1455],{"class":938},[57,140198,140199],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140200,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140202,140203,140205,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,140204,5126],{"class":1990},[57,140206,140207],{"class":285}," command",[57,140209,498],{"class":67},[57,140211,139604],{"class":238},[57,140213,68],{"class":67},[57,140215,939],{"class":938},[57,140217,125420],{"class":942},[57,140219,939],{"class":938},[57,140221,6475],{"class":67},[57,140223,140224,140226,140228,140230,140233,140235],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,140225,6201],{"class":63},[57,140227,68],{"class":67},[57,140229,939],{"class":938},[57,140231,140232],{"class":942},"This looks like a command.",[57,140234,939],{"class":938},[57,140236,242],{"class":67},[57,140238,140239,140241],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,140240,25588],{"class":1990},[57,140242,4520],{"class":67},[57,140244,140245,140247,140249,140251,140254,140256],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,140246,6201],{"class":63},[57,140248,68],{"class":67},[57,140250,939],{"class":938},[57,140252,140253],{"class":942},"This is normal text.",[57,140255,939],{"class":938},[57,140257,242],{"class":67},[15,140259,131],{},[48,140261,140263],{"className":50,"code":140262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like a command.\n",[19,140264,140265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140266,140267,140270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140268,140269],{"class":285},"This looks like a command",[57,140271,120560],{"class":67},[43,140273,6551,140275,6840,140277,2511,140279],{"id":140274},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[19,140276,125896],{},[19,140278,34233],{},[19,140280,50830],{},[15,140282,17,140283,2511,140285,140287],{},[19,140284,34233],{},[19,140286,50830],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[27,140289,140290,140295,140300],{},[30,140291,140292,140294],{},[19,140293,34233],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[30,140296,140297,140299],{},[19,140298,50830],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[30,140301,140302],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[15,140304,275],{},[48,140306,140308],{"className":50,"code":140307,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[19,140309,140310,140322,140326,140355,140388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140311,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140313,32846],{"class":285},[57,140315,289],{"class":76},[57,140317,1449],{"class":938},[57,140319,137807],{"class":942},[57,140321,1455],{"class":938},[57,140323,140324],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140325,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140327,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,140329,64],{"class":63},[57,140331,68],{"class":67},[57,140333,32867],{"class":238},[57,140335,498],{"class":67},[57,140337,139604],{"class":238},[57,140339,68],{"class":67},[57,140341,939],{"class":938},[57,140343,77444],{"class":942},[57,140345,939],{"class":938},[57,140347,1081],{"class":67},[57,140349,536],{"class":80},[57,140351,3485],{"class":67},[57,140353,140354],{"class":1772},"        # True\n",[57,140356,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140384,140386],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,140358,64],{"class":63},[57,140360,68],{"class":67},[57,140362,32867],{"class":238},[57,140364,498],{"class":67},[57,140366,139604],{"class":238},[57,140368,68],{"class":67},[57,140370,939],{"class":938},[57,140372,132414],{"class":942},[57,140374,939],{"class":938},[57,140376,1081],{"class":67},[57,140378,4486],{"class":80},[57,140380,1081],{"class":67},[57,140382,140383],{"class":80}," 13",[57,140385,3485],{"class":67},[57,140387,1773],{"class":1772},[57,140389,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,140391,64],{"class":63},[57,140393,68],{"class":67},[57,140395,32867],{"class":238},[57,140397,498],{"class":67},[57,140399,139604],{"class":238},[57,140401,68],{"class":67},[57,140403,939],{"class":938},[57,140405,132414],{"class":942},[57,140407,939],{"class":938},[57,140409,1081],{"class":67},[57,140411,4486],{"class":80},[57,140413,1081],{"class":67},[57,140415,29099],{"class":80},[57,140417,3485],{"class":67},[57,140419,2892],{"class":1772},[15,140421,140422,140423,140425],{},"In the last example, the ",[19,140424,50830],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[43,140427,140429],{"id":140428},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[15,140431,140432],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[15,140434,140435,140436,47516],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[19,140437,39001],{},[48,140439,140441],{"className":50,"code":140440,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[19,140442,140443,140457,140471,140485,140489,140513,140517,140538,140559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140444,140445,140448,140450,140452,140455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140446,140447],{"class":285},"filename1 ",[57,140449,289],{"class":76},[57,140451,1449],{"class":938},[57,140453,140454],{"class":942},"img_101.jpg",[57,140456,1455],{"class":938},[57,140458,140459,140462,140464,140466,140469],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140460,140461],{"class":285},"filename2 ",[57,140463,289],{"class":76},[57,140465,1449],{"class":938},[57,140467,140468],{"class":942},"photo_202.jpg",[57,140470,1455],{"class":938},[57,140472,140473,140476,140478,140480,140483],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,140474,140475],{"class":285},"filename3 ",[57,140477,289],{"class":76},[57,140479,1449],{"class":938},[57,140481,140482],{"class":942},"doc_303.jpg",[57,140484,1455],{"class":938},[57,140486,140487],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,140488,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140490,140491,140493,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,140492,125823],{"class":285},[57,140494,289],{"class":76},[57,140496,7373],{"class":67},[57,140498,939],{"class":938},[57,140500,140139],{"class":942},[57,140502,939],{"class":938},[57,140504,1081],{"class":67},[57,140506,1449],{"class":938},[57,140508,140148],{"class":942},[57,140510,939],{"class":938},[57,140512,242],{"class":67},[57,140514,140515],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,140516,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140518,140519,140521,140523,140526,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,140520,64],{"class":63},[57,140522,68],{"class":67},[57,140524,140525],{"class":238},"filename1",[57,140527,498],{"class":67},[57,140529,139604],{"class":238},[57,140531,68],{"class":67},[57,140533,125875],{"class":238},[57,140535,3485],{"class":67},[57,140537,1773],{"class":1772},[57,140539,140540,140542,140544,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,140541,64],{"class":63},[57,140543,68],{"class":67},[57,140545,140546],{"class":238},"filename2",[57,140548,498],{"class":67},[57,140550,139604],{"class":238},[57,140552,68],{"class":67},[57,140554,125875],{"class":238},[57,140556,3485],{"class":67},[57,140558,1773],{"class":1772},[57,140560,140561,140563,140565,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,140562,64],{"class":63},[57,140564,68],{"class":67},[57,140566,140567],{"class":238},"filename3",[57,140569,498],{"class":67},[57,140571,139604],{"class":238},[57,140573,68],{"class":67},[57,140575,125875],{"class":238},[57,140577,3485],{"class":67},[57,140579,2892],{"class":1772},[15,140581,140582],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[15,140584,72945,140585,140589],{},[373,140586,124528,140587,8880],{"href":128122},[19,140588,124586],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[43,140591,122175],{"id":122174},[15,140593,140594,121986],{},[19,140595,125896],{},[15,140597,125573,140598,2511,140601,125580],{},[19,140599,140600],{},"\"Python\"",[19,140602,140603],{},"\"python\"",[48,140605,140607],{"className":50,"code":140606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[19,140608,140609,140621,140625,140649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140610,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140612,32846],{"class":285},[57,140614,289],{"class":76},[57,140616,1449],{"class":938},[57,140618,5426],{"class":942},[57,140620,1455],{"class":938},[57,140622,140623],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140624,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140626,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,140628,64],{"class":63},[57,140630,68],{"class":67},[57,140632,32867],{"class":238},[57,140634,498],{"class":67},[57,140636,139604],{"class":238},[57,140638,68],{"class":67},[57,140640,939],{"class":938},[57,140642,139715],{"class":942},[57,140644,939],{"class":938},[57,140646,3485],{"class":67},[57,140648,1773],{"class":1772},[57,140650,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,140652,64],{"class":63},[57,140654,68],{"class":67},[57,140656,32867],{"class":238},[57,140658,498],{"class":67},[57,140660,139604],{"class":238},[57,140662,68],{"class":67},[57,140664,939],{"class":938},[57,140666,126974],{"class":942},[57,140668,939],{"class":938},[57,140670,3485],{"class":67},[57,140672,2892],{"class":1772},[15,140674,125665,140675,498],{},[373,140676,140677],{"href":122255},[19,140678,122258],{},[48,140680,140682],{"className":50,"code":140681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[19,140683,140684,140696,140700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140685,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140687,32846],{"class":285},[57,140689,289],{"class":76},[57,140691,1449],{"class":938},[57,140693,5426],{"class":942},[57,140695,1455],{"class":938},[57,140697,140698],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140699,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140701,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710,140712,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,140703,64],{"class":63},[57,140705,68],{"class":67},[57,140707,32867],{"class":238},[57,140709,498],{"class":67},[57,140711,6775],{"class":238},[57,140713,6772],{"class":67},[57,140715,139604],{"class":238},[57,140717,68],{"class":67},[57,140719,939],{"class":938},[57,140721,126974],{"class":942},[57,140723,939],{"class":938},[57,140725,3485],{"class":67},[57,140727,1773],{"class":1772},[43,140729,3082,140731],{"id":140730},"when-to-use-startswith",[19,140732,125896],{},[15,140734,140735,140737],{},[19,140736,125896],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[15,140739,7511],{},[27,140741,140742,140745,140748,140757],{},[30,140743,140744],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[30,140746,140747],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[30,140749,140750,140751,965,140754],{},"Validating text formats like ",[19,140752,140753],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[19,140755,140756],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[30,140758,140759],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[15,140761,275],{},[48,140763,140765],{"className":50,"code":140764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[19,140766,140767,140780,140784,140813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140768,140769,140771,140773,140775,140778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140770,125391],{"class":285},[57,140772,289],{"class":76},[57,140774,1449],{"class":938},[57,140776,140777],{"class":942},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[57,140779,1455],{"class":938},[57,140781,140782],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140783,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140785,140786,140788,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,140787,5126],{"class":1990},[57,140789,140790],{"class":285}," url",[57,140792,498],{"class":67},[57,140794,139604],{"class":238},[57,140796,3635],{"class":67},[57,140798,939],{"class":938},[57,140800,140753],{"class":942},[57,140802,939],{"class":938},[57,140804,1081],{"class":67},[57,140806,1449],{"class":938},[57,140808,140756],{"class":942},[57,140810,939],{"class":938},[57,140812,67736],{"class":67},[57,140814,140815,140817,140819,140821,140824,140826],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,140816,6201],{"class":63},[57,140818,68],{"class":67},[57,140820,939],{"class":938},[57,140822,140823],{"class":942},"This looks like a web URL.",[57,140825,939],{"class":938},[57,140827,242],{"class":67},[43,140829,913],{"id":912},[15,140831,21247,140832,498],{},[19,140833,125896],{},[616,140835,136968],{"id":140836},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[15,140838,140839,121986],{},[19,140840,125896],{},[48,140842,140844],{"className":50,"code":140843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[19,140845,140846,140858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140847,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140849,32846],{"class":285},[57,140851,289],{"class":76},[57,140853,1449],{"class":938},[57,140855,5426],{"class":942},[57,140857,1455],{"class":938},[57,140859,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140861,64],{"class":63},[57,140863,68],{"class":67},[57,140865,32867],{"class":238},[57,140867,498],{"class":67},[57,140869,139604],{"class":238},[57,140871,68],{"class":67},[57,140873,939],{"class":938},[57,140875,52],{"class":942},[57,140877,939],{"class":938},[57,140879,3485],{"class":67},[57,140881,2892],{"class":1772},[15,140883,37425],{},[48,140885,140887],{"className":50,"code":140886,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[19,140888,140889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140890,140891,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140892,64],{"class":63},[57,140894,68],{"class":67},[57,140896,32867],{"class":238},[57,140898,498],{"class":67},[57,140900,6775],{"class":238},[57,140902,6772],{"class":67},[57,140904,139604],{"class":238},[57,140906,68],{"class":67},[57,140908,939],{"class":938},[57,140910,52],{"class":942},[57,140912,939],{"class":938},[57,140914,3485],{"class":67},[57,140916,1773],{"class":1772},[616,140918,27805,140920,135450],{"id":140919},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[19,140921,125896],{},[15,140923,140924],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[48,140926,140928],{"className":50,"code":140927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[19,140929,140930,140938,140942,140947],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140931,140932,140934,140936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140933,525],{"class":285},[57,140935,289],{"class":76},[57,140937,123210],{"class":80},[57,140939,140940],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140941,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,140943,140944],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,140945,140946],{"class":1772},"# This will cause an error:\n",[57,140948,140949],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,140950,140951],{"class":1772},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,140953,37425],{},[48,140955,140957],{"className":50,"code":140956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[19,140958,140959,140973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140960,140961,140963,140965,140967,140969,140971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140962,525],{"class":285},[57,140964,289],{"class":76},[57,140966,47072],{"class":990},[57,140968,68],{"class":67},[57,140970,48414],{"class":80},[57,140972,242],{"class":67},[57,140974,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,140976,64],{"class":63},[57,140978,68],{"class":67},[57,140980,552],{"class":238},[57,140982,498],{"class":67},[57,140984,139604],{"class":238},[57,140986,68],{"class":67},[57,140988,939],{"class":938},[57,140990,1078],{"class":942},[57,140992,939],{"class":938},[57,140994,3485],{"class":67},[57,140996,1773],{"class":1772},[616,140998,35366,141000,6840,141002],{"id":140999},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[19,141001,125896],{},[19,141003,1997],{},[15,141005,141006,141008],{},[19,141007,125896],{}," checks only the beginning.",[15,141010,141011,141012,141014,141015,498],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[19,141013,1997],{}," or methods like ",[373,141016,141017],{"href":122538},[19,141018,122523],{},[48,141020,141022],{"className":50,"code":141021,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[19,141023,141024,141036,141040,141064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141025,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141027,32846],{"class":285},[57,141029,289],{"class":76},[57,141031,1449],{"class":938},[57,141033,58578],{"class":942},[57,141035,1455],{"class":938},[57,141037,141038],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141039,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,141041,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,141043,64],{"class":63},[57,141045,68],{"class":67},[57,141047,32867],{"class":238},[57,141049,498],{"class":67},[57,141051,139604],{"class":238},[57,141053,68],{"class":67},[57,141055,939],{"class":938},[57,141057,58763],{"class":942},[57,141059,939],{"class":938},[57,141061,3485],{"class":67},[57,141063,2892],{"class":1772},[57,141065,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,141067,64],{"class":63},[57,141069,68],{"class":67},[57,141071,939],{"class":938},[57,141073,58763],{"class":942},[57,141075,939],{"class":938},[57,141077,19325],{"class":1990},[57,141079,41007],{"class":238},[57,141081,1769],{"class":67},[57,141083,141084],{"class":1772},"           # True\n",[15,141086,134002,141087,498],{},[373,141088,125564],{"href":121783},[616,141090,2824,141092,2511,141094,141096],{"id":141091},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[19,141093,34233],{},[19,141095,50830],{}," use index positions",[15,141098,141099,141100,498],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[19,141101,182],{},[48,141103,141105],{"className":50,"code":141104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[19,141106,141107,141120,141124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141108,141109,141111,141113,141115,141118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141110,32846],{"class":285},[57,141112,289],{"class":76},[57,141114,1449],{"class":938},[57,141116,141117],{"class":942},"abcdef",[57,141119,1455],{"class":938},[57,141121,141122],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141123,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,141125,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,141127,64],{"class":63},[57,141129,68],{"class":67},[57,141131,32867],{"class":238},[57,141133,498],{"class":67},[57,141135,139604],{"class":238},[57,141137,68],{"class":67},[57,141139,939],{"class":938},[57,141141,141142],{"class":942},"cd",[57,141144,939],{"class":938},[57,141146,1081],{"class":67},[57,141148,1084],{"class":80},[57,141150,3485],{"class":67},[57,141152,1773],{"class":1772},[616,141154,141156],{"id":141155},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[15,141158,141159],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[15,141161,14792],{},[48,141163,141165],{"className":50,"code":141164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[19,141166,141167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141168,141169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141170,141164],{"class":1772},[15,141172,14804],{},[48,141174,141176],{"className":50,"code":141175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[19,141177,141178,141190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141179,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141181,32846],{"class":285},[57,141183,289],{"class":76},[57,141185,1449],{"class":938},[57,141187,5426],{"class":942},[57,141189,1455],{"class":938},[57,141191,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214,141217,141219,141221],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141193,64],{"class":63},[57,141195,68],{"class":67},[57,141197,32867],{"class":238},[57,141199,498],{"class":67},[57,141201,139604],{"class":238},[57,141203,3635],{"class":67},[57,141205,939],{"class":938},[57,141207,139715],{"class":942},[57,141209,939],{"class":938},[57,141211,1081],{"class":67},[57,141213,1449],{"class":938},[57,141215,141216],{"class":942},"Ja",[57,141218,939],{"class":938},[57,141220,49260],{"class":67},[57,141222,1773],{"class":1772},[15,141224,30239],{},[48,141226,141228],{"className":50,"code":141227,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[19,141229,141230,141240,141254,141276,141302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141231,141232,141234,141236,141238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141233,64],{"class":63},[57,141235,68],{"class":67},[57,141237,32867],{"class":238},[57,141239,242],{"class":67},[57,141241,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141243,64],{"class":63},[57,141245,68],{"class":67},[57,141247,1315],{"class":990},[57,141249,68],{"class":67},[57,141251,32867],{"class":238},[57,141253,84],{"class":67},[57,141255,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,141257,64],{"class":63},[57,141259,68],{"class":67},[57,141261,32867],{"class":238},[57,141263,498],{"class":67},[57,141265,139604],{"class":238},[57,141267,68],{"class":67},[57,141269,939],{"class":938},[57,141271,139715],{"class":942},[57,141273,939],{"class":938},[57,141275,84],{"class":67},[57,141277,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,141279,64],{"class":63},[57,141281,68],{"class":67},[57,141283,32867],{"class":238},[57,141285,498],{"class":67},[57,141287,6775],{"class":238},[57,141289,6772],{"class":67},[57,141291,139604],{"class":238},[57,141293,68],{"class":67},[57,141295,939],{"class":938},[57,141297,126974],{"class":942},[57,141299,939],{"class":938},[57,141301,84],{"class":67},[57,141303,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,141305,64],{"class":63},[57,141307,68],{"class":67},[57,141309,32867],{"class":238},[57,141311,498],{"class":67},[57,141313,139604],{"class":238},[57,141315,3635],{"class":67},[57,141317,939],{"class":938},[57,141319,139715],{"class":942},[57,141321,939],{"class":938},[57,141323,1081],{"class":67},[57,141325,1449],{"class":938},[57,141327,141216],{"class":942},[57,141329,939],{"class":938},[57,141331,1001],{"class":67},[43,141333,1554],{"id":1553},[616,141335,10848,141337,126374],{"id":141336},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[19,141338,125896],{},[15,141340,141341,141342,965,141344,498],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[19,141343,1709],{},[19,141345,1783],{},[616,141347,3292,141349,141351],{"id":141348},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[19,141350,125896],{}," check more than one prefix?",[15,141353,141354],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[48,141356,141358],{"className":50,"code":141357,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[19,141359,141360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141361,141362,141364,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141363,32867],{"class":285},[57,141365,498],{"class":67},[57,141367,139604],{"class":238},[57,141369,3635],{"class":67},[57,141371,939],{"class":938},[57,141373,373],{"class":942},[57,141375,939],{"class":938},[57,141377,1081],{"class":67},[57,141379,1449],{"class":938},[57,141381,2881],{"class":942},[57,141383,939],{"class":938},[57,141385,84],{"class":67},[616,141387,13050,141389,122864],{"id":141388},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[19,141390,125896],{},[15,141392,128057],{},[616,141394,3302,141396,2511,141398,572],{"id":141395},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[19,141397,125896],{},[19,141399,1997],{},[15,141401,141402,141404,141405,141407],{},[19,141403,125896],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[19,141406,1997],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[616,141409,26483,141411,2511,141413,6840,141415,572],{"id":141410},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[19,141412,34233],{},[19,141414,50830],{},[19,141416,125896],{},[15,141418,141419],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[43,141421,1602],{"id":1601},[27,141423,141424,141430,141436,141442,141446],{},[30,141425,141426],{},[373,141427,124528,141428,8880],{"href":128122},[19,141429,124586],{},[30,141431,141432],{},[373,141433,124528,141434,8880],{"href":122538},[19,141435,122523],{},[30,141437,141438],{},[373,141439,124528,141440,8880],{"href":122255},[19,141441,122258],{},[30,141443,141444],{},[373,141445,122927],{"href":121783},[30,141447,141448],{},[373,141449,123283],{"href":49144},[1634,141451,141452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":141454},[141455,141457,141458,141464,141465,141467,141468,141469,141471,141481,141493],{"id":139650,"depth":87,"text":141456},"What startswith() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":139929,"depth":87,"text":139930,"children":141459},[141460,141461,141462,141463],{"id":139767,"depth":103,"text":139767},{"id":34233,"depth":103,"text":34233},{"id":50830,"depth":103,"text":50830},{"id":140096,"depth":103,"text":140097},{"id":15567,"depth":87,"text":15568},{"id":140274,"depth":87,"text":141466},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":140428,"depth":87,"text":140429},{"id":122174,"depth":87,"text":122175},{"id":140730,"depth":87,"text":141470},"When to use startswith()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":141472},[141473,141474,141476,141478,141480],{"id":140836,"depth":103,"text":136968},{"id":140919,"depth":103,"text":141475},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":140999,"depth":103,"text":141477},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":141091,"depth":103,"text":141479},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":141155,"depth":103,"text":141156},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":141482},[141483,141485,141487,141489,141491],{"id":141336,"depth":103,"text":141484},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":141348,"depth":103,"text":141486},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":141388,"depth":103,"text":141488},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":141395,"depth":103,"text":141490},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":141410,"depth":103,"text":141492},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":139550,"description":141494},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":141501,"title":141502,"body":141503,"description":142957,"extension":1666,"meta":142958,"navigation":317,"path":142959,"seo":142960,"stem":142961,"__hash__":142962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":8,"value":141504,"toc":142927},[141505,141510,141515,141518,141520,141564,141566,141574,141579,141584,141589,141591,141609,141611,141657,141659,141673,141682,141686,141688,141690,141702,141707,141710,141742,141744,141753,141758,141761,141802,141804,141812,141814,141827,141833,141837,141840,141856,141858,141907,141909,141918,141921,141980,141982,141991,141998,142001,142054,142056,142080,142087,142093,142097,142103,142106,142117,142119,142159,142161,142169,142171,142211,142213,142222,142224,142242,142245,142252,142263,142266,142283,142285,142362,142364,142395,142398,142400,142403,142429,142431,142471,142473,142482,142492,142500,142508,142513,142518,142520,142534,142536,142587,142589,142598,142608,142610,142612,142634,142637,142716,142718,142754,142757,142832,142837,142839,142845,142850,142855,142858,142864,142867,142874,142882,142886,142894,142896,142924],[11,141506,121528,141508,9463],{"id":141507},"python-string-strip-method",[19,141509,39818],{},[15,141511,30474,141512,141514],{},[19,141513,39818],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[15,141516,141517],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[43,141519,1714],{"id":1713},[48,141521,141523],{"className":50,"code":141522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[19,141524,141525,141538,141553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141526,141527,141529,141531,141533,141536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141528,32846],{"class":285},[57,141530,289],{"class":76},[57,141532,1449],{"class":938},[57,141534,141535],{"class":942},"  hello  ",[57,141537,1455],{"class":938},[57,141539,141540,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141541,141542],{"class":285},"clean_text ",[57,141544,289],{"class":76},[57,141546,41007],{"class":285},[57,141548,498],{"class":67},[57,141550,6769],{"class":238},[57,141552,6778],{"class":67},[57,141554,141555,141557,141559,141562],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,141556,64],{"class":63},[57,141558,68],{"class":67},[57,141560,141561],{"class":238},"clean_text",[57,141563,242],{"class":67},[15,141565,131],{},[48,141567,141568],{"className":50,"code":136843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,141569,141570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141571,141572],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141573,136843],{"class":285},[15,141575,154,141576,141578],{},[19,141577,39818],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[43,141580,1787,141582,1790],{"id":141581},"what-strip-does",[19,141583,39818],{},[15,141585,141586,141588],{},[19,141587,39818],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[15,141590,11197],{},[27,141592,141593,141597,141600,141603,141606],{},[30,141594,141595,129878],{},[19,141596,39818],{},[30,141598,141599],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[30,141601,141602],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[30,141604,141605],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[30,141607,141608],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[15,141610,275],{},[48,141612,141614],{"className":50,"code":141613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[19,141615,141616,141629,141633,141647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141617,141618,141620,141622,141624,141627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141619,32846],{"class":285},[57,141621,289],{"class":76},[57,141623,1449],{"class":938},[57,141625,141626],{"class":942},"  hello world  ",[57,141628,1455],{"class":938},[57,141630,141631],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141632,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,141634,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,141636,64],{"class":63},[57,141638,68],{"class":67},[57,141640,32867],{"class":238},[57,141642,498],{"class":67},[57,141644,6769],{"class":238},[57,141646,5323],{"class":67},[57,141648,141649,141651,141653,141655],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,141650,64],{"class":63},[57,141652,68],{"class":67},[57,141654,32867],{"class":238},[57,141656,242],{"class":67},[15,141658,131],{},[48,141660,141662],{"className":50,"code":141661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[19,141663,141664,141668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141665,141666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141667,132544],{"class":285},[57,141669,141670],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141671,141672],{"class":285},"  hello world\n",[15,141674,141675,141676,141678,141679,141681],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[19,141677,39818],{},", but the original ",[19,141680,32867],{}," value is unchanged.",[15,141683,123280,141684,498],{},[373,141685,123283],{"href":49144},[43,141687,221],{"id":220},[15,141689,24641],{},[27,141691,141692,141697],{},[30,141693,141694],{},[19,141695,141696],{},"string.strip()",[30,141698,141699],{},[19,141700,141701],{},"string.strip(chars)",[616,141703,141705],{"id":141704},"stringstrip",[19,141706,141696],{},[15,141708,141709],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[48,141711,141713],{"className":50,"code":141712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[19,141714,141715,141728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141716,141717,141719,141721,141723,141726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141718,6008],{"class":285},[57,141720,289],{"class":76},[57,141722,1449],{"class":938},[57,141724,141725],{"class":942},"  Alice  ",[57,141727,1455],{"class":938},[57,141729,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141731,64],{"class":63},[57,141733,68],{"class":67},[57,141735,5798],{"class":238},[57,141737,498],{"class":67},[57,141739,6769],{"class":238},[57,141741,5323],{"class":67},[15,141743,131],{},[48,141745,141747],{"className":50,"code":141746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Alice\n",[19,141748,141749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141750,141751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141752,141746],{"class":285},[616,141754,141756],{"id":141755},"stringstripchars",[19,141757,141701],{},[15,141759,141760],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[48,141762,141764],{"className":50,"code":141763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[19,141765,141766,141779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141767,141768,141770,141772,141774,141777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141769,32846],{"class":285},[57,141771,289],{"class":76},[57,141773,1449],{"class":938},[57,141775,141776],{"class":942},"!!hello??",[57,141778,1455],{"class":938},[57,141780,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141798,141800],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141782,64],{"class":63},[57,141784,68],{"class":67},[57,141786,32867],{"class":238},[57,141788,498],{"class":67},[57,141790,6769],{"class":238},[57,141792,68],{"class":67},[57,141794,939],{"class":938},[57,141796,141797],{"class":942},"!?",[57,141799,939],{"class":938},[57,141801,84],{"class":67},[15,141803,131],{},[48,141805,141806],{"className":50,"code":136843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,141807,141808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141809,141810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141811,136843],{"class":285},[15,141813,81994],{},[27,141815,141816,141821],{},[30,141817,141818,141820],{},[19,141819,132787],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[30,141822,141823,141824,141826],{},"The order of characters in ",[19,141825,132787],{}," does not matter",[43,141828,141830,141831],{"id":141829},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[19,141832,39818],{},[15,141834,29041,141835,498],{},[19,141836,39818],{},[15,141838,141839],{},"It is useful for:",[27,141841,141842,141847,141850,141853],{},[30,141843,141844,141845,2000],{},"Cleaning ",[19,141846,1047],{},[30,141848,141849],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[30,141851,141852],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[30,141854,141855],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[15,141857,46529],{},[48,141859,141861],{"className":50,"code":141860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[19,141862,141863,141876,141892,141896],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141864,141865,141867,141869,141871,141874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141866,6093],{"class":285},[57,141868,289],{"class":76},[57,141870,1449],{"class":938},[57,141872,141873],{"class":942},"  sam  ",[57,141875,1455],{"class":938},[57,141877,141878,141881,141883,141886,141888,141890],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141879,141880],{"class":285},"clean_username ",[57,141882,289],{"class":76},[57,141884,141885],{"class":285}," username",[57,141887,498],{"class":67},[57,141889,6769],{"class":238},[57,141891,6778],{"class":67},[57,141893,141894],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,141895,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,141897,141898,141900,141902,141905],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,141899,64],{"class":63},[57,141901,68],{"class":67},[57,141903,141904],{"class":238},"clean_username",[57,141906,242],{"class":67},[15,141908,131],{},[48,141910,141912],{"className":50,"code":141911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sam\n",[19,141913,141914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141915,141916],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141917,141911],{"class":285},[15,141919,141920],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[48,141922,141924],{"className":50,"code":141923,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[19,141925,141926,141939,141943,141965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141927,141928,141930,141932,141934,141937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141929,134771],{"class":285},[57,141931,289],{"class":76},[57,141933,1449],{"class":938},[57,141935,141936],{"class":942}," yes  ",[57,141938,1455],{"class":938},[57,141940,141941],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,141942,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,141944,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,141946,5126],{"class":1990},[57,141948,134791],{"class":285},[57,141950,498],{"class":67},[57,141952,6769],{"class":238},[57,141954,5495],{"class":67},[57,141956,4535],{"class":76},[57,141958,1449],{"class":938},[57,141960,6793],{"class":942},[57,141962,939],{"class":938},[57,141964,4520],{"class":67},[57,141966,141967,141969,141971,141973,141976,141978],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,141968,6201],{"class":63},[57,141970,68],{"class":67},[57,141972,939],{"class":938},[57,141974,141975],{"class":942},"Matched",[57,141977,939],{"class":938},[57,141979,242],{"class":67},[15,141981,131],{},[48,141983,141985],{"className":50,"code":141984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Matched\n",[19,141986,141987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141988,141989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141990,141984],{"class":285},[15,141992,141993,141994,498],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[373,141995,141997],{"href":141996},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[15,141999,142000],{},"Example with file-style text:",[48,142002,142004],{"className":50,"code":142003,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[19,142005,142006,142022,142036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142007,142008,142011,142013,142015,142018,142020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142009,142010],{"class":285},"line ",[57,142012,289],{"class":76},[57,142014,1449],{"class":938},[57,142016,142017],{"class":942},"Python basics",[57,142019,85326],{"class":32611},[57,142021,1455],{"class":938},[57,142023,142024,142026,142028,142030,142032,142034],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142025,64],{"class":63},[57,142027,68],{"class":67},[57,142029,39944],{"class":63},[57,142031,68],{"class":67},[57,142033,59],{"class":238},[57,142035,84],{"class":67},[57,142037,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,142039,64],{"class":63},[57,142041,68],{"class":67},[57,142043,39944],{"class":63},[57,142045,68],{"class":67},[57,142047,59],{"class":238},[57,142049,498],{"class":67},[57,142051,6769],{"class":238},[57,142053,4416],{"class":67},[15,142055,131],{},[48,142057,142059],{"className":50,"code":142058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[19,142060,142061,142072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142062,142063,142065,142067,142070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142064,1395],{"class":41494},[57,142066,142017],{"class":41498},[57,142068,85326],{"class":142069},"sfi6f",[57,142071,27855],{"class":41494},[57,142073,142074,142076,142078],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142075,1395],{"class":41494},[57,142077,142017],{"class":41498},[57,142079,27855],{"class":41494},[15,142081,6551,142082,142084,142085,498],{},[19,142083,120742],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[19,142086,85326],{},[15,142088,142089,142090,498],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[373,142091,142092],{"href":85979},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[43,142094,142096],{"id":142095},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[15,142098,142099,142100,498],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[19,142101,142102],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[15,142104,142105],{},"Python will:",[27,142107,142108,142111,142114],{},[30,142109,142110],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[30,142112,142113],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[30,142115,142116],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[15,142118,275],{},[48,142120,142122],{"className":50,"code":142121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[19,142123,142124,142137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142125,142126,142128,142130,142132,142135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142127,32846],{"class":285},[57,142129,289],{"class":76},[57,142131,1449],{"class":938},[57,142133,142134],{"class":942},"??hello!!",[57,142136,1455],{"class":938},[57,142138,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142140,64],{"class":63},[57,142142,68],{"class":67},[57,142144,32867],{"class":238},[57,142146,498],{"class":67},[57,142148,6769],{"class":238},[57,142150,68],{"class":67},[57,142152,939],{"class":938},[57,142154,141797],{"class":942},[57,142156,939],{"class":938},[57,142158,84],{"class":67},[15,142160,131],{},[48,142162,142163],{"className":50,"code":136843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,142164,142165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142166,142167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142168,136843],{"class":285},[15,142170,50249],{},[48,142172,142174],{"className":50,"code":142173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[19,142175,142176,142189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142177,142178,142180,142182,142184,142187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142179,32846],{"class":285},[57,142181,289],{"class":76},[57,142183,1449],{"class":938},[57,142185,142186],{"class":942},"abcHelloCba",[57,142188,1455],{"class":938},[57,142190,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142192,64],{"class":63},[57,142194,68],{"class":67},[57,142196,32867],{"class":238},[57,142198,498],{"class":67},[57,142200,6769],{"class":238},[57,142202,68],{"class":67},[57,142204,939],{"class":938},[57,142206,39725],{"class":942},[57,142208,939],{"class":938},[57,142210,84],{"class":67},[15,142212,131],{},[48,142214,142216],{"className":50,"code":142215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloC\n",[19,142217,142218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142219,142220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142221,142215],{"class":285},[15,142223,4361],{},[15,142225,142226,12200,142229,142231,142232,142234,142235,256,142237,260,142239,142241],{},[19,142227,142228],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[1854,142230,2750],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[19,142233,39725],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[19,142236,373],{},[19,142238,2881],{},[19,142240,7877],{}," characters from both ends”.",[15,142243,142244],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[15,142246,142247,142248,4759],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[373,142249,142250],{"href":128109},[19,142251,122699],{},[43,142253,142255,8724,142257,8724,142260],{"id":142254},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[19,142256,39818],{},[19,142258,142259],{},"lstrip()",[19,142261,142262],{},"rstrip()",[15,142264,142265],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[27,142267,142268,142273,142278],{},[30,142269,142270,142272],{},[19,142271,39818],{}," removes from both ends",[30,142274,142275,142277],{},[19,142276,142259],{}," removes from the left side only",[30,142279,142280,142282],{},[19,142281,142262],{}," removes from the right side only",[15,142284,275],{},[48,142286,142288],{"className":50,"code":142287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[19,142289,142290,142302,142306,142324,142343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142291,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142293,32846],{"class":285},[57,142295,289],{"class":76},[57,142297,1449],{"class":938},[57,142299,141535],{"class":942},[57,142301,1455],{"class":938},[57,142303,142304],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142305,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,142307,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,142309,64],{"class":63},[57,142311,68],{"class":67},[57,142313,39944],{"class":63},[57,142315,68],{"class":67},[57,142317,32867],{"class":238},[57,142319,498],{"class":67},[57,142321,6769],{"class":238},[57,142323,4416],{"class":67},[57,142325,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142341],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,142327,64],{"class":63},[57,142329,68],{"class":67},[57,142331,39944],{"class":63},[57,142333,68],{"class":67},[57,142335,32867],{"class":238},[57,142337,498],{"class":67},[57,142339,142340],{"class":238},"lstrip",[57,142342,4416],{"class":67},[57,142344,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142360],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,142346,64],{"class":63},[57,142348,68],{"class":67},[57,142350,39944],{"class":63},[57,142352,68],{"class":67},[57,142354,32867],{"class":238},[57,142356,498],{"class":67},[57,142358,142359],{"class":238},"rstrip",[57,142361,4416],{"class":67},[15,142363,131],{},[48,142365,142367],{"className":50,"code":142366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[19,142368,142369,142377,142386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142370,142371,142373,142375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142372,1395],{"class":41494},[57,142374,1958],{"class":41498},[57,142376,27855],{"class":41494},[57,142378,142379,142381,142384],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142380,1395],{"class":41494},[57,142382,142383],{"class":41498},"hello  ",[57,142385,27855],{"class":41494},[57,142387,142388,142390,142393],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,142389,1395],{"class":41494},[57,142391,142392],{"class":41498},"  hello",[57,142394,27855],{"class":41494},[15,142396,142397],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[43,142399,106536],{"id":106535},[15,142401,142402],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[27,142404,142405,142413,142423,142426],{},[30,142406,142407,142409,142410,142412],{},[19,142408,142228],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[19,142411,39694],{}," once",[30,142414,142415,142416,256,142418,260,142420,142422],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[19,142417,373],{},[19,142419,2881],{},[19,142421,7877],{}," from both ends",[30,142424,142425],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[30,142427,142428],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[15,142430,275],{},[48,142432,142434],{"className":50,"code":142433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[19,142435,142436,142449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142437,142438,142440,142442,142444,142447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142439,124611],{"class":285},[57,142441,289],{"class":76},[57,142443,1449],{"class":938},[57,142445,142446],{"class":942},"txt_report.txt",[57,142448,1455],{"class":938},[57,142450,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142452,64],{"class":63},[57,142454,68],{"class":67},[57,142456,124629],{"class":238},[57,142458,498],{"class":67},[57,142460,6769],{"class":238},[57,142462,68],{"class":67},[57,142464,939],{"class":938},[57,142466,124664],{"class":942},[57,142468,939],{"class":938},[57,142470,84],{"class":67},[15,142472,131],{},[48,142474,142476],{"className":50,"code":142475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"_report\n",[19,142477,142478],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142479,142480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142481,142475],{"class":285},[15,142483,142484,142485,256,142487,260,142489,142491],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[19,142486,498],{},[19,142488,61459],{},[19,142490,239],{}," characters from both ends.",[15,142493,51823,142494,2904,142497,142499],{},[19,142495,142496],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[1854,142498,2750],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[15,142501,142502,142503,142507],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[373,142504,142505],{"href":128109},[19,142506,122699],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[43,142509,3082,142511],{"id":142510},"when-to-use-strip",[19,142512,39818],{},[15,142514,154,142515,142517],{},[19,142516,39818],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[15,142519,34587],{},[27,142521,142522,142526,142528,142531],{},[30,142523,141844,142524,2000],{},[19,142525,1047],{},[30,142527,141849],{},[30,142529,142530],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[30,142532,142533],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[15,142535,275],{},[48,142537,142539],{"className":50,"code":142538,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[19,142540,142541,142555,142559,142572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142542,142543,142546,142548,142550,142553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142544,142545],{"class":285},"email ",[57,142547,289],{"class":76},[57,142549,1449],{"class":938},[57,142551,142552],{"class":942},"  user@example.com  ",[57,142554,1455],{"class":938},[57,142556,142557],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142558,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,142560,142561,142563,142566,142568,142570],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,142562,5126],{"class":1990},[57,142564,142565],{"class":285}," email",[57,142567,498],{"class":67},[57,142569,6769],{"class":238},[57,142571,19747],{"class":67},[57,142573,142574,142576,142578,142580,142583,142585],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,142575,6201],{"class":63},[57,142577,68],{"class":67},[57,142579,939],{"class":938},[57,142581,142582],{"class":942},"Email was entered",[57,142584,939],{"class":938},[57,142586,242],{"class":67},[15,142588,131],{},[48,142590,142592],{"className":50,"code":142591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Email was entered\n",[19,142593,142594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142595,142596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142597,142591],{"class":285},[15,142599,142600,142601,142603,142604,498],{},"You may also combine ",[19,142602,39818],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[373,142605,142606],{"href":122255},[19,142607,122258],{},[43,142609,913],{"id":912},[15,142611,82413],{},[27,142613,142614,142618,142623,142628],{},[30,142615,6587,142616,129748],{},[19,142617,39818],{},[30,142619,6587,142620,142622],{},[19,142621,39818],{}," to remove text from the middle",[30,142624,6551,142625,142627],{},[19,142626,142496],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[30,142629,2824,142630,142633],{},[19,142631,142632],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[15,142635,142636],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[48,142638,142640],{"className":50,"code":142639,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[19,142641,142642,142656,142660,142670,142684,142698],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142643,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142645,32846],{"class":285},[57,142647,289],{"class":76},[57,142649,1449],{"class":938},[57,142651,142392],{"class":942},[57,142653,85326],{"class":32611},[57,142655,1455],{"class":938},[57,142657,142658],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142659,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,142661,142662,142664,142666,142668],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,142663,64],{"class":63},[57,142665,68],{"class":67},[57,142667,32867],{"class":238},[57,142669,242],{"class":67},[57,142671,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680,142682],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,142673,64],{"class":63},[57,142675,68],{"class":67},[57,142677,39944],{"class":63},[57,142679,68],{"class":67},[57,142681,32867],{"class":238},[57,142683,84],{"class":67},[57,142685,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,142687,64],{"class":63},[57,142689,68],{"class":67},[57,142691,32867],{"class":238},[57,142693,498],{"class":67},[57,142695,6769],{"class":238},[57,142697,5323],{"class":67},[57,142699,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,142701,64],{"class":63},[57,142703,68],{"class":67},[57,142705,39944],{"class":63},[57,142707,68],{"class":67},[57,142709,32867],{"class":238},[57,142711,498],{"class":67},[57,142713,6769],{"class":238},[57,142715,4416],{"class":67},[15,142717,131],{},[48,142719,142721],{"className":50,"code":142720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[19,142722,142723,142728,142732,142742,142746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142724,142725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142726,142727],{"class":285},"  hello\n",[57,142729,142730],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142731,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,142733,142734,142736,142738,142740],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,142735,1395],{"class":41494},[57,142737,142392],{"class":41498},[57,142739,85326],{"class":142069},[57,142741,27855],{"class":41494},[57,142743,142744],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,142745,136843],{"class":285},[57,142747,142748,142750,142752],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,142749,1395],{"class":41494},[57,142751,1958],{"class":41498},[57,142753,27855],{"class":41494},[15,142755,142756],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[48,142758,142760],{"className":50,"code":142759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[19,142761,142762,142772,142786,142800,142818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142763,142764,142766,142768,142770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142765,64],{"class":63},[57,142767,68],{"class":67},[57,142769,32867],{"class":238},[57,142771,242],{"class":67},[57,142773,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,142775,64],{"class":63},[57,142777,68],{"class":67},[57,142779,39944],{"class":63},[57,142781,68],{"class":67},[57,142783,32867],{"class":238},[57,142785,84],{"class":67},[57,142787,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,142789,64],{"class":63},[57,142791,68],{"class":67},[57,142793,32867],{"class":238},[57,142795,498],{"class":67},[57,142797,6769],{"class":238},[57,142799,5323],{"class":67},[57,142801,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,142803,64],{"class":63},[57,142805,68],{"class":67},[57,142807,39944],{"class":63},[57,142809,68],{"class":67},[57,142811,32867],{"class":238},[57,142813,498],{"class":67},[57,142815,6769],{"class":238},[57,142817,4416],{"class":67},[57,142819,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,142821,30309],{"class":63},[57,142823,68],{"class":67},[57,142825,1541],{"class":990},[57,142827,498],{"class":67},[57,142829,6769],{"class":22903},[57,142831,242],{"class":67},[15,142833,142834,142836],{},[19,142835,120742],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[43,142838,1554],{"id":1553},[616,142840,10848,142842,142844],{"id":142841},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[19,142843,39818],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[15,142846,44532,142847,142849],{},[19,142848,39818],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[616,142851,10848,142853,122855],{"id":142852},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[19,142854,39818],{},[15,142856,142857],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[616,142859,3264,142861,142863],{"id":142860},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[19,142862,39818],{}," remove by default?",[15,142865,142866],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[616,142868,32363,142870,32366,142872,572],{"id":142869},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[19,142871,39818],{},[19,142873,122699],{},[15,142875,142876,142878,142879,142881],{},[19,142877,39818],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[19,142880,122699],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[616,142883,142885],{"id":142884},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[15,142887,126401,142888,142890,142891,142893],{},[19,142889,142259],{}," for the left side and ",[19,142892,142262],{}," for the right