[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":162136},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fjson-loads-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":4},null,[5,1673,3401,5102,7247,9452,10973,13151,15358,17818,19657,22223,24322,26604,28552,30463,32460,33900,35729,38254,40416,41645,43016,44664,46985,48829,50811,52505,53758,55452,57203,59175,60925,63025,64385,66336,67899,69890,71685,73585,76027,78105,80745,82774,84737,86925,88929,91242,92924,94369,95563,96741,98581,101021,102725,104740,106264,107509,108672,110054,112125,114022,115796,117662,119781,121521,122983,124577,126500,128177,130112,131601,134385,135962,137521,139549,141501,142964,144153,146039,147450,149146,150700,152122,153525,155423,157817,159648],{"id":6,"title":7,"body":8,"description":1666,"extension":1667,"meta":1668,"navigation":318,"path":1669,"seo":1670,"stem":1671,"__hash__":1672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":1638},"minimark",[11,15,24,27,40,43,48,130,133,153,159,163,168,171,187,190,216,219,223,226,244,247,274,277,343,345,360,370,382,386,389,443,445,465,468,492,500,504,509,515,517,556,558,567,574,592,595,607,611,616,621,624,645,647,705,707,715,718,722,754,756,764,767,771,776,824,826,834,838,898,900,908,911,915,919,922,948,957,974,1026,1028,1043,1054,1058,1061,1093,1100,1104,1109,1150,1152,1163,1166,1209,1211,1219,1223,1228,1250,1252,1261,1270,1274,1279,1301,1303,1374,1376,1428,1431,1434,1437,1519,1521,1552,1556,1560,1563,1567,1570,1574,1577,1581,1593,1597,1600,1604,1634],[12,13,7],"h1",{"id":14},"python-abs-function-explained",[16,17,18,19,23],"p",{},"The ",[20,21,22],"code",{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[16,25,26],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[28,29,30,34,37],"ul",{},[31,32,33],"li",{},"a number without its negative sign",[31,35,36],{},"the distance between two numbers",[31,38,39],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[16,41,42],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[44,45,47],"h2",{"id":46},"quick-example","Quick example",[49,50,55],"pre",{"className":51,"code":52,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n","python","",[20,56,57,86,102],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59,62,66,70,73,75,79,83],"span",{"class":60,"line":61},"line",1,[58,63,65],{"class":64},"sptTA","print",[58,67,69],{"class":68},"sP7_E","(",[58,71,72],{"class":64},"abs",[58,74,69],{"class":68},[58,76,78],{"class":77},"smGrS","-",[58,80,82],{"class":81},"srdBf","7",[58,84,85],{"class":68},"))\n",[58,87,89,91,93,95,97,100],{"class":60,"line":88},2,[58,90,65],{"class":64},[58,92,69],{"class":68},[58,94,72],{"class":64},[58,96,69],{"class":68},[58,98,99],{"class":81},"3.5",[58,101,85],{"class":68},[58,103,105,107,109,111,113,115,118,121,124,128],{"class":60,"line":104},3,[58,106,65],{"class":64},[58,108,69],{"class":68},[58,110,72],{"class":64},[58,112,69],{"class":68},[58,114,78],{"class":77},[58,116,117],{"class":81},"2",[58,119,120],{"class":77},"+",[58,122,123],{"class":81},"3",[58,125,127],{"class":126},"sbsja","j",[58,129,85],{"class":68},[16,131,132],{},"Output:",[49,134,136],{"className":51,"code":135,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[20,137,138,143,148],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139,140],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141,142],{"class":81},"7\n",[58,144,145],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146,147],{"class":81},"3.5\n",[58,149,150],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151,152],{"class":81},"3.605551275463989\n",[16,154,155,156,158],{},"Use ",[20,157,22],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[44,160,162],{"id":161},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[16,164,165,167],{},[20,166,22],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[16,169,170],{},"That means:",[28,172,173,176,179],{},[31,174,175],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[31,177,178],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[31,180,181,184,185],{},[20,182,183],{},"0"," stays ",[20,186,183],{},[16,188,189],{},"Examples:",[28,191,192,201,209],{},[31,193,194,197,198],{},[20,195,196],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[20,199,200],{},"5",[31,202,203,197,206],{},[20,204,205],{},"abs(9)",[20,207,208],{},"9",[31,210,211,197,214],{},[20,212,213],{},"abs(0)",[20,215,183],{},[16,217,218],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[44,220,222],{"id":221},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[16,224,225],{},"The syntax is:",[49,227,229],{"className":51,"code":228,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"abs(x)\n",[20,230,231],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,232,233,235,237,241],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,234,72],{"class":64},[58,236,69],{"class":68},[58,238,240],{"class":239},"slqww","x",[58,242,243],{"class":68},")\n",[16,245,246],{},"Here:",[28,248,249,266,271],{},[31,250,251,253,254,257,258,261,262,265],{},[20,252,240],{}," is usually an ",[20,255,256],{},"int",", ",[20,259,260],{},"float",", or ",[20,263,264],{},"complex"," number",[31,267,268,270],{},[20,269,22],{}," returns a new value",[31,272,273],{},"it does not change the original variable",[16,275,276],{},"Example:",[49,278,280],{"className":51,"code":279,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[20,281,282,297,314,320,331],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,283,284,288,291,294],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,285,287],{"class":286},"su5hD","number ",[58,289,290],{"class":77},"=",[58,292,293],{"class":77}," -",[58,295,296],{"class":81},"12\n",[58,298,299,302,304,307,309,312],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,300,301],{"class":286},"result ",[58,303,290],{"class":77},[58,305,306],{"class":64}," abs",[58,308,69],{"class":68},[58,310,311],{"class":239},"number",[58,313,243],{"class":68},[58,315,316],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,317,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},true,"\n",[58,321,323,325,327,329],{"class":60,"line":322},4,[58,324,65],{"class":64},[58,326,69],{"class":68},[58,328,311],{"class":239},[58,330,243],{"class":68},[58,332,334,336,338,341],{"class":60,"line":333},5,[58,335,65],{"class":64},[58,337,69],{"class":68},[58,339,340],{"class":239},"result",[58,342,243],{"class":68},[16,344,132],{},[49,346,348],{"className":51,"code":347,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"-12\n12\n",[20,349,350,356],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,351,352,354],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,353,78],{"class":77},[58,355,296],{"class":81},[58,357,358],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,359,296],{"class":81},[16,361,362,363,365,366,369],{},"Notice that ",[20,364,311],{}," is still ",[20,367,368],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[16,371,372,373,381],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[374,375,377,380],"a",{"href":376},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[20,378,379],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[44,383,385],{"id":384},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[16,387,388],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[49,390,392],{"className":51,"code":391,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[20,393,394,411,426],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,395,396,398,400,402,404,406,409],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,397,65],{"class":64},[58,399,69],{"class":68},[58,401,72],{"class":64},[58,403,69],{"class":68},[58,405,78],{"class":77},[58,407,408],{"class":81},"10",[58,410,85],{"class":68},[58,412,413,415,417,419,421,424],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,414,65],{"class":64},[58,416,69],{"class":68},[58,418,72],{"class":64},[58,420,69],{"class":68},[58,422,423],{"class":81},"8",[58,425,85],{"class":68},[58,427,428,430,432,434,436,438,441],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,429,65],{"class":64},[58,431,69],{"class":68},[58,433,72],{"class":64},[58,435,69],{"class":68},[58,437,78],{"class":77},[58,439,440],{"class":81},"4.2",[58,442,85],{"class":68},[16,444,132],{},[49,446,448],{"className":51,"code":447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[20,449,450,455,460],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,451,452],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,453,454],{"class":81},"10\n",[58,456,457],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,458,459],{"class":81},"8\n",[58,461,462],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,463,464],{"class":81},"4.2\n",[16,466,467],{},"What each line does:",[28,469,470,478,485],{},[31,471,472,475,476],{},[20,473,474],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[20,477,408],{},[31,479,480,475,483],{},[20,481,482],{},"abs(8)",[20,484,423],{},[31,486,487,475,490],{},[20,488,489],{},"abs(-4.2)",[20,491,440],{},[16,493,494,495,499],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[374,496,498],{"href":497},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",".",[44,501,503],{"id":502},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[16,505,506,508],{},[20,507,22],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[16,510,511,512,514],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[20,513,183],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[16,516,276],{},[49,518,520],{"className":51,"code":519,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[20,521,522,541],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,523,524,527,529,532,535,538],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,525,526],{"class":286},"value ",[58,528,290],{"class":77},[58,530,531],{"class":81}," 3",[58,533,534],{"class":77}," +",[58,536,537],{"class":81}," 4",[58,539,540],{"class":126},"j\n",[58,542,543,545,547,549,551,554],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,544,65],{"class":64},[58,546,69],{"class":68},[58,548,72],{"class":64},[58,550,69],{"class":68},[58,552,553],{"class":239},"value",[58,555,85],{"class":68},[16,557,132],{},[49,559,561],{"className":51,"code":560,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5.0\n",[20,562,563],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,564,565],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,566,560],{"class":81},[16,568,569,570,573],{},"Why ",[20,571,572],{},"5.0","?",[28,575,576,581,587],{},[31,577,578,579],{},"the real part is ",[20,580,123],{},[31,582,583,584],{},"the imaginary part is ",[20,585,586],{},"4",[31,588,589,590],{},"the magnitude is ",[20,591,572],{},[16,593,594],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[28,596,597,604],{},[31,598,599,601,602],{},[20,600,22],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[20,603,260],{},[31,605,606],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[44,608,610],{"id":609},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[16,612,613,614,499],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[20,615,22],{},[617,618,620],"h3",{"id":619},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[16,622,623],{},"A very common pattern is:",[49,625,627],{"className":51,"code":626,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"abs(a - b)\n",[20,628,629],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,630,631,633,635,638,640,643],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,632,72],{"class":64},[58,634,69],{"class":68},[58,636,637],{"class":239},"a ",[58,639,78],{"class":77},[58,641,642],{"class":239}," b",[58,644,243],{"class":68},[16,646,276],{},[49,648,650],{"className":51,"code":649,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[20,651,652,661,671,675,694],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,653,654,656,658],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,655,637],{"class":286},[58,657,290],{"class":77},[58,659,660],{"class":81}," 3\n",[58,662,663,666,668],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,664,665],{"class":286},"b ",[58,667,290],{"class":77},[58,669,670],{"class":81}," 10\n",[58,672,673],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,674,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,676,677,680,682,684,686,688,690,692],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,678,679],{"class":286},"distance ",[58,681,290],{"class":77},[58,683,306],{"class":64},[58,685,69],{"class":68},[58,687,637],{"class":239},[58,689,78],{"class":77},[58,691,642],{"class":239},[58,693,243],{"class":68},[58,695,696,698,700,703],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,697,65],{"class":64},[58,699,69],{"class":68},[58,701,702],{"class":239},"distance",[58,704,243],{"class":68},[16,706,132],{},[49,708,709],{"className":51,"code":142,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,710,711],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,712,713],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,714,142],{"class":81},[16,716,717],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[617,719,721],{"id":720},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[49,723,725],{"className":51,"code":724,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[20,726,727,739],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,728,729,732,734,736],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,730,731],{"class":286},"temperature_change ",[58,733,290],{"class":77},[58,735,293],{"class":77},[58,737,738],{"class":81},"6\n",[58,740,741,743,745,747,749,752],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,742,65],{"class":64},[58,744,69],{"class":68},[58,746,72],{"class":64},[58,748,69],{"class":68},[58,750,751],{"class":239},"temperature_change",[58,753,85],{"class":68},[16,755,132],{},[49,757,758],{"className":51,"code":738,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,759,760],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,761,762],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,763,738],{"class":81},[16,765,766],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[617,768,770],{"id":769},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[16,772,773,774,381],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[20,775,22],{},[49,777,779],{"className":51,"code":778,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[20,780,781,793,809,813],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,782,783,786,788,790],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,784,785],{"class":286},"balance_change ",[58,787,290],{"class":77},[58,789,293],{"class":77},[58,791,792],{"class":81},"25\n",[58,794,795,798,800,802,804,807],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,796,797],{"class":286},"safe_value ",[58,799,290],{"class":77},[58,801,306],{"class":64},[58,803,69],{"class":68},[58,805,806],{"class":239},"balance_change",[58,808,243],{"class":68},[58,810,811],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,812,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,814,815,817,819,822],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,816,65],{"class":64},[58,818,69],{"class":68},[58,820,821],{"class":239},"safe_value",[58,823,243],{"class":68},[16,825,132],{},[49,827,828],{"className":51,"code":792,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,829,830],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,831,832],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,833,792],{"class":81},[617,835,837],{"id":836},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[49,839,841],{"className":51,"code":840,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[20,842,843,853,863,867,887],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,844,845,848,850],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,846,847],{"class":286},"guess ",[58,849,290],{"class":77},[58,851,852],{"class":81}," 42\n",[58,854,855,858,860],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,856,857],{"class":286},"target ",[58,859,290],{"class":77},[58,861,862],{"class":81}," 50\n",[58,864,865],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,866,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,868,869,872,874,876,878,880,882,885],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,870,871],{"class":286},"difference ",[58,873,290],{"class":77},[58,875,306],{"class":64},[58,877,69],{"class":68},[58,879,847],{"class":239},[58,881,78],{"class":77},[58,883,884],{"class":239}," target",[58,886,243],{"class":68},[58,888,889,891,893,896],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,890,65],{"class":64},[58,892,69],{"class":68},[58,894,895],{"class":239},"difference",[58,897,243],{"class":68},[16,899,132],{},[49,901,902],{"className":51,"code":459,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,903,904],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,905,906],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,907,459],{"class":81},[16,909,910],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[44,912,914],{"id":913},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[617,916,918],{"id":917},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[16,920,921],{},"This causes an error:",[49,923,925],{"className":51,"code":924,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[20,926,927],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,928,929,931,933,935,937,941,944,946],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,930,65],{"class":64},[58,932,69],{"class":68},[58,934,72],{"class":64},[58,936,69],{"class":68},[58,938,940],{"class":939},"sjJ54","\"",[58,942,200],{"class":943},"s_sjI",[58,945,940],{"class":939},[58,947,85],{"class":68},[16,949,950,953,954,956],{},[20,951,952],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[20,955,22],{}," needs a numeric value.",[16,958,959,960,966,967,973],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[374,961,963],{"href":962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[20,964,965],{},"int()"," or ",[374,968,970],{"href":969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[20,971,972],{},"float()",":",[49,975,977],{"className":51,"code":976,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[20,978,979,1003],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,980,981,983,985,987,989,992,994,996,998,1000],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,982,65],{"class":64},[58,984,69],{"class":68},[58,986,72],{"class":64},[58,988,69],{"class":68},[58,990,256],{"class":991},"sZMiF",[58,993,69],{"class":68},[58,995,940],{"class":939},[58,997,200],{"class":943},[58,999,940],{"class":939},[58,1001,1002],{"class":68},")))\n",[58,1004,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1022,1024],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1006,65],{"class":64},[58,1008,69],{"class":68},[58,1010,72],{"class":64},[58,1012,69],{"class":68},[58,1014,260],{"class":991},[58,1016,69],{"class":68},[58,1018,940],{"class":939},[58,1020,1021],{"class":943},"-3.2",[58,1023,940],{"class":939},[58,1025,1002],{"class":68},[16,1027,132],{},[49,1029,1031],{"className":51,"code":1030,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5\n3.2\n",[20,1032,1033,1038],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1034,1035],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1036,1037],{"class":81},"5\n",[58,1039,1040],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1041,1042],{"class":81},"3.2\n",[16,1044,1045,1046,1049,1050,499],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[20,1047,1048],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[374,1051,1053],{"href":1052},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[617,1055,1057],{"id":1056},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[16,1059,1060],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[49,1062,1064],{"className":51,"code":1063,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[20,1065,1066],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1067,1068,1070,1072,1074,1077,1080,1083,1086,1088,1090],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1069,65],{"class":64},[58,1071,69],{"class":68},[58,1073,72],{"class":64},[58,1075,1076],{"class":68},"([",[58,1078,1079],{"class":81},"1",[58,1081,1082],{"class":68},",",[58,1084,1085],{"class":81}," 2",[58,1087,1082],{"class":68},[58,1089,531],{"class":81},[58,1091,1092],{"class":68},"]))\n",[16,1094,1095,1096,1099],{},"This raises a ",[20,1097,1098],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[617,1101,1103],{"id":1102},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[16,1105,1106,1108],{},[20,1107,22],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[49,1110,1112],{"className":51,"code":1111,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[20,1113,1114,1126,1136,1140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1115,1116,1119,1121,1123],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1117,1118],{"class":286},"x ",[58,1120,290],{"class":77},[58,1122,293],{"class":77},[58,1124,1125],{"class":81},"9\n",[58,1127,1128,1130,1132,1134],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1129,72],{"class":64},[58,1131,69],{"class":68},[58,1133,240],{"class":239},[58,1135,243],{"class":68},[58,1137,1138],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1139,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,1141,1142,1144,1146,1148],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,1143,65],{"class":64},[58,1145,69],{"class":68},[58,1147,240],{"class":239},[58,1149,243],{"class":68},[16,1151,132],{},[49,1153,1155],{"className":51,"code":1154,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"-9\n",[20,1156,1157],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1158,1159,1161],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1160,78],{"class":77},[58,1162,1125],{"class":81},[16,1164,1165],{},"If you want to store the result:",[49,1167,1169],{"className":51,"code":1168,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[20,1170,1171,1181,1195,1199],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1172,1173,1175,1177,1179],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1174,1118],{"class":286},[58,1176,290],{"class":77},[58,1178,293],{"class":77},[58,1180,1125],{"class":81},[58,1182,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1184,1118],{"class":286},[58,1186,290],{"class":77},[58,1188,306],{"class":64},[58,1190,69],{"class":68},[58,1192,240],{"class":239},[58,1194,243],{"class":68},[58,1196,1197],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1198,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,1200,1201,1203,1205,1207],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,1202,65],{"class":64},[58,1204,69],{"class":68},[58,1206,240],{"class":239},[58,1208,243],{"class":68},[16,1210,132],{},[49,1212,1213],{"className":51,"code":1125,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,1214,1215],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1216,1217],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1218,1125],{"class":81},[617,1220,1222],{"id":1221},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[16,1224,1225,1227],{},[20,1226,22],{}," does not round numbers.",[49,1229,1231],{"className":51,"code":1230,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[20,1232,1233],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1234,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1248],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1236,65],{"class":64},[58,1238,69],{"class":68},[58,1240,72],{"class":64},[58,1242,69],{"class":68},[58,1244,78],{"class":77},[58,1246,1247],{"class":81},"4.7",[58,1249,85],{"class":68},[16,1251,132],{},[49,1253,1255],{"className":51,"code":1254,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"4.7\n",[20,1256,1257],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1258,1259],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1260,1254],{"class":81},[16,1262,1263,1264,1266,1267,1269],{},"If you expected ",[20,1265,200],{},", that is a different operation. ",[20,1268,22],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[44,1271,1273],{"id":1272},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[16,1275,1276,1278],{},[20,1277,22],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[28,1280,1281,1288,1295],{},[31,1282,1283,1285,1286],{},[20,1284,256],{}," input → returns an ",[20,1287,256],{},[31,1289,1290,1292,1293],{},[20,1291,260],{}," input → returns a ",[20,1294,260],{},[31,1296,1297,1292,1299],{},[20,1298,264],{},[20,1300,260],{},[16,1302,276],{},[49,1304,1306],{"className":51,"code":1305,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[20,1307,1308,1329,1350],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1309,1310,1312,1314,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1311,65],{"class":64},[58,1313,69],{"class":68},[58,1315,1316],{"class":991},"type",[58,1318,69],{"class":68},[58,1320,72],{"class":64},[58,1322,69],{"class":68},[58,1324,78],{"class":77},[58,1326,200],{"class":81},[58,1328,1002],{"class":68},[58,1330,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1348],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1332,65],{"class":64},[58,1334,69],{"class":68},[58,1336,1316],{"class":991},[58,1338,69],{"class":68},[58,1340,72],{"class":64},[58,1342,69],{"class":68},[58,1344,78],{"class":77},[58,1346,1347],{"class":81},"3.2",[58,1349,1002],{"class":68},[58,1351,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1353,65],{"class":64},[58,1355,69],{"class":68},[58,1357,1316],{"class":991},[58,1359,69],{"class":68},[58,1361,72],{"class":64},[58,1363,69],{"class":68},[58,1365,123],{"class":81},[58,1367,534],{"class":77},[58,1369,537],{"class":81},[58,1371,127],{"class":126},[58,1373,1002],{"class":68},[16,1375,132],{},[49,1377,1379],{"className":51,"code":1378,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[20,1380,1381,1400,1414],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1382,1383,1386,1389,1392,1394,1397],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1384,1385],{"class":77},"\u003C",[58,1387,1388],{"class":126},"class",[58,1390,1391],{"class":939}," '",[58,1393,256],{"class":943},[58,1395,1396],{"class":939},"'",[58,1398,1399],{"class":77},">\n",[58,1401,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1403,1385],{"class":77},[58,1405,1388],{"class":126},[58,1407,1391],{"class":939},[58,1409,260],{"class":943},[58,1411,1396],{"class":939},[58,1413,1399],{"class":77},[58,1415,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1417,1385],{"class":77},[58,1419,1388],{"class":126},[58,1421,1391],{"class":939},[58,1423,260],{"class":943},[58,1425,1396],{"class":939},[58,1427,1399],{"class":77},[16,1429,1430],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[16,1432,1433],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[16,1435,1436],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[49,1438,1440],{"className":51,"code":1439,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[20,1441,1442,1457,1467,1481,1485,1499],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1443,1444,1446,1448,1451,1454],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1445,526],{"class":286},[58,1447,290],{"class":77},[58,1449,1450],{"class":939}," \"",[58,1452,1453],{"class":943},"-5",[58,1455,1456],{"class":939},"\"\n",[58,1458,1459,1461,1463,1465],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1460,65],{"class":64},[58,1462,69],{"class":68},[58,1464,553],{"class":239},[58,1466,243],{"class":68},[58,1468,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1470,65],{"class":64},[58,1472,69],{"class":68},[58,1474,1316],{"class":991},[58,1476,69],{"class":68},[58,1478,553],{"class":239},[58,1480,85],{"class":68},[58,1482,1483],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,1484,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,1486,1487,1490,1492,1494,1497],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,1488,1489],{"class":286},"user_input ",[58,1491,290],{"class":77},[58,1493,1450],{"class":939},[58,1495,1496],{"class":943},"-3.7",[58,1498,1456],{"class":939},[58,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1517],{"class":60,"line":1501},6,[58,1503,65],{"class":64},[58,1505,69],{"class":68},[58,1507,72],{"class":64},[58,1509,69],{"class":68},[58,1511,260],{"class":991},[58,1513,69],{"class":68},[58,1515,1516],{"class":239},"user_input",[58,1518,1002],{"class":68},[16,1520,132],{},[49,1522,1524],{"className":51,"code":1523,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[20,1525,1526,1532,1547],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1527,1528,1530],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1529,78],{"class":77},[58,1531,1037],{"class":81},[58,1533,1534,1536,1538,1540,1543,1545],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1535,1385],{"class":77},[58,1537,1388],{"class":126},[58,1539,1391],{"class":939},[58,1541,1542],{"class":943},"str",[58,1544,1396],{"class":939},[58,1546,1399],{"class":77},[58,1548,1549],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1550,1551],{"class":81},"3.7\n",[44,1553,1555],{"id":1554},"faq","FAQ",[617,1557,1559],{"id":1558},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[16,1561,1562],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[617,1564,1566],{"id":1565},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[16,1568,1569],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[617,1571,1573],{"id":1572},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[16,1575,1576],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[617,1578,1580],{"id":1579},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[16,1582,1583,1585,1586,966,1588,1590,1591,499],{},[20,1584,1048],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[20,1587,965],{},[20,1589,972],{}," before using ",[20,1592,22],{},[617,1594,1596],{"id":1595},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[16,1598,1599],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[44,1601,1603],{"id":1602},"see-also","See also",[28,1605,1606,1613,1619,1625,1630],{},[31,1607,1608],{},[374,1609,1610,1612],{"href":962},[20,1611,965],{}," function explained",[31,1614,1615],{},[374,1616,1617,1612],{"href":969},[20,1618,972],{},[31,1620,1621],{},[374,1622,1623,1612],{"href":376},[20,1624,379],{},[31,1626,1627],{},[374,1628,1629],{"href":1052},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[31,1631,1632],{},[374,1633,498],{"href":497},[1635,1636,1637],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":1639},[1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1651,1657,1658,1665],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":161,"depth":88,"text":162},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":384,"depth":88,"text":385},{"id":502,"depth":88,"text":503},{"id":609,"depth":88,"text":610,"children":1646},[1647,1648,1649,1650],{"id":619,"depth":104,"text":620},{"id":720,"depth":104,"text":721},{"id":769,"depth":104,"text":770},{"id":836,"depth":104,"text":837},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":1652},[1653,1654,1655,1656],{"id":917,"depth":104,"text":918},{"id":1056,"depth":104,"text":1057},{"id":1102,"depth":104,"text":1103},{"id":1221,"depth":104,"text":1222},{"id":1272,"depth":88,"text":1273},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":1659},[1660,1661,1662,1663,1664],{"id":1558,"depth":104,"text":1559},{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":1572,"depth":104,"text":1573},{"id":1579,"depth":104,"text":1580},{"id":1595,"depth":104,"text":1596},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":7,"description":1666},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":1674,"title":1675,"body":1676,"description":3395,"extension":1667,"meta":3396,"navigation":318,"path":3397,"seo":3398,"stem":3399,"__hash__":3400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":1677,"toc":3359},[1678,1686,1692,1695,1712,1716,1775,1785,1792,1796,1815,1818,1835,1838,1842,1850,1868,1871,1911,1914,1921,1927,2005,2007,2039,2045,2049,2053,2092,2094,2103,2110,2114,2153,2155,2164,2174,2178,2234,2236,2244,2247,2250,2297,2299,2307,2313,2320,2325,2328,2331,2398,2400,2408,2411,2478,2480,2488,2502,2505,2517,2521,2527,2530,2532,2548,2550,2558,2561,2564,2567,2584,2587,2590,2620,2622,2635,2639,2643,2646,2661,2666,2669,2696,2703,2706,2746,2753,2759,2767,2770,2822,2829,2894,2899,2908,2911,2929,2935,2938,3080,3086,3091,3094,3105,3108,3164,3166,3174,3177,3236,3238,3246,3249,3260,3262,3269,3278,3287,3290,3297,3300,3309,3322,3324,3356],[12,1679,1681,1682,1685],{"id":1680},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[20,1683,1684],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[16,1687,1688,1689,1691],{},"Python’s ",[20,1690,1684],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[16,1693,1694],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[28,1696,1697,1700,1703],{},[31,1698,1699],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[31,1701,1702],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[31,1704,1705,475,1708,1711],{},[20,1706,1707],{},"all([])",[20,1709,1710],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[44,1713,1715],{"id":1714},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[49,1717,1719],{"className":51,"code":1718,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[20,1720,1721,1744,1760],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1722,1723,1726,1728,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1724,1725],{"class":286},"numbers ",[58,1727,290],{"class":77},[58,1729,1730],{"class":68}," [",[58,1732,1079],{"class":81},[58,1734,1082],{"class":68},[58,1736,1085],{"class":81},[58,1738,1082],{"class":68},[58,1740,531],{"class":81},[58,1742,1743],{"class":68},"]\n",[58,1745,1746,1748,1750,1753,1755,1758],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1747,301],{"class":286},[58,1749,290],{"class":77},[58,1751,1752],{"class":64}," all",[58,1754,69],{"class":68},[58,1756,1757],{"class":239},"numbers",[58,1759,243],{"class":68},[58,1761,1762,1764,1766,1768,1771],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1763,65],{"class":64},[58,1765,69],{"class":68},[58,1767,340],{"class":239},[58,1769,1770],{"class":68},")",[58,1772,1774],{"class":1773},"sutJx","  # True\n",[16,1776,1777,475,1779,1781,1782,499],{},[20,1778,1684],{},[20,1780,1710],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[20,1783,1784],{},"False",[44,1786,1788,1789,1791],{"id":1787},"what-all-does","What ",[20,1790,1684],{}," does",[16,1793,1794,973],{},[20,1795,1684],{},[28,1797,1798,1801,1807,1812],{},[31,1799,1800],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[31,1802,1803,1804,1806],{},"returns ",[20,1805,1710],{}," if all items are truthy",[31,1808,1803,1809,1811],{},[20,1810,1784],{}," if any item is falsy",[31,1813,1814],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[16,1816,1817],{},"Basic syntax:",[49,1819,1821],{"className":51,"code":1820,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"all(iterable)\n",[20,1822,1823],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1824,1825,1828,1830,1833],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1826,1827],{"class":64},"all",[58,1829,69],{"class":68},[58,1831,1832],{"class":239},"iterable",[58,1834,243],{"class":68},[16,1836,1837],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[44,1839,1841],{"id":1840},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[16,1843,1844,1845,966,1847,1849],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[20,1846,1710],{},[20,1848,1784],{}," in conditions.",[28,1851,1852,1861],{},[31,1853,1854,1858,1859],{},[1855,1856,1857],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[20,1860,1710],{},[31,1862,1863,1858,1866],{},[1855,1864,1865],{},"Falsy",[20,1867,1784],{},[16,1869,1870],{},"Common falsy values include:",[28,1872,1873,1877,1882,1887,1892,1896,1901,1906],{},[31,1874,1875],{},[20,1876,183],{},[31,1878,1879],{},[20,1880,1881],{},"0.0",[31,1883,1884],{},[20,1885,1886],{},"''",[31,1888,1889],{},[20,1890,1891],{},"None",[31,1893,1894],{},[20,1895,1784],{},[31,1897,1898],{},[20,1899,1900],{},"[]",[31,1902,1903],{},[20,1904,1905],{},"{}",[31,1907,1908],{},[20,1909,1910],{},"set()",[16,1912,1913],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[16,1915,1916,1917,499],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[374,1918,1920],{"href":1919},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[16,1922,1923,1924,973],{},"You can test this with ",[20,1925,1926],{},"bool()",[49,1928,1930],{"className":51,"code":1929,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[20,1931,1932,1970,1974],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,1933,1934,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1948,1950,1953,1955,1957,1960,1962,1964,1968],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,1935,1936],{"class":286},"values ",[58,1938,290],{"class":77},[58,1940,1730],{"class":68},[58,1942,1079],{"class":81},[58,1944,1082],{"class":68},[58,1946,1947],{"class":81}," 0",[58,1949,1082],{"class":68},[58,1951,1952],{"class":939}," ''",[58,1954,1082],{"class":68},[58,1956,1391],{"class":939},[58,1958,1959],{"class":943},"hello",[58,1961,1396],{"class":939},[58,1963,1082],{"class":68},[58,1965,1967],{"class":1966},"s39Yj"," None",[58,1969,1743],{"class":68},[58,1971,1972],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,1973,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,1975,1976,1978,1980,1983,1985,1987,1989,1993,1996,1999,2002],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,1977,65],{"class":64},[58,1979,1076],{"class":68},[58,1981,1982],{"class":991},"bool",[58,1984,69],{"class":68},[58,1986,240],{"class":239},[58,1988,1770],{"class":68},[58,1990,1992],{"class":1991},"sVHd0"," for",[58,1994,1995],{"class":239}," x ",[58,1997,1998],{"class":1991},"in",[58,2000,2001],{"class":239}," values",[58,2003,2004],{"class":68},"])\n",[16,2006,132],{},[49,2008,2010],{"className":51,"code":2009,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[20,2011,2012],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2013,2014,2017,2019,2021,2024,2026,2028,2030,2033,2035,2037],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2015,2016],{"class":68},"[",[58,2018,1710],{"class":1966},[58,2020,1082],{"class":68},[58,2022,2023],{"class":1966}," False",[58,2025,1082],{"class":68},[58,2027,2023],{"class":1966},[58,2029,1082],{"class":68},[58,2031,2032],{"class":1966}," True",[58,2034,1082],{"class":68},[58,2036,2023],{"class":1966},[58,2038,1743],{"class":68},[16,2040,2041,2042,2044],{},"This matters because ",[20,2043,1684],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[44,2046,2048],{"id":2047},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[617,2050,2052],{"id":2051},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[49,2054,2056],{"className":51,"code":2055,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[20,2057,2058,2078],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2059,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2061,1725],{"class":286},[58,2063,290],{"class":77},[58,2065,1730],{"class":68},[58,2067,1079],{"class":81},[58,2069,1082],{"class":68},[58,2071,1085],{"class":81},[58,2073,1082],{"class":68},[58,2075,531],{"class":81},[58,2077,1743],{"class":68},[58,2079,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2081,65],{"class":64},[58,2083,69],{"class":68},[58,2085,1827],{"class":64},[58,2087,69],{"class":68},[58,2089,1757],{"class":239},[58,2091,85],{"class":68},[16,2093,132],{},[49,2095,2097],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\n",[20,2098,2099],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2100,2101],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2102,2096],{"class":1966},[16,2104,2105,2106,475,2108,499],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[20,2107,1684],{},[20,2109,1710],{},[617,2111,2113],{"id":2112},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[49,2115,2117],{"className":51,"code":2116,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[20,2118,2119,2139],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2120,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133,2135,2137],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2122,1725],{"class":286},[58,2124,290],{"class":77},[58,2126,1730],{"class":68},[58,2128,1079],{"class":81},[58,2130,1082],{"class":68},[58,2132,1947],{"class":81},[58,2134,1082],{"class":68},[58,2136,531],{"class":81},[58,2138,1743],{"class":68},[58,2140,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2142,65],{"class":64},[58,2144,69],{"class":68},[58,2146,1827],{"class":64},[58,2148,69],{"class":68},[58,2150,1757],{"class":239},[58,2152,85],{"class":68},[16,2154,132],{},[49,2156,2158],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"False\n",[20,2159,2160],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2161,2162],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2163,2157],{"class":1966},[16,2165,2166,2167,2169,2170,475,2172,499],{},"The value ",[20,2168,183],{}," is falsy, so ",[20,2171,1684],{},[20,2173,1784],{},[617,2175,2177],{"id":2176},"example-strings","Example: strings",[49,2179,2181],{"className":51,"code":2180,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[20,2182,2183,2219],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2184,2185,2188,2190,2192,2194,2197,2199,2201,2203,2206,2208,2210,2212,2215,2217],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2186,2187],{"class":286},"words ",[58,2189,290],{"class":77},[58,2191,1730],{"class":68},[58,2193,1396],{"class":939},[58,2195,2196],{"class":943},"apple",[58,2198,1396],{"class":939},[58,2200,1082],{"class":68},[58,2202,1391],{"class":939},[58,2204,2205],{"class":943},"banana",[58,2207,1396],{"class":939},[58,2209,1082],{"class":68},[58,2211,1391],{"class":939},[58,2213,2214],{"class":943},"cherry",[58,2216,1396],{"class":939},[58,2218,1743],{"class":68},[58,2220,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2232],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2222,65],{"class":64},[58,2224,69],{"class":68},[58,2226,1827],{"class":64},[58,2228,69],{"class":68},[58,2230,2231],{"class":239},"words",[58,2233,85],{"class":68},[16,2235,132],{},[49,2237,2238],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,2239,2240],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2241,2242],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2243,2096],{"class":1966},[16,2245,2246],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[16,2248,2249],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[49,2251,2253],{"className":51,"code":2252,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[20,2254,2255,2283],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2256,2257,2259,2261,2263,2265,2267,2269,2271,2273,2275,2277,2279,2281],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2258,2187],{"class":286},[58,2260,290],{"class":77},[58,2262,1730],{"class":68},[58,2264,1396],{"class":939},[58,2266,2196],{"class":943},[58,2268,1396],{"class":939},[58,2270,1082],{"class":68},[58,2272,1952],{"class":939},[58,2274,1082],{"class":68},[58,2276,1391],{"class":939},[58,2278,2214],{"class":943},[58,2280,1396],{"class":939},[58,2282,1743],{"class":68},[58,2284,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2286,65],{"class":64},[58,2288,69],{"class":68},[58,2290,1827],{"class":64},[58,2292,69],{"class":68},[58,2294,2231],{"class":239},[58,2296,85],{"class":68},[16,2298,132],{},[49,2300,2301],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,2302,2303],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2304,2305],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2306,2157],{"class":1966},[16,2308,2309,2310,2312],{},"The empty string ",[20,2311,1886],{}," is falsy.",[44,2314,2316,2317,2319],{"id":2315},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[20,2318,1684],{}," works with conditions",[16,2321,2322,2324],{},[20,2323,1684],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[16,2326,2327],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[16,2329,2330],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[49,2332,2334],{"className":51,"code":2333,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,2335,2336,2356,2384,2388],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2337,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348,2350,2352,2354],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2339,1725],{"class":286},[58,2341,290],{"class":77},[58,2343,1730],{"class":68},[58,2345,1079],{"class":81},[58,2347,1082],{"class":68},[58,2349,1085],{"class":81},[58,2351,1082],{"class":68},[58,2353,531],{"class":81},[58,2355,1743],{"class":68},[58,2357,2358,2360,2362,2364,2366,2368,2371,2373,2375,2377,2379,2382],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2359,301],{"class":286},[58,2361,290],{"class":77},[58,2363,1752],{"class":64},[58,2365,69],{"class":68},[58,2367,1118],{"class":239},[58,2369,2370],{"class":77},">",[58,2372,1947],{"class":81},[58,2374,1992],{"class":1991},[58,2376,1995],{"class":239},[58,2378,1998],{"class":1991},[58,2380,2381],{"class":239}," numbers",[58,2383,243],{"class":68},[58,2385,2386],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,2387,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,2389,2390,2392,2394,2396],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,2391,65],{"class":64},[58,2393,69],{"class":68},[58,2395,340],{"class":239},[58,2397,243],{"class":68},[16,2399,132],{},[49,2401,2402],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,2403,2404],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2405,2406],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2407,2096],{"class":1966},[16,2409,2410],{},"Here is one that fails:",[49,2412,2414],{"className":51,"code":2413,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,2415,2416,2438,2464,2468],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2417,2418,2420,2422,2424,2426,2428,2430,2432,2434,2436],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2419,1725],{"class":286},[58,2421,290],{"class":77},[58,2423,1730],{"class":68},[58,2425,1079],{"class":81},[58,2427,1082],{"class":68},[58,2429,293],{"class":77},[58,2431,117],{"class":81},[58,2433,1082],{"class":68},[58,2435,531],{"class":81},[58,2437,1743],{"class":68},[58,2439,2440,2442,2444,2446,2448,2450,2452,2454,2456,2458,2460,2462],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2441,301],{"class":286},[58,2443,290],{"class":77},[58,2445,1752],{"class":64},[58,2447,69],{"class":68},[58,2449,1118],{"class":239},[58,2451,2370],{"class":77},[58,2453,1947],{"class":81},[58,2455,1992],{"class":1991},[58,2457,1995],{"class":239},[58,2459,1998],{"class":1991},[58,2461,2381],{"class":239},[58,2463,243],{"class":68},[58,2465,2466],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,2467,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,2469,2470,2472,2474,2476],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,2471,65],{"class":64},[58,2473,69],{"class":68},[58,2475,340],{"class":239},[58,2477,243],{"class":68},[16,2479,132],{},[49,2481,2482],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,2483,2484],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2485,2486],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2487,2157],{"class":1966},[16,2489,2490,2491,2494,2495,2497,2498,475,2500,499],{},"The expression ",[20,2492,2493],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[20,2496,1710],{},", then ",[20,2499,1684],{},[20,2501,1710],{},[16,2503,2504],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[16,2506,2507,2508,2512,2513,499],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[374,2509,2511],{"href":2510},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[374,2514,2516],{"href":2515},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[44,2518,2520],{"id":2519},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[16,2522,2523,475,2525,499],{},[20,2524,1707],{},[20,2526,1710],{},[16,2528,2529],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[16,2531,276],{},[49,2533,2535],{"className":51,"code":2534,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(all([]))\n",[20,2536,2537],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2538,2539,2541,2543,2545],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2540,65],{"class":64},[58,2542,69],{"class":68},[58,2544,1827],{"class":64},[58,2546,2547],{"class":68},"([]))\n",[16,2549,132],{},[49,2551,2552],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,2553,2554],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2555,2556],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2557,2096],{"class":1966},[16,2559,2560],{},"Why?",[16,2562,2563],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[16,2565,2566],{},"Think of it this way:",[28,2568,2569,2576,2579],{},[31,2570,2571,475,2573,2575],{},[20,2572,1684],{},[20,2574,1784],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[31,2577,2578],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[31,2580,2581,2582],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[20,2583,1784],{},[16,2585,2586],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[16,2588,2589],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[49,2591,2593],{"className":51,"code":2592,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[20,2594,2595,2606],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2596,2597,2599,2601,2603],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2598,65],{"class":64},[58,2600,69],{"class":68},[58,2602,1827],{"class":64},[58,2604,2605],{"class":68},"(()))\n",[58,2607,2608,2610,2612,2614,2616,2618],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2609,65],{"class":64},[58,2611,69],{"class":68},[58,2613,1827],{"class":64},[58,2615,69],{"class":68},[58,2617,1886],{"class":939},[58,2619,85],{"class":68},[16,2621,132],{},[49,2623,2625],{"className":51,"code":2624,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nTrue\n",[20,2626,2627,2631],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2628,2629],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2630,2096],{"class":1966},[58,2632,2633],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2634,2096],{"class":1966},[44,2636,2638],{"id":2637},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[617,2640,2642],{"id":2641},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[16,2644,2645],{},"This is wrong:",[49,2647,2649],{"className":51,"code":2648,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,2650,2651,2656],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2652,2653],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2654,2655],{"class":1773},"# Wrong\n",[58,2657,2658],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2659,2660],{"class":1773},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[16,2662,2663,2665],{},[20,2664,1684],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[16,2667,2668],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[49,2670,2672],{"className":51,"code":2671,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[20,2673,2674],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2675,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686,2688,2690,2692,2694],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2677,65],{"class":64},[58,2679,69],{"class":68},[58,2681,1827],{"class":64},[58,2683,1076],{"class":68},[58,2685,1079],{"class":81},[58,2687,1082],{"class":68},[58,2689,1085],{"class":81},[58,2691,1082],{"class":68},[58,2693,531],{"class":81},[58,2695,1092],{"class":68},[617,2697,2699,2700,2702],{"id":2698},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[20,2701,1684],{}," compares values automatically",[16,2704,2705],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[49,2707,2709],{"className":51,"code":2708,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[20,2710,2711,2732],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2712,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723,2726,2728,2730],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2714,1725],{"class":286},[58,2716,290],{"class":77},[58,2718,1730],{"class":68},[58,2720,200],{"class":81},[58,2722,1082],{"class":68},[58,2724,2725],{"class":81}," 5",[58,2727,1082],{"class":68},[58,2729,2725],{"class":81},[58,2731,1743],{"class":68},[58,2733,2734,2736,2738,2740,2742,2744],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2735,65],{"class":64},[58,2737,69],{"class":68},[58,2739,1827],{"class":64},[58,2741,69],{"class":68},[58,2743,1757],{"class":239},[58,2745,85],{"class":68},[16,2747,2748,2749,2752],{},"This does ",[1855,2750,2751],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[16,2754,2755,2756,2758],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[20,2757,200],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[49,2760,2761],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,2762,2763],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2764,2765],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2766,2096],{"class":1966},[16,2768,2769],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[49,2771,2773],{"className":51,"code":2772,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[20,2774,2775,2795],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2776,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791,2793],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2778,1725],{"class":286},[58,2780,290],{"class":77},[58,2782,1730],{"class":68},[58,2784,200],{"class":81},[58,2786,1082],{"class":68},[58,2788,2725],{"class":81},[58,2790,1082],{"class":68},[58,2792,2725],{"class":81},[58,2794,1743],{"class":68},[58,2796,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2810,2812,2814,2816,2818,2820],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2798,65],{"class":64},[58,2800,69],{"class":68},[58,2802,1827],{"class":64},[58,2804,69],{"class":68},[58,2806,1118],{"class":239},[58,2808,2809],{"class":77},"==",[58,2811,2725],{"class":81},[58,2813,1992],{"class":1991},[58,2815,1995],{"class":239},[58,2817,1998],{"class":1991},[58,2819,2381],{"class":239},[58,2821,85],{"class":68},[617,2823,2825,2826,2828],{"id":2824},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[20,2827,183],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[49,2830,2832],{"className":51,"code":2831,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[20,2833,2834,2860],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2835,2836,2838,2840,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850,2852,2854,2857],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2837,65],{"class":64},[58,2839,69],{"class":68},[58,2841,1827],{"class":64},[58,2843,1076],{"class":68},[58,2845,1079],{"class":81},[58,2847,1082],{"class":68},[58,2849,1085],{"class":81},[58,2851,1082],{"class":68},[58,2853,1947],{"class":81},[58,2855,2856],{"class":68},"]))",[58,2858,2859],{"class":1773},"       # False\n",[58,2861,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874,2876,2878,2880,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2863,65],{"class":64},[58,2865,69],{"class":68},[58,2867,1827],{"class":64},[58,2869,1076],{"class":68},[58,2871,1396],{"class":939},[58,2873,374],{"class":943},[58,2875,1396],{"class":939},[58,2877,1082],{"class":68},[58,2879,1391],{"class":939},[58,2881,2882],{"class":943},"b",[58,2884,1396],{"class":939},[58,2886,1082],{"class":68},[58,2888,1952],{"class":939},[58,2890,2856],{"class":68},[58,2892,2893],{"class":1773},"  # False\n",[16,2895,2896,2897,499],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[20,2898,1784],{},[617,2900,2902,2903,2905,2906],{"id":2901},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[20,2904,1707],{}," is ",[20,2907,1710],{},[16,2909,2910],{},"This is expected behavior:",[49,2912,2914],{"className":51,"code":2913,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[20,2915,2916],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2917,2918,2920,2922,2924,2927],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2919,65],{"class":64},[58,2921,69],{"class":68},[58,2923,1827],{"class":64},[58,2925,2926],{"class":68},"([]))",[58,2928,1774],{"class":1773},[16,2930,2931,2932,2934],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[20,2933,1710],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[16,2936,2937],{},"Useful quick tests:",[49,2939,2941],{"className":51,"code":2940,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[20,2942,2943,2965,2987,3034,3070],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,2944,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957,2959,2961,2963],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,2946,65],{"class":64},[58,2948,69],{"class":68},[58,2950,1827],{"class":64},[58,2952,1076],{"class":68},[58,2954,1079],{"class":81},[58,2956,1082],{"class":68},[58,2958,1085],{"class":81},[58,2960,1082],{"class":68},[58,2962,531],{"class":81},[58,2964,1092],{"class":68},[58,2966,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977,2979,2981,2983,2985],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,2968,65],{"class":64},[58,2970,69],{"class":68},[58,2972,1827],{"class":64},[58,2974,1076],{"class":68},[58,2976,1079],{"class":81},[58,2978,1082],{"class":68},[58,2980,1947],{"class":81},[58,2982,1082],{"class":68},[58,2984,531],{"class":81},[58,2986,1092],{"class":68},[58,2988,2989,2991,2993,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3005,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,2990,65],{"class":64},[58,2992,1076],{"class":68},[58,2994,1982],{"class":991},[58,2996,69],{"class":68},[58,2998,240],{"class":239},[58,3000,1770],{"class":68},[58,3002,1992],{"class":1991},[58,3004,1995],{"class":239},[58,3006,1998],{"class":1991},[58,3008,1730],{"class":68},[58,3010,1079],{"class":81},[58,3012,1082],{"class":68},[58,3014,1947],{"class":81},[58,3016,1082],{"class":68},[58,3018,1952],{"class":939},[58,3020,1082],{"class":68},[58,3022,1391],{"class":939},[58,3024,1959],{"class":943},[58,3026,1396],{"class":939},[58,3028,1082],{"class":68},[58,3030,1967],{"class":1966},[58,3032,3033],{"class":68},"]])\n",[58,3035,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058,3060,3062,3064,3066,3068],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,3037,65],{"class":64},[58,3039,69],{"class":68},[58,3041,1827],{"class":64},[58,3043,69],{"class":68},[58,3045,1118],{"class":239},[58,3047,2370],{"class":77},[58,3049,1947],{"class":81},[58,3051,1992],{"class":1991},[58,3053,1995],{"class":239},[58,3055,1998],{"class":1991},[58,3057,1730],{"class":68},[58,3059,1079],{"class":81},[58,3061,1082],{"class":68},[58,3063,1085],{"class":81},[58,3065,1082],{"class":68},[58,3067,531],{"class":81},[58,3069,1092],{"class":68},[58,3071,3072,3074,3076,3078],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,3073,65],{"class":64},[58,3075,69],{"class":68},[58,3077,1827],{"class":64},[58,3079,2547],{"class":68},[44,3081,3083,3084],{"id":3082},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[20,3085,1684],{},[16,3087,3088,3090],{},[20,3089,1684],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[16,3092,3093],{},"Common use cases:",[28,3095,3096,3099,3102],{},[31,3097,3098],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[31,3100,3101],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[31,3103,3104],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[16,3106,3107],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[49,3109,3111],{"className":51,"code":3110,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[20,3112,3113,3149],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3114,3115,3118,3120,3122,3124,3127,3129,3131,3133,3136,3138,3140,3142,3145,3147],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3116,3117],{"class":286},"names ",[58,3119,290],{"class":77},[58,3121,1730],{"class":68},[58,3123,1396],{"class":939},[58,3125,3126],{"class":943},"Alice",[58,3128,1396],{"class":939},[58,3130,1082],{"class":68},[58,3132,1391],{"class":939},[58,3134,3135],{"class":943},"Bob",[58,3137,1396],{"class":939},[58,3139,1082],{"class":68},[58,3141,1391],{"class":939},[58,3143,3144],{"class":943},"Charlie",[58,3146,1396],{"class":939},[58,3148,1743],{"class":68},[58,3150,3151,3153,3155,3157,3159,3162],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3152,65],{"class":64},[58,3154,69],{"class":68},[58,3156,1827],{"class":64},[58,3158,69],{"class":68},[58,3160,3161],{"class":239},"names",[58,3163,85],{"class":68},[16,3165,132],{},[49,3167,3168],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,3169,3170],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3171,3172],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3173,2096],{"class":1966},[16,3175,3176],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[49,3178,3180],{"className":51,"code":3179,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[20,3181,3182,3206],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3183,3184,3187,3189,3191,3194,3196,3199,3201,3204],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3185,3186],{"class":286},"scores ",[58,3188,290],{"class":77},[58,3190,1730],{"class":68},[58,3192,3193],{"class":81},"75",[58,3195,1082],{"class":68},[58,3197,3198],{"class":81}," 80",[58,3200,1082],{"class":68},[58,3202,3203],{"class":81}," 50",[58,3205,1743],{"class":68},[58,3207,3208,3210,3212,3214,3216,3219,3222,3224,3226,3229,3231,3234],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3209,65],{"class":64},[58,3211,69],{"class":68},[58,3213,1827],{"class":64},[58,3215,69],{"class":68},[58,3217,3218],{"class":239},"score ",[58,3220,3221],{"class":77},">=",[58,3223,3203],{"class":81},[58,3225,1992],{"class":1991},[58,3227,3228],{"class":239}," score ",[58,3230,1998],{"class":1991},[58,3232,3233],{"class":239}," scores",[58,3235,85],{"class":68},[16,3237,132],{},[49,3239,3240],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,3241,3242],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3243,3244],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3245,2096],{"class":1966},[16,3247,3248],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[16,3250,3251,3252,2512,3256,499],{},"For related tasks, see ",[374,3253,3255],{"href":3254},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[374,3257,3259],{"href":3258},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[44,3261,1555],{"id":1554},[617,3263,3265,3266,3268],{"id":3264},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[20,3267,1684],{}," return in Python?",[16,3270,3271,3272,3274,3275,3277],{},"It returns ",[20,3273,1710],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[20,3276,1784],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[617,3279,3281,3282,3284,3285,573],{"id":3280},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[20,3283,1707],{}," return ",[20,3286,1710],{},[16,3288,3289],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[617,3291,3293,3294,3296],{"id":3292},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[20,3295,1684],{}," take multiple values directly?",[16,3298,3299],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[617,3301,3303,3304,2512,3306,573],{"id":3302},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[20,3305,1684],{},[20,3307,3308],{},"any()",[16,3310,3311,3313,3314,3316,3317,499],{},[20,3312,1684],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[20,3315,3308],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[374,3318,1681,3320,1612],{"href":3319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[20,3321,3308],{},[44,3323,1603],{"id":1602},[28,3325,3326,3332,3336,3341,3346,3351],{},[31,3327,3328],{},[374,3329,1681,3330,1612],{"href":3319},[20,3331,3308],{},[31,3333,3334],{},[374,3335,1920],{"href":1919},[31,3337,3338],{},[374,3339,3340],{"href":3258},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[31,3342,3343],{},[374,3344,3345],{"href":3254},"How to filter a list in Python",[31,3347,3348],{},[374,3349,3350],{"href":2510},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[31,3352,3353],{},[374,3354,3355],{"href":2515},"What is an iterable in Python",[1635,3357,3358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":3360},[3361,3362,3364,3365,3370,3372,3373,3382,3384,3394],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":1787,"depth":88,"text":3363},"What all() does",{"id":1840,"depth":88,"text":1841},{"id":2047,"depth":88,"text":2048,"children":3366},[3367,3368,3369],{"id":2051,"depth":104,"text":2052},{"id":2112,"depth":104,"text":2113},{"id":2176,"depth":104,"text":2177},{"id":2315,"depth":88,"text":3371},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":2519,"depth":88,"text":2520},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":3374},[3375,3376,3378,3380],{"id":2641,"depth":104,"text":2642},{"id":2698,"depth":104,"text":3377},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":2824,"depth":104,"text":3379},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":2901,"depth":104,"text":3381},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":3082,"depth":88,"text":3383},"When to use all()",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":3385},[3386,3388,3390,3392],{"id":3264,"depth":104,"text":3387},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":3280,"depth":104,"text":3389},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":3292,"depth":104,"text":3391},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":3302,"depth":104,"text":3393},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":1675,"description":3395},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":3402,"title":3403,"body":3404,"description":5097,"extension":1667,"meta":5098,"navigation":318,"path":3319,"seo":5099,"stem":5100,"__hash__":5101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":3405,"toc":5075},[3406,3409,3417,3420,3437,3445,3489,3498,3502,3507,3510,3527,3530,3541,3553,3557,3560,3575,3580,3583,3595,3598,3683,3686,3707,3713,3715,3723,3737,3739,3773,3775,3778,3839,3841,3858,3861,3888,3890,3898,3910,3914,3917,3956,3958,3966,3968,3984,3992,3995,4038,4040,4048,4053,4057,4065,4068,4095,4098,4101,4175,4177,4185,4192,4216,4227,4230,4309,4311,4319,4326,4330,4335,4350,4352,4360,4363,4369,4372,4418,4420,4437,4441,4446,4457,4460,4575,4578,4637,4643,4645,4650,4654,4656,4675,4681,4684,4703,4707,4716,4743,4745,4753,4761,4765,4771,4794,4796,4804,4811,4815,4818,4869,4872,4923,4926,4928,4932,4939,4943,4950,4954,4962,4966,4969,4991,4993,5043,5045,5072],[12,3407,3403],{"id":3408},"python-any-function-explained",[16,3410,3411,3413,3414,499],{},[20,3412,3308],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[1855,3415,3416],{},"at least one item is truthy",[16,3418,3419],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[28,3421,3422,3425,3428,3431,3434],{},[31,3423,3424],{},"lists",[31,3426,3427],{},"tuples",[31,3429,3430],{},"sets",[31,3432,3433],{},"strings",[31,3435,3436],{},"generator expressions",[16,3438,3439,3440,966,3442,3444],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[20,3441,1710],{},[20,3443,1784],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[49,3446,3448],{"className":51,"code":3447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[20,3449,3450,3470],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3451,3452,3454,3456,3458,3460,3462,3464,3466,3468],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3453,1936],{"class":286},[58,3455,290],{"class":77},[58,3457,1730],{"class":68},[58,3459,183],{"class":81},[58,3461,1082],{"class":68},[58,3463,1952],{"class":939},[58,3465,1082],{"class":68},[58,3467,2725],{"class":81},[58,3469,1743],{"class":68},[58,3471,3472,3474,3476,3479,3481,3484,3487],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3473,65],{"class":64},[58,3475,69],{"class":68},[58,3477,3478],{"class":64},"any",[58,3480,69],{"class":68},[58,3482,3483],{"class":239},"values",[58,3485,3486],{"class":68},"))",[58,3488,1774],{"class":1773},[16,3490,155,3491,3494,3495,3497],{},[20,3492,3493],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[20,3496,1710],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[44,3499,3501],{"id":3500},"what-any-does","What any() does",[16,3503,3504,3506],{},[20,3505,3308],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[16,3508,3509],{},"It returns:",[28,3511,3512,3517,3522],{},[31,3513,3514,3516],{},[20,3515,1710],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[31,3518,3519,3521],{},[20,3520,1784],{}," if all items are falsy",[31,3523,3524,3526],{},[20,3525,1784],{}," if the iterable is empty",[16,3528,3529],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[28,3531,3532,3535,3538],{},[31,3533,3534],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[31,3536,3537],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[31,3539,3540],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[16,3542,3543,3544,3547,3548,499],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[1855,3545,3546],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[374,3549,3551],{"href":3550},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[20,3552,1684],{},[44,3554,3556],{"id":3555},"syntax","Syntax",[16,3558,3559],{},"The syntax is simple:",[49,3561,3563],{"className":51,"code":3562,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"any(iterable)\n",[20,3564,3565],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3566,3567,3569,3571,3573],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3568,3478],{"class":64},[58,3570,69],{"class":68},[58,3572,1832],{"class":239},[58,3574,243],{"class":68},[16,3576,3577,3578,499],{},"The argument must be an ",[1855,3579,1832],{},[16,3581,3582],{},"Common inputs include:",[28,3584,3585,3587,3589,3591,3593],{},[31,3586,3424],{},[31,3588,3427],{},[31,3590,3430],{},[31,3592,3433],{},[31,3594,3436],{},[16,3596,3597],{},"For example:",[49,3599,3601],{"className":51,"code":3600,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[20,3602,3603,3626,3645,3665],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3604,3605,3607,3609,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3624],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3606,65],{"class":64},[58,3608,69],{"class":68},[58,3610,3478],{"class":64},[58,3612,1076],{"class":68},[58,3614,183],{"class":81},[58,3616,1082],{"class":68},[58,3618,1947],{"class":81},[58,3620,1082],{"class":68},[58,3622,3623],{"class":81}," 1",[58,3625,1092],{"class":68},[58,3627,3628,3630,3632,3634,3637,3639,3641,3643],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3629,65],{"class":64},[58,3631,69],{"class":68},[58,3633,3478],{"class":64},[58,3635,3636],{"class":68},"((",[58,3638,1784],{"class":1966},[58,3640,1082],{"class":68},[58,3642,2023],{"class":1966},[58,3644,1002],{"class":68},[58,3646,3647,3649,3651,3653,3656,3658,3660,3662],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,3648,65],{"class":64},[58,3650,69],{"class":68},[58,3652,3478],{"class":64},[58,3654,3655],{"class":68},"({",[58,3657,183],{"class":81},[58,3659,1082],{"class":68},[58,3661,1085],{"class":81},[58,3663,3664],{"class":68},"}))\n",[58,3666,3667,3669,3671,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,3668,65],{"class":64},[58,3670,69],{"class":68},[58,3672,3478],{"class":64},[58,3674,69],{"class":68},[58,3676,940],{"class":939},[58,3678,1959],{"class":943},[58,3680,940],{"class":939},[58,3682,85],{"class":68},[16,3684,3685],{},"Expected output:",[49,3687,3689],{"className":51,"code":3688,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[20,3690,3691,3695,3699,3703],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3692,3693],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3694,2096],{"class":1966},[58,3696,3697],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3698,2157],{"class":1966},[58,3700,3701],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,3702,2096],{"class":1966},[58,3704,3705],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,3706,2096],{"class":1966},[16,3708,3709,3710,499],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[374,3711,3259],{"href":3712},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[44,3714,1841],{"id":1840},[16,3716,1844,3717,966,3720,1849],{},[1855,3718,3719],{},"truthy",[1855,3721,3722],{},"falsy",[28,3724,3725,3731],{},[31,3726,3727,1858,3729],{},[1855,3728,1857],{},[20,3730,1710],{},[31,3732,3733,1858,3735],{},[1855,3734,1865],{},[20,3736,1784],{},[16,3738,1870],{},[28,3740,3741,3745,3749,3753,3757,3761,3765,3769],{},[31,3742,3743],{},[20,3744,1784],{},[31,3746,3747],{},[20,3748,183],{},[31,3750,3751],{},[20,3752,1881],{},[31,3754,3755],{},[20,3756,1886],{},[31,3758,3759],{},[20,3760,1900],{},[31,3762,3763],{},[20,3764,1905],{},[31,3766,3767],{},[20,3768,1910],{},[31,3770,3771],{},[20,3772,1891],{},[16,3774,1913],{},[16,3776,3777],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[49,3779,3781],{"className":51,"code":3780,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[20,3782,3783,3797,3815],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3784,3785,3787,3789,3791,3793,3795],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3786,65],{"class":64},[58,3788,69],{"class":68},[58,3790,3478],{"class":64},[58,3792,1076],{"class":68},[58,3794,1079],{"class":81},[58,3796,1092],{"class":68},[58,3798,3799,3801,3803,3805,3807,3809,3811,3813],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3800,65],{"class":64},[58,3802,69],{"class":68},[58,3804,3478],{"class":64},[58,3806,1076],{"class":68},[58,3808,1396],{"class":939},[58,3810,1959],{"class":943},[58,3812,1396],{"class":939},[58,3814,1092],{"class":68},[58,3816,3817,3819,3821,3823,3826,3828,3830,3832,3834,3836],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,3818,65],{"class":64},[58,3820,69],{"class":68},[58,3822,3478],{"class":64},[58,3824,3825],{"class":68},"([[",[58,3827,1079],{"class":81},[58,3829,1082],{"class":68},[58,3831,1085],{"class":81},[58,3833,1082],{"class":68},[58,3835,531],{"class":81},[58,3837,3838],{"class":68},"]]))\n",[16,3840,3685],{},[49,3842,3844],{"className":51,"code":3843,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[20,3845,3846,3850,3854],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3847,3848],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3849,2096],{"class":1966},[58,3851,3852],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3853,2096],{"class":1966},[58,3855,3856],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,3857,2096],{"class":1966},[16,3859,3860],{},"And these are all falsy:",[49,3862,3864],{"className":51,"code":3863,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[20,3865,3866],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3867,3868,3870,3872,3874,3876,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3869,65],{"class":64},[58,3871,69],{"class":68},[58,3873,3478],{"class":64},[58,3875,1076],{"class":68},[58,3877,183],{"class":81},[58,3879,1082],{"class":68},[58,3881,1952],{"class":939},[58,3883,1082],{"class":68},[58,3885,1967],{"class":1966},[58,3887,1092],{"class":68},[16,3889,3685],{},[49,3891,3892],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,3893,3894],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3895,3896],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3897,2157],{"class":1966},[16,3899,3900,3901,2512,3904,499],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[374,3902,1920],{"href":3903},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[374,3905,3907,3909],{"href":3906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[20,3908,1926],{}," explained",[44,3911,3913],{"id":3912},"basic-example","Basic example",[16,3915,3916],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[49,3918,3920],{"className":51,"code":3919,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[20,3921,3922,3942],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3923,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3925,1936],{"class":286},[58,3927,290],{"class":77},[58,3929,1730],{"class":68},[58,3931,183],{"class":81},[58,3933,1082],{"class":68},[58,3935,1952],{"class":939},[58,3937,1082],{"class":68},[58,3939,2725],{"class":81},[58,3941,1743],{"class":68},[58,3943,3944,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,3945,65],{"class":64},[58,3947,69],{"class":68},[58,3949,3478],{"class":64},[58,3951,69],{"class":68},[58,3953,3483],{"class":239},[58,3955,85],{"class":68},[16,3957,132],{},[49,3959,3960],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,3961,3962],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,3963,3964],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,3965,2096],{"class":1966},[16,3967,2560],{},[28,3969,3970,3975,3979],{},[31,3971,3972,3974],{},[20,3973,183],{}," is falsy",[31,3976,3977,3974],{},[20,3978,1886],{},[31,3980,3981,3983],{},[20,3982,200],{}," is truthy",[16,3985,3986,3987,475,3990,499],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[20,3988,3989],{},"any(values)",[20,3991,1710],{},[16,3993,3994],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[49,3996,3998],{"className":51,"code":3997,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[20,3999,4000,4024],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4001,4002,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4003,1936],{"class":286},[58,4005,290],{"class":77},[58,4007,1730],{"class":68},[58,4009,183],{"class":81},[58,4011,1082],{"class":68},[58,4013,1952],{"class":939},[58,4015,1082],{"class":68},[58,4017,1967],{"class":1966},[58,4019,1082],{"class":68},[58,4021,2023],{"class":1966},[58,4023,1743],{"class":68},[58,4025,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4027,65],{"class":64},[58,4029,69],{"class":68},[58,4031,3478],{"class":64},[58,4033,69],{"class":68},[58,4035,3483],{"class":239},[58,4037,85],{"class":68},[16,4039,132],{},[49,4041,4042],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4043,4044],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4045,4046],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4047,2157],{"class":1966},[16,4049,4050,4051,499],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[20,4052,1784],{},[44,4054,4056],{"id":4055},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[16,4058,4059,4061,4062,499],{},[20,4060,3308],{}," is often used with a ",[1855,4063,4064],{},"generator expression",[16,4066,4067],{},"This is a common pattern:",[49,4069,4071],{"className":51,"code":4070,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[20,4072,4073],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4074,4075,4077,4079,4082,4085,4088,4090,4093],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4076,3478],{"class":64},[58,4078,69],{"class":68},[58,4080,4081],{"class":239},"condition ",[58,4083,4084],{"class":1991},"for",[58,4086,4087],{"class":239}," item ",[58,4089,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4091,4092],{"class":239}," items",[58,4094,243],{"class":68},[16,4096,4097],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[16,4099,4100],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[49,4102,4104],{"className":51,"code":4103,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[20,4105,4106,4134,4138,4165],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4107,4108,4110,4112,4114,4116,4118,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4132],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4109,1725],{"class":286},[58,4111,290],{"class":77},[58,4113,1730],{"class":68},[58,4115,586],{"class":81},[58,4117,1082],{"class":68},[58,4119,4120],{"class":81}," 