side.",[43,142895,1602],{"id":1601},[27,142897,142898,142904,142910,142915,142920],{},[30,142899,142900],{},[373,142901,124528,142902,8880],{"href":122255},[19,142903,122258],{},[30,142905,142906],{},[373,142907,124528,142908,8880],{"href":128109},[19,142909,122699],{},[30,142911,142912],{},[373,142913,142914],{"href":141996},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[30,142916,142917],{},[373,142918,142919],{"href":85979},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[30,142921,142922],{},[373,142923,123283],{"href":49144},[1634,142925,142926],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":142928},[142929,142930,142932,142936,142938,142939,142941,142942,142944,142945,142956],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":141581,"depth":87,"text":142931},"What strip() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":142933},[142934,142935],{"id":141704,"depth":103,"text":141696},{"id":141755,"depth":103,"text":141701},{"id":141829,"depth":87,"text":142937},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":142095,"depth":87,"text":142096},{"id":142254,"depth":87,"text":142940},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":106535,"depth":87,"text":106536},{"id":142510,"depth":87,"text":142943},"When to use strip()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":142946},[142947,142949,142951,142953,142955],{"id":142841,"depth":103,"text":142948},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":142852,"depth":103,"text":142950},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":142860,"depth":103,"text":142952},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":142869,"depth":103,"text":142954},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":142884,"depth":103,"text":142885},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":141502,"description":142957},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":142964,"title":142965,"body":142966,"description":144146,"extension":1666,"meta":144147,"navigation":317,"path":144148,"seo":144149,"stem":144150,"__hash__":144151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":8,"value":142967,"toc":144116},[142968,142973,142978,142983,142985,143031,143039,143044,143058,143064,143066,143068,143083,143085,143095,143098,143129,143132,143155,143157,143160,143217,143219,143233,143235,143249,143255,143260,143263,143304,143306,143315,143323,143326,143371,143373,143382,143385,143389,143394,143408,143410,143442,143444,143464,143467,143472,143477,143479,143490,143493,143550,143552,143560,143569,143571,143573,143579,143581,143618,143620,143628,143630,143671,143673,143682,143687,143692,143694,143721,143728,143731,143762,143764,143773,143779,143788,143819,143821,143833,143846,143850,143855,143885,143887,143954,143956,143966,143968,143973,143976,143981,143986,143990,143996,144002,144005,144007,144065,144067,144075,144077,144113],[11,142969,121528,142971,9463],{"id":142970},"python-string-upper-method",[19,142972,126406],{},[15,142974,121533,142975,142977],{},[19,142976,126406],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[15,142979,82790,142980,142982],{},[19,142981,126406],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[43,142984,46],{"id":45},[48,142986,142988],{"className":50,"code":142987,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[19,142989,142990,143002,143016,143026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142991,142992,142994,142996,142998,143000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142993,32846],{"class":285},[57,142995,289],{"class":76},[57,142997,1449],{"class":938},[57,142999,127247],{"class":942},[57,143001,1455],{"class":938},[57,143003,143004,143006,143008,143010,143012,143014],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143005,300],{"class":285},[57,143007,289],{"class":76},[57,143009,41007],{"class":285},[57,143011,498],{"class":67},[57,143013,32636],{"class":238},[57,143015,6778],{"class":67},[57,143017,143018,143020,143022,143024],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143019,64],{"class":63},[57,143021,68],{"class":67},[57,143023,339],{"class":238},[57,143025,242],{"class":67},[57,143027,143028],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,143029,143030],{"class":1772},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,143032,143033,143035,143036,143038],{},[19,143034,126406],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[1854,143037,2750],{}," change the original string in place.",[43,143040,1787,143042,1790],{"id":143041},"what-upper-does",[19,143043,126406],{},[27,143045,143046,143051,143054,143056],{},[30,143047,143048,143050],{},[19,143049,126406],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[30,143052,143053],{},"It works on string values only",[30,143055,131776],{},[30,143057,134494],{},[15,143059,123280,143060,965,143062,498],{},[373,143061,134500],{"href":134499},[373,143063,123283],{"href":49144},[43,143065,221],{"id":220},[15,143067,224],{},[48,143069,143071],{"className":50,"code":143070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.upper()\n",[19,143072,143073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143074,143075,143077,143079,143081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143076,59346],{"class":285},[57,143078,498],{"class":67},[57,143080,32636],{"class":238},[57,143082,6778],{"class":67},[15,143084,9600],{},[27,143086,143087,143089,143092],{},[30,143088,95701],{},[30,143090,143091],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[30,143093,143094],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[15,143096,143097],{},"Example with a variable:",[48,143099,143101],{"className":50,"code":143100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[19,143102,143103,143115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143104,143105,143107,143109,143111,143113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143106,6008],{"class":285},[57,143108,289],{"class":76},[57,143110,1449],{"class":938},[57,143112,52],{"class":942},[57,143114,1455],{"class":938},[57,143116,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143118,64],{"class":63},[57,143120,68],{"class":67},[57,143122,5798],{"class":238},[57,143124,498],{"class":67},[57,143126,32636],{"class":238},[57,143128,5323],{"class":67},[15,143130,143131],{},"Example with a string literal:",[48,143133,143135],{"className":50,"code":143134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[19,143136,143137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143138,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143140,64],{"class":63},[57,143142,68],{"class":67},[57,143144,939],{"class":938},[57,143146,1958],{"class":942},[57,143148,939],{"class":938},[57,143150,498],{"class":67},[57,143152,32636],{"class":238},[57,143154,5323],{"class":67},[43,143156,9617],{"id":9616},[15,143158,143159],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[48,143161,143163],{"className":50,"code":143162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[19,143164,143165,143177,143192,143196,143206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143166,143167,143169,143171,143173,143175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143168,4280],{"class":285},[57,143170,289],{"class":76},[57,143172,1449],{"class":938},[57,143174,2204],{"class":942},[57,143176,1455],{"class":938},[57,143178,143179,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143180,143181],{"class":285},"uppercase_word ",[57,143183,289],{"class":76},[57,143185,36544],{"class":285},[57,143187,498],{"class":67},[57,143189,32636],{"class":238},[57,143191,6778],{"class":67},[57,143193,143194],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143195,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,143197,143198,143200,143202,143204],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,143199,64],{"class":63},[57,143201,68],{"class":67},[57,143203,36554],{"class":238},[57,143205,242],{"class":67},[57,143207,143208,143210,143212,143215],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,143209,64],{"class":63},[57,143211,68],{"class":67},[57,143213,143214],{"class":238},"uppercase_word",[57,143216,242],{"class":67},[15,143218,131],{},[48,143220,143222],{"className":50,"code":143221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\nBANANA\n",[19,143223,143224,143228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143225,143226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143227,68579],{"class":285},[57,143229,143230],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143231,143232],{"class":32611},"BANANA\n",[15,143234,110642],{},[27,143236,143237,143242],{},[30,143238,143239,143241],{},[19,143240,36554],{}," keeps its original value",[30,143243,143244,143246,143247],{},[19,143245,143214],{}," stores the returned value from ",[19,143248,126406],{},[43,143250,143252,143254],{"id":143251},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[19,143253,126406],{}," does not change the original string",[15,143256,135160,143257,143259],{},[1854,143258,135163],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[15,143261,143262],{},"So this method:",[48,143264,143266],{"className":50,"code":143265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[19,143267,143268,143280,143290,143294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143269,143270,143272,143274,143276,143278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143271,6008],{"class":285},[57,143273,289],{"class":76},[57,143275,1449],{"class":938},[57,143277,15953],{"class":942},[57,143279,1455],{"class":938},[57,143281,143282,143284,143286,143288],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143283,5798],{"class":285},[57,143285,498],{"class":67},[57,143287,32636],{"class":238},[57,143289,6778],{"class":67},[57,143291,143292],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143293,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,143295,143296,143298,143300,143302],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,143297,64],{"class":63},[57,143299,68],{"class":67},[57,143301,5798],{"class":238},[57,143303,242],{"class":67},[15,143305,131],{},[48,143307,143309],{"className":50,"code":143308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"alice\n",[19,143310,143311],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143312,143313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143314,143308],{"class":285},[15,143316,19129,143317,143319,143320,143322],{},[19,143318,126406],{}," was called, ",[19,143321,5798],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[15,143324,143325],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[48,143327,143329],{"className":50,"code":143328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[19,143330,143331,143343,143357,143361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143332,143333,143335,143337,143339,143341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143334,6008],{"class":285},[57,143336,289],{"class":76},[57,143338,1449],{"class":938},[57,143340,15953],{"class":942},[57,143342,1455],{"class":938},[57,143344,143345,143347,143349,143351,143353,143355],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143346,6008],{"class":285},[57,143348,289],{"class":76},[57,143350,34152],{"class":285},[57,143352,498],{"class":67},[57,143354,32636],{"class":238},[57,143356,6778],{"class":67},[57,143358,143359],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143360,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,143362,143363,143365,143367,143369],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,143364,64],{"class":63},[57,143366,68],{"class":67},[57,143368,5798],{"class":238},[57,143370,242],{"class":67},[15,143372,131],{},[48,143374,143376],{"className":50,"code":143375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ALICE\n",[19,143377,143378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143379,143380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143381,143375],{"class":32611},[15,143383,143384],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[43,143386,143388],{"id":143387},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[15,143390,143391,143393],{},[19,143392,126406],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[27,143395,143396,143399,143402,143405],{},[30,143397,143398],{},"Numbers stay the same",[30,143400,143401],{},"Spaces stay the same",[30,143403,143404],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[30,143406,143407],{},"Only letters are changed",[15,143409,275],{},[48,143411,143413],{"className":50,"code":143412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[19,143414,143415,143428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143416,143417,143419,143421,143423,143426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143418,32846],{"class":285},[57,143420,289],{"class":76},[57,143422,1449],{"class":938},[57,143424,143425],{"class":942},"Room 7, table #3!",[57,143427,1455],{"class":938},[57,143429,143430,143432,143434,143436,143438,143440],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143431,64],{"class":63},[57,143433,68],{"class":67},[57,143435,32867],{"class":238},[57,143437,498],{"class":67},[57,143439,32636],{"class":238},[57,143441,5323],{"class":67},[15,143443,131],{},[48,143445,143447],{"className":50,"code":143446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[19,143448,143449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143450,143451,143454,143456,143458,143461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143452,143453],{"class":32611},"ROOM",[57,143455,4119],{"class":80},[57,143457,1081],{"class":67},[57,143459,143460],{"class":32611}," TABLE",[57,143462,143463],{"class":1772}," #3!\n",[15,143465,143466],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[43,143468,3082,143470],{"id":143469},"when-to-use-upper",[19,143471,126406],{},[15,143473,143474,143476],{},[19,143475,126406],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[15,143478,46507],{},[27,143480,143481,143484,143487],{},[30,143482,143483],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[30,143485,143486],{},"Format labels or headings",[30,143488,143489],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[15,143491,143492],{},"Example: simple comparison",[48,143494,143496],{"className":50,"code":143495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[19,143497,143498,143510,143514,143536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143499,143500,143502,143504,143506,143508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143501,134771],{"class":285},[57,143503,289],{"class":76},[57,143505,1449],{"class":938},[57,143507,6793],{"class":942},[57,143509,1455],{"class":938},[57,143511,143512],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143513,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,143515,143516,143518,143520,143522,143524,143526,143528,143530,143532,143534],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143517,5126],{"class":1990},[57,143519,134791],{"class":285},[57,143521,498],{"class":67},[57,143523,32636],{"class":238},[57,143525,5495],{"class":67},[57,143527,4535],{"class":76},[57,143529,1449],{"class":938},[57,143531,134778],{"class":942},[57,143533,939],{"class":938},[57,143535,4520],{"class":67},[57,143537,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,143539,6201],{"class":63},[57,143541,68],{"class":67},[57,143543,939],{"class":938},[57,143545,141975],{"class":942},[57,143547,939],{"class":938},[57,143549,242],{"class":67},[15,143551,131],{},[48,143553,143554],{"className":50,"code":141984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,143555,143556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143557,143558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143559,141984],{"class":285},[15,143561,143562,143563,256,143565,260,143567,498],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[19,143564,6793],{},[19,143566,135564],{},[19,143568,134778],{},[43,143570,913],{"id":912},[616,143572,94062],{"id":94061},[15,143574,6249,143575,143578],{},[19,143576,143577],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[15,143580,14792],{},[48,143582,143584],{"className":50,"code":143583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[19,143585,143586,143598,143608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143587,143588,143590,143592,143594,143596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143589,32846],{"class":285},[57,143591,289],{"class":76},[57,143593,1449],{"class":938},[57,143595,1958],{"class":942},[57,143597,1455],{"class":938},[57,143599,143600,143602,143604,143606],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143601,32867],{"class":285},[57,143603,498],{"class":67},[57,143605,32636],{"class":238},[57,143607,6778],{"class":67},[57,143609,143610,143612,143614,143616],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143611,64],{"class":63},[57,143613,68],{"class":67},[57,143615,32867],{"class":238},[57,143617,242],{"class":67},[15,143619,131],{},[48,143621,143622],{"className":50,"code":136843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,143623,143624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143625,143626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143627,136843],{"class":285},[15,143629,14804],{},[48,143631,143633],{"className":50,"code":143632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[19,143634,143635,143647,143661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143636,143637,143639,143641,143643,143645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143638,32846],{"class":285},[57,143640,289],{"class":76},[57,143642,1449],{"class":938},[57,143644,1958],{"class":942},[57,143646,1455],{"class":938},[57,143648,143649,143651,143653,143655,143657,143659],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143650,32846],{"class":285},[57,143652,289],{"class":76},[57,143654,41007],{"class":285},[57,143656,498],{"class":67},[57,143658,32636],{"class":238},[57,143660,6778],{"class":67},[57,143662,143663,143665,143667,143669],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143664,64],{"class":63},[57,143666,68],{"class":67},[57,143668,32867],{"class":238},[57,143670,242],{"class":67},[15,143672,131],{},[48,143674,143676],{"className":50,"code":143675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO\n",[19,143677,143678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143679,143680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143681,143675],{"class":32611},[616,143683,17058,143685,135450],{"id":143684},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[19,143686,126406],{},[15,143688,143689,143691],{},[19,143690,126406],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[15,143693,275],{},[48,143695,143697],{"className":50,"code":143696,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[19,143698,143699,143707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143700,143701,143703,143705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143702,286],{"class":285},[57,143704,289],{"class":76},[57,143706,123210],{"class":80},[57,143708,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143710,64],{"class":63},[57,143712,68],{"class":67},[57,143714,310],{"class":238},[57,143716,498],{"class":67},[57,143718,32636],{"class":238},[57,143720,5323],{"class":67},[15,143722,37817,143723,143725,143726,31758],{},[19,143724,255],{}," objects do not have an ",[19,143727,126406],{},[15,143729,143730],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[48,143732,143734],{"className":50,"code":143733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[19,143735,143736,143744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143737,143738,143740,143742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143739,286],{"class":285},[57,143741,289],{"class":76},[57,143743,123210],{"class":80},[57,143745,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143747,64],{"class":63},[57,143749,68],{"class":67},[57,143751,1541],{"class":990},[57,143753,68],{"class":67},[57,143755,310],{"class":238},[57,143757,6766],{"class":67},[57,143759,32636],{"class":238},[57,143761,5323],{"class":67},[15,143763,131],{},[48,143765,143767],{"className":50,"code":143766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"123\n",[19,143768,143769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143770,143771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143772,143766],{"class":80},[616,143774,35366,143776,143778],{"id":143775},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[19,143777,126406],{}," with title case",[15,143780,143781,143783,143784,143787],{},[19,143782,126406],{}," makes ",[1854,143785,143786],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[48,143789,143791],{"className":50,"code":143790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[19,143792,143793,143805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143794,143795,143797,143799,143801,143803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143796,32846],{"class":285},[57,143798,289],{"class":76},[57,143800,1449],{"class":938},[57,143802,58578],{"class":942},[57,143804,1455],{"class":938},[57,143806,143807,143809,143811,143813,143815,143817],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143808,64],{"class":63},[57,143810,68],{"class":67},[57,143812,32867],{"class":238},[57,143814,498],{"class":67},[57,143816,32636],{"class":238},[57,143818,5323],{"class":67},[15,143820,131],{},[48,143822,143824],{"className":50,"code":143823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO WORLD\n",[19,143825,143826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143827,143828,143830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143829,134552],{"class":32611},[57,143831,143832],{"class":32611}," WORLD\n",[15,143834,143835,143836,143840,143841,143845],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[373,143837,143838],{"href":122255},[19,143839,122258],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[373,143842,143843],{"href":128109},[19,143844,122699],{}," changes parts of a string.",[43,143847,143849],{"id":143848},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[15,143851,143852,143853,972],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[19,143854,126406],{},[27,143856,143857,143864,143871,143878],{},[30,143858,143859,143863],{},[373,143860,143861],{"href":122255},[19,143862,122258],{}," for lowercase text",[30,143865,143866,143870],{},[373,143867,143868],{"href":135098},[19,143869,39818],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[30,143872,143873,143877],{},[373,143874,143875],{"href":128109},[19,143876,122699],{}," for changing parts of a string",[30,143879,143880,2511,143882,143884],{},[19,143881,125896],{},[19,143883,124586],{}," for checks",[15,143886,275],{},[48,143888,143890],{"className":50,"code":143889,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[19,143891,143892,143904,143908,143923,143939,143943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143893,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143895,32846],{"class":285},[57,143897,289],{"class":76},[57,143899,1449],{"class":938},[57,143901,141626],{"class":942},[57,143903,1455],{"class":938},[57,143905,143906],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,143907,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,143909,143910,143913,143915,143917,143919,143921],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,143911,143912],{"class":285},"cleaned ",[57,143914,289],{"class":76},[57,143916,41007],{"class":285},[57,143918,498],{"class":67},[57,143920,6769],{"class":238},[57,143922,6778],{"class":67},[57,143924,143925,143928,143930,143933,143935,143937],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,143926,143927],{"class":285},"loud ",[57,143929,289],{"class":76},[57,143931,143932],{"class":285}," cleaned",[57,143934,498],{"class":67},[57,143936,32636],{"class":238},[57,143938,6778],{"class":67},[57,143940,143941],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,143942,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,143944,143945,143947,143949,143952],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,143946,64],{"class":63},[57,143948,68],{"class":67},[57,143950,143951],{"class":238},"loud",[57,143953,242],{"class":67},[15,143955,131],{},[48,143957,143958],{"className":50,"code":143823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,143959,143960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143961,143962,143964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143963,134552],{"class":32611},[57,143965,143832],{"class":32611},[43,143967,1554],{"id":1553},[616,143969,10848,143971,122855],{"id":143970},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[19,143972,126406],{},[15,143974,143975],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[616,143977,10848,143979,135832],{"id":143978},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[19,143980,126406],{},[15,143982,143983,143984,498],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[19,143985,143577],{},[616,143987,143989],{"id":143988},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[15,143991,143992,143993,143995],{},"They stay the same. ",[19,143994,126406],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[616,143997,26483,143999,144001],{"id":143998},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[19,144000,126406],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[15,144003,144004],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[15,144006,275],{},[48,144008,144010],{"className":50,"code":144009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[19,144011,144012,144024,144037,144041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144013,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144015,636],{"class":285},[57,144017,289],{"class":76},[57,144019,1449],{"class":938},[57,144021,52],{"class":942},[57,144023,1455],{"class":938},[57,144025,144026,144028,144030,144032,144035],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144027,664],{"class":285},[57,144029,289],{"class":76},[57,144031,1449],{"class":938},[57,144033,144034],{"class":942},"PYTHON",[57,144036,1455],{"class":938},[57,144038,144039],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,144040,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,144042,144043,144045,144047,144049,144051,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,144044,64],{"class":63},[57,144046,68],{"class":67},[57,144048,373],{"class":238},[57,144050,498],{"class":67},[57,144052,32636],{"class":238},[57,144054,5495],{"class":67},[57,144056,4535],{"class":76},[57,144058,641],{"class":238},[57,144060,498],{"class":67},[57,144062,32636],{"class":238},[57,144064,5323],{"class":67},[15,144066,131],{},[48,144068,144069],{"className":50,"code":2095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,144070,144071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144072,144073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144074,2095],{"class":1965},[43,144076,1602],{"id":1601},[27,144078,144079,144083,144089,144095,144101,144105,144109],{},[30,144080,144081],{},[373,144082,123283],{"href":49144},[30,144084,144085],{},[373,144086,124528,144087,8880],{"href":122255},[19,144088,122258],{},[30,144090,144091],{},[373,144092,124528,144093,8880],{"href":135098},[19,144094,39818],{},[30,144096,144097],{},[373,144098,124528,144099,8880],{"href":128109},[19,144100,122699],{},[30,144102,144103],{},[373,144104,88856],{"href":87865},[30,144106,144107],{},[373,144108,122927],{"href":121783},[30,144110,144111],{},[373,144112,135918],{"href":134499},[1634,144114,144115],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":144117},[144118,144119,144121,144122,144123,144125,144126,144128,144135,144136,144145],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":143041,"depth":87,"text":144120},"What upper() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":143251,"depth":87,"text":144124},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":143387,"depth":87,"text":143388},{"id":143469,"depth":87,"text":144127},"When to use upper()",{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":144129},[144130,144131,144133],{"id":94061,"depth":103,"text":94062},{"id":143684,"depth":103,"text":144132},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":143775,"depth":103,"text":144134},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":143848,"depth":87,"text":143849},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":144137},[144138,144140,144142,144143],{"id":143970,"depth":103,"text":144139},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":143978,"depth":103,"text":144141},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":143988,"depth":103,"text":143989},{"id":143998,"depth":103,"text":144144},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":142965,"description":144146},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":144153,"title":144154,"body":144155,"description":146032,"extension":1666,"meta":146033,"navigation":317,"path":146034,"seo":146035,"stem":146036,"__hash__":146037},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":144156,"toc":145982},[144157,144163,144170,144176,144178,144234,144239,144244,144249,144252,144271,144274,144276,144300,144318,144329,144331,144334,144387,144389,144397,144399,144417,144422,144425,144482,144484,144493,144496,144516,144519,144525,144530,144532,144575,144577,144585,144588,144629,144631,144640,144646,144652,144679,144681,144689,144694,144698,144710,144753,144755,144763,144768,144774,144779,144783,144785,144828,144831,144878,144880,144889,144896,144900,144903,144949,144954,144958,144960,145003,145006,145014,145016,145021,145023,145025,145044,145047,145059,145061,145080,145082,145090,145094,145096,145147,145150,145225,145227,145235,145238,145242,145244,145291,145294,145365,145367,145375,145381,145383,145458,145462,145541,145543,145551,145557,145563,145568,145573,145622,145626,145697,145700,145705,145716,145719,145730,145740,145742,145747,145772,145777,145858,145860,145885,145887,145892,145895,145901,145910,145916,145919,145925,145931,145938,145941,145943,145979],[11,144158,1680,144160,1684],{"id":144159},"python-sum-function-explained",[19,144161,144162],{},"sum()",[15,144164,7259,144165,144167,144168,22917],{},[19,144166,144162],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[19,144169,58170],{},[15,144171,144172,144173,144175],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[19,144174,34233],{}," value and a few important limits.",[43,144177,46],{"id":45},[48,144179,144181],{"className":50,"code":144180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[19,144182,144183,144207,144222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144184,144185,144187,144189,144191,144193,144195,144197,144199,144201,144203,144205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144186,1724],{"class":285},[57,144188,289],{"class":76},[57,144190,1729],{"class":67},[57,144192,1078],{"class":80},[57,144194,1081],{"class":67},[57,144196,1084],{"class":80},[57,144198,1081],{"class":67},[57,144200,530],{"class":80},[57,144202,1081],{"class":67},[57,144204,536],{"class":80},[57,144206,1742],{"class":67},[57,144208,144209,144211,144213,144216,144218,144220],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144210,39347],{"class":285},[57,144212,289],{"class":76},[57,144214,144215],{"class":63}," sum",[57,144217,68],{"class":67},[57,144219,1756],{"class":238},[57,144221,242],{"class":67},[57,144223,144224,144226,144228,144230,144232],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,144225,64],{"class":63},[57,144227,68],{"class":67},[57,144229,39376],{"class":238},[57,144231,1769],{"class":67},[57,144233,24949],{"class":1772},[15,144235,154,144236,144238],{},[19,144237,144162],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[43,144240,1787,144242,1790],{"id":144241},"what-sum-does",[19,144243,144162],{},[15,144245,144246,144248],{},[19,144247,144162],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[15,144250,144251],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[27,144253,144254,144257,144260,144265],{},[30,144255,144256],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[30,144258,144259],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[30,144261,144262,144263],{},"Adding numbers from ",[19,144264,34359],{},[30,144266,144267,144268,144270],{},"Counting ",[19,144269,1709],{}," values in a list of booleans",[15,144272,144273],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[43,144275,221],{"id":220},[48,144277,144279],{"className":50,"code":144278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[19,144280,144281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144282,144283,144286,144288,144290,144292,144294,144296,144298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144284,144285],{"class":63},"sum",[57,144287,68],{"class":67},[57,144289,1831],{"class":238},[57,144291,1081],{"class":67},[57,144293,34212],{"class":7312},[57,144295,289],{"class":76},[57,144297,182],{"class":80},[57,144299,242],{"class":67},[27,144301,144302,144307,144312],{},[30,144303,144304,144306],{},[19,144305,1831],{}," is the group of values to add",[30,144308,144309,144311],{},[19,144310,34233],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[30,144313,144314,144315],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[19,144316,144317],{},"sum(iterable)",[15,144319,144320,144321,144324,144325,498],{},"If you are new to the word ",[144322,144323,1831],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[373,144326,144327,22770],{"href":34356},[19,144328,34359],{},[43,144330,9617],{"id":9616},[15,144332,144333],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[48,144335,144337],{"className":50,"code":144336,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[19,144338,144339,144359,144373,144377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144340,144341,144343,144345,144347,144349,144351,144353,144355,144357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144342,1724],{"class":285},[57,144344,289],{"class":76},[57,144346,1729],{"class":67},[57,144348,199],{"class":80},[57,144350,1081],{"class":67},[57,144352,4130],{"class":80},[57,144354,1081],{"class":67},[57,144356,36099],{"class":80},[57,144358,1742],{"class":67},[57,144360,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369,144371],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144362,39347],{"class":285},[57,144364,289],{"class":76},[57,144366,144215],{"class":63},[57,144368,68],{"class":67},[57,144370,1756],{"class":238},[57,144372,242],{"class":67},[57,144374,144375],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,144376,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,144378,144379,144381,144383,144385],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,144380,64],{"class":63},[57,144382,68],{"class":67},[57,144384,39376],{"class":238},[57,144386,242],{"class":67},[15,144388,131],{},[48,144390,144391],{"className":50,"code":68013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,144392,144393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144394,144395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144396,68013],{"class":80},[15,144398,9826],{},[27,144400,144401,144406,144412],{},[30,144402,144403,144405],{},[19,144404,1756],{}," contains three integers",[30,144407,144408,144411],{},[19,144409,144410],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[30,144413,144414,144415],{},"The result is stored in ",[19,144416,39376],{},[43,144418,34774,144420,6567],{"id":144419},"using-the-start-value",[19,144421,34233],{},[15,144423,144424],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[48,144426,144428],{"className":50,"code":144427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[19,144429,144430,144450,144468,144472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144431,144432,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442,144444,144446,144448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144433,1724],{"class":285},[57,144435,289],{"class":76},[57,144437,1729],{"class":67},[57,144439,1078],{"class":80},[57,144441,1081],{"class":67},[57,144443,1084],{"class":80},[57,144445,1081],{"class":67},[57,144447,530],{"class":80},[57,144449,1742],{"class":67},[57,144451,144452,144454,144456,144458,144460,144462,144464,144466],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144453,39347],{"class":285},[57,144455,289],{"class":76},[57,144457,144215],{"class":63},[57,144459,68],{"class":67},[57,144461,1756],{"class":238},[57,144463,1081],{"class":67},[57,144465,4130],{"class":80},[57,144467,242],{"class":67},[57,144469,144470],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,144471,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,144473,144474,144476,144478,144480],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,144475,64],{"class":63},[57,144477,68],{"class":67},[57,144479,39376],{"class":238},[57,144481,242],{"class":67},[15,144483,131],{},[48,144485,144487],{"className":50,"code":144486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"16\n",[19,144488,144489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144490,144491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144492,144486],{"class":80},[15,144494,144495],{},"This works like:",[27,144497,144498,144503,144508,144512],{},[30,144499,144500,144501],{},"Start at ",[19,144502,407],{},[30,144504,144505,144506],{},"Add ",[19,144507,1078],{},[30,144509,144505,144510],{},[19,144511,116],{},[30,144513,144505,144514],{},[19,144515,122],{},[15,144517,144518],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[43,144520,1787,144522,144524],{"id":144521},"what-sum-can-work-with",[19,144523,144162],{}," can work with",[15,144526,144527,144529],{},[19,144528,144162],{}," works with numeric values.",[616,144531,38589],{"id":38588},[48,144533,144535],{"className":50,"code":144534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[19,144536,144537,144561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144538,144539,144541,144543,144545,144547,144549,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144540,1935],{"class":285},[57,144542,289],{"class":76},[57,144544,1729],{"class":67},[57,144546,1078],{"class":80},[57,144548,1081],{"class":67},[57,144550,1084],{"class":80},[57,144552,1081],{"class":67},[57,144554,530],{"class":80},[57,144556,1081],{"class":67},[57,144558,536],{"class":80},[57,144560,1742],{"class":67},[57,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144564,64],{"class":63},[57,144566,68],{"class":67},[57,144568,144285],{"class":63},[57,144570,68],{"class":67},[57,144572,3482],{"class":238},[57,144574,84],{"class":67},[15,144576,131],{},[48,144578,144579],{"className":50,"code":453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,144580,144581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144582,144583],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144584,453],{"class":80},[616,144586,144587],{"id":50215},"Floats",[48,144589,144591],{"className":50,"code":144590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[19,144592,144593,144615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144594,144595,144597,144599,144601,144603,144605,144608,144610,144613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144596,81221],{"class":285},[57,144598,289],{"class":76},[57,144600,1729],{"class":67},[57,144602,39323],{"class":80},[57,144604,1081],{"class":67},[57,144606,144607],{"class":80}," 3.75",[57,144609,1081],{"class":67},[57,144611,144612],{"class":80}," 1.25",[57,144614,1742],{"class":67},[57,144616,144617,144619,144621,144623,144625,144627],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144618,64],{"class":63},[57,144620,68],{"class":67},[57,144622,144285],{"class":63},[57,144624,68],{"class":67},[57,144626,81257],{"class":238},[57,144628,84],{"class":67},[15,144630,131],{},[48,144632,144634],{"className":50,"code":144633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.5\n",[19,144635,144636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144637,144638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144639,144633],{"class":80},[15,144641,144642,144643,498],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[373,144644,144645],{"href":496},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[616,144647,144649,144650],{"id":144648},"values-from-range","Values from ",[19,144651,34359],{},[48,144653,144655],{"className":50,"code":144654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[19,144656,144657],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144658,144659,144661,144663,144665,144667,144669,144671,144673,144675,144677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144660,64],{"class":63},[57,144662,68],{"class":67},[57,144664,144285],{"class":63},[57,144666,68],{"class":67},[57,144668,58170],{"class":63},[57,144670,68],{"class":67},[57,144672,1078],{"class":80},[57,144674,1081],{"class":67},[57,144676,35806],{"class":80},[57,144678,1001],{"class":67},[15,144680,131],{},[48,144682,144683],{"className":50,"code":45208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,144684,144685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144686,144687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144688,45208],{"class":80},[15,144690,111732,144691,498],{},[19,144692,144693],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[616,144695,144697],{"id":144696},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[15,144699,144700,144701,144703,144704,2511,144706,144703,144708,498],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[19,144702,1709],{}," acts like ",[19,144705,1078],{},[19,144707,1783],{},[19,144709,182],{},[48,144711,144713],{"className":50,"code":144712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[19,144714,144715,144739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144716,144717,144719,144721,144723,144725,144727,144729,144731,144733,144735,144737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144718,50135],{"class":285},[57,144720,289],{"class":76},[57,144722,1729],{"class":67},[57,144724,1709],{"class":1965},[57,144726,1081],{"class":67},[57,144728,2022],{"class":1965},[57,144730,1081],{"class":67},[57,144732,2031],{"class":1965},[57,144734,1081],{"class":67},[57,144736,2031],{"class":1965},[57,144738,1742],{"class":67},[57,144740,144741,144743,144745,144747,144749,144751],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144742,64],{"class":63},[57,144744,68],{"class":67},[57,144746,144285],{"class":63},[57,144748,68],{"class":67},[57,144750,50188],{"class":238},[57,144752,84],{"class":67},[15,144754,131],{},[48,144756,144757],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,144758,144759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144760,144761],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144762,44784],{"class":80},[15,144764,144765,144766,498],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[19,144767,1709],{},[43,144769,1787,144771,144773],{"id":144770},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[19,144772,144162],{}," does not work with",[15,144775,144776,144778],{},[19,144777,144162],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[616,144780,144782],{"id":144781},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[15,144784,920],{},[48,144786,144788],{"className":50,"code":144787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[19,144789,144790,144814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144791,144792,144794,144796,144798,144800,144802,144804,144806,144808,144810,144812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144793,2186],{"class":285},[57,144795,289],{"class":76},[57,144797,1729],{"class":67},[57,144799,939],{"class":938},[57,144801,1958],{"class":942},[57,144803,939],{"class":938},[57,144805,1081],{"class":67},[57,144807,1449],{"class":938},[57,144809,58763],{"class":942},[57,144811,939],{"class":938},[57,144813,1742],{"class":67},[57,144815,144816,144818,144820,144822,144824,144826],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144817,64],{"class":63},[57,144819,68],{"class":67},[57,144821,144285],{"class":63},[57,144823,68],{"class":67},[57,144825,2230],{"class":238},[57,144827,84],{"class":67},[15,144829,144830],{},"Use string joining instead:",[48,144832,144834],{"className":50,"code":144833,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[19,144835,144836,144860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144837,144838,144840,144842,144844,144846,144848,144850,144852,144854,144856,144858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144839,2186],{"class":285},[57,144841,289],{"class":76},[57,144843,1729],{"class":67},[57,144845,939],{"class":938},[57,144847,1958],{"class":942},[57,144849,939],{"class":938},[57,144851,1081],{"class":67},[57,144853,1449],{"class":938},[57,144855,58763],{"class":942},[57,144857,939],{"class":938},[57,144859,1742],{"class":67},[57,144861,144862,144864,144866,144868,144870,144872,144874,144876],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144863,64],{"class":63},[57,144865,68],{"class":67},[57,144867,4398],{"class":938},[57,144869,498],{"class":67},[57,144871,131687],{"class":238},[57,144873,68],{"class":67},[57,144875,2230],{"class":238},[57,144877,84],{"class":67},[15,144879,131],{},[48,144881,144883],{"className":50,"code":144882,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"helloworld\n",[19,144884,144885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144886,144887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144888,144882],{"class":285},[15,144890,144891,144892,498],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[373,144893,144894,3908],{"href":40340},[19,144895,45851],{},[616,144897,144899],{"id":144898},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[15,144901,144902],{},"This also causes an error:",[48,144904,144906],{"className":50,"code":144905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[19,144907,144908,144935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144909,144910,144913,144915,144917,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927,144929,144931,144933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144911,144912],{"class":285},"lists ",[57,144914,289],{"class":76},[57,144916,54464],{"class":67},[57,144918,1078],{"class":80},[57,144920,1081],{"class":67},[57,144922,1084],{"class":80},[57,144924,16212],{"class":67},[57,144926,1729],{"class":67},[57,144928,122],{"class":80},[57,144930,1081],{"class":67},[57,144932,536],{"class":80},[57,144934,51412],{"class":67},[57,144936,144937,144939,144941,144943,144945,144947],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144938,64],{"class":63},[57,144940,68],{"class":67},[57,144942,144285],{"class":63},[57,144944,68],{"class":67},[57,144946,3423],{"class":238},[57,144948,84],{"class":67},[15,144950,144951,144953],{},[19,144952,144162],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[616,144955,144957],{"id":144956},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[15,144959,3596],{},[48,144961,144963],{"className":50,"code":144962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[19,144964,144965,144989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144966,144967,144969,144971,144973,144975,144977,144979,144981,144983,144985,144987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144968,1935],{"class":285},[57,144970,289],{"class":76},[57,144972,1729],{"class":67},[57,144974,1078],{"class":80},[57,144976,1081],{"class":67},[57,144978,1084],{"class":80},[57,144980,1081],{"class":67},[57,144982,1449],{"class":938},[57,144984,122],{"class":942},[57,144986,939],{"class":938},[57,144988,1742],{"class":67},[57,144990,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999,145001],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,144992,64],{"class":63},[57,144994,68],{"class":67},[57,144996,144285],{"class":63},[57,144998,68],{"class":67},[57,145000,3482],{"class":238},[57,145002,84],{"class":67},[15,145004,145005],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[15,145007,145008,145009,145011,145012,498],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[19,145010,64118],{},", convert them first. See ",[373,145013,1052],{"href":1051},[43,145015,39669],{"id":39668},[15,145017,145018,145019,498],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[19,145020,144162],{},[616,145022,4652],{"id":4651},[15,145024,2644],{},[48,145026,145028],{"className":50,"code":145027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(5))\n",[19,145029,145030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145031,145032,145034,145036,145038,145040,145042],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145033,64],{"class":63},[57,145035,68],{"class":67},[57,145037,144285],{"class":63},[57,145039,68],{"class":67},[57,145041,199],{"class":80},[57,145043,84],{"class":67},[15,145045,145046],{},"Why it fails:",[27,145048,145049,145054],{},[30,145050,145051,145053],{},[19,145052,199],{}," is a single integer",[30,145055,145056,145058],{},[19,145057,144162],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[15,145060,4682],{},[48,145062,145064],{"className":50,"code":145063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum([5]))\n",[19,145065,145066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145067,145068,145070,145072,145074,145076,145078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145069,64],{"class":63},[57,145071,68],{"class":67},[57,145073,144285],{"class":63},[57,145075,1075],{"class":67},[57,145077,199],{"class":80},[57,145079,1091],{"class":67},[15,145081,131],{},[48,145083,145084],{"className":50,"code":1036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,145085,145086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145087,145088],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145089,1036],{"class":80},[616,145091,145093],{"id":145092},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[15,145095,2644],{},[48,145097,145099],{"className":50,"code":145098,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[19,145100,145101,145133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145102,145103,145105,145107,145109,145111,145113,145115,145117,145119,145121,145123,145125,145127,145129,145131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145104,1935],{"class":285},[57,145106,289],{"class":76},[57,145108,1729],{"class":67},[57,145110,939],{"class":938},[57,145112,1078],{"class":942},[57,145114,939],{"class":938},[57,145116,1081],{"class":67},[57,145118,1449],{"class":938},[57,145120,116],{"class":942},[57,145122,939],{"class":938},[57,145124,1081],{"class":67},[57,145126,1449],{"class":938},[57,145128,122],{"class":942},[57,145130,939],{"class":938},[57,145132,1742],{"class":67},[57,145134,145135,145137,145139,145141,145143,145145],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145136,64],{"class":63},[57,145138,68],{"class":67},[57,145140,144285],{"class":63},[57,145142,68],{"class":67},[57,145144,3482],{"class":238},[57,145146,84],{"class":67},[15,145148,145149],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[48,145151,145153],{"className":50,"code":145152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[19,145154,145155,145187,145215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145156,145157,145159,145161,145163,145165,145167,145169,145171,145173,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183,145185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145158,1935],{"class":285},[57,145160,289],{"class":76},[57,145162,1729],{"class":67},[57,145164,939],{"class":938},[57,145166,1078],{"class":942},[57,145168,939],{"class":938},[57,145170,1081],{"class":67},[57,145172,1449],{"class":938},[57,145174,116],{"class":942},[57,145176,939],{"class":938},[57,145178,1081],{"class":67},[57,145180,1449],{"class":938},[57,145182,122],{"class":942},[57,145184,939],{"class":938},[57,145186,1742],{"class":67},[57,145188,145189,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199,145201,145203,145205,145207,145209,145211,145213],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145190,39347],{"class":285},[57,145192,289],{"class":76},[57,145194,144215],{"class":63},[57,145196,68],{"class":67},[57,145198,255],{"class":990},[57,145200,68],{"class":67},[57,145202,239],{"class":238},[57,145204,1769],{"class":67},[57,145206,1991],{"class":1990},[57,145208,1994],{"class":238},[57,145210,1997],{"class":1990},[57,145212,2000],{"class":238},[57,145214,242],{"class":67},[57,145216,145217,145219,145221,145223],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,145218,64],{"class":63},[57,145220,68],{"class":67},[57,145222,39376],{"class":238},[57,145224,242],{"class":67},[15,145226,131],{},[48,145228,145229],{"className":50,"code":737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,145230,145231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145232,145233],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145234,737],{"class":80},[15,145236,145237],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[616,145239,145241],{"id":145240},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[15,145243,2644],{},[48,145245,145247],{"className":50,"code":145246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[19,145248,145249,145277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145250,145251,145253,145255,145257,145259,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273,145275],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145252,1935],{"class":285},[57,145254,289],{"class":76},[57,145256,1729],{"class":67},[57,145258,1078],{"class":80},[57,145260,1081],{"class":67},[57,145262,1084],{"class":80},[57,145264,1081],{"class":67},[57,145266,1449],{"class":938},[57,145268,122],{"class":942},[57,145270,939],{"class":938},[57,145272,1081],{"class":67},[57,145274,536],{"class":80},[57,145276,1742],{"class":67},[57,145278,145279,145281,145283,145285,145287,145289],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145280,64],{"class":63},[57,145282,68],{"class":67},[57,145284,144285],{"class":63},[57,145286,68],{"class":67},[57,145288,3482],{"class":238},[57,145290,84],{"class":67},[15,145292,145293],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[48,145295,145297],{"className":50,"code":145296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[19,145298,145299,145327,145355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145300,145301,145303,145305,145307,145309,145311,145313,145315,145317,145319,145321,145323,145325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145302,1935],{"class":285},[57,145304,289],{"class":76},[57,145306,1729],{"class":67},[57,145308,1078],{"class":80},[57,145310,1081],{"class":67},[57,145312,1084],{"class":80},[57,145314,1081],{"class":67},[57,145316,1449],{"class":938},[57,145318,122],{"class":942},[57,145320,939],{"class":938},[57,145322,1081],{"class":67},[57,145324,536],{"class":80},[57,145326,1742],{"class":67},[57,145328,145329,145331,145333,145335,145337,145339,145341,145343,145345,145347,145349,145351,145353],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145330,39347],{"class":285},[57,145332,289],{"class":76},[57,145334,144215],{"class":63},[57,145336,68],{"class":67},[57,145338,255],{"class":990},[57,145340,68],{"class":67},[57,145342,239],{"class":238},[57,145344,1769],{"class":67},[57,145346,1991],{"class":1990},[57,145348,1994],{"class":238},[57,145350,1997],{"class":1990},[57,145352,2000],{"class":238},[57,145354,242],{"class":67},[57,145356,145357,145359,145361,145363],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,145358,64],{"class":63},[57,145360,68],{"class":67},[57,145362,39376],{"class":238},[57,145364,242],{"class":67},[15,145366,131],{},[48,145368,145369],{"className":50,"code":453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,145370,145371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145372,145373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145374,453],{"class":80},[616,145376,6551,145378,145380],{"id":145377},"using-sum-to-join-text",[19,145379,144162],{}," to join text",[15,145382,2644],{},[48,145384,145386],{"className":50,"code":145385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[19,145387,145388,145444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145389,145390,145392,145394,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424,145426,145428,145430,145432,145434,145436,145438,145440,145442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145391,34251],{"class":285},[57,145393,289],{"class":76},[57,145395,1729],{"class":67},[57,145397,939],{"class":938},[57,145399,132286],{"class":942},[57,145401,939],{"class":938},[57,145403,1081],{"class":67},[57,145405,1449],{"class":938},[57,145407,9888],{"class":942},[57,145409,939],{"class":938},[57,145411,1081],{"class":67},[57,145413,1449],{"class":938},[57,145415,61459],{"class":942},[57,145417,939],{"class":938},[57,145419,1081],{"class":67},[57,145421,1449],{"class":938},[57,145423,58610],{"class":942},[57,145425,939],{"class":938},[57,145427,1081],{"class":67},[57,145429,1449],{"class":938},[57,145431,58645],{"class":942},[57,145433,939],{"class":938},[57,145435,1081],{"class":67},[57,145437,1449],{"class":938},[57,145439,74203],{"class":942},[57,145441,939],{"class":938},[57,145443,1742],{"class":67},[57,145445,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145447,64],{"class":63},[57,145449,68],{"class":67},[57,145451,144285],{"class":63},[57,145453,68],{"class":67},[57,145455,34304],{"class":238},[57,145457,84],{"class":67},[15,145459,154,145460,58704],{},[19,145461,131610],{},[48,145463,145465],{"className":50,"code":145464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[19,145466,145467,145523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145468,145469,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479,145481,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491,145493,145495,145497,145499,145501,145503,145505,145507,145509,145511,145513,145515,145517,145519,145521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145470,34251],{"class":285},[57,145472,289],{"class":76},[57,145474,1729],{"class":67},[57,145476,939],{"class":938},[57,145478,132286],{"class":942},[57,145480,939],{"class":938},[57,145482,1081],{"class":67},[57,145484,1449],{"class":938},[57,145486,9888],{"class":942},[57,145488,939],{"class":938},[57,145490,1081],{"class":67},[57,145492,1449],{"class":938},[57,145494,61459],{"class":942},[57,145496,939],{"class":938},[57,145498,1081],{"class":67},[57,145500,1449],{"class":938},[57,145502,58610],{"class":942},[57,145504,939],{"class":938},[57,145506,1081],{"class":67},[57,145508,1449],{"class":938},[57,145510,58645],{"class":942},[57,145512,939],{"class":938},[57,145514,1081],{"class":67},[57,145516,1449],{"class":938},[57,145518,74203],{"class":942},[57,145520,939],{"class":938},[57,145522,1742],{"class":67},[57,145524,145525,145527,145529,145531,145533,145535,145537,145539],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145526,64],{"class":63},[57,145528,68],{"class":67},[57,145530,4398],{"class":938},[57,145532,498],{"class":67},[57,145534,131687],{"class":238},[57,145536,68],{"class":67},[57,145538,34304],{"class":238},[57,145540,84],{"class":67},[15,145542,131],{},[48,145544,145545],{"className":50,"code":132367,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,145546,145547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145548,145549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145550,132367],{"class":285},[15,145552,145553,145554,498],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[373,145555,145556],{"href":133448},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[43,145558,145560,145562],{"id":145559},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[19,145561,144162],{}," vs manual loop",[15,145564,145565,145567],{},[19,145566,144162],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[616,145569,6551,145571],{"id":145570},"using-sum",[19,145572,144162],{},[48,145574,145576],{"className":50,"code":145575,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[19,145577,145578,145598,145612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145579,145580,145582,145584,145586,145588,145590,145592,145594,145596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145581,1724],{"class":285},[57,145583,289],{"class":76},[57,145585,1729],{"class":67},[57,145587,585],{"class":80},[57,145589,1081],{"class":67},[57,145591,4119],{"class":80},[57,145593,1081],{"class":67},[57,145595,52306],{"class":80},[57,145597,1742],{"class":67},[57,145599,145600,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145601,39347],{"class":285},[57,145603,289],{"class":76},[57,145605,144215],{"class":63},[57,145607,68],{"class":67},[57,145609,1756],{"class":238},[57,145611,242],{"class":67},[57,145613,145614,145616,145618,145620],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,145615,64],{"class":63},[57,145617,68],{"class":67},[57,145619,39376],{"class":238},[57,145621,242],{"class":67},[616,145623,145625],{"id":145624},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[48,145627,145629],{"className":50,"code":145628,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[19,145630,145631,145651,145659,145663,145675,145683,145687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145632,145633,145635,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645,145647,145649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145634,1724],{"class":285},[57,145636,289],{"class":76},[57,145638,1729],{"class":67},[57,145640,585],{"class":80},[57,145642,1081],{"class":67},[57,145644,4119],{"class":80},[57,145646,1081],{"class":67},[57,145648,52306],{"class":80},[57,145650,1742],{"class":67},[57,145652,145653,145655,145657],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145654,39347],{"class":285},[57,145656,289],{"class":76},[57,145658,36676],{"class":80},[57,145660,145661],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,145662,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,145664,145665,145667,145669,145671,145673],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,145666,4083],{"class":1990},[57,145668,4513],{"class":285},[57,145670,1997],{"class":1990},[57,145672,2380],{"class":285},[57,145674,4520],{"class":67},[57,145676,145677,145679,145681],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,145678,88280],{"class":285},[57,145680,88283],{"class":76},[57,145682,88286],{"class":285},[57,145684,145685],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,145686,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,145688,145689,145691,145693,145695],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,145690,64],{"class":63},[57,145692,68],{"class":67},[57,145694,39376],{"class":238},[57,145696,242],{"class":67},[15,145698,145699],{},"Both produce the same result.",[15,145701,568,145702,145704],{},[19,145703,144162],{}," is often better:",[27,145706,145707,145710,145713],{},[30,145708,145709],{},"Shorter code",[30,145711,145712],{},"Easier to read",[30,145714,145715],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[15,145717,145718],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[27,145720,145721,145724,145727],{},[30,145722,145723],{},"You need to skip some values",[30,145725,145726],{},"You need extra checks",[30,145728,145729],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[15,145731,145732,145733,145736,145737,145739],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[373,145734,145735],{"href":38172},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[19,145738,144162],{}," on the filtered result.",[43,145741,913],{"id":912},[15,145743,145744,145745,972],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[19,145746,144162],{},[27,145748,145749,145755,145762,145769],{},[30,145750,145751,145752],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[19,145753,145754],{},"sum(5)",[30,145756,145757,145758,145761],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[19,145759,145760],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[30,145763,6551,145764,145766,145767],{},[19,145765,144162],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[19,145768,131610],{},[30,145770,145771],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[15,145773,7011,145774,145776],{},[19,145775,144162],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[48,145778,145780],{"className":50,"code":145779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[19,145781,145782,145792,145806,145830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145783,145784,145786,145788,145790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145785,64],{"class":63},[57,145787,68],{"class":67},[57,145789,3482],{"class":238},[57,145791,242],{"class":67},[57,145793,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802,145804],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,145795,64],{"class":63},[57,145797,68],{"class":67},[57,145799,1315],{"class":990},[57,145801,68],{"class":67},[57,145803,3482],{"class":238},[57,145805,84],{"class":67},[57,145807,145808,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818,145820,145822,145824,145826,145828],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,145809,64],{"class":63},[57,145811,1075],{"class":67},[57,145813,1315],{"class":990},[57,145815,68],{"class":67},[57,145817,239],{"class":238},[57,145819,1769],{"class":67},[57,145821,1991],{"class":1990},[57,145823,1994],{"class":238},[57,145825,1997],{"class":1990},[57,145827,2000],{"class":238},[57,145829,2003],{"class":67},[57,145831,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,145833,64],{"class":63},[57,145835,68],{"class":67},[57,145837,144285],{"class":63},[57,145839,1075],{"class":67},[57,145841,255],{"class":990},[57,145843,68],{"class":67},[57,145845,239],{"class":238},[57,145847,1769],{"class":67},[57,145849,1991],{"class":1990},[57,145851,1994],{"class":238},[57,145853,1997],{"class":1990},[57,145855,2000],{"class":238},[57,145857,1091],{"class":67},[15,145859,134181],{},[27,145861,145862,145868,145874,145879],{},[30,145863,145864,145867],{},[19,145865,145866],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[30,145869,145870,145873],{},[19,145871,145872],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[30,145875,145876,134203],{},[19,145877,145878],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[30,145880,145881,145884],{},[19,145882,145883],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[43,145886,1554],{"id":1553},[616,145888,3264,145890,3267],{"id":145889},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[19,145891,144162],{},[15,145893,145894],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[616,145896,3292,145898,145900],{"id":145897},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[19,145899,144162],{}," add strings in Python?",[15,145902,28426,145903,965,145906,145909],{},[19,145904,145905],{},"''.join(...)",[19,145907,145908],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[616,145911,3292,145913,145915],{"id":145912},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[19,145914,144162],{}," work with floats?",[15,145917,145918],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[616,145920,145922,145923,572],{"id":145921},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[19,145924,144162],{},[15,145926,145927,145928,145930],{},"It is the optional ",[19,145929,34233],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[616,145932,3280,145934,117566,145936,572],{"id":145933},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[19,145935,144162],{},[19,145937,1097],{},[15,145939,145940],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[43,145942,1602],{"id":1601},[27,145944,145945,145949,145955,145961,145967,145971,145975],{},[30,145946,145947],{},[373,145948,144645],{"href":496},[30,145950,145951],{},[373,145952,1680,145953,1611],{"href":34356},[19,145954,34359],{},[30,145956,145957],{},[373,145958,1680,145959,1611],{"href":40523},[19,145960,40526],{},[30,145962,145963],{},[373,145964,1680,145965,1611],{"href":40340},[19,145966,45851],{},[30,145968,145969],{},[373,145970,3344],{"href":38172},[30,145972,145973],{},[373,145974,1628],{"href":1051},[30,145976,145977],{},[373,145978,145556],{"href":133448},[1634,145980,145981],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":145983},[145984,145985,145987,145988,145989,145991,145999,146005,146012,146018,146019,146031],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":144241,"depth":87,"text":145986},"What sum() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":144419,"depth":87,"text":145990},"Using the start value",{"id":144521,"depth":87,"text":145992,"children":145993},"What sum() can work with",[145994,145995,145996,145998],{"id":38588,"depth":103,"text":38589},{"id":50215,"depth":103,"text":144587},{"id":144648,"depth":103,"text":145997},"Values from range()",{"id":144696,"depth":103,"text":144697},{"id":144770,"depth":87,"text":146000,"children":146001},"What sum() does not work with",[146002,146003,146004],{"id":144781,"depth":103,"text":144782},{"id":144898,"depth":103,"text":144899},{"id":144956,"depth":103,"text":144957},{"id":39668,"depth":87,"text":39669,"children":146006},[146007,146008,146009,146010],{"id":4651,"depth":103,"text":4652},{"id":145092,"depth":103,"text":145093},{"id":145240,"depth":103,"text":145241},{"id":145377,"depth":103,"text":146011},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":145559,"depth":87,"text":146013,"children":146014},"sum() vs manual loop",[146015,146017],{"id":145570,"depth":103,"text":146016},"Using sum()",{"id":145624,"depth":103,"text":145625},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":146020},[146021,146023,146025,146027,146029],{"id":145889,"depth":103,"text":146022},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":145897,"depth":103,"text":146024},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":145912,"depth":103,"text":146026},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":145921,"depth":103,"text":146028},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":145933,"depth":103,"text":146030},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":144154,"description":146032},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":146039,"title":146040,"body":146041,"description":147443,"extension":1666,"meta":147444,"navigation":317,"path":147445,"seo":147446,"stem":147447,"__hash__":147448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":8,"value":146042,"toc":147411},[146043,146049,146055,146058,146121,146127,146132,146136,146153,146167,146171,146191,146205,146207,146300,146302,146316,146318,146321,146410,146412,146420,146429,146431,146435,146456,146458,146550,146552,146573,146575,146579,146593,146595,146669,146671,146690,146694,146697,146720,146722,146833,146840,146848,146850,146856,146859,146902,146905,146928,146936,146940,147015,147021,147046,147053,147056,147059,147063,147068,147156,147164,147168,147171,147196,147200,147261,147265,147314,147324,147326,147331,147334,147340,147343,147347,147351,147357,147360,147368,147376,147378,147408],[11,146044,146046,146047,9463],{"id":146045},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[19,146048,55461],{},[15,146050,146051,146054],{},[19,146052,146053],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[15,146056,146057],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[48,146059,146061],{"className":50,"code":146060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[19,146062,146063,146091,146109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146064,146065,146067,146069,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083,146085,146087,146089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146066,1724],{"class":285},[57,146068,289],{"class":76},[57,146070,7373],{"class":67},[57,146072,1078],{"class":80},[57,146074,1081],{"class":67},[57,146076,1084],{"class":80},[57,146078,1081],{"class":67},[57,146080,1084],{"class":80},[57,146082,1081],{"class":67},[57,146084,530],{"class":80},[57,146086,1081],{"class":67},[57,146088,1084],{"class":80},[57,146090,242],{"class":67},[57,146092,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146094,300],{"class":285},[57,146096,289],{"class":76},[57,146098,2380],{"class":285},[57,146100,498],{"class":67},[57,146102,39424],{"class":238},[57,146104,68],{"class":67},[57,146106,116],{"class":80},[57,146108,242],{"class":67},[57,146110,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,146112,64],{"class":63},[57,146114,68],{"class":67},[57,146116,339],{"class":238},[57,146118,1769],{"class":67},[57,146120,48939],{"class":1772},[15,146122,154,146123,146126],{},[19,146124,146125],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[43,146128,1787,146130,1790],{"id":146129},"what-tuplecount-does",[19,146131,146053],{},[15,146133,146134,972],{},[19,146135,146125],{},[27,146137,146138,146144,146147,146150],{},[30,146139,146140,146141,146143],{},"Returns the number of times ",[19,146142,552],{}," appears in the tuple",[30,146145,146146],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[30,146148,146149],{},"Returns an integer",[30,146151,146152],{},"Does not change the tuple",[15,146154,146155,146156,146158,146159,965,146163,498],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[19,146157,55461],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[373,146160,146162],{"href":146161},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[373,146164,146166],{"href":146165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[43,146168,146170],{"id":146169},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[48,146172,146174],{"className":50,"code":146173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[19,146175,146176],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146177,146178,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146179,146180],{"class":285},"my_tuple",[57,146182,498],{"class":67},[57,146184,39424],{"class":238},[57,146186,68],{"class":67},[57,146188,552],{"class":238},[57,146190,242],{"class":67},[27,146192,146193,146197,146200],{},[30,146194,146195,55626],{},[19,146196,552],{},[30,146198,146199],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[30,146201,146202,146203],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[19,146204,182],{},[616,146206,101281],{"id":101280},[48,146208,146210],{"className":50,"code":146209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[19,146211,146212,146252,146276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146213,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146215,11221],{"class":285},[57,146217,289],{"class":76},[57,146219,7373],{"class":67},[57,146221,939],{"class":938},[57,146223,11238],{"class":942},[57,146225,939],{"class":938},[57,146227,1081],{"class":67},[57,146229,1449],{"class":938},[57,146231,11255],{"class":942},[57,146233,939],{"class":938},[57,146235,1081],{"class":67},[57,146237,1449],{"class":938},[57,146239,11238],{"class":942},[57,146241,939],{"class":938},[57,146243,1081],{"class":67},[57,146245,1449],{"class":938},[57,146247,15605],{"class":942},[57,146249,939],{"class":938},[57,146251,242],{"class":67},[57,146253,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146255,64],{"class":63},[57,146257,68],{"class":67},[57,146259,15652],{"class":238},[57,146261,498],{"class":67},[57,146263,39424],{"class":238},[57,146265,68],{"class":67},[57,146267,939],{"class":938},[57,146269,11238],{"class":942},[57,146271,939],{"class":938},[57,146273,3485],{"class":67},[57,146275,55816],{"class":1772},[57,146277,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,146279,64],{"class":63},[57,146281,68],{"class":67},[57,146283,15652],{"class":238},[57,146285,498],{"class":67},[57,146287,39424],{"class":238},[57,146289,68],{"class":67},[57,146291,939],{"class":938},[57,146293,20676],{"class":942},[57,146295,939],{"class":938},[57,146297,3485],{"class":67},[57,146299,49416],{"class":1772},[15,146301,18108],{},[27,146303,146304,146309],{},[30,146305,146306,146308],{},[19,146307,63565],{}," appears 2 times",[30,146310,146311,146313,146314],{},[19,146312,107977],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[19,146315,182],{},[43,146317,9617],{"id":9616},[15,146319,146320],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[48,146322,146324],{"className":50,"code":146323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[19,146325,146326,146374,146378,146400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146327,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146329,34400],{"class":285},[57,146331,289],{"class":76},[57,146333,7373],{"class":67},[57,146335,939],{"class":938},[57,146337,2195],{"class":942},[57,146339,939],{"class":938},[57,146341,1081],{"class":67},[57,146343,1449],{"class":938},[57,146345,2204],{"class":942},[57,146347,939],{"class":938},[57,146349,1081],{"class":67},[57,146351,1449],{"class":938},[57,146353,2195],{"class":942},[57,146355,939],{"class":938},[57,146357,1081],{"class":67},[57,146359,1449],{"class":938},[57,146361,31378],{"class":942},[57,146363,939],{"class":938},[57,146365,1081],{"class":67},[57,146367,1449],{"class":938},[57,146369,2195],{"class":942},[57,146371,939],{"class":938},[57,146373,242],{"class":67},[57,146375,146376],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146377,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,146379,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,146381,300],{"class":285},[57,146383,289],{"class":76},[57,146385,51021],{"class":285},[57,146387,498],{"class":67},[57,146389,39424],{"class":238},[57,146391,68],{"class":67},[57,146393,939],{"class":938},[57,146395,2195],{"class":942},[57,146397,939],{"class":938},[57,146399,242],{"class":67},[57,146401,146402,146404,146406,146408],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,146403,64],{"class":63},[57,146405,68],{"class":67},[57,146407,339],{"class":238},[57,146409,242],{"class":67},[15,146411,131],{},[48,146413,146414],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,146415,146416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146417,146418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146419,44784],{"class":80},[15,146421,146422,146424,146425,474,146427,498],{},[19,146423,56004],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[19,146426,55461],{},[19,146428,122],{},[43,146430,36183],{"id":36182},[15,146432,55715,146433,126916],{},[19,146434,55461],{},[27,146436,146437,146442,146447,146450],{},[30,146438,9565,146439,146441],{},[19,146440,182],{}," when the value does not exist",[30,146443,9565,146444,146446],{},[19,146445,1078],{}," when the value appears once",[30,146448,146449],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[30,146451,146452,146453,146455],{},"The result can be used in ",[19,146454,5126],{}," statements and other conditions",[15,146457,275],{},[48,146459,146461],{"className":50,"code":146460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[19,146462,146463,146504,146508,146535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146464,146465,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146466,146467],{"class":285},"answers ",[57,146469,289],{"class":76},[57,146471,7373],{"class":67},[57,146473,939],{"class":938},[57,146475,6793],{"class":942},[57,146477,939],{"class":938},[57,146479,1081],{"class":67},[57,146481,1449],{"class":938},[57,146483,6732],{"class":942},[57,146485,939],{"class":938},[57,146487,1081],{"class":67},[57,146489,1449],{"class":938},[57,146491,6793],{"class":942},[57,146493,939],{"class":938},[57,146495,1081],{"class":67},[57,146497,1449],{"class":938},[57,146499,6793],{"class":942},[57,146501,939],{"class":938},[57,146503,242],{"class":67},[57,146505,146506],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146507,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,146509,146510,146512,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,146511,5126],{"class":1990},[57,146513,146514],{"class":285}," answers",[57,146516,498],{"class":67},[57,146518,39424],{"class":238},[57,146520,68],{"class":67},[57,146522,939],{"class":938},[57,146524,6793],{"class":942},[57,146526,939],{"class":938},[57,146528,1769],{"class":67},[57,146530,36559],{"class":76},[57,146532,3622],{"class":80},[57,146534,4520],{"class":67},[57,146536,146537,146539,146541,146543,146546,146548],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,146538,6201],{"class":63},[57,146540,68],{"class":67},[57,146542,939],{"class":938},[57,146544,146545],{"class":942},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[57,146547,939],{"class":938},[57,146549,242],{"class":67},[15,146551,131],{},[48,146553,146555],{"className":50,"code":146554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[19,146556,146557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146558,146559,146562,146564,146566,146568,146571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146560,146561],{"class":285},"The answer ",[57,146563,1395],{"class":938},[57,146565,6793],{"class":942},[57,146567,1395],{"class":938},[57,146569,146570],{"class":285}," appears more than once",[57,146572,120560],{"class":67},[43,146574,39210],{"id":39209},[15,146576,33565,146577,102744],{},[19,146578,146053],{},[27,146580,146581,146584,146587,146590],{},[30,146582,146583],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[30,146585,146586],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[30,146588,146589],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[30,146591,146592],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[15,146594,275],{},[48,146596,146598],{"className":50,"code":146597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[19,146599,146600,146628,146632,146654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146601,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146603,3185],{"class":285},[57,146605,289],{"class":76},[57,146607,7373],{"class":67},[57,146609,407],{"class":80},[57,146611,1081],{"class":67},[57,146613,5921],{"class":80},[57,146615,1081],{"class":67},[57,146617,4130],{"class":80},[57,146619,1081],{"class":67},[57,146621,5926],{"class":80},[57,146623,1081],{"class":67},[57,146625,4130],{"class":80},[57,146627,242],{"class":67},[57,146629,146630],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146631,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,146633,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,146635,5126],{"class":1990},[57,146637,3232],{"class":285},[57,146639,498],{"class":67},[57,146641,39424],{"class":238},[57,146643,68],{"class":67},[57,146645,407],{"class":80},[57,146647,1769],{"class":67},[57,146649,49457],{"class":76},[57,146651,1084],{"class":80},[57,146653,4520],{"class":67},[57,146655,146656,146658,146660,146662,146665,146667],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,146657,6201],{"class":63},[57,146659,68],{"class":67},[57,146661,939],{"class":938},[57,146663,146664],{"class":942},"The score 10 is repeated.",[57,146666,939],{"class":938},[57,146668,242],{"class":67},[15,146670,131],{},[48,146672,146674],{"className":50,"code":146673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[19,146675,146676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146677,146678,146681,146683,146685,146688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146679,146680],{"class":285},"The score ",[57,146682,407],{"class":80},[57,146684,6229],{"class":76},[57,146686,146687],{"class":285}," repeated",[57,146689,120560],{"class":67},[43,146691,146693],{"id":146692},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[15,146695,146696],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[27,146698,146699,146705,146710,146713],{},[30,146700,146701,146702,146704],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[19,146703,55461],{}," still works because it only reads data",[30,146706,146707,146709],{},[19,146708,55461],{}," counts exact matches",[30,146711,146712],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[30,146714,146715,2511,146717,146719],{},[19,146716,1078],{},[19,146718,40323],{}," compare as equal in Python",[15,146721,275],{},[48,146723,146725],{"className":50,"code":146724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[19,146726,146727,146761,146765,146785,146809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146728,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146742,146744,146746,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146730,1935],{"class":285},[57,146732,289],{"class":76},[57,146734,7373],{"class":67},[57,146736,1078],{"class":80},[57,146738,1081],{"class":67},[57,146740,146741],{"class":80}," 1.0",[57,146743,1081],{"class":67},[57,146745,1449],{"class":938},[57,146747,146748],{"class":942},"Cat",[57,146750,939],{"class":938},[57,146752,1081],{"class":67},[57,146754,1449],{"class":938},[57,146756,35209],{"class":942},[57,146758,939],{"class":938},[57,146760,242],{"class":67},[57,146762,146763],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146764,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,146766,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,146768,64],{"class":63},[57,146770,68],{"class":67},[57,146772,3482],{"class":238},[57,146774,498],{"class":67},[57,146776,39424],{"class":238},[57,146778,68],{"class":67},[57,146780,1078],{"class":80},[57,146782,3485],{"class":67},[57,146784,49263],{"class":1772},[57,146786,146787,146789,146791,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,146788,64],{"class":63},[57,146790,68],{"class":67},[57,146792,3482],{"class":238},[57,146794,498],{"class":67},[57,146796,39424],{"class":238},[57,146798,68],{"class":67},[57,146800,939],{"class":938},[57,146802,146748],{"class":942},[57,146804,939],{"class":938},[57,146806,3485],{"class":67},[57,146808,25934],{"class":1772},[57,146810,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,146812,64],{"class":63},[57,146814,68],{"class":67},[57,146816,3482],{"class":238},[57,146818,498],{"class":67},[57,146820,39424],{"class":238},[57,146822,68],{"class":67},[57,146824,939],{"class":938},[57,146826,35209],{"class":942},[57,146828,939],{"class":938},[57,146830,3485],{"class":67},[57,146832,25934],{"class":1772},[15,146834,3280,146835,3283,146838,572],{},[19,146836,146837],{},"values.count(1)",[19,146839,116],{},[15,146841,6921,146842,2904,146845,146847],{},[19,146843,146844],{},"1 == 1.0",[19,146846,1709],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[43,146849,913],{"id":912},[616,146851,6551,146853,146855],{"id":146852},"using-count-without-parentheses",[19,146854,39424],{}," without parentheses",[15,146857,146858],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[48,146860,146862],{"className":50,"code":146861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[19,146863,146864,146888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146865,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146867,1724],{"class":285},[57,146869,289],{"class":76},[57,146871,7373],{"class":67},[57,146873,1078],{"class":80},[57,146875,1081],{"class":67},[57,146877,1084],{"class":80},[57,146879,1081],{"class":67},[57,146881,1084],{"class":80},[57,146883,1081],{"class":67},[57,146885,530],{"class":80},[57,146887,242],{"class":67},[57,146889,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146891,64],{"class":63},[57,146893,68],{"class":67},[57,146895,1756],{"class":238},[57,146897,498],{"class":67},[57,146899,39424],{"class":22903},[57,146901,242],{"class":67},[15,146903,146904],{},"To call the method correctly:",[48,146906,146908],{"className":50,"code":146907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[19,146909,146910],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146911,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146913,64],{"class":63},[57,146915,68],{"class":67},[57,146917,1756],{"class":238},[57,146919,498],{"class":67},[57,146921,39424],{"class":238},[57,146923,68],{"class":67},[57,146925,116],{"class":80},[57,146927,84],{"class":67},[616,146929,6587,146930,6590,146932,965,146934],{"id":56764},[19,146931,55461],{},[19,146933,1709],{},[19,146935,1783],{},[15,146937,146938,56775],{},[19,146939,55461],{},[48,146941,146943],{"className":50,"code":146942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[19,146944,146945,146977,146999,147003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146946,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146948,34251],{"class":285},[57,146950,289],{"class":76},[57,146952,7373],{"class":67},[57,146954,939],{"class":938},[57,146956,373],{"class":942},[57,146958,939],{"class":938},[57,146960,1081],{"class":67},[57,146962,1449],{"class":938},[57,146964,2881],{"class":942},[57,146966,939],{"class":938},[57,146968,1081],{"class":67},[57,146970,1449],{"class":938},[57,146972,373],{"class":942},[57,146974,939],{"class":938},[57,146976,242],{"class":67},[57,146978,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,146980,300],{"class":285},[57,146982,289],{"class":76},[57,146984,68269],{"class":285},[57,146986,498],{"class":67},[57,146988,39424],{"class":238},[57,146990,68],{"class":67},[57,146992,939],{"class":938},[57,146994,373],{"class":942},[57,146996,939],{"class":938},[57,146998,242],{"class":67},[57,147000,147001],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,147002,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,147004,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,147006,64],{"class":63},[57,147008,68],{"class":67},[57,147010,339],{"class":238},[57,147012,1769],{"class":67},[57,147014,49584],{"class":1772},[15,147016,147017,147018,147020],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[19,147019,1997],{}," is often simpler:",[48,147022,147024],{"className":50,"code":147023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[19,147025,147026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147027,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147029,64],{"class":63},[57,147031,68],{"class":67},[57,147033,939],{"class":938},[57,147035,373],{"class":942},[57,147037,939],{"class":938},[57,147039,19325],{"class":1990},[57,147041,68269],{"class":238},[57,147043,1769],{"class":67},[57,147045,1773],{"class":1772},[616,147047,35366,147049,6840,147051],{"id":147048},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[19,147050,146053],{},[19,147052,55466],{},[15,147054,147055],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[15,147057,147058],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[616,147060,147062],{"id":147061},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[15,147064,147065,147067],{},[19,147066,55461],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[48,147069,147071],{"className":50,"code":147070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[19,147072,147073,147106,147132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147074,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147076,2186],{"class":285},[57,147078,289],{"class":76},[57,147080,7373],{"class":67},[57,147082,939],{"class":938},[57,147084,2195],{"class":942},[57,147086,939],{"class":938},[57,147088,1081],{"class":67},[57,147090,1449],{"class":938},[57,147092,147093],{"class":942},"pineapple",[57,147095,939],{"class":938},[57,147097,1081],{"class":67},[57,147099,1449],{"class":938},[57,147101,2195],{"class":942},[57,147103,939],{"class":938},[57,147105,242],{"class":67},[57,147107,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147125,147127,147129],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147109,64],{"class":63},[57,147111,68],{"class":67},[57,147113,2230],{"class":238},[57,147115,498],{"class":67},[57,147117,39424],{"class":238},[57,147119,68],{"class":67},[57,147121,939],{"class":938},[57,147123,147124],{"class":942},"app",[57,147126,939],{"class":938},[57,147128,3485],{"class":67},[57,147130,147131],{"class":1772},"    # 0\n",[57,147133,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,147135,64],{"class":63},[57,147137,68],{"class":67},[57,147139,2230],{"class":238},[57,147141,498],{"class":67},[57,147143,39424],{"class":238},[57,147145,68],{"class":67},[57,147147,939],{"class":938},[57,147149,2195],{"class":942},[57,147151,939],{"class":938},[57,147153,3485],{"class":67},[57,147155,49584],{"class":1772},[15,147157,147158,147161,147162,498],{},[19,147159,147160],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[19,147163,182],{},[43,147165,147167],{"id":147166},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[15,147169,147170],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[27,147172,147173,147178,147187,147193],{},[30,147174,154,147175,147177],{},[19,147176,1997],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[30,147179,154,147180,147186],{},[373,147181,147183,147184],{"href":147182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[19,147185,57139],{}," to find the position of a value",[30,147188,154,147189,147192],{},[19,147190,147191],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[30,147194,147195],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[15,147197,44207,147198,972],{},[19,147199,1997],{},[48,147201,147203],{"className":50,"code":147202,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[19,147204,147205,147225,147229,147245],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147208,1724],{"class":285},[57,147210,289],{"class":76},[57,147212,7373],{"class":67},[57,147214,585],{"class":80},[57,147216,1081],{"class":67},[57,147218,4119],{"class":80},[57,147220,1081],{"class":67},[57,147222,52306],{"class":80},[57,147224,242],{"class":67},[57,147226,147227],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147228,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,147230,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,147232,64],{"class":63},[57,147234,68],{"class":67},[57,147236,81],{"class":80},[57,147238,19325],{"class":1990},[57,147240,2380],{"class":238},[57,147242,1769],{"class":67},[57,147244,42021],{"class":1772},[57,147246,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,147248,64],{"class":63},[57,147250,68],{"class":67},[57,147252,199],{"class":80},[57,147254,19325],{"class":1990},[57,147256,2380],{"class":238},[57,147258,1769],{"class":67},[57,147260,42038],{"class":1772},[15,147262,44207,147263,972],{},[19,147264,57139],{},[48,147266,147268],{"className":50,"code":147267,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[19,147269,147270,147294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147271,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147273,1724],{"class":285},[57,147275,289],{"class":76},[57,147277,7373],{"class":67},[57,147279,585],{"class":80},[57,147281,1081],{"class":67},[57,147283,4119],{"class":80},[57,147285,1081],{"class":67},[57,147287,52306],{"class":80},[57,147289,1081],{"class":67},[57,147291,4119],{"class":80},[57,147293,242],{"class":67},[57,147295,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147297,64],{"class":63},[57,147299,68],{"class":67},[57,147301,1756],{"class":238},[57,147303,498],{"class":67},[57,147305,34006],{"class":238},[57,147307,68],{"class":67},[57,147309,81],{"class":80},[57,147311,3485],{"class":67},[57,147313,25934],{"class":1772},[15,147315,147316,147318,147319,147321,147323],{},[19,147317,55461],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[7984,147320],{},[19,147322,57139],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[43,147325,1554],{"id":1553},[616,147327,3264,147329,3267],{"id":147328},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[19,147330,146053],{},[15,147332,147333],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[616,147335,10848,147337,147339],{"id":147336},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[19,147338,146053],{}," change the tuple?",[15,147341,147342],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[616,147344,147346],{"id":147345},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[15,147348,10054,147349,498],{},[19,147350,182],{},[616,147352,3292,147354,147356],{"id":147353},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[19,147355,146053],{}," count strings?",[15,147358,147359],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[616,147361,3302,147363,2511,147365,572],{"id":147362},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[19,147364,146053],{},[19,147366,147367],{},"tuple.index()",[15,147369,147370,147372,147373,147375],{},[19,147371,55461],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[19,147374,57139],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[43,147377,1602],{"id":1601},[27,147379,147380,147384,147389,147396,147404],{},[30,147381,147382],{},[373,147383,146162],{"href":146161},[30,147385,147386],{},[373,147387,147388],{"href":146165},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[30,147390,147391],{},[373,147392,147393,147394,8880],{"href":147182},"Python tuple ",[19,147395,57139],{},[30,147397,147398],{},[373,147399,147401,147402],{"href":147400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[19,147403,40526],{},[30,147405,147406],{},[373,147407,57127],{"href":57126},[1634,147409,147410],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":147412},[147413,147415,147418,147419,147420,147421,147422,147430,147431,147442],{"id":146129,"depth":87,"text":147414},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":146169,"depth":87,"text":146170,"children":147416},[147417],{"id":101280,"depth":103,"text":101281},{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":36182,"depth":87,"text":36183},{"id":39209,"depth":87,"text":39210},{"id":146692,"depth":87,"text":146693},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":147423},[147424,147426,147427,147429],{"id":146852,"depth":103,"text":147425},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":56764,"depth":103,"text":57180},{"id":147048,"depth":103,"text":147428},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":147061,"depth":103,"text":147062},{"id":147166,"depth":87,"text":147167},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":147432},[147433,147435,147437,147438,147440],{"id":147328,"depth":103,"text":147434},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":147336,"depth":103,"text":147436},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":147345,"depth":103,"text":147346},{"id":147353,"depth":103,"text":147439},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":147362,"depth":103,"text":147441},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":146040,"description":147443},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":147450,"title":147451,"body":147452,"description":149139,"extension":1666,"meta":149140,"navigation":317,"path":149141,"seo":149142,"stem":149143,"__hash__":149144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":8,"value":147453,"toc":149102},[147454,147457,147460,147469,147471,147601,147603,147664,147670,147672,147692,147696,147699,147702,147737,147739,147760,147763,147802,147804,147829,147836,147840,147843,147880,147882,147905,147908,147911,147923,147929,147933,147936,147942,147983,147985,148008,148011,148052,148054,148081,148083,148100,148102,148119,148122,148126,148129,148131,148165,148167,148214,148218,148257,148261,148264,148321,148323,148364,148370,148376,148381,148383,148420,148422,148442,148444,148477,148479,148512,148515,148519,148552,148554,148579,148582,148584,148598,148605,148607,148610,148614,148617,148652,148655,148690,148694,148697,148736,148739,148778,148782,148784,148814,148817,148824,148826,148858,148861,148893,148896,148927,148929,148946,148950,148953,149017,149019,149023,149030,149034,149037,149041,149044,149048,149051,149056,149062,149064,149099],[11,147455,147451],{"id":147456},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[15,147458,147459],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[15,147461,147462,147463,965,147467,498],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[373,147464,147466],{"href":147465},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[373,147468,146162],{"href":146161},[43,147470,46],{"id":45},[48,147472,147474],{"className":50,"code":147473,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[19,147475,147476,147496,147505,147519,147555,147559,147569,147579,147590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147477,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490,147492,147494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147479,1724],{"class":285},[57,147481,289],{"class":76},[57,147483,7373],{"class":67},[57,147485,1078],{"class":80},[57,147487,1081],{"class":67},[57,147489,1084],{"class":80},[57,147491,1081],{"class":67},[57,147493,530],{"class":80},[57,147495,242],{"class":67},[57,147497,147498,147500,147502],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147499,123026],{"class":285},[57,147501,289],{"class":76},[57,147503,147504],{"class":67}," ()\n",[57,147506,147507,147510,147512,147514,147516],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,147508,147509],{"class":285},"one_item ",[57,147511,289],{"class":76},[57,147513,7373],{"class":67},[57,147515,199],{"class":80},[57,147517,147518],{"class":67},",)\n",[57,147520,147521,147524,147526,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,147522,147523],{"class":285},"from_list ",[57,147525,289],{"class":76},[57,147527,147528],{"class":990}," tuple",[57,147530,1075],{"class":67},[57,147532,939],{"class":938},[57,147534,373],{"class":942},[57,147536,939],{"class":938},[57,147538,1081],{"class":67},[57,147540,1449],{"class":938},[57,147542,2881],{"class":942},[57,147544,939],{"class":938},[57,147546,1081],{"class":67},[57,147548,1449],{"class":938},[57,147550,7877],{"class":942},[57,147552,939],{"class":938},[57,147554,2003],{"class":67},[57,147556,147557],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,147558,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,147560,147561,147563,147565,147567],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,147562,64],{"class":63},[57,147564,68],{"class":67},[57,147566,1756],{"class":238},[57,147568,242],{"class":67},[57,147570,147571,147573,147575,147577],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,147572,64],{"class":63},[57,147574,68],{"class":67},[57,147576,123077],{"class":238},[57,147578,242],{"class":67},[57,147580,147581,147583,147585,147588],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,147582,64],{"class":63},[57,147584,68],{"class":67},[57,147586,147587],{"class":238},"one_item",[57,147589,242],{"class":67},[57,147591,147592,147594,147596,147599],{"class":59,"line":4559},[57,147593,64],{"class":63},[57,147595,68],{"class":67},[57,147597,147598],{"class":238},"from_list",[57,147600,242],{"class":67},[15,147602,131],{},[48,147604,147606],{"className":50,"code":147605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[19,147607,147608,147624,147628,147636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147609,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147611,68],{"class":67},[57,147613,1078],{"class":80},[57,147615,1081],{"class":67},[57,147617,1084],{"class":80},[57,147619,1081],{"class":67},[57,147621,530],{"class":80},[57,147623,242],{"class":67},[57,147625,147626],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147627,6778],{"class":67},[57,147629,147630,147632,147634],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,147631,68],{"class":67},[57,147633,199],{"class":80},[57,147635,147518],{"class":67},[57,147637,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,147639,68],{"class":67},[57,147641,1395],{"class":938},[57,147643,373],{"class":942},[57,147645,1395],{"class":938},[57,147647,1081],{"class":67},[57,147649,1390],{"class":938},[57,147651,2881],{"class":942},[57,147653,1395],{"class":938},[57,147655,1081],{"class":67},[57,147657,1390],{"class":938},[57,147659,7877],{"class":942},[57,147661,1395],{"class":938},[57,147663,242],{"class":67},[15,147665,147666,147667,498],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[19,147668,147669],{},"(5,)",[43,147671,13310],{"id":13309},[27,147673,147674,147677,147680,147683,147686,147689],{},[30,147675,147676],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[30,147678,147679],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[30,147681,147682],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[30,147684,147685],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[30,147687,147688],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[30,147690,147691],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[43,147693,147695],{"id":147694},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[15,147697,147698],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[15,147700,147701],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[48,147703,147705],{"className":50,"code":147704,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,147706,147707,147727],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147708,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147710,1724],{"class":285},[57,147712,289],{"class":76},[57,147714,7373],{"class":67},[57,147716,1078],{"class":80},[57,147718,1081],{"class":67},[57,147720,1084],{"class":80},[57,147722,1081],{"class":67},[57,147724,530],{"class":80},[57,147726,242],{"class":67},[57,147728,147729,147731,147733,147735],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147730,64],{"class":63},[57,147732,68],{"class":67},[57,147734,1756],{"class":238},[57,147736,242],{"class":67},[15,147738,131],{},[48,147740,147742],{"className":50,"code":147741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[19,147743,147744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147745,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756,147758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147747,68],{"class":67},[57,147749,1078],{"class":80},[57,147751,1081],{"class":67},[57,147753,1084],{"class":80},[57,147755,1081],{"class":67},[57,147757,530],{"class":80},[57,147759,242],{"class":67},[15,147761,147762],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[48,147764,147766],{"className":50,"code":147765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[19,147767,147768,147792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147769,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147771,7302],{"class":285},[57,147773,289],{"class":76},[57,147775,7373],{"class":67},[57,147777,1078],{"class":80},[57,147779,1081],{"class":67},[57,147781,1449],{"class":938},[57,147783,2195],{"class":942},[57,147785,939],{"class":938},[57,147787,1081],{"class":67},[57,147789,2031],{"class":1965},[57,147791,242],{"class":67},[57,147793,147794,147796,147798,147800],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147795,64],{"class":63},[57,147797,68],{"class":67},[57,147799,7341],{"class":238},[57,147801,242],{"class":67},[15,147803,131],{},[48,147805,147807],{"className":50,"code":147806,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[19,147808,147809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147810,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147812,68],{"class":67},[57,147814,1078],{"class":80},[57,147816,1081],{"class":67},[57,147818,1390],{"class":938},[57,147820,2195],{"class":942},[57,147822,1395],{"class":938},[57,147824,1081],{"class":67},[57,147826,2031],{"class":1965},[57,147828,242],{"class":67},[15,147830,147831,147832,498],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[373,147833,147835],{"href":147834},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[43,147837,147839],{"id":147838},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[15,147841,147842],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[48,147844,147846],{"className":50,"code":147845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[19,147847,147848,147856,147866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147849,147850,147852,147854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147851,123026],{"class":285},[57,147853,289],{"class":76},[57,147855,147504],{"class":67},[57,147857,147858,147860,147862,147864],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147859,64],{"class":63},[57,147861,68],{"class":67},[57,147863,123077],{"class":238},[57,147865,242],{"class":67},[57,147867,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,147869,64],{"class":63},[57,147871,68],{"class":67},[57,147873,1315],{"class":990},[57,147875,68],{"class":67},[57,147877,123077],{"class":238},[57,147879,84],{"class":67},[15,147881,131],{},[48,147883,147885],{"className":50,"code":147884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[19,147886,147887,147891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147888,147889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147890,6778],{"class":67},[57,147892,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147894,1384],{"class":76},[57,147896,1387],{"class":125},[57,147898,1390],{"class":938},[57,147900,47121],{"class":942},[57,147902,1395],{"class":938},[57,147904,1398],{"class":76},[15,147906,147907],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[15,147909,147910],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[27,147912,147913,147918],{},[30,147914,147915,147916],{},"Empty tuple: ",[19,147917,5495],{},[30,147919,147920,147921],{},"Empty list: ",[19,147922,1899],{},[15,147924,147925,147926,498],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[373,147927,147928],{"href":55324},"Python list: creating a list",[43,147930,147932],{"id":147931},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[15,147934,147935],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[15,147937,147938,147939,147941],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[1854,147940,2750],{}," automatically a tuple:",[48,147943,147945],{"className":50,"code":147944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[19,147946,147947,147959,147969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147948,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147950,525],{"class":285},[57,147952,289],{"class":76},[57,147954,7373],{"class":67},[57,147956,199],{"class":80},[57,147958,242],{"class":67},[57,147960,147961,147963,147965,147967],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147962,64],{"class":63},[57,147964,68],{"class":67},[57,147966,552],{"class":238},[57,147968,242],{"class":67},[57,147970,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,147972,64],{"class":63},[57,147974,68],{"class":67},[57,147976,1315],{"class":990},[57,147978,68],{"class":67},[57,147980,552],{"class":238},[57,147982,84],{"class":67},[15,147984,131],{},[48,147986,147988],{"className":50,"code":147987,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[19,147989,147990,147994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147991,147992],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147993,1036],{"class":80},[57,147995,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,147997,1384],{"class":76},[57,147999,1387],{"class":125},[57,148001,1390],{"class":938},[57,148003,255],{"class":942},[57,148005,1395],{"class":938},[57,148007,1398],{"class":76},[15,148009,148010],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[48,148012,148014],{"className":50,"code":148013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[19,148015,148016,148028,148038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148017,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148019,147509],{"class":285},[57,148021,289],{"class":76},[57,148023,7373],{"class":67},[57,148025,199],{"class":80},[57,148027,147518],{"class":67},[57,148029,148030,148032,148034,148036],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148031,64],{"class":63},[57,148033,68],{"class":67},[57,148035,147587],{"class":238},[57,148037,242],{"class":67},[57,148039,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,148041,64],{"class":63},[57,148043,68],{"class":67},[57,148045,1315],{"class":990},[57,148047,68],{"class":67},[57,148049,147587],{"class":238},[57,148051,84],{"class":67},[15,148053,131],{},[48,148055,148057],{"className":50,"code":148056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[19,148058,148059,148067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148060,148061,148063,148065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148062,68],{"class":67},[57,148064,199],{"class":80},[57,148066,147518],{"class":67},[57,148068,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148070,1384],{"class":76},[57,148072,1387],{"class":125},[57,148074,1390],{"class":938},[57,148076,47121],{"class":942},[57,148078,1395],{"class":938},[57,148080,1398],{"class":76},[15,148082,14804],{},[48,148084,148086],{"className":50,"code":148085,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\",)\n",[19,148087,148088],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148089,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148091,68],{"class":67},[57,148093,939],{"class":938},[57,148095,2195],{"class":942},[57,148097,939],{"class":938},[57,148099,147518],{"class":67},[15,148101,14792],{},[48,148103,148105],{"className":50,"code":148104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\")\n",[19,148106,148107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148108,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148110,68],{"class":67},[57,148112,939],{"class":938},[57,148114,2195],{"class":942},[57,148116,939],{"class":938},[57,148118,242],{"class":67},[15,148120,148121],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[43,148123,148125],{"id":148124},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[15,148127,148128],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[616,148130,54632],{"id":1756},[48,148132,148133],{"className":50,"code":147704,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,148134,148135,148155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148136,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148138,1724],{"class":285},[57,148140,289],{"class":76},[57,148142,7373],{"class":67},[57,148144,1078],{"class":80},[57,148146,1081],{"class":67},[57,148148,1084],{"class":80},[57,148150,1081],{"class":67},[57,148152,530],{"class":80},[57,148154,242],{"class":67},[57,148156,148157,148159,148161,148163],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148158,64],{"class":63},[57,148160,68],{"class":67},[57,148162,1756],{"class":238},[57,148164,242],{"class":67},[616,148166,54635],{"id":3432},[48,148168,148170],{"className":50,"code":148169,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[19,148171,148172,148204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148173,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148175,11221],{"class":285},[57,148177,289],{"class":76},[57,148179,7373],{"class":67},[57,148181,939],{"class":938},[57,148183,11238],{"class":942},[57,148185,939],{"class":938},[57,148187,1081],{"class":67},[57,148189,1449],{"class":938},[57,148191,15605],{"class":942},[57,148193,939],{"class":938},[57,148195,1081],{"class":67},[57,148197,1449],{"class":938},[57,148199,11255],{"class":942},[57,148201,939],{"class":938},[57,148203,242],{"class":67},[57,148205,148206,148208,148210,148212],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148207,64],{"class":63},[57,148209,68],{"class":67},[57,148211,15652],{"class":238},[57,148213,242],{"class":67},[616,148215,148217],{"id":148216},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[48,148219,148221],{"className":50,"code":148220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[19,148222,148223,148247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148224,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148226,57644],{"class":285},[57,148228,289],{"class":76},[57,148230,7373],{"class":67},[57,148232,1078],{"class":80},[57,148234,1081],{"class":67},[57,148236,1449],{"class":938},[57,148238,2195],{"class":942},[57,148240,939],{"class":938},[57,148242,1081],{"class":67},[57,148244,2031],{"class":1965},[57,148246,242],{"class":67},[57,148248,148249,148251,148253,148255],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148250,64],{"class":63},[57,148252,68],{"class":67},[57,148254,57697],{"class":238},[57,148256,242],{"class":67},[616,148258,148260],{"id":148259},"nested-values","Nested