7",[58,4122,1082],{"class":68},[58,4124,293],{"class":77},[58,4126,117],{"class":81},[58,4128,1082],{"class":68},[58,4130,4131],{"class":81}," 10",[58,4133,1743],{"class":68},[58,4135,4136],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4137,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,4139,4140,4142,4144,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,4141,301],{"class":286},[58,4143,290],{"class":77},[58,4145,4146],{"class":64}," any",[58,4148,69],{"class":68},[58,4150,1118],{"class":239},[58,4152,1385],{"class":77},[58,4154,1947],{"class":81},[58,4156,1992],{"class":1991},[58,4158,1995],{"class":239},[58,4160,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4162,2381],{"class":239},[58,4164,243],{"class":68},[58,4166,4167,4169,4171,4173],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,4168,65],{"class":64},[58,4170,69],{"class":68},[58,4172,340],{"class":239},[58,4174,243],{"class":68},[16,4176,132],{},[49,4178,4179],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4180,4181],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4182,4183],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4184,2096],{"class":1966},[16,4186,4187,4188,4191],{},"This works because ",[20,4189,4190],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[28,4193,4194,4202,4209],{},[31,4195,4196,4199,4200],{},[20,4197,4198],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[20,4201,1784],{},[31,4203,4204,4199,4207],{},[20,4205,4206],{},"7 \u003C 0",[20,4208,1784],{},[31,4210,4211,4199,4214],{},[20,4212,4213],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[20,4215,1710],{},[16,4217,4218,4219,4221,4222,4224,4225,499],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[20,4220,1710],{}," result, ",[20,4223,3308],{}," can return ",[20,4226,1710],{},[16,4228,4229],{},"Here is another example:",[49,4231,4233],{"className":51,"code":4232,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[20,4234,4235,4264,4268,4298],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4236,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4238,2187],{"class":286},[58,4240,290],{"class":77},[58,4242,1730],{"class":68},[58,4244,940],{"class":939},[58,4246,2196],{"class":943},[58,4248,940],{"class":939},[58,4250,1082],{"class":68},[58,4252,4253],{"class":939}," \"\"",[58,4255,1082],{"class":68},[58,4257,1450],{"class":939},[58,4259,2205],{"class":943},[58,4261,940],{"class":939},[58,4263,1743],{"class":68},[58,4265,4266],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4267,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,4269,4270,4273,4275,4277,4279,4282,4284,4286,4288,4291,4293,4296],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,4271,4272],{"class":286},"has_empty_string ",[58,4274,290],{"class":77},[58,4276,4146],{"class":64},[58,4278,69],{"class":68},[58,4280,4281],{"class":239},"word ",[58,4283,2809],{"class":77},[58,4285,4253],{"class":939},[58,4287,1992],{"class":1991},[58,4289,4290],{"class":239}," word ",[58,4292,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4294,4295],{"class":239}," words",[58,4297,243],{"class":68},[58,4299,4300,4302,4304,4307],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,4301,65],{"class":64},[58,4303,69],{"class":68},[58,4305,4306],{"class":239},"has_empty_string",[58,4308,243],{"class":68},[16,4310,132],{},[49,4312,4313],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4314,4315],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4316,4317],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4318,2096],{"class":1966},[16,4320,4321,4322,499],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[374,4323,4325],{"href":4324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[44,4327,4329],{"id":4328},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[16,4331,4332,4333,973],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[20,4334,1784],{},[49,4336,4338],{"className":51,"code":4337,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any([]))\n",[20,4339,4340],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4341,4342,4344,4346,4348],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4343,65],{"class":64},[58,4345,69],{"class":68},[58,4347,3478],{"class":64},[58,4349,2547],{"class":68},[16,4351,132],{},[49,4353,4354],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4355,4356],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4357,4358],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4359,2157],{"class":1966},[16,4361,4362],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[16,4364,4365,4366,4368],{},"The reason is simple: ",[20,4367,3308],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[16,4370,4371],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[49,4373,4375],{"className":51,"code":4374,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[20,4376,4377,4387,4402],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4378,4379,4381,4383,4385],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4380,65],{"class":64},[58,4382,69],{"class":68},[58,4384,3478],{"class":64},[58,4386,2605],{"class":68},[58,4388,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4400],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4390,65],{"class":64},[58,4392,69],{"class":68},[58,4394,3478],{"class":64},[58,4396,69],{"class":68},[58,4398,4399],{"class":939},"\"\"",[58,4401,85],{"class":68},[58,4403,4404,4406,4408,4410,4412,4415],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,4405,65],{"class":64},[58,4407,69],{"class":68},[58,4409,3478],{"class":64},[58,4411,69],{"class":68},[58,4413,4414],{"class":991},"set",[58,4416,4417],{"class":68},"()))\n",[16,4419,132],{},[49,4421,4423],{"className":51,"code":4422,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[20,4424,4425,4429,4433],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4426,4427],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4428,2157],{"class":1966},[58,4430,4431],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4432,2157],{"class":1966},[58,4434,4435],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,4436,2157],{"class":1966},[44,4438,4440],{"id":4439},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[16,4442,155,4443,4445],{},[20,4444,3308],{}," when you want to:",[28,4447,4448,4451,4454],{},[31,4449,4450],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[31,4452,4453],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[31,4455,4456],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[16,4458,4459],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[49,4461,4463],{"className":51,"code":4462,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[20,4464,4465,4490,4494,4504,4508,4522,4541,4552,4558,4563],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4466,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4488],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4468,1725],{"class":286},[58,4470,290],{"class":77},[58,4472,1730],{"class":68},[58,4474,1079],{"class":81},[58,4476,1082],{"class":68},[58,4478,531],{"class":81},[58,4480,1082],{"class":68},[58,4482,2725],{"class":81},[58,4484,1082],{"class":68},[58,4486,4487],{"class":81}," 8",[58,4489,1743],{"class":68},[58,4491,4492],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4493,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,4495,4496,4499,4501],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,4497,4498],{"class":286},"found_even ",[58,4500,290],{"class":77},[58,4502,4503],{"class":1966}," False\n",[58,4505,4506],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,4507,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,4509,4510,4512,4515,4517,4519],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,4511,4084],{"class":1991},[58,4513,4514],{"class":286}," number ",[58,4516,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4518,2381],{"class":286},[58,4520,4521],{"class":68},":\n",[58,4523,4524,4527,4529,4532,4534,4537,4539],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,4525,4526],{"class":1991},"    if",[58,4528,4514],{"class":286},[58,4530,4531],{"class":77},"%",[58,4533,1085],{"class":81},[58,4535,4536],{"class":77}," ==",[58,4538,1947],{"class":81},[58,4540,4521],{"class":68},[58,4542,4544,4547,4549],{"class":60,"line":4543},7,[58,4545,4546],{"class":286},"        found_even ",[58,4548,290],{"class":77},[58,4550,4551],{"class":1966}," True\n",[58,4553,4555],{"class":60,"line":4554},8,[58,4556,4557],{"class":1991},"        break\n",[58,4559,4561],{"class":60,"line":4560},9,[58,4562,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,4564,4566,4568,4570,4573],{"class":60,"line":4565},10,[58,4567,65],{"class":64},[58,4569,69],{"class":68},[58,4571,4572],{"class":239},"found_even",[58,4574,243],{"class":68},[16,4576,4577],{},"You can write:",[49,4579,4581],{"className":51,"code":4580,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[20,4582,4583,4607],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4584,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4586,1725],{"class":286},[58,4588,290],{"class":77},[58,4590,1730],{"class":68},[58,4592,1079],{"class":81},[58,4594,1082],{"class":68},[58,4596,531],{"class":81},[58,4598,1082],{"class":68},[58,4600,2725],{"class":81},[58,4602,1082],{"class":68},[58,4604,4487],{"class":81},[58,4606,1743],{"class":68},[58,4608,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4610,65],{"class":64},[58,4612,69],{"class":68},[58,4614,3478],{"class":64},[58,4616,69],{"class":68},[58,4618,287],{"class":239},[58,4620,4531],{"class":77},[58,4622,1085],{"class":81},[58,4624,4536],{"class":77},[58,4626,1947],{"class":81},[58,4628,1992],{"class":1991},[58,4630,4514],{"class":239},[58,4632,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4634,2381],{"class":239},[58,4636,85],{"class":68},[16,4638,4639,4640,4642],{},"Both work, but ",[20,4641,3308],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[44,4644,2638],{"id":2637},[16,4646,4647,4648,499],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[20,4649,3308],{},[617,4651,4653],{"id":4652},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[16,4655,2645],{},[49,4657,4659],{"className":51,"code":4658,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any(5))\n",[20,4660,4661],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4662,4663,4665,4667,4669,4671,4673],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4664,65],{"class":64},[58,4666,69],{"class":68},[58,4668,3478],{"class":64},[58,4670,69],{"class":68},[58,4672,200],{"class":81},[58,4674,85],{"class":68},[16,4676,4677,4678,4680],{},"It causes an error because ",[20,4679,200],{}," is not iterable.",[16,4682,4683],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[49,4685,4687],{"className":51,"code":4686,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any([5]))\n",[20,4688,4689],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4690,4691,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4692,65],{"class":64},[58,4694,69],{"class":68},[58,4696,3478],{"class":64},[58,4698,1076],{"class":68},[58,4700,200],{"class":81},[58,4702,1092],{"class":68},[617,4704,4706],{"id":4705},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[16,4708,4709,4711,4712,4715],{},[20,4710,3308],{}," needs only ",[1855,4713,4714],{},"one"," truthy item.",[49,4717,4719],{"className":51,"code":4718,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[20,4720,4721],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4722,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4724,65],{"class":64},[58,4726,69],{"class":68},[58,4728,3478],{"class":64},[58,4730,1076],{"class":68},[58,4732,1784],{"class":1966},[58,4734,1082],{"class":68},[58,4736,2023],{"class":1966},[58,4738,1082],{"class":68},[58,4740,2032],{"class":1966},[58,4742,1092],{"class":68},[16,4744,132],{},[49,4746,4747],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4748,4749],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4750,4751],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4752,2096],{"class":1966},[16,4754,4755,4756,4760],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[374,4757,4758],{"href":3550},[20,4759,1684],{}," instead.",[617,4762,4764],{"id":4763},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[16,4766,4767,4768,499],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[20,4769,4770],{},"\"True\"",[49,4772,4774],{"className":51,"code":4773,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[20,4775,4776],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4777,4778,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4779,65],{"class":64},[58,4781,69],{"class":68},[58,4783,3478],{"class":64},[58,4785,1076],{"class":68},[58,4787,940],{"class":939},[58,4789,1784],{"class":943},[58,4791,940],{"class":939},[58,4793,1092],{"class":68},[16,4795,132],{},[49,4797,4798],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4799,4800],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4801,4802],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4803,2096],{"class":1966},[16,4805,4806,4807,4810],{},"That is because ",[20,4808,4809],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[617,4812,4814],{"id":4813},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[16,4816,4817],{},"This works:",[49,4819,4821],{"className":51,"code":4820,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[20,4822,4823,4843],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4824,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4826,1725],{"class":286},[58,4828,290],{"class":77},[58,4830,1730],{"class":68},[58,4832,1079],{"class":81},[58,4834,1082],{"class":68},[58,4836,1085],{"class":81},[58,4838,1082],{"class":68},[58,4840,531],{"class":81},[58,4842,1743],{"class":68},[58,4844,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4846,65],{"class":64},[58,4848,69],{"class":68},[58,4850,3478],{"class":64},[58,4852,1076],{"class":68},[58,4854,1118],{"class":239},[58,4856,2370],{"class":77},[58,4858,1085],{"class":81},[58,4860,1992],{"class":1991},[58,4862,1995],{"class":239},[58,4864,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4866,2381],{"class":239},[58,4868,1092],{"class":68},[16,4870,4871],{},"But this is usually better:",[49,4873,4875],{"className":51,"code":4874,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[20,4876,4877,4897],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4878,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4880,1725],{"class":286},[58,4882,290],{"class":77},[58,4884,1730],{"class":68},[58,4886,1079],{"class":81},[58,4888,1082],{"class":68},[58,4890,1085],{"class":81},[58,4892,1082],{"class":68},[58,4894,531],{"class":81},[58,4896,1743],{"class":68},[58,4898,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,4900,65],{"class":64},[58,4902,69],{"class":68},[58,4904,3478],{"class":64},[58,4906,69],{"class":68},[58,4908,1118],{"class":239},[58,4910,2370],{"class":77},[58,4912,1085],{"class":81},[58,4914,1992],{"class":1991},[58,4916,1995],{"class":239},[58,4918,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4920,2381],{"class":239},[58,4922,85],{"class":68},[16,4924,4925],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[44,4927,1555],{"id":1554},[617,4929,4931],{"id":4930},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[16,4933,3271,4934,4936,4937,499],{},[20,4935,1710],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[20,4938,1784],{},[617,4940,4942],{"id":4941},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[16,4944,4945,475,4947,4949],{},[20,4946,3308],{},[20,4948,1784],{}," for an empty iterable.",[617,4951,4953],{"id":4952},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[16,4955,4956,4958,4959,4961],{},[20,4957,3308],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[20,4960,1684],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[617,4963,4965],{"id":4964},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[16,4967,4968],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[49,4970,4971],{"className":51,"code":4070,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4972,4973],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4974,4975,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,4976,3478],{"class":64},[58,4978,69],{"class":68},[58,4980,4081],{"class":239},[58,4982,4084],{"class":1991},[58,4984,4087],{"class":239},[58,4986,1998],{"class":1991},[58,4988,4092],{"class":239},[58,4990,243],{"class":68},[16,4992,3597],{},[49,4994,4995],{"className":51,"code":4874,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,4996,4997,5017],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,4998,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5000,1725],{"class":286},[58,5002,290],{"class":77},[58,5004,1730],{"class":68},[58,5006,1079],{"class":81},[58,5008,1082],{"class":68},[58,5010,1085],{"class":81},[58,5012,1082],{"class":68},[58,5014,531],{"class":81},[58,5016,1743],{"class":68},[58,5018,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5020,65],{"class":64},[58,5022,69],{"class":68},[58,5024,3478],{"class":64},[58,5026,69],{"class":68},[58,5028,1118],{"class":239},[58,5030,2370],{"class":77},[58,5032,1085],{"class":81},[58,5034,1992],{"class":1991},[58,5036,1995],{"class":239},[58,5038,1998],{"class":1991},[58,5040,2381],{"class":239},[58,5042,85],{"class":68},[44,5044,1603],{"id":1602},[28,5046,5047,5053,5057,5061,5066],{},[31,5048,5049],{},[374,5050,5051,1612],{"href":3550},[20,5052,1684],{},[31,5054,5055],{},[374,5056,1920],{"href":3903},[31,5058,5059],{},[374,5060,3340],{"href":3712},[31,5062,5063],{},[374,5064,5065],{"href":4324},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[31,5067,5068],{},[374,5069,5070,1612],{"href":3906},[20,5071,1926],{},[1635,5073,5074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":5076},[5077,5078,5079,5080,5081,5082,5083,5084,5090,5096],{"id":3500,"depth":88,"text":3501},{"id":3555,"depth":88,"text":3556},{"id":1840,"depth":88,"text":1841},{"id":3912,"depth":88,"text":3913},{"id":4055,"depth":88,"text":4056},{"id":4328,"depth":88,"text":4329},{"id":4439,"depth":88,"text":4440},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":5085},[5086,5087,5088,5089],{"id":4652,"depth":104,"text":4653},{"id":4705,"depth":104,"text":4706},{"id":4763,"depth":104,"text":4764},{"id":4813,"depth":104,"text":4814},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":5091},[5092,5093,5094,5095],{"id":4930,"depth":104,"text":4931},{"id":4941,"depth":104,"text":4942},{"id":4952,"depth":104,"text":4953},{"id":4964,"depth":104,"text":4965},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":3403,"description":5097},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":5103,"title":5104,"body":5105,"description":7241,"extension":1667,"meta":7242,"navigation":318,"path":7243,"seo":7244,"stem":7245,"__hash__":7246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":5106,"toc":7204},[5107,5110,5119,5129,5131,5228,5230,5259,5275,5279,5284,5287,5297,5303,5309,5325,5327,5335,5342,5346,5349,5364,5369,5387,5392,5394,5442,5444,5461,5465,5471,5474,5509,5511,5617,5619,5656,5660,5668,5670,5690,5692,5813,5815,5844,5847,5870,5872,5880,5888,5892,5898,5902,5945,5947,5955,5958,5986,5988,5996,6000,6029,6031,6039,6071,6073,6081,6085,6136,6138,6146,6154,6158,6161,6214,6216,6237,6244,6248,6254,6257,6265,6287,6289,6297,6305,6328,6330,6338,6343,6348,6360,6362,6403,6414,6418,6427,6430,6433,6492,6495,6547,6550,6556,6572,6578,6580,6585,6594,6597,6619,6621,6629,6634,6637,6672,6674,6682,6686,6691,6729,6741,6744,6799,6807,6811,6814,6836,6845,6848,6889,6891,6914,6920,6926,6941,6943,6963,6966,6985,6987,7006,7010,7016,7095,7098,7112,7119,7121,7125,7132,7136,7140,7144,7149,7153,7158,7162,7169,7171,7201],[12,5108,5104],{"id":5109},"python-bool-function-explained",[16,5111,18,5112,5114,5115,966,5117,499],{},[20,5113,1926],{}," function converts a value to either ",[20,5116,1710],{},[20,5118,1784],{},[16,5120,5121,5122,5124,5125,5128],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[20,5123,1926],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[20,5126,5127],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[44,5130,1715],{"id":1714},[49,5132,5134],{"className":51,"code":5133,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[20,5135,5136,5150,5164,5178,5196,5206],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5137,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146,5148],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5139,65],{"class":64},[58,5141,69],{"class":68},[58,5143,1982],{"class":991},[58,5145,69],{"class":68},[58,5147,183],{"class":81},[58,5149,85],{"class":68},[58,5151,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5153,65],{"class":64},[58,5155,69],{"class":68},[58,5157,1982],{"class":991},[58,5159,69],{"class":68},[58,5161,1079],{"class":81},[58,5163,85],{"class":68},[58,5165,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5167,65],{"class":64},[58,5169,69],{"class":68},[58,5171,1982],{"class":991},[58,5173,69],{"class":68},[58,5175,4399],{"class":939},[58,5177,85],{"class":68},[58,5179,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190,5192,5194],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,5181,65],{"class":64},[58,5183,69],{"class":68},[58,5185,1982],{"class":991},[58,5187,69],{"class":68},[58,5189,940],{"class":939},[58,5191,1959],{"class":943},[58,5193,940],{"class":939},[58,5195,85],{"class":68},[58,5197,5198,5200,5202,5204],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,5199,65],{"class":64},[58,5201,69],{"class":68},[58,5203,1982],{"class":991},[58,5205,2547],{"class":68},[58,5207,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,5209,65],{"class":64},[58,5211,69],{"class":68},[58,5213,1982],{"class":991},[58,5215,1076],{"class":68},[58,5217,1079],{"class":81},[58,5219,1082],{"class":68},[58,5221,1085],{"class":81},[58,5223,1082],{"class":68},[58,5225,531],{"class":81},[58,5227,1092],{"class":68},[16,5229,3685],{},[49,5231,5233],{"className":51,"code":5232,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[20,5234,5235,5239,5243,5247,5251,5255],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5236,5237],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5238,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5240,5241],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5242,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5244,5245],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5246,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5248,5249],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,5250,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5252,5253],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,5254,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5256,5257],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,5258,2096],{"class":1966},[16,5260,155,5261,5264,5265,966,5267,5269,5270,5272,5273,499],{},[20,5262,5263],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[20,5266,1710],{},[20,5268,1784],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[20,5271,1784],{},". Most other values become ",[20,5274,1710],{},[44,5276,5278],{"id":5277},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[16,5280,5281,5283],{},[20,5282,1926],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[16,5285,5286],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[28,5288,5289,5293],{},[31,5290,5291],{},[20,5292,1710],{},[31,5294,5295],{},[20,5296,1784],{},[16,5298,5299,5300,5302],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[20,5301,5127],{}," statements.",[16,5304,5305,5306,5308],{},"You can also call ",[20,5307,1926],{}," with no argument:",[49,5310,5312],{"className":51,"code":5311,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool())\n",[20,5313,5314],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5315,5316,5318,5320,5322],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5317,65],{"class":64},[58,5319,69],{"class":68},[58,5321,1982],{"class":991},[58,5323,5324],{"class":68},"())\n",[16,5326,132],{},[49,5328,5329],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,5330,5331],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5332,5333],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5334,2157],{"class":1966},[16,5336,5337,5338,499],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[374,5339,5341],{"href":5340},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[44,5343,5345],{"id":5344},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[16,5347,5348],{},"The basic syntax is:",[49,5350,5352],{"className":51,"code":5351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"bool(value)\n",[20,5353,5354],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5355,5356,5358,5360,5362],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5357,1982],{"class":991},[58,5359,69],{"class":68},[58,5361,553],{"class":239},[58,5363,243],{"class":68},[16,5365,18,5366,5368],{},[20,5367,553],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[28,5370,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5382,5384],{},[31,5372,1757],{},[31,5374,3433],{},[31,5376,3424],{},[31,5378,3427],{},[31,5380,5381],{},"dictionaries",[31,5383,3430],{},[31,5385,5386],{},"other objects",[16,5388,5389,5390,499],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[20,5391,1784],{},[16,5393,276],{},[49,5395,5397],{"className":51,"code":5396,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[20,5398,5399,5413,5432],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5400,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5402,65],{"class":64},[58,5404,69],{"class":68},[58,5406,1982],{"class":991},[58,5408,69],{"class":68},[58,5410,408],{"class":81},[58,5412,85],{"class":68},[58,5414,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5428,5430],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5416,65],{"class":64},[58,5418,69],{"class":68},[58,5420,1982],{"class":991},[58,5422,69],{"class":68},[58,5424,940],{"class":939},[58,5426,5427],{"class":943},"Python",[58,5429,940],{"class":939},[58,5431,85],{"class":68},[58,5433,5434,5436,5438,5440],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5435,65],{"class":64},[58,5437,69],{"class":68},[58,5439,1982],{"class":991},[58,5441,5324],{"class":68},[16,5443,132],{},[49,5445,5447],{"className":51,"code":5446,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[20,5448,5449,5453,5457],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5450,5451],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5452,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5454,5455],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5456,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5458,5459],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5460,2157],{"class":1966},[44,5462,5464],{"id":5463},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[16,5466,5467,5468,5470],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[1855,5469,3722],{}," values.",[16,5472,5473],{},"Common examples:",[28,5475,5476,5480,5484,5488,5492,5497,5501,5505],{},[31,5477,5478],{},[20,5479,183],{},[31,5481,5482],{},[20,5483,1881],{},[31,5485,5486],{},[20,5487,4399],{},[31,5489,5490],{},[20,5491,1900],{},[31,5493,5494],{},[20,5495,5496],{},"()",[31,5498,5499],{},[20,5500,1905],{},[31,5502,5503],{},[20,5504,1910],{},[31,5506,5507],{},[20,5508,1891],{},[16,5510,276],{},[49,5512,5514],{"className":51,"code":5513,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[20,5515,5516,5530,5544,5558,5568,5578,5589,5603],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5517,5518,5520,5522,5524,5526,5528],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5519,65],{"class":64},[58,5521,69],{"class":68},[58,5523,1982],{"class":991},[58,5525,69],{"class":68},[58,5527,183],{"class":81},[58,5529,85],{"class":68},[58,5531,5532,5534,5536,5538,5540,5542],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5533,65],{"class":64},[58,5535,69],{"class":68},[58,5537,1982],{"class":991},[58,5539,69],{"class":68},[58,5541,1881],{"class":81},[58,5543,85],{"class":68},[58,5545,5546,5548,5550,5552,5554,5556],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5547,65],{"class":64},[58,5549,69],{"class":68},[58,5551,1982],{"class":991},[58,5553,69],{"class":68},[58,5555,4399],{"class":939},[58,5557,85],{"class":68},[58,5559,5560,5562,5564,5566],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,5561,65],{"class":64},[58,5563,69],{"class":68},[58,5565,1982],{"class":991},[58,5567,2547],{"class":68},[58,5569,5570,5572,5574,5576],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,5571,65],{"class":64},[58,5573,69],{"class":68},[58,5575,1982],{"class":991},[58,5577,2605],{"class":68},[58,5579,5580,5582,5584,5586],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,5581,65],{"class":64},[58,5583,69],{"class":68},[58,5585,1982],{"class":991},[58,5587,5588],{"class":68},"({}))\n",[58,5590,5591,5593,5595,5597,5599,5601],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,5592,65],{"class":64},[58,5594,69],{"class":68},[58,5596,1982],{"class":991},[58,5598,69],{"class":68},[58,5600,4414],{"class":991},[58,5602,4417],{"class":68},[58,5604,5605,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,5606,65],{"class":64},[58,5608,69],{"class":68},[58,5610,1982],{"class":991},[58,5612,69],{"class":68},[58,5614,1891],{"class":1966},[58,5616,85],{"class":68},[16,5618,132],{},[49,5620,5622],{"className":51,"code":5621,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[20,5623,5624,5628,5632,5636,5640,5644,5648,5652],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5625,5626],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5627,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5629,5630],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5631,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5633,5634],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5635,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5637,5638],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,5639,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5641,5642],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,5643,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5645,5646],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,5647,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5649,5650],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,5651,2157],{"class":1966},[58,5653,5654],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,5655,2157],{"class":1966},[44,5657,5659],{"id":5658},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[16,5661,5662,5663,5665,5666,5470],{},"Many values become ",[20,5664,1710],{},". These are often called ",[1855,5667,3719],{},[16,5669,5473],{},[28,5671,5672,5675,5678,5681,5684,5687],{},[31,5673,5674],{},"non-zero numbers",[31,5676,5677],{},"non-empty strings",[31,5679,5680],{},"non-empty lists",[31,5682,5683],{},"non-empty tuples",[31,5685,5686],{},"non-empty sets",[31,5688,5689],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[16,5691,276],{},[49,5693,5695],{"className":51,"code":5694,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[20,5696,5697,5711,5727,5745,5767,5785],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5698,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707,5709],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5700,65],{"class":64},[58,5702,69],{"class":68},[58,5704,1982],{"class":991},[58,5706,69],{"class":68},[58,5708,200],{"class":81},[58,5710,85],{"class":68},[58,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5714,65],{"class":64},[58,5716,69],{"class":68},[58,5718,1982],{"class":991},[58,5720,69],{"class":68},[58,5722,78],{"class":77},[58,5724,117],{"class":81},[58,5726,85],{"class":68},[58,5728,5729,5731,5733,5735,5737,5739,5741,5743],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5730,65],{"class":64},[58,5732,69],{"class":68},[58,5734,1982],{"class":991},[58,5736,69],{"class":68},[58,5738,940],{"class":939},[58,5740,1959],{"class":943},[58,5742,940],{"class":939},[58,5744,85],{"class":68},[58,5746,5747,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759,5761,5763,5765],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,5748,65],{"class":64},[58,5750,69],{"class":68},[58,5752,1982],{"class":991},[58,5754,1076],{"class":68},[58,5756,1079],{"class":81},[58,5758,1082],{"class":68},[58,5760,1085],{"class":81},[58,5762,1082],{"class":68},[58,5764,531],{"class":81},[58,5766,1092],{"class":68},[58,5768,5769,5771,5773,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,5770,65],{"class":64},[58,5772,69],{"class":68},[58,5774,1982],{"class":991},[58,5776,3636],{"class":68},[58,5778,1079],{"class":81},[58,5780,1082],{"class":68},[58,5782,1085],{"class":81},[58,5784,1002],{"class":68},[58,5786,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5800,5802,5804,5806,5809,5811],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,5788,65],{"class":64},[58,5790,69],{"class":68},[58,5792,1982],{"class":991},[58,5794,3655],{"class":68},[58,5796,940],{"class":939},[58,5798,5799],{"class":943},"name",[58,5801,940],{"class":939},[58,5803,973],{"class":68},[58,5805,1450],{"class":939},[58,5807,5808],{"class":943},"Sam",[58,5810,940],{"class":939},[58,5812,3664],{"class":68},[16,5814,132],{},[49,5816,5818],{"className":51,"code":5817,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[20,5819,5820,5824,5828,5832,5836,5840],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5821,5822],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5823,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5825,5826],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5827,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5829,5830],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,5831,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5833,5834],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,5835,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5837,5838],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,5839,2096],{"class":1966},[58,5841,5842],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,5843,2096],{"class":1966},[16,5845,5846],{},"One important example is this:",[49,5848,5850],{"className":51,"code":5849,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[20,5851,5852],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5853,5854,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866,5868],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5855,65],{"class":64},[58,5857,69],{"class":68},[58,5859,1982],{"class":991},[58,5861,69],{"class":68},[58,5863,940],{"class":939},[58,5865,1784],{"class":943},[58,5867,940],{"class":939},[58,5869,85],{"class":68},[16,5871,132],{},[49,5873,5874],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,5875,5876],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5877,5878],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5879,2096],{"class":1966},[16,5881,5882,5883,5885,5886,499],{},"Even though the text says ",[20,5884,4809],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[20,5887,1710],{},[44,5889,5891],{"id":5890},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[16,5893,5894,5895,5897],{},"You can use ",[20,5896,1926],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[617,5899,5901],{"id":5900},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[49,5903,5905],{"className":51,"code":5904,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[20,5906,5907,5930],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5908,5909,5912,5914,5916,5918,5920,5923,5925,5928],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5910,5911],{"class":286},"items ",[58,5913,290],{"class":77},[58,5915,1730],{"class":68},[58,5917,408],{"class":81},[58,5919,1082],{"class":68},[58,5921,5922],{"class":81}," 20",[58,5924,1082],{"class":68},[58,5926,5927],{"class":81}," 30",[58,5929,1743],{"class":68},[58,5931,5932,5934,5936,5938,5940,5943],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5933,65],{"class":64},[58,5935,69],{"class":68},[58,5937,1982],{"class":991},[58,5939,69],{"class":68},[58,5941,5942],{"class":239},"items",[58,5944,85],{"class":68},[16,5946,132],{},[49,5948,5949],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,5950,5951],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5952,5953],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5954,2096],{"class":1966},[16,5956,5957],{},"With an empty list:",[49,5959,5961],{"className":51,"code":5960,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[20,5962,5963,5972],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5964,5965,5967,5969],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5966,5911],{"class":286},[58,5968,290],{"class":77},[58,5970,5971],{"class":68}," []\n",[58,5973,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,5975,65],{"class":64},[58,5977,69],{"class":68},[58,5979,1982],{"class":991},[58,5981,69],{"class":68},[58,5983,5942],{"class":239},[58,5985,85],{"class":68},[16,5987,132],{},[49,5989,5990],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,5991,5992],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,5993,5994],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,5995,2157],{"class":1966},[617,5997,5999],{"id":5998},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[49,6001,6003],{"className":51,"code":6002,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[20,6004,6005,6015],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6006,6007,6010,6012],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6008,6009],{"class":286},"name ",[58,6011,290],{"class":77},[58,6013,6014],{"class":939}," \"\"\n",[58,6016,6017,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6018,65],{"class":64},[58,6020,69],{"class":68},[58,6022,1982],{"class":991},[58,6024,69],{"class":68},[58,6026,5799],{"class":239},[58,6028,85],{"class":68},[16,6030,132],{},[49,6032,6033],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6034,6035],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6036,6037],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6038,2157],{"class":1966},[49,6040,6042],{"className":51,"code":6041,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[20,6043,6044,6057],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6045,6046,6048,6050,6052,6055],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6047,6009],{"class":286},[58,6049,290],{"class":77},[58,6051,1450],{"class":939},[58,6053,6054],{"class":943},"Mia",[58,6056,1456],{"class":939},[58,6058,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6060,65],{"class":64},[58,6062,69],{"class":68},[58,6064,1982],{"class":991},[58,6066,69],{"class":68},[58,6068,5799],{"class":239},[58,6070,85],{"class":68},[16,6072,132],{},[49,6074,6075],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6076,6077],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6078,6079],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6080,2096],{"class":1966},[617,6082,6084],{"id":6083},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[49,6086,6088],{"className":51,"code":6087,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[20,6089,6090,6104,6121,6125],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6091,6092,6095,6097,6099,6102],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6093,6094],{"class":286},"username ",[58,6096,290],{"class":77},[58,6098,1450],{"class":939},[58,6100,6101],{"class":943},"alex",[58,6103,1456],{"class":939},[58,6105,6106,6109,6111,6114,6116,6119],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6107,6108],{"class":286},"has_name ",[58,6110,290],{"class":77},[58,6112,6113],{"class":991}," bool",[58,6115,69],{"class":68},[58,6117,6118],{"class":239},"username",[58,6120,243],{"class":68},[58,6122,6123],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,6124,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,6126,6127,6129,6131,6134],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,6128,65],{"class":64},[58,6130,69],{"class":68},[58,6132,6133],{"class":239},"has_name",[58,6135,243],{"class":68},[16,6137,132],{},[49,6139,6140],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6141,6142],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6143,6144],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6145,2096],{"class":1966},[16,6147,6148,6149,966,6151,6153],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[20,6150,1710],{},[20,6152,1784],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[617,6155,6157],{"id":6156},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[16,6159,6160],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[49,6162,6164],{"className":51,"code":6163,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[20,6165,6166,6186,6190,6198],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6167,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6169,1725],{"class":286},[58,6171,290],{"class":77},[58,6173,1730],{"class":68},[58,6175,1079],{"class":81},[58,6177,1082],{"class":68},[58,6179,1085],{"class":81},[58,6181,1082],{"class":68},[58,6183,531],{"class":81},[58,6185,1743],{"class":68},[58,6187,6188],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6189,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,6191,6192,6194,6196],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,6193,5127],{"class":1991},[58,6195,2381],{"class":286},[58,6197,4521],{"class":68},[58,6199,6200,6203,6205,6207,6210,6212],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,6201,6202],{"class":64},"    print",[58,6204,69],{"class":68},[58,6206,940],{"class":939},[58,6208,6209],{"class":943},"The list is not empty",[58,6211,940],{"class":939},[58,6213,243],{"class":68},[16,6215,132],{},[49,6217,6219],{"className":51,"code":6218,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"The list is not empty\n",[20,6220,6221],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6222,6223,6225,6228,6231,6234],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6224,18],{"class":286},[58,6226,6227],{"class":991},"list",[58,6229,6230],{"class":77}," is",[58,6232,6233],{"class":77}," not",[58,6235,6236],{"class":286}," empty\n",[16,6238,6239,6240,499],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[374,6241,6243],{"href":6242},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[44,6245,6247],{"id":6246},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[16,6249,6250,6251,6253],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[20,6252,1926],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[16,6255,6256],{},"It does not do that.",[617,6258,6260,475,6263],{"id":6259},"boolfalse-returns-true",[20,6261,6262],{},"bool(\"False\")",[20,6264,1710],{},[49,6266,6267],{"className":51,"code":5849,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6268,6269],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6270,6271,6273,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283,6285],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6272,65],{"class":64},[58,6274,69],{"class":68},[58,6276,1982],{"class":991},[58,6278,69],{"class":68},[58,6280,940],{"class":939},[58,6282,1784],{"class":943},[58,6284,940],{"class":939},[58,6286,85],{"class":68},[16,6288,132],{},[49,6290,6291],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6292,6293],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6294,6295],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6296,2096],{"class":1966},[617,6298,6300,475,6303],{"id":6299},"bool0-returns-true",[20,6301,6302],{},"bool(\"0\")",[20,6304,1710],{},[49,6306,6308],{"className":51,"code":6307,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[20,6309,6310],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6311,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6313,65],{"class":64},[58,6315,69],{"class":68},[58,6317,1982],{"class":991},[58,6319,69],{"class":68},[58,6321,940],{"class":939},[58,6323,183],{"class":943},[58,6325,940],{"class":939},[58,6327,85],{"class":68},[16,6329,132],{},[49,6331,6332],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6333,6334],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6335,6336],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6337,2096],{"class":1966},[16,6339,6340,6341,499],{},"This happens because both values are ",[1855,6342,5677],{},[16,6344,6345,6347],{},[20,6346,1926],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[16,6349,6350,6351,6356,6357,6359],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[374,6352,6354],{"href":6353},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[20,6355,1048],{},", because ",[20,6358,1048],{}," always returns a string.",[16,6361,276],{},[49,6363,6365],{"className":51,"code":6364,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[20,6366,6367,6388],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6368,6369,6372,6374,6377,6379,6381,6384,6386],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6370,6371],{"class":286},"user_value ",[58,6373,290],{"class":77},[58,6375,6376],{"class":64}," input",[58,6378,69],{"class":68},[58,6380,940],{"class":939},[58,6382,6383],{"class":943},"Enter True or False: ",[58,6385,940],{"class":939},[58,6387,243],{"class":68},[58,6389,6390,6392,6394,6396,6398,6401],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6391,65],{"class":64},[58,6393,69],{"class":68},[58,6395,1982],{"class":991},[58,6397,69],{"class":68},[58,6399,6400],{"class":239},"user_value",[58,6402,85],{"class":68},[16,6404,6405,6406,6408,6409,6356,6411,6413],{},"If the user types ",[20,6407,1784],{},", the result will still be ",[20,6410,1710],{},[20,6412,4809],{}," is not empty.",[44,6415,6417],{"id":6416},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[16,6419,6420,6421,6423,6424,6426],{},"In many ",[20,6422,5127],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[20,6425,1926],{}," yourself.",[16,6428,6429],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[16,6431,6432],{},"Instead of this:",[49,6434,6436],{"className":51,"code":6435,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[20,6437,6438,6459,6463,6477],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6439,6440,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6441,6442],{"class":286},"my_list ",[58,6444,290],{"class":77},[58,6446,1730],{"class":68},[58,6448,1079],{"class":81},[58,6450,1082],{"class":68},[58,6452,1085],{"class":81},[58,6454,1082],{"class":68},[58,6456,531],{"class":81},[58,6458,1743],{"class":68},[58,6460,6461],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6462,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,6464,6465,6467,6469,6471,6474],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,6466,5127],{"class":1991},[58,6468,6113],{"class":991},[58,6470,69],{"class":68},[58,6472,6473],{"class":239},"my_list",[58,6475,6476],{"class":68},"):\n",[58,6478,6479,6481,6483,6485,6488,6490],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,6480,6202],{"class":64},[58,6482,69],{"class":68},[58,6484,940],{"class":939},[58,6486,6487],{"class":943},"List has items",[58,6489,940],{"class":939},[58,6491,243],{"class":68},[16,6493,6494],{},"You can simply write:",[49,6496,6498],{"className":51,"code":6497,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[20,6499,6500,6520,6524,6533],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6501,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516,6518],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6503,6442],{"class":286},[58,6505,290],{"class":77},[58,6507,1730],{"class":68},[58,6509,1079],{"class":81},[58,6511,1082],{"class":68},[58,6513,1085],{"class":81},[58,6515,1082],{"class":68},[58,6517,531],{"class":81},[58,6519,1743],{"class":68},[58,6521,6522],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6523,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,6525,6526,6528,6531],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,6527,5127],{"class":1991},[58,6529,6530],{"class":286}," my_list",[58,6532,4521],{"class":68},[58,6534,6535,6537,6539,6541,6543,6545],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,6536,6202],{"class":64},[58,6538,69],{"class":68},[58,6540,940],{"class":939},[58,6542,6487],{"class":943},[58,6544,940],{"class":939},[58,6546,243],{"class":68},[16,6548,6549],{},"Both examples work.",[16,6551,6552,6553,6555],{},"Using ",[20,6554,1926],{}," is still helpful when:",[28,6557,6558,6561,6569],{},[31,6559,6560],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[31,6562,6563,6564,966,6566,6568],{},"you want to store a real ",[20,6565,1710],{},[20,6567,1784],{}," value",[31,6570,6571],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[16,6573,6574,6575,499],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[374,6576,6577],{"href":376},"Python type() function explained",[44,6579,914],{"id":913},[16,6581,6582,6583,499],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[20,6584,1926],{},[617,6586,6588,6589,6591,6592],{"id":6587},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[20,6590,6262],{}," to return ",[20,6593,1784],{},[16,6595,6596],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[49,6598,6599],{"className":51,"code":5849,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6600,6601],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6602,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6604,65],{"class":64},[58,6606,69],{"class":68},[58,6608,1982],{"class":991},[58,6610,69],{"class":68},[58,6612,940],{"class":939},[58,6614,1784],{"class":943},[58,6616,940],{"class":939},[58,6618,85],{"class":68},[16,6620,132],{},[49,6622,6623],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6624,6625],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6626,6627],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6628,2096],{"class":1966},[16,6630,6631,6632,4810],{},"Why? Because ",[20,6633,4809],{},[16,6635,6636],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[49,6638,6640],{"className":51,"code":6639,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[20,6641,6642,6654],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6643,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6645,526],{"class":286},[58,6647,290],{"class":77},[58,6649,1450],{"class":939},[58,6651,1784],{"class":943},[58,6653,1456],{"class":939},[58,6655,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6657,65],{"class":64},[58,6659,69],{"class":68},[58,6661,526],{"class":239},[58,6663,2809],{"class":77},[58,6665,1450],{"class":939},[58,6667,1710],{"class":943},[58,6669,940],{"class":939},[58,6671,243],{"class":68},[16,6673,132],{},[49,6675,6676],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,6677,6678],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6679,6680],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6681,2157],{"class":1966},[617,6683,6685],{"id":6684},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[16,6687,6688,6690],{},[20,6689,1048],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[49,6692,6694],{"className":51,"code":6693,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[20,6695,6696,6715],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6697,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6711,6713],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6699,526],{"class":286},[58,6701,290],{"class":77},[58,6703,6376],{"class":64},[58,6705,69],{"class":68},[58,6707,940],{"class":939},[58,6709,6710],{"class":943},"Enter yes or no: ",[58,6712,940],{"class":939},[58,6714,243],{"class":68},[58,6716,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6718,65],{"class":64},[58,6720,69],{"class":68},[58,6722,1982],{"class":991},[58,6724,69],{"class":68},[58,6726,553],{"class":239},[58,6728,85],{"class":68},[16,6730,6405,6731,6734,6735,6737,6738,6413],{},[20,6732,6733],{},"no",", the result is still ",[20,6736,1710],{}," because ",[20,6739,6740],{},"\"no\"",[16,6742,6743],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[49,6745,6747],{"className":51,"code":6746,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[20,6748,6749,6780],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6750,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6768,6771,6774,6777],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6752,526],{"class":286},[58,6754,290],{"class":77},[58,6756,6376],{"class":64},[58,6758,69],{"class":68},[58,6760,940],{"class":939},[58,6762,6710],{"class":943},[58,6764,940],{"class":939},[58,6766,6767],{"class":68},").",[58,6769,6770],{"class":239},"strip",[58,6772,6773],{"class":68},"().",[58,6775,6776],{"class":239},"lower",[58,6778,6779],{"class":68},"()\n",[58,6781,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792,6795,6797],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6783,65],{"class":64},[58,6785,69],{"class":68},[58,6787,526],{"class":239},[58,6789,2809],{"class":77},[58,6791,1450],{"class":939},[58,6793,6794],{"class":943},"yes",[58,6796,940],{"class":939},[58,6798,243],{"class":68},[16,6800,6801,6802,6804,6805,499],{},"This gives ",[20,6803,1710],{}," only when the user enters ",[20,6806,6794],{},[617,6808,6810],{"id":6809},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[16,6812,6813],{},"These are different:",[28,6815,6816,6820,6824,6828,6832],{},[31,6817,6818],{},[20,6819,1784],{},[31,6821,6822],{},[20,6823,183],{},[31,6825,6826],{},[20,6827,4399],{},[31,6829,6830],{},[20,6831,1900],{},[31,6833,6834],{},[20,6835,1891],{},[16,6837,6838,6839,6841,6842,6844],{},"They all become ",[20,6840,1784],{}," with ",[20,6843,1926],{},", but they are not the same value.",[16,6846,6847],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[49,6849,6851],{"className":51,"code":6850,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[20,6852,6853,6861,6875],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6854,6855,6857,6859],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6856,526],{"class":286},[58,6858,290],{"class":77},[58,6860,5971],{"class":68},[58,6862,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6864,65],{"class":64},[58,6866,69],{"class":68},[58,6868,1316],{"class":991},[58,6870,69],{"class":68},[58,6872,553],{"class":239},[58,6874,85],{"class":68},[58,6876,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,6878,65],{"class":64},[58,6880,69],{"class":68},[58,6882,1982],{"class":991},[58,6884,69],{"class":68},[58,6886,553],{"class":239},[58,6888,85],{"class":68},[16,6890,132],{},[49,6892,6894],{"className":51,"code":6893,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[20,6895,6896,6910],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6897,6898,6900,6902,6904,6906,6908],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6899,1385],{"class":77},[58,6901,1388],{"class":126},[58,6903,1391],{"class":939},[58,6905,6227],{"class":943},[58,6907,1396],{"class":939},[58,6909,1399],{"class":77},[58,6911,6912],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,6913,2157],{"class":1966},[617,6915,6552,6917,6919],{"id":6916},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[20,6918,1905],{}," expecting an empty set",[16,6921,6922,6923,6925],{},"In Python, ",[20,6924,1905],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[49,6927,6929],{"className":51,"code":6928,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type({}))\n",[20,6930,6931],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6932,6933,6935,6937,6939],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6934,65],{"class":64},[58,6936,69],{"class":68},[58,6938,1316],{"class":991},[58,6940,5588],{"class":68},[16,6942,132],{},[49,6944,6946],{"className":51,"code":6945,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[20,6947,6948],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6949,6950,6952,6954,6956,6959,6961],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6951,1385],{"class":77},[58,6953,1388],{"class":126},[58,6955,1391],{"class":939},[58,6957,6958],{"class":943},"dict",[58,6960,1396],{"class":939},[58,6962,1399],{"class":77},[16,6964,6965],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[49,6967,6969],{"className":51,"code":6968,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(set()))\n",[20,6970,6971],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6972,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6974,65],{"class":64},[58,6976,69],{"class":68},[58,6978,1316],{"class":991},[58,6980,69],{"class":68},[58,6982,4414],{"class":991},[58,6984,4417],{"class":68},[16,6986,132],{},[49,6988,6990],{"className":51,"code":6989,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[20,6991,6992],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,6993,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,6995,1385],{"class":77},[58,6997,1388],{"class":126},[58,6999,1391],{"class":939},[58,7001,4414],{"class":943},[58,7003,1396],{"class":939},[58,7005,1399],{"class":77},[44,7007,7009],{"id":7008},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[16,7011,7012,7013,7015],{},"If ",[20,7014,1926],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[49,7017,7019],{"className":51,"code":7018,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[20,7020,7021,7035,7049,7059,7077],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7022,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7024,65],{"class":64},[58,7026,69],{"class":68},[58,7028,1982],{"class":991},[58,7030,69],{"class":68},[58,7032,553],{"class":239},[58,7034,85],{"class":68},[58,7036,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7038,65],{"class":64},[58,7040,69],{"class":68},[58,7042,1316],{"class":991},[58,7044,69],{"class":68},[58,7046,553],{"class":239},[58,7048,85],{"class":68},[58,7050,7051,7053,7055,7057],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,7052,65],{"class":64},[58,7054,69],{"class":68},[58,7056,553],{"class":239},[58,7058,243],{"class":68},[58,7060,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,7062,65],{"class":64},[58,7064,69],{"class":68},[58,7066,526],{"class":239},[58,7068,2809],{"class":77},[58,7070,1450],{"class":939},[58,7072,1710],{"class":943},[58,7074,940],{"class":939},[58,7076,243],{"class":68},[58,7078,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,7080,65],{"class":64},[58,7082,69],{"class":68},[58,7084,553],{"class":239},[58,7086,499],{"class":68},[58,7088,6770],{"class":239},[58,7090,6773],{"class":68},[58,7092,6776],{"class":239},[58,7094,5324],{"class":68},[16,7096,7097],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[28,7099,7100,7103,7106,7109],{},[31,7101,7102],{},"what the value really is",[31,7104,7105],{},"whether it is a string",[31,7107,7108],{},"whether it contains spaces",[31,7110,7111],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[16,7113,7114,7115,499],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[374,7116,7118],{"href":7117},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[44,7120,1555],{"id":1554},[617,7122,7124],{"id":7123},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[16,7126,7127,7128,966,7130,499],{},"It returns either ",[20,7129,1710],{},[20,7131,1784],{},[617,7133,7135],{"id":7134},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[16,7137,3271,7138,499],{},[20,7139,1784],{},[617,7141,7143],{"id":7142},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[16,7145,7146,7147,499],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[20,7148,1710],{},[617,7150,7152],{"id":7151},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[16,7154,7155,7156,499],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[20,7157,1784],{},[617,7159,7161],{"id":7160},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[16,7163,7164,7165,966,7167,1849],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[20,7166,1710],{},[20,7168,1784],{},[44,7170,1603],{"id":1602},[28,7172,7173,7178,7182,7187,7191,7196],{},[31,7174,7175],{},[374,7176,7177],{"href":3903},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[31,7179,7180],{},[374,7181,6243],{"href":6242},[31,7183,7184],{},[374,7185,7186],{"href":6353},"Python input() function explained",[31,7188,7189],{},[374,7190,6577],{"href":376},[31,7192,7193],{},[374,7194,7195],{"href":7117},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[31,7197,7198],{},[374,7199,7200],{"href":5340},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1635,7202,7203],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":7205},[7206,7207,7208,7209,7210,7211,7217,7223,7224,7232,7233,7240],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":5277,"depth":88,"text":5278},{"id":5344,"depth":88,"text":5345},{"id":5463,"depth":88,"text":5464},{"id":5658,"depth":88,"text":5659},{"id":5890,"depth":88,"text":5891,"children":7212},[7213,7214,7215,7216],{"id":5900,"depth":104,"text":5901},{"id":5998,"depth":104,"text":5999},{"id":6083,"depth":104,"text":6084},{"id":6156,"depth":104,"text":6157},{"id":6246,"depth":88,"text":6247,"children":7218},[7219,7221],{"id":6259,"depth":104,"text":7220},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":6299,"depth":104,"text":7222},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":6416,"depth":88,"text":6417},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":7225},[7226,7228,7229,7230],{"id":6587,"depth":104,"text":7227},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":6684,"depth":104,"text":6685},{"id":6809,"depth":104,"text":6810},{"id":6916,"depth":104,"text":7231},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":7008,"depth":88,"text":7009},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":7234},[7235,7236,7237,7238,7239],{"id":7123,"depth":104,"text":7124},{"id":7134,"depth":104,"text":7135},{"id":7142,"depth":104,"text":7143},{"id":7151,"depth":104,"text":7152},{"id":7160,"depth":104,"text":7161},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":5104,"description":7241},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":7248,"title":7249,"body":7250,"description":9446,"extension":1667,"meta":9447,"navigation":318,"path":9448,"seo":9449,"stem":9450,"__hash__":9451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":7251,"toc":9408},[7252,7258,7264,7271,7276,7287,7294,7403,7407,7476,7481,7486,7491,7494,7505,7510,7513,7524,7531,7533,7538,7542,7567,7571,7580,7584,7647,7651,7684,7688,7733,7737,7774,7778,7781,7837,7841,7887,7890,7895,7934,7938,7961,7964,7978,7991,7995,8000,8067,8071,8107,8110,8118,8121,8185,8189,8221,8227,8229,8289,8296,8299,8377,8381,8414,8418,8421,8465,8469,8505,8508,8525,8528,8531,8584,8587,8598,8605,8614,8617,8675,8679,8720,8728,8736,8742,8750,8762,8767,8778,8851,8854,8866,8882,8886,8891,8895,8897,8940,8946,8949,9012,9016,9019,9028,9033,9070,9074,9077,9085,9088,9127,9131,9134,9185,9189,9210,9217,9219,9225,9252,9255,9310,9313,9324,9326,9333,9341,9347,9352,9359,9362,9369,9376,9378,9405],[12,7253,1681,7255,1685],{"id":7254},"python-dict-function-explained",[20,7256,7257],{},"dict()",[16,7259,7260,7261,7263],{},"The built-in ",[20,7262,7257],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[16,7265,7266,7267,7270],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[1855,7268,7269],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[16,7272,7273,7275],{},[20,7274,7257],{}," is commonly used to:",[28,7277,7278,7281,7284],{},[31,7279,7280],{},"create an empty dictionary",[31,7282,7283],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[31,7285,7286],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[16,7288,7289,7290,499],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[374,7291,7293],{"href":7292},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[49,7295,7297],{"className":51,"code":7296,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[20,7298,7299,7334,7345,7349,7388],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7300,7301,7304,7306,7309,7311,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7327,7329,7332],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7302,7303],{"class":286},"data ",[58,7305,290],{"class":77},[58,7307,7308],{"class":991}," dict",[58,7310,69],{"class":68},[58,7312,5799],{"class":7313},"s99_P",[58,7315,290],{"class":77},[58,7317,1396],{"class":939},[58,7319,3126],{"class":943},[58,7321,1396],{"class":939},[58,7323,1082],{"class":68},[58,7325,7326],{"class":7313}," age",[58,7328,290],{"class":77},[58,7330,7331],{"class":81},"25",[58,7333,243],{"class":68},[58,7335,7336,7338,7340,7343],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7337,65],{"class":64},[58,7339,69],{"class":68},[58,7341,7342],{"class":239},"data",[58,7344,243],{"class":68},[58,7346,7347],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,7348,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,7350,7351,7354,7356,7359,7361,7363,7365,7367,7369,7372,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,7352,7353],{"class":286},"pairs ",[58,7355,290],{"class":77},[58,7357,7358],{"class":68}," [(",[58,7360,1396],{"class":939},[58,7362,374],{"class":943},[58,7364,1396],{"class":939},[58,7366,1082],{"class":68},[58,7368,3623],{"class":81},[58,7370,7371],{"class":68},"),",[58,7373,7374],{"class":68}," (",[58,7376,1396],{"class":939},[58,7378,2882],{"class":943},[58,7380,1396],{"class":939},[58,7382,1082],{"class":68},[58,7384,1085],{"class":81},[58,7386,7387],{"class":68},")]\n",[58,7389,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398,7401],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,7391,65],{"class":64},[58,7393,69],{"class":68},[58,7395,6958],{"class":991},[58,7397,69],{"class":68},[58,7399,7400],{"class":239},"pairs",[58,7402,85],{"class":68},[16,7404,7405],{},[1855,7406,132],{},[49,7408,7410],{"className":51,"code":7409,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[20,7411,7412,7448],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7413,7414,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425,7427,7429,7431,7433,7435,7438,7440,7442,7445],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7415,7416],{"class":68},"{",[58,7418,1396],{"class":939},[58,7420,5799],{"class":943},[58,7422,1396],{"class":939},[58,7424,973],{"class":68},[58,7426,1391],{"class":939},[58,7428,3126],{"class":943},[58,7430,1396],{"class":939},[58,7432,1082],{"class":68},[58,7434,1391],{"class":939},[58,7436,7437],{"class":943},"age",[58,7439,1396],{"class":939},[58,7441,973],{"class":68},[58,7443,7444],{"class":81}," 25",[58,7446,7447],{"class":68},"}\n",[58,7449,7450,7452,7454,7456,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472,7474],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7451,7416],{"class":68},[58,7453,1396],{"class":939},[58,7455,374],{"class":943},[58,7457,1396],{"class":939},[58,7459,973],{"class":68},[58,7461,3623],{"class":81},[58,7463,1082],{"class":68},[58,7465,1391],{"class":939},[58,7467,2882],{"class":943},[58,7469,1396],{"class":939},[58,7471,973],{"class":68},[58,7473,1085],{"class":81},[58,7475,7447],{"class":68},[16,7477,155,7478,7480],{},[20,7479,7257],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[44,7482,1788,7484,1791],{"id":7483},"what-dict-does",[20,7485,7257],{},[16,7487,7488,7490],{},[20,7489,7257],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[16,7492,7493],{},"A dictionary:",[28,7495,7496,7499,7502],{},[31,7497,7498],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[31,7500,7501],{},"lets you look up values by key",[31,7503,7504],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[16,7506,7507,7509],{},[20,7508,7257],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[16,7511,7512],{},"Common uses include:",[28,7514,7515,7518,7521],{},[31,7516,7517],{},"making an empty dictionary",[31,7519,7520],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[31,7522,7523],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[16,7525,7526,7527,499],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[374,7528,7530],{"href":7529},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[44,7532,222],{"id":221},[16,7534,7535,7537],{},[20,7536,7257],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[617,7539,7541],{"id":7540},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[49,7543,7545],{"className":51,"code":7544,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[20,7546,7547,7557],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7548,7549,7551,7553,7555],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7550,7303],{"class":286},[58,7552,290],{"class":77},[58,7554,7308],{"class":991},[58,7556,6779],{"class":68},[58,7558,7559,7561,7563,7565],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7560,65],{"class":64},[58,7562,69],{"class":68},[58,7564,7342],{"class":239},[58,7566,243],{"class":68},[16,7568,7569],{},[1855,7570,132],{},[49,7572,7574],{"className":51,"code":7573,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{}\n",[20,7575,7576],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7577,7578],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7579,7573],{"class":68},[617,7581,7583],{"id":7582},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[49,7585,7587],{"className":51,"code":7586,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[20,7588,7589,7623,7637],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7590,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619,7621],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7592,7353],{"class":286},[58,7594,290],{"class":77},[58,7596,7358],{"class":68},[58,7598,1396],{"class":939},[58,7600,374],{"class":943},[58,7602,1396],{"class":939},[58,7604,1082],{"class":68},[58,7606,3623],{"class":81},[58,7608,7371],{"class":68},[58,7610,7374],{"class":68},[58,7612,1396],{"class":939},[58,7614,2882],{"class":943},[58,7616,1396],{"class":939},[58,7618,1082],{"class":68},[58,7620,1085],{"class":81},[58,7622,7387],{"class":68},[58,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7626,7303],{"class":286},[58,7628,290],{"class":77},[58,7630,7308],{"class":991},[58,7632,69],{"class":68},[58,7634,7400],{"class":239},[58,7636,243],{"class":68},[58,7638,7639,7641,7643,7645],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,7640,65],{"class":64},[58,7642,69],{"class":68},[58,7644,7342],{"class":239},[58,7646,243],{"class":68},[16,7648,7649],{},[1855,7650,132],{},[49,7652,7654],{"className":51,"code":7653,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[20,7655,7656],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7657,7658,7660,7662,7664,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678,7680,7682],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7659,7416],{"class":68},[58,7661,1396],{"class":939},[58,7663,374],{"class":943},[58,7665,1396],{"class":939},[58,7667,973],{"class":68},[58,7669,3623],{"class":81},[58,7671,1082],{"class":68},[58,7673,1391],{"class":939},[58,7675,2882],{"class":943},[58,7677,1396],{"class":939},[58,7679,973],{"class":68},[58,7681,1085],{"class":81},[58,7683,7447],{"class":68},[617,7685,7687],{"id":7686},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[49,7689,7691],{"className":51,"code":7690,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[20,7692,7693,7723],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7694,7695,7697,7699,7701,7703,7705,7707,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719,7721],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7696,7303],{"class":286},[58,7698,290],{"class":77},[58,7700,7308],{"class":991},[58,7702,69],{"class":68},[58,7704,5799],{"class":7313},[58,7706,290],{"class":77},[58,7708,1396],{"class":939},[58,7710,3126],{"class":943},[58,7712,1396],{"class":939},[58,7714,1082],{"class":68},[58,7716,7326],{"class":7313},[58,7718,290],{"class":77},[58,7720,7331],{"class":81},[58,7722,243],{"class":68},[58,7724,7725,7727,7729,7731],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7726,65],{"class":64},[58,7728,69],{"class":68},[58,7730,7342],{"class":239},[58,7732,243],{"class":68},[16,7734,7735],{},[1855,7736,132],{},[49,7738,7740],{"className":51,"code":7739,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[20,7741,7742],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7743,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7745,7416],{"class":68},[58,7747,1396],{"class":939},[58,7749,5799],{"class":943},[58,7751,1396],{"class":939},[58,7753,973],{"class":68},[58,7755,1391],{"class":939},[58,7757,3126],{"class":943},[58,7759,1396],{"class":939},[58,7761,1082],{"class":68},[58,7763,1391],{"class":939},[58,7765,7437],{"class":943},[58,7767,1396],{"class":939},[58,7769,973],{"class":68},[58,7771,7444],{"class":81},[58,7773,7447],{"class":68},[617,7775,7777],{"id":7776},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[16,7779,7780],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[49,7782,7784],{"className":51,"code":7783,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[20,7785,7786,7827],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7787,7788,7790,7792,7794,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7821,7823,7825],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7789,7303],{"class":286},[58,7791,290],{"class":77},[58,7793,7308],{"class":991},[58,7795,7796],{"class":68},"([(",[58,7798,1396],{"class":939},[58,7800,374],{"class":943},[58,7802,1396],{"class":939},[58,7804,1082],{"class":68},[58,7806,3623],{"class":81},[58,7808,7809],{"class":68},")],",[58,7811,642],{"class":7313},[58,7813,290],{"class":77},[58,7815,117],{"class":81},[58,7817,1082],{"class":68},[58,7819,7820],{"class":7313}," c",[58,7822,290],{"class":77},[58,7824,123],{"class":81},[58,7826,243],{"class":68},[58,7828,7829,7831,7833,7835],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7830,65],{"class":64},[58,7832,69],{"class":68},[58,7834,7342],{"class":239},[58,7836,243],{"class":68},[16,7838,7839],{},[1855,7840,132],{},[49,7842,7844],{"className":51,"code":7843,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[20,7845,7846],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7847,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870,7872,7874,7876,7879,7881,7883,7885],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7849,7416],{"class":68},[58,7851,1396],{"class":939},[58,7853,374],{"class":943},[58,7855,1396],{"class":939},[58,7857,973],{"class":68},[58,7859,3623],{"class":81},[58,7861,1082],{"class":68},[58,7863,1391],{"class":939},[58,7865,2882],{"class":943},[58,7867,1396],{"class":939},[58,7869,973],{"class":68},[58,7871,1085],{"class":81},[58,7873,1082],{"class":68},[58,7875,1391],{"class":939},[58,7877,7878],{"class":943},"c",[58,7880,1396],{"class":939},[58,7882,973],{"class":68},[58,7884,531],{"class":81},[58,7886,7447],{"class":68},[44,7888,7541],{"id":7889},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[16,7891,155,7892,7894],{},[20,7893,7257],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[49,7896,7898],{"className":51,"code":7897,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[20,7899,7900,7910,7924],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7901,7902,7904,7906,7908],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7903,7303],{"class":286},[58,7905,290],{"class":77},[58,7907,7308],{"class":991},[58,7909,6779],{"class":68},[58,7911,7912,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7913,65],{"class":64},[58,7915,69],{"class":68},[58,7917,1316],{"class":991},[58,7919,69],{"class":68},[58,7921,7342],{"class":239},[58,7923,85],{"class":68},[58,7925,7926,7928,7930,7932],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,7927,65],{"class":64},[58,7929,69],{"class":68},[58,7931,7342],{"class":239},[58,7933,243],{"class":68},[16,7935,7936],{},[1855,7937,132],{},[49,7939,7941],{"className":51,"code":7940,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[20,7942,7943,7957],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7944,7945,7947,7949,7951,7953,7955],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7946,1385],{"class":77},[58,7948,1388],{"class":126},[58,7950,1391],{"class":939},[58,7952,6958],{"class":943},[58,7954,1396],{"class":939},[58,7956,1399],{"class":77},[58,7958,7959],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,7960,7573],{"class":68},[16,7962,7963],{},"This gives the same result as:",[49,7965,7967],{"className":51,"code":7966,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {}\n",[20,7968,7969],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,7970,7971,7973,7975],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,7972,7303],{"class":286},[58,7974,290],{"class":77},[58,7976,7977],{"class":68}," {}\n",[16,7979,7980,7981,7983,7984,7987,7988,7990],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[20,7982,1905],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[7985,7986],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[20,7989,7257],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[44,7992,7994],{"id":7993},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[16,7996,7997,7998,499],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[20,7999,7257],{},[49,8001,8003],{"className":51,"code":8002,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[20,8004,8005,8043,8057],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8006,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033,8035,8037,8039,8041],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8008,7353],{"class":286},[58,8010,290],{"class":77},[58,8012,7358],{"class":68},[58,8014,1396],{"class":939},[58,8016,5799],{"class":943},[58,8018,1396],{"class":939},[58,8020,1082],{"class":68},[58,8022,1391],{"class":939},[58,8024,3126],{"class":943},[58,8026,1396],{"class":939},[58,8028,7371],{"class":68},[58,8030,7374],{"class":68},[58,8032,1396],{"class":939},[58,8034,7437],{"class":943},[58,8036,1396],{"class":939},[58,8038,1082],{"class":68},[58,8040,7444],{"class":81},[58,8042,7387],{"class":68},[58,8044,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8046,7303],{"class":286},[58,8048,290],{"class":77},[58,8050,7308],{"class":991},[58,8052,69],{"class":68},[58,8054,7400],{"class":239},[58,8056,243],{"class":68},[58,8058,8059,8061,8063,8065],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,8060,65],{"class":64},[58,8062,69],{"class":68},[58,8064,7342],{"class":239},[58,8066,243],{"class":68},[16,8068,8069],{},[1855,8070,132],{},[49,8072,8073],{"className":51,"code":7739,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,8074,8075],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8076,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101,8103,8105],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8078,7416],{"class":68},[58,8080,1396],{"class":939},[58,8082,5799],{"class":943},[58,8084,1396],{"class":939},[58,8086,973],{"class":68},[58,8088,1391],{"class":939},[58,8090,3126],{"class":943},[58,8092,1396],{"class":939},[58,8094,1082],{"class":68},[58,8096,1391],{"class":939},[58,8098,7437],{"class":943},[58,8100,1396],{"class":939},[58,8102,973],{"class":68},[58,8104,7444],{"class":81},[58,8106,7447],{"class":68},[16,8108,8109],{},"Each pair becomes:",[28,8111,8112,8115],{},[31,8113,8114],{},"the first item as the key",[31,8116,8117],{},"the second item as the