values",[15,148262,148263],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[48,148265,148267],{"className":50,"code":148266,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[19,148268,148269,148310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148270,148271,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148272,148273],{"class":285},"nested ",[57,148275,289],{"class":76},[57,148277,7373],{"class":67},[57,148279,1078],{"class":80},[57,148281,1081],{"class":67},[57,148283,7373],{"class":67},[57,148285,939],{"class":938},[57,148287,373],{"class":942},[57,148289,939],{"class":938},[57,148291,1081],{"class":67},[57,148293,1449],{"class":938},[57,148295,2881],{"class":942},[57,148297,939],{"class":938},[57,148299,7370],{"class":67},[57,148301,1729],{"class":67},[57,148303,407],{"class":80},[57,148305,1081],{"class":67},[57,148307,5921],{"class":80},[57,148309,2003],{"class":67},[57,148311,148312,148314,148316,148319],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148313,64],{"class":63},[57,148315,68],{"class":67},[57,148317,148318],{"class":238},"nested",[57,148320,242],{"class":67},[15,148322,131],{},[48,148324,148326],{"className":50,"code":148325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[19,148327,148328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148329,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148331,68],{"class":67},[57,148333,1078],{"class":80},[57,148335,1081],{"class":67},[57,148337,7373],{"class":67},[57,148339,1395],{"class":938},[57,148341,373],{"class":942},[57,148343,1395],{"class":938},[57,148345,1081],{"class":67},[57,148347,1390],{"class":938},[57,148349,2881],{"class":942},[57,148351,1395],{"class":938},[57,148353,7370],{"class":67},[57,148355,1729],{"class":67},[57,148357,407],{"class":80},[57,148359,1081],{"class":67},[57,148361,5921],{"class":80},[57,148363,2003],{"class":67},[43,148365,148367,148368],{"id":148366},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[19,148369,36209],{},[15,148371,148372,148373,148375],{},"You can use the built-in ",[19,148374,36209],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[15,148377,148378,148379,498],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[373,148380,61390],{"href":61389},[616,148382,103421],{"id":103420},[48,148384,148386],{"className":50,"code":148385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,148387,148388,148410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148389,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148391,1724],{"class":285},[57,148393,289],{"class":76},[57,148395,147528],{"class":990},[57,148397,1075],{"class":67},[57,148399,1078],{"class":80},[57,148401,1081],{"class":67},[57,148403,1084],{"class":80},[57,148405,1081],{"class":67},[57,148407,530],{"class":80},[57,148409,2003],{"class":67},[57,148411,148412,148414,148416,148418],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148413,64],{"class":63},[57,148415,68],{"class":67},[57,148417,1756],{"class":238},[57,148419,242],{"class":67},[15,148421,131],{},[48,148423,148424],{"className":50,"code":147741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,148425,148426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148427,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148429,68],{"class":67},[57,148431,1078],{"class":80},[57,148433,1081],{"class":67},[57,148435,1084],{"class":80},[57,148437,1081],{"class":67},[57,148439,530],{"class":80},[57,148441,242],{"class":67},[616,148443,103607],{"id":103606},[48,148445,148447],{"className":50,"code":148446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[19,148448,148449,148467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148450,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148452,34251],{"class":285},[57,148454,289],{"class":76},[57,148456,147528],{"class":990},[57,148458,68],{"class":67},[57,148460,939],{"class":938},[57,148462,39725],{"class":942},[57,148464,939],{"class":938},[57,148466,242],{"class":67},[57,148468,148469,148471,148473,148475],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148470,64],{"class":63},[57,148472,68],{"class":67},[57,148474,34304],{"class":238},[57,148476,242],{"class":67},[15,148478,131],{},[48,148480,148482],{"className":50,"code":148481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[19,148483,148484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148485,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148487,68],{"class":67},[57,148489,1395],{"class":938},[57,148491,373],{"class":942},[57,148493,1395],{"class":938},[57,148495,1081],{"class":67},[57,148497,1390],{"class":938},[57,148499,2881],{"class":942},[57,148501,1395],{"class":938},[57,148503,1081],{"class":67},[57,148505,1390],{"class":938},[57,148507,7877],{"class":942},[57,148509,1395],{"class":938},[57,148511,242],{"class":67},[15,148513,148514],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[616,148516,148518],{"id":148517},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[48,148520,148522],{"className":50,"code":148521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[19,148523,148524,148542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148525,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148527,1935],{"class":285},[57,148529,289],{"class":76},[57,148531,147528],{"class":990},[57,148533,68],{"class":67},[57,148535,58170],{"class":63},[57,148537,68],{"class":67},[57,148539,585],{"class":80},[57,148541,84],{"class":67},[57,148543,148544,148546,148548,148550],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148545,64],{"class":63},[57,148547,68],{"class":67},[57,148549,3482],{"class":238},[57,148551,242],{"class":67},[15,148553,131],{},[48,148555,148557],{"className":50,"code":148556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[19,148558,148559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148560,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148562,68],{"class":67},[57,148564,182],{"class":80},[57,148566,1081],{"class":67},[57,148568,3622],{"class":80},[57,148570,1081],{"class":67},[57,148572,1084],{"class":80},[57,148574,1081],{"class":67},[57,148576,530],{"class":80},[57,148578,242],{"class":67},[15,148580,148581],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[43,148583,18952],{"id":18951},[27,148585,148586,148589,148592,148595],{},[30,148587,148588],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[30,148590,148591],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[30,148593,148594],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[30,148596,148597],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[15,148599,148600,148601,498],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[373,148602,148604],{"href":148603},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[43,148606,913],{"id":912},[15,148608,148609],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[616,148611,148613],{"id":148612},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[15,148615,148616],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[48,148618,148620],{"className":50,"code":148619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[19,148621,148622,148638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148623,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148625,26693],{"class":285},[57,148627,289],{"class":76},[57,148629,7373],{"class":67},[57,148631,939],{"class":938},[57,148633,2195],{"class":942},[57,148635,939],{"class":938},[57,148637,242],{"class":67},[57,148639,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148641,64],{"class":63},[57,148643,68],{"class":67},[57,148645,1315],{"class":990},[57,148647,68],{"class":67},[57,148649,21463],{"class":238},[57,148651,84],{"class":67},[15,148653,148654],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[48,148656,148658],{"className":50,"code":148657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[19,148659,148660,148676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148661,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148663,26693],{"class":285},[57,148665,289],{"class":76},[57,148667,7373],{"class":67},[57,148669,939],{"class":938},[57,148671,2195],{"class":942},[57,148673,939],{"class":938},[57,148675,147518],{"class":67},[57,148677,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148679,64],{"class":63},[57,148681,68],{"class":67},[57,148683,1315],{"class":990},[57,148685,68],{"class":67},[57,148687,21463],{"class":238},[57,148689,84],{"class":67},[616,148691,148693],{"id":148692},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[15,148695,148696],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[48,148698,148700],{"className":50,"code":148699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[19,148701,148702,148722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148703,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148705,1935],{"class":285},[57,148707,289],{"class":76},[57,148709,1729],{"class":67},[57,148711,1078],{"class":80},[57,148713,1081],{"class":67},[57,148715,1084],{"class":80},[57,148717,1081],{"class":67},[57,148719,530],{"class":80},[57,148721,1742],{"class":67},[57,148723,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148725,64],{"class":63},[57,148727,68],{"class":67},[57,148729,1315],{"class":990},[57,148731,68],{"class":67},[57,148733,3482],{"class":238},[57,148735,84],{"class":67},[15,148737,148738],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[48,148740,148742],{"className":50,"code":148741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[19,148743,148744,148764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148745,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148747,1935],{"class":285},[57,148749,289],{"class":76},[57,148751,7373],{"class":67},[57,148753,1078],{"class":80},[57,148755,1081],{"class":67},[57,148757,1084],{"class":80},[57,148759,1081],{"class":67},[57,148761,530],{"class":80},[57,148763,242],{"class":67},[57,148765,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148767,64],{"class":63},[57,148769,68],{"class":67},[57,148771,1315],{"class":990},[57,148773,68],{"class":67},[57,148775,3482],{"class":238},[57,148777,84],{"class":67},[616,148779,148781],{"id":148780},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[15,148783,148594],{},[48,148785,148787],{"className":50,"code":148786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[19,148788,148789,148809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148790,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148792,1724],{"class":285},[57,148794,289],{"class":76},[57,148796,7373],{"class":67},[57,148798,1078],{"class":80},[57,148800,1081],{"class":67},[57,148802,1084],{"class":80},[57,148804,1081],{"class":67},[57,148806,530],{"class":80},[57,148808,242],{"class":67},[57,148810,148811],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148812,148813],{"class":1772},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,148815,148816],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[616,148818,35366,148820,148823],{"id":148819},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[19,148821,148822],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[15,148825,62816],{},[48,148827,148828],{"className":50,"code":148446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,148829,148830,148848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148831,148832,148834,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148833,34251],{"class":285},[57,148835,289],{"class":76},[57,148837,147528],{"class":990},[57,148839,68],{"class":67},[57,148841,939],{"class":938},[57,148843,39725],{"class":942},[57,148845,939],{"class":938},[57,148847,242],{"class":67},[57,148849,148850,148852,148854,148856],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148851,64],{"class":63},[57,148853,68],{"class":67},[57,148855,34304],{"class":238},[57,148857,242],{"class":67},[15,148859,148860],{},"gives:",[48,148862,148863],{"className":50,"code":148481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,148864,148865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148866,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148868,68],{"class":67},[57,148870,1395],{"class":938},[57,148872,373],{"class":942},[57,148874,1395],{"class":938},[57,148876,1081],{"class":67},[57,148878,1390],{"class":938},[57,148880,2881],{"class":942},[57,148882,1395],{"class":938},[57,148884,1081],{"class":67},[57,148886,1390],{"class":938},[57,148888,7877],{"class":942},[57,148890,1395],{"class":938},[57,148892,242],{"class":67},[15,148894,148895],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[48,148897,148899],{"className":50,"code":148898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[19,148900,148901,148917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148902,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148904,4280],{"class":285},[57,148906,289],{"class":76},[57,148908,7373],{"class":67},[57,148910,939],{"class":938},[57,148912,39725],{"class":942},[57,148914,939],{"class":938},[57,148916,147518],{"class":67},[57,148918,148919,148921,148923,148925],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148920,64],{"class":63},[57,148922,68],{"class":67},[57,148924,36554],{"class":238},[57,148926,242],{"class":67},[15,148928,131],{},[48,148930,148932],{"className":50,"code":148931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('abc',)\n",[19,148933,148934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148935,148936,148938,148940,148942,148944],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148937,68],{"class":67},[57,148939,1395],{"class":938},[57,148941,39725],{"class":942},[57,148943,1395],{"class":938},[57,148945,147518],{"class":67},[616,148947,148949],{"id":148948},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[15,148951,148952],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[48,148954,148956],{"className":50,"code":148955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[19,148957,148958,148975,148979,148989,149003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148959,148960,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148961,148962],{"class":285},"my_tuple ",[57,148964,289],{"class":76},[57,148966,7373],{"class":67},[57,148968,939],{"class":938},[57,148970,2195],{"class":942},[57,148972,939],{"class":938},[57,148974,147518],{"class":67},[57,148976,148977],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,148978,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,148980,148981,148983,148985,148987],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,148982,64],{"class":63},[57,148984,68],{"class":67},[57,148986,146180],{"class":238},[57,148988,242],{"class":67},[57,148990,148991,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,148992,64],{"class":63},[57,148994,68],{"class":67},[57,148996,1315],{"class":990},[57,148998,68],{"class":67},[57,149000,146180],{"class":238},[57,149002,84],{"class":67},[57,149004,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,149006,64],{"class":63},[57,149008,68],{"class":67},[57,149010,9302],{"class":63},[57,149012,68],{"class":67},[57,149014,146180],{"class":238},[57,149016,84],{"class":67},[43,149018,1554],{"id":1553},[616,149020,149022],{"id":149021},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[15,149024,149025,149026,149029],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[19,149027,149028],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[616,149031,149033],{"id":149032},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[15,149035,149036],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[616,149038,149040],{"id":149039},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[15,149042,149043],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[616,149045,149047],{"id":149046},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[15,149049,149050],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[616,149052,3264,149054,10860],{"id":149053},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[19,149055,148822],{},[15,149057,3270,149058,149061],{},[19,149059,149060],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[43,149063,1602],{"id":1601},[27,149065,149066,149070,149074,149080,149085,149090,149094],{},[30,149067,149068],{},[373,149069,146162],{"href":146161},[30,149071,149072],{},[373,149073,147835],{"href":147834},[30,149075,149076],{},[373,149077,149079],{"href":149078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[30,149081,149082],{},[373,149083,149084],{"href":147400},"Python tuple length with len()",[30,149086,149087],{},[373,149088,149089],{"href":147465},"What is a tuple in Python?",[30,149091,149092],{},[373,149093,61390],{"href":61389},[30,149095,149096],{},[373,149097,149098],{"href":148603},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1634,149100,149101],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":149103},[149104,149105,149106,149107,149108,149109,149115,149121,149122,149130,149138],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":13309,"depth":87,"text":13310},{"id":147694,"depth":87,"text":147695},{"id":147838,"depth":87,"text":147839},{"id":147931,"depth":87,"text":147932},{"id":148124,"depth":87,"text":148125,"children":149110},[149111,149112,149113,149114],{"id":1756,"depth":103,"text":54632},{"id":3432,"depth":103,"text":54635},{"id":148216,"depth":103,"text":148217},{"id":148259,"depth":103,"text":148260},{"id":148366,"depth":87,"text":149116,"children":149117},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[149118,149119,149120],{"id":103420,"depth":103,"text":103421},{"id":103606,"depth":103,"text":103607},{"id":148517,"depth":103,"text":148518},{"id":18951,"depth":87,"text":18952},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":149123},[149124,149125,149126,149127,149129],{"id":148612,"depth":103,"text":148613},{"id":148692,"depth":103,"text":148693},{"id":148780,"depth":103,"text":148781},{"id":148819,"depth":103,"text":149128},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":148948,"depth":103,"text":148949},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":149131},[149132,149133,149134,149135,149136],{"id":149021,"depth":103,"text":149022},{"id":149032,"depth":103,"text":149033},{"id":149039,"depth":103,"text":149040},{"id":149046,"depth":103,"text":149047},{"id":149053,"depth":103,"text":149137},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":147451,"description":149139},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":149146,"title":149147,"body":149148,"description":150693,"extension":1666,"meta":150694,"navigation":317,"path":150695,"seo":150696,"stem":150697,"__hash__":150698},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":149149,"toc":150663},[149150,149153,149158,149160,149173,149179,149181,149248,149250,149285,149290,149294,149298,149300,149311,149319,149321,149323,149344,149346,149366,149369,149371,149376,149419,149421,149443,149446,149459,149463,149467,149470,149523,149525,149546,149551,149555,149558,149603,149605,149638,149650,149654,149662,149699,149701,149730,149734,149737,149790,149792,149812,149819,149823,149828,149897,149899,149924,149928,149931,149937,150014,150016,150075,150077,150089,150094,150098,150102,150116,150118,150153,150155,150172,150175,150188,150192,150196,150207,150212,150227,150230,150233,150235,150238,150242,150244,150258,150260,150284,150289,150293,150296,150315,150318,150367,150372,150389,150392,150425,150429,150431,150482,150485,150510,150513,150536,150540,150546,150548,150583,150586,150591,150593,150597,150600,150604,150609,150613,150616,150620,150623,150627,150632,150634,150660],[11,149151,149147],{"id":149152},"python-tuple-function-explained",[15,149154,7259,149155,149157],{},[19,149156,36209],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[15,149159,80762],{},[27,149161,149162,149167],{},[30,149163,149164,149166],{},[19,149165,36209],{}," creates an empty tuple",[30,149168,149169,149172],{},[19,149170,149171],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[15,149174,149175,149176,149178],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[19,149177,36209],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[43,149180,46],{"id":45},[48,149182,149184],{"className":50,"code":149183,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,149185,149186,149206,149220,149224,149234],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149187,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149189,1724],{"class":285},[57,149191,289],{"class":76},[57,149193,1729],{"class":67},[57,149195,1078],{"class":80},[57,149197,1081],{"class":67},[57,149199,1084],{"class":80},[57,149201,1081],{"class":67},[57,149203,530],{"class":80},[57,149205,1742],{"class":67},[57,149207,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149209,300],{"class":285},[57,149211,289],{"class":76},[57,149213,147528],{"class":990},[57,149215,68],{"class":67},[57,149217,1756],{"class":238},[57,149219,242],{"class":67},[57,149221,149222],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149223,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149225,149226,149228,149230,149232],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,149227,64],{"class":63},[57,149229,68],{"class":67},[57,149231,339],{"class":238},[57,149233,242],{"class":67},[57,149235,149236,149238,149240,149242,149244,149246],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,149237,64],{"class":63},[57,149239,68],{"class":67},[57,149241,1315],{"class":990},[57,149243,68],{"class":67},[57,149245,339],{"class":238},[57,149247,84],{"class":67},[15,149249,131],{},[48,149251,149253],{"className":50,"code":149252,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[19,149254,149255,149271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149256,149257,149259,149261,149263,149265,149267,149269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149258,68],{"class":67},[57,149260,1078],{"class":80},[57,149262,1081],{"class":67},[57,149264,1084],{"class":80},[57,149266,1081],{"class":67},[57,149268,530],{"class":80},[57,149270,242],{"class":67},[57,149272,149273,149275,149277,149279,149281,149283],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149274,1384],{"class":76},[57,149276,1387],{"class":125},[57,149278,1390],{"class":938},[57,149280,47121],{"class":942},[57,149282,1395],{"class":938},[57,149284,1398],{"class":76},[15,149286,154,149287,149289],{},[19,149288,149171],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[43,149291,149293],{"id":149292},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[15,149295,149296,61098],{},[19,149297,36209],{},[15,149299,47095],{},[27,149301,149302,149305,149308],{},[30,149303,149304],{},"creates a tuple object",[30,149306,149307],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[30,149309,149310],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[15,149312,149313,149314,149316,149317,498],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[373,149315,147466],{"href":147465}," or the full guide to ",[373,149318,146162],{"href":146161},[43,149320,221],{"id":220},[15,149322,24641],{},[48,149324,149326],{"className":50,"code":149325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[19,149327,149328,149334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149329,149330,149332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149331,47121],{"class":990},[57,149333,6778],{"class":67},[57,149335,149336,149338,149340,149342],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149337,47121],{"class":990},[57,149339,68],{"class":67},[57,149341,1831],{"class":238},[57,149343,242],{"class":67},[15,149345,9600],{},[27,149347,149348,149351],{},[30,149349,149350],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[30,149352,149353,149354],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[27,149355,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364],{},[30,149357,3423],{},[30,149359,3432],{},[30,149361,61169],{},[30,149363,3429],{},[30,149365,5380],{},[15,149367,149368],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[43,149370,147839],{"id":147838},[15,149372,27805,149373,149375],{},[19,149374,36209],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[48,149377,149379],{"className":50,"code":149378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[19,149380,149381,149391,149395,149405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149382,149383,149385,149387,149389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149384,123026],{"class":285},[57,149386,289],{"class":76},[57,149388,147528],{"class":990},[57,149390,6778],{"class":67},[57,149392,149393],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149394,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149396,149397,149399,149401,149403],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149398,64],{"class":63},[57,149400,68],{"class":67},[57,149402,123077],{"class":238},[57,149404,242],{"class":67},[57,149406,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,149408,64],{"class":63},[57,149410,68],{"class":67},[57,149412,1315],{"class":990},[57,149414,68],{"class":67},[57,149416,123077],{"class":238},[57,149418,84],{"class":67},[15,149420,131],{},[48,149422,149423],{"className":50,"code":147884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,149424,149425,149429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149426,149427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149428,6778],{"class":67},[57,149430,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439,149441],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149432,1384],{"class":76},[57,149434,1387],{"class":125},[57,149436,1390],{"class":938},[57,149438,47121],{"class":942},[57,149440,1395],{"class":938},[57,149442,1398],{"class":76},[15,149444,149445],{},"This is equivalent to:",[48,149447,149449],{"className":50,"code":149448,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\n",[19,149450,149451],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149452,149453,149455,149457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149454,123026],{"class":285},[57,149456,289],{"class":76},[57,149458,147504],{"class":67},[43,149460,149462],{"id":149461},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[616,149464,149466],{"id":149465},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[15,149468,149469],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[48,149471,149473],{"className":50,"code":149472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,149474,149475,149495,149509,149513],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149476,149477,149479,149481,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491,149493],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149478,1724],{"class":285},[57,149480,289],{"class":76},[57,149482,1729],{"class":67},[57,149484,407],{"class":80},[57,149486,1081],{"class":67},[57,149488,5921],{"class":80},[57,149490,1081],{"class":67},[57,149492,5926],{"class":80},[57,149494,1742],{"class":67},[57,149496,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505,149507],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149498,300],{"class":285},[57,149500,289],{"class":76},[57,149502,147528],{"class":990},[57,149504,68],{"class":67},[57,149506,1756],{"class":238},[57,149508,242],{"class":67},[57,149510,149511],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149512,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149514,149515,149517,149519,149521],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,149516,64],{"class":63},[57,149518,68],{"class":67},[57,149520,339],{"class":238},[57,149522,242],{"class":67},[15,149524,131],{},[48,149526,149528],{"className":50,"code":149527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[19,149529,149530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149531,149532,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149533,68],{"class":67},[57,149535,407],{"class":80},[57,149537,1081],{"class":67},[57,149539,5921],{"class":80},[57,149541,1081],{"class":67},[57,149543,5926],{"class":80},[57,149545,242],{"class":67},[15,149547,149548,149549,498],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[373,149550,103226],{"href":58227},[616,149552,149554],{"id":149553},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[15,149556,149557],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[48,149559,149561],{"className":50,"code":149560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,149562,149563,149575,149589,149593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149564,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149566,32846],{"class":285},[57,149568,289],{"class":76},[57,149570,1449],{"class":938},[57,149572,35209],{"class":942},[57,149574,1455],{"class":938},[57,149576,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149578,300],{"class":285},[57,149580,289],{"class":76},[57,149582,147528],{"class":990},[57,149584,68],{"class":67},[57,149586,32867],{"class":238},[57,149588,242],{"class":67},[57,149590,149591],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149592,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149594,149595,149597,149599,149601],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,149596,64],{"class":63},[57,149598,68],{"class":67},[57,149600,339],{"class":238},[57,149602,242],{"class":67},[15,149604,131],{},[48,149606,149608],{"className":50,"code":149607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[19,149609,149610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149611,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149613,68],{"class":67},[57,149615,1395],{"class":938},[57,149617,7877],{"class":942},[57,149619,1395],{"class":938},[57,149621,1081],{"class":67},[57,149623,1390],{"class":938},[57,149625,373],{"class":942},[57,149627,1395],{"class":938},[57,149629,1081],{"class":67},[57,149631,1390],{"class":938},[57,149633,61459],{"class":942},[57,149635,1395],{"class":938},[57,149637,242],{"class":67},[15,149639,149640,149641,12200,149644,149646,149647,498],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[19,149642,149643],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[1854,149645,2750],{}," create ",[19,149648,149649],{},"('cat',)",[616,149651,149653],{"id":149652},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[15,149655,149656,149658,149659,149661],{},[19,149657,34359],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[19,149660,36209],{}," collects them all.",[48,149663,149665],{"className":50,"code":149664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,149666,149667,149685,149689],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149668,149669,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149670,300],{"class":285},[57,149672,289],{"class":76},[57,149674,147528],{"class":990},[57,149676,68],{"class":67},[57,149678,58170],{"class":63},[57,149680,68],{"class":67},[57,149682,199],{"class":80},[57,149684,84],{"class":67},[57,149686,149687],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149688,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149690,149691,149693,149695,149697],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149692,64],{"class":63},[57,149694,68],{"class":67},[57,149696,339],{"class":238},[57,149698,242],{"class":67},[15,149700,131],{},[48,149702,149704],{"className":50,"code":149703,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[19,149705,149706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149707,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149709,68],{"class":67},[57,149711,182],{"class":80},[57,149713,1081],{"class":67},[57,149715,3622],{"class":80},[57,149717,1081],{"class":67},[57,149719,1084],{"class":80},[57,149721,1081],{"class":67},[57,149723,530],{"class":80},[57,149725,1081],{"class":67},[57,149727,536],{"class":80},[57,149729,242],{"class":67},[616,149731,149733],{"id":149732},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[15,149735,149736],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[48,149738,149740],{"className":50,"code":149739,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,149741,149742,149762,149776,149780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149745,1935],{"class":285},[57,149747,289],{"class":76},[57,149749,8629],{"class":67},[57,149751,1078],{"class":80},[57,149753,1081],{"class":67},[57,149755,1084],{"class":80},[57,149757,1081],{"class":67},[57,149759,530],{"class":80},[57,149761,7446],{"class":67},[57,149763,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149765,300],{"class":285},[57,149767,289],{"class":76},[57,149769,147528],{"class":990},[57,149771,68],{"class":67},[57,149773,3482],{"class":238},[57,149775,242],{"class":67},[57,149777,149778],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149779,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149781,149782,149784,149786,149788],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,149783,64],{"class":63},[57,149785,68],{"class":67},[57,149787,339],{"class":238},[57,149789,242],{"class":67},[15,149791,131],{},[48,149793,149794],{"className":50,"code":147741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,149795,149796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149797,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149799,68],{"class":67},[57,149801,1078],{"class":80},[57,149803,1081],{"class":67},[57,149805,1084],{"class":80},[57,149807,1081],{"class":67},[57,149809,530],{"class":80},[57,149811,242],{"class":67},[15,149813,149814,149815,498],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[373,149816,149818],{"href":149817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[616,149820,149822],{"id":149821},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[15,149824,61712,149825,149827],{},[19,149826,36209],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[48,149829,149831],{"className":50,"code":149830,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[19,149832,149833,149869,149883,149887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149834,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149836,11350],{"class":285},[57,149838,289],{"class":76},[57,149840,8629],{"class":67},[57,149842,939],{"class":938},[57,149844,5798],{"class":942},[57,149846,939],{"class":938},[57,149848,972],{"class":67},[57,149850,1449],{"class":938},[57,149852,11025],{"class":942},[57,149854,939],{"class":938},[57,149856,1081],{"class":67},[57,149858,1449],{"class":938},[57,149860,7436],{"class":942},[57,149862,939],{"class":938},[57,149864,972],{"class":67},[57,149866,7443],{"class":80},[57,149868,7446],{"class":67},[57,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149872,300],{"class":285},[57,149874,289],{"class":76},[57,149876,147528],{"class":990},[57,149878,68],{"class":67},[57,149880,15456],{"class":238},[57,149882,242],{"class":67},[57,149884,149885],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149886,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149888,149889,149891,149893,149895],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,149890,64],{"class":63},[57,149892,68],{"class":67},[57,149894,339],{"class":238},[57,149896,242],{"class":67},[15,149898,28185],{},[48,149900,149902],{"className":50,"code":149901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n",[19,149903,149904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149905,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149907,68],{"class":67},[57,149909,1395],{"class":938},[57,149911,5798],{"class":942},[57,149913,1395],{"class":938},[57,149915,1081],{"class":67},[57,149917,1390],{"class":938},[57,149919,7436],{"class":942},[57,149921,1395],{"class":938},[57,149923,242],{"class":67},[43,149925,149927],{"id":149926},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[15,149929,149930],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[15,149932,149933,149936],{},[19,149934,149935],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[48,149938,149940],{"className":50,"code":149939,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[19,149941,149942,149978,149982,149996],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149943,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149945,11350],{"class":285},[57,149947,289],{"class":76},[57,149949,8629],{"class":67},[57,149951,939],{"class":938},[57,149953,5798],{"class":942},[57,149955,939],{"class":938},[57,149957,972],{"class":67},[57,149959,1449],{"class":938},[57,149961,11025],{"class":942},[57,149963,939],{"class":938},[57,149965,1081],{"class":67},[57,149967,1449],{"class":938},[57,149969,7436],{"class":942},[57,149971,939],{"class":938},[57,149973,972],{"class":67},[57,149975,7443],{"class":80},[57,149977,7446],{"class":67},[57,149979,149980],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,149981,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,149983,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,149985,64],{"class":63},[57,149987,68],{"class":67},[57,149989,47121],{"class":990},[57,149991,68],{"class":67},[57,149993,15456],{"class":238},[57,149995,84],{"class":67},[57,149997,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010,150012],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,149999,64],{"class":63},[57,150001,68],{"class":67},[57,150003,47121],{"class":990},[57,150005,68],{"class":67},[57,150007,15456],{"class":238},[57,150009,498],{"class":67},[57,150011,5941],{"class":238},[57,150013,4416],{"class":67},[15,150015,131],{},[48,150017,150019],{"className":50,"code":150018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[19,150020,150021,150041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150022,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150024,68],{"class":67},[57,150026,1395],{"class":938},[57,150028,5798],{"class":942},[57,150030,1395],{"class":938},[57,150032,1081],{"class":67},[57,150034,1390],{"class":938},[57,150036,7436],{"class":942},[57,150038,1395],{"class":938},[57,150040,242],{"class":67},[57,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,150044,3635],{"class":67},[57,150046,1395],{"class":938},[57,150048,5798],{"class":942},[57,150050,1395],{"class":938},[57,150052,1081],{"class":67},[57,150054,1390],{"class":938},[57,150056,11025],{"class":942},[57,150058,1395],{"class":938},[57,150060,7370],{"class":67},[57,150062,7373],{"class":67},[57,150064,1395],{"class":938},[57,150066,7436],{"class":942},[57,150068,1395],{"class":938},[57,150070,1081],{"class":67},[57,150072,7443],{"class":80},[57,150074,84],{"class":67},[15,150076,16845],{},[27,150078,150079,150084],{},[30,150080,150081,150083],{},[19,150082,149935],{}," for keys",[30,150085,150086,30714],{},[19,150087,150088],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[15,150090,150091,150092,498],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[373,150093,61722],{"href":61721},[43,150095,150097],{"id":150096},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[15,150099,150100,16469],{},[19,150101,36209],{},[27,150103,150104,150107,150110,150113],{},[30,150105,150106],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[30,150108,150109],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[30,150111,150112],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[30,150114,150115],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[15,150117,275],{},[48,150119,150121],{"className":50,"code":150120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[19,150122,150123,150142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150124,150125,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150126,150127],{"class":285},"coordinates ",[57,150129,289],{"class":76},[57,150131,147528],{"class":990},[57,150133,1075],{"class":67},[57,150135,585],{"class":80},[57,150137,1081],{"class":67},[57,150139,4119],{"class":80},[57,150141,2003],{"class":67},[57,150143,150144,150146,150148,150151],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,150145,64],{"class":63},[57,150147,68],{"class":67},[57,150149,150150],{"class":238},"coordinates",[57,150152,242],{"class":67},[15,150154,131],{},[48,150156,150158],{"className":50,"code":150157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(4, 7)\n",[19,150159,150160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150161,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150163,68],{"class":67},[57,150165,585],{"class":80},[57,150167,1081],{"class":67},[57,150169,4119],{"class":80},[57,150171,242],{"class":67},[15,150173,150174],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[27,150176,150177,150179,150182,150185],{},[30,150178,150150],{},[30,150180,150181],{},"RGB colors",[30,150183,150184],{},"dates",[30,150186,150187],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[43,150189,150191],{"id":150190},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[15,150193,42595,150194,8740],{},[19,150195,36209],{},[27,150197,150198,150201,150204],{},[30,150199,150200],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[30,150202,150203],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[30,150205,150206],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[15,150208,114653,150209,150211],{},[1854,150210,2750],{}," work:",[48,150213,150215],{"className":50,"code":150214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(5)\n",[19,150216,150217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150218,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150220,47121],{"class":990},[57,150222,68],{"class":67},[57,150224,199],{"class":80},[57,150226,242],{"class":67},[15,150228,150229],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[15,150231,150232],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[43,150234,113491],{"id":113490},[15,150236,150237],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[616,150239,150241],{"id":150240},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[15,150243,920],{},[48,150245,150246],{"className":50,"code":150214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,150247,150248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150249,150250,150252,150254,150256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150251,47121],{"class":990},[57,150253,68],{"class":67},[57,150255,199],{"class":80},[57,150257,242],{"class":67},[15,150259,27836],{},[48,150261,150262],{"className":50,"code":61826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,150263,150264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150265,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150267,1097],{"class":990},[57,150269,972],{"class":67},[57,150271,1390],{"class":938},[57,150273,255],{"class":942},[57,150275,1395],{"class":938},[57,150277,22770],{"class":990},[57,150279,6229],{"class":76},[57,150281,6232],{"class":76},[57,150283,61849],{"class":285},[15,150285,150286,150287,498],{},"If you see this, read ",[373,150288,60463],{"href":50769},[616,150290,150292],{"id":150291},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[15,150294,150295],{},"This code:",[48,150297,150299],{"className":50,"code":150298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[19,150300,150301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150302,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150304,47121],{"class":990},[57,150306,68],{"class":67},[57,150308,939],{"class":938},[57,150310,1958],{"class":942},[57,150312,939],{"class":938},[57,150314,242],{"class":67},[15,150316,150317],{},"returns:",[48,150319,150321],{"className":50,"code":150320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[19,150322,150323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150324,150325,150327,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150326,68],{"class":67},[57,150328,1395],{"class":938},[57,150330,58610],{"class":942},[57,150332,1395],{"class":938},[57,150334,1081],{"class":67},[57,150336,1390],{"class":938},[57,150338,58619],{"class":942},[57,150340,1395],{"class":938},[57,150342,1081],{"class":67},[57,150344,1390],{"class":938},[57,150346,58628],{"class":942},[57,150348,1395],{"class":938},[57,150350,1081],{"class":67},[57,150352,1390],{"class":938},[57,150354,58628],{"class":942},[57,150356,1395],{"class":938},[57,150358,1081],{"class":67},[57,150360,1390],{"class":938},[57,150362,58645],{"class":942},[57,150364,1395],{"class":938},[57,150366,242],{"class":67},[15,150368,39070,150369,150371],{},[1854,150370,2750],{}," return:",[48,150373,150375],{"className":50,"code":150374,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('hello',)\n",[19,150376,150377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150378,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150380,68],{"class":67},[57,150382,1395],{"class":938},[57,150384,1958],{"class":942},[57,150386,1395],{"class":938},[57,150388,147518],{"class":67},[15,150390,150391],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[48,150393,150395],{"className":50,"code":150394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[19,150396,150397,150414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150398,150399,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150400,150401],{"class":285},"single ",[57,150403,289],{"class":76},[57,150405,7373],{"class":67},[57,150407,939],{"class":938},[57,150409,1958],{"class":942},[57,150411,939],{"class":938},[57,150413,147518],{"class":67},[57,150415,150416,150418,150420,150423],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,150417,64],{"class":63},[57,150419,68],{"class":67},[57,150421,150422],{"class":238},"single",[57,150424,242],{"class":67},[616,150426,150428],{"id":150427},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[15,150430,150295],{},[48,150432,150434],{"className":50,"code":150433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[19,150435,150436,150468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150437,150438,150440,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150439,7302],{"class":285},[57,150441,289],{"class":76},[57,150443,8629],{"class":67},[57,150445,939],{"class":938},[57,150447,373],{"class":942},[57,150449,939],{"class":938},[57,150451,972],{"class":67},[57,150453,3622],{"class":80},[57,150455,1081],{"class":67},[57,150457,1449],{"class":938},[57,150459,2881],{"class":942},[57,150461,939],{"class":938},[57,150463,972],{"class":67},[57,150465,1084],{"class":80},[57,150467,7446],{"class":67},[57,150469,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,150471,64],{"class":63},[57,150473,68],{"class":67},[57,150475,47121],{"class":990},[57,150477,68],{"class":67},[57,150479,7341],{"class":238},[57,150481,84],{"class":67},[15,150483,150484],{},"returns only the keys:",[48,150486,150488],{"className":50,"code":150487,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b')\n",[19,150489,150490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150491,150492,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150493,68],{"class":67},[57,150495,1395],{"class":938},[57,150497,373],{"class":942},[57,150499,1395],{"class":938},[57,150501,1081],{"class":67},[57,150503,1390],{"class":938},[57,150505,2881],{"class":942},[57,150507,1395],{"class":938},[57,150509,242],{"class":67},[15,150511,150512],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[48,150514,150516],{"className":50,"code":150515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[19,150517,150518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150519,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150521,64],{"class":63},[57,150523,68],{"class":67},[57,150525,47121],{"class":990},[57,150527,68],{"class":67},[57,150529,7341],{"class":238},[57,150531,498],{"class":67},[57,150533,5941],{"class":238},[57,150535,4416],{"class":67},[616,150537,150539],{"id":150538},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[15,150541,150542,150543,150545],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[19,150544,36209],{}," conversion.",[15,150547,3596],{},[48,150549,150551],{"className":50,"code":150550,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[19,150552,150553,150573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150554,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569,150571],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150556,525],{"class":285},[57,150558,289],{"class":76},[57,150560,7373],{"class":67},[57,150562,1078],{"class":80},[57,150564,1081],{"class":67},[57,150566,1084],{"class":80},[57,150568,1081],{"class":67},[57,150570,530],{"class":80},[57,150572,242],{"class":67},[57,150574,150575,150577,150579,150581],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,150576,64],{"class":63},[57,150578,68],{"class":67},[57,150580,552],{"class":238},[57,150582,242],{"class":67},[15,150584,150585],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[15,150587,23659,150588,150590],{},[19,150589,36209],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[43,150592,1554],{"id":1553},[616,150594,150596],{"id":150595},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[15,150598,150599],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[616,150601,150603],{"id":150602},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[15,150605,150606,150607,498],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[19,150608,5495],{},[616,150610,150612],{"id":150611},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[15,150614,150615],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[616,150617,150619],{"id":150618},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[15,150621,150622],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[616,150624,150626],{"id":150625},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[15,150628,150629,150630,498],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[19,150631,1097],{},[43,150633,1602],{"id":1601},[27,150635,150636,150640,150644,150648,150652,150656],{},[30,150637,150638],{},[373,150639,146162],{"href":146161},[30,150641,150642],{},[373,150643,149089],{"href":147465},[30,150645,150646],{},[373,150647,103226],{"href":58227},[30,150649,150650],{},[373,150651,149818],{"href":149817},[30,150653,150654],{},[373,150655,61722],{"href":61721},[30,150657,150658],{},[373,150659,60463],{"href":50769},[1634,150661,150662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":150664},[150665,150666,150667,150668,150669,150676,150677,150678,150679,150685,150692],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":149292,"depth":87,"text":149293},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":147838,"depth":87,"text":147839},{"id":149461,"depth":87,"text":149462,"children":150670},[150671,150672,150673,150674,150675],{"id":149465,"depth":103,"text":149466},{"id":149553,"depth":103,"text":149554},{"id":149652,"depth":103,"text":149653},{"id":149732,"depth":103,"text":149733},{"id":149821,"depth":103,"text":149822},{"id":149926,"depth":87,"text":149927},{"id":150096,"depth":87,"text":150097},{"id":150190,"depth":87,"text":150191},{"id":113490,"depth":87,"text":113491,"children":150680},[150681,150682,150683,150684],{"id":150240,"depth":103,"text":150241},{"id":150291,"depth":103,"text":150292},{"id":150427,"depth":103,"text":150428},{"id":150538,"depth":103,"text":150539},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":150686},[150687,150688,150689,150690,150691],{"id":150595,"depth":103,"text":150596},{"id":150602,"depth":103,"text":150603},{"id":150611,"depth":103,"text":150612},{"id":150618,"depth":103,"text":150619},{"id":150625,"depth":103,"text":150626},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":149147,"description":150693},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":150700,"title":150701,"body":150702,"description":152115,"extension":1666,"meta":152116,"navigation":317,"path":152117,"seo":152118,"stem":152119,"__hash__":152120},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":8,"value":150703,"toc":152087},[150704,150709,150714,150717,150719,150798,150804,150809,150813,150828,150830,150877,150879,150887,150895,150901,150903,150908,150928,150931,150958,150960,150984,150986,151128,151130,151134,151142,151145,151147,151224,151226,151234,151238,151242,151252,151262,151264,151269,151271,151330,151335,151337,151437,151439,151453,151458,151464,151471,151474,151476,151586,151590,151607,151609,151672,151674,151682,151694,151698,151703,151731,151734,151816,151818,151829,151831,151835,151862,151864,151866,151946,151954,151956,152011,152013,152018,152021,152025,152029,152031,152035,152039,152047,152054,152057,152059,152084],[11,150705,146046,150707,9463],{"id":150706},"python-tuple-index-method",[19,150708,57139],{},[15,150710,150711,150713],{},[19,150712,147367],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[15,150715,150716],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[43,150718,46],{"id":45},[48,150720,150722],{"className":50,"code":150721,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[19,150723,150724,150764,150786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150725,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150727,11221],{"class":285},[57,150729,289],{"class":76},[57,150731,7373],{"class":67},[57,150733,939],{"class":938},[57,150735,11238],{"class":942},[57,150737,939],{"class":938},[57,150739,1081],{"class":67},[57,150741,1449],{"class":938},[57,150743,11255],{"class":942},[57,150745,939],{"class":938},[57,150747,1081],{"class":67},[57,150749,1449],{"class":938},[57,150751,15605],{"class":942},[57,150753,939],{"class":938},[57,150755,1081],{"class":67},[57,150757,1449],{"class":938},[57,150759,11255],{"class":942},[57,150761,939],{"class":938},[57,150763,242],{"class":67},[57,150765,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,150767,63092],{"class":285},[57,150769,289],{"class":76},[57,150771,11269],{"class":285},[57,150773,498],{"class":67},[57,150775,34006],{"class":238},[57,150777,68],{"class":67},[57,150779,939],{"class":938},[57,150781,11255],{"class":942},[57,150783,939],{"class":938},[57,150785,242],{"class":67},[57,150787,150788,150790,150792,150794,150796],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,150789,64],{"class":63},[57,150791,68],{"class":67},[57,150793,63119],{"class":238},[57,150795,1769],{"class":67},[57,150797,25934],{"class":1772},[15,150799,150800,150803],{},[19,150801,150802],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[43,150805,1787,150807,1790],{"id":150806},"what-tupleindex-does",[19,150808,147367],{},[15,150810,17,150811,9554],{},[19,150812,57139],{},[27,150814,150815,150818,150820,150823],{},[30,150816,150817],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[30,150819,126644],{},[30,150821,150822],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[30,150824,150825,150826],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[19,150827,182],{},[15,150829,275],{},[48,150831,150833],{"className":50,"code":150832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[19,150834,150835,150859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150836,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845,150847,150849,150851,150853,150855,150857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150838,1724],{"class":285},[57,150840,289],{"class":76},[57,150842,7373],{"class":67},[57,150844,407],{"class":80},[57,150846,1081],{"class":67},[57,150848,5921],{"class":80},[57,150850,1081],{"class":67},[57,150852,5926],{"class":80},[57,150854,1081],{"class":67},[57,150856,5921],{"class":80},[57,150858,242],{"class":67},[57,150860,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873,150875],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,150862,64],{"class":63},[57,150864,68],{"class":67},[57,150866,1756],{"class":238},[57,150868,498],{"class":67},[57,150870,34006],{"class":238},[57,150872,68],{"class":67},[57,150874,13902],{"class":80},[57,150876,84],{"class":67},[15,150878,131],{},[48,150880,150881],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,150882,150883],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150884,150885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150886,45084],{"class":80},[15,150888,19129,150889,150891,150892,150894],{},[19,150890,13902],{}," appears twice, ",[19,150893,57139],{}," returns only the first match.",[15,150896,149313,150897,498],{},[373,150898,150900],{"href":150899},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[43,150902,221],{"id":220},[15,150904,5893,150905,150907],{},[19,150906,57139],{}," in two ways:",[48,150909,150911],{"className":50,"code":150910,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[19,150912,150913],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150914,150915,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150916,150917],{"class":285},"tuple_name",[57,150919,498],{"class":67},[57,150921,34006],{"class":238},[57,150923,68],{"class":67},[57,150925,552],{"class":238},[57,150927,242],{"class":67},[15,150929,150930],{},"or:",[48,150932,150934],{"className":50,"code":150933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[19,150935,150936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150937,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150939,150917],{"class":285},[57,150941,498],{"class":67},[57,150943,34006],{"class":238},[57,150945,68],{"class":67},[57,150947,552],{"class":238},[57,150949,1081],{"class":67},[57,150951,34212],{"class":238},[57,150953,1081],{"class":67},[57,150955,63213],{"class":238},[57,150957,242],{"class":67},[616,150959,15544],{"id":15543},[27,150961,150962,150967,150972,150977],{},[30,150963,150964,150966],{},[19,150965,552],{}," — the item to search for",[30,150968,150969,150971],{},[19,150970,34233],{}," — optional starting position",[30,150973,150974,150976],{},[19,150975,50830],{}," — optional ending position",[30,150978,150979,2904,150981,150983],{},[19,150980,50830],{},[1854,150982,63242],{}," in the search",[15,150985,275],{},[48,150987,150989],{"className":50,"code":150988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[19,150990,150991,151039,151043,151068,151096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150992,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150994,34251],{"class":285},[57,150996,289],{"class":76},[57,150998,7373],{"class":67},[57,151000,939],{"class":938},[57,151002,373],{"class":942},[57,151004,939],{"class":938},[57,151006,1081],{"class":67},[57,151008,1449],{"class":938},[57,151010,2881],{"class":942},[57,151012,939],{"class":938},[57,151014,1081],{"class":67},[57,151016,1449],{"class":938},[57,151018,7877],{"class":942},[57,151020,939],{"class":938},[57,151022,1081],{"class":67},[57,151024,1449],{"class":938},[57,151026,2881],{"class":942},[57,151028,939],{"class":938},[57,151030,1081],{"class":67},[57,151032,1449],{"class":938},[57,151034,16918],{"class":942},[57,151036,939],{"class":938},[57,151038,242],{"class":67},[57,151040,151041],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151042,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,151044,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151046,64],{"class":63},[57,151048,68],{"class":67},[57,151050,34304],{"class":238},[57,151052,498],{"class":67},[57,151054,34006],{"class":238},[57,151056,68],{"class":67},[57,151058,939],{"class":938},[57,151060,2881],{"class":942},[57,151062,939],{"class":938},[57,151064,3485],{"class":67},[57,151066,151067],{"class":1772},"        # 1\n",[57,151069,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,151071,64],{"class":63},[57,151073,68],{"class":67},[57,151075,34304],{"class":238},[57,151077,498],{"class":67},[57,151079,34006],{"class":238},[57,151081,68],{"class":67},[57,151083,939],{"class":938},[57,151085,2881],{"class":942},[57,151087,939],{"class":938},[57,151089,1081],{"class":67},[57,151091,1084],{"class":80},[57,151093,3485],{"class":67},[57,151095,49087],{"class":1772},[57,151097,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,151099,64],{"class":63},[57,151101,68],{"class":67},[57,151103,34304],{"class":238},[57,151105,498],{"class":67},[57,151107,34006],{"class":238},[57,151109,68],{"class":67},[57,151111,939],{"class":938},[57,151113,2881],{"class":942},[57,151115,939],{"class":938},[57,151117,1081],{"class":67},[57,151119,3622],{"class":80},[57,151121,1081],{"class":67},[57,151123,530],{"class":80},[57,151125,3485],{"class":67},[57,151127,25934],{"class":1772},[43,151129,101553],{"id":101552},[15,151131,151132,23662],{},[19,151133,147367],{},[27,151135,151136,151139],{},[30,151137,151138],{},"An integer",[30,151140,151141],{},"The position of the first matching item",[15,151143,151144],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[15,151146,275],{},[48,151148,151150],{"className":50,"code":151149,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[19,151151,151152,151192,151214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188,151190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151155,106652],{"class":285},[57,151157,289],{"class":76},[57,151159,7373],{"class":67},[57,151161,939],{"class":938},[57,151163,35209],{"class":942},[57,151165,939],{"class":938},[57,151167,1081],{"class":67},[57,151169,1449],{"class":938},[57,151171,56298],{"class":942},[57,151173,939],{"class":938},[57,151175,1081],{"class":67},[57,151177,1449],{"class":938},[57,151179,56315],{"class":942},[57,151181,939],{"class":938},[57,151183,1081],{"class":67},[57,151185,1449],{"class":938},[57,151187,56298],{"class":942},[57,151189,939],{"class":938},[57,151191,242],{"class":67},[57,151193,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202,151204,151206,151208,151210,151212],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151195,300],{"class":285},[57,151197,289],{"class":76},[57,151199,106695],{"class":285},[57,151201,498],{"class":67},[57,151203,34006],{"class":238},[57,151205,68],{"class":67},[57,151207,939],{"class":938},[57,151209,56298],{"class":942},[57,151211,939],{"class":938},[57,151213,242],{"class":67},[57,151215,151216,151218,151220,151222],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151217,64],{"class":63},[57,151219,68],{"class":67},[57,151221,339],{"class":238},[57,151223,242],{"class":67},[15,151225,131],{},[48,151227,151228],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,151229,151230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151231,151232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151233,45084],{"class":80},[43,151235,151237],{"id":151236},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[15,151239,154,151240,8740],{},[19,151241,147367],{},[27,151243,151244,151246,151249],{},[30,151245,64271],{},[30,151247,151248],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[30,151250,151251],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[15,151253,151254,151255,151258,151259,498],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[19,151256,151257],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[373,151260,147835],{"href":151261},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[43,151263,63803],{"id":63802},[15,151265,151266,151267,498],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[19,151268,38868],{},[15,151270,275],{},[48,151272,151274],{"className":50,"code":151273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[19,151275,151276,151308],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151277,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151279,11221],{"class":285},[57,151281,289],{"class":76},[57,151283,7373],{"class":67},[57,151285,939],{"class":938},[57,151287,11238],{"class":942},[57,151289,939],{"class":938},[57,151291,1081],{"class":67},[57,151293,1449],{"class":938},[57,151295,11255],{"class":942},[57,151297,939],{"class":938},[57,151299,1081],{"class":67},[57,151301,1449],{"class":938},[57,151303,15605],{"class":942},[57,151305,939],{"class":938},[57,151307,242],{"class":67},[57,151309,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151311,64],{"class":63},[57,151313,68],{"class":67},[57,151315,15652],{"class":238},[57,151317,498],{"class":67},[57,151319,34006],{"class":238},[57,151321,68],{"class":67},[57,151323,939],{"class":938},[57,151325,20676],{"class":942},[57,151327,939],{"class":938},[57,151329,84],{"class":67},[15,151331,37817,151332,151334],{},[19,151333,107977],{}," is not in the tuple.",[15,151336,63878],{},[48,151338,151340],{"className":50,"code":151339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[19,151341,151342,151374,151378,151394,151416,151422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151343,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366,151368,151370,151372],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151345,11221],{"class":285},[57,151347,289],{"class":76},[57,151349,7373],{"class":67},[57,151351,939],{"class":938},[57,151353,11238],{"class":942},[57,151355,939],{"class":938},[57,151357,1081],{"class":67},[57,151359,1449],{"class":938},[57,151361,11255],{"class":942},[57,151363,939],{"class":938},[57,151365,1081],{"class":67},[57,151367,1449],{"class":938},[57,151369,15605],{"class":942},[57,151371,939],{"class":938},[57,151373,242],{"class":67},[57,151375,151376],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151377,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,151379,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151381,5126],{"class":1990},[57,151383,1449],{"class":938},[57,151385,20676],{"class":942},[57,151387,939],{"class":938},[57,151389,19325],{"class":76},[57,151391,11269],{"class":285},[57,151393,4520],{"class":67},[57,151395,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,151397,6201],{"class":63},[57,151399,68],{"class":67},[57,151401,15652],{"class":238},[57,151403,498],{"class":67},[57,151405,34006],{"class":238},[57,151407,68],{"class":67},[57,151409,939],{"class":938},[57,151411,20676],{"class":942},[57,151413,939],{"class":938},[57,151415,84],{"class":67},[57,151417,151418,151420],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,151419,25588],{"class":1990},[57,151421,4520],{"class":67},[57,151423,151424,151426,151428,151430,151433,151435],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,151425,6201],{"class":63},[57,151427,68],{"class":67},[57,151429,939],{"class":938},[57,151431,151432],{"class":942},"Value not found",[57,151434,939],{"class":938},[57,151436,242],{"class":67},[15,151438,131],{},[48,151440,151442],{"className":50,"code":151441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Value not found\n",[19,151443,151444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151445,151446,151449,151451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151447,151448],{"class":285},"Value ",[57,151450,2750],{"class":76},[57,151452,64002],{"class":285},[15,151454,151455,151456,498],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[373,151457,64012],{"href":64011},[43,151459,6551,151460,2511,151462],{"id":63579},[19,151461,34233],{},[19,151463,50830],{},[15,151465,17,151466,2511,151468,151470],{},[19,151467,34233],{},[19,151469,50830],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[15,151472,151473],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[15,151475,275],{},[48,151477,151479],{"className":50,"code":151478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[19,151480,151481,151509,151513,151534,151558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151482,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151484,1935],{"class":285},[57,151486,289],{"class":76},[57,151488,7373],{"class":67},[57,151490,199],{"class":80},[57,151492,1081],{"class":67},[57,151494,4130],{"class":80},[57,151496,1081],{"class":67},[57,151498,2724],{"class":80},[57,151500,1081],{"class":67},[57,151502,5921],{"class":80},[57,151504,1081],{"class":67},[57,151506,2724],{"class":80},[57,151508,242],{"class":67},[57,151510,151511],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151512,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,151514,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151516,64],{"class":63},[57,151518,68],{"class":67},[57,151520,3482],{"class":238},[57,151522,498],{"class":67},[57,151524,34006],{"class":238},[57,151526,68],{"class":67},[57,151528,199],{"class":80},[57,151530,3485],{"class":67},[57,151532,151533],{"class":1772},"        # 0\n",[57,151535,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,151537,64],{"class":63},[57,151539,68],{"class":67},[57,151541,3482],{"class":238},[57,151543,498],{"class":67},[57,151545,34006],{"class":238},[57,151547,68],{"class":67},[57,151549,199],{"class":80},[57,151551,1081],{"class":67},[57,151553,3622],{"class":80},[57,151555,3485],{"class":67},[57,151557,49121],{"class":1772},[57,151559,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582,151584],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,151561,64],{"class":63},[57,151563,68],{"class":67},[57,151565,3482],{"class":238},[57,151567,498],{"class":67},[57,151569,34006],{"class":238},[57,151571,68],{"class":67},[57,151573,199],{"class":80},[57,151575,1081],{"class":67},[57,151577,530],{"class":80},[57,151579,1081],{"class":67},[57,151581,2724],{"class":80},[57,151583,3485],{"class":67},[57,151585,49104],{"class":1772},[616,151587,151589],{"id":151588},"how-it-works","How it works",[27,151591,151592,151597,151602],{},[30,151593,151594,151596],{},[19,151595,34233],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[30,151598,151599,151601],{},[19,151600,50830],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[30,151603,17,151604,151606],{},[19,151605,50830],{}," position itself is not included",[15,151608,275],{},[48,151610,151612],{"className":50,"code":151611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[19,151613,151614,151642,151646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151615,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151617,1935],{"class":285},[57,151619,289],{"class":76},[57,151621,7373],{"class":67},[57,151623,199],{"class":80},[57,151625,1081],{"class":67},[57,151627,4130],{"class":80},[57,151629,1081],{"class":67},[57,151631,2724],{"class":80},[57,151633,1081],{"class":67},[57,151635,5921],{"class":80},[57,151637,1081],{"class":67},[57,151639,2724],{"class":80},[57,151641,242],{"class":67},[57,151643,151644],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151645,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,151647,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151649,64],{"class":63},[57,151651,68],{"class":67},[57,151653,3482],{"class":238},[57,151655,498],{"class":67},[57,151657,34006],{"class":238},[57,151659,68],{"class":67},[57,151661,199],{"class":80},[57,151663,1081],{"class":67},[57,151665,3622],{"class":80},[57,151667,1081],{"class":67},[57,151669,536],{"class":80},[57,151671,84],{"class":67},[15,151673,131],{},[48,151675,151676],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,151677,151678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151679,151680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151681,15205],{"class":80},[15,151683,151684,151685,256,151687,15221,151689,151691,151692,498],{},"Python searches positions ",[19,151686,1078],{},[19,151688,116],{},[19,151690,122],{},", but not ",[19,151693,585],{},[43,151695,151697],{"id":151696},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[15,151699,151700,151701,972],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[19,151702,147367],{},[27,151704,151705,151713,151718,151725],{},[30,151706,151707,151708,151710,151711],{},"Do not confuse the ",[1854,151709,552],{}," with the ",[1854,151712,34006],{},[30,151714,151715,151716],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[19,151717,182],{},[30,151719,154,151720,151724],{},[373,151721,147393,151722,8880],{"href":147445},[19,151723,55461],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[30,151726,151727,151728,151730],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[19,151729,151257],{}," when you already know the position",[15,151732,151733],{},"Example of value vs index:",[48,151735,151737],{"className":50,"code":151736,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[19,151738,151739,151771,151775,151799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151740,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151742,34400],{"class":285},[57,151744,289],{"class":76},[57,151746,7373],{"class":67},[57,151748,939],{"class":938},[57,151750,2195],{"class":942},[57,151752,939],{"class":938},[57,151754,1081],{"class":67},[57,151756,1449],{"class":938},[57,151758,2204],{"class":942},[57,151760,939],{"class":938},[57,151762,1081],{"class":67},[57,151764,1449],{"class":938},[57,151766,31378],{"class":942},[57,151768,939],{"class":938},[57,151770,242],{"class":67},[57,151772,151773],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151774,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,151776,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151778,64],{"class":63},[57,151780,68],{"class":67},[57,151782,34452],{"class":238},[57,151784,498],{"class":67},[57,151786,34006],{"class":238},[57,151788,68],{"class":67},[57,151790,939],{"class":938},[57,151792,2204],{"class":942},[57,151794,939],{"class":938},[57,151796,3485],{"class":67},[57,151798,25934],{"class":1772},[57,151800,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,151802,64],{"class":63},[57,151804,68],{"class":67},[57,151806,34452],{"class":238},[57,151808,2015],{"class":67},[57,151810,1078],{"class":80},[57,151812,18597],{"class":67},[57,151814,151815],{"class":1772},"               # banana\n",[15,151817,245],{},[27,151819,151820,151824],{},[30,151821,151822,13394],{},[19,151823,63447],{},[30,151825,151826,151828],{},[19,151827,1078],{}," is the index",[43,151830,913],{"id":912},[15,151832,104291,151833,972],{},[19,151834,147367],{},[27,151836,151837,151840,151845,151850,151857],{},[30,151838,151839],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[30,151841,6587,151842,151844],{},[19,151843,57139],{}," to return all matching positions",[30,151846,151847,151848],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[19,151849,182],{},[30,151851,151852,151853,2511,151855],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[19,151854,34233],{},[19,151856,50830],{},[30,151858,35366,151859,151861],{},[19,151860,147367],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[616,151863,58882],{"id":58881},[15,151865,92553],{},[48,151867,151869],{"className":50,"code":151868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[19,151870,151871,151881,151895,151910,151928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151872,151873,151875,151877,151879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151874,64],{"class":63},[57,151876,68],{"class":67},[57,151878,146180],{"class":238},[57,151880,242],{"class":67},[57,151882,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151884,64],{"class":63},[57,151886,68],{"class":67},[57,151888,9302],{"class":63},[57,151890,68],{"class":67},[57,151892,146180],{"class":238},[57,151894,84],{"class":67},[57,151896,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151908],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151898,64],{"class":63},[57,151900,68],{"class":67},[57,151902,525],{"class":238},[57,151904,1997],{"class":1990},[57,151906,151907],{"class":238}," my_tuple",[57,151909,242],{"class":67},[57,151911,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,151913,64],{"class":63},[57,151915,68],{"class":67},[57,151917,146180],{"class":238},[57,151919,498],{"class":67},[57,151921,39424],{"class":238},[57,151923,68],{"class":67},[57,151925,552],{"class":238},[57,151927,84],{"class":67},[57,151929,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,151931,64],{"class":63},[57,151933,68],{"class":67},[57,151935,146180],{"class":238},[57,151937,498],{"class":67},[57,151939,34006],{"class":238},[57,151941,68],{"class":67},[57,151943,552],{"class":238},[57,151945,84],{"class":67},[15,151947,151948,151949,82570,151951,151953],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[19,151950,38868],{},[19,151952,552],{}," is missing.",[15,151955,127797],{},[48,151957,151959],{"className":50,"code":151958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[19,151960,151961,151973,151991,151997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151962,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151964,5126],{"class":1990},[57,151966,19736],{"class":285},[57,151968,1997],{"class":76},[57,151970,151907],{"class":285},[57,151972,4520],{"class":67},[57,151974,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,151976,6201],{"class":63},[57,151978,68],{"class":67},[57,151980,146180],{"class":238},[57,151982,498],{"class":67},[57,151984,34006],{"class":238},[57,151986,68],{"class":67},[57,151988,552],{"class":238},[57,151990,84],{"class":67},[57,151992,151993,151995],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,151994,25588],{"class":1990},[57,151996,4520],{"class":67},[57,151998,151999,152001,152003,152005,152007,152009],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,152000,6201],{"class":63},[57,152002,68],{"class":67},[57,152004,939],{"class":938},[57,152006,151432],{"class":942},[57,152008,939],{"class":938},[57,152010,242],{"class":67},[43,152012,1554],{"id":1553},[616,152014,3264,152016,10860],{"id":152015},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[19,152017,147367],{},[15,152019,152020],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[616,152022,152024],{"id":152023},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[15,152026,152027,150894],{},[19,152028,147367],{},[616,152030,147346],{"id":147345},[15,152032,75031,152033,498],{},[19,152034,38868],{},[616,152036,152038],{"id":152037},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[15,152040,152041,152042,2511,152044,152046],{},"Yes. You can use ",[19,152043,34233],{},[19,152045,50830],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[616,152048,13050,152050,55376,152052,572],{"id":152049},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[19,152051,147367],{},[19,152053,63038],{},[15,152055,152056],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[43,152058,1602],{"id":1601},[27,152060,152061,152067,152071,152076,152080],{},[30,152062,152063],{},[373,152064,147393,152065,8880],{"href":147445},[19,152066,55461],{},[30,152068,152069],{},[373,152070,147835],{"href":151261},[30,152072,152073],{},[373,152074,152075],{"href":149141},"Creating a tuple in Python",[30,152077,152078],{},[373,152079,64012],{"href":64011},[30,152081,152082],{},[373,152083,149089],{"href":150899},[1634,152085,152086],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":152088},[152089,152090,152092,152095,152096,152097,152098,152101,152102,152105,152114],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":150806,"depth":87,"text":152091},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221,"children":152093},[152094],{"id":15543,"depth":103,"text":15544},{"id":101552,"depth":87,"text":101553},{"id":151236,"depth":87,"text":151237},{"id":63802,"depth":87,"text":63803},{"id":63579,"depth":87,"text":64362,"children":152099},[152100],{"id":151588,"depth":103,"text":151589},{"id":151696,"depth":87,"text":151697},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913,"children":152103},[152104],{"id":58881,"depth":103,"text":58882},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":152106},[152107,152109,152110,152111,152112],{"id":152015,"depth":103,"text":152108},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":152023,"depth":103,"text":152024},{"id":147345,"depth":103,"text":147346},{"id":152037,"depth":103,"text":152038},{"id":152049,"depth":103,"text":152113},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":150701,"description":152115},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":152122,"title":152123,"body":152124,"description":153519,"extension":1666,"meta":153520,"navigation":317,"path":151261,"seo":153521,"stem":153522,"__hash__":153523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":8,"value":152125,"toc":153501},[152126,152129,152132,152135,152149,152151,152154,152248,152258,152264,152268,152271,152274,152276,152294,152296,152367,152369,152386,152390,152394,152397,152414,152417,152432,152434,152525,152528,152532,152535,152552,152554,152649,152652,152655,152659,152662,152756,152758,152777,152780,152784,152787,152789,152844,152846,152881,152884,152898,152906,152999,153008,153012,153015,153022,153025,153072,153074,153082,153085,153136,153138,153155,153160,153164,153167,153170,153172,153223,153226,153281,153284,153287,153289,153292,153312,153314,153387,153390,153403,153405,153409,153414,153418,153423,153440,153444,153447,153464,153468,153471,153473,153498],[11,152127,152123],{"id":152128},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[15,152130,152131],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[15,152133,152134],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[27,152136,152137,152140,152143,152146],{},[30,152138,152139],{},"positive indexes",[30,152141,152142],{},"negative indexes",[30,152144,152145],{},"common indexing mistakes",[30,152147,152148],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[43,152150,1714],{"id":1713},[15,152152,152153],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[48,152155,152157],{"className":50,"code":152156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[19,152158,152159,152191,152195,152212,152229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152160,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152162,11221],{"class":285},[57,152164,289],{"class":76},[57,152166,7373],{"class":67},[57,152168,939],{"class":938},[57,152170,11238],{"class":942},[57,152172,939],{"class":938},[57,152174,1081],{"class":67},[57,152176,1449],{"class":938},[57,152178,15605],{"class":942},[57,152180,939],{"class":938},[57,152182,1081],{"class":67},[57,152184,1449],{"class":938},[57,152186,11255],{"class":942},[57,152188,939],{"class":938},[57,152190,242],{"class":67},[57,152192,152193],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152194,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152196,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152198,64],{"class":63},[57,152200,68],{"class":67},[57,152202,15652],{"class":238},[57,152204,2015],{"class":67},[57,152206,182],{"class":80},[57,152208,18597],{"class":67},[57,152210,152211],{"class":1772},"   # red\n",[57,152213,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,152215,64],{"class":63},[57,152217,68],{"class":67},[57,152219,15652],{"class":238},[57,152221,2015],{"class":67},[57,152223,1078],{"class":80},[57,152225,18597],{"class":67},[57,152227,152228],{"class":1772},"   # green\n",[57,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,152232,64],{"class":63},[57,152234,68],{"class":67},[57,152236,15652],{"class":238},[57,152238,2015],{"class":67},[57,152240,77],{"class":76},[57,152242,1078],{"class":80},[57,152244,18597],{"class":67},[57,152246,152247],{"class":1772},"  # blue\n",[27,152249,152250,152255],{},[30,152251,130586,152252,152254],{},[19,152253,182],{}," is the first item.",[30,152256,152257],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[15,152259,152260,152261,498],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[373,152262,152263],{"href":146165},"how to create a tuple in Python",[43,152265,152267],{"id":152266},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[15,152269,152270],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[15,152272,152273],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[15,152275,9600],{},[27,152277,152278,152281,152288,152291],{},[30,152279,152280],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[30,152282,152283,152284,17114,152286],{},"Python starts counting at ",[19,152285,182],{},[19,152287,1078],{},[30,152289,152290],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[30,152292,152293],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[15,152295,275],{},[48,152297,152299],{"className":50,"code":152298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[19,152300,152301,152321,152325,152339,152353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152302,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152304,1724],{"class":285},[57,152306,289],{"class":76},[57,152308,7373],{"class":67},[57,152310,407],{"class":80},[57,152312,1081],{"class":67},[57,152314,5921],{"class":80},[57,152316,1081],{"class":67},[57,152318,5926],{"class":80},[57,152320,242],{"class":67},[57,152322,152323],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152324,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152326,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152328,64],{"class":63},[57,152330,68],{"class":67},[57,152332,1756],{"class":238},[57,152334,2015],{"class":67},[57,152336,182],{"class":80},[57,152338,2003],{"class":67},[57,152340,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,152342,64],{"class":63},[57,152344,68],{"class":67},[57,152346,1756],{"class":238},[57,152348,2015],{"class":67},[57,152350,1078],{"class":80},[57,152352,2003],{"class":67},[57,152354,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,152356,64],{"class":63},[57,152358,68],{"class":67},[57,152360,1756],{"class":238},[57,152362,2015],{"class":67},[57,152364,116],{"class":80},[57,152366,2003],{"class":67},[15,152368,131],{},[48,152370,152372],{"className":50,"code":152371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n20\n30\n",[19,152373,152374,152378,152382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152375,152376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152377,453],{"class":80},[57,152379,152380],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152381,69397],{"class":80},[57,152383,152384],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152385,68013],{"class":80},[15,152387,57564,152388,498],{},[373,152389,146162],{"href":146161},[43,152391,152393],{"id":152392},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[15,152395,152396],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[27,152398,152399,152404,152409],{},[30,152400,152401,152403],{},[19,152402,182],{}," = first item",[30,152405,152406,152408],{},[19,152407,1078],{}," = second item",[30,152410,152411,152413],{},[19,152412,116],{}," = third item",[15,152415,152416],{},"Pattern:",[48,152418,152420],{"className":50,"code":152419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name[index]\n",[19,152421,152422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152423,152424,152426,152428,152430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152425,150917],{"class":285},[57,152427,2015],{"class":67},[57,152429,34006],{"class":285},[57,152431,1742],{"class":67},[15,152433,275],{},[48,152435,152437],{"className":50,"code":152436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[19,152438,152439,152471,152475,152492,152508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152440,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152442,34400],{"class":285},[57,152444,289],{"class":76},[57,152446,7373],{"class":67},[57,152448,939],{"class":938},[57,152450,2195],{"class":942},[57,152452,939],{"class":938},[57,152454,1081],{"class":67},[57,152456,1449],{"class":938},[57,152458,2204],{"class":942},[57,152460,939],{"class":938},[57,152462,1081],{"class":67},[57,152464,1449],{"class":938},[57,152466,2213],{"class":942},[57,152468,939],{"class":938},[57,152470,242],{"class":67},[57,152472,152473],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152474,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152476,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152478,64],{"class":63},[57,152480,68],{"class":67},[57,152482,34452],{"class":238},[57,152484,2015],{"class":67},[57,152486,182],{"class":80},[57,152488,18597],{"class":67},[57,152490,152491],{"class":1772},"  # apple\n",[57,152493,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,152495,64],{"class":63},[57,152497,68],{"class":67},[57,152499,34452],{"class":238},[57,152501,2015],{"class":67},[57,152503,1078],{"class":80},[57,152505,18597],{"class":67},[57,152507,49655],{"class":1772},[57,152509,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,152511,64],{"class":63},[57,152513,68],{"class":67},[57,152515,34452],{"class":238},[57,152517,2015],{"class":67},[57,152519,116],{"class":80},[57,152521,18597],{"class":67},[57,152523,152524],{"class":1772},"  # cherry\n",[15,152526,152527],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[43,152529,152531],{"id":152530},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[15,152533,152534],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[27,152536,152537,152542,152547],{},[30,152538,152539,152541],{},[19,152540,64027],{}," = last item",[30,152543,152544,152546],{},[19,152545,93583],{}," = second-to-last item",[30,152548,152549,152551],{},[19,152550,45838],{}," = third-to-last item",[15,152553,275],{},[48,152555,152557],{"className":50,"code":152556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[19,152558,152559,152591,152595,152613,152631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152560,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152562,34400],{"class":285},[57,152564,289],{"class":76},[57,152566,7373],{"class":67},[57,152568,939],{"class":938},[57,152570,2195],{"class":942},[57,152572,939],{"class":938},[57,152574,1081],{"class":67},[57,152576,1449],{"class":938},[57,152578,2204],{"class":942},[57,152580,939],{"class":938},[57,152582,1081],{"class":67},[57,152584,1449],{"class":938},[57,152586,2213],{"class":942},[57,152588,939],{"class":938},[57,152590,242],{"class":67},[57,152592,152593],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152594,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152596,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152598,64],{"class":63},[57,152600,68],{"class":67},[57,152602,34452],{"class":238},[57,152604,2015],{"class":67},[57,152606,77],{"class":76},[57,152608,1078],{"class":80},[57,152610,18597],{"class":67},[57,152612,152524],{"class":1772},[57,152614,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,152616,64],{"class":63},[57,152618,68],{"class":67},[57,152620,34452],{"class":238},[57,152622,2015],{"class":67},[57,152624,77],{"class":76},[57,152626,116],{"class":80},[57,152628,18597],{"class":67},[57,152630,49655],{"class":1772},[57,152632,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,152634,64],{"class":63},[57,152636,68],{"class":67},[57,152638,34452],{"class":238},[57,152640,2015],{"class":67},[57,152642,77],{"class":76},[57,152644,122],{"class":80},[57,152646,18597],{"class":67},[57,152648,152491],{"class":1772},[15,152650,152651],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[15,152653,152654],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[43,152656,152658],{"id":152657},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[15,152660,152661],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[48,152663,152665],{"className":50,"code":152664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[19,152666,152667,152699,152703,152720,152737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152668,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152670,3116],{"class":285},[57,152672,289],{"class":76},[57,152674,7373],{"class":67},[57,152676,939],{"class":938},[57,152678,11025],{"class":942},[57,152680,939],{"class":938},[57,152682,1081],{"class":67},[57,152684,1449],{"class":938},[57,152686,34101],{"class":942},[57,152688,939],{"class":938},[57,152690,1081],{"class":67},[57,152692,1449],{"class":938},[57,152694,34110],{"class":942},[57,152696,939],{"class":938},[57,152698,242],{"class":67},[57,152700,152701],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152702,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152704,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152706,64],{"class":63},[57,152708,68],{"class":67},[57,152710,3160],{"class":238},[57,152712,2015],{"class":67},[57,152714,182],{"class":80},[57,152716,18597],{"class":67},[57,152718,152719],{"class":1772},"   # first item\n",[57,152721,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,152723,64],{"class":63},[57,152725,68],{"class":67},[57,152727,3160],{"class":238},[57,152729,2015],{"class":67},[57,152731,1078],{"class":80},[57,152733,18597],{"class":67},[57,152735,152736],{"class":1772},"   # middle item\n",[57,152738,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,152740,64],{"class":63},[57,152742,68],{"class":67},[57,152744,3160],{"class":238},[57,152746,2015],{"class":67},[57,152748,77],{"class":76},[57,152750,1078],{"class":80},[57,152752,18597],{"class":67},[57,152754,152755],{"class":1772},"  # last item\n",[15,152757,131],{},[48,152759,152761],{"className":50,"code":152760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[19,152762,152763,152767,152772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152764,152765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152766,48208],{"class":285},[57,152768,152769],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152770,152771],{"class":285},"Ben\n",[57,152773,152774],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152775,152776],{"class":285},"Cara\n",[15,152778,152779],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[43,152781,152783],{"id":152782},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[15,152785,152786],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[15,152788,275],{},[48,152790,152792],{"className":50,"code":152791,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[19,152793,152794,152826,152830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152795,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152797,34251],{"class":285},[57,152799,289],{"class":76},[57,152801,7373],{"class":67},[57,152803,939],{"class":938},[57,152805,373],{"class":942},[57,152807,939],{"class":938},[57,152809,1081],{"class":67},[57,152811,1449],{"class":938},[57,152813,2881],{"class":942},[57,152815,939],{"class":938},[57,152817,1081],{"class":67},[57,152819,1449],{"class":938},[57,152821,7877],{"class":942},[57,152823,939],{"class":938},[57,152825,242],{"class":67},[57,152827,152828],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152829,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152831,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152833,64],{"class":63},[57,152835,68],{"class":67},[57,152837,34304],{"class":238},[57,152839,2015],{"class":67},[57,152841,199],{"class":80},[57,152843,2003],{"class":67},[15,152845,131],{},[48,152847,152849],{"className":50,"code":152848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[19,152850,152851,152863,152868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152852,152853,152856,152858,152861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152854,152855],{"class":238},"Traceback ",[57,152857,68],{"class":67},[57,152859,152860],{"class":238},"most recent call last",[57,152862,6475],{"class":67},[57,152864,152865],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152866,152867],{"class":32611},"  ...\n",[57,152869,152870,152872,152874,152876,152879],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152871,68904],{"class":990},[57,152873,972],{"class":67},[57,152875,147528],{"class":990},[57,152877,152878],{"class":285}," index out of ",[57,152880,69096],{"class":63},[15,152882,152883],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[27,152885,152886,152890,152894],{},[30,152887,152888],{},[19,152889,182],{},[30,152891,152892],{},[19,152893,1078],{},[30,152895,152896],{},[19,152897,116],{},[15,152899,152900,152901,498],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[373,152902,152903,152905],{"href":147400},[19,152904,40526],{}," on a tuple",[48,152907,152909],{"className":50,"code":152908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[19,152910,152911,152943,152947,152963,152967,152985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152912,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152914,34251],{"class":285},[57,152916,289],{"class":76},[57,152918,7373],{"class":67},[57,152920,939],{"class":938},[57,152922,373],{"class":942},[57,152924,939],{"class":938},[57,152926,1081],{"class":67},[57,152928,1449],{"class":938},[57,152930,2881],{"class":942},[57,152932,939],{"class":938},[57,152934,1081],{"class":67},[57,152936,1449],{"class":938},[57,152938,7877],{"class":942},[57,152940,939],{"class":938},[57,152942,242],{"class":67},[57,152944,152945],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,152946,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152948,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,152950,64],{"class":63},[57,152952,68],{"class":67},[57,152954,9302],{"class":63},[57,152956,68],{"class":67},[57,152958,34304],{"class":238},[57,152960,3485],{"class":67},[57,152962,48939],{"class":1772},[57,152964,152965],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,152966,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,152968,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,152970,5126],{"class":1990},[57,152972,36549],{"class":63},[57,152974,68],{"class":67},[57,152976,34304],{"class":238},[57,152978,1769],{"class":67},[57,152980,36559],{"class":76},[57,152982,1084],{"class":80},[57,152984,4520],{"class":67},[57,152986,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,152988,6201],{"class":63},[57,152990,68],{"class":67},[57,152992,34304],{"class":238},[57,152994,2015],{"class":67},[57,152996,116],{"class":80},[57,152998,2003],{"class":67},[15,153000,153001,153002,498],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[373,153003,23833,153005],{"href":153004},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[19,153006,153007],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[43,153009,153011],{"id":153010},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[15,153013,153014],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[27,153016,153017,153019],{},[30,153018,75048],{},[30,153020,153021],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[15,153023,153024],{},"Indexing example:",[48,153026,153028],{"className":50,"code":153027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[19,153029,153030,153054,153058],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153031,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153033,1724],{"class":285},[57,153035,289],{"class":76},[57,153037,7373],{"class":67},[57,153039,407],{"class":80},[57,153041,1081],{"class":67},[57,153043,5921],{"class":80},[57,153045,1081],{"class":67},[57,153047,5926],{"class":80},[57,153049,1081],{"class":67},[57,153051,49012],{"class":80},[57,153053,242],{"class":67},[57,153055,153056],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153057,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,153059,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,153061,64],{"class":63},[57,153063,68],{"class":67},[57,153065,1756],{"class":238},[57,153067,2015],{"class":67},[57,153069,1078],{"class":80},[57,153071,2003],{"class":67},[15,153073,131],{},[48,153075,153076],{"className":50,"code":69397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,153077,153078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153079,153080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153081,69397],{"class":80},[15,153083,153084],{},"Slicing example:",[48,153086,153088],{"className":50,"code":153087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[19,153089,153090,153114,153118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153091,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153093,1724],{"class":285},[57,153095,289],{"class":76},[57,153097,7373],{"class":67},[57,153099,407],{"class":80},[57,153101,1081],{"class":67},[57,153103,5921],{"class":80},[57,153105,1081],{"class":67},[57,153107,5926],{"class":80},[57,153109,1081],{"class":67},[57,153111,49012],{"class":80},[57,153113,242],{"class":67},[57,153115,153116],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153117,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,153119,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,153121,64],{"class":63},[57,153123,68],{"class":67},[57,153125,1756],{"class":238},[57,153127,2015],{"class":67},[57,153129,1078],{"class":80},[57,153131,972],{"class":67},[57,153133,122],{"class":80},[57,153135,2003],{"class":67},[15,153137,131],{},[48,153139,153141],{"className":50,"code":153140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n",[19,153142,153143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153144,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153146,68],{"class":67},[57,153148,13902],{"class":80},[57,153150,1081],{"class":67},[57,153152,5926],{"class":80},[57,153154,242],{"class":67},[15,153156,153157,153158,498],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[373,153159,149079],{"href":149078},[43,153161,153163],{"id":153162},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[15,153165,153166],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[15,153168,153169],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[15,153171,4816],{},[48,153173,153175],{"className":50,"code":153174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[19,153176,153177,153209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153178,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153180,11221],{"class":285},[57,153182,289],{"class":76},[57,153184,7373],{"class":67},[57,153186,939],{"class":938},[57,153188,11238],{"class":942},[57,153190,939],{"class":938},[57,153192,1081],{"class":67},[57,153194,1449],{"class":938},[57,153196,15605],{"class":942},[57,153198,939],{"class":938},[57,153200,1081],{"class":67},[57,153202,1449],{"class":938},[57,153204,11255],{"class":942},[57,153206,939],{"class":938},[57,153208,242],{"class":67},[57,153210,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153212,64],{"class":63},[57,153214,68],{"class":67},[57,153216,15652],{"class":238},[57,153218,2015],{"class":67},[57,153220,1078],{"class":80},[57,153222,2003],{"class":67},[15,153224,153225],{},"But this does not work:",[48,153227,153229],{"className":50,"code":153228,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[19,153230,153231,153263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153232,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153234,11221],{"class":285},[57,153236,289],{"class":76},[57,153238,7373],{"class":67},[57,153240,939],{"class":938},[57,153242,11238],{"class":942},[57,153244,939],{"class":938},[57,153246,1081],{"class":67},[57,153248,1449],{"class":938},[57,153250,15605],{"class":942},[57,153252,939],{"class":938},[57,153254,1081],{"class":67},[57,153256,1449],{"class":938},[57,153258,11255],{"class":942},[57,153260,939],{"class":938},[57,153262,242],{"class":67},[57,153264,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153266,15652],{"class":285},[57,153268,2015],{"class":67},[57,153270,1078],{"class":80},[57,153272,11419],{"class":67},[57,153274,11422],{"class":76},[57,153276,1449],{"class":938},[57,153278,20676],{"class":942},[57,153280,1455],{"class":938},[15,153282,153283],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[15,153285,153286],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[43,153288,913],{"id":912},[15,153290,153291],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[27,153293,153294,153300,153303,153306],{},[30,153295,130890,153296,9232,153298],{},[19,153297,1078],{},[19,153299,182],{},[30,153301,153302],{},"Using an index that is too large",[30,153304,153305],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[30,153307,153308,153309],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[19,153310,153311],{},"tuple[index]",[15,153313,60467],{},[48,153315,153317],{"className":50,"code":153316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[19,153318,153319,153329,153343,153357,153373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153320,153321,153323,153325,153327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153322,64],{"class":63},[57,153324,68],{"class":67},[57,153326,146180],{"class":238},[57,153328,242],{"class":67},[57,153330,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153332,64],{"class":63},[57,153334,68],{"class":67},[57,153336,9302],{"class":63},[57,153338,68],{"class":67},[57,153340,146180],{"class":238},[57,153342,84],{"class":67},[57,153344,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,153346,64],{"class":63},[57,153348,68],{"class":67},[57,153350,146180],{"class":238},[57,153352,2015],{"class":67},[57,153354,182],{"class":80},[57,153356,2003],{"class":67},[57,153358,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,153360,64],{"class":63},[57,153362,68],{"class":67},[57,153364,146180],{"class":238},[57,153366,2015],{"class":67},[57,153368,77],{"class":76},[57,153370,1078],{"class":80},[57,153372,2003],{"class":67},[57,153374,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,153376,64],{"class":63},[57,153378,68],{"class":67},[57,153380,1315],{"class":990},[57,153382,68],{"class":67},[57,153384,146180],{"class":238},[57,153386,84],{"class":67},[15,153388,153389],{},"These can help you confirm:",[27,153391,153392,153395,153397,153400],{},[30,153393,153394],{},"what the tuple contains",[30,153396,58956],{},[30,153398,153399],{},"what the first and last items are",[30,153401,153402],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[43,153404,1554],{"id":1553},[616,153406,153408],{"id":153407},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[15,153410,153411,153412,498],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[19,153413,182],{},[616,153415,153417],{"id":153416},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[15,153419,154,153420,153422],{},[19,153421,64027],{}," as the index:",[48,153424,153426],{"className":50,"code":153425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[19,153427,153428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153429,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153431,146180],{"class":285},[57,153433,2015],{"class":67},[57,153435,77],{"class":76},[57,153437,1078],{"class":80},[57,153439,1742],{"class":67},[616,153441,153443],{"id":153442},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[15,153445,153446],{},"Python raises:",[48,153448,153450],{"className":50,"code":153449,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[19,153451,153452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153453,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153455,68904],{"class":990},[57,153457,972],{"class":67},[57,153459,147528],{"class":990},[57,153461,152878],{"class":285},[57,153463,69096],{"class":63},[616,153465,153467],{"id":153466},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[15,153469,153470],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[43,153472,1602],{"id":1601},[27,153474,153475,153480,153484,153488,153494],{},[30,153476,153477],{},[373,153478,153479],{"href":146165},"How to create a tuple in Python",[30,153481,153482],{},[373,153483,149079],{"href":149078},[30,153485,153486],{},[373,153487,149084],{"href":147400},[30,153489,153490],{},[373,153491,24276,153492],{"href":153004},[19,153493,153007],{},[30,153495,153496],{},[373,153497,146162],{"href":146161},[1634,153499,153500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":153502},[153503,153504,153505,153506,153507,153508,153509,153510,153511,153512,153518],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":152266,"depth":87,"text":152267},{"id":152392,"depth":87,"text":152393},{"id":152530,"depth":87,"text":152531},{"id":152657,"depth":87,"text":152658},{"id":152782,"depth":87,"text":152783},{"id":153010,"depth":87,"text":153011},{"id":153162,"depth":87,"text":153163},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":153513},[153514,153515,153516,153517],{"id":153407,"depth":103,"text":153408},{"id":153416,"depth":103,"text":153417},{"id":153442,"depth":103,"text":153443},{"id":153466,"depth":103,"text":153467},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":152123,"description":153519},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":153525,"title":153526,"body":153527,"description":155416,"extension":1666,"meta":155417,"navigation":317,"path":155418,"seo":155419,"stem":155420,"__hash__":155421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":8,"value":153528,"toc":155373},[153529,153535,153540,153591,153595,153603,153609,153611,153627,153629,153632,153647,153649,153662,153664,153721,153725,153733,153740,153746,153752,153756,153807,153811,153819,153823,153852,153856,153864,153868,153901,153905,153913,153917,153920,153971,153975,153983,153985,154002,154006,154010,154069,154073,154081,154084,154111,154115,154123,154127,154133,154208,154212,154249,154257,154261,154324,154328,154336,154341,154345,154351,154394,154398,154406,154412,154415,154462,154466,154474,154483,154489,154544,154548,154556,154559,154563,154565,154596,154600,154619,154622,154667,154671,154694,154700,154705,154707,154754,154759,154762,154810,154814,154822,154826,154831,154835,154885,154889,154904,154908,154966,154970,154985,154989,155060,155064,155073,155077,155156,155160,155182,155190,155192,155195,155220,155222,155275,155277,155294,155296,155300,155306,155311,155316,155320,155325,155329,155334,155340,155343,155345,155370],[11,153530,153532,153533,1769],{"id":153531},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[19,153534,9302],{},[15,153536,154,153537,153539],{},[19,153538,40526],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[48,153541,153543],{"className":50,"code":153542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[19,153544,153545,153577],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153546,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153548,11221],{"class":285},[57,153550,289],{"class":76},[57,153552,7373],{"class":67},[57,153554,939],{"class":938},[57,153556,11238],{"class":942},[57,153558,939],{"class":938},[57,153560,1081],{"class":67},[57,153562,1449],{"class":938},[57,153564,15605],{"class":942},[57,153566,939],{"class":938},[57,153568,1081],{"class":67},[57,153570,1449],{"class":938},[57,153572,11255],{"class":942},[57,153574,939],{"class":938},[57,153576,242],{"class":67},[57,153578,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153580,64],{"class":63},[57,153582,68],{"class":67},[57,153584,9302],{"class":63},[57,153586,68],{"class":67},[57,153588,15652],{"class":238},[57,153590,84],{"class":67},[15,153592,153593],{},[1854,153594,131],{},[48,153596,153597],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,153598,153599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153600,153601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153602,44784],{"class":80},[15,153604,154,153605,153608],{},[19,153606,153607],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[43,153610,13310],{"id":13309},[27,153612,153613,153618,153622,153625],{},[30,153614,2315,153615,153617],{},[19,153616,40526],{}," works with tuples",[30,153619,66431,153620,9848],{},[19,153621,40526],{},[30,153623,153624],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[30,153626,2637],{},[43,153628,221],{"id":220},[15,153630,153631],{},"Use this pattern:",[48,153633,153635],{"className":50,"code":153634,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(my_tuple)\n",[19,153636,153637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153638,153639,153641,153643,153645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153640,9302],{"class":63},[57,153642,68],{"class":67},[57,153644,146180],{"class":238},[57,153646,242],{"class":67},[15,153648,9600],{},[27,153650,153651,153654,153657],{},[30,153652,153653],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[30,153655,153656],{},"The result is an integer",[30,153658,153659,153661],{},[19,153660,40526],{}," does not change the tuple",[15,153663,275],{},[48,153665,153667],{"className":50,"code":153666,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[19,153668,153669,153693,153707,153711],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153670,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153672,1724],{"class":285},[57,153674,289],{"class":76},[57,153676,7373],{"class":67},[57,153678,407],{"class":80},[57,153680,1081],{"class":67},[57,153682,5921],{"class":80},[57,153684,1081],{"class":67},[57,153686,5926],{"class":80},[57,153688,1081],{"class":67},[57,153690,49012],{"class":80},[57,153692,242],{"class":67},[57,153694,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153696,39406],{"class":285},[57,153698,289],{"class":76},[57,153700,36549],{"class":63},[57,153702,68],{"class":67},[57,153704,1756],{"class":238},[57,153706,242],{"class":67},[57,153708,153709],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,153710,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,153712,153713,153715,153717,153719],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,153714,64],{"class":63},[57,153716,68],{"class":67},[57,153718,39424],{"class":238},[57,153720,242],{"class":67},[15,153722,153723],{},[1854,153724,131],{},[48,153726,153727],{"className":50,"code":46818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,153728,153729],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153730,153731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153732,46818],{"class":80},[15,153734,153735,153736,498],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[373,153737,1680,153738,1611],{"href":40523},[19,153739,40526],{},[43,153741,1787,153743,153745],{"id":153742},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[19,153744,40526],{}," returns for a tuple",[15,153747,153748,153749,153751],{},"For a