value",[16,8119,8120],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[49,8122,8124],{"className":51,"code":8123,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[20,8125,8126,8161,8175],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8127,8128,8130,8132,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143,8145,8147,8149,8151,8153,8155,8157,8159],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8129,7353],{"class":286},[58,8131,290],{"class":77},[58,8133,8134],{"class":68}," ((",[58,8136,1396],{"class":939},[58,8138,374],{"class":943},[58,8140,1396],{"class":939},[58,8142,1082],{"class":68},[58,8144,3623],{"class":81},[58,8146,7371],{"class":68},[58,8148,7374],{"class":68},[58,8150,1396],{"class":939},[58,8152,2882],{"class":943},[58,8154,1396],{"class":939},[58,8156,1082],{"class":68},[58,8158,1085],{"class":81},[58,8160,85],{"class":68},[58,8162,8163,8165,8167,8169,8171,8173],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8164,7303],{"class":286},[58,8166,290],{"class":77},[58,8168,7308],{"class":991},[58,8170,69],{"class":68},[58,8172,7400],{"class":239},[58,8174,243],{"class":68},[58,8176,8177,8179,8181,8183],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,8178,65],{"class":64},[58,8180,69],{"class":68},[58,8182,7342],{"class":239},[58,8184,243],{"class":68},[16,8186,8187],{},[1855,8188,132],{},[49,8190,8191],{"className":51,"code":7653,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,8192,8193],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8194,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205,8207,8209,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8196,7416],{"class":68},[58,8198,1396],{"class":939},[58,8200,374],{"class":943},[58,8202,1396],{"class":939},[58,8204,973],{"class":68},[58,8206,3623],{"class":81},[58,8208,1082],{"class":68},[58,8210,1391],{"class":939},[58,8212,2882],{"class":943},[58,8214,1396],{"class":939},[58,8216,973],{"class":68},[58,8218,1085],{"class":81},[58,8220,7447],{"class":68},[16,8222,8223,8224,499],{},"Each item must contain ",[1855,8225,8226],{},"exactly two elements",[16,8228,921],{},[49,8230,8232],{"className":51,"code":8231,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[20,8233,8234,8274],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8235,8236,8239,8241,8243,8245,8247,8249,8251,8253,8255,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270,8272],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8237,8238],{"class":286},"bad_data ",[58,8240,290],{"class":77},[58,8242,7358],{"class":68},[58,8244,1396],{"class":939},[58,8246,374],{"class":943},[58,8248,1396],{"class":939},[58,8250,1082],{"class":68},[58,8252,3623],{"class":81},[58,8254,1082],{"class":68},[58,8256,8257],{"class":81}," 100",[58,8259,7371],{"class":68},[58,8261,7374],{"class":68},[58,8263,1396],{"class":939},[58,8265,2882],{"class":943},[58,8267,1396],{"class":939},[58,8269,1082],{"class":68},[58,8271,1085],{"class":81},[58,8273,7387],{"class":68},[58,8275,8276,8278,8280,8282,8284,8287],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8277,301],{"class":286},[58,8279,290],{"class":77},[58,8281,7308],{"class":991},[58,8283,69],{"class":68},[58,8285,8286],{"class":239},"bad_data",[58,8288,243],{"class":68},[16,8290,8291,8292,8295],{},"Python raises an error because ",[20,8293,8294],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[16,8297,8298],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[49,8300,8302],{"className":51,"code":8301,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[20,8303,8304,8353,8367],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8305,8306,8308,8310,8312,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328,8330,8332,8334,8337,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349,8351],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8307,7353],{"class":286},[58,8309,290],{"class":77},[58,8311,7358],{"class":68},[58,8313,1396],{"class":939},[58,8315,374],{"class":943},[58,8317,1396],{"class":939},[58,8319,1082],{"class":68},[58,8321,3623],{"class":81},[58,8323,7371],{"class":68},[58,8325,7374],{"class":68},[58,8327,1396],{"class":939},[58,8329,374],{"class":943},[58,8331,1396],{"class":939},[58,8333,1082],{"class":68},[58,8335,8336],{"class":81}," 99",[58,8338,7371],{"class":68},[58,8340,7374],{"class":68},[58,8342,1396],{"class":939},[58,8344,2882],{"class":943},[58,8346,1396],{"class":939},[58,8348,1082],{"class":68},[58,8350,1085],{"class":81},[58,8352,7387],{"class":68},[58,8354,8355,8357,8359,8361,8363,8365],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8356,7303],{"class":286},[58,8358,290],{"class":77},[58,8360,7308],{"class":991},[58,8362,69],{"class":68},[58,8364,7400],{"class":239},[58,8366,243],{"class":68},[58,8368,8369,8371,8373,8375],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,8370,65],{"class":64},[58,8372,69],{"class":68},[58,8374,7342],{"class":239},[58,8376,243],{"class":68},[16,8378,8379],{},[1855,8380,132],{},[49,8382,8384],{"className":51,"code":8383,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[20,8385,8386],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8387,8388,8390,8392,8394,8396,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8389,7416],{"class":68},[58,8391,1396],{"class":939},[58,8393,374],{"class":943},[58,8395,1396],{"class":939},[58,8397,973],{"class":68},[58,8399,8336],{"class":81},[58,8401,1082],{"class":68},[58,8403,1391],{"class":939},[58,8405,2882],{"class":943},[58,8407,1396],{"class":939},[58,8409,973],{"class":68},[58,8411,1085],{"class":81},[58,8413,7447],{"class":68},[44,8415,8417],{"id":8416},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[16,8419,8420],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[49,8422,8423],{"className":51,"code":7690,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,8424,8425,8455],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8426,8427,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447,8449,8451,8453],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8428,7303],{"class":286},[58,8430,290],{"class":77},[58,8432,7308],{"class":991},[58,8434,69],{"class":68},[58,8436,5799],{"class":7313},[58,8438,290],{"class":77},[58,8440,1396],{"class":939},[58,8442,3126],{"class":943},[58,8444,1396],{"class":939},[58,8446,1082],{"class":68},[58,8448,7326],{"class":7313},[58,8450,290],{"class":77},[58,8452,7331],{"class":81},[58,8454,243],{"class":68},[58,8456,8457,8459,8461,8463],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8458,65],{"class":64},[58,8460,69],{"class":68},[58,8462,7342],{"class":239},[58,8464,243],{"class":68},[16,8466,8467],{},[1855,8468,132],{},[49,8470,8471],{"className":51,"code":7739,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,8472,8473],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8474,8475,8477,8479,8481,8483,8485,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8476,7416],{"class":68},[58,8478,1396],{"class":939},[58,8480,5799],{"class":943},[58,8482,1396],{"class":939},[58,8484,973],{"class":68},[58,8486,1391],{"class":939},[58,8488,3126],{"class":943},[58,8490,1396],{"class":939},[58,8492,1082],{"class":68},[58,8494,1391],{"class":939},[58,8496,7437],{"class":943},[58,8498,1396],{"class":939},[58,8500,973],{"class":68},[58,8502,7444],{"class":81},[58,8504,7447],{"class":68},[16,8506,8507],{},"In this form:",[28,8509,8510,8518],{},[31,8511,8512,8514,8515],{},[20,8513,5799],{}," becomes the string key ",[20,8516,8517],{},"'name'",[31,8519,8520,8514,8522],{},[20,8521,7437],{},[20,8523,8524],{},"'age'",[16,8526,8527],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[16,8529,8530],{},"Valid examples:",[49,8532,8534],{"className":51,"code":8533,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[20,8535,8536,8574],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8537,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546,8549,8551,8553,8556,8558,8560,8563,8565,8567,8570,8572],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8539,7303],{"class":286},[58,8541,290],{"class":77},[58,8543,7308],{"class":991},[58,8545,69],{"class":68},[58,8547,8548],{"class":7313},"city",[58,8550,290],{"class":77},[58,8552,1396],{"class":939},[58,8554,8555],{"class":943},"Paris",[58,8557,1396],{"class":939},[58,8559,1082],{"class":68},[58,8561,8562],{"class":7313}," country",[58,8564,290],{"class":77},[58,8566,1396],{"class":939},[58,8568,8569],{"class":943},"France",[58,8571,1396],{"class":939},[58,8573,243],{"class":68},[58,8575,8576,8578,8580,8582],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8577,65],{"class":64},[58,8579,69],{"class":68},[58,8581,7342],{"class":239},[58,8583,243],{"class":68},[16,8585,8586],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[28,8588,8589,8592,8595],{},[31,8590,8591],{},"spaces",[31,8593,8594],{},"hyphens",[31,8596,8597],{},"names that start with numbers",[16,8599,8600,8601,8604],{},"For example, this is ",[1855,8602,8603],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[49,8606,8608],{"className":51,"code":8607,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[20,8609,8610],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8611,8612],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8613,8607],{"class":1773},[16,8615,8616],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[49,8618,8620],{"className":51,"code":8619,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[20,8621,8622,8665],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8623,8624,8626,8628,8631,8633,8636,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8625,7303],{"class":286},[58,8627,290],{"class":77},[58,8629,8630],{"class":68}," {",[58,8632,1396],{"class":939},[58,8634,8635],{"class":943},"first-name",[58,8637,1396],{"class":939},[58,8639,973],{"class":68},[58,8641,1391],{"class":939},[58,8643,5808],{"class":943},[58,8645,1396],{"class":939},[58,8647,1082],{"class":68},[58,8649,1391],{"class":939},[58,8651,8652],{"class":943},"first name",[58,8654,1396],{"class":939},[58,8656,973],{"class":68},[58,8658,1391],{"class":939},[58,8660,5808],{"class":943},[58,8662,1396],{"class":939},[58,8664,7447],{"class":68},[58,8666,8667,8669,8671,8673],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8668,65],{"class":64},[58,8670,69],{"class":68},[58,8672,7342],{"class":239},[58,8674,243],{"class":68},[16,8676,8677],{},[1855,8678,132],{},[49,8680,8682],{"className":51,"code":8681,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[20,8683,8684],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8685,8686,8688,8690,8692,8694,8696,8698,8700,8702,8704,8706,8708,8710,8712,8714,8716,8718],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8687,7416],{"class":68},[58,8689,1396],{"class":939},[58,8691,8635],{"class":943},[58,8693,1396],{"class":939},[58,8695,973],{"class":68},[58,8697,1391],{"class":939},[58,8699,5808],{"class":943},[58,8701,1396],{"class":939},[58,8703,1082],{"class":68},[58,8705,1391],{"class":939},[58,8707,8652],{"class":943},[58,8709,1396],{"class":939},[58,8711,973],{"class":68},[58,8713,1391],{"class":939},[58,8715,5808],{"class":943},[58,8717,1396],{"class":939},[58,8719,7447],{"class":68},[44,8721,8723,8725,8726],{"id":8722},"dict-vs",[20,8724,7257],{}," vs ",[20,8727,1905],{},[16,8729,8730,8731,2512,8733,8735],{},"Both ",[20,8732,7257],{},[20,8734,1905],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[617,8737,155,8739,8741],{"id":8738},"use-when",[20,8740,1905],{}," when:",[28,8743,8744,8747],{},[31,8745,8746],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[31,8748,8749],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[49,8751,8752],{"className":51,"code":7966,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,8753,8754],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8755,8756,8758,8760],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8757,7303],{"class":286},[58,8759,290],{"class":77},[58,8761,7977],{"class":68},[617,8763,155,8765,8741],{"id":8764},"use-dict-when",[20,8766,7257],{},[28,8768,8769,8772,8775],{},[31,8770,8771],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[31,8773,8774],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[31,8776,8777],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[49,8779,8781],{"className":51,"code":8780,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[20,8782,8783,8820],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8784,8785,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799,8801,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8786,7303],{"class":286},[58,8788,290],{"class":77},[58,8790,7308],{"class":991},[58,8792,7796],{"class":68},[58,8794,1396],{"class":939},[58,8796,374],{"class":943},[58,8798,1396],{"class":939},[58,8800,1082],{"class":68},[58,8802,3623],{"class":81},[58,8804,7371],{"class":68},[58,8806,7374],{"class":68},[58,8808,1396],{"class":939},[58,8810,2882],{"class":943},[58,8812,1396],{"class":939},[58,8814,1082],{"class":68},[58,8816,1085],{"class":81},[58,8818,8819],{"class":68},")])\n",[58,8821,8822,8825,8827,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837,8839,8841,8843,8845,8847,8849],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8823,8824],{"class":286},"info ",[58,8826,290],{"class":77},[58,8828,7308],{"class":991},[58,8830,69],{"class":68},[58,8832,5799],{"class":7313},[58,8834,290],{"class":77},[58,8836,1396],{"class":939},[58,8838,3126],{"class":943},[58,8840,1396],{"class":939},[58,8842,1082],{"class":68},[58,8844,7326],{"class":7313},[58,8846,290],{"class":77},[58,8848,7331],{"class":81},[58,8850,243],{"class":68},[16,8852,8853],{},"So:",[28,8855,8856,8861],{},[31,8857,8858,8860],{},[20,8859,1905],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[31,8862,8863,8865],{},[20,8864,7257],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[16,8867,8868,8869,8873,8874,499],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[374,8870,8872],{"href":8871},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[374,8875,8877,8878,8881],{"href":8876},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[20,8879,8880],{},"get()"," method",[44,8883,8885],{"id":8884},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[16,8887,8888,8889,499],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[20,8890,7257],{},[617,8892,8894],{"id":8893},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[16,8896,2645],{},[49,8898,8900],{"className":51,"code":8899,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[20,8901,8902,8926],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8903,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922,8924],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8905,5911],{"class":286},[58,8907,290],{"class":77},[58,8909,1730],{"class":68},[58,8911,1396],{"class":939},[58,8913,374],{"class":943},[58,8915,1396],{"class":939},[58,8917,1082],{"class":68},[58,8919,1391],{"class":939},[58,8921,2882],{"class":943},[58,8923,1396],{"class":939},[58,8925,1743],{"class":68},[58,8927,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8929,7303],{"class":286},[58,8931,290],{"class":77},[58,8933,7308],{"class":991},[58,8935,69],{"class":68},[58,8937,5942],{"class":239},[58,8939,243],{"class":68},[16,8941,8942,8943,499],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[20,8944,8945],{},"('a', 1)",[16,8947,8948],{},"Correct version:",[49,8950,8952],{"className":51,"code":8951,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[20,8953,8954,8988,9002],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,8955,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,8957,5911],{"class":286},[58,8959,290],{"class":77},[58,8961,7358],{"class":68},[58,8963,1396],{"class":939},[58,8965,374],{"class":943},[58,8967,1396],{"class":939},[58,8969,1082],{"class":68},[58,8971,3623],{"class":81},[58,8973,7371],{"class":68},[58,8975,7374],{"class":68},[58,8977,1396],{"class":939},[58,8979,2882],{"class":943},[58,8981,1396],{"class":939},[58,8983,1082],{"class":68},[58,8985,1085],{"class":81},[58,8987,7387],{"class":68},[58,8989,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,8991,7303],{"class":286},[58,8993,290],{"class":77},[58,8995,7308],{"class":991},[58,8997,69],{"class":68},[58,8999,5942],{"class":239},[58,9001,243],{"class":68},[58,9003,9004,9006,9008,9010],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,9005,65],{"class":64},[58,9007,69],{"class":68},[58,9009,7342],{"class":239},[58,9011,243],{"class":68},[617,9013,9015],{"id":9014},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[16,9017,9018],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[49,9020,9022],{"className":51,"code":9021,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[20,9023,9024],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9025,9026],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9027,9021],{"class":1773},[16,9029,9030,9031,973],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[20,9032,290],{},[49,9034,9036],{"className":51,"code":9035,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[20,9037,9038,9060],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9039,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9041,7303],{"class":286},[58,9043,290],{"class":77},[58,9045,7308],{"class":991},[58,9047,69],{"class":68},[58,9049,5799],{"class":7313},[58,9051,290],{"class":77},[58,9053,1396],{"class":939},[58,9055,3126],{"class":943},[58,9057,1396],{"class":939},[58,9059,243],{"class":68},[58,9061,9062,9064,9066,9068],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9063,65],{"class":64},[58,9065,69],{"class":68},[58,9067,7342],{"class":239},[58,9069,243],{"class":68},[617,9071,9073],{"id":9072},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[16,9075,9076],{},"This will not work:",[49,9078,9079],{"className":51,"code":8607,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,9080,9081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9082,9083],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9084,8607],{"class":1773},[16,9086,9087],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[49,9089,9091],{"className":51,"code":9090,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[20,9092,9093,9117],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9094,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113,9115],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9096,7303],{"class":286},[58,9098,290],{"class":77},[58,9100,8630],{"class":68},[58,9102,1396],{"class":939},[58,9104,8635],{"class":943},[58,9106,1396],{"class":939},[58,9108,973],{"class":68},[58,9110,1391],{"class":939},[58,9112,5808],{"class":943},[58,9114,1396],{"class":939},[58,9116,7447],{"class":68},[58,9118,9119,9121,9123,9125],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9120,65],{"class":64},[58,9122,69],{"class":68},[58,9124,7342],{"class":239},[58,9126,243],{"class":68},[617,9128,9130],{"id":9129},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[16,9132,9133],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[49,9135,9137],{"className":51,"code":9136,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[20,9138,9139,9175],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9140,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9142,7303],{"class":286},[58,9144,290],{"class":77},[58,9146,7308],{"class":991},[58,9148,7796],{"class":68},[58,9150,1396],{"class":939},[58,9152,240],{"class":943},[58,9154,1396],{"class":939},[58,9156,1082],{"class":68},[58,9158,3623],{"class":81},[58,9160,7371],{"class":68},[58,9162,7374],{"class":68},[58,9164,1396],{"class":939},[58,9166,240],{"class":943},[58,9168,1396],{"class":939},[58,9170,1082],{"class":68},[58,9172,1085],{"class":81},[58,9174,8819],{"class":68},[58,9176,9177,9179,9181,9183],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9178,65],{"class":64},[58,9180,69],{"class":68},[58,9182,7342],{"class":239},[58,9184,243],{"class":68},[16,9186,9187],{},[1855,9188,132],{},[49,9190,9192],{"className":51,"code":9191,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'x': 2}\n",[20,9193,9194],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9195,9196,9198,9200,9202,9204,9206,9208],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9197,7416],{"class":68},[58,9199,1396],{"class":939},[58,9201,240],{"class":943},[58,9203,1396],{"class":939},[58,9205,973],{"class":68},[58,9207,1085],{"class":81},[58,9209,7447],{"class":68},[16,9211,9212,9213,499],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[374,9214,9216],{"href":9215},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[44,9218,914],{"id":913},[16,9220,9221,9222,9224],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[20,9223,7257],{}," include:",[28,9226,9227,9237,9243,9246],{},[31,9228,9229,9230,9233,9234],{},"passing a list like ",[20,9231,9232],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[20,9235,9236],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[31,9238,9239,9240],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[20,9241,9242],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[31,9244,9245],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[31,9247,9248,9249,9251],{},"confusing ",[20,9250,7257],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[16,9253,9254],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[49,9256,9258],{"className":51,"code":9257,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[20,9259,9260,9274,9284,9295],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9261,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9263,65],{"class":64},[58,9265,69],{"class":68},[58,9267,1316],{"class":991},[58,9269,69],{"class":68},[58,9271,7342],{"class":239},[58,9273,85],{"class":68},[58,9275,9276,9278,9280,9282],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9277,65],{"class":64},[58,9279,69],{"class":68},[58,9281,7342],{"class":239},[58,9283,243],{"class":68},[58,9285,9286,9288,9290,9293],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,9287,65],{"class":64},[58,9289,69],{"class":68},[58,9291,9292],{"class":239},"list_of_pairs",[58,9294,243],{"class":68},[58,9296,9297,9299,9301,9304,9306,9308],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,9298,65],{"class":64},[58,9300,69],{"class":68},[58,9302,9303],{"class":64},"len",[58,9305,69],{"class":68},[58,9307,9292],{"class":239},[58,9309,85],{"class":68},[16,9311,9312],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[28,9314,9315,9318,9321],{},[31,9316,9317],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[31,9319,9320],{},"what data is being passed in",[31,9322,9323],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[44,9325,1555],{"id":1554},[617,9327,3303,9329,2512,9331,573],{"id":9328},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[20,9330,7257],{},[20,9332,1905],{},[16,9334,9335,9337,9338,9340],{},[20,9336,1905],{}," is the short literal form. ",[20,9339,7257],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[617,9342,3293,9344,9346],{"id":9343},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[20,9345,7257],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[16,9348,9349,9350,499],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[20,9351,9236],{},[617,9353,3281,9355,9358],{"id":9354},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[20,9356,9357],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[16,9360,9361],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[617,9363,9365,9366,9368],{"id":9364},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[20,9367,7257],{}," keyword arguments?",[16,9370,9371,9372,9375],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[20,9373,9374],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[44,9377,1603],{"id":1602},[28,9379,9380,9385,9389,9394,9400],{},[31,9381,9382],{},[374,9383,9384],{"href":7529},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[31,9386,9387],{},[374,9388,7293],{"href":7292},[31,9390,9391],{},[374,9392,9393],{"href":8871},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[31,9395,9396],{},[374,9397,8877,9398,8881],{"href":8876},[20,9399,8880],{},[31,9401,9402],{},[374,9403,9404],{"href":9215},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1635,9406,9407],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":9409},[9410,9412,9418,9419,9420,9421,9428,9434,9435,9445],{"id":7483,"depth":88,"text":9411},"What dict() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":9413},[9414,9415,9416,9417],{"id":7540,"depth":104,"text":7541},{"id":7582,"depth":104,"text":7583},{"id":7686,"depth":104,"text":7687},{"id":7776,"depth":104,"text":7777},{"id":7889,"depth":88,"text":7541},{"id":7993,"depth":88,"text":7994},{"id":8416,"depth":88,"text":8417},{"id":8722,"depth":88,"text":9422,"children":9423},"dict() vs {}",[9424,9426],{"id":8738,"depth":104,"text":9425},"Use {} when:",{"id":8764,"depth":104,"text":9427},"Use dict() when:",{"id":8884,"depth":88,"text":8885,"children":9429},[9430,9431,9432,9433],{"id":8893,"depth":104,"text":8894},{"id":9014,"depth":104,"text":9015},{"id":9072,"depth":104,"text":9073},{"id":9129,"depth":104,"text":9130},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":9436},[9437,9439,9441,9443],{"id":9328,"depth":104,"text":9438},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":9343,"depth":104,"text":9440},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":9354,"depth":104,"text":9442},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":9364,"depth":104,"text":9444},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":7249,"description":9446},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":9453,"title":9454,"body":9455,"description":10967,"extension":1667,"meta":10968,"navigation":318,"path":10969,"seo":10970,"stem":10971,"__hash__":10972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":9,"value":9456,"toc":10936},[9457,9465,9471,9478,9480,9541,9546,9551,9556,9574,9577,9581,9583,9599,9602,9615,9619,9622,9756,9758,9825,9828,9844,9850,9856,9859,9941,9943,9957,9961,9967,10032,10034,10042,10045,10068,10074,10137,10143,10146,10160,10173,10177,10188,10193,10204,10211,10215,10221,10343,10345,10371,10374,10391,10394,10505,10507,10556,10558,10571,10580,10585,10590,10601,10603,10706,10729,10731,10735,10754,10757,10815,10818,10844,10846,10853,10856,10862,10866,10873,10881,10887,10890,10892,10933],[12,9458,9460,9461,9464],{"id":9459},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[20,9462,9463],{},"clear()"," Method",[16,9466,9467,9470],{},[20,9468,9469],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[16,9472,9473,9474,9477],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[1855,9475,9476],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[44,9479,47],{"id":46},[49,9481,9483],{"className":51,"code":9482,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[20,9484,9485,9517,9528],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9486,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9488,7303],{"class":286},[58,9490,290],{"class":77},[58,9492,8630],{"class":68},[58,9494,940],{"class":939},[58,9496,374],{"class":943},[58,9498,940],{"class":939},[58,9500,973],{"class":68},[58,9502,3623],{"class":81},[58,9504,1082],{"class":68},[58,9506,1450],{"class":939},[58,9508,2882],{"class":943},[58,9510,940],{"class":939},[58,9512,973],{"class":68},[58,9514,1085],{"class":81},[58,9516,7447],{"class":68},[58,9518,9519,9521,9523,9526],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9520,7342],{"class":286},[58,9522,499],{"class":68},[58,9524,9525],{"class":239},"clear",[58,9527,6779],{"class":68},[58,9529,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,9531,65],{"class":64},[58,9533,69],{"class":68},[58,9535,7342],{"class":239},[58,9537,1770],{"class":68},[58,9539,9540],{"class":1773},"  # {}\n",[16,9542,9543,9545],{},[20,9544,9463],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[44,9547,1788,9549,1791],{"id":9548},"what-clear-does",[20,9550,9463],{},[16,9552,18,9553,9555],{},[20,9554,9463],{}," method:",[28,9557,9558,9561,9564,9569],{},[31,9559,9560],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[31,9562,9563],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[31,9565,9566,9567],{},"Returns ",[20,9568,1891],{},[31,9570,9571,9572],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[20,9573,1905],{},[16,9575,9576],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[16,9578,7289,9579,499],{},[374,9580,7293],{"href":7292},[44,9582,222],{"id":221},[49,9584,9586],{"className":51,"code":9585,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict.clear()\n",[20,9587,9588],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9589,9590,9593,9595,9597],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9591,9592],{"class":286},"my_dict",[58,9594,499],{"class":68},[58,9596,9525],{"class":239},[58,9598,6779],{"class":68},[16,9600,9601],{},"Important points:",[28,9603,9604,9609,9612],{},[31,9605,9606,9608],{},[20,9607,9463],{}," takes no arguments",[31,9610,9611],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[31,9613,9614],{},"It empties that dictionary",[44,9616,9618],{"id":9617},"simple-example","Simple example",[16,9620,9621],{},"Here is a basic example:",[49,9623,9625],{"className":51,"code":9624,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[20,9626,9627,9637,9658,9672,9689,9693,9697,9717,9721,9732,9736],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9628,9629,9632,9634],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9630,9631],{"class":286},"user ",[58,9633,290],{"class":77},[58,9635,9636],{"class":68}," {\n",[58,9638,9639,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9653,9655],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9640,9641],{"class":939},"    \"",[58,9643,5799],{"class":943},[58,9645,940],{"class":939},[58,9647,973],{"class":68},[58,9649,1450],{"class":939},[58,9651,9652],{"class":943},"Maya",[58,9654,940],{"class":939},[58,9656,9657],{"class":68},",\n",[58,9659,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,9661,9641],{"class":939},[58,9663,7437],{"class":943},[58,9665,940],{"class":939},[58,9667,973],{"class":68},[58,9669,7444],{"class":81},[58,9671,9657],{"class":68},[58,9673,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9687],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,9675,9641],{"class":939},[58,9677,8548],{"class":943},[58,9679,940],{"class":939},[58,9681,973],{"class":68},[58,9683,1450],{"class":939},[58,9685,9686],{"class":943},"Berlin",[58,9688,1456],{"class":939},[58,9690,9691],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,9692,7447],{"class":68},[58,9694,9695],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,9696,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,9698,9699,9701,9703,9705,9708,9710,9712,9715],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,9700,65],{"class":64},[58,9702,69],{"class":68},[58,9704,940],{"class":939},[58,9706,9707],{"class":943},"Before:",[58,9709,940],{"class":939},[58,9711,1082],{"class":68},[58,9713,9714],{"class":239}," user",[58,9716,243],{"class":68},[58,9718,9719],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,9720,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,9722,9723,9726,9728,9730],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,9724,9725],{"class":286},"user",[58,9727,499],{"class":68},[58,9729,9525],{"class":239},[58,9731,6779],{"class":68},[58,9733,9734],{"class":60,"line":4565},[58,9735,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9748,9750,9752,9754],{"class":60,"line":9738},11,[58,9740,65],{"class":64},[58,9742,69],{"class":68},[58,9744,940],{"class":939},[58,9746,9747],{"class":943},"After:",[58,9749,940],{"class":939},[58,9751,1082],{"class":68},[58,9753,9714],{"class":239},[58,9755,243],{"class":68},[16,9757,3685],{},[49,9759,9761],{"className":51,"code":9760,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[20,9762,9763,9816],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9764,9765,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9766,9767],{"class":286},"Before",[58,9769,973],{"class":68},[58,9771,8630],{"class":68},[58,9773,1396],{"class":939},[58,9775,5799],{"class":943},[58,9777,1396],{"class":939},[58,9779,973],{"class":68},[58,9781,1391],{"class":939},[58,9783,9652],{"class":943},[58,9785,1396],{"class":939},[58,9787,1082],{"class":68},[58,9789,1391],{"class":939},[58,9791,7437],{"class":943},[58,9793,1396],{"class":939},[58,9795,973],{"class":68},[58,9797,7444],{"class":81},[58,9799,1082],{"class":68},[58,9801,1391],{"class":939},[58,9803,8548],{"class":943},[58,9805,1396],{"class":939},[58,9807,973],{"class":68},[58,9809,1391],{"class":939},[58,9811,9686],{"class":943},[58,9813,1396],{"class":939},[58,9815,7447],{"class":68},[58,9817,9818,9821,9823],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9819,9820],{"class":286},"After",[58,9822,973],{"class":68},[58,9824,7977],{"class":68},[16,9826,9827],{},"What happens here:",[28,9829,9830,9835,9841],{},[31,9831,9832,9834],{},[20,9833,9725],{}," starts with three items",[31,9836,9837,9840],{},[20,9838,9839],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[31,9842,9843],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[44,9845,1788,9847,9849],{"id":9846},"what-clear-returns",[20,9848,9463],{}," returns",[16,9851,9852,475,9854,499],{},[20,9853,9463],{},[20,9855,1891],{},[16,9857,9858],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[49,9860,9862],{"className":51,"code":9861,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[20,9863,9864,9898,9902,9917,9921,9931],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9865,9866,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9890,9892,9894,9896],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9867,9868],{"class":286},"my_dict ",[58,9870,290],{"class":77},[58,9872,8630],{"class":68},[58,9874,940],{"class":939},[58,9876,240],{"class":943},[58,9878,940],{"class":939},[58,9880,973],{"class":68},[58,9882,3623],{"class":81},[58,9884,1082],{"class":68},[58,9886,1450],{"class":939},[58,9888,9889],{"class":943},"y",[58,9891,940],{"class":939},[58,9893,973],{"class":68},[58,9895,1085],{"class":81},[58,9897,7447],{"class":68},[58,9899,9900],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9901,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,9903,9904,9906,9908,9911,9913,9915],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,9905,301],{"class":286},[58,9907,290],{"class":77},[58,9909,9910],{"class":286}," my_dict",[58,9912,499],{"class":68},[58,9914,9525],{"class":239},[58,9916,6779],{"class":68},[58,9918,9919],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,9920,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,9922,9923,9925,9927,9929],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,9924,65],{"class":64},[58,9926,69],{"class":68},[58,9928,340],{"class":239},[58,9930,243],{"class":68},[58,9932,9933,9935,9937,9939],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,9934,65],{"class":64},[58,9936,69],{"class":68},[58,9938,9592],{"class":239},[58,9940,243],{"class":68},[16,9942,132],{},[49,9944,9946],{"className":51,"code":9945,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"None\n{}\n",[20,9947,9948,9953],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9949,9950],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9951,9952],{"class":1966},"None\n",[58,9954,9955],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,9956,7573],{"class":68},[617,9958,9960],{"id":9959},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[16,9962,9963,9964,9966],{},"Do ",[1855,9965,2751],{}," do this:",[49,9968,9970],{"className":51,"code":9969,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[20,9971,9972,10004,10018,10022],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,9973,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,9975,9868],{"class":286},[58,9977,290],{"class":77},[58,9979,8630],{"class":68},[58,9981,940],{"class":939},[58,9983,240],{"class":943},[58,9985,940],{"class":939},[58,9987,973],{"class":68},[58,9989,3623],{"class":81},[58,9991,1082],{"class":68},[58,9993,1450],{"class":939},[58,9995,9889],{"class":943},[58,9997,940],{"class":939},[58,9999,973],{"class":68},[58,10001,1085],{"class":81},[58,10003,7447],{"class":68},[58,10005,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10007,9868],{"class":286},[58,10009,290],{"class":77},[58,10011,9910],{"class":286},[58,10013,499],{"class":68},[58,10015,9525],{"class":239},[58,10017,6779],{"class":68},[58,10019,10020],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10021,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10023,10024,10026,10028,10030],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,10025,65],{"class":64},[58,10027,69],{"class":68},[58,10029,9592],{"class":239},[58,10031,243],{"class":68},[16,10033,132],{},[49,10035,10036],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,10037,10038],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10039,10040],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10041,9952],{"class":1966},[16,10043,10044],{},"Why this happens:",[28,10046,10047,10053,10058],{},[31,10048,10049,10052],{},[20,10050,10051],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[31,10054,10055,10056],{},"The method returns ",[20,10057,1891],{},[31,10059,10060,10061,10064,10065,10067],{},"Then ",[20,10062,10063],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[20,10066,1891],{}," in the variable",[16,10069,10070,10071,10073],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[20,10072,9463],{}," by itself:",[49,10075,10077],{"className":51,"code":10076,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[20,10078,10079,10111,10121,10125],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10080,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10082,9868],{"class":286},[58,10084,290],{"class":77},[58,10086,8630],{"class":68},[58,10088,940],{"class":939},[58,10090,240],{"class":943},[58,10092,940],{"class":939},[58,10094,973],{"class":68},[58,10096,3623],{"class":81},[58,10098,1082],{"class":68},[58,10100,1450],{"class":939},[58,10102,9889],{"class":943},[58,10104,940],{"class":939},[58,10106,973],{"class":68},[58,10108,1085],{"class":81},[58,10110,7447],{"class":68},[58,10112,10113,10115,10117,10119],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10114,9592],{"class":286},[58,10116,499],{"class":68},[58,10118,9525],{"class":239},[58,10120,6779],{"class":68},[58,10122,10123],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10124,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10126,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,10128,65],{"class":64},[58,10130,69],{"class":68},[58,10132,9592],{"class":239},[58,10134,1770],{"class":68},[58,10136,9540],{"class":1773},[44,10138,10140,10142],{"id":10139},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[20,10141,9463],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[16,10144,10145],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[49,10147,10148],{"className":51,"code":9585,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,10149,10150],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10151,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10153,9592],{"class":286},[58,10155,499],{"class":68},[58,10157,9525],{"class":239},[58,10159,6779],{"class":68},[49,10161,10163],{"className":51,"code":10162,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {}\n",[20,10164,10165],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10166,10167,10169,10171],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10168,9868],{"class":286},[58,10170,290],{"class":77},[58,10172,7977],{"class":68},[617,10174,10175],{"id":9525},[20,10176,9463],{},[28,10178,10179,10182,10185],{},[31,10180,10181],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[31,10183,10184],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[31,10186,10187],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[617,10189,10190],{"id":9592},[20,10191,10192],{},"my_dict = {}",[28,10194,10195,10198,10201],{},[31,10196,10197],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[31,10199,10200],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[31,10202,10203],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[16,10205,10206,10207,499],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[374,10208,10210],{"href":10209},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[44,10212,10214],{"id":10213},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[16,10216,10217,10218,10220],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[20,10219,9463],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[49,10222,10224],{"className":51,"code":10223,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[20,10225,10226,10259,10269,10273,10284,10288,10308,10328],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10227,10228,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10229,10230],{"class":286},"original ",[58,10232,290],{"class":77},[58,10234,8630],{"class":68},[58,10236,940],{"class":939},[58,10238,374],{"class":943},[58,10240,940],{"class":939},[58,10242,973],{"class":68},[58,10244,3623],{"class":81},[58,10246,1082],{"class":68},[58,10248,1450],{"class":939},[58,10250,2882],{"class":943},[58,10252,940],{"class":939},[58,10254,973],{"class":68},[58,10256,1085],{"class":81},[58,10258,7447],{"class":68},[58,10260,10261,10264,10266],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10262,10263],{"class":286},"other_ref ",[58,10265,290],{"class":77},[58,10267,10268],{"class":286}," original\n",[58,10270,10271],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10272,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10274,10275,10278,10280,10282],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,10276,10277],{"class":286},"original",[58,10279,499],{"class":68},[58,10281,9525],{"class":239},[58,10283,6779],{"class":68},[58,10285,10286],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,10287,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10289,10290,10292,10294,10296,10299,10301,10303,10306],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,10291,65],{"class":64},[58,10293,69],{"class":68},[58,10295,940],{"class":939},[58,10297,10298],{"class":943},"original:",[58,10300,940],{"class":939},[58,10302,1082],{"class":68},[58,10304,10305],{"class":239}," original",[58,10307,243],{"class":68},[58,10309,10310,10312,10314,10316,10319,10321,10323,10326],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,10311,65],{"class":64},[58,10313,69],{"class":68},[58,10315,940],{"class":939},[58,10317,10318],{"class":943},"other_ref:",[58,10320,940],{"class":939},[58,10322,1082],{"class":68},[58,10324,10325],{"class":239}," other_ref",[58,10327,243],{"class":68},[58,10329,10330,10332,10334,10336,10339,10341],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,10331,65],{"class":64},[58,10333,69],{"class":68},[58,10335,10230],{"class":239},[58,10337,10338],{"class":1991},"is",[58,10340,10325],{"class":239},[58,10342,243],{"class":68},[16,10344,132],{},[49,10346,10348],{"className":51,"code":10347,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[20,10349,10350,10358,10367],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10351,10352,10354,10356],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10353,10277],{"class":286},[58,10355,973],{"class":68},[58,10357,7977],{"class":68},[58,10359,10360,10363,10365],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10361,10362],{"class":286},"other_ref",[58,10364,973],{"class":68},[58,10366,7977],{"class":68},[58,10368,10369],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10370,2096],{"class":1966},[16,10372,10373],{},"This shows:",[28,10375,10376,10383,10388],{},[31,10377,10378,2512,10380,10382],{},[20,10379,10277],{},[20,10381,10362],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[31,10384,10385,10387],{},[20,10386,9463],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[31,10389,10390],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[16,10392,10393],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[49,10395,10397],{"className":51,"code":10396,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[20,10398,10399,10431,10439,10443,10451,10455,10473,10491],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10400,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10402,10230],{"class":286},[58,10404,290],{"class":77},[58,10406,8630],{"class":68},[58,10408,940],{"class":939},[58,10410,374],{"class":943},[58,10412,940],{"class":939},[58,10414,973],{"class":68},[58,10416,3623],{"class":81},[58,10418,1082],{"class":68},[58,10420,1450],{"class":939},[58,10422,2882],{"class":943},[58,10424,940],{"class":939},[58,10426,973],{"class":68},[58,10428,1085],{"class":81},[58,10430,7447],{"class":68},[58,10432,10433,10435,10437],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10434,10263],{"class":286},[58,10436,290],{"class":77},[58,10438,10268],{"class":286},[58,10440,10441],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10442,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10444,10445,10447,10449],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,10446,10230],{"class":286},[58,10448,290],{"class":77},[58,10450,7977],{"class":68},[58,10452,10453],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,10454,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10456,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,10458,65],{"class":64},[58,10460,69],{"class":68},[58,10462,940],{"class":939},[58,10464,10298],{"class":943},[58,10466,940],{"class":939},[58,10468,1082],{"class":68},[58,10470,10305],{"class":239},[58,10472,243],{"class":68},[58,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,10476,65],{"class":64},[58,10478,69],{"class":68},[58,10480,940],{"class":939},[58,10482,10318],{"class":943},[58,10484,940],{"class":939},[58,10486,1082],{"class":68},[58,10488,10325],{"class":239},[58,10490,243],{"class":68},[58,10492,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,10494,65],{"class":64},[58,10496,69],{"class":68},[58,10498,10230],{"class":239},[58,10500,10338],{"class":1991},[58,10502,10325],{"class":239},[58,10504,243],{"class":68},[16,10506,132],{},[49,10508,10510],{"className":51,"code":10509,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[20,10511,10512,10520,10552],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10513,10514,10516,10518],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10515,10277],{"class":286},[58,10517,973],{"class":68},[58,10519,7977],{"class":68},[58,10521,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10523,10362],{"class":286},[58,10525,973],{"class":68},[58,10527,8630],{"class":68},[58,10529,1396],{"class":939},[58,10531,374],{"class":943},[58,10533,1396],{"class":939},[58,10535,973],{"class":68},[58,10537,3623],{"class":81},[58,10539,1082],{"class":68},[58,10541,1391],{"class":939},[58,10543,2882],{"class":943},[58,10545,1396],{"class":939},[58,10547,973],{"class":68},[58,10549,1085],{"class":81},[58,10551,7447],{"class":68},[58,10553,10554],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10555,2157],{"class":1966},[16,10557,246],{},[28,10559,10560,10566],{},[31,10561,10562,10565],{},[20,10563,10564],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[31,10567,10568,10570],{},[20,10569,10362],{}," still points to the old one",[16,10572,10573,10574,499],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[374,10575,10577],{"href":10576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[20,10578,10579],{},"dict.copy()",[44,10581,3083,10583],{"id":10582},"when-to-use-clear",[20,10584,9463],{},[16,10586,10587,10589],{},[20,10588,9463],{}," is useful when you want to:",[28,10591,10592,10595,10598],{},[31,10593,10594],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[31,10596,10597],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[31,10599,10600],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[16,10602,276],{},[49,10604,10606],{"className":51,"code":10605,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[20,10607,10608,10617,10633,10653,10666,10670,10674,10679,10690,10694],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10609,10610,10613,10615],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10611,10612],{"class":286},"session_data ",[58,10614,290],{"class":77},[58,10616,9636],{"class":68},[58,10618,10619,10621,10624,10626,10628,10631],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10620,9641],{"class":939},[58,10622,10623],{"class":943},"user_id",[58,10625,940],{"class":939},[58,10627,973],{"class":68},[58,10629,10630],{"class":81}," 101",[58,10632,9657],{"class":68},[58,10634,10635,10637,10640,10642,10644,10646,10649,10651],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10636,9641],{"class":939},[58,10638,10639],{"class":943},"theme",[58,10641,940],{"class":939},[58,10643,973],{"class":68},[58,10645,1450],{"class":939},[58,10647,10648],{"class":943},"dark",[58,10650,940],{"class":939},[58,10652,9657],{"class":68},[58,10654,10655,10657,10660,10662,10664],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,10656,9641],{"class":939},[58,10658,10659],{"class":943},"logged_in",[58,10661,940],{"class":939},[58,10663,973],{"class":68},[58,10665,4551],{"class":1966},[58,10667,10668],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,10669,7447],{"class":68},[58,10671,10672],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,10673,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10675,10676],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,10677,10678],{"class":1773},"# Reset for a new session\n",[58,10680,10681,10684,10686,10688],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,10682,10683],{"class":286},"session_data",[58,10685,499],{"class":68},[58,10687,9525],{"class":239},[58,10689,6779],{"class":68},[58,10691,10692],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,10693,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,10695,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704],{"class":60,"line":4565},[58,10697,65],{"class":64},[58,10699,69],{"class":68},[58,10701,10683],{"class":239},[58,10703,1770],{"class":68},[58,10705,9540],{"class":1773},[16,10707,10708,10709,10715,10716,499,10720,10722,10723,499],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[374,10710,10712],{"href":10711},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[20,10713,10714],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[374,10717,10719],{"href":10718},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[7985,10721],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[374,10724,10726],{"href":10725},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[20,10727,10728],{},"dict.popitem()",[44,10730,914],{"id":913},[16,10732,8888,10733,973],{},[20,10734,9463],{},[28,10736,10737,10743,10748,10751],{},[31,10738,10739,10740,10742],{},"Assigning the result of ",[20,10741,9463],{}," to a variable",[31,10744,6588,10745,10747],{},[20,10746,9463],{}," to return a new dictionary",[31,10749,10750],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[31,10752,10753],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[16,10755,10756],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[49,10758,10760],{"className":51,"code":10759,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[20,10761,10762,10772,10786,10801],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,10763,10764,10766,10768,10770],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,10765,65],{"class":64},[58,10767,69],{"class":68},[58,10769,9592],{"class":239},[58,10771,243],{"class":68},[58,10773,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,10775,65],{"class":64},[58,10777,69],{"class":68},[58,10779,1316],{"class":991},[58,10781,69],{"class":68},[58,10783,9592],{"class":239},[58,10785,85],{"class":68},[58,10787,10788,10790,10792,10795,10797,10799],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,10789,65],{"class":64},[58,10791,69],{"class":68},[58,10793,10794],{"class":64},"id",[58,10796,69],{"class":68},[58,10798,9592],{"class":239},[58,10800,85],{"class":68},[58,10802,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,10804,65],{"class":64},[58,10806,69],{"class":68},[58,10808,10263],{"class":239},[58,10810,10338],{"class":1991},[58,10812,9910],{"class":239},[58,10814,243],{"class":68},[16,10816,10817],{},"What these show:",[28,10819,10820,10826,10832,10838],{},[31,10821,10822,10825],{},[20,10823,10824],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[31,10827,10828,10831],{},[20,10829,10830],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[31,10833,10834,10837],{},[20,10835,10836],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[31,10839,10840,10843],{},[20,10841,10842],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[44,10845,1555],{"id":1554},[617,10847,10849,10850,10852],{"id":10848},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[20,10851,9463],{}," delete the dictionary?",[16,10854,10855],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[617,10857,3265,10859,10861],{"id":10858},"what-does-dictclear-return",[20,10860,9469],{}," return?",[16,10863,3271,10864,499],{},[20,10865,1891],{},[617,10867,3303,10869,2512,10871,573],{"id":10868},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[20,10870,9463],{},[20,10872,1905],{},[16,10874,10875,10877,10878,10880],{},[20,10876,9463],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[20,10879,1905],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[617,10882,10849,10884,10886],{"id":10883},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[20,10885,9463],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[16,10888,10889],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[44,10891,1603],{"id":1602},[28,10893,10894,10898,10902,10909,10916,10923,10928],{},[31,10895,10896],{},[374,10897,7293],{"href":7292},[31,10899,10900],{},[374,10901,9384],{"href":7529},[31,10903,10904],{},[374,10905,8877,10906,8881],{"href":10711},[20,10907,10908],{},"pop()",[31,10910,10911],{},[374,10912,8877,10913,8881],{"href":10725},[20,10914,10915],{},"popitem()",[31,10917,10918],{},[374,10919,8877,10920,8881],{"href":10576},[20,10921,10922],{},"copy()",[31,10924,10925],{},[374,10926,10927],{"href":10209},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[31,10929,10930],{},[374,10931,10932],{"href":10718},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1635,10934,10935],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":10937},[10938,10939,10941,10942,10943,10947,10952,10953,10955,10956,10966],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":9548,"depth":88,"text":10940},"What clear() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":9846,"depth":88,"text":10944,"children":10945},"What clear() returns",[10946],{"id":9959,"depth":104,"text":9960},{"id":10139,"depth":88,"text":10948,"children":10949},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[10950,10951],{"id":9525,"depth":104,"text":9463},{"id":9592,"depth":104,"text":10192},{"id":10213,"depth":88,"text":10214},{"id":10582,"depth":88,"text":10954},"When to use clear()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":10957},[10958,10960,10962,10964],{"id":10848,"depth":104,"text":10959},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":10858,"depth":104,"text":10961},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":10868,"depth":104,"text":10963},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":10883,"depth":104,"text":10965},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":9454,"description":10967},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":10974,"title":10975,"body":10976,"description":13145,"extension":1667,"meta":13146,"navigation":318,"path":13147,"seo":13148,"stem":13149,"__hash__":13150},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":9,"value":10977,"toc":13117},[10978,10983,10988,10998,11000,11089,11093,11134,11139,11146,11164,11173,11175,11196,11199,11211,11213,11292,11296,11337,11339,11342,11470,11474,11554,11557,11575,11578,11582,11588,11590,11601,11603,11798,11802,11908,11911,11929,11932,11939,11944,11948,11962,11964,12091,12095,12175,12188,12194,12197,12205,12209,12335,12339,12413,12418,12549,12553,12627,12630,12644,12648,12652,12666,12668,12804,12808,12877,12879,12884,12906,12909,13016,13019,13030,13037,13039,13045,13048,13055,13058,13065,13073,13077,13080,13082,13114],[12,10979,9460,10981,9464],{"id":10980},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[20,10982,10922],{},[16,10984,10985,10987],{},[20,10986,10579],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[16,10989,10990,10991,10993,10994,10997],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[20,10992,10922],{}," makes a ",[1855,10995,10996],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[44,10999,47],{"id":46},[49,11001,11003],{"className":51,"code":11002,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[20,11004,11005,11043,11060,11064,11075],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11006,11007,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11008,11009],{"class":286},"student ",[58,11011,290],{"class":77},[58,11013,8630],{"class":68},[58,11015,940],{"class":939},[58,11017,5799],{"class":943},[58,11019,940],{"class":939},[58,11021,973],{"class":68},[58,11023,1450],{"class":939},[58,11025,11026],{"class":943},"Ana",[58,11028,940],{"class":939},[58,11030,1082],{"class":68},[58,11032,1450],{"class":939},[58,11034,7437],{"class":943},[58,11036,940],{"class":939},[58,11038,973],{"class":68},[58,11040,5922],{"class":81},[58,11042,7447],{"class":68},[58,11044,11045,11048,11050,11053,11055,11058],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,11046,11047],{"class":286},"student_copy ",[58,11049,290],{"class":77},[58,11051,11052],{"class":286}," student",[58,11054,499],{"class":68},[58,11056,11057],{"class":239},"copy",[58,11059,6779],{"class":68},[58,11061,11062],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,11063,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,11065,11066,11068,11070,11073],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,11067,65],{"class":64},[58,11069,69],{"class":68},[58,11071,11072],{"class":239},"student_copy",[58,11074,243],{"class":68},[58,11076,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,11078,65],{"class":64},[58,11080,69],{"class":68},[58,11082,11047],{"class":239},[58,11084,10338],{"class":1991},[58,11086,11052],{"class":239},[58,11088,243],{"class":68},[16,11090,11091],{},[1855,11092,132],{},[49,11094,11096],{"className":51,"code":11095,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[20,11097,11098,11130],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11099,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11101,7416],{"class":68},[58,11103,1396],{"class":939},[58,11105,5799],{"class":943},[58,11107,1396],{"class":939},[58,11109,973],{"class":68},[58,11111,1391],{"class":939},[58,11113,11026],{"class":943},[58,11115,1396],{"class":939},[58,11117,1082],{"class":68},[58,11119,1391],{"class":939},[58,11121,7437],{"class":943},[58,11123,1396],{"class":939},[58,11125,973],{"class":68},[58,11127,5922],{"class":81},[58,11129,7447],{"class":68},[58,11131,11132],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,11133,2157],{"class":1966},[16,11135,155,11136,11138],{},[20,11137,10922],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[44,11140,11142,11143,11145],{"id":11141},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[20,11144,10922],{}," method does",[28,11147,11148,11153,11156,11161],{},[31,11149,11150,11152],{},[20,11151,10579],{}," returns a new dictionary",[31,11154,11155],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[31,11157,11158,11159],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[20,11160,10922],{},[31,11162,11163],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[16,11165,11166,11167,966,11170,499],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[374,11168,7293],{"href":11169},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[374,11171,7530],{"href":11172},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[44,11174,222],{"id":221},[49,11176,11178],{"className":51,"code":11177,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[20,11179,11180],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11181,11182,11185,11187,11190,11192,11194],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11183,11184],{"class":286},"new_dict ",[58,11186,290],{"class":77},[58,11188,11189],{"class":286}," old_dict",[58,11191,499],{"class":68},[58,11193,11057],{"class":239},[58,11195,6779],{"class":68},[16,11197,11198],{},"Key points:",[28,11200,11201,11205,11208],{},[31,11202,11203,9608],{},[20,11204,10922],{},[31,11206,11207],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[31,11209,11210],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[16,11212,276],{},[49,11214,11216],{"className":51,"code":11215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[20,11217,11218,11261,11277,11281],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11219,11220,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11257,11259],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11221,11222],{"class":286},"colors ",[58,11224,290],{"class":77},[58,11226,8630],{"class":68},[58,11228,940],{"class":939},[58,11230,374],{"class":943},[58,11232,940],{"class":939},[58,11234,973],{"class":68},[58,11236,1450],{"class":939},[58,11238,11239],{"class":943},"red",[58,11241,940],{"class":939},[58,11243,1082],{"class":68},[58,11245,1450],{"class":939},[58,11247,2882],{"class":943},[58,11249,940],{"class":939},[58,11251,973],{"class":68},[58,11253,1450],{"class":939},[58,11255,11256],{"class":943},"blue",[58,11258,940],{"class":939},[58,11260,7447],{"class":68},[58,11262,11263,11266,11268,11271,11273,11275],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,11264,11265],{"class":286},"new_colors ",[58,11267,290],{"class":77},[58,11269,11270],{"class":286}," colors",[58,11272,499],{"class":68},[58,11274,11057],{"class":239},[58,11276,6779],{"class":68},[58,11278,11279],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,11280,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,11282,11283,11285,11287,11290],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,11284,65],{"class":64},[58,11286,69],{"class":68},[58,11288,11289],{"class":239},"new_colors",[58,11291,243],{"class":68},[16,11293,11294],{},[1855,11295,132],{},[49,11297,11299],{"className":51,"code":11298,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[20,11300,11301],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11302,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331,11333,11335],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11304,7416],{"class":68},[58,11306,1396],{"class":939},[58,11308,374],{"class":943},[58,11310,1396],{"class":939},[58,11312,973],{"class":68},[58,11314,1391],{"class":939},[58,11316,11239],{"class":943},[58,11318,1396],{"class":939},[58,11320,1082],{"class":68},[58,11322,1391],{"class":939},[58,11324,2882],{"class":943},[58,11326,1396],{"class":939},[58,11328,973],{"class":68},[58,11330,1391],{"class":939},[58,11332,11256],{"class":943},[58,11334,1396],{"class":939},[58,11336,7447],{"class":68},[44,11338,9618],{"id":9617},[16,11340,11341],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[49,11343,11345],{"className":51,"code":11344,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[20,11346,11347,11385,11401,11405,11427,11431,11450],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11348,11349,11352,11354,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364,11366,11369,11371,11373,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11350,11351],{"class":286},"person ",[58,11353,290],{"class":77},[58,11355,8630],{"class":68},[58,11357,940],{"class":939},[58,11359,5799],{"class":943},[58,11361,940],{"class":939},[58,11363,973],{"class":68},[58,11365,1450],{"class":939},[58,11367,11368],{"class":943},"Liam",[58,11370,940],{"class":939},[58,11372,1082],{"class":68},[58,11374,1450],{"class":939},[58,11376,7437],{"class":943},[58,11378,940],{"class":939},[58,11380,973],{"class":68},[58,11382,7444],{"class":81},[58,11384,7447],{"class":68},[58,11386,11387,11390,11392,11395,11397,11399],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,11388,11389],{"class":286},"person_copy ",[58,11391,290],{"class":77},[58,11393,11394],{"class":286}," person",[58,11396,499],{"class":68},[58,11398,11057],{"class":239},[58,11400,6779],{"class":68},[58,11402,11403],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,11404,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,11406,11407,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11421,11424],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,11408,11409],{"class":286},"person_copy",[58,11411,2016],{"class":68},[58,11413,940],{"class":939},[58,11415,7437],{"class":943},[58,11417,940],{"class":939},[58,11419,11420],{"class":68},"]",[58,11422,11423],{"class":77}," =",[58,11425,11426],{"class":81}," 26\n",[58,11428,11429],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,11430,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,11432,11433,11435,11437,11439,11442,11444,11446,11448],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,11434,65],{"class":64},[58,11436,69],{"class":68},[58,11438,940],{"class":939},[58,11440,11441],{"class":943},"Original:",[58,11443,940],{"class":939},[58,11445,1082],{"class":68},[58,11447,11394],{"class":239},[58,11449,243],{"class":68},[58,11451,11452,11454,11456,11458,11461,11463,11465,11468],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,11453,65],{"class":64},[58,11455,69],{"class":68},[58,11457,940],{"class":939},[58,11459,11460],{"class":943},"Copy:",[58,11462,940],{"class":939},[58,11464,1082],{"class":68},[58,11466,11467],{"class":239}," person_copy",[58,11469,243],{"class":68},[16,11471,11472],{},[1855,11473,132],{},[49,11475,11477],{"className":51,"code":11476,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[20,11478,11479,11516],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11480,11481,11484,11486,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11482,11483],{"class":286},"Original",[58,11485,973],{"class":68},[58,11487,8630],{"class":68},[58,11489,1396],{"class":939},[58,11491,5799],{"class":943},[58,11493,1396],{"class":939},[58,11495,973],{"class":68},[58,11497,1391],{"class":939},[58,11499,11368],{"class":943},[58,11501,1396],{"class":939},[58,11503,1082],{"class":68},[58,11505,1391],{"class":939},[58,11507,7437],{"class":943},[58,11509,1396],{"class":939},[58,11511,973],{"class":68},[58,11513,7444],{"class":81},[58,11515,7447],{"class":68},[58,11517,11518,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549,11552],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,11519,11520],{"class":286},"Copy",[58,11522,973],{"class":68},[58,11524,8630],{"class":68},[58,11526,1396],{"class":939},[58,11528,5799],{"class":943},[58,11530,1396],{"class":939},[58,11532,973],{"class":68},[58,11534,1391],{"class":939},[58,11536,11368],{"class":943},[58,11538,1396],{"class":939},[58,11540,1082],{"class":68},[58,11542,1391],{"class":939},[58,11544,7437],{"class":943},[58,11546,1396],{"class":939},[58,11548,973],{"class":68},[58,11550,11551],{"class":81}," 26",[58,11553,7447],{"class":68},[16,11555,11556],{},"What happened here:",[28,11558,11559,11565,11572],{},[31,11560,11561,11564],{},[20,11562,11563],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[31,11566,11567,11568,11571],{},"Changing ",[20,11569,11570],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[31,11573,11574],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[16,11576,11577],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[44,11579,11581],{"id":11580},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[16,11583,11584,10993,11586,499],{},[20,11585,10922],{},[1855,11587,10996],{},[16,11589,170],{},[28,11591,11592,11595,11598],{},[31,11593,11594],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[31,11596,11597],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[31,11599,11600],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[16,11602,276],{},[49,11604,11606],{"className":51,"code":11605,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[20,11607,11608,11616,11634,11657,11661,11665,11679,11683,11708,11712,11730,11749,11764],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11609,11610,11612,11614],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11611,11009],{"class":286},[58,11613,290],{"class":77},[58,11615,9636],{"class":68},[58,11617,11618,11620,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,11619,9641],{"class":939},[58,11621,5799],{"class":943},[58,11623,940],{"class":939},[58,11625,973],{"class":68},[58,11627,1450],{"class":939},[58,11629,11026],{"class":943},[58,11631,940],{"class":939},[58,11633,9657],{"class":68},[58,11635,11636,11638,11641,11643,11645,11647,11650,11652,11655],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,11637,9641],{"class":939},[58,11639,11640],{"class":943},"grades",[58,11642,940],{"class":939},[58,11644,973],{"class":68},[58,11646,1730],{"class":68},[58,11648,11649],{"class":81},"90",[58,11651,1082],{"class":68},[58,11653,11654],{"class":81}," 85",[58,11656,1743],{"class":68},[58,11658,11659],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,11660,7447],{"class":68},[58,11662,11663],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,11664,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,11666,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,11668,11047],{"class":286},[58,11670,290],{"class":77},[58,11672,11052],{"class":286},[58,11674,499],{"class":68},[58,11676,11057],{"class":239},[58,11678,6779],{"class":68},[58,11680,11681],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,11682,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,11684,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11698,11701,11703,11706],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,11686,11072],{"class":286},[58,11688,2016],{"class":68},[58,11690,940],{"class":939},[58,11692,11640],{"class":943},[58,11694,940],{"class":939},[58,11696,11697],{"class":68},"].",[58,11699,11700],{"class":239},"append",[58,11702,69],{"class":68},[58,11704,11705],{"class":81},"100",[58,11707,243],{"class":68},[58,11709,11710],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,11711,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,11713,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728],{"class":60,"line":4565},[58,11715,65],{"class":64},[58,11717,69],{"class":68},[58,11719,940],{"class":939},[58,11721,11441],{"class":943},[58,11723,940],{"class":939},[58,11725,1082],{"class":68},[58,11727,11052],{"class":239},[58,11729,243],{"class":68},[58,11731,11732,11734,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744,11747],{"class":60,"line":9738},[58,11733,65],{"class":64},[58,11735,69],{"class":68},[58,11737,940],{"class":939},[58,11739,11460],{"class":943},[58,11741,940],{"class":939},[58,11743,1082],{"class":68},[58,11745,11746],{"class":239}," student_copy",[58,11748,243],{"class":68},[58,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762],{"class":60,"line":11751},12,[58,11753,65],{"class":64},[58,11755,69],{"class":68},[58,11757,11009],{"class":239},[58,11759,10338],{"class":1991},[58,11761,11746],{"class":239},[58,11763,243],{"class":68},[58,11765,11767,11769,11771,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788,11790,11792,11794,11796],{"class":60,"line":11766},13,[58,11768,65],{"class":64},[58,11770,69],{"class":68},[58,11772,11773],{"class":239},"student",[58,11775,2016],{"class":68},[58,11777,940],{"class":939},[58,11779,11640],{"class":943},[58,11781,940],{"class":939},[58,11783,11420],{"class":68},[58,11785,6230],{"class":1991},[58,11787,11746],{"class":239},[58,11789,2016],{"class":68},[58,11791,940],{"class":939},[58,11793,11640],{"class":943},[58,11795,940],{"class":939},[58,11797,2004],{"class":68},[16,11799,11800],{},[1855,11801,132],{},[49,11803,11805],{"className":51,"code":11804,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[20,11806,11807,11854,11900,11904],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11808,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11810,11483],{"class":286},[58,11812,973],{"class":68},[58,11814,8630],{"class":68},[58,11816,1396],{"class":939},[58,11818,5799],{"class":943},[58,11820,1396],{"class":939},[58,11822,973],{"class":68},[58,11824,1391],{"class":939},[58,11826,11026],{"class":943},[58,11828,1396],{"class":939},[58,11830,1082],{"class":68},[58,11832,1391],{"class":939},[58,11834,11640],{"class":943},[58,11836,1396],{"class":939},[58,11838,973],{"class":68},[58,11840,1730],{"class":68},[58,11842,11649],{"class":81},[58,11844,1082],{"class":68},[58,11846,11654],{"class":81},[58,11848,1082],{"class":68},[58,11850,8257],{"class":81},[58,11852,11853],{"class":68},"]}\n",[58,11855,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896,11898],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,11857,11520],{"class":286},[58,11859,973],{"class":68},[58,11861,8630],{"class":68},[58,11863,1396],{"class":939},[58,11865,5799],{"class":943},[58,11867,1396],{"class":939},[58,11869,973],{"class":68},[58,11871,1391],{"class":939},[58,11873,11026],{"class":943},[58,11875,1396],{"class":939},[58,11877,1082],{"class":68},[58,11879,1391],{"class":939},[58,11881,11640],{"class":943},[58,11883,1396],{"class":939},[58,11885,973],{"class":68},[58,11887,1730],{"class":68},[58,11889,11649],{"class":81},[58,11891,1082],{"class":68},[58,11893,11654],{"class":81},[58,11895,1082],{"class":68},[58,11897,8257],{"class":81},[58,11899,11853],{"class":68},[58,11901,11902],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,11903,2157],{"class":1966},[58,11905,11906],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,11907,2096],{"class":1966},[16,11909,11910],{},"Notice the difference:",[28,11912,11913,11921],{},[31,11914,11915,2905,11918,11920],{},[20,11916,11917],{},"student is student_copy",[20,11919,1784],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[31,11922,11923,2905,11926,11928],{},[20,11924,11925],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[20,11927,1710],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[16,11930,11931],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[16,11933,11934,11935,499],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[374,11936,11938],{"href":11937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[44,11940,3083,11942],{"id":11941},"when-to-use-copy",[20,11943,10922],{},[16,11945,155,11946,8741],{},[20,11947,10922],{},[28,11949,11950,11953,11956,11959],{},[31,11951,11952],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[31,11954,11955],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[31,11957,11958],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[31,11960,11961],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[16,11963,276],{},[49,11965,11967],{"className":51,"code":11966,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[20,11968,11969,12008,12024,12028,12048,12052,12071],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,11970,11971,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11999,12001,12003,12006],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,11972,11973],{"class":286},"settings ",[58,11975,290],{"class":77},[58,11977,8630],{"class":68},[58,11979,940],{"class":939},[58,11981,10639],{"class":943},[58,11983,940],{"class":939},[58,11985,973],{"class":68},[58,11987,1450],{"class":939},[58,11989,10648],{"class":943},[58,11991,940],{"class":939},[58,11993,1082],{"class":68},[58,11995,1450],{"class":939},[58,11997,11998],{"class":943},"font_size",[58,12000,940],{"class":939},[58,12002,973],{"class":68},[58,12004,12005],{"class":81}," 14",[58,12007,7447],{"class":68},[58,12009,12010,12013,12015,12018,12020,12022],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12011,12012],{"class":286},"settings_backup ",[58,12014,290],{"class":77},[58,12016,12017],{"class":286}," settings",[58,12019,499],{"class":68},[58,12021,11057],{"class":239},[58,12023,6779],{"class":68},[58,12025,12026],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,12027,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12029,12030,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,12031,12032],{"class":286},"settings",[58,12034,2016],{"class":68},[58,12036,940],{"class":939},[58,12038,11998],{"class":943},[58,12040,940],{"class":939},[58,12042,11420],{"class":68},[58,12044,11423],{"class":77},[58,12046,12047],{"class":81}," 16\n",[58,12049,12050],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,12051,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12053,12054,12056,12058,12060,12063,12065,12067,12069],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,12055,65],{"class":64},[58,12057,69],{"class":68},[58,12059,940],{"class":939},[58,12061,12062],{"class":943},"Current:",[58,12064,940],{"class":939},[58,12066,1082],{"class":68},[58,12068,12017],{"class":239},[58,12070,243],{"class":68},[58,12072,12073,12075,12077,12079,12082,12084,12086,12089],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,12074,65],{"class":64},[58,12076,69],{"class":68},[58,12078,940],{"class":939},[58,12080,12081],{"class":943},"Backup:",[58,12083,940],{"class":939},[58,12085,1082],{"class":68},[58,12087,12088],{"class":239}," settings_backup",[58,12090,243],{"class":68},[16,12092,12093],{},[1855,12094,132],{},[49,12096,12098],{"className":51,"code":12097,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[20,12099,12100,12138],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12101,12102,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121,12123,12125,12127,12129,12131,12133,12136],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12103,12104],{"class":286},"Current",[58,12106,973],{"class":68},[58,12108,8630],{"class":68},[58,12110,1396],{"class":939},[58,12112,10639],{"class":943},[58,12114,1396],{"class":939},[58,12116,973],{"class":68},[58,12118,1391],{"class":939},[58,12120,10648],{"class":943},[58,12122,1396],{"class":939},[58,12124,1082],{"class":68},[58,12126,1391],{"class":939},[58,12128,11998],{"class":943},[58,12130,1396],{"class":939},[58,12132,973],{"class":68},[58,12134,12135],{"class":81}," 16",[58,12137,7447],{"class":68},[58,12139,12140,12143,12145,12147,12149,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171,12173],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12141,12142],{"class":286},"Backup",[58,12144,973],{"class":68},[58,12146,8630],{"class":68},[58,12148,1396],{"class":939},[58,12150,10639],{"class":943},[58,12152,1396],{"class":939},[58,12154,973],{"class":68},[58,12156,1391],{"class":939},[58,12158,10648],{"class":943},[58,12160,1396],{"class":939},[58,12162,1082],{"class":68},[58,12164,1391],{"class":939},[58,12166,11998],{"class":943},[58,12168,1396],{"class":939},[58,12170,973],{"class":68},[58,12172,12005],{"class":81},[58,12174,7447],{"class":68},[16,12176,12177,12178,966,12184,499],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[374,12179,12181],{"href":12180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[20,12182,12183],{},"dict.update()",[374,12185,12186],{"href":10969},[20,12187,9469],{},[44,12189,12191,12193],{"id":12190},"copy-vs-assignment",[20,12192,10922],{}," vs assignment",[16,12195,12196],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[16,12198,6552,12199,12201,12202,12204],{},[20,12200,290],{}," does ",[1855,12203,2751],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[617,12206,12208],{"id":12207},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[49,12210,12212],{"className":51,"code":12211,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[20,12213,12214,12246,12255,12259,12279,12283,12301,12321],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12215,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12217,10230],{"class":286},[58,12219,290],{"class":77},[58,12221,8630],{"class":68},[58,12223,940],{"class":939},[58,12225,240],{"class":943},[58,12227,940],{"class":939},[58,12229,973],{"class":68},[58,12231,3623],{"class":81},[58,12233,1082],{"class":68},[58,12235,1450],{"class":939},[58,12237,9889],{"class":943},[58,12239,940],{"class":939},[58,12241,973],{"class":68},[58,12243,1085],{"class":81},[58,12245,7447],{"class":68},[58,12247,12248,12251,12253],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12249,12250],{"class":286},"assigned ",[58,12252,290],{"class":77},[58,12254,10268],{"class":286},[58,12256,12257],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,12258,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12260,12261,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274,12276],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,12262,12263],{"class":286},"assigned",[58,12265,2016],{"class":68},[58,12267,940],{"class":939},[58,12269,240],{"class":943},[58,12271,940],{"class":939},[58,12273,11420],{"class":68},[58,12275,11423],{"class":77},[58,12277,12278],{"class":81}," 99\n",[58,12280,12281],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,12282,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12284,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12299],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,12286,65],{"class":64},[58,12288,69],{"class":68},[58,12290,940],{"class":939},[58,12292,11441],{"class":943},[58,12294,940],{"class":939},[58,12296,1082],{"class":68},[58,12298,10305],{"class":239},[58,12300,243],{"class":68},[58,12302,12303,12305,12307,12309,12312,12314,12316,12319],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,12304,65],{"class":64},[58,12306,69],{"class":68},[58,12308,940],{"class":939},[58,12310,12311],{"class":943},"Assigned:",[58,12313,940],{"class":939},[58,12315,1082],{"class":68},[58,12317,12318],{"class":239}," assigned",[58,12320,243],{"class":68},[58,12322,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,12324,65],{"class":64},[58,12326,69],{"class":68},[58,12328,10230],{"class":239},[58,12330,10338],{"class":1991},[58,12332,12318],{"class":239},[58,12334,243],{"class":68},[16,12336,12337],{},[1855,12338,132],{},[49,12340,12342],{"className":51,"code":12341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[20,12343,12344,12376,12409],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12345,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12347,11483],{"class":286},[58,12349,973],{"class":68},[58,12351,8630],{"class":68},[58,12353,1396],{"class":939},[58,12355,240],{"class":943},[58,12357,1396],{"class":939},[58,12359,973],{"class":68},[58,12361,8336],{"class":81},[58,12363,1082],{"class":68},[58,12365,1391],{"class":939},[58,12367,9889],{"class":943},[58,12369,1396],{"class":939},[58,12371,973],{"class":68},[58,12373,1085],{"class":81},[58,12375,7447],{"class":68},[58,12377,12378,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391,12393,12395,12397,12399,12401,12403,12405,12407],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12379,12380],{"class":286},"Assigned",[58,12382,973],{"class":68},[58,12384,8630],{"class":68},[58,12386,1396],{"class":939},[58,12388,240],{"class":943},[58,12390,1396],{"class":939},[58,12392,973],{"class":68},[58,12394,8336],{"class":81},[58,12396,1082],{"class":68},[58,12398,1391],{"class":939},[58,12400,9889],{"class":943},[58,12402,1396],{"class":939},[58,12404,973],{"class":68},[58,12406,1085],{"class":81},[58,12408,7447],{"class":68},[58,12410,12411],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,12412,2096],{"class":1966},[617,12414,6552,12416],{"id":12415},"using-copy",[20,12417,10922],{},[49,12419,12421],{"className":51,"code":12420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[20,12422,12423,12455,12470,12474,12493,12497,12515,12535],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12424,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449,12451,12453],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12426,10230],{"class":286},[58,12428,290],{"class":77},[58,12430,8630],{"class":68},[58,12432,940],{"class":939},[58,12434,240],{"class":943},[58,12436,940],{"class":939},[58,12438,973],{"class":68},[58,12440,3623],{"class":81},[58,12442,1082],{"class":68},[58,12444,1450],{"class":939},[58,12446,9889],{"class":943},[58,12448,940],{"class":939},[58,12450,973],{"class":68},[58,12452,1085],{"class":81},[58,12454,7447],{"class":68},[58,12456,12457,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12458,12459],{"class":286},"copied ",[58,12461,290],{"class":77},[58,12463,10305],{"class":286},[58,12465,499],{"class":68},[58,12467,11057],{"class":239},[58,12469,6779],{"class":68},[58,12471,12472],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,12473,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12475,12476,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,12477,12478],{"class":286},"copied",[58,12480,2016],{"class":68},[58,12482,940],{"class":939},[58,12484,240],{"class":943},[58,12486,940],{"class":939},[58,12488,11420],{"class":68},[58,12490,11423],{"class":77},[58,12492,12278],{"class":81},[58,12494,12495],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,12496,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12498,12499,12501,12503,12505,12507,12509,12511,12513],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,12500,65],{"class":64},[58,12502,69],{"class":68},[58,12504,940],{"class":939},[58,12506,11441],{"class":943},[58,12508,940],{"class":939},[58,12510,1082],{"class":68},[58,12512,10305],{"class":239},[58,12514,243],{"class":68},[58,12516,12517,12519,12521,12523,12526,12528,12530,12533],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,12518,65],{"class":64},[58,12520,69],{"class":68},[58,12522,940],{"class":939},[58,12524,12525],{"class":943},"Copied:",[58,12527,940],{"class":939},[58,12529,1082],{"class":68},[58,12531,12532],{"class":239}," copied",[58,12534,243],{"class":68},[58,12536,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,12538,65],{"class":64},[58,12540,69],{"class":68},[58,12542,10230],{"class":239},[58,12544,10338],{"class":1991},[58,12546,12532],{"class":239},[58,12548,243],{"class":68},[16,12550,12551],{},[1855,12552,132],{},[49,12554,12556],{"className":51,"code":12555,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[20,12557,12558,12590,12623],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12559,12560,12562,12564,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12561,11483],{"class":286},[58,12563,973],{"class":68},[58,12565,8630],{"class":68},[58,12567,1396],{"class":939},[58,12569,240],{"class":943},[58,12571,1396],{"class":939},[58,12573,973],{"class":68},[58,12575,3623],{"class":81},[58,12577,1082],{"class":68},[58,12579,1391],{"class":939},[58,12581,9889],{"class":943},[58,12583,1396],{"class":939},[58,12585,973],{"class":68},[58,12587,1085],{"class":81},[58,12589,7447],{"class":68},[58,12591,12592,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607,12609,12611,12613,12615,12617,12619,12621],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12593,12594],{"class":286},"Copied",[58,12596,973],{"class":68},[58,12598,8630],{"class":68},[58,12600,1396],{"class":939},[58,12602,240],{"class":943},[58,12604,1396],{"class":939},[58,12606,973],{"class":68},[58,12608,8336],{"class":81},[58,12610,1082],{"class":68},[58,12612,1391],{"class":939},[58,12614,9889],{"class":943},[58,12616,1396],{"class":939},[58,12618,973],{"class":68},[58,12620,1085],{"class":81},[58,12622,7447],{"class":68},[58,12624,12625],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,12626,2157],{"class":1966},[16,12628,12629],{},"Summary:",[28,12631,12632,12638],{},[31,12633,12634,12637],{},[20,12635,12636],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[31,12639,12640,12643],{},[20,12641,12642],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[44,12645,12647],{"id":12646},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[16,12649,12650,973],{},[20,12651,10922],{},[28,12653,12654,12657,12660,12663],{},[31,12655,12656],{},"Returns a dictionary",[31,12658,12659],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[31,12661,12662],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[31,12664,12665],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[16,12667,276],{},[49,12669,12671],{"className":51,"code":12670,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[20,12672,12673,12705,12721,12725,12743,12763,12767,12785],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12674,12675,12677,12679,12681,12683,12685,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701,12703],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12676,7303],{"class":286},[58,12678,290],{"class":77},[58,12680,8630],{"class":68},[58,12682,940],{"class":939},[58,12684,374],{"class":943},[58,12686,940],{"class":939},[58,12688,973],{"class":68},[58,12690,3623],{"class":81},[58,12692,1082],{"class":68},[58,12694,1450],{"class":939},[58,12696,2882],{"class":943},[58,12698,940],{"class":939},[58,12700,973],{"class":68},[58,12702,1085],{"class":81},[58,12704,7447],{"class":68},[58,12706,12707,12710,12712,12715,12717,12719],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12708,12709],{"class":286},"data_copy ",[58,12711,290],{"class":77},[58,12713,12714],{"class":286}," data",[58,12716,499],{"class":68},[58,12718,11057],{"class":239},[58,12720,6779],{"class":68},[58,12722,12723],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,12724,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12726,12727,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,12728,7342],{"class":286},[58,12730,2016],{"class":68},[58,12732,940],{"class":939},[58,12734,374],{"class":943},[58,12736,940],{"class":939},[58,12738,11420],{"class":68},[58,12740,11423],{"class":77},[58,12742,670],{"class":81},[58,12744,12745,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,12746,12747],{"class":286},"data_copy",[58,12749,2016],{"class":68},[58,12751,940],{"class":939},[58,12753,2882],{"class":943},[58,12755,940],{"class":939},[58,12757,11420],{"class":68},[58,12759,11423],{"class":77},[58,12761,12762],{"class":81}," 20\n",[58,12764,12765],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,12766,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,12768,12769,12771,12773,12775,12777,12779,12781,12783],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,12770,65],{"class":64},[58,12772,69],{"class":68},[58,12774,940],{"class":939},[58,12776,11441],{"class":943},[58,12778,940],{"class":939},[58,12780,1082],{"class":68},[58,12782,12714],{"class":239},[58,12784,243],{"class":68},[58,12786,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12802],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,12788,65],{"class":64},[58,12790,69],{"class":68},[58,12792,940],{"class":939},[58,12794,11460],{"class":943},[58,12796,940],{"class":939},[58,12798,1082],{"class":68},[58,12800,12801],{"class":239}," data_copy",[58,12803,243],{"class":68},[16,12805,12806],{},[1855,12807,132],{},[49,12809,12811],{"className":51,"code":12810,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[20,12812,12813,12845],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12814,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12816,11483],{"class":286},[58,12818,973],{"class":68},[58,12820,8630],{"class":68},[58,12822,1396],{"class":939},[58,12824,374],{"class":943},[58,12826,1396],{"class":939},[58,12828,973],{"class":68},[58,12830,4131],{"class":81},[58,12832,1082],{"class":68},[58,12834,1391],{"class":939},[58,12836,2882],{"class":943},[58,12838,1396],{"class":939},[58,12840,973],{"class":68},[58,12842,1085],{"class":81},[58,12844,7447],{"class":68},[58,12846,12847,12849,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12848,11520],{"class":286},[58,12850,973],{"class":68},[58,12852,8630],{"class":68},[58,12854,1396],{"class":939},[58,12856,374],{"class":943},[58,12858,1396],{"class":939},[58,12860,973],{"class":68},[58,12862,3623],{"class":81},[58,12864,1082],{"class":68},[58,12866,1391],{"class":939},[58,12868,2882],{"class":943},[58,12870,1396],{"class":939},[58,12872,973],{"class":68},[58,12874,5922],{"class":81},[58,12876,7447],{"class":68},[44,12878,914],{"id":913},[16,12880,12881,12882,973],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[20,12883,10579],{},[28,12885,12886,12893,12898,12903],{},[31,12887,6552,12888,9233,12890,12892],{},[20,12889,290],{},[20,12891,10922],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[31,12894,2699,12895,12897],{},[20,12896,10922],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[31,12899,12900,12901],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[20,12902,10922],{},[31,12904,12905],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[16,12907,12908],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[49,12910,12912],{"className":51,"code":12911,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[20,12913,12914,12924,12934,12948,12971,12994],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,12915,12916,12918,12920,12922],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,12917,65],{"class":64},[58,12919,69],{"class":68},[58,12921,10277],{"class":239},[58,12923,243],{"class":68},[58,12925,12926,12928,12930,12932],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,12927,65],{"class":64},[58,12929,69],{"class":68},[58,12931,12478],{"class":239},[58,12933,243],{"class":68},[58,12935,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,12937,65],{"class":64},[58,12939,69],{"class":68},[58,12941,10230],{"class":239},[58,12943,10338],{"class":1991},[58,12945,12532],{"class":239},[58,12947,243],{"class":68},[58,12949,12950,12952,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12965,12967,12969],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,12951,65],{"class":64},[58,12953,69],{"class":68},[58,12955,10794],{"class":64},[58,12957,69],{"class":68},[58,12959,10277],{"class":239},[58,12961,7371],{"class":68},[58,12963,12964],{"class":64}," id",[58,12966,69],{"class":68},[58,12968,12478],{"class":239},[58,12970,85],{"class":68},[58,12972,12973,12975,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12990,12992],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,12974,65],{"class":64},[58,12976,69],{"class":68},[58,12978,10794],{"class":64},[58,12980,69],{"class":68},[58,12982,10277],{"class":239},[58,12984,2016],{"class":68},[58,12986,940],{"class":939},[58,12988,12989],{"class":943},"key",[58,12991,940],{"class":939},[58,12993,1092],{"class":68},[58,12995,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,12997,65],{"class":64},[58,12999,69],{"class":68},[58,13001,10794],{"class":64},[58,13003,69],{"class":68},[58,13005,12478],{"class":239},[58,13007,2016],{"class":68},[58,13009,940],{"class":939},[58,13011,12989],{"class":943},[58,13013,940],{"class":939},[58,13015,1092],{"class":68},[16,13017,13018],{},"What these help you check:",[28,13020,13021,13024,13027],{},[31,13022,13023],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[31,13025,13026],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[31,13028,13029],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[16,13031,13032,13033,499],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[374,13034,13036],{"href":13035},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[44,13038,1555],{"id":1554},[617,13040,10849,13042,13044],{"id":13041},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[20,13043,10579],{}," change the original dictionary?",[16,13046,13047],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[617,13049,13051,13052,13054],{"id":13050},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[20,13053,10579],{}," a deep copy?",[16,13056,13057],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[617,13059,3303,13061,2512,13063,573],{"id":13060},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[20,13062,10922],{},[20,13064,290],{},[16,13066,13067,13069,13070,13072],{},[20,13068,10922],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[20,13071,290],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[617,13074,13076],{"id":13075},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[16,13078,13079],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[44,13081,1603],{"id":1602},[28,13083,13084,13088,13092,13096,13103,13109],{},[31,13085,13086],{},[374,13087,9384],{"href":11172},[31,13089,13090],{},[374,13091,7293],{"href":11169},[31,13093,13094],{},[374,13095,11938],{"href":11937},[31,13097,13098],{},[374,13099,8877,13100,8881],{"href":12180},[20,13101,13102],{},"update()",[31,13104,13105],{},[374,13106,8877,13107,8881],{"href":10969},[20,13108,9463],{},[31,13110,13111],{},[374,13112,13113],{"href":13035},"How to copy a list in Python",[1635,13115,13116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":13118},[13119,13120,13122,13123,13124,13125,13127,13133,13134,13135,13144],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":11141,"depth":88,"text":13121},"What the copy() method does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":11580,"depth":88,"text":11581},{"id":11941,"depth":88,"text":13126},"When to use copy()",{"id":12190,"depth":88,"text":13128,"children":13129},"copy() vs assignment",[13130,13131],{"id":12207,"depth":104,"text":12208},{"id":12415,"depth":104,"text":13132},"Using copy()",{"id":12646,"depth":88,"text":12647},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":13136},[13137,13139,13141,13143],{"id":13041,"depth":104,"text":13138},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":13050,"depth":104,"text":13140},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":13060,"depth":104,"text":13142},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":13075,"depth":104,"text":13076},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":10975,"description":13145},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":13152,"title":13153,"body":13154,"description":15353,"extension":1667,"meta":15354,"navigation":318,"path":11172,"seo":15355,"stem":15356,"__hash__":15357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":9,"value":13155,"toc":15315},[13156,13159,13165,13174,13176,13252,13256,13305,13308,13312,13326,13329,13333,13346,13349,13382,13396,13399,13411,13415,13418,13426,13506,13510,13563,13567,13585,13587,13669,13672,13674,13677,13680,13703,13727,13731,13739,13742,13746,13755,13760,13818,13822,13855,13861,13867,13870,13925,13929,13979,13982,13988,13991,13999,14001,14046,14051,14060,14063,14066,14113,14115,14120,14123,14217,14221,14274,14277,14333,14336,14340,14343,14357,14361,14427,14431,14456,14459,14463,14541,14545,14548,14551,14571,14574,14627,14631,14634,14637,14650,14652,14741,14748,14751,14762,14764,14767,14787,14791,14794,14803,14806,14845,14849,14851,14860,14869,14871,14909,14913,14960,14964,14985,14989,14992,15104,15109,15207,15229,15231,15235,15242,15246,15252,15256,15259,15263,15266,15273,15281,15283,15309,15312],[12,13157,13153],{"id":13158},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[16,13160,13161,13162,13164],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[1855,13163,7269],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[16,13166,13167,13168,966,13170,499],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[374,13169,7293],{"href":7292},[374,13171,13173],{"href":13172},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[44,13175,47],{"id":46},[49,13177,13179],{"className":51,"code":13178,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[20,13180,13181,13189,13207,13221,13234,13238,13242],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13182,13183,13185,13187],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13184,11009],{"class":286},[58,13186,290],{"class":77},[58,13188,9636],{"class":68},[58,13190,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13192,9641],{"class":939},[58,13194,5799],{"class":943},[58,13196,940],{"class":939},[58,13198,973],{"class":68},[58,13200,1450],{"class":939},[58,13202,11026],{"class":943},[58,13204,940],{"class":939},[58,13206,9657],{"class":68},[58,13208,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,13210,9641],{"class":939},[58,13212,7437],{"class":943},[58,13214,940],{"class":939},[58,13216,973],{"class":68},[58,13218,5922],{"class":81},[58,13220,9657],{"class":68},[58,13222,13223,13225,13228,13230,13232],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,13224,9641],{"class":939},[58,13226,13227],{"class":943},"is_active",[58,13229,940],{"class":939},[58,13231,973],{"class":68},[58,13233,4551],{"class":1966},[58,13235,13236],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,13237,7447],{"class":68},[58,13239,13240],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,13241,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,13243,13244,13246,13248,13250],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,13245,65],{"class":64},[58,13247,69],{"class":68},[58,13249,11773],{"class":239},[58,13251,243],{"class":68},[16,13253,13254],{},[1855,13255,132],{},[49,13257,13259],{"className":51,"code":13258,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[20,13260,13261],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13262,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13264,7416],{"class":68},[58,13266,1396],{"class":939},[58,13268,5799],{"class":943},[58,13270,1396],{"class":939},[58,13272,973],{"class":68},[58,13274,1391],{"class":939},[58,13276,11026],{"class":943},[58,13278,1396],{"class":939},[58,13280,1082],{"class":68},[58,13282,1391],{"class":939},[58,13284,7437],{"class":943},[58,13286,1396],{"class":939},[58,13288,973],{"class":68},[58,13290,5922],{"class":81},[58,13292,1082],{"class":68},[58,13294,1391],{"class":939},[58,13296,13227],{"class":943},[58,13298,1396],{"class":939},[58,13300,973],{"class":68},[58,13302,2032],{"class":1966},[58,13304,7447],{"class":68},[16,13306,13307],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[44,13309,13311],{"id":13310},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[28,13313,13314,13317,13320,13323],{},[31,13315,13316],{},"What a dictionary is",[31,13318,13319],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[31,13321,13322],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[31,13324,13325],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[44,13327,13316],{"id":13328},"what-a-dictionary-is",[16,13330,7266,13331,499],{},[1855,13332,7269],{},[28,13334,13335,13341],{},[31,13336,13337,13338,13340],{},"A ",[1855,13339,12989],{}," is the label",[31,13342,13337,13343,13345],{},[1855,13344,553],{}," is the data connected to that label",[16,13347,13348],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[49,13350,13352],{"className":51,"code":13351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[20,13353,13354,13362,13378],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13355,13356,13358,13360],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13357,11009],{"class":286},[58,13359,290],{"class":77},[58,13361,9636],{"class":68},[58,13363,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13365,9641],{"class":939},[58,13367,5799],{"class":943},[58,13369,940],{"class":939},[58,13371,973],{"class":68},[58,13373,1450],{"class":939},[58,13375,11026],{"class":943},[58,13377,1456],{"class":939},[58,13379,13380],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,13381,7447],{"class":68},[28,13383,13384,13390],{},[31,13385,13386,13389],{},[20,13387,13388],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[31,13391,13392,13395],{},[20,13393,13394],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[16,13397,13398],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[28,13400,13401,13403,13405,13408],{},[31,13402,5799],{},[31,13404,7437],{},[31,13406,13407],{},"email",[31,13409,13410],{},"country",[44,13412,13414],{"id":13413},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[16,13416,13417],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[16,13419,155,13420,13422,13423,499],{},[20,13421,1905],{}," and write each item as ",[20,13424,13425],{},"key: value",[49,13427,13429],{"className":51,"code":13428,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[20,13430,13431,13439,13457,13471,13488,13492,13496],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13432,13433,13435,13437],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13434,11009],{"class":286},[58,13436,290],{"class":77},[58,13438,9636],{"class":68},[58,13440,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13442,9641],{"class":939},[58,13444,5799],{"class":943},[58,13446,940],{"class":939},[58,13448,973],{"class":68},[58,13450,1450],{"class":939},[58,13452,11026],{"class":943},[58,13454,940],{"class":939},[58,13456,9657],{"class":68},[58,13458,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,13460,9641],{"class":939},[58,13462,7437],{"class":943},[58,13464,940],{"class":939},[58,13466,973],{"class":68},[58,13468,5922],{"class":81},[58,13470,9657],{"class":68},[58,13472,13473,13475,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,13474,9641],{"class":939},[58,13476,13477],{"class":943},"course",[58,13479,940],{"class":939},[58,13481,973],{"class":68},[58,13483,1450],{"class":939},[58,13485,5427],{"class":943},[58,13487,1456],{"class":939},[58,13489,13490],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,13491,7447],{"class":68},[58,13493,13494],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,13495,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,13497,13498,13500,13502,13504],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,13499,65],{"class":64},[58,13501,69],{"class":68},[58,13503,11773],{"class":239},[58,13505,243],{"class":68},[16,13507,13508],{},[1855,13509,132],{},[49,13511,13513],{"className":51,"code":13512,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[20,13514,13515],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13516,13517,13519,13521,13523,13525,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13518,7416],{"class":68},[58,13520,1396],{"class":939},[58,13522,5799],{"class":943},[58,13524,1396],{"class":939},[58,13526,973],{"class":68},[58,13528,1391],{"class":939},[58,13530,11026],{"class":943},[58,13532,1396],{"class":939},[58,13534,1082],{"class":68},[58,13536,1391],{"class":939},[58,13538,7437],{"class":943},[58,13540,1396],{"class":939},[58,13542,973],{"class":68},[58,13544,5922],{"class":81},[58,13546,1082],{"class":68},[58,13548,1391],{"class":939},[58,13550,13477],{"class":943},[58,13552,1396],{"class":939},[58,13554,973],{"class":68},[58,13556,1391],{"class":939},[58,13558,5427],{"class":943},[58,13560,1396],{"class":939},[58,13562,7447],{"class":68},[617,13564,13566],{"id":13565},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[28,13568,13569,13574,13579,13582],{},[31,13570,155,13571,13573],{},[20,13572,1905],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[31,13575,13576,13577],{},"Write each item as ",[20,13578,13425],{},[31,13580,13581],{},"Separate items with commas",[31,13583,13584],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[16,13586,276],{},[49,13588,13590],{"className":51,"code":13589,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[20,13591,13592,13601,13621,13637,13650,13654,13658],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13593,13594,13597,13599],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13595,13596],{"class":286},"book ",[58,13598,290],{"class":77},[58,13600,9636],{"class":68},[58,13602,13603,13605,13608,13610,13612,13614,13617,13619],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13604,9641],{"class":939},[58,13606,13607],{"class":943},"title",[58,13609,940],{"class":939},[58,13611,973],{"class":68},[58,13613,1450],{"class":939},[58,13615,13616],{"class":943},"Python Basics",[58,13618,940],{"class":939},[58,13620,9657],{"class":68},[58,13622,13623,13625,13628,13630,13632,13635],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,13624,9641],{"class":939},[58,13626,13627],{"class":943},"pages",[58,13629,940],{"class":939},[58,13631,973],{"class":68},[58,13633,13634],{"class":81}," 150",[58,13636,9657],{"class":68},[58,13638,13639,13641,13644,13646,13648],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,13640,9641],{"class":939},[58,13642,13643],{"class":943},"available",[58,13645,940],{"class":939},[58,13647,973],{"class":68},[58,13649,4551],{"class":1966},[58,13651,13652],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,13653,7447],{"class":68},[58,13655,13656],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,13657,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,13659,13660,13662,13664,13667],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,13661,65],{"class":64},[58,13663,69],{"class":68},[58,13665,13666],{"class":239},"book",[58,13668,243],{"class":68},[16,13670,13671],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[44,13673,7541],{"id":7540},[16,13675,13676],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[16,13678,13679],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[49,13681,13683],{"className":51,"code":13682,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[20,13684,13685,13693],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13686,13687,13689,13691],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13688,7303],{"class":286},[58,13690,290],{"class":77},[58,13692,7977],{"class":68},[58,13694,13695,13697,13699,13701],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13696,65],{"class":64},[58,13698,69],{"class":68},[58,13700,7342],{"class":239},[58,13702,243],{"class":68},[49,13704,13705],{"className":51,"code":7544,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,13706,13707,13717],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13708,13709,13711,13713,13715],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13710,7303],{"class":286},[58,13712,290],{"class":77},[58,13714,7308],{"class":991},[58,13716,6779],{"class":68},[58,13718,13719,13721,13723,13725],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13720,65],{"class":64},[58,13722,69],{"class":68},[58,13724,7342],{"class":239},[58,13726,243],{"class":68},[16,13728,13729],{},[1855,13730,132],{},[49,13732,13733],{"className":51,"code":7573,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,13734,13735],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13736,13737],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13738,7573],{"class":68},[16,13740,13741],{},"Both are correct.",[617,13743,13745],{"id":13744},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[16,13747,13748,13750,13751,13754],{},[20,13749,1905],{}," creates an empty ",[1855,13752,13753],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[16,13756,13757,13758,499],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[20,13759,1910],{},[49,13761,13763],{"className":51,"code":13762,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[20,13764,13765,13773,13785,13789,13803],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13766,13767,13769,13771],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13768,9868],{"class":286},[58,13770,290],{"class":77},[58,13772,7977],{"class":68},[58,13774,13775,13778,13780,13783],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13776,13777],{"class":286},"my_set ",[58,13779,290],{"class":77},[58,13781,13782],{"class":991}," set",[58,13784,6779],{"class":68},[58,13786,13787],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,13788,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,13790,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,13792,65],{"class":64},[58,13794,69],{"class":68},[58,13796,1316],{"class":991},[58,13798,69],{"class":68},[58,13800,9592],{"class":239},[58,13802,85],{"class":68},[58,13804,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13816],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,13806,65],{"class":64},[58,13808,69],{"class":68},[58,13810,1316],{"class":991},[58,13812,69],{"class":68},[58,13814,13815],{"class":239},"my_set",[58,13817,85],{"class":68},[16,13819,13820],{},[1855,13821,132],{},[49,13823,13825],{"className":51,"code":13824,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[20,13826,13827,13841],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13828,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13830,1385],{"class":77},[58,13832,1388],{"class":126},[58,13834,1391],{"class":939},[58,13836,6958],{"class":943},[58,13838,1396],{"class":939},[58,13840,1399],{"class":77},[58,13842,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13844,1385],{"class":77},[58,13846,1388],{"class":126},[58,13848,1391],{"class":939},[58,13850,4414],{"class":943},[58,13852,1396],{"class":939},[58,13854,1399],{"class":77},[44,13856,13858,13859],{"id":13857},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[20,13860,7257],{},[16,13862,13863,13864,13866],{},"You can also use ",[20,13865,7257],{}," to create a dictionary.",[16,13868,13869],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[49,13871,13873],{"className":51,"code":13872,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[20,13874,13875,13915],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13876,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13904,13906,13909,13911,13913],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13878,11009],{"class":286},[58,13880,290],{"class":77},[58,13882,7308],{"class":991},[58,13884,69],{"class":68},[58,13886,5799],{"class":7313},[58,13888,290],{"class":77},[58,13890,940],{"class":939},[58,13892,11026],{"class":943},[58,13894,940],{"class":939},[58,13896,1082],{"class":68},[58,13898,7326],{"class":7313},[58,13900,290],{"class":77},[58,13902,13903],{"class":81},"20",[58,13905,1082],{"class":68},[58,13907,13908],{"class":7313}," active",[58,13910,290],{"class":77},[58,13912,1710],{"class":1966},[58,13914,243],{"class":68},[58,13916,13917,13919,13921,13923],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,13918,65],{"class":64},[58,13920,69],{"class":68},[58,13922,11773],{"class":239},[58,13924,243],{"class":68},[16,13926,13927],{},[1855,13928,132],{},[49,13930,13932],{"className":51,"code":13931,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[20,13933,13934],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,13935,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13971,13973,13975,13977],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,13937,7416],{"class":68},[58,13939,1396],{"class":939},[58,13941,5799],{"class":943},[58,13943,1396],{"class":939},[58,13945,973],{"class":68},[58,13947,1391],{"class":939},[58,13949,11026],{"class":943},[58,13951,1396],{"class":939},[58,13953,1082],{"class":68},[58,13955,1391],{"class":939},[58,13957,7437],{"class":943},[58,13959,1396],{"class":939},[58,13961,973],{"class":68},[58,13963,5922],{"class":81},[58,13965,1082],{"class":68},[58,13967,1391],{"class":939},[58,13969,13970],{"class":943},"active",[58,13972,1396],{"class":939},[58,13974,973],{"class":68},[58,13976,2032],{"class":1966},[58,13978,7447],{"class":68},[16,13980,13981],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[617,13983,13985,13986],{"id":13984},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[20,13987,7257],{},[16,13989,13990],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[28,13992,13993,13996],{},[31,13994,13995],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[31,13997,13998],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[16,14000,4817],{},[49,14002,14004],{"className":51,"code":14003,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[20,14005,14006,14036],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14007,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032,14034],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14009,9631],{"class":286},[58,14011,290],{"class":77},[58,14013,7308],{"class":991},[58,14015,69],{"class":68},[58,14017,5799],{"class":7313},[58,14019,290],{"class":77},[58,14021,940],{"class":939},[58,14023,5808],{"class":943},[58,14025,940],{"class":939},[58,14027,1082],{"class":68},[58,14029,7326],{"class":7313},[58,14031,290],{"class":77},[58,14033,7331],{"class":81},[58,14035,243],{"class":68},[58,14037,14038,14040,14042,14044],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14039,65],{"class":64},[58,14041,69],{"class":68},[58,14043,9725],{"class":239},[58,14045,243],{"class":68},[16,14047,2748,14048,14050],{},[1855,14049,2751],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[49,14052,14054],{"className":51,"code":14053,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[20,14055,14056],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14057,14058],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14059,14053],{"class":1773},[16,14061,14062],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[16,14064,14065],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[49,14067,14069],{"className":51,"code":14068,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[20,14070,14071,14079,14095,14099,14103],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14072,14073,14075,14077],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14074,9631],{"class":286},[58,14076,290],{"class":77},[58,14078,9636],{"class":68},[58,14080,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14082,9641],{"class":939},[58,14084,8635],{"class":943},[58,14086,940],{"class":939},[58,14088,973],{"class":68},[58,14090,1450],{"class":939},[58,14092,5808],{"class":943},[58,14094,1456],{"class":939},[58,14096,14097],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,14098,7447],{"class":68},[58,14100,14101],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,14102,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,14104,14105,14107,14109,14111],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,14106,65],{"class":64},[58,14108,69],{"class":68},[58,14110,9725],{"class":239},[58,14112,243],{"class":68},[44,14114,7583],{"id":7582},[16,14116,14117,14119],{},[20,14118,7257],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[16,14121,14122],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[49,14124,14126],{"className":51,"code":14125,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[20,14127,14128,14185,14189,14203,14207],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14129,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14181,14183],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14131,7353],{"class":286},[58,14133,290],{"class":77},[58,14135,7358],{"class":68},[58,14137,940],{"class":939},[58,14139,5799],{"class":943},[58,14141,940],{"class":939},[58,14143,1082],{"class":68},[58,14145,1450],{"class":939},[58,14147,11026],{"class":943},[58,14149,940],{"class":939},[58,14151,7371],{"class":68},[58,14153,7374],{"class":68},[58,14155,940],{"class":939},[58,14157,7437],{"class":943},[58,14159,940],{"class":939},[58,14161,1082],{"class":68},[58,14163,5922],{"class":81},[58,14165,7371],{"class":68},[58,14167,7374],{"class":68},[58,14169,940],{"class":939},[58,14171,8548],{"class":943},[58,14173,940],{"class":939},[58,14175,1082],{"class":68},[58,14177,1450],{"class":939},[58,14179,14180],{"class":943},"Lima",[58,14182,940],{"class":939},[58,14184,7387],{"class":68},[58,14186,14187],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14188,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,14190,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,14192,11009],{"class":286},[58,14194,290],{"class":77},[58,14196,7308],{"class":991},[58,14198,69],{"class":68},[58,14200,7400],{"class":239},[58,14202,243],{"class":68},[58,14204,14205],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,14206,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,14208,14209,14211,14213,14215],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,14210,65],{"class":64},[58,14212,69],{"class":68},[58,14214,11773],{"class":239},[58,14216,243],{"class":68},[16,14218,14219],{},[1855,14220,132],{},[49,14222,14224],{"className":51,"code":14223,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,14225,14226],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14227,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14229,7416],{"class":68},[58,14231,1396],{"class":939},[58,14233,5799],{"class":943},[58,14235,1396],{"class":939},[58,14237,973],{"class":68},[58,14239,1391],{"class":939},[58,14241,11026],{"class":943},[58,14243,1396],{"class":939},[58,14245,1082],{"class":68},[58,14247,1391],{"class":939},[58,14249,7437],{"class":943},[58,14251,1396],{"class":939},[58,14253,973],{"class":68},[58,14255,5922],{"class":81},[58,14257,1082],{"class":68},[58,14259,1391],{"class":939},[58,14261,8548],{"class":943},[58,14263,1396],{"class":939},[58,14265,973],{"class":68},[58,14267,1391],{"class":939},[58,14269,14180],{"class":943},[58,14271,1396],{"class":939},[58,14273,7447],{"class":68},[16,14275,14276],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[49,14278,14280],{"className":51,"code":14279,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[20,14281,14282,14323],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14283,14284,14286,14288,14290,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14285,11009],{"class":286},[58,14287,290],{"class":77},[58,14289,7308],{"class":991},[58,14291,14292],{"class":68},"(((",[58,14294,940],{"class":939},[58,14296,5799],{"class":943},[58,14298,940],{"class":939},[58,14300,1082],{"class":68},[58,14302,1450],{"class":939},[58,14304,11026],{"class":943},[58,14306,940],{"class":939},[58,14308,7371],{"class":68},[58,14310,7374],{"class":68},[58,14312,940],{"class":939},[58,14314,7437],{"class":943},[58,14316,940],{"class":939},[58,14318,1082],{"class":68},[58,14320,5922],{"class":81},[58,14322,1002],{"class":68},[58,14324,14325,14327,14329,14331],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14326,65],{"class":64},[58,14328,69],{"class":68},[58,14330,11773],{"class":239},[58,14332,243],{"class":68},[16,14334,14335],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[44,14337,14339],{"id":14338},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[16,14341,14342],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[28,14344,14345,14348,14351,14354],{},[31,14346,14347],{},"Keys