tuple, ",[19,153750,40526],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[616,153753,153755],{"id":153754},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[48,153757,153759],{"className":50,"code":153758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[19,153760,153761,153793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153762,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153764,34400],{"class":285},[57,153766,289],{"class":76},[57,153768,7373],{"class":67},[57,153770,939],{"class":938},[57,153772,2195],{"class":942},[57,153774,939],{"class":938},[57,153776,1081],{"class":67},[57,153778,1449],{"class":938},[57,153780,2204],{"class":942},[57,153782,939],{"class":938},[57,153784,1081],{"class":67},[57,153786,1449],{"class":938},[57,153788,31378],{"class":942},[57,153790,939],{"class":938},[57,153792,242],{"class":67},[57,153794,153795,153797,153799,153801,153803,153805],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153796,64],{"class":63},[57,153798,68],{"class":67},[57,153800,9302],{"class":63},[57,153802,68],{"class":67},[57,153804,34452],{"class":238},[57,153806,84],{"class":67},[15,153808,153809],{},[1854,153810,131],{},[48,153812,153813],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,153814,153815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153816,153817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153818,44784],{"class":80},[616,153820,153822],{"id":153821},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[48,153824,153826],{"className":50,"code":153825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[19,153827,153828,153837],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153829,153830,153833,153835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153831,153832],{"class":285},"empty_tuple ",[57,153834,289],{"class":76},[57,153836,147504],{"class":67},[57,153838,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847,153850],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153840,64],{"class":63},[57,153842,68],{"class":67},[57,153844,9302],{"class":63},[57,153846,68],{"class":67},[57,153848,153849],{"class":238},"empty_tuple",[57,153851,84],{"class":67},[15,153853,153854],{},[1854,153855,131],{},[48,153857,153858],{"className":50,"code":45419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,153859,153860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153861,153862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153863,45419],{"class":80},[616,153865,153867],{"id":153866},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[48,153869,153871],{"className":50,"code":153870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[19,153872,153873,153886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153874,153875,153878,153880,153882,153884],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153876,153877],{"class":285},"single_value ",[57,153879,289],{"class":76},[57,153881,7373],{"class":67},[57,153883,199],{"class":80},[57,153885,147518],{"class":67},[57,153887,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153899],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153889,64],{"class":63},[57,153891,68],{"class":67},[57,153893,9302],{"class":63},[57,153895,68],{"class":67},[57,153897,153898],{"class":238},"single_value",[57,153900,84],{"class":67},[15,153902,153903],{},[1854,153904,131],{},[48,153906,153907],{"className":50,"code":45084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,153908,153909],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153910,153911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153912,45084],{"class":80},[616,153914,153916],{"id":153915},"nested-items","Nested items",[15,153918,153919],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[48,153921,153923],{"className":50,"code":153922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[19,153924,153925,153957],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153926,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953,153955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153928,7302],{"class":285},[57,153930,289],{"class":76},[57,153932,7373],{"class":67},[57,153934,1078],{"class":80},[57,153936,1081],{"class":67},[57,153938,7373],{"class":67},[57,153940,116],{"class":80},[57,153942,1081],{"class":67},[57,153944,530],{"class":80},[57,153946,7370],{"class":67},[57,153948,1729],{"class":67},[57,153950,585],{"class":80},[57,153952,1081],{"class":67},[57,153954,2724],{"class":80},[57,153956,2003],{"class":67},[57,153958,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,153960,64],{"class":63},[57,153962,68],{"class":67},[57,153964,9302],{"class":63},[57,153966,68],{"class":67},[57,153968,7341],{"class":238},[57,153970,84],{"class":67},[15,153972,153973],{},[1854,153974,131],{},[48,153976,153977],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,153978,153979],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153980,153981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153982,44784],{"class":80},[15,153984,18108],{},[27,153986,153987,153992,153997],{},[30,153988,153989,153991],{},[19,153990,1078],{}," is one item",[30,153993,153994,153991],{},[19,153995,153996],{},"(2, 3)",[30,153998,153999,153991],{},[19,154000,154001],{},"[4, 5]",[43,154003,154005],{"id":154004},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[616,154007,154009],{"id":154008},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[48,154011,154013],{"className":50,"code":154012,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[19,154014,154015,154055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154016,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154018,11221],{"class":285},[57,154020,289],{"class":76},[57,154022,7373],{"class":67},[57,154024,939],{"class":938},[57,154026,11238],{"class":942},[57,154028,939],{"class":938},[57,154030,1081],{"class":67},[57,154032,1449],{"class":938},[57,154034,15605],{"class":942},[57,154036,939],{"class":938},[57,154038,1081],{"class":67},[57,154040,1449],{"class":938},[57,154042,11255],{"class":942},[57,154044,939],{"class":938},[57,154046,1081],{"class":67},[57,154048,1449],{"class":938},[57,154050,20676],{"class":942},[57,154052,939],{"class":938},[57,154054,242],{"class":67},[57,154056,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154058,64],{"class":63},[57,154060,68],{"class":67},[57,154062,9302],{"class":63},[57,154064,68],{"class":67},[57,154066,15652],{"class":238},[57,154068,84],{"class":67},[15,154070,154071],{},[1854,154072,131],{},[48,154074,154075],{"className":50,"code":46818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,154076,154077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154078,154079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154080,46818],{"class":80},[616,154082,153822],{"id":154083},"empty-tuple-1",[48,154085,154087],{"className":50,"code":154086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[19,154088,154089,154097],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154090,154091,154093,154095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154092,5910],{"class":285},[57,154094,289],{"class":76},[57,154096,147504],{"class":67},[57,154098,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154100,64],{"class":63},[57,154102,68],{"class":67},[57,154104,9302],{"class":63},[57,154106,68],{"class":67},[57,154108,5941],{"class":238},[57,154110,84],{"class":67},[15,154112,154113],{},[1854,154114,131],{},[48,154116,154117],{"className":50,"code":45419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,154118,154119],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154120,154121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154122,45419],{"class":80},[616,154124,154126],{"id":154125},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[15,154128,154129,154130,154132],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[1854,154131,2750],{}," always a tuple.",[48,154134,154136],{"className":50,"code":154135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[19,154137,154138,154150,154162,154166,154180,154194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154139,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154141,636],{"class":285},[57,154143,289],{"class":76},[57,154145,7373],{"class":67},[57,154147,199],{"class":80},[57,154149,242],{"class":67},[57,154151,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154153,664],{"class":285},[57,154155,289],{"class":76},[57,154157,7373],{"class":67},[57,154159,199],{"class":80},[57,154161,147518],{"class":67},[57,154163,154164],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,154165,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,154167,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,154169,64],{"class":63},[57,154171,68],{"class":67},[57,154173,1315],{"class":990},[57,154175,68],{"class":67},[57,154177,373],{"class":238},[57,154179,84],{"class":67},[57,154181,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,154183,64],{"class":63},[57,154185,68],{"class":67},[57,154187,1315],{"class":990},[57,154189,68],{"class":67},[57,154191,2881],{"class":238},[57,154193,84],{"class":67},[57,154195,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,154197,64],{"class":63},[57,154199,68],{"class":67},[57,154201,9302],{"class":63},[57,154203,68],{"class":67},[57,154205,2881],{"class":238},[57,154207,84],{"class":67},[15,154209,154210],{},[1854,154211,131],{},[48,154213,154215],{"className":50,"code":154214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[19,154216,154217,154231,154245],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154218,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154220,1384],{"class":76},[57,154222,1387],{"class":125},[57,154224,1390],{"class":938},[57,154226,255],{"class":942},[57,154228,1395],{"class":938},[57,154230,1398],{"class":76},[57,154232,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154234,1384],{"class":76},[57,154236,1387],{"class":125},[57,154238,1390],{"class":938},[57,154240,47121],{"class":942},[57,154242,1395],{"class":938},[57,154244,1398],{"class":76},[57,154246,154247],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,154248,45084],{"class":80},[15,154250,154251,154252,2511,154255,498],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[373,154253,154254],{"href":146165},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[373,154256,147466],{"href":147465},[616,154258,154260],{"id":154259},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[48,154262,154264],{"className":50,"code":154263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[19,154265,154266,154310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154269,57644],{"class":285},[57,154271,289],{"class":76},[57,154273,7373],{"class":67},[57,154275,939],{"class":938},[57,154277,2195],{"class":942},[57,154279,939],{"class":938},[57,154281,1081],{"class":67},[57,154283,1729],{"class":67},[57,154285,1078],{"class":80},[57,154287,1081],{"class":67},[57,154289,1084],{"class":80},[57,154291,16212],{"class":67},[57,154293,7373],{"class":67},[57,154295,939],{"class":938},[57,154297,239],{"class":942},[57,154299,939],{"class":938},[57,154301,1081],{"class":67},[57,154303,1449],{"class":938},[57,154305,9888],{"class":942},[57,154307,939],{"class":938},[57,154309,84],{"class":67},[57,154311,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154313,64],{"class":63},[57,154315,68],{"class":67},[57,154317,9302],{"class":63},[57,154319,68],{"class":67},[57,154321,57697],{"class":238},[57,154323,84],{"class":67},[15,154325,154326],{},[1854,154327,131],{},[48,154329,154330],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,154331,154332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154333,154334],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154335,44784],{"class":80},[15,154337,154338,154340],{},[19,154339,40526],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[43,154342,154344],{"id":154343},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[616,154346,154348,154350],{"id":154347},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[19,154349,40526],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[48,154352,154354],{"className":50,"code":154353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[19,154355,154356,154380],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154357,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154359,2186],{"class":285},[57,154361,289],{"class":76},[57,154363,7373],{"class":67},[57,154365,939],{"class":938},[57,154367,61768],{"class":942},[57,154369,939],{"class":938},[57,154371,1081],{"class":67},[57,154373,1449],{"class":938},[57,154375,52],{"class":942},[57,154377,939],{"class":938},[57,154379,242],{"class":67},[57,154381,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154383,64],{"class":63},[57,154385,68],{"class":67},[57,154387,9302],{"class":63},[57,154389,68],{"class":67},[57,154391,2230],{"class":238},[57,154393,84],{"class":67},[15,154395,154396],{},[1854,154397,131],{},[48,154399,154400],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,154401,154402],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154403,154404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154405,15205],{"class":80},[15,154407,154408,154409,154411],{},"This result is ",[19,154410,116],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[15,154413,154414],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[48,154416,154418],{"className":50,"code":154417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[19,154419,154420,154444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154421,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154423,2186],{"class":285},[57,154425,289],{"class":76},[57,154427,7373],{"class":67},[57,154429,939],{"class":938},[57,154431,61768],{"class":942},[57,154433,939],{"class":938},[57,154435,1081],{"class":67},[57,154437,1449],{"class":938},[57,154439,52],{"class":942},[57,154441,939],{"class":938},[57,154443,242],{"class":67},[57,154445,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154447,64],{"class":63},[57,154449,68],{"class":67},[57,154451,9302],{"class":63},[57,154453,68],{"class":67},[57,154455,2230],{"class":238},[57,154457,2015],{"class":67},[57,154459,182],{"class":80},[57,154461,1091],{"class":67},[15,154463,154464],{},[1854,154465,131],{},[48,154467,154468],{"className":50,"code":15205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,154469,154470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154471,154472],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154473,15205],{"class":80},[15,154475,18922,154476,154479,154480,498],{},[19,154477,154478],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[19,154481,154482],{},"\"hi\"",[616,154484,154486,154488],{"id":154485},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[19,154487,40526],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[48,154490,154492],{"className":50,"code":154491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[19,154493,154494,154530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154495,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154497,1935],{"class":285},[57,154499,289],{"class":76},[57,154501,8133],{"class":67},[57,154503,1078],{"class":80},[57,154505,1081],{"class":67},[57,154507,1084],{"class":80},[57,154509,7370],{"class":67},[57,154511,7373],{"class":67},[57,154513,122],{"class":80},[57,154515,1081],{"class":67},[57,154517,536],{"class":80},[57,154519,7370],{"class":67},[57,154521,7373],{"class":67},[57,154523,199],{"class":80},[57,154525,1081],{"class":67},[57,154527,35806],{"class":80},[57,154529,84],{"class":67},[57,154531,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154533,64],{"class":63},[57,154535,68],{"class":67},[57,154537,9302],{"class":63},[57,154539,68],{"class":67},[57,154541,3482],{"class":238},[57,154543,84],{"class":67},[15,154545,154546],{},[1854,154547,131],{},[48,154549,154550],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,154551,154552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154553,154554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154555,44784],{"class":80},[15,154557,154558],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[616,154560,154562],{"id":154561},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[15,154564,23844],{},[48,154566,154568],{"className":50,"code":154567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[19,154569,154570,154582],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154571,154572,154574,154576,154578,154580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154573,525],{"class":285},[57,154575,289],{"class":76},[57,154577,7373],{"class":67},[57,154579,407],{"class":80},[57,154581,242],{"class":67},[57,154583,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154585,64],{"class":63},[57,154587,68],{"class":67},[57,154589,1315],{"class":990},[57,154591,68],{"class":67},[57,154593,552],{"class":238},[57,154595,84],{"class":67},[15,154597,154598],{},[1854,154599,131],{},[48,154601,154603],{"className":50,"code":154602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[19,154604,154605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154606,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154608,1384],{"class":76},[57,154610,1387],{"class":125},[57,154612,1390],{"class":938},[57,154614,255],{"class":942},[57,154616,1395],{"class":938},[57,154618,1398],{"class":76},[15,154620,154621],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[48,154623,154625],{"className":50,"code":154624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[19,154626,154627,154639,154653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154628,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154630,525],{"class":285},[57,154632,289],{"class":76},[57,154634,7373],{"class":67},[57,154636,407],{"class":80},[57,154638,147518],{"class":67},[57,154640,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649,154651],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154642,64],{"class":63},[57,154644,68],{"class":67},[57,154646,1315],{"class":990},[57,154648,68],{"class":67},[57,154650,552],{"class":238},[57,154652,84],{"class":67},[57,154654,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,154656,64],{"class":63},[57,154658,68],{"class":67},[57,154660,9302],{"class":63},[57,154662,68],{"class":67},[57,154664,552],{"class":238},[57,154666,84],{"class":67},[15,154668,154669],{},[1854,154670,131],{},[48,154672,154674],{"className":50,"code":154673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[19,154675,154676,154690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154677,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154679,1384],{"class":76},[57,154681,1387],{"class":125},[57,154683,1390],{"class":938},[57,154685,47121],{"class":942},[57,154687,1395],{"class":938},[57,154689,1398],{"class":76},[57,154691,154692],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154693,45084],{"class":80},[616,154695,154697,154699],{"id":154696},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[19,154698,9302],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[15,154701,42595,154702,154704],{},[19,154703,9302],{}," as a variable name.",[15,154706,42626],{},[48,154708,154710],{"className":50,"code":154709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[19,154711,154712,154720,154740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154713,154714,154716,154718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154715,9302],{"class":63},[57,154717,11422],{"class":76},[57,154719,669],{"class":80},[57,154721,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154723,1724],{"class":285},[57,154725,289],{"class":76},[57,154727,7373],{"class":67},[57,154729,1078],{"class":80},[57,154731,1081],{"class":67},[57,154733,1084],{"class":80},[57,154735,1081],{"class":67},[57,154737,530],{"class":80},[57,154739,242],{"class":67},[57,154741,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,154743,64],{"class":63},[57,154745,68],{"class":67},[57,154747,9302],{"class":63},[57,154749,68],{"class":67},[57,154751,1756],{"class":238},[57,154753,84],{"class":67},[15,154755,37817,154756,154758],{},[19,154757,9302],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[15,154760,154761],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[48,154763,154765],{"className":50,"code":154764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[19,154766,154767,154776,154796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154768,154769,154772,154774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154770,154771],{"class":285},"length_value ",[57,154773,289],{"class":76},[57,154775,669],{"class":80},[57,154777,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154779,1724],{"class":285},[57,154781,289],{"class":76},[57,154783,7373],{"class":67},[57,154785,1078],{"class":80},[57,154787,1081],{"class":67},[57,154789,1084],{"class":80},[57,154791,1081],{"class":67},[57,154793,530],{"class":80},[57,154795,242],{"class":67},[57,154797,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,154799,64],{"class":63},[57,154801,68],{"class":67},[57,154803,9302],{"class":63},[57,154805,68],{"class":67},[57,154807,1756],{"class":238},[57,154809,84],{"class":67},[15,154811,154812],{},[1854,154813,131],{},[48,154815,154816],{"className":50,"code":44784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,154817,154818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154819,154820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154821,44784],{"class":80},[43,154823,154825],{"id":154824},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[15,154827,154828,154830],{},[19,154829,40526],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[616,154832,154834],{"id":154833},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[48,154836,154838],{"className":50,"code":154837,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[19,154839,154840,154848,154852,154870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154841,154842,154844,154846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154843,5910],{"class":285},[57,154845,289],{"class":76},[57,154847,147504],{"class":67},[57,154849,154850],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154851,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,154853,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,154855,5126],{"class":1990},[57,154857,36549],{"class":63},[57,154859,68],{"class":67},[57,154861,5941],{"class":238},[57,154863,1769],{"class":67},[57,154865,4535],{"class":76},[57,154867,1946],{"class":80},[57,154869,4520],{"class":67},[57,154871,154872,154874,154876,154878,154881,154883],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,154873,6201],{"class":63},[57,154875,68],{"class":67},[57,154877,939],{"class":938},[57,154879,154880],{"class":942},"The tuple is empty",[57,154882,939],{"class":938},[57,154884,242],{"class":67},[15,154886,154887],{},[1854,154888,131],{},[48,154890,154892],{"className":50,"code":154891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The tuple is empty\n",[19,154893,154894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154895,154896,154898,154900,154902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154897,17],{"class":285},[57,154899,47121],{"class":990},[57,154901,6229],{"class":76},[57,154903,6235],{"class":285},[616,154905,154907],{"id":154906},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[48,154909,154911],{"className":50,"code":154910,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[19,154912,154913,154929,154933,154951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154914,154915,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154916,49554],{"class":285},[57,154918,289],{"class":76},[57,154920,7373],{"class":67},[57,154922,585],{"class":80},[57,154924,1081],{"class":67},[57,154926,4119],{"class":80},[57,154928,242],{"class":67},[57,154930,154931],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,154932,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,154934,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,154936,5126],{"class":1990},[57,154938,36549],{"class":63},[57,154940,68],{"class":67},[57,154942,49579],{"class":238},[57,154944,1769],{"class":67},[57,154946,4535],{"class":76},[57,154948,1084],{"class":80},[57,154950,4520],{"class":67},[57,154952,154953,154955,154957,154959,154962,154964],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,154954,6201],{"class":63},[57,154956,68],{"class":67},[57,154958,939],{"class":938},[57,154960,154961],{"class":942},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[57,154963,939],{"class":938},[57,154965,242],{"class":67},[15,154967,154968],{},[1854,154969,131],{},[48,154971,154973],{"className":50,"code":154972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[19,154974,154975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154976,154977,154980,154982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154978,154979],{"class":285},"This looks like an x",[57,154981,1081],{"class":67},[57,154983,154984],{"class":285}," y coordinate\n",[616,154986,154988],{"id":154987},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[48,154990,154992],{"className":50,"code":154991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[19,154993,154994,155023,155027,155045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154995,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155019,155021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154997,9630],{"class":285},[57,154999,289],{"class":76},[57,155001,7373],{"class":67},[57,155003,939],{"class":938},[57,155005,11025],{"class":942},[57,155007,939],{"class":938},[57,155009,1081],{"class":67},[57,155011,7443],{"class":80},[57,155013,1081],{"class":67},[57,155015,1449],{"class":938},[57,155017,155018],{"class":942},"Canada",[57,155020,939],{"class":938},[57,155022,242],{"class":67},[57,155024,155025],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155026,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,155028,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039,155041,155043],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155030,5126],{"class":1990},[57,155032,36549],{"class":63},[57,155034,68],{"class":67},[57,155036,9724],{"class":238},[57,155038,1769],{"class":67},[57,155040,4535],{"class":76},[57,155042,530],{"class":80},[57,155044,4520],{"class":67},[57,155046,155047,155049,155051,155053,155056,155058],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,155048,6201],{"class":63},[57,155050,68],{"class":67},[57,155052,939],{"class":938},[57,155054,155055],{"class":942},"User record has the expected number of values",[57,155057,939],{"class":938},[57,155059,242],{"class":67},[15,155061,155062],{},[1854,155063,131],{},[48,155065,155067],{"className":50,"code":155066,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[19,155068,155069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155070,155071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155072,155066],{"class":285},[616,155074,155076],{"id":155075},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[48,155078,155080],{"className":50,"code":155079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[19,155081,155082,155114,155118,155138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155083,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155085,34251],{"class":285},[57,155087,289],{"class":76},[57,155089,7373],{"class":67},[57,155091,939],{"class":938},[57,155093,373],{"class":942},[57,155095,939],{"class":938},[57,155097,1081],{"class":67},[57,155099,1449],{"class":938},[57,155101,2881],{"class":942},[57,155103,939],{"class":938},[57,155105,1081],{"class":67},[57,155107,1449],{"class":938},[57,155109,7877],{"class":942},[57,155111,939],{"class":938},[57,155113,242],{"class":67},[57,155115,155116],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155117,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,155119,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155121,4083],{"class":1990},[57,155123,67721],{"class":285},[57,155125,1997],{"class":1990},[57,155127,52240],{"class":63},[57,155129,68],{"class":67},[57,155131,9302],{"class":63},[57,155133,68],{"class":67},[57,155135,34304],{"class":238},[57,155137,67736],{"class":67},[57,155139,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,155141,6201],{"class":63},[57,155143,68],{"class":67},[57,155145,34315],{"class":238},[57,155147,1081],{"class":67},[57,155149,68269],{"class":238},[57,155151,2015],{"class":67},[57,155153,34315],{"class":238},[57,155155,2003],{"class":67},[15,155157,155158],{},[1854,155159,131],{},[48,155161,155162],{"className":50,"code":34327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,155163,155164,155170,155176],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155165,155166,155168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155167,182],{"class":80},[57,155169,34336],{"class":285},[57,155171,155172,155174],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155173,1078],{"class":80},[57,155175,34343],{"class":285},[57,155177,155178,155180],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155179,116],{"class":80},[57,155181,34350],{"class":285},[15,155183,155184,155185,155187,155188,498],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[373,155186,147835],{"href":147834},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[373,155189,149079],{"href":149078},[43,155191,913],{"id":912},[15,155193,155194],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[27,155196,155197,155205,155212,155217],{},[30,155198,155199,155200,9232,155203],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[19,155201,155202],{},"(5)",[19,155204,147669],{},[30,155206,6551,155207,155209,155210],{},[19,155208,9302],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[19,155211,40526],{},[30,155213,6587,155214,155216],{},[19,155215,40526],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[30,155218,155219],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[15,155221,30239],{},[48,155223,155225],{"className":50,"code":155224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[19,155226,155227,155237,155251,155265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155228,155229,155231,155233,155235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155230,64],{"class":63},[57,155232,68],{"class":67},[57,155234,146180],{"class":238},[57,155236,242],{"class":67},[57,155238,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247,155249],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155240,64],{"class":63},[57,155242,68],{"class":67},[57,155244,1315],{"class":990},[57,155246,68],{"class":67},[57,155248,146180],{"class":238},[57,155250,84],{"class":67},[57,155252,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155254,64],{"class":63},[57,155256,68],{"class":67},[57,155258,9302],{"class":63},[57,155260,68],{"class":67},[57,155262,146180],{"class":238},[57,155264,84],{"class":67},[57,155266,155267,155269,155271,155273],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,155268,30309],{"class":63},[57,155270,68],{"class":67},[57,155272,9302],{"class":63},[57,155274,242],{"class":67},[15,155276,153389],{},[27,155278,155279,155282,155285,155289],{},[30,155280,155281],{},"what value you are using",[30,155283,155284],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[30,155286,24173,155287,9848],{},[19,155288,40526],{},[30,155290,121553,155291,155293],{},[19,155292,40526],{}," is documented in Python",[43,155295,1554],{"id":1553},[616,155297,155299],{"id":155298},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[15,155301,154,155302,155305],{},[19,155303,155304],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[616,155307,10848,155309,147339],{"id":155308},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[19,155310,40526],{},[15,155312,44532,155313,155315],{},[19,155314,40526],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[616,155317,155319],{"id":155318},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[15,155321,155322,155323,498],{},"The length is ",[19,155324,182],{},[616,155326,155328],{"id":155327},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[15,155330,149025,155331,155333],{},[19,155332,149028],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[616,155335,10848,155337,155339],{"id":155336},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[19,155338,40526],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[15,155341,155342],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[43,155344,1602],{"id":1601},[27,155346,155347,155353,155357,155361,155365],{},[30,155348,155349],{},[373,155350,1680,155351,1611],{"href":40523},[19,155352,40526],{},[30,155354,155355],{},[373,155356,154254],{"href":146165},[30,155358,155359],{},[373,155360,147835],{"href":147834},[30,155362,155363],{},[373,155364,149079],{"href":149078},[30,155366,155367],{},[373,155368,155369],{"href":147465},"What is a tuple in Python",[1634,155371,155372],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":155374},[155375,155376,155377,155384,155390,155399,155405,155406,155415],{"id":13309,"depth":87,"text":13310},{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":153742,"depth":87,"text":155378,"children":155379},"What len() returns for a tuple",[155380,155381,155382,155383],{"id":153754,"depth":103,"text":153755},{"id":153821,"depth":103,"text":153822},{"id":153866,"depth":103,"text":153867},{"id":153915,"depth":103,"text":153916},{"id":154004,"depth":87,"text":154005,"children":155385},[155386,155387,155388,155389],{"id":154008,"depth":103,"text":154009},{"id":154083,"depth":103,"text":153822},{"id":154125,"depth":103,"text":154126},{"id":154259,"depth":103,"text":154260},{"id":154343,"depth":87,"text":154344,"children":155391},[155392,155394,155396,155397],{"id":154347,"depth":103,"text":155393},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":154485,"depth":103,"text":155395},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":154561,"depth":103,"text":154562},{"id":154696,"depth":103,"text":155398},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":154824,"depth":87,"text":154825,"children":155400},[155401,155402,155403,155404],{"id":154833,"depth":103,"text":154834},{"id":154906,"depth":103,"text":154907},{"id":154987,"depth":103,"text":154988},{"id":155075,"depth":103,"text":155076},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":155407},[155408,155409,155411,155412,155413],{"id":155298,"depth":103,"text":155299},{"id":155308,"depth":103,"text":155410},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":155318,"depth":103,"text":155319},{"id":155327,"depth":103,"text":155328},{"id":155336,"depth":103,"text":155414},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":153526,"description":155416},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":155423,"title":155424,"body":155425,"description":157810,"extension":1666,"meta":157811,"navigation":317,"path":157812,"seo":157813,"stem":157814,"__hash__":157815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":8,"value":155426,"toc":157771},[155427,155430,155433,155436,155459,155465,155467,155578,155582,155585,155595,155597,155696,155698,155775,155781,155785,155788,155811,155814,155831,155834,155836,155899,155901,155918,155929,155934,155936,155939,155945,155996,155998,156018,156022,156073,156075,156096,156100,156155,156157,156178,156182,156237,156239,156260,156264,156317,156319,156348,156350,156352,156355,156359,156416,156418,156439,156443,156496,156498,156523,156528,156532,156537,156555,156558,156621,156623,156644,156647,156708,156710,156731,156734,156777,156780,156784,156789,156793,156872,156874,156905,156909,156984,156986,157013,157017,157064,157066,157074,157079,157083,157086,157101,157103,157191,157193,157218,157221,157264,157273,157275,157278,157293,157296,157300,157354,157356,157376,157381,157385,157387,157425,157428,157478,157482,157555,157557,157594,157597,157599,157602,157622,157625,157694,157696,157709,157711,157715,157718,157722,157725,157730,157733,157739,157744,157746,157768],[11,155428,155424],{"id":155429},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[15,155431,155432],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[15,155434,155435],{},"Use this format:",[48,155437,155439],{"className":50,"code":155438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[19,155440,155441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155442,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155444,47121],{"class":285},[57,155446,2015],{"class":67},[57,155448,34233],{"class":285},[57,155450,972],{"class":67},[57,155452,73599],{"class":285},[57,155454,972],{"class":67},[57,155456,73602],{"class":285},[57,155458,1742],{"class":67},[15,155460,17,155461,73635,155463,498],{},[19,155462,73599],{},[1854,155464,63242],{},[43,155466,46],{"id":45},[48,155468,155470],{"className":50,"code":155469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[19,155471,155472,155500,155504,155525,155542,155559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155473,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155475,1724],{"class":285},[57,155477,289],{"class":76},[57,155479,7373],{"class":67},[57,155481,407],{"class":80},[57,155483,1081],{"class":67},[57,155485,5921],{"class":80},[57,155487,1081],{"class":67},[57,155489,5926],{"class":80},[57,155491,1081],{"class":67},[57,155493,49012],{"class":80},[57,155495,1081],{"class":67},[57,155497,3202],{"class":80},[57,155499,242],{"class":67},[57,155501,155502],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155503,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,155505,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155507,64],{"class":63},[57,155509,68],{"class":67},[57,155511,1756],{"class":238},[57,155513,2015],{"class":67},[57,155515,1078],{"class":80},[57,155517,972],{"class":67},[57,155519,585],{"class":80},[57,155521,18597],{"class":67},[57,155523,155524],{"class":1772},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[57,155526,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,155528,64],{"class":63},[57,155530,68],{"class":67},[57,155532,1756],{"class":238},[57,155534,73708],{"class":67},[57,155536,122],{"class":80},[57,155538,18597],{"class":67},[57,155540,155541],{"class":1772},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[57,155543,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552,155554,155556],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,155545,64],{"class":63},[57,155547,68],{"class":67},[57,155549,1756],{"class":238},[57,155551,72295],{"class":67},[57,155553,116],{"class":80},[57,155555,18597],{"class":67},[57,155557,155558],{"class":1772},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[57,155560,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,155562,64],{"class":63},[57,155564,68],{"class":67},[57,155566,1756],{"class":238},[57,155568,72295],{"class":67},[57,155570,77],{"class":76},[57,155572,1078],{"class":80},[57,155574,18597],{"class":67},[57,155576,155577],{"class":1772},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[43,155579,155581],{"id":155580},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[15,155583,155584],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[27,155586,155587,155589,155592],{},[30,155588,73902],{},[30,155590,155591],{},"The result is a new tuple",[30,155593,155594],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[15,155596,275],{},[48,155598,155600],{"className":50,"code":155599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[19,155601,155602,155650,155654,155672,155676,155686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155603,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155605,34251],{"class":285},[57,155607,289],{"class":76},[57,155609,7373],{"class":67},[57,155611,939],{"class":938},[57,155613,373],{"class":942},[57,155615,939],{"class":938},[57,155617,1081],{"class":67},[57,155619,1449],{"class":938},[57,155621,2881],{"class":942},[57,155623,939],{"class":938},[57,155625,1081],{"class":67},[57,155627,1449],{"class":938},[57,155629,7877],{"class":942},[57,155631,939],{"class":938},[57,155633,1081],{"class":67},[57,155635,1449],{"class":938},[57,155637,16918],{"class":942},[57,155639,939],{"class":938},[57,155641,1081],{"class":67},[57,155643,1449],{"class":938},[57,155645,58619],{"class":942},[57,155647,939],{"class":938},[57,155649,242],{"class":67},[57,155651,155652],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155653,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,155655,155656,155658,155660,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155657,73832],{"class":285},[57,155659,289],{"class":76},[57,155661,68269],{"class":285},[57,155663,2015],{"class":67},[57,155665,1078],{"class":80},[57,155667,972],{"class":67},[57,155669,585],{"class":80},[57,155671,1742],{"class":67},[57,155673,155674],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,155675,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,155677,155678,155680,155682,155684],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,155679,64],{"class":63},[57,155681,68],{"class":67},[57,155683,73855],{"class":238},[57,155685,242],{"class":67},[57,155687,155688,155690,155692,155694],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,155689,64],{"class":63},[57,155691,68],{"class":67},[57,155693,34304],{"class":238},[57,155695,242],{"class":67},[15,155697,131],{},[48,155699,155701],{"className":50,"code":155700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[19,155702,155703,155731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155704,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155706,68],{"class":67},[57,155708,1395],{"class":938},[57,155710,2881],{"class":942},[57,155712,1395],{"class":938},[57,155714,1081],{"class":67},[57,155716,1390],{"class":938},[57,155718,7877],{"class":942},[57,155720,1395],{"class":938},[57,155722,1081],{"class":67},[57,155724,1390],{"class":938},[57,155726,16918],{"class":942},[57,155728,1395],{"class":938},[57,155730,242],{"class":67},[57,155732,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155734,68],{"class":67},[57,155736,1395],{"class":938},[57,155738,373],{"class":942},[57,155740,1395],{"class":938},[57,155742,1081],{"class":67},[57,155744,1390],{"class":938},[57,155746,2881],{"class":942},[57,155748,1395],{"class":938},[57,155750,1081],{"class":67},[57,155752,1390],{"class":938},[57,155754,7877],{"class":942},[57,155756,1395],{"class":938},[57,155758,1081],{"class":67},[57,155760,1390],{"class":938},[57,155762,16918],{"class":942},[57,155764,1395],{"class":938},[57,155766,1081],{"class":67},[57,155768,1390],{"class":938},[57,155770,58619],{"class":942},[57,155772,1395],{"class":938},[57,155774,242],{"class":67},[15,155776,155777,155778,498],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[373,155779,146162],{"href":155780},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[43,155782,155784],{"id":155783},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[15,155786,155787],{},"The full syntax is:",[48,155789,155791],{"className":50,"code":155790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[19,155792,155793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155794,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155796,146180],{"class":285},[57,155798,2015],{"class":67},[57,155800,34233],{"class":285},[57,155802,972],{"class":67},[57,155804,73599],{"class":285},[57,155806,972],{"class":67},[57,155808,73602],{"class":285},[57,155810,1742],{"class":67},[15,155812,155813],{},"Each part has a job:",[27,155815,155816,155821,155826],{},[30,155817,155818,155820],{},[19,155819,34233],{},": where slicing begins",[30,155822,155823,155825],{},[19,155824,73599],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[30,155827,155828,155830],{},[19,155829,73602],{},": how many positions to move each time",[15,155832,155833],{},"All three parts are optional.",[15,155835,275],{},[48,155837,155839],{"className":50,"code":155838,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[19,155840,155841,155873,155877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155842,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155844,1724],{"class":285},[57,155846,289],{"class":76},[57,155848,7373],{"class":67},[57,155850,407],{"class":80},[57,155852,1081],{"class":67},[57,155854,5921],{"class":80},[57,155856,1081],{"class":67},[57,155858,5926],{"class":80},[57,155860,1081],{"class":67},[57,155862,49012],{"class":80},[57,155864,1081],{"class":67},[57,155866,3202],{"class":80},[57,155868,1081],{"class":67},[57,155870,74273],{"class":80},[57,155872,242],{"class":67},[57,155874,155875],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155876,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,155878,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155880,64],{"class":63},[57,155882,68],{"class":67},[57,155884,1756],{"class":238},[57,155886,2015],{"class":67},[57,155888,1078],{"class":80},[57,155890,972],{"class":67},[57,155892,199],{"class":80},[57,155894,972],{"class":67},[57,155896,116],{"class":80},[57,155898,2003],{"class":67},[15,155900,131],{},[48,155902,155904],{"className":50,"code":155903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40)\n",[19,155905,155906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155907,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155909,68],{"class":67},[57,155911,13902],{"class":80},[57,155913,1081],{"class":67},[57,155915,49012],{"class":80},[57,155917,242],{"class":67},[15,155919,155920,155921,155923,155924,155926,155927,498],{},"This starts at index ",[19,155922,1078],{},", stops before index ",[19,155925,199],{},", and moves by ",[19,155928,116],{},[15,155930,155931,155932,498],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[373,155933,147835],{"href":151261},[43,155935,74189],{"id":74188},[15,155937,155938],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[616,155940,155942,155943,4091],{"id":155941},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[19,155944,74203],{},[48,155946,155948],{"className":50,"code":155947,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[19,155949,155950,155978,155982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155951,155952,155954,155956,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968,155970,155972,155974,155976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155953,1724],{"class":285},[57,155955,289],{"class":76},[57,155957,7373],{"class":67},[57,155959,407],{"class":80},[57,155961,1081],{"class":67},[57,155963,5921],{"class":80},[57,155965,1081],{"class":67},[57,155967,5926],{"class":80},[57,155969,1081],{"class":67},[57,155971,49012],{"class":80},[57,155973,1081],{"class":67},[57,155975,3202],{"class":80},[57,155977,242],{"class":67},[57,155979,155980],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,155981,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,155983,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,155985,64],{"class":63},[57,155987,68],{"class":67},[57,155989,1756],{"class":238},[57,155991,73708],{"class":67},[57,155993,122],{"class":80},[57,155995,2003],{"class":67},[15,155997,131],{},[48,155999,156000],{"className":50,"code":149527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,156001,156002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156003,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156005,68],{"class":67},[57,156007,407],{"class":80},[57,156009,1081],{"class":67},[57,156011,5921],{"class":80},[57,156013,1081],{"class":67},[57,156015,5926],{"class":80},[57,156017,242],{"class":67},[616,156019,156021],{"id":156020},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[48,156023,156025],{"className":50,"code":156024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[19,156026,156027,156055,156059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156028,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156030,1724],{"class":285},[57,156032,289],{"class":76},[57,156034,7373],{"class":67},[57,156036,407],{"class":80},[57,156038,1081],{"class":67},[57,156040,5921],{"class":80},[57,156042,1081],{"class":67},[57,156044,5926],{"class":80},[57,156046,1081],{"class":67},[57,156048,49012],{"class":80},[57,156050,1081],{"class":67},[57,156052,3202],{"class":80},[57,156054,242],{"class":67},[57,156056,156057],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156058,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156060,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069,156071],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156062,64],{"class":63},[57,156064,68],{"class":67},[57,156066,1756],{"class":238},[57,156068,2015],{"class":67},[57,156070,116],{"class":80},[57,156072,75889],{"class":67},[15,156074,131],{},[48,156076,156078],{"className":50,"code":156077,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[19,156079,156080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156081,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156083,68],{"class":67},[57,156085,35003],{"class":80},[57,156087,1081],{"class":67},[57,156089,49012],{"class":80},[57,156091,1081],{"class":67},[57,156093,3202],{"class":80},[57,156095,242],{"class":67},[616,156097,156099],{"id":156098},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[48,156101,156103],{"className":50,"code":156102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[19,156104,156105,156133,156137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156106,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156108,1724],{"class":285},[57,156110,289],{"class":76},[57,156112,7373],{"class":67},[57,156114,407],{"class":80},[57,156116,1081],{"class":67},[57,156118,5921],{"class":80},[57,156120,1081],{"class":67},[57,156122,5926],{"class":80},[57,156124,1081],{"class":67},[57,156126,49012],{"class":80},[57,156128,1081],{"class":67},[57,156130,3202],{"class":80},[57,156132,242],{"class":67},[57,156134,156135],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156136,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156138,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156140,64],{"class":63},[57,156142,68],{"class":67},[57,156144,1756],{"class":238},[57,156146,2015],{"class":67},[57,156148,1078],{"class":80},[57,156150,972],{"class":67},[57,156152,585],{"class":80},[57,156154,2003],{"class":67},[15,156156,131],{},[48,156158,156160],{"className":50,"code":156159,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[19,156161,156162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156163,156164,156166,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156165,68],{"class":67},[57,156167,13902],{"class":80},[57,156169,1081],{"class":67},[57,156171,5926],{"class":80},[57,156173,1081],{"class":67},[57,156175,49012],{"class":80},[57,156177,242],{"class":67},[616,156179,156181],{"id":156180},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[48,156183,156185],{"className":50,"code":156184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[19,156186,156187,156219,156223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156188,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156190,1724],{"class":285},[57,156192,289],{"class":76},[57,156194,7373],{"class":67},[57,156196,407],{"class":80},[57,156198,1081],{"class":67},[57,156200,5921],{"class":80},[57,156202,1081],{"class":67},[57,156204,5926],{"class":80},[57,156206,1081],{"class":67},[57,156208,49012],{"class":80},[57,156210,1081],{"class":67},[57,156212,3202],{"class":80},[57,156214,1081],{"class":67},[57,156216,74273],{"class":80},[57,156218,242],{"class":67},[57,156220,156221],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156222,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156224,156225,156227,156229,156231,156233,156235],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156226,64],{"class":63},[57,156228,68],{"class":67},[57,156230,1756],{"class":238},[57,156232,72295],{"class":67},[57,156234,116],{"class":80},[57,156236,2003],{"class":67},[15,156238,131],{},[48,156240,156242],{"className":50,"code":156241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[19,156243,156244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156245,156246,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156247,68],{"class":67},[57,156249,407],{"class":80},[57,156251,1081],{"class":67},[57,156253,5926],{"class":80},[57,156255,1081],{"class":67},[57,156257,3202],{"class":80},[57,156259,242],{"class":67},[616,156261,156263],{"id":156262},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[48,156265,156267],{"className":50,"code":156266,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[19,156268,156269,156297,156301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156270,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293,156295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156272,1724],{"class":285},[57,156274,289],{"class":76},[57,156276,7373],{"class":67},[57,156278,407],{"class":80},[57,156280,1081],{"class":67},[57,156282,5921],{"class":80},[57,156284,1081],{"class":67},[57,156286,5926],{"class":80},[57,156288,1081],{"class":67},[57,156290,49012],{"class":80},[57,156292,1081],{"class":67},[57,156294,3202],{"class":80},[57,156296,242],{"class":67},[57,156298,156299],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156300,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156302,156303,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156304,64],{"class":63},[57,156306,68],{"class":67},[57,156308,1756],{"class":238},[57,156310,72295],{"class":67},[57,156312,77],{"class":76},[57,156314,1078],{"class":80},[57,156316,2003],{"class":67},[15,156318,131],{},[48,156320,156322],{"className":50,"code":156321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[19,156323,156324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156325,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156327,68],{"class":67},[57,156329,74967],{"class":80},[57,156331,1081],{"class":67},[57,156333,49012],{"class":80},[57,156335,1081],{"class":67},[57,156337,5926],{"class":80},[57,156339,1081],{"class":67},[57,156341,5921],{"class":80},[57,156343,1081],{"class":67},[57,156345,4130],{"class":80},[57,156347,242],{"class":67},[43,156349,74483],{"id":74482},[15,156351,152534],{},[15,156353,156354],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[616,156356,156358],{"id":156357},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[48,156360,156362],{"className":50,"code":156361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[19,156363,156364,156396,156400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156365,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156367,1724],{"class":285},[57,156369,289],{"class":76},[57,156371,7373],{"class":67},[57,156373,407],{"class":80},[57,156375,1081],{"class":67},[57,156377,5921],{"class":80},[57,156379,1081],{"class":67},[57,156381,5926],{"class":80},[57,156383,1081],{"class":67},[57,156385,49012],{"class":80},[57,156387,1081],{"class":67},[57,156389,3202],{"class":80},[57,156391,1081],{"class":67},[57,156393,74273],{"class":80},[57,156395,242],{"class":67},[57,156397,156398],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156399,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156401,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156403,64],{"class":63},[57,156405,68],{"class":67},[57,156407,1756],{"class":238},[57,156409,2015],{"class":67},[57,156411,77],{"class":76},[57,156413,122],{"class":80},[57,156415,75889],{"class":67},[15,156417,131],{},[48,156419,156421],{"className":50,"code":156420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[19,156422,156423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156424,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156426,68],{"class":67},[57,156428,54863],{"class":80},[57,156430,1081],{"class":67},[57,156432,3202],{"class":80},[57,156434,1081],{"class":67},[57,156436,74273],{"class":80},[57,156438,242],{"class":67},[616,156440,156442],{"id":156441},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[48,156444,156446],{"className":50,"code":156445,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[19,156447,156448,156476,156480],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156449,156450,156452,156454,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470,156472,156474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156451,1724],{"class":285},[57,156453,289],{"class":76},[57,156455,7373],{"class":67},[57,156457,407],{"class":80},[57,156459,1081],{"class":67},[57,156461,5921],{"class":80},[57,156463,1081],{"class":67},[57,156465,5926],{"class":80},[57,156467,1081],{"class":67},[57,156469,49012],{"class":80},[57,156471,1081],{"class":67},[57,156473,3202],{"class":80},[57,156475,242],{"class":67},[57,156477,156478],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156479,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156481,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156483,64],{"class":63},[57,156485,68],{"class":67},[57,156487,1756],{"class":238},[57,156489,73708],{"class":67},[57,156491,77],{"class":76},[57,156493,1078],{"class":80},[57,156495,2003],{"class":67},[15,156497,131],{},[48,156499,156501],{"className":50,"code":156500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[19,156502,156503],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156504,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156506,68],{"class":67},[57,156508,407],{"class":80},[57,156510,1081],{"class":67},[57,156512,5921],{"class":80},[57,156514,1081],{"class":67},[57,156516,5926],{"class":80},[57,156518,1081],{"class":67},[57,156520,49012],{"class":80},[57,156522,242],{"class":67},[15,156524,156525,156526,498],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[373,156527,149084],{"href":155418},[43,156529,156531],{"id":156530},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[15,156533,17,156534,156536],{},[19,156535,73602],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[27,156538,156539,156541,156543,156549],{},[30,156540,74739],{},[30,156542,74742],{},[30,156544,156545,156548],{},[19,156546,156547],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[30,156550,156551,156552,156554],{},"A step of ",[19,156553,182],{}," is not allowed",[15,156556,156557],{},"Example with a positive step:",[48,156559,156561],{"className":50,"code":156560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[19,156562,156563,156595,156599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156564,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156566,1724],{"class":285},[57,156568,289],{"class":76},[57,156570,7373],{"class":67},[57,156572,407],{"class":80},[57,156574,1081],{"class":67},[57,156576,5921],{"class":80},[57,156578,1081],{"class":67},[57,156580,5926],{"class":80},[57,156582,1081],{"class":67},[57,156584,49012],{"class":80},[57,156586,1081],{"class":67},[57,156588,3202],{"class":80},[57,156590,1081],{"class":67},[57,156592,74273],{"class":80},[57,156594,242],{"class":67},[57,156596,156597],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156598,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156600,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615,156617,156619],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156602,64],{"class":63},[57,156604,68],{"class":67},[57,156606,1756],{"class":238},[57,156608,2015],{"class":67},[57,156610,1078],{"class":80},[57,156612,972],{"class":67},[57,156614,78767],{"class":80},[57,156616,972],{"class":67},[57,156618,116],{"class":80},[57,156620,2003],{"class":67},[15,156622,131],{},[48,156624,156626],{"className":50,"code":156625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[19,156627,156628],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156629,156630,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156631,68],{"class":67},[57,156633,13902],{"class":80},[57,156635,1081],{"class":67},[57,156637,49012],{"class":80},[57,156639,1081],{"class":67},[57,156641,74273],{"class":80},[57,156643,242],{"class":67},[15,156645,156646],{},"Example with a negative step:",[48,156648,156650],{"className":50,"code":156649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[19,156651,156652,156680,156684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156653,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156655,1724],{"class":285},[57,156657,289],{"class":76},[57,156659,7373],{"class":67},[57,156661,407],{"class":80},[57,156663,1081],{"class":67},[57,156665,5921],{"class":80},[57,156667,1081],{"class":67},[57,156669,5926],{"class":80},[57,156671,1081],{"class":67},[57,156673,49012],{"class":80},[57,156675,1081],{"class":67},[57,156677,3202],{"class":80},[57,156679,242],{"class":67},[57,156681,156682],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156683,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156685,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156687,64],{"class":63},[57,156689,68],{"class":67},[57,156691,1756],{"class":238},[57,156693,2015],{"class":67},[57,156695,585],{"class":80},[57,156697,972],{"class":67},[57,156699,1078],{"class":80},[57,156701,972],{"class":67},[57,156703,77],{"class":76},[57,156705,1078],{"class":80},[57,156707,2003],{"class":67},[15,156709,131],{},[48,156711,156713],{"className":50,"code":156712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[19,156714,156715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156716,156717,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156718,68],{"class":67},[57,156720,74967],{"class":80},[57,156722,1081],{"class":67},[57,156724,49012],{"class":80},[57,156726,1081],{"class":67},[57,156728,5926],{"class":80},[57,156730,242],{"class":67},[15,156732,156733],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[48,156735,156737],{"className":50,"code":156736,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[19,156738,156739,156759,156763],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156740,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156742,1724],{"class":285},[57,156744,289],{"class":76},[57,156746,7373],{"class":67},[57,156748,407],{"class":80},[57,156750,1081],{"class":67},[57,156752,5921],{"class":80},[57,156754,1081],{"class":67},[57,156756,5926],{"class":80},[57,156758,242],{"class":67},[57,156760,156761],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156762,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156764,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156766,64],{"class":63},[57,156768,68],{"class":67},[57,156770,1756],{"class":238},[57,156772,72295],{"class":67},[57,156774,182],{"class":80},[57,156776,2003],{"class":67},[15,156778,156779],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[43,156781,156783],{"id":156782},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[15,156785,156786,156787,31899],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[1854,156788,47121],{},[616,156790,156792],{"id":156791},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[48,156794,156796],{"className":50,"code":156795,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,156797,156798,156822,156826,156844,156848,156858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156799,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156801,1724],{"class":285},[57,156803,289],{"class":76},[57,156805,7373],{"class":67},[57,156807,407],{"class":80},[57,156809,1081],{"class":67},[57,156811,5921],{"class":80},[57,156813,1081],{"class":67},[57,156815,5926],{"class":80},[57,156817,1081],{"class":67},[57,156819,49012],{"class":80},[57,156821,242],{"class":67},[57,156823,156824],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156825,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156827,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156829,300],{"class":285},[57,156831,289],{"class":76},[57,156833,2380],{"class":285},[57,156835,2015],{"class":67},[57,156837,1078],{"class":80},[57,156839,972],{"class":67},[57,156841,122],{"class":80},[57,156843,1742],{"class":67},[57,156845,156846],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,156847,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156849,156850,156852,156854,156856],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,156851,64],{"class":63},[57,156853,68],{"class":67},[57,156855,339],{"class":238},[57,156857,242],{"class":67},[57,156859,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,156861,64],{"class":63},[57,156863,68],{"class":67},[57,156865,1315],{"class":990},[57,156867,68],{"class":67},[57,156869,339],{"class":238},[57,156871,84],{"class":67},[15,156873,131],{},[48,156875,156877],{"className":50,"code":156876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[19,156878,156879,156891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156880,156881,156883,156885,156887,156889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156882,68],{"class":67},[57,156884,13902],{"class":80},[57,156886,1081],{"class":67},[57,156888,5926],{"class":80},[57,156890,242],{"class":67},[57,156892,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156894,1384],{"class":76},[57,156896,1387],{"class":125},[57,156898,1390],{"class":938},[57,156900,47121],{"class":942},[57,156902,1395],{"class":938},[57,156904,1398],{"class":76},[616,156906,156908],{"id":156907},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[48,156910,156912],{"className":50,"code":156911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[19,156913,156914,156934,156938,156956,156960,156970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156915,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156917,1724],{"class":285},[57,156919,289],{"class":76},[57,156921,7373],{"class":67},[57,156923,407],{"class":80},[57,156925,1081],{"class":67},[57,156927,5921],{"class":80},[57,156929,1081],{"class":67},[57,156931,5926],{"class":80},[57,156933,242],{"class":67},[57,156935,156936],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,156937,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156939,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,156941,300],{"class":285},[57,156943,289],{"class":76},[57,156945,2380],{"class":285},[57,156947,2015],{"class":67},[57,156949,1078],{"class":80},[57,156951,972],{"class":67},[57,156953,116],{"class":80},[57,156955,1742],{"class":67},[57,156957,156958],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,156959,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,156961,156962,156964,156966,156968],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,156963,64],{"class":63},[57,156965,68],{"class":67},[57,156967,339],{"class":238},[57,156969,242],{"class":67},[57,156971,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,156973,64],{"class":63},[57,156975,68],{"class":67},[57,156977,1315],{"class":990},[57,156979,68],{"class":67},[57,156981,339],{"class":238},[57,156983,84],{"class":67},[15,156985,131],{},[48,156987,156989],{"className":50,"code":156988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[19,156990,156991,156999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156992,156993,156995,156997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156994,68],{"class":67},[57,156996,13902],{"class":80},[57,156998,147518],{"class":67},[57,157000,157001,157003,157005,157007,157009,157011],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157002,1384],{"class":76},[57,157004,1387],{"class":125},[57,157006,1390],{"class":938},[57,157008,47121],{"class":942},[57,157010,1395],{"class":938},[57,157012,1398],{"class":76},[616,157014,157016],{"id":157015},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[48,157018,157020],{"className":50,"code":157019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[19,157021,157022,157042,157046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157023,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157025,1724],{"class":285},[57,157027,289],{"class":76},[57,157029,7373],{"class":67},[57,157031,407],{"class":80},[57,157033,1081],{"class":67},[57,157035,5921],{"class":80},[57,157037,1081],{"class":67},[57,157039,5926],{"class":80},[57,157041,242],{"class":67},[57,157043,157044],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157045,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157049,64],{"class":63},[57,157051,68],{"class":67},[57,157053,1756],{"class":238},[57,157055,2015],{"class":67},[57,157057,199],{"class":80},[57,157059,972],{"class":67},[57,157061,422],{"class":80},[57,157063,2003],{"class":67},[15,157065,131],{},[48,157067,157068],{"className":50,"code":6778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,157069,157070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157071,157072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157073,6778],{"class":67},[15,157075,157076,157077,498],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[373,157078,154254],{"href":149141},[43,157080,157082],{"id":157081},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[15,157084,157085],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[27,157087,157088,157090,157093,157098],{},[30,157089,75048],{},[30,157091,157092],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[30,157094,157095,157096],{},"Indexing can raise ",[19,157097,68904],{},[30,157099,157100],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[15,157102,275],{},[48,157104,157106],{"className":50,"code":157105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[19,157107,157108,157128,157132,157149,157170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157109,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157111,1724],{"class":285},[57,157113,289],{"class":76},[57,157115,7373],{"class":67},[57,157117,407],{"class":80},[57,157119,1081],{"class":67},[57,157121,5921],{"class":80},[57,157123,1081],{"class":67},[57,157125,5926],{"class":80},[57,157127,242],{"class":67},[57,157129,157130],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157131,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157133,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157135,64],{"class":63},[57,157137,68],{"class":67},[57,157139,1756],{"class":238},[57,157141,2015],{"class":67},[57,157143,1078],{"class":80},[57,157145,18597],{"class":67},[57,157147,157148],{"class":1772},"    # one item\n",[57,157150,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,157152,64],{"class":63},[57,157154,68],{"class":67},[57,157156,1756],{"class":238},[57,157158,2015],{"class":67},[57,157160,1078],{"class":80},[57,157162,972],{"class":67},[57,157164,199],{"class":80},[57,157166,18597],{"class":67},[57,157168,157169],{"class":1772},"  # slice\n",[57,157171,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,157173,64],{"class":63},[57,157175,68],{"class":67},[57,157177,1756],{"class":238},[57,157179,2015],{"class":67},[57,157181,199],{"class":80},[57,157183,972],{"class":67},[57,157185,422],{"class":80},[57,157187,18597],{"class":67},[57,157189,157190],{"class":1772},"  # empty slice\n",[15,157192,131],{},[48,157194,157196],{"className":50,"code":157195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[19,157197,157198,157202,157214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157199,157200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157201,69397],{"class":80},[57,157203,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157205,68],{"class":67},[57,157207,13902],{"class":80},[57,157209,1081],{"class":67},[57,157211,5926],{"class":80},[57,157213,242],{"class":67},[57,157215,157216],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157217,6778],{"class":67},[15,157219,157220],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[48,157222,157224],{"className":50,"code":157223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[19,157225,157226,157246,157250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157227,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157229,1724],{"class":285},[57,157231,289],{"class":76},[57,157233,7373],{"class":67},[57,157235,407],{"class":80},[57,157237,1081],{"class":67},[57,157239,5921],{"class":80},[57,157241,1081],{"class":67},[57,157243,5926],{"class":80},[57,157245,242],{"class":67},[57,157247,157248],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157249,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157253,64],{"class":63},[57,157255,68],{"class":67},[57,157257,1756],{"class":238},[57,157259,2015],{"class":67},[57,157261,199],{"class":80},[57,157263,2003],{"class":67},[15,157265,157266,157267,157269,157270,498],{},"This raises an ",[19,157268,68904],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[373,157271,153007],{"href":157272},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[43,157274,13324],{"id":75315},[15,157276,157277],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[27,157279,157280,157283,157285,157288],{},[30,157281,157282],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[30,157284,58864],{},[30,157286,157287],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[30,157289,157290,157291],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[19,157292,182],{},[15,157294,157295],{},"Here are a few examples.",[616,157297,157299],{"id":157298},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[48,157301,157302],{"className":50,"code":156102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,157303,157304,157332,157336],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157305,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157307,1724],{"class":285},[57,157309,289],{"class":76},[57,157311,7373],{"class":67},[57,157313,407],{"class":80},[57,157315,1081],{"class":67},[57,157317,5921],{"class":80},[57,157319,1081],{"class":67},[57,157321,5926],{"class":80},[57,157323,1081],{"class":67},[57,157325,49012],{"class":80},[57,157327,1081],{"class":67},[57,157329,3202],{"class":80},[57,157331,242],{"class":67},[57,157333,157334],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157335,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157337,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157339,64],{"class":63},[57,157341,68],{"class":67},[57,157343,1756],{"class":238},[57,157345,2015],{"class":67},[57,157347,1078],{"class":80},[57,157349,972],{"class":67},[57,157351,585],{"class":80},[57,157353,2003],{"class":67},[15,157355,131],{},[48,157357,157358],{"className":50,"code":156159,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,157359,157360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157361,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157363,68],{"class":67},[57,157365,13902],{"class":80},[57,157367,1081],{"class":67},[57,157369,5926],{"class":80},[57,157371,1081],{"class":67},[57,157373,49012],{"class":80},[57,157375,242],{"class":67},[15,157377,130586,157378,157380],{},[19,157379,585],{}," is not included.",[616,157382,157384],{"id":157383},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[15,157386,2644],{},[48,157388,157390],{"className":50,"code":157389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[19,157391,157392,157416,157420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157393,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157395,1724],{"class":285},[57,157397,289],{"class":76},[57,157399,7373],{"class":67},[57,157401,407],{"class":80},[57,157403,1081],{"class":67},[57,157405,5921],{"class":80},[57,157407,1081],{"class":67},[57,157409,5926],{"class":80},[57,157411,1081],{"class":67},[57,157413,49012],{"class":80},[57,157415,242],{"class":67},[57,157417,157418],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157419,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157421,157422],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157423,157424],{"class":1772},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,157426,157427],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[48,157429,157430],{"className":50,"code":153087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,157431,157432,157456,157460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157433,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157435,1724],{"class":285},[57,157437,289],{"class":76},[57,157439,7373],{"class":67},[57,157441,407],{"class":80},[57,157443,1081],{"class":67},[57,157445,5921],{"class":80},[57,157447,1081],{"class":67},[57,157449,5926],{"class":80},[57,157451,1081],{"class":67},[57,157453,49012],{"class":80},[57,157455,242],{"class":67},[57,157457,157458],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157459,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157461,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157463,64],{"class":63},[57,157465,68],{"class":67},[57,157467,1756],{"class":238},[57,157469,2015],{"class":67},[57,157471,1078],{"class":80},[57,157473,972],{"class":67},[57,157475,122],{"class":80},[57,157477,2003],{"class":67},[616,157479,157481],{"id":157480},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[48,157483,157485],{"className":50,"code":157484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[19,157486,157487,157511,157515,157530,157534,157545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157490,1724],{"class":285},[57,157492,289],{"class":76},[57,157494,7373],{"class":67},[57,157496,407],{"class":80},[57,157498,1081],{"class":67},[57,157500,5921],{"class":80},[57,157502,1081],{"class":67},[57,157504,5926],{"class":80},[57,157506,1081],{"class":67},[57,157508,49012],{"class":80},[57,157510,242],{"class":67},[57,157512,157513],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157514,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157516,157517,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157518,157519],{"class":285},"slice_result ",[57,157521,289],{"class":76},[57,157523,2380],{"class":285},[57,157525,73708],{"class":67},[57,157527,116],{"class":80},[57,157529,1742],{"class":67},[57,157531,157532],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,157533,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157535,157536,157538,157540,157543],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,157537,64],{"class":63},[57,157539,68],{"class":67},[57,157541,157542],{"class":238},"slice_result",[57,157544,242],{"class":67},[57,157546,157547,157549,157551,157553],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,157548,64],{"class":63},[57,157550,68],{"class":67},[57,157552,1756],{"class":238},[57,157554,242],{"class":67},[15,157556,131],{},[48,157558,157560],{"className":50,"code":157559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[19,157561,157562,157574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157563,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157565,68],{"class":67},[57,157567,407],{"class":80},[57,157569,1081],{"class":67},[57,157571,5921],{"class":80},[57,157573,242],{"class":67},[57,157575,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157577,68],{"class":67},[57,157579,407],{"class":80},[57,157581,1081],{"class":67},[57,157583,5921],{"class":80},[57,157585,1081],{"class":67},[57,157587,5926],{"class":80},[57,157589,1081],{"class":67},[57,157591,49012],{"class":80},[57,157593,242],{"class":67},[15,157595,157596],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[43,157598,111900],{"id":111899},[15,157600,157601],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[27,157603,157604,157607,157610,157616,157619],{},[30,157605,157606],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[30,157608,157609],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[30,157611,157612,157613],{},"Using a zero step like ",[19,157614,157615],{},"tuple[::0]",[30,157617,157618],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[30,157620,157621],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[15,157623,157624],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[48,157626,157628],{"className":50,"code":157627,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[19,157629,157630,157640,157658,157680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157631,157632,157634,157636,157638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157633,64],{"class":63},[57,157635,68],{"class":67},[57,157637,146180],{"class":238},[57,157639,242],{"class":67},[57,157641,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157643,64],{"class":63},[57,157645,68],{"class":67},[57,157647,146180],{"class":238},[57,157649,2015],{"class":67},[57,157651,1078],{"class":80},[57,157653,972],{"class":67},[57,157655,585],{"class":80},[57,157657,2003],{"class":67},[57,157659,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157661,64],{"class":63},[57,157663,68],{"class":67},[57,157665,1315],{"class":990},[57,157667,68],{"class":67},[57,157669,146180],{"class":238},[57,157671,2015],{"class":67},[57,157673,1078],{"class":80},[57,157675,972],{"class":67},[57,157677,585],{"class":80},[57,157679,1091],{"class":67},[57,157681,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,157683,64],{"class":63},[57,157685,68],{"class":67},[57,157687,9302],{"class":63},[57,157689,68],{"class":67},[57,157691,146180],{"class":238},[57,157693,84],{"class":67},[15,157695,9311],{},[27,157697,157698,157700,157703,157706],{},[30,157699,153394],{},[30,157701,157702],{},"what the slice actually returns",[30,157704,157705],{},"that the result is a tuple",[30,157707,157708],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[43,157710,1554],{"id":1553},[616,157712,157714],{"id":157713},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[15,157716,157717],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[616,157719,157721],{"id":157720},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[15,157723,157724],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[616,157726,3264,157728,38124],{"id":157727},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[19,157729,156547],{},[15,157731,157732],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[616,157734,157736,157737,572],{"id":157735},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[19,157738,68904],{},[15,157740,157741,157742,498],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[19,157743,68904],{},[43,157745,1602],{"id":1601},[27,157747,157748,157752,157756,157760,157764],{},[30,157749,157750],{},[373,157751,154254],{"href":149141},[30,157753,157754],{},[373,157755,147835],{"href":151261},[30,157757,157758],{},[373,157759,149084],{"href":155418},[30,157761,157762],{},[373,157763,146162],{"href":155780},[30,157765,157766],{},[373,157767,153007],{"href":157272},[1634,157769,157770],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":157772},[157773,157774,157775,157776,157784,157788,157789,157794,157795,157800,157801,157809],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":155580,"depth":87,"text":155581},{"id":155783,"depth":87,"text":155784},{"id":74188,"depth":87,"text":74189,"children":157777},[157778,157780,157781,157782,157783],{"id":155941,"depth":103,"text":157779},"Get the first n items",{"id":156020,"depth":103,"text":156021},{"id":156098,"depth":103,"text":156099},{"id":156180,"depth":103,"text":156181},{"id":156262,"depth":103,"text":156263},{"id":74482,"depth":87,"text":74483,"children":157785},[157786,157787],{"id":156357,"depth":103,"text":156358},{"id":156441,"depth":103,"text":156442},{"id":156530,"depth":87,"text":156531},{"id":156782,"depth":87,"text":156783,"children":157790},[157791,157792,157793],{"id":156791,"depth":103,"text":156792},{"id":156907,"depth":103,"text":156908},{"id":157015,"depth":103,"text":157016},{"id":157081,"depth":87,"text":157082},{"id":75315,"depth":87,"text":13324,"children":157796},[157797,157798,157799],{"id":157298,"depth":103,"text":157299},{"id":157383,"depth":103,"text":157384},{"id":157480,"depth":103,"text":157481},{"id":111899,"depth":87,"text":111900},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":157802},[157803,157804,157805,157807],{"id":157713,"depth":103,"text":157714},{"id":157720,"depth":103,"text":157721},{"id":157727,"depth":103,"text":157806},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":157735,"depth":103,"text":157808},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":155424,"description":157810},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":157817,"title":157818,"body":157819,"description":159642,"extension":1666,"meta":159643,"navigation":317,"path":32967,"seo":159644,"stem":159645,"__hash__":159646},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":157820,"toc":159608},[157821,157826,157831,157835,157853,157856,157871,157877,157879,157936,157938,157970,157982,157988,157993,157996,158031,158037,158039,158042,158056,158059,158061,158084,158086,158104,158107,158123,158125,158128,158241,158243,158332,158335,158340,158346,158349,158352,158451,158453,158512,158517,158520,158589,158593,158625,158641,158646,158653,158660,158672,158674,158723,158725,158748,158754,158802,158807,158814,158822,158828,158831,158855,158858,158860,158936,158938,158963,158969,158972,158977,158981,158995,158997,159060,159062,159094,159097,159113,159115,159121,159128,159130,159149,159151,159169,159176,159181,159188,159190,159227,159230,159237,159241,159244,159302,159305,159308,159363,159365,159377,159383,159385,159389,159422,159429,159431,159494,159497,159499,159504,159518,159525,159533,159542,159551,159557,159563,159565,159605],[11,157822,1680,157824,1684],{"id":157823},"python-type-function-explained",[19,157825,378],{},[15,157827,30474,157828,157830],{},[19,157829,378],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[15,157832,60939,157833,102744],{},[19,157834,378],{},[27,157836,157837,157840,157843,157846],{},[30,157838,157839],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[30,157841,157842],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[30,157844,157845],{},"debug confusing code",[30,157847,157848,157849],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[373,157850,157851],{"href":6352},[19,157852,1047],{},[15,157854,157855],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[48,157857,157859],{"className":50,"code":157858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(object)\n",[19,157860,157861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157862,157863,157865,157867,157869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157864,1315],{"class":990},[57,157866,68],{"class":67},[57,157868,40564],{"class":990},[57,157870,242],{"class":67},[15,157872,157873,157874,157876],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[19,157875,378],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[43,157878,1714],{"id":1713},[48,157880,157882],{"className":50,"code":157881,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[19,157883,157884,157896,157910,157914,157922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157885,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157887,6008],{"class":285},[57,157889,289],{"class":76},[57,157891,1449],{"class":938},[57,157893,3125],{"class":942},[57,157895,1455],{"class":938},[57,157897,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157899,64],{"class":63},[57,157901,68],{"class":67},[57,157903,1315],{"class":990},[57,157905,68],{"class":67},[57,157907,5798],{"class":238},[57,157909,84],{"class":67},[57,157911,157912],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,157913,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,157915,157916,157918,157920],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,157917,286],{"class":285},[57,157919,289],{"class":76},[57,157921,669],{"class":80},[57,157923,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,157925,64],{"class":63},[57,157927,68],{"class":67},[57,157929,1315],{"class":990},[57,157931,68],{"class":67},[57,157933,310],{"class":238},[57,157935,84],{"class":67},[15,157937,131],{},[48,157939,157940],{"className":50,"code":123247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,157941,157942,157956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157943,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157945,1384],{"class":76},[57,157947,1387],{"class":125},[57,157949,1390],{"class":938},[57,157951,1541],{"class":942},[57,157953,1395],{"class":938},[57,157955,1398],{"class":76},[57,157957,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,157959,1384],{"class":76},[57,157961,1387],{"class":125},[57,157963,1390],{"class":938},[57,157965,255],{"class":942},[57,157967,1395],{"class":938},[57,157969,1398],{"class":76},[15,157971,154,157972,157975,157976,2511,157979,498],{},[19,157973,157974],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[19,157977,157978],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[19,157980,157981],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[43,157983,11141,157985,157987],{"id":157984},"what-the-type-function-does",[19,157986,378],{}," function does",[15,157989,157990,157992],{},[19,157991,378],{}," returns the type of an object.",[15,157994,157995],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[27,157997,157998,158003,158008,158013,158018,158023],{},[30,157999,158000,158002],{},[19,158001,1541],{}," for text",[30,158004,158005,158007],{},[19,158006,255],{}," for whole numbers",[30,158009,158010,158012],{},[19,158011,259],{}," for decimal numbers",[30,158014,158015,158017],{},[19,158016,6226],{}," for lists",[30,158019,158020,158022],{},[19,158021,6957],{}," for dictionaries",[30,158024,158025,67268,158027,2511,158029],{},[19,158026,1981],{},[19,158028,1709],{},[19,158030,1783],{},[15,158032,158033,158034,158036],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[19,158035,378],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[43,158038,221],{"id":220},[15,158040,158041],{},"The main beginner form is:",[48,158043,158044],{"className":50,"code":157858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,158045,158046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158047,158048,158050,158052,158054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158049,1315],{"class":990},[57,158051,68],{"class":67},[57,158053,40564],{"class":990},[57,158055,242],{"class":67},[15,158057,158058],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[15,158060,275],{},[48,158062,158064],{"className":50,"code":158063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[19,158065,158066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158067,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158069,64],{"class":63},[57,158071,68],{"class":67},[57,158073,1315],{"class":990},[57,158075,68],{"class":67},[57,158077,939],{"class":938},[57,158079,1958],{"class":942},[57,158081,939],{"class":938},[57,158083,84],{"class":67},[15,158085,131],{},[48,158087,158088],{"className":50,"code":43937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,158089,158090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158091,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158093,1384],{"class":76},[57,158095,1387],{"class":125},[57,158097,1390],{"class":938},[57,158099,1541],{"class":942},[57,158101,1395],{"class":938},[57,158103,1398],{"class":76},[15,158105,158106],{},"You can pass either:",[27,158108,158109,158116],{},[30,158110,158111,158112,965,158114],{},"a literal value such as ",[19,158113,62707],{},[19,158115,44693],{},[30,158117,158118,158119,965,158121],{},"a variable such as ",[19,158120,5798],{},[19,158122,7436],{},[43,158124,120059],{"id":120058},[15,158126,158127],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[48,158129,158131],{"className":50,"code":158130,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[19,158132,158133,158151,158165,158179,158201,158227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158134,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158136,64],{"class":63},[57,158138,68],{"class":67},[57,158140,1315],{"class":990},[57,158142,68],{"class":67},[57,158144,939],{"class":938},[57,158146,1958],{"class":942},[57,158148,939],{"class":938},[57,158150,84],{"class":67},[57,158152,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158154,64],{"class":63},[57,158156,68],{"class":67},[57,158158,1315],{"class":990},[57,158160,68],{"class":67},[57,158162,407],{"class":80},[57,158164,84],{"class":67},[57,158166,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158168,64],{"class":63},[57,158170,68],{"class":67},[57,158172,1315],{"class":990},[57,158174,68],{"class":67},[57,158176,38307],{"class":80},[57,158178,84],{"class":67},[57,158180,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,158182,64],{"class":63},[57,158184,68],{"class":67},[57,158186,1315],{"class":990},[57,158188,1075],{"class":67},[57,158190,1078],{"class":80},[57,158192,1081],{"class":67},[57,158194,1084],{"class":80},[57,158196,1081],{"class":67},[57,158198,530],{"class":80},[57,158200,1091],{"class":67},[57,158202,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,158204,64],{"class":63},[57,158206,68],{"class":67},[57,158208,1315],{"class":990},[57,158210,3654],{"class":67},[57,158212,939],{"class":938},[57,158214,5798],{"class":942},[57,158216,939],{"class":938},[57,158218,972],{"class":67},[57,158220,1449],{"class":938},[57,158222,3125],{"class":942},[57,158224,939],{"class":938},[57,158226,3663],{"class":67},[57,158228,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,158230,64],{"class":63},[57,158232,68],{"class":67},[57,158234,1315],{"class":990},[57,158236,68],{"class":67},[57,158238,1709],{"class":1965},[57,158240,84],{"class":67},[15,158242,131],{},[48,158244,158246],{"className":50,"code":158245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[19,158247,158248,158262,158276,158290,158304,158318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158249,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158251,1384],{"class":76},[57,158253,1387],{"class":125},[57,158255,1390],{"class":938},[57,158257,1541],{"class":942},[57,158259,1395],{"class":938},[57,158261,1398],{"class":76},[57,158263,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158265,1384],{"class":76},[57,158267,1387],{"class":125},[57,158269,1390],{"class":938},[57,158271,255],{"class":942},[57,158273,1395],{"class":938},[57,158275,1398],{"class":76},[57,158277,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158279,1384],{"class":76},[57,158281,1387],{"class":125},[57,158283,1390],{"class":938},[57,158285,259],{"class":942},[57,158287,1395],{"class":938},[57,158289,1398],{"class":76},[57,158291,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,158293,1384],{"class":76},[57,158295,1387],{"class":125},[57,158297,1390],{"class":938},[57,158299,6226],{"class":942},[57,158301,1395],{"class":938},[57,158303,1398],{"class":76},[57,158305,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,158307,1384],{"class":76},[57,158309,1387],{"class":125},[57,158311,1390],{"class":938},[57,158313,6957],{"class":942},[57,158315,1395],{"class":938},[57,158317,1398],{"class":76},[57,158319,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,158321,1384],{"class":76},[57,158323,1387],{"class":125},[57,158325,1390],{"class":938},[57,158327,1981],{"class":942},[57,158329,1395],{"class":938},[57,158331,1398],{"class":76},[15,158333,158334],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[15,158336,158337,158338,498],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[373,158339,42964],{"href":47146},[43,158341,6551,158343,158345],{"id":158342},"using-type-with-variables",[19,158344,378],{}," with variables",[15,158347,158348],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[15,158350,158351],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[48,158353,158355],{"className":50,"code":158354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[19,158356,158357,158365,158383,158387,158399,158417,158421,158433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158358,158359,158361,158363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158360,525],{"class":285},[57,158362,289],{"class":76},[57,158364,669],{"class":80},[57,158366,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158368,64],{"class":63},[57,158370,68],{"class":67},[57,158372,552],{"class":238},[57,158374,1081],{"class":67},[57,158376,47558],{"class":990},[57,158378,68],{"class":67},[57,158380,552],{"class":238},[57,158382,84],{"class":67},[57,158384,158385],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158386,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,158388,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,158390,525],{"class":285},[57,158392,289],{"class":76},[57,158394,1449],{"class":938},[57,158396,44074],{"class":942},[57,158398,1455],{"class":938},[57,158400,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,158402,64],{"class":63},[57,158404,68],{"class":67},[57,158406,552],{"class":238},[57,158408,1081],{"class":67},[57,158410,47558],{"class":990},[57,158412,68],{"class":67},[57,158414,552],{"class":238},[57,158416,84],{"class":67},[57,158418,158419],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,158420,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,158422,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,158424,525],{"class":285},[57,158426,289],{"class":76},[57,158428,1729],{"class":67},[57,158430,407],{"class":80},[57,158432,1742],{"class":67},[57,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":59,"line":4553},[57,158436,64],{"class":63},[57,158438,68],{"class":67},[57,158440,552],{"class":238},[57,158442,1081],{"class":67},[57,158444,47558],{"class":990},[57,158446,68],{"class":67},[57,158448,552],{"class":238},[57,158450,84],{"class":67},[15,158452,131],{},[48,158454,158456],{"className":50,"code":158455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[19,158457,158458,158475,158492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158459,158460,158462,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158461,407],{"class":80},[57,158463,158464],{"class":76}," \u003C",[57,158466,1387],{"class":125},[57,158468,1390],{"class":938},[57,158470,255],{"class":942},[57,158472,1395],{"class":938},[57,158474,1398],{"class":76},[57,158476,158477,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158478,158479],{"class":285},"ten ",[57,158481,1384],{"class":76},[57,158483,1387],{"class":125},[57,158485,1390],{"class":938},[57,158487,1541],{"class":942},[57,158489,1395],{"class":938},[57,158491,1398],{"class":76},[57,158493,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158495,2015],{"class":67},[57,158497,407],{"class":80},[57,158499,11419],{"class":67},[57,158501,158464],{"class":76},[57,158503,1387],{"class":125},[57,158505,1390],{"class":938},[57,158507,6226],{"class":942},[57,158509,1395],{"class":938},[57,158511,1398],{"class":76},[15,158513,158514,158516],{},[19,158515,378],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[15,158518,158519],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[48,158521,158523],{"className":50,"code":158522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[19,158524,158525,158543,158557,158561,158575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158526,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158528,1488],{"class":285},[57,158530,289],{"class":76},[57,158532,6375],{"class":63},[57,158534,68],{"class":67},[57,158536,939],{"class":938},[57,158538,40036],{"class":942},[57,158540,939],{"class":938},[57,158542,242],{"class":67},[57,158544,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158546,64],{"class":63},[57,158548,68],{"class":67},[57,158550,1315],{"class":990},[57,158552,68],{"class":67},[57,158554,1515],{"class":238},[57,158556,84],{"class":67},[57,158558,158559],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158560,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,158562,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,158564,121171],{"class":285},[57,158566,289],{"class":76},[57,158568,43443],{"class":990},[57,158570,68],{"class":67},[57,158572,1515],{"class":238},[57,158574,242],{"class":67},[57,158576,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,158578,64],{"class":63},[57,158580,68],{"class":67},[57,158582,1315],{"class":990},[57,158584,68],{"class":67},[57,158586,121194],{"class":238},[57,158588,84],{"class":67},[15,158590,39285,158591,39289],{},[19,158592,7330],{},[48,158594,158595],{"className":50,"code":123247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,158596,158597,158611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158600,1384],{"class":76},[57,158602,1387],{"class":125},[57,158604,1390],{"class":938},[57,158606,1541],{"class":942},[57,158608,1395],{"class":938},[57,158610,1398],{"class":76},[57,158612,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158614,1384],{"class":76},[57,158616,1387],{"class":125},[57,158618,1390],{"class":938},[57,158620,255],{"class":942},[57,158622,1395],{"class":938},[57,158624,1398],{"class":76},[15,158626,43870,158627,158631,158632,965,158636,158640],{},[373,158628,158629],{"href":6352},[19,158630,1047],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[373,158633,158634],{"href":961},[19,158635,964],{},[373,158637,158638],{"href":968},[19,158639,971],{}," if you need a number.",[15,158642,158643,158644,498],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[373,158645,7117],{"href":7116},[43,158647,158649,8724,158651],{"id":158648},"type-vs-isinstance",[19,158650,378],{},[19,158652,42972],{},[15,158654,158655,2511,158657,158659],{},[19,158656,378],{},[19,158658,42972],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[27,158661,158662,158667],{},[30,158663,158664,158666],{},[19,158665,378],{}," tells you the exact type",[30,158668,158669,158671],{},[19,158670,42972],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[15,158673,275],{},[48,158675,158677],{"className":50,"code":158676,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[19,158678,158679,158687,158691,158705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158680,158681,158683,158685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158682,525],{"class":285},[57,158684,289],{"class":76},[57,158686,33001],{"class":80},[57,158688,158689],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158690,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,158692,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158694,64],{"class":63},[57,158696,68],{"class":67},[57,158698,1315],{"class":990},[57,158700,68],{"class":67},[57,158702,552],{"class":238},[57,158704,84],{"class":67},[57,158706,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,158708,64],{"class":63},[57,158710,68],{"class":67},[57,158712,47043],{"class":63},[57,158714,68],{"class":67},[57,158716,552],{"class":238},[57,158718,1081],{"class":67},[57,158720,43443],{"class":990},[57,158722,84],{"class":67},[15,158724,131],{},[48,158726,158728],{"className":50,"code":158727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[19,158729,158730,158744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158731,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158733,1384],{"class":76},[57,158735,1387],{"class":125},[57,158737,1390],{"class":938},[57,158739,255],{"class":942},[57,158741,1395],{"class":938},[57,158743,1398],{"class":76},[57,158745,158746],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158747,2095],{"class":1965},[15,158749,158750,158751,158753],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[19,158752,42972],{}," is more practical.",[48,158755,158757],{"className":50,"code":158756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[19,158758,158759,158767,158771,158787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158760,158761,158763,158765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158762,525],{"class":285},[57,158764,289],{"class":76},[57,158766,33001],{"class":80},[57,158768,158769],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158770,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,158772,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158774,5126],{"class":1990},[57,158776,47781],{"class":63},[57,158778,68],{"class":67},[57,158780,552],{"class":238},[57,158782,1081],{"class":67},[57,158784,43443],{"class":990},[57,158786,6475],{"class":67},[57,158788,158789,158791,158793,158795,158798,158800],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,158790,6201],{"class":63},[57,158792,68],{"class":67},[57,158794,939],{"class":938},[57,158796,158797],{"class":942},"This is an integer",[57,158799,939],{"class":938},[57,158801,242],{"class":67},[15,158803,154,158804,158806],{},[19,158805,378],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[15,158808,154,158809,158811,158812,5301],{},[19,158810,42972],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[19,158813,5126],{},[15,158815,158816,158817,498],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[373,158818,1680,158820,1611],{"href":158819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[19,158821,42972],{},[43,158823,158825,158826],{"id":158824},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[19,158827,378],{},[15,158829,158830],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[48,158832,158834],{"className":50,"code":158833,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[19,158835,158836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158837,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158849,158851,158853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158839,1315],{"class":990},[57,158841,68],{"class":67},[57,158843,5798],{"class":238},[57,158845,1081],{"class":67},[57,158847,158848],{"class":238}," bases",[57,158850,1081],{"class":67},[57,158852,7307],{"class":990},[57,158854,242],{"class":67},[15,158856,158857],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[15,158859,275],{},[48,158861,158863],{"className":50,"code":158862,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[19,158864,158865,158908,158912,158922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158866,158867,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158881,158883,158885,158888,158890,158892,158895,158897,158899,158901,158904,158906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158868,158869],{"class":285},"Person ",[57,158871,289],{"class":76},[57,158873,47558],{"class":990},[57,158875,68],{"class":67},[57,158877,939],{"class":938},[57,158879,158880],{"class":942},"Person",[57,158882,939],{"class":938},[57,158884,1081],{"class":67},[57,158886,158887],{"class":67}," (),",[57,158889,8629],{"class":67},[57,158891,939],{"class":938},[57,158893,158894],{"class":942},"species",[57,158896,939],{"class":938},[57,158898,972],{"class":67},[57,158900,1449],{"class":938},[57,158902,158903],{"class":942},"human",[57,158905,939],{"class":938},[57,158907,28652],{"class":67},[57,158909,158910],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158911,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,158913,158914,158916,158918,158920],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,158915,64],{"class":63},[57,158917,68],{"class":67},[57,158919,158880],{"class":238},[57,158921,242],{"class":67},[57,158923,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932,158934],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,158925,64],{"class":63},[57,158927,68],{"class":67},[57,158929,158880],{"class":238},[57,158931,498],{"class":67},[57,158933,158894],{"class":22903},[57,158935,242],{"class":67},[15,158937,131],{},[48,158939,158941],{"className":50,"code":158940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[19,158942,158943,158958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158944,158945,158947,158949,158951,158954,158956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158946,1384],{"class":76},[57,158948,1387],{"class":125},[57,158950,1390],{"class":938},[57,158952,158953],{"class":942},"__main__.Person",[57,158955,1395],{"class":938},[57,158957,1398],{"class":76},[57,158959,158960],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,158961,158962],{"class":285},"human\n",[15,158964,158965,158966,158968],{},"Most beginners do ",[1854,158967,2750],{}," need this form.",[15,158970,158971],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[43,158973,3082,158975],{"id":158974},"when-to-use-type",[19,158976,378],{},[15,158978,158979,10588],{},[19,158980,378],{},[27,158982,158983,158986,158989,158992],{},[30,158984,158985],{},"debug unexpected values",[30,158987,158988],{},"check what a conversion produced",[30,158990,158991],{},"learn Python data types",[30,158993,158994],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[15,158996,3596],{},[48,158998,159000],{"className":50,"code":158999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[19,159001,159002,159014,159028,159032,159046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159003,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159005,32846],{"class":285},[57,159007,289],{"class":76},[57,159009,1449],{"class":938},[57,159011,48414],{"class":942},[57,159013,1455],{"class":938},[57,159015,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159017,286],{"class":285},[57,159019,289],{"class":76},[57,159021,43443],{"class":990},[57,159023,68],{"class":67},[57,159025,32867],{"class":238},[57,159027,242],{"class":67},[57,159029,159030],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,159031,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,159033,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,159035,64],{"class":63},[57,159037,68],{"class":67},[57,159039,1315],{"class":990},[57,159041,68],{"class":67},[57,159043,32867],{"class":238},[57,159045,84],{"class":67},[57,159047,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,159049,64],{"class":63},[57,159051,68],{"class":67},[57,159053,1315],{"class":990},[57,159055,68],{"class":67},[57,159057,310],{"class":238},[57,159059,84],{"class":67},[15,159061,131],{},[48,159063,159064],{"className":50,"code":123247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,159065,159066,159080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159067,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159069,1384],{"class":76},[57,159071,1387],{"class":125},[57,159073,1390],{"class":938},[57,159075,1541],{"class":942},[57,159077,1395],{"class":938},[57,159079,1398],{"class":76},[57,159081,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159083,1384],{"class":76},[57,159085,1387],{"class":125},[57,159087,1390],{"class":938},[57,159089,255],{"class":942},[57,159091,1395],{"class":938},[57,159093,1398],{"class":76},[15,159095,159096],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[15,159098,159099,159100,256,159104,15221,159108,159112],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[373,159101,159102],{"href":40340},[19,159103,45851],{},[373,159105,159106],{"href":961},[19,159107,964],{},[373,159109,159110],{"href":968},[19,159111,971],{}," are often the next step.",[43,159114,23511],{"id":23510},[15,159116,159117,159118,159120],{},"A few things about ",[19,159119,378],{}," often confuse beginners.",[616,159122,159124,159127],{"id":159123},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[19,159125,159126],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[15,159129,62816],{},[48,159131,159133],{"className":50,"code":159132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(5))\n",[19,159134,159135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159136,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159138,64],{"class":63},[57,159140,68],{"class":67},[57,159142,1315],{"class":990},[57,159144,68],{"class":67},[57,159146,199],{"class":80},[57,159148,84],{"class":67},[15,159150,121090],{},[48,159152,159153],{"className":50,"code":154602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,159154,159155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159156,159157,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159158,1384],{"class":76},[57,159160,1387],{"class":125},[57,159162,1390],{"class":938},[57,159164,255],{"class":942},[57,159166,1395],{"class":938},[57,159168,1398],{"class":76},[15,159170,39070,159171,159173,159174,498],{},[1854,159172,2750],{}," print just ",[19,159175,255],{},[15,159177,4805,159178,159180],{},[19,159179,378],{}," returns a class object.",[616,159182,159184,474,159186],{"id":159183},"input-returns-str",[19,159185,1047],{},[19,159187,1541],{},[15,159189,77715],{},[48,159191,159193],{"className":50,"code":159192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[19,159194,159195,159213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159196,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159198,525],{"class":285},[57,159200,289],{"class":76},[57,159202,6375],{"class":63},[57,159204,68],{"class":67},[57,159206,939],{"class":938},[57,159208,44477],{"class":942},[57,159210,939],{"class":938},[57,159212,242],{"class":67},[57,159214,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159216,64],{"class":63},[57,159218,68],{"class":67},[57,159220,1315],{"class":990},[57,159222,68],{"class":67},[57,159224,552],{"class":238},[57,159226,84],{"class":67},[15,159228,159229],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[15,159231,159232,159233,965,159235,498],{},"If you need a number, use ",[19,159234,964],{},[19,159236,971],{},[616,159238,159240],{"id":159239},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[15,159242,159243],{},"Avoid code like this:",[48,159245,159247],{"className":50,"code":159246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[19,159248,159249,159257,159261,159287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159250,159251,159253,159255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159252,525],{"class":285},[57,159254,289],{"class":76},[57,159256,33001],{"class":80},[57,159258,159259],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159260,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,159262,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,159264,5126],{"class":1990},[57,159266,47072],{"class":990},[57,159268,68],{"class":67},[57,159270,1315],{"class":990},[57,159272,68],{"class":67},[57,159274,552],{"class":238},[57,159276,3485],{"class":67},[57,159278,4535],{"class":76},[57,159280,1449],{"class":938},[57,159282,157981],{"class":942},[57,159284,939],{"class":938},[57,159286,4520],{"class":67},[57,159288,159289,159291,159293,159295,159298,159300],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,159290,6201],{"class":63},[57,159292,68],{"class":67},[57,159294,939],{"class":938},[57,159296,159297],{"class":942},"It is an int",[57,159299,939],{"class":938},[57,159301,242],{"class":67},[15,159303,159304],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[15,159306,159307],{},"Better options:",[48,159309,159311],{"className":50,"code":159310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[19,159312,159313,159321,159325,159345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159314,159315,159317,159319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159316,525],{"class":285},[57,159318,289],{"class":76},[57,159320,33001],{"class":80},[57,159322,159323],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159324,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,159328,64],{"class":63},[57,159330,68],{"class":67},[57,159332,1315],{"class":990},[57,159334,68],{"class":67},[57,159336,552],{"class":238},[57,159338,1769],{"class":67},[57,159340,4535],{"class":76},[57,159342,43443],{"class":990},[57,159344,242],{"class":67},[57,159346,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357,159359,159361],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,159348,64],{"class":63},[57,159350,68],{"class":67},[57,159352,47043],{"class":63},[57,159354,68],{"class":67},[57,159356,552],{"class":238},[57,159358,1081],{"class":67},[57,159360,43443],{"class":990},[57,159362,84],{"class":67},[15,159364,131],{},[48,159366,159367],{"className":50,"code":2623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,159368,159369,159373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159370,159371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159372,2095],{"class":1965},[57,159374,159375],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159376,2095],{"class":1965},[15,159378,159379,159380,159382],{},"In most real code, ",[19,159381,42972],{}," is the more useful check.",[43,159384,913],{"id":912},[15,159386,12880,159387,972],{},[19,159388,378],{},[27,159390,159391,159401,159410,159419],{},[30,159392,6551,159393,159395,159396,159400],{},[19,159394,378],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[373,159397,159398],{"href":6352},[19,159399,1047],{}," always returns a string",[30,159402,6587,159403,159405,159406,9232,159408],{},[19,159404,378],{}," to return plain text like ",[19,159407,255],{},[19,159409,157981],{},[30,159411,6551,159412,42796,159415,159418],{},[19,159413,159414],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[19,159416,159417],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[30,159420,159421],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[15,159423,159424,159425,498],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[373,159426,159428],{"href":159427},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[15,159430,142756],{},[48,159432,159434],{"className":50,"code":159433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[19,159435,159436,159450,159460,159474,159484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159437,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159439,64],{"class":63},[57,159441,68],{"class":67},[57,159443,1315],{"class":990},[57,159445,68],{"class":67},[57,159447,552],{"class":238},[57,159449,84],{"class":67},[57,159451,159452,159454,159456,159458],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159453,64],{"class":63},[57,159455,68],{"class":67},[57,159457,552],{"class":238},[57,159459,242],{"class":67},[57,159461,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,159463,64],{"class":63},[57,159465,68],{"class":67},[57,159467,39944],{"class":63},[57,159469,68],{"class":67},[57,159471,552],{"class":238},[57,159473,84],{"class":67},[57,159475,159476,159478,159480,159482],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,159477,30309],{"class":63},[57,159479,68],{"class":67},[57,159481,1315],{"class":990},[57,159483,242],{"class":67},[57,159485,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,159487,32530],{"class":63},[57,159489,68],{"class":67},[57,159491,552],{"class":238},[57,159493,242],{"class":67},[15,159495,159496],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[43,159498,1554],{"id":1553},[616,159500,3264,159502,3267],{"id":159501},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[19,159503,378],{},[15,159505,159506,159507,256,159509,256,159511,260,159513,159515,159516,498],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[19,159508,1541],{},[19,159510,255],{},[19,159512,6226],{},[19,159514,6957],{},", shown as a class object like ",[19,159517,157978],{},[616,159519,13050,159521,55376,159523,572],{"id":159520},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[19,159522,378],{},[19,159524,42972],{},[15,159526,44532,159527,159529,159530,159532],{},[19,159528,378],{}," shows the exact type. ",[19,159531,42972],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[616,159534,3280,159536,159539,159540,572],{"id":159535},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[19,159537,159538],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[19,159541,1541],{},[15,159543,27216,159544,159546,159547,965,159549,158640],{},[19,159545,1047],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[19,159548,964],{},[19,159550,971],{},[616,159552,3292,159554,159556],{"id":159553},"can-type-create-classes",[19,159555,378],{}," create classes?",[15,159558,159559,159560,498],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[19,159561,159562],{},"type(object)",[43,159564,1602],{"id":1601},[27,159566,159567,159571,159577,159583,159587,159593,159599],{},[30,159568,159569],{},[373,159570,42964],{"href":47146},[30,159572,159573],{},[373,159574,1680,159575,1611],{"href":158819},[19,159576,42972],{},[30,159578,159579],{},[373,159580,1680,159581,1611],{"href":6352},[19,159582,1047],{},[30,159584,159585],{},[373,159586,7194],{"href":7116},[30,159588,159589],{},[373,159590,1680,159591,1611],{"href":961},[19,159592,964],{},[30,159594,159595],{},[373,159596,1680,159597,1611],{"href":968},[19,159598,971],{},[30,159600,159601],{},[373,159602,1680,159603,1611],{"href":40340},[19,159604,45851],{},[1634,159606,159607],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":159609},[159610,159611,159613,159614,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623,159630,159631,159641],{"id":1713,"depth":87,"text":1714},{"id":157984,"depth":87,"text":159612},"What the type() function does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":120058,"depth":87,"text":120059},{"id":158342,"depth":87,"text":159616},"Using type() with variables",{"id":158648,"depth":87,"text":159618},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":158824,"depth":87,"text":159620},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":158974,"depth":87,"text":159622},"When to use type()",{"id":23510,"depth":87,"text":23511,"children":159624},[159625,159627,159629],{"id":159123,"depth":103,"text":159626},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":159183,"depth":103,"text":159628},"input() returns str",{"id":159239,"depth":103,"text":159240},{"id":912,"depth":87,"text":913},{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":159632},[159633,159635,159637,159639],{"id":159501,"depth":103,"text":159634},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":159520,"depth":103,"text":159636},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":159535,"depth":103,"text":159638},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":159553,"depth":103,"text":159640},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":157818,"description":159642},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":159648,"title":159649,"body":159650,"description":162129,"extension":1666,"meta":162130,"navigation":317,"path":162131,"seo":162132,"stem":162133,"__hash__":162134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":8,"value":159651,"toc":162086},[159652,159657,159662,159671,159673,159773,159775,159800,159805,159810,159826,159829,159831,159833,159858,159861,159864,159947,159949,159998,160001,160123,160125,160198,160202,160205,160319,160321,160347,160349,160370,160375,160379,160384,160387,160491,160493,160510,160519,160522,160609,160611,160622,160627,160633,160638,160644,160647,160740,160742,160791,160797,160800,160901,160903,160956,160961,160965,160968,161067,161069,161108,161111,161116,161118,161123,161127,161240,161244,161341,161345,161433,161435,161452,161456,161579,161585,161591,161597,161602,161605,161632,161636,161638,161732,161735,161739,161742,161829,161832,161867,161869,161906,161909,161917,161922,161927,162001,162008,162010,162015,162018,162024,162027,162033,162038,162044,162049,162053,162056,162058,162083],[11,159653,1680,159655,1684],{"id":159654},"python-zip-function-explained",[19,159656,62492],{},[15,159658,159659,159661],{},[19,159660,62492],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[15,159663,159664,159665,159667,159668,159670],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[19,159666,62492],{}," inside a ",[19,159669,4083],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[43,159672,46],{"id":45},[48,159674,159676],{"className":50,"code":159675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[19,159677,159678,159710,159730,159734,159759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159679,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704,159706,159708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159681,3116],{"class":285},[57,159683,289],{"class":76},[57,159685,1729],{"class":67},[57,159687,939],{"class":938},[57,159689,11025],{"class":942},[57,159691,939],{"class":938},[57,159693,1081],{"class":67},[57,159695,1449],{"class":938},[57,159697,34101],{"class":942},[57,159699,939],{"class":938},[57,159701,1081],{"class":67},[57,159703,1449],{"class":938},[57,159705,34110],{"class":942},[57,159707,939],{"class":938},[57,159709,1742],{"class":67},[57,159711,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159713,3185],{"class":285},[57,159715,289],{"class":76},[57,159717,1729],{"class":67},[57,159719,11648],{"class":80},[57,159721,1081],{"class":67},[57,159723,11653],{"class":80},[57,159725,1081],{"class":67},[57,159727,27075],{"class":80},[57,159729,1742],{"class":67},[57,159731,159732],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,159733,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,159735,159736,159738,159740,159742,159744,159746,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,159737,4083],{"class":1990},[57,159739,34152],{"class":285},[57,159741,1081],{"class":67},[57,159743,3227],{"class":285},[57,159745,1997],{"class":1990},[57,159747,159748],{"class":63}," zip",[57,159750,68],{"class":67},[57,159752,3160],{"class":238},[57,159754,1081],{"class":67},[57,159756,3232],{"class":238},[57,159758,6475],{"class":67},[57,159760,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,159762,6201],{"class":63},[57,159764,68],{"class":67},[57,159766,5798],{"class":238},[57,159768,1081],{"class":67},[57,159770,129036],{"class":238},[57,159772,242],{"class":67},[15,159774,131],{},[48,159776,159778],{"className":50,"code":159777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[19,159779,159780,159786,159793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159781,159782,159784],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159783,132055],{"class":285},[57,159785,31293],{"class":80},[57,159787,159788,159791],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159789,159790],{"class":285},"Ben ",[57,159792,31298],{"class":80},[57,159794,159795,159798],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,159796,159797],{"class":285},"Cara ",[57,159799,31303],{"class":80},[15,159801,154,159802,159804],{},[19,159803,62492],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[43,159806,1787,159808,1790],{"id":159807},"what-zip-does",[19,159809,62492],{},[27,159811,159812,159817,159820,159823],{},[30,159813,159814,159816],{},[19,159815,62492],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[30,159818,159819],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[30,159821,159822],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[30,159824,159825],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[15,159827,159828],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[43,159830,221],{"id":220},[15,159832,5347],{},[48,159834,159836],{"className":50,"code":159835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[19,159837,159838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159839,159840,159842,159844,159847,159849,159852,159854,159856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159841,62562],{"class":63},[57,159843,68],{"class":67},[57,159845,159846],{"class":238},"iterable1",[57,159848,1081],{"class":67},[57,159850,159851],{"class":238}," iterable2",[57,159853,1081],{"class":67},[57,159855,32612],{"class":63},[57,159857,242],{"class":67},[15,159859,159860],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[15,159862,159863],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[48,159865,159867],{"className":50,"code":159866,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[19,159868,159869,159889,159921,159925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159870,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885,159887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159872,1724],{"class":285},[57,159874,289],{"class":76},[57,159876,1729],{"class":67},[57,159878,1078],{"class":80},[57,159880,1081],{"class":67},[57,159882,1084],{"class":80},[57,159884,1081],{"class":67},[57,159886,530],{"class":80},[57,159888,1742],{"class":67},[57,159890,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,159892,34251],{"class":285},[57,159894,289],{"class":76},[57,159896,1729],{"class":67},[57,159898,939],{"class":938},[57,159900,373],{"class":942},[57,159902,939],{"class":938},[57,159904,1081],{"class":67},[57,159906,1449],{"class":938},[57,159908,2881],{"class":942},[57,159910,939],{"class":938},[57,159912,1081],{"class":67},[57,159914,1449],{"class":938},[57,159916,7877],{"class":942},[57,159918,939],{"class":938},[57,159920,1742],{"class":67},[57,159922,159923],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,159924,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,159926,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,159928,64],{"class":63},[57,159930,68],{"class":67},[57,159932,6226],{"class":990},[57,159934,68],{"class":67},[57,159936,62562],{"class":63},[57,159938,68],{"class":67},[57,159940,1756],{"class":238},[57,159942,1081],{"class":67},[57,159944,68269],{"class":238},[57,159946,1001],{"class":67},[15,159948,131],{},[48,159950,159952],{"className":50,"code":159951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[19,159953,159954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159955,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159957,19892],{"class":67},[57,159959,1078],{"class":80},[57,159961,1081],{"class":67},[57,159963,1390],{"class":938},[57,159965,373],{"class":942},[57,159967,1395],{"class":938},[57,159969,7370],{"class":67},[57,159971,7373],{"class":67},[57,159973,116],{"class":80},[57,159975,1081],{"class":67},[57,159977,1390],{"class":938},[57,159979,2881],{"class":942},[57,159981,1395],{"class":938},[57,159983,7370],{"class":67},[57,159985,7373],{"class":67},[57,159987,122],{"class":80},[57,159989,1081],{"class":67},[57,159991,1390],{"class":938},[57,159993,7877],{"class":942},[57,159995,1395],{"class":938},[57,159997,7386],{"class":67},[15,159999,160000],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[48,160002,160004],{"className":50,"code":160003,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[19,160005,160006,160038,160058,160092,160096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160007,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160009,3116],{"class":285},[57,160011,289],{"class":76},[57,160013,1729],{"class":67},[57,160015,939],{"class":938},[57,160017,11025],{"class":942},[57,160019,939],{"class":938},[57,160021,1081],{"class":67},[57,160023,1449],{"class":938},[57,160025,34101],{"class":942},[57,160027,939],{"class":938},[57,160029,1081],{"class":67},[57,160031,1449],{"class":938},[57,160033,34110],{"class":942},[57,160035,939],{"class":938},[57,160037,1742],{"class":67},[57,160039,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160041,3185],{"class":285},[57,160043,289],{"class":76},[57,160045,1729],{"class":67},[57,160047,11648],{"class":80},[57,160049,1081],{"class":67},[57,160051,11653],{"class":80},[57,160053,1081],{"class":67},[57,160055,27075],{"class":80},[57,160057,1742],{"class":67},[57,160059,160060,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085,160088,160090],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,160061,160062],{"class":285},"grades ",[57,160064,289],{"class":76},[57,160066,1729],{"class":67},[57,160068,939],{"class":938},[57,160070,20397],{"class":942},[57,160072,939],{"class":938},[57,160074,1081],{"class":67},[57,160076,1449],{"class":938},[57,160078,28756],{"class":942},[57,160080,939],{"class":938},[57,160082,1081],{"class":67},[57,160084,1449],{"class":938},[57,160086,160087],{"class":942},"B+",[57,160089,939],{"class":938},[57,160091,1742],{"class":67},[57,160093,160094],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,160095,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,160097,160098,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114,160116,160118,160121],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,160099,64],{"class":63},[57,160101,68],{"class":67},[57,160103,6226],{"class":990},[57,160105,68],{"class":67},[57,160107,62562],{"class":63},[57,160109,68],{"class":67},[57,160111,3160],{"class":238},[57,160113,1081],{"class":67},[57,160115,3232],{"class":238},[57,160117,1081],{"class":67},[57,160119,160120],{"class":238}," grades",[57,160122,1001],{"class":67},[15,160124,131],{},[48,160126,160128],{"className":50,"code":160127,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[19,160129,160130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160131,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160133,19892],{"class":67},[57,160135,1395],{"class":938},[57,160137,11025],{"class":942},[57,160139,1395],{"class":938},[57,160141,1081],{"class":67},[57,160143,18049],{"class":80},[57,160145,1081],{"class":67},[57,160147,1390],{"class":938},[57,160149,20397],{"class":942},[57,160151,1395],{"class":938},[57,160153,7370],{"class":67},[57,160155,7373],{"class":67},[57,160157,1395],{"class":938},[57,160159,34101],{"class":942},[57,160161,1395],{"class":938},[57,160163,1081],{"class":67},[57,160165,11653],{"class":80},[57,160167,1081],{"class":67},[57,160169,1390],{"class":938},[57,160171,28756],{"class":942},[57,160173,1395],{"class":938},[57,160175,7370],{"class":67},[57,160177,7373],{"class":67},[57,160179,1395],{"class":938},[57,160181,34110],{"class":942},[57,160183,1395],{"class":938},[57,160185,1081],{"class":67},[57,160187,27075],{"class":80},[57,160189,1081],{"class":67},[57,160191,1390],{"class":938},[57,160193,160087],{"class":942},[57,160195,1395],{"class":938},[57,160197,7386],{"class":67},[43,160199,160201],{"id":160200},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[15,160203,160204],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[48,160206,160208],{"className":50,"code":160207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[19,160209,160210,160242,160262,160266,160290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160211,160212,160214,160216,160218,160220,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160213,3116],{"class":285},[57,160215,289],{"class":76},[57,160217,1729],{"class":67},[57,160219,939],{"class":938},[57,160221,11025],{"class":942},[57,160223,939],{"class":938},[57,160225,1081],{"class":67},[57,160227,1449],{"class":938},[57,160229,34101],{"class":942},[57,160231,939],{"class":938},[57,160233,1081],{"class":67},[57,160235,1449],{"class":938},[57,160237,34110],{"class":942},[57,160239,939],{"class":938},[57,160241,1742],{"class":67},[57,160243,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160245,3185],{"class":285},[57,160247,289],{"class":76},[57,160249,1729],{"class":67},[57,160251,11648],{"class":80},[57,160253,1081],{"class":67},[57,160255,11653],{"class":80},[57,160257,1081],{"class":67},[57,160259,27075],{"class":80},[57,160261,1742],{"class":67},[57,160263,160264],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,160265,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,160267,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,160269,4083],{"class":1990},[57,160271,34152],{"class":285},[57,160273,1081],{"class":67},[57,160275,3227],{"class":285},[57,160277,1997],{"class":1990},[57,160279,159748],{"class":63},[57,160281,68],{"class":67},[57,160283,3160],{"class":238},[57,160285,1081],{"class":67},[57,160287,3232],{"class":238},[57,160289,6475],{"class":67},[57,160291,160292,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,160293,6201],{"class":63},[57,160295,68],{"class":67},[57,160297,20446],{"class":125},[57,160299,939],{"class":942},[57,160301,7415],{"class":80},[57,160303,5798],{"class":238},[57,160305,20455],{"class":80},[57,160307,160308],{"class":942}," scored ",[57,160310,7415],{"class":80},[57,160312,83693],{"class":238},[57,160314,20455],{"class":80},[57,160316,939],{"class":942},[57,160318,242],{"class":67},[15,160320,131],{},[48,160322,160324],{"className":50,"code":160323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[19,160325,160326,160333,160340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160327,160328,160331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160329,160330],{"class":285},"Ana scored ",[57,160332,31293],{"class":80},[57,160334,160335,160338],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160336,160337],{"class":285},"Ben scored ",[57,160339,31298],{"class":80},[57,160341,160342,160345],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,160343,160344],{"class":285},"Cara scored ",[57,160346,31303],{"class":80},[15,160348,43097],{},[27,160350,160351,160360,160363],{},[30,160352,160353,160356,160357],{},[19,160354,160355],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[19,160358,160359],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[30,160361,160362],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[30,160364,160365,2511,160367,160369],{},[19,160366,5798],{},[19,160368,83693],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[15,160371,160372,160373,498],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[373,160374,67786],{"href":67785},[43,160376,160378],{"id":160377},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[15,160380,160381,160383],{},[19,160382,62492],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[15,160385,160386],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[48,160388,160390],{"className":50,"code":160389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[19,160391,160392,160433,160449,160453,160477],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160393,160394,160396,160398,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160429,160431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160395,3116],{"class":285},[57,160397,289],{"class":76},[57,160399,1729],{"class":67},[57,160401,939],{"class":938},[57,160403,11025],{"class":942},[57,160405,939],{"class":938},[57,160407,1081],{"class":67},[57,160409,1449],{"class":938},[57,160411,34101],{"class":942},[57,160413,939],{"class":938},[57,160415,1081],{"class":67},[57,160417,1449],{"class":938},[57,160419,34110],{"class":942},[57,160421,939],{"class":938},[57,160423,1081],{"class":67},[57,160425,1449],{"class":938},[57,160427,160428],{"class":942},"Dan",[57,160430,939],{"class":938},[57,160432,1742],{"class":67},[57,160434,160435,160437,160439,160441,160443,160445,160447],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160436,3185],{"class":285},[57,160438,289],{"class":76},[57,160440,1729],{"class":67},[57,160442,11648],{"class":80},[57,160444,1081],{"class":67},[57,160446,11653],{"class":80},[57,160448,1742],{"class":67},[57,160450,160451],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,160452,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473,160475],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,160456,4083],{"class":1990},[57,160458,34152],{"class":285},[57,160460,1081],{"class":67},[57,160462,3227],{"class":285},[57,160464,1997],{"class":1990},[57,160466,159748],{"class":63},[57,160468,68],{"class":67},[57,160470,3160],{"class":238},[57,160472,1081],{"class":67},[57,160474,3232],{"class":238},[57,160476,6475],{"class":67},[57,160478,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,160480,6201],{"class":63},[57,160482,68],{"class":67},[57,160484,5798],{"class":238},[57,160486,1081],{"class":67},[57,160488,129036],{"class":238},[57,160490,242],{"class":67},[15,160492,131],{},[48,160494,160496],{"className":50,"code":160495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[19,160497,160498,160504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160499,160500,160502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160501,132055],{"class":285},[57,160503,31293],{"class":80},[57,160505,160506,160508],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160507,159790],{"class":285},[57,160509,31298],{"class":80},[15,160511,361,160512,2511,160515,160518],{},[19,160513,160514],{},"\"Cara\"",[19,160516,160517],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[15,160520,160521],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[48,160523,160525],{"className":50,"code":160524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[19,160526,160527,160567,160583,160587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160528,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559,160561,160563,160565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160530,3116],{"class":285},[57,160532,289],{"class":76},[57,160534,1729],{"class":67},[57,160536,939],{"class":938},[57,160538,11025],{"class":942},[57,160540,939],{"class":938},[57,160542,1081],{"class":67},[57,160544,1449],{"class":938},[57,160546,34101],{"class":942},[57,160548,939],{"class":938},[57,160550,1081],{"class":67},[57,160552,1449],{"class":938},[57,160554,34110],{"class":942},[57,160556,939],{"class":938},[57,160558,1081],{"class":67},[57,160560,1449],{"class":938},[57,160562,160428],{"class":942},[57,160564,939],{"class":938},[57,160566,1742],{"class":67},[57,160568,160569,160571,160573,160575,160577,160579,160581],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160570,3185],{"class":285},[57,160572,289],{"class":76},[57,160574,1729],{"class":67},[57,160576,11648],{"class":80},[57,160578,1081],{"class":67},[57,160580,11653],{"class":80},[57,160582,1742],{"class":67},[57,160584,160585],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,160586,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,160588,160589,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,160590,64],{"class":63},[57,160592,68],{"class":67},[57,160594,9302],{"class":63},[57,160596,68],{"class":67},[57,160598,3160],{"class":238},[57,160600,7370],{"class":67},[57,160602,36549],{"class":63},[57,160604,68],{"class":67},[57,160606,14537],{"class":238},[57,160608,84],{"class":67},[15,160610,131],{},[48,160612,160614],{"className":50,"code":160613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4 2\n",[19,160615,160616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160617,160618,160620],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160619,585],{"class":80},[57,160621,43756],{"class":80},[15,160623,160624,160625,498],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[19,160626,62492],{},[43,160628,90284,160630,160632],{"id":160629},"converting-zip-output",[19,160631,62492],{}," output",[15,160634,27216,160635,160637],{},[19,160636,62492],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[616,160639,154,160641],{"id":160640},"use-listzip",[19,160642,160643],{},"list(zip(...))",[15,160645,160646],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[48,160648,160650],{"className":50,"code":160649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[19,160651,160652,160684,160704,160708,160730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160653,160654,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160655,3116],{"class":285},[57,160657,289],{"class":76},[57,160659,1729],{"class":67},[57,160661,939],{"class":938},[57,160663,11025],{"class":942},[57,160665,939],{"class":938},[57,160667,1081],{"class":67},[57,160669,1449],{"class":938},[57,160671,34101],{"class":942},[57,160673,939],{"class":938},[57,160675,1081],{"class":67},[57,160677,1449],{"class":938},[57,160679,34110],{"class":942},[57,160681,939],{"class":938},[57,160683,1742],{"class":67},[57,160685,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694,160696,160698,160700,160702],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160687,3185],{"class":285},[57,160689,289],{"class":76},[57,160691,1729],{"class":67},[57,160693,11648],{"class":80},[57,160695,1081],{"class":67},[57,160697,11653],{"class":80},[57,160699,1081],{"class":67},[57,160701,27075],{"class":80},[57,160703,1742],{"class":67},[57,160705,160706],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,160707,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,160709,160710,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722,160724,160726,160728],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,160711,7352],{"class":285},[57,160713,289],{"class":76},[57,160715,20712],{"class":990},[57,160717,68],{"class":67},[57,160719,62562],{"class":63},[57,160721,68],{"class":67},[57,160723,3160],{"class":238},[57,160725,1081],{"class":67},[57,160727,3232],{"class":238},[57,160729,84],{"class":67},[57,160731,160732,160734,160736,160738],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,160733,64],{"class":63},[57,160735,68],{"class":67},[57,160737,7399],{"class":238},[57,160739,242],{"class":67},[15,160741,131],{},[48,160743,160745],{"className":50,"code":160744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[19,160746,160747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160748,160749,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769,160771,160773,160775,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787,160789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160750,19892],{"class":67},[57,160752,1395],{"class":938},[57,160754,11025],{"class":942},[57,160756,1395],{"class":938},[57,160758,1081],{"class":67},[57,160760,18049],{"class":80},[57,160762,7370],{"class":67},[57,160764,7373],{"class":67},[57,160766,1395],{"class":938},[57,160768,34101],{"class":942},[57,160770,1395],{"class":938},[57,160772,1081],{"class":67},[57,160774,11653],{"class":80},[57,160776,7370],{"class":67},[57,160778,7373],{"class":67},[57,160780,1395],{"class":938},[57,160782,34110],{"class":942},[57,160784,1395],{"class":938},[57,160786,1081],{"class":67},[57,160788,27075],{"class":80},[57,160790,7386],{"class":67},[616,160792,154,160794],{"id":160793},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[19,160795,160796],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[15,160798,160799],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[48,160801,160803],{"className":50,"code":160802,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[19,160804,160805,160837,160865,160869,160891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160806,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160808,15391],{"class":285},[57,160810,289],{"class":76},[57,160812,1729],{"class":67},[57,160814,939],{"class":938},[57,160816,5798],{"class":942},[57,160818,939],{"class":938},[57,160820,1081],{"class":67},[57,160822,1449],{"class":938},[57,160824,7436],{"class":942},[57,160826,939],{"class":938},[57,160828,1081],{"class":67},[57,160830,1449],{"class":938},[57,160832,8547],{"class":942},[57,160834,939],{"class":938},[57,160836,1742],{"class":67},[57,160838,160839,160841,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859,160861,160863],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,160840,1935],{"class":285},[57,160842,289],{"class":76},[57,160844,1729],{"class":67},[57,160846,939],{"class":938},[57,160848,11025],{"class":942},[57,160850,939],{"class":938},[57,160852,1081],{"class":67},[57,160854,7443],{"class":80},[57,160856,1081],{"class":67},[57,160858,1449],{"class":938},[57,160860,14179],{"class":942},[57,160862,939],{"class":938},[57,160864,1742],{"class":67},[57,160866,160867],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,160868,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,160870,160871,160873,160875,160877,160879,160881,160883,160885,160887,160889],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,160872,11350],{"class":285},[57,160874,289],{"class":76},[57,160876,7307],{"class":990},[57,160878,68],{"class":67},[57,160880,62562],{"class":63},[57,160882,68],{"class":67},[57,160884,15072],{"class":238},[57,160886,1081],{"class":67},[57,160888,2000],{"class":238},[57,160890,84],{"class":67},[57,160892,160893,160895,160897,160899],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,160894,64],{"class":63},[57,160896,68],{"class":67},[57,160898,15456],{"class":238},[57,160900,242],{"class":67},[15,160902,131],{},[48,160904,160906],{"className":50,"code":160905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[19,160907,160908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160909,160910,160912,160914,160916,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160911,7415],{"class":67},[57,160913,1395],{"class":938},[57,160915,5798],{"class":942},[57,160917,1395],{"class":938},[57,160919,972],{"class":67},[57,160921,1390],{"class":938},[57,160923,11025],{"class":942},[57,160925,1395],{"class":938},[57,160927,1081],{"class":67},[57,160929,1390],{"class":938},[57,160931,7436],{"class":942},[57,160933,1395],{"class":938},[57,160935,972],{"class":67},[57,160937,7443],{"class":80},[57,160939,1081],{"class":67},[57,160941,1390],{"class":938},[57,160943,8547],{"class":942},[57,160945,1395],{"class":938},[57,160947,972],{"class":67},[57,160949,1390],{"class":938},[57,160951,14179],{"class":942},[57,160953,1395],{"class":938},[57,160955,7446],{"class":67},[15,160957,160958,160959,498],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[373,160960,29243],{"href":29242},[616,160962,160964],{"id":160963},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[15,160966,160967],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[48,160969,160971],{"className":50,"code":160970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[19,160972,160973,160997,161013,161017,161035,161039,161053],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160974,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991,160993,160995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160976,3116],{"class":285},[57,160978,289],{"class":76},[57,160980,1729],{"class":67},[57,160982,939],{"class":938},[57,160984,11025],{"class":942},[57,160986,939],{"class":938},[57,160988,1081],{"class":67},[57,160990,1449],{"class":938},[57,160992,34101],{"class":942},[57,160994,939],{"class":938},[57,160996,1742],{"class":67},[57,160998,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007,161009,161011],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161000,3185],{"class":285},[57,161002,289],{"class":76},[57,161004,1729],{"class":67},[57,161006,11648],{"class":80},[57,161008,1081],{"class":67},[57,161010,11653],{"class":80},[57,161012,1742],{"class":67},[57,161014,161015],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161016,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161018,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161020,7352],{"class":285},[57,161022,289],{"class":76},[57,161024,159748],{"class":63},[57,161026,68],{"class":67},[57,161028,3160],{"class":238},[57,161030,1081],{"class":67},[57,161032,3232],{"class":238},[57,161034,242],{"class":67},[57,161036,161037],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,161038,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161040,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,161042,64],{"class":63},[57,161044,68],{"class":67},[57,161046,6226],{"class":990},[57,161048,68],{"class":67},[57,161050,7399],{"class":238},[57,161052,84],{"class":67},[57,161054,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,161056,64],{"class":63},[57,161058,68],{"class":67},[57,161060,6226],{"class":990},[57,161062,68],{"class":67},[57,161064,7399],{"class":238},[57,161066,84],{"class":67},[15,161068,131],{},[48,161070,161072],{"className":50,"code":161071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[19,161073,161074,161104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161075,161076,161078,161080,161082,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161077,19892],{"class":67},[57,161079,1395],{"class":938},[57,161081,11025],{"class":942},[57,161083,1395],{"class":938},[57,161085,1081],{"class":67},[57,161087,18049],{"class":80},[57,161089,7370],{"class":67},[57,161091,7373],{"class":67},[57,161093,1395],{"class":938},[57,161095,34101],{"class":942},[57,161097,1395],{"class":938},[57,161099,1081],{"class":67},[57,161101,11653],{"class":80},[57,161103,7386],{"class":67},[57,161105,161106],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161107,36460],{"class":67},[15,161109,161110],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[15,161112,161113,161114,498],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[373,161115,3258],{"href":3711},[43,161117,39210],{"id":39209},[15,161119,161120,161121,498],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[19,161122,62492],{},[616,161124,161126],{"id":161125},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[48,161128,161130],{"className":50,"code":161129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[19,161131,161132,161164,161184,161188,161212],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161133,161134,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161162],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161135,3116],{"class":285},[57,161137,289],{"class":76},[57,161139,1729],{"class":67},[57,161141,939],{"class":938},[57,161143,11025],{"class":942},[57,161145,939],{"class":938},[57,161147,1081],{"class":67},[57,161149,1449],{"class":938},[57,161151,34101],{"class":942},[57,161153,939],{"class":938},[57,161155,1081],{"class":67},[57,161157,1449],{"class":938},[57,161159,34110],{"class":942},[57,161161,939],{"class":938},[57,161163,1742],{"class":67},[57,161165,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161167,3185],{"class":285},[57,161169,289],{"class":76},[57,161171,1729],{"class":67},[57,161173,11648],{"class":80},[57,161175,1081],{"class":67},[57,161177,11653],{"class":80},[57,161179,1081],{"class":67},[57,161181,27075],{"class":80},[57,161183,1742],{"class":67},[57,161185,161186],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161187,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161189,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198,161200,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161191,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161193,34152],{"class":285},[57,161195,1081],{"class":67},[57,161197,3227],{"class":285},[57,161199,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161201,159748],{"class":63},[57,161203,68],{"class":67},[57,161205,3160],{"class":238},[57,161207,1081],{"class":67},[57,161209,3232],{"class":238},[57,161211,6475],{"class":67},[57,161213,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,161215,6201],{"class":63},[57,161217,68],{"class":67},[57,161219,20446],{"class":125},[57,161221,939],{"class":942},[57,161223,7415],{"class":80},[57,161225,5798],{"class":238},[57,161227,20455],{"class":80},[57,161229,20458],{"class":942},[57,161231,7415],{"class":80},[57,161233,83693],{"class":238},[57,161235,20455],{"class":80},[57,161237,939],{"class":942},[57,161239,242],{"class":67},[616,161241,161243],{"id":161242},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[48,161245,161247],{"className":50,"code":161246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[19,161248,161249,161281,161305,161309,161331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161250,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161252,15391],{"class":285},[57,161254,289],{"class":76},[57,161256,1729],{"class":67},[57,161258,939],{"class":938},[57,161260,10793],{"class":942},[57,161262,939],{"class":938},[57,161264,1081],{"class":67},[57,161266,1449],{"class":938},[57,161268,5798],{"class":942},[57,161270,939],{"class":938},[57,161272,1081],{"class":67},[57,161274,1449],{"class":938},[57,161276,13969],{"class":942},[57,161278,939],{"class":938},[57,161280,1742],{"class":67},[57,161282,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161284,1935],{"class":285},[57,161286,289],{"class":76},[57,161288,1729],{"class":67},[57,161290,44759],{"class":80},[57,161292,1081],{"class":67},[57,161294,1449],{"class":938},[57,161296,11025],{"class":942},[57,161298,939],{"class":938},[57,161300,1081],{"class":67},[57,161302,2031],{"class":1965},[57,161304,1742],{"class":67},[57,161306,161307],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161308,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161310,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161312,7302],{"class":285},[57,161314,289],{"class":76},[57,161316,7307],{"class":990},[57,161318,68],{"class":67},[57,161320,62562],{"class":63},[57,161322,68],{"class":67},[57,161324,15072],{"class":238},[57,161326,1081],{"class":67},[57,161328,2000],{"class":238},[57,161330,84],{"class":67},[57,161332,161333,161335,161337,161339],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,161334,64],{"class":63},[57,161336,68],{"class":67},[57,161338,7341],{"class":238},[57,161340,242],{"class":67},[616,161342,161344],{"id":161343},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[48,161346,161348],{"className":50,"code":161347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[19,161349,161350,161370,161390,161394,161419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161351,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161353,78831],{"class":285},[57,161355,289],{"class":76},[57,161357,1729],{"class":67},[57,161359,407],{"class":80},[57,161361,1081],{"class":67},[57,161363,5921],{"class":80},[57,161365,1081],{"class":67},[57,161367,5926],{"class":80},[57,161369,1742],{"class":67},[57,161371,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161386,161388],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161373,78852],{"class":285},[57,161375,289],{"class":76},[57,161377,1729],{"class":67},[57,161379,407],{"class":80},[57,161381,1081],{"class":67},[57,161383,7443],{"class":80},[57,161385,1081],{"class":67},[57,161387,5926],{"class":80},[57,161389,1742],{"class":67},[57,161391,161392],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161393,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161395,161396,161398,161400,161402,161405,161407,161409,161411,161413,161415,161417],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161397,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161399,55058],{"class":285},[57,161401,1081],{"class":67},[57,161403,161404],{"class":285}," b ",[57,161406,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161408,159748],{"class":63},[57,161410,68],{"class":67},[57,161412,109923],{"class":238},[57,161414,1081],{"class":67},[57,161416,78895],{"class":238},[57,161418,6475],{"class":67},[57,161420,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,161422,6201],{"class":63},[57,161424,68],{"class":67},[57,161426,636],{"class":238},[57,161428,2808],{"class":76},[57,161430,641],{"class":238},[57,161432,242],{"class":67},[15,161434,131],{},[48,161436,161438],{"className":50,"code":161437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[19,161439,161440,161444,161448],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161441,161442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161443,2095],{"class":1965},[57,161445,161446],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161447,2156],{"class":1965},[57,161449,161450],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161451,2095],{"class":1965},[616,161453,161455],{"id":161454},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[48,161457,161459],{"className":50,"code":161458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[19,161460,161461,161496,161519,161523,161550],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161462,161463,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161483,161485,161487,161489,161492,161494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161464,161465],{"class":285},"products ",[57,161467,289],{"class":76},[57,161469,1729],{"class":67},[57,161471,939],{"class":938},[57,161473,23294],{"class":942},[57,161475,939],{"class":938},[57,161477,1081],{"class":67},[57,161479,1449],{"class":938},[57,161481,161482],{"class":942},"Pen",[57,161484,939],{"class":938},[57,161486,1081],{"class":67},[57,161488,1449],{"class":938},[57,161490,161491],{"class":942},"Bag",[57,161493,939],{"class":938},[57,161495,1742],{"class":67},[57,161497,161498,161500,161502,161504,161507,161509,161512,161514,161517],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161499,81221],{"class":285},[57,161501,289],{"class":76},[57,161503,1729],{"class":67},[57,161505,161506],{"class":80},"12.5",[57,161508,1081],{"class":67},[57,161510,161511],{"class":80}," 1.2",[57,161513,1081],{"class":67},[57,161515,161516],{"class":80}," 25.0",[57,161518,1742],{"class":67},[57,161520,161521],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161522,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161524,161525,161527,161529,161531,161534,161536,161538,161540,161543,161545,161548],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161526,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161528,23355],{"class":285},[57,161530,1081],{"class":67},[57,161532,161533],{"class":285}," price ",[57,161535,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161537,159748],{"class":63},[57,161539,68],{"class":67},[57,161541,161542],{"class":238},"products",[57,161544,1081],{"class":67},[57,161546,161547],{"class":238}," prices",[57,161549,6475],{"class":67},[57,161551,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,161553,6201],{"class":63},[57,161555,68],{"class":67},[57,161557,20446],{"class":125},[57,161559,939],{"class":942},[57,161561,7415],{"class":80},[57,161563,25163],{"class":238},[57,161565,20455],{"class":80},[57,161567,161568],{"class":942}," costs $",[57,161570,7415],{"class":80},[57,161572,23303],{"class":238},[57,161574,20455],{"class":80},[57,161576,939],{"class":942},[57,161578,242],{"class":67},[15,161580,34763,161581,498],{},[373,161582,161584],{"href":161583},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[43,161586,161588,161589],{"id":161587},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[19,161590,62492],{},[616,161592,6587,161594,161596],{"id":161593},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[19,161595,62492],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[15,161598,161599,161601],{},[19,161600,62492],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[15,161603,161604],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[48,161606,161608],{"className":50,"code":161607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[19,161609,161610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161611,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161613,64],{"class":63},[57,161615,68],{"class":67},[57,161617,9302],{"class":63},[57,161619,68],{"class":67},[57,161621,109923],{"class":238},[57,161623,7370],{"class":67},[57,161625,36549],{"class":63},[57,161627,68],{"class":67},[57,161629,79118],{"class":238},[57,161631,84],{"class":67},[616,161633,161635],{"id":161634},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[15,161637,67009],{},[48,161639,161641],{"className":50,"code":161640,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[19,161642,161643,161679,161683,161696,161706,161710,161722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161644,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161646,7352],{"class":285},[57,161648,289],{"class":76},[57,161650,159748],{"class":63},[57,161652,1075],{"class":67},[57,161654,1078],{"class":80},[57,161656,1081],{"class":67},[57,161658,1084],{"class":80},[57,161660,16212],{"class":67},[57,161662,1729],{"class":67},[57,161664,939],{"class":938},[57,161666,373],{"class":942},[57,161668,939],{"class":938},[57,161670,1081],{"class":67},[57,161672,1449],{"class":938},[57,161674,2881],{"class":942},[57,161676,939],{"class":938},[57,161678,2003],{"class":67},[57,161680,161681],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161682,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161684,161685,161687,161689,161691,161694],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161686,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161688,4086],{"class":285},[57,161690,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161692,161693],{"class":285}," pairs",[57,161695,4520],{"class":67},[57,161697,161698,161700,161702,161704],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161699,6201],{"class":63},[57,161701,68],{"class":67},[57,161703,21463],{"class":238},[57,161705,242],{"class":67},[57,161707,161708],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,161709,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161711,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720],{"class":59,"line":1500},[57,161713,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161715,4086],{"class":285},[57,161717,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161719,161693],{"class":285},[57,161721,4520],{"class":67},[57,161723,161724,161726,161728,161730],{"class":59,"line":4542},[57,161725,6201],{"class":63},[57,161727,68],{"class":67},[57,161729,21463],{"class":238},[57,161731,242],{"class":67},[15,161733,161734],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[616,161736,161738],{"id":161737},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[15,161740,161741],{},"This is correct:",[48,161743,161745],{"className":50,"code":161744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[19,161746,161747,161771,161787,161791,161815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161748,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161750,3116],{"class":285},[57,161752,289],{"class":76},[57,161754,1729],{"class":67},[57,161756,939],{"class":938},[57,161758,11025],{"class":942},[57,161760,939],{"class":938},[57,161762,1081],{"class":67},[57,161764,1449],{"class":938},[57,161766,34101],{"class":942},[57,161768,939],{"class":938},[57,161770,1742],{"class":67},[57,161772,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161774,3185],{"class":285},[57,161776,289],{"class":76},[57,161778,1729],{"class":67},[57,161780,11648],{"class":80},[57,161782,1081],{"class":67},[57,161784,11653],{"class":80},[57,161786,1742],{"class":67},[57,161788,161789],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161790,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161792,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161794,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161796,34152],{"class":285},[57,161798,1081],{"class":67},[57,161800,3227],{"class":285},[57,161802,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161804,159748],{"class":63},[57,161806,68],{"class":67},[57,161808,3160],{"class":238},[57,161810,1081],{"class":67},[57,161812,3232],{"class":238},[57,161814,6475],{"class":67},[57,161816,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827],{"class":59,"line":332},[57,161818,6201],{"class":63},[57,161820,68],{"class":67},[57,161822,5798],{"class":238},[57,161824,1081],{"class":67},[57,161826,129036],{"class":238},[57,161828,242],{"class":67},[15,161830,161831],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[48,161833,161835],{"className":50,"code":161834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[19,161836,161837,161857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161838,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161840,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161842,4086],{"class":285},[57,161844,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161846,159748],{"class":63},[57,161848,68],{"class":67},[57,161850,3160],{"class":238},[57,161852,1081],{"class":67},[57,161854,3232],{"class":238},[57,161856,6475],{"class":67},[57,161858,161859,161861,161863,161865],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161860,6201],{"class":63},[57,161862,68],{"class":67},[57,161864,21463],{"class":238},[57,161866,242],{"class":67},[15,161868,131],{},[48,161870,161872],{"className":50,"code":161871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[19,161873,161874,161890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161875,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161877,68],{"class":67},[57,161879,1395],{"class":938},[57,161881,11025],{"class":942},[57,161883,1395],{"class":938},[57,161885,1081],{"class":67},[57,161887,18049],{"class":80},[57,161889,242],{"class":67},[57,161891,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161893,68],{"class":67},[57,161895,1395],{"class":938},[57,161897,34101],{"class":942},[57,161899,1395],{"class":938},[57,161901,1081],{"class":67},[57,161903,11653],{"class":80},[57,161905,242],{"class":67},[15,161907,161908],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[616,161910,6551,161912,161914,161915],{"id":161911},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[19,161913,62492],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[19,161916,33909],{},[15,161918,154,161919,161921],{},[19,161920,62492],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[15,161923,154,161924,161926],{},[19,161925,33909],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[48,161928,161929],{"className":50,"code":34078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[19,161930,161931,161963,161967,161987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161932,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161934,3116],{"class":285},[57,161936,289],{"class":76},[57,161938,1729],{"class":67},[57,161940,939],{"class":938},[57,161942,11025],{"class":942},[57,161944,939],{"class":938},[57,161946,1081],{"class":67},[57,161948,1449],{"class":938},[57,161950,34101],{"class":942},[57,161952,939],{"class":938},[57,161954,1081],{"class":67},[57,161956,1449],{"class":938},[57,161958,34110],{"class":942},[57,161960,939],{"class":938},[57,161962,1742],{"class":67},[57,161964,161965],{"class":59,"line":87},[57,161966,318],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":317},[57,161968,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985],{"class":59,"line":103},[57,161970,4083],{"class":1990},[57,161972,33981],{"class":285},[57,161974,1081],{"class":67},[57,161976,34129],{"class":285},[57,161978,1997],{"class":1990},[57,161980,33991],{"class":63},[57,161982,68],{"class":67},[57,161984,3160],{"class":238},[57,161986,6475],{"class":67},[57,161988,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999],{"class":59,"line":321},[57,161990,6201],{"class":63},[57,161992,68],{"class":67},[57,161994,34006],{"class":238},[57,161996,1081],{"class":67},[57,161998,34152],{"class":238},[57,162000,242],{"class":67},[15,162002,162003,162004,498],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[373,162005,1680,162006,1611],{"href":90196},[19,162007,33909],{},[43,162009,1554],{"id":1553},[616,162011,3264,162013,3267],{"id":162012},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[19,162014,62492],{},[15,162016,162017],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[616,162019,10848,162021,162023],{"id":162020},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[19,162022,62492],{}," work with different lengths?",[15,162025,162026],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[616,162028,162030,162031,572],{"id":162029},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[19,162032,62492],{},[15,162034,162035,162036,498],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[19,162037,160643],{},[616,162039,162041,162042,572],{"id":162040},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[19,162043,62492],{},[15,162045,126401,162046,162048],{},[19,162047,160796],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[616,162050,162052],{"id":162051},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[15,162054,162055],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[43,162057,1602],{"id":1601},[27,162059,162060,162065,162071,162075,162079],{},[30,162061,162062],{},[373,162063,162064],{"href":161583},"How to use zip in Python",[30,162066,162067],{},[373,162068,1680,162069,1611],{"href":90196},[19,162070,33909],{},[30,162072,162073],{},[373,162074,3339],{"href":3711},[30,162076,162077],{},[373,162078,67862],{"href":67785},[30,162080,162081],{},[373,162082,30417],{"href":29242},[1634,162084,162085],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":162087},[162088,162089,162091,162092,162093,162094,162102,162108,162117,162128],{"id":45,"depth":87,"text":46},{"id":159807,"depth":87,"text":162090},"What zip() does",{"id":220,"depth":87,"text":221},{"id":160200,"depth":87,"text":160201},{"id":160377,"depth":87,"text":160378},{"id":160629,"depth":87,"text":162095,"children":162096},"Converting zip() output",[162097,162099,162101],{"id":160640,"depth":103,"text":162098},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":160793,"depth":103,"text":162100},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":160963,"depth":103,"text":160964},{"id":39209,"depth":87,"text":39210,"children":162103},[162104,162105,162106,162107],{"id":161125,"depth":103,"text":161126},{"id":161242,"depth":103,"text":161243},{"id":161343,"depth":103,"text":161344},{"id":161454,"depth":103,"text":161455},{"id":161587,"depth":87,"text":162109,"children":162110},"Common mistakes with zip()",[162111,162113,162114,162115],{"id":161593,"depth":103,"text":162112},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":161634,"depth":103,"text":161635},{"id":161737,"depth":103,"text":161738},{"id":161911,"depth":103,"text":162116},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1553,"depth":87,"text":1554,"children":162118},[162119,162121,162123,162125,162127],{"id":162012,"depth":103,"text":162120},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":162020,"depth":103,"text":162122},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":162029,"depth":103,"text":162124},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":162040,"depth":103,"text":162126},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":162051,"depth":103,"text":162052},{"id":1601,"depth":87,"text":1602},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":159649,"description":162129},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944725621]