must be unique",[31,14349,14350],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[31,14352,14353],{},"Values can repeat",[31,14355,14356],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[617,14358,14360],{"id":14359},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[49,14362,14364],{"className":51,"code":14363,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[20,14365,14366,14374,14392,14409,14413,14417],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14367,14368,14370,14372],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14369,7303],{"class":286},[58,14371,290],{"class":77},[58,14373,9636],{"class":68},[58,14375,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14377,9641],{"class":939},[58,14379,5799],{"class":943},[58,14381,940],{"class":939},[58,14383,973],{"class":68},[58,14385,1450],{"class":939},[58,14387,11026],{"class":943},[58,14389,940],{"class":939},[58,14391,9657],{"class":68},[58,14393,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14407],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,14395,9641],{"class":939},[58,14397,5799],{"class":943},[58,14399,940],{"class":939},[58,14401,973],{"class":68},[58,14403,1450],{"class":939},[58,14405,14406],{"class":943},"Maria",[58,14408,1456],{"class":939},[58,14410,14411],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,14412,7447],{"class":68},[58,14414,14415],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,14416,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,14418,14419,14421,14423,14425],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,14420,65],{"class":64},[58,14422,69],{"class":68},[58,14424,7342],{"class":239},[58,14426,243],{"class":68},[16,14428,14429],{},[1855,14430,132],{},[49,14432,14434],{"className":51,"code":14433,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[20,14435,14436],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14437,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14439,7416],{"class":68},[58,14441,1396],{"class":939},[58,14443,5799],{"class":943},[58,14445,1396],{"class":939},[58,14447,973],{"class":68},[58,14449,1391],{"class":939},[58,14451,14406],{"class":943},[58,14453,1396],{"class":939},[58,14455,7447],{"class":68},[16,14457,14458],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[617,14460,14462],{"id":14461},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[49,14464,14466],{"className":51,"code":14465,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[20,14467,14468,14476,14492,14508,14522,14526,14530],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14469,14470,14472,14474],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14471,3186],{"class":286},[58,14473,290],{"class":77},[58,14475,9636],{"class":68},[58,14477,14478,14481,14483,14485,14488,14490],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14479,14480],{"class":81},"    1",[58,14482,973],{"class":68},[58,14484,1450],{"class":939},[58,14486,14487],{"class":943},"low",[58,14489,940],{"class":939},[58,14491,9657],{"class":68},[58,14493,14494,14497,14499,14501,14504,14506],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,14495,14496],{"class":81},"    2",[58,14498,973],{"class":68},[58,14500,1450],{"class":939},[58,14502,14503],{"class":943},"medium",[58,14505,940],{"class":939},[58,14507,9657],{"class":68},[58,14509,14510,14513,14515,14517,14520],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,14511,14512],{"class":81},"    3",[58,14514,973],{"class":68},[58,14516,1450],{"class":939},[58,14518,14519],{"class":943},"high",[58,14521,1456],{"class":939},[58,14523,14524],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,14525,7447],{"class":68},[58,14527,14528],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,14529,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,14531,14532,14534,14536,14539],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,14533,65],{"class":64},[58,14535,69],{"class":68},[58,14537,14538],{"class":239},"scores",[58,14540,243],{"class":68},[617,14542,14544],{"id":14543},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[16,14546,14547],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[16,14549,14550],{},"This will cause an error:",[49,14552,14554],{"className":51,"code":14553,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[20,14555,14556,14561,14566],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14557,14558],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14559,14560],{"class":1773},"# bad = {\n",[58,14562,14563],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14564,14565],{"class":1773},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[58,14567,14568],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,14569,14570],{"class":1773},"# }\n",[16,14572,14573],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[49,14575,14577],{"className":51,"code":14576,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[20,14578,14579,14588,14608,14612,14616],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14580,14581,14584,14586],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14582,14583],{"class":286},"good ",[58,14585,290],{"class":77},[58,14587,9636],{"class":68},[58,14589,14590,14593,14595,14597,14599,14602,14604,14606],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14591,14592],{"class":68},"    (",[58,14594,1079],{"class":81},[58,14596,1082],{"class":68},[58,14598,1085],{"class":81},[58,14600,14601],{"class":68},"):",[58,14603,1450],{"class":939},[58,14605,1757],{"class":943},[58,14607,1456],{"class":939},[58,14609,14610],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,14611,7447],{"class":68},[58,14613,14614],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,14615,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,14617,14618,14620,14622,14625],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,14619,65],{"class":64},[58,14621,69],{"class":68},[58,14623,14624],{"class":239},"good",[58,14626,243],{"class":68},[44,14628,14630],{"id":14629},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[16,14632,14633],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[16,14635,14636],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[28,14638,14639,14642,14644,14647],{},[31,14640,14641],{},"user data",[31,14643,12032],{},[31,14645,14646],{},"counters",[31,14648,14649],{},"lookups",[16,14651,276],{},[49,14653,14655],{"className":51,"code":14654,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[20,14656,14657,14665,14684,14703,14715,14719,14723],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14658,14659,14661,14663],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14660,9631],{"class":286},[58,14662,290],{"class":77},[58,14664,9636],{"class":68},[58,14666,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14680,14682],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14668,9641],{"class":939},[58,14670,6118],{"class":943},[58,14672,940],{"class":939},[58,14674,973],{"class":68},[58,14676,1450],{"class":939},[58,14678,14679],{"class":943},"ana123",[58,14681,940],{"class":939},[58,14683,9657],{"class":68},[58,14685,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14699,14701],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,14687,9641],{"class":939},[58,14689,13407],{"class":943},[58,14691,940],{"class":939},[58,14693,973],{"class":68},[58,14695,1450],{"class":939},[58,14697,14698],{"class":943},"ana@example.com",[58,14700,940],{"class":939},[58,14702,9657],{"class":68},[58,14704,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,14706,9641],{"class":939},[58,14708,10659],{"class":943},[58,14710,940],{"class":939},[58,14712,973],{"class":68},[58,14714,4551],{"class":1966},[58,14716,14717],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,14718,7447],{"class":68},[58,14720,14721],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,14722,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,14724,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,14726,65],{"class":64},[58,14728,69],{"class":68},[58,14730,9725],{"class":239},[58,14732,2016],{"class":68},[58,14734,940],{"class":939},[58,14736,13407],{"class":943},[58,14738,940],{"class":939},[58,14740,2004],{"class":68},[16,14742,14743,14744,499],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[374,14745,14747],{"href":14746},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[16,14749,14750],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[28,14752,14753,14756,14759],{},[31,14754,14755],{},"labels are not needed",[31,14757,14758],{},"you mostly care about position",[31,14760,14761],{},"order matters more than named fields",[44,14763,914],{"id":913},[16,14765,14766],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[28,14768,14769,14772,14775,14778,14781],{},[31,14770,14771],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[31,14773,14774],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[31,14776,14777],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[31,14779,14780],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[31,14782,14783,14784,14786],{},"Mixing up ",[20,14785,1905],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[617,14788,14790],{"id":14789},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[16,14792,14793],{},"Wrong:",[49,14795,14797],{"className":51,"code":14796,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[20,14798,14799],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14800,14801],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14802,14796],{"class":1773},[16,14804,14805],{},"Correct:",[49,14807,14809],{"className":51,"code":14808,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[20,14810,14811,14835],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14812,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14814,11009],{"class":286},[58,14816,290],{"class":77},[58,14818,8630],{"class":68},[58,14820,940],{"class":939},[58,14822,5799],{"class":943},[58,14824,940],{"class":939},[58,14826,973],{"class":68},[58,14828,1450],{"class":939},[58,14830,11026],{"class":943},[58,14832,940],{"class":939},[58,14834,7447],{"class":68},[58,14836,14837,14839,14841,14843],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14838,65],{"class":64},[58,14840,69],{"class":68},[58,14842,11773],{"class":239},[58,14844,243],{"class":68},[617,14846,14848],{"id":14847},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[16,14850,14793],{},[49,14852,14854],{"className":51,"code":14853,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[20,14855,14856],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14857,14858],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14859,14853],{"class":1773},[16,14861,14862,14863,14865,14866,14868],{},"This only works if ",[20,14864,5799],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[20,14867,13388],{},", use quotes.",[16,14870,14805],{},[49,14872,14873],{"className":51,"code":14808,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,14874,14875,14899],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14876,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14878,11009],{"class":286},[58,14880,290],{"class":77},[58,14882,8630],{"class":68},[58,14884,940],{"class":939},[58,14886,5799],{"class":943},[58,14888,940],{"class":939},[58,14890,973],{"class":68},[58,14892,1450],{"class":939},[58,14894,11026],{"class":943},[58,14896,940],{"class":939},[58,14898,7447],{"class":68},[58,14900,14901,14903,14905,14907],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14902,65],{"class":64},[58,14904,69],{"class":68},[58,14906,11773],{"class":239},[58,14908,243],{"class":68},[617,14910,14912],{"id":14911},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[49,14914,14916],{"className":51,"code":14915,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[20,14917,14918,14950],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14919,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14921,7303],{"class":286},[58,14923,290],{"class":77},[58,14925,8630],{"class":68},[58,14927,940],{"class":939},[58,14929,7437],{"class":943},[58,14931,940],{"class":939},[58,14933,973],{"class":68},[58,14935,5922],{"class":81},[58,14937,1082],{"class":68},[58,14939,1450],{"class":939},[58,14941,7437],{"class":943},[58,14943,940],{"class":939},[58,14945,973],{"class":68},[58,14947,5927],{"class":81},[58,14949,7447],{"class":68},[58,14951,14952,14954,14956,14958],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,14953,65],{"class":64},[58,14955,69],{"class":68},[58,14957,7342],{"class":239},[58,14959,243],{"class":68},[16,14961,14962],{},[1855,14963,132],{},[49,14965,14967],{"className":51,"code":14966,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'age': 30}\n",[20,14968,14969],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14970,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,14972,7416],{"class":68},[58,14974,1396],{"class":939},[58,14976,7437],{"class":943},[58,14978,1396],{"class":939},[58,14980,973],{"class":68},[58,14982,5927],{"class":81},[58,14984,7447],{"class":68},[44,14986,14988],{"id":14987},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[16,14990,14991],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[49,14993,14995],{"className":51,"code":14994,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[20,14996,14997,15033,15037,15047,15061,15076,15090],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,14998,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029,15031],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15000,9868],{"class":286},[58,15002,290],{"class":77},[58,15004,8630],{"class":68},[58,15006,940],{"class":939},[58,15008,5799],{"class":943},[58,15010,940],{"class":939},[58,15012,973],{"class":68},[58,15014,1450],{"class":939},[58,15016,11026],{"class":943},[58,15018,940],{"class":939},[58,15020,1082],{"class":68},[58,15022,1450],{"class":939},[58,15024,7437],{"class":943},[58,15026,940],{"class":939},[58,15028,973],{"class":68},[58,15030,5922],{"class":81},[58,15032,7447],{"class":68},[58,15034,15035],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,15036,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,15038,15039,15041,15043,15045],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,15040,65],{"class":64},[58,15042,69],{"class":68},[58,15044,9592],{"class":239},[58,15046,243],{"class":68},[58,15048,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,15050,65],{"class":64},[58,15052,69],{"class":68},[58,15054,1316],{"class":991},[58,15056,69],{"class":68},[58,15058,9592],{"class":239},[58,15060,85],{"class":68},[58,15062,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071,15074],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,15064,65],{"class":64},[58,15066,69],{"class":68},[58,15068,9592],{"class":239},[58,15070,499],{"class":68},[58,15072,15073],{"class":239},"keys",[58,15075,5324],{"class":68},[58,15077,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,15079,65],{"class":64},[58,15081,69],{"class":68},[58,15083,9592],{"class":239},[58,15085,499],{"class":68},[58,15087,3483],{"class":239},[58,15089,5324],{"class":68},[58,15091,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,15093,65],{"class":64},[58,15095,69],{"class":68},[58,15097,9303],{"class":64},[58,15099,69],{"class":68},[58,15101,9592],{"class":239},[58,15103,85],{"class":68},[16,15105,15106],{},[1855,15107,15108],{},"Example output:",[49,15110,15112],{"className":51,"code":15111,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[20,15113,15114,15146,15160,15183,15202],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15115,15116,15118,15120,15122,15124,15126,15128,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142,15144],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15117,7416],{"class":68},[58,15119,1396],{"class":939},[58,15121,5799],{"class":943},[58,15123,1396],{"class":939},[58,15125,973],{"class":68},[58,15127,1391],{"class":939},[58,15129,11026],{"class":943},[58,15131,1396],{"class":939},[58,15133,1082],{"class":68},[58,15135,1391],{"class":939},[58,15137,7437],{"class":943},[58,15139,1396],{"class":939},[58,15141,973],{"class":68},[58,15143,5922],{"class":81},[58,15145,7447],{"class":68},[58,15147,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,15149,1385],{"class":77},[58,15151,1388],{"class":126},[58,15153,1391],{"class":939},[58,15155,6958],{"class":943},[58,15157,1396],{"class":939},[58,15159,1399],{"class":77},[58,15161,15162,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,15163,15164],{"class":239},"dict_keys",[58,15166,1076],{"class":68},[58,15168,1396],{"class":939},[58,15170,5799],{"class":943},[58,15172,1396],{"class":939},[58,15174,1082],{"class":68},[58,15176,1391],{"class":939},[58,15178,7437],{"class":943},[58,15180,1396],{"class":939},[58,15182,2004],{"class":68},[58,15184,15185,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196,15198,15200],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,15186,15187],{"class":239},"dict_values",[58,15189,1076],{"class":68},[58,15191,1396],{"class":939},[58,15193,11026],{"class":943},[58,15195,1396],{"class":939},[58,15197,1082],{"class":68},[58,15199,5922],{"class":81},[58,15201,2004],{"class":68},[58,15203,15204],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,15205,15206],{"class":81},"2\n",[16,15208,15209,15210,257,15216,15222,15223,499],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[374,15211,8877,15213],{"href":15212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[20,15214,15215],{},"keys()",[374,15217,8877,15219],{"href":15218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[20,15220,15221],{},"values()",", and ",[374,15224,8877,15226],{"href":15225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[20,15227,15228],{},"items()",[44,15230,1555],{"id":1554},[617,15232,15234],{"id":15233},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[16,15236,155,15237,966,15239,15241],{},[20,15238,1905],{},[20,15240,7257],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[617,15243,15245],{"id":15244},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[16,15247,15248,15249,499],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[20,15250,15251],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[617,15253,15255],{"id":15254},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[16,15257,15258],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[617,15260,15262],{"id":15261},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[16,15264,15265],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[617,15267,3303,15269,2512,15271,573],{"id":15268},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[20,15270,1905],{},[20,15272,7257],{},[16,15274,15275,15277,15278,15280],{},[20,15276,1905],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[20,15279,7257],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[44,15282,1603],{"id":1602},[28,15284,15285,15289,15295,15299,15305],{},[31,15286,15287],{},[374,15288,7293],{"href":7292},[31,15290,15291],{},[374,15292,8877,15293,8881],{"href":8876},[20,15294,8880],{},[31,15296,15297],{},[374,15298,9393],{"href":8871},[31,15300,15301],{},[374,15302,15304],{"href":15303},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[31,15306,15307],{},[374,15308,9404],{"href":9215},[16,15310,15311],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1635,15313,15314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":15316},[15317,15318,15319,15320,15323,15326,15331,15332,15337,15338,15343,15344,15352],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":13310,"depth":88,"text":13311},{"id":13328,"depth":88,"text":13316},{"id":13413,"depth":88,"text":13414,"children":15321},[15322],{"id":13565,"depth":104,"text":13566},{"id":7540,"depth":88,"text":7541,"children":15324},[15325],{"id":13744,"depth":104,"text":13745},{"id":13857,"depth":88,"text":15327,"children":15328},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[15329],{"id":13984,"depth":104,"text":15330},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":7582,"depth":88,"text":7583},{"id":14338,"depth":88,"text":14339,"children":15333},[15334,15335,15336],{"id":14359,"depth":104,"text":14360},{"id":14461,"depth":104,"text":14462},{"id":14543,"depth":104,"text":14544},{"id":14629,"depth":88,"text":14630},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":15339},[15340,15341,15342],{"id":14789,"depth":104,"text":14790},{"id":14847,"depth":104,"text":14848},{"id":14911,"depth":104,"text":14912},{"id":14987,"depth":88,"text":14988},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":15345},[15346,15347,15348,15349,15350],{"id":15233,"depth":104,"text":15234},{"id":15244,"depth":104,"text":15245},{"id":15254,"depth":104,"text":15255},{"id":15261,"depth":104,"text":15262},{"id":15268,"depth":104,"text":15351},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":13153,"description":15353},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":15359,"title":15360,"body":15361,"description":17812,"extension":1667,"meta":17813,"navigation":318,"path":17814,"seo":17815,"stem":17816,"__hash__":17817},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":9,"value":15362,"toc":17768},[15363,15369,15375,15378,15381,15383,15465,15471,15476,15480,15498,15510,15515,15519,15542,15546,15558,15566,15570,15576,15578,15581,15656,15658,15703,15705,15722,15727,15733,15738,15812,15814,15859,15862,15873,15875,15994,15996,16049,16056,16060,16063,16080,16086,16090,16188,16190,16242,16249,16253,16259,16262,16265,16292,16297,16301,16304,16408,16410,16455,16458,16461,16466,16471,16482,16484,16545,16605,16611,16619,16625,16630,16635,16695,16699,16766,16769,16773,16844,16847,16860,16867,16869,16873,16877,16948,16950,16987,16990,16993,17056,17063,17066,17108,17118,17121,17190,17196,17201,17285,17287,17336,17343,17349,17394,17396,17429,17434,17438,17444,17483,17527,17595,17638,17640,17646,17649,17653,17658,17662,17665,17669,17671,17732,17734,17760,17765],[12,15364,9460,15366,9464],{"id":15365},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[20,15367,15368],{},"fromkeys()",[16,15370,15371,15374],{},[20,15372,15373],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[16,15376,15377],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[16,15379,15380],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[44,15382,47],{"id":46},[49,15384,15386],{"className":51,"code":15385,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,15387,15388,15421,15449,15460],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15389,15390,15393,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15391,15392],{"class":286},"keys ",[58,15394,290],{"class":77},[58,15396,1730],{"class":68},[58,15398,940],{"class":939},[58,15400,5799],{"class":943},[58,15402,940],{"class":939},[58,15404,1082],{"class":68},[58,15406,1450],{"class":939},[58,15408,7437],{"class":943},[58,15410,940],{"class":939},[58,15412,1082],{"class":68},[58,15414,1450],{"class":939},[58,15416,8548],{"class":943},[58,15418,940],{"class":939},[58,15420,1743],{"class":68},[58,15422,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15445,15447],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,15424,11351],{"class":286},[58,15426,290],{"class":77},[58,15428,7308],{"class":991},[58,15430,499],{"class":68},[58,15432,15433],{"class":239},"fromkeys",[58,15435,69],{"class":68},[58,15437,15073],{"class":239},[58,15439,1082],{"class":68},[58,15441,1450],{"class":939},[58,15443,15444],{"class":943},"unknown",[58,15446,940],{"class":939},[58,15448,243],{"class":68},[58,15450,15451,15453,15455,15458],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,15452,65],{"class":64},[58,15454,69],{"class":68},[58,15456,15457],{"class":239},"person",[58,15459,243],{"class":68},[58,15461,15462],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,15463,15464],{"class":1773},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[16,15466,155,15467,15470],{},[20,15468,15469],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[44,15472,1788,15474,1791],{"id":15473},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[20,15475,15373],{},[16,15477,15478,973],{},[20,15479,15373],{},[28,15481,15482,15485,15488,15491],{},[31,15483,15484],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[31,15486,15487],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[31,15489,15490],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[31,15492,15493,15494,15497],{},"Is called as ",[20,15495,15496],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[16,15499,15500,15501,15503,15504,15506,15507,499],{},"This is a class method on ",[20,15502,6958],{},", so you write ",[20,15505,15496],{}," instead of something like ",[20,15508,15509],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[16,15511,15512,15513,499],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[374,15514,7293],{"href":11169},[44,15516,15518],{"id":15517},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[49,15520,15522],{"className":51,"code":15521,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[20,15523,15524],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15525,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15527,6958],{"class":991},[58,15529,499],{"class":68},[58,15531,15433],{"class":239},[58,15533,69],{"class":68},[58,15535,1832],{"class":239},[58,15537,1082],{"class":68},[58,15539,6568],{"class":239},[58,15541,243],{"class":68},[617,15543,15545],{"id":15544},"parameters","Parameters",[28,15547,15548,15553],{},[31,15549,15550,15552],{},[20,15551,1832],{},": the keys to use",[31,15554,15555,15557],{},[20,15556,553],{},": optional starting value for every key",[16,15559,15560,15561,15563,15564,499],{},"If you leave out ",[20,15562,553],{},", each key gets ",[20,15565,1891],{},[617,15567,15569],{"id":15568},"return-value","Return value",[16,15571,15572,15573,499],{},"It returns a ",[1855,15574,15575],{},"new dictionary",[44,15577,3913],{"id":3912},[16,15579,15580],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[49,15582,15584],{"className":51,"code":15583,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[20,15585,15586,15619,15641,15645],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15587,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15589,15392],{"class":286},[58,15591,290],{"class":77},[58,15593,1730],{"class":68},[58,15595,940],{"class":939},[58,15597,11239],{"class":943},[58,15599,940],{"class":939},[58,15601,1082],{"class":68},[58,15603,1450],{"class":939},[58,15605,15606],{"class":943},"green",[58,15608,940],{"class":939},[58,15610,1082],{"class":68},[58,15612,1450],{"class":939},[58,15614,11256],{"class":943},[58,15616,940],{"class":939},[58,15618,1743],{"class":68},[58,15620,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,15622,11222],{"class":286},[58,15624,290],{"class":77},[58,15626,7308],{"class":991},[58,15628,499],{"class":68},[58,15630,15433],{"class":239},[58,15632,69],{"class":68},[58,15634,15073],{"class":239},[58,15636,1082],{"class":68},[58,15638,1947],{"class":81},[58,15640,243],{"class":68},[58,15642,15643],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,15644,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,15646,15647,15649,15651,15654],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,15648,65],{"class":64},[58,15650,69],{"class":68},[58,15652,15653],{"class":239},"colors",[58,15655,243],{"class":68},[16,15657,132],{},[49,15659,15661],{"className":51,"code":15660,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[20,15662,15663],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15664,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15666,7416],{"class":68},[58,15668,1396],{"class":939},[58,15670,11239],{"class":943},[58,15672,1396],{"class":939},[58,15674,973],{"class":68},[58,15676,1947],{"class":81},[58,15678,1082],{"class":68},[58,15680,1391],{"class":939},[58,15682,15606],{"class":943},[58,15684,1396],{"class":939},[58,15686,973],{"class":68},[58,15688,1947],{"class":81},[58,15690,1082],{"class":68},[58,15692,1391],{"class":939},[58,15694,11256],{"class":943},[58,15696,1396],{"class":939},[58,15698,973],{"class":68},[58,15700,1947],{"class":81},[58,15702,7447],{"class":68},[16,15704,9827],{},[28,15706,15707,15712,15717],{},[31,15708,15709,15711],{},[20,15710,15073],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[31,15713,15714,15716],{},[20,15715,183],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[31,15718,15719,15721],{},[20,15720,15373],{}," returns the new dictionary",[16,15723,15724,15725,499],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[374,15726,7530],{"href":11172},[44,15728,6552,15730,15732],{"id":15729},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[20,15731,15368],{}," without a value",[16,15734,15735,15736,499],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[20,15737,1891],{},[49,15739,15741],{"className":51,"code":15740,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[20,15742,15743,15777,15797,15801],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15744,15745,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15773,15775],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15746,15747],{"class":286},"fields ",[58,15749,290],{"class":77},[58,15751,1730],{"class":68},[58,15753,940],{"class":939},[58,15755,6118],{"class":943},[58,15757,940],{"class":939},[58,15759,1082],{"class":68},[58,15761,1450],{"class":939},[58,15763,13407],{"class":943},[58,15765,940],{"class":939},[58,15767,1082],{"class":68},[58,15769,1450],{"class":939},[58,15771,15772],{"class":943},"password",[58,15774,940],{"class":939},[58,15776,1743],{"class":68},[58,15778,15779,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792,15795],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,15780,15781],{"class":286},"user_data ",[58,15783,290],{"class":77},[58,15785,7308],{"class":991},[58,15787,499],{"class":68},[58,15789,15433],{"class":239},[58,15791,69],{"class":68},[58,15793,15794],{"class":239},"fields",[58,15796,243],{"class":68},[58,15798,15799],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,15800,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,15802,15803,15805,15807,15810],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,15804,65],{"class":64},[58,15806,69],{"class":68},[58,15808,15809],{"class":239},"user_data",[58,15811,243],{"class":68},[16,15813,132],{},[49,15815,15817],{"className":51,"code":15816,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[20,15818,15819],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15820,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15822,7416],{"class":68},[58,15824,1396],{"class":939},[58,15826,6118],{"class":943},[58,15828,1396],{"class":939},[58,15830,973],{"class":68},[58,15832,1967],{"class":1966},[58,15834,1082],{"class":68},[58,15836,1391],{"class":939},[58,15838,13407],{"class":943},[58,15840,1396],{"class":939},[58,15842,973],{"class":68},[58,15844,1967],{"class":1966},[58,15846,1082],{"class":68},[58,15848,1391],{"class":939},[58,15850,15772],{"class":943},[58,15852,1396],{"class":939},[58,15854,973],{"class":68},[58,15856,1967],{"class":1966},[58,15858,7447],{"class":68},[16,15860,15861],{},"This is useful when:",[28,15863,15864,15867,15870],{},[31,15865,15866],{},"You want to create the keys first",[31,15868,15869],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[31,15871,15872],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[16,15874,276],{},[49,15876,15878],{"className":51,"code":15877,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[20,15879,15880,15912,15930,15934,15957,15980,15984],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,15881,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,15883,15747],{"class":286},[58,15885,290],{"class":77},[58,15887,1730],{"class":68},[58,15889,940],{"class":939},[58,15891,6118],{"class":943},[58,15893,940],{"class":939},[58,15895,1082],{"class":68},[58,15897,1450],{"class":939},[58,15899,13407],{"class":943},[58,15901,940],{"class":939},[58,15903,1082],{"class":68},[58,15905,1450],{"class":939},[58,15907,15772],{"class":943},[58,15909,940],{"class":939},[58,15911,1743],{"class":68},[58,15913,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,15915,15781],{"class":286},[58,15917,290],{"class":77},[58,15919,7308],{"class":991},[58,15921,499],{"class":68},[58,15923,15433],{"class":239},[58,15925,69],{"class":68},[58,15927,15794],{"class":239},[58,15929,243],{"class":68},[58,15931,15932],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,15933,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,15935,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15955],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,15937,15809],{"class":286},[58,15939,2016],{"class":68},[58,15941,940],{"class":939},[58,15943,6118],{"class":943},[58,15945,940],{"class":939},[58,15947,11420],{"class":68},[58,15949,11423],{"class":77},[58,15951,1450],{"class":939},[58,15953,15954],{"class":943},"alice",[58,15956,1456],{"class":939},[58,15958,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15978],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,15960,15809],{"class":286},[58,15962,2016],{"class":68},[58,15964,940],{"class":939},[58,15966,13407],{"class":943},[58,15968,940],{"class":939},[58,15970,11420],{"class":68},[58,15972,11423],{"class":77},[58,15974,1450],{"class":939},[58,15976,15977],{"class":943},"alice@example.com",[58,15979,1456],{"class":939},[58,15981,15982],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,15983,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,15985,15986,15988,15990,15992],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,15987,65],{"class":64},[58,15989,69],{"class":68},[58,15991,15809],{"class":239},[58,15993,243],{"class":68},[16,15995,132],{},[49,15997,15999],{"className":51,"code":15998,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[20,16000,16001],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16002,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16004,7416],{"class":68},[58,16006,1396],{"class":939},[58,16008,6118],{"class":943},[58,16010,1396],{"class":939},[58,16012,973],{"class":68},[58,16014,1391],{"class":939},[58,16016,15954],{"class":943},[58,16018,1396],{"class":939},[58,16020,1082],{"class":68},[58,16022,1391],{"class":939},[58,16024,13407],{"class":943},[58,16026,1396],{"class":939},[58,16028,973],{"class":68},[58,16030,1391],{"class":939},[58,16032,15977],{"class":943},[58,16034,1396],{"class":939},[58,16036,1082],{"class":68},[58,16038,1391],{"class":939},[58,16040,15772],{"class":943},[58,16042,1396],{"class":939},[58,16044,973],{"class":68},[58,16046,1967],{"class":1966},[58,16048,7447],{"class":68},[16,16050,16051,16052,499],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[374,16053,16055],{"href":16054},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[44,16057,16059],{"id":16058},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[16,16061,16062],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[28,16064,16065,16070,16075],{},[31,16066,16067,16069],{},[20,16068,1900],{}," (list)",[31,16071,16072,16074],{},[20,16073,1905],{}," (dictionary)",[31,16076,16077,16079],{},[20,16078,1910],{}," (set)",[16,16081,16082,16083,499],{},"All keys will point to the ",[1855,16084,16085],{},"same object",[617,16087,16089],{"id":16088},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[49,16091,16093],{"className":51,"code":16092,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[20,16094,16095,16127,16148,16152,16174,16178],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16096,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16098,15392],{"class":286},[58,16100,290],{"class":77},[58,16102,1730],{"class":68},[58,16104,940],{"class":939},[58,16106,374],{"class":943},[58,16108,940],{"class":939},[58,16110,1082],{"class":68},[58,16112,1450],{"class":939},[58,16114,2882],{"class":943},[58,16116,940],{"class":939},[58,16118,1082],{"class":68},[58,16120,1450],{"class":939},[58,16122,7878],{"class":943},[58,16124,940],{"class":939},[58,16126,1743],{"class":68},[58,16128,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16130,7303],{"class":286},[58,16132,290],{"class":77},[58,16134,7308],{"class":991},[58,16136,499],{"class":68},[58,16138,15433],{"class":239},[58,16140,69],{"class":68},[58,16142,15073],{"class":239},[58,16144,1082],{"class":68},[58,16146,16147],{"class":68}," [])\n",[58,16149,16150],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,16151,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,16153,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,16155,7342],{"class":286},[58,16157,2016],{"class":68},[58,16159,940],{"class":939},[58,16161,374],{"class":943},[58,16163,940],{"class":939},[58,16165,11697],{"class":68},[58,16167,11700],{"class":239},[58,16169,69],{"class":68},[58,16171,1079],{"class":81},[58,16173,243],{"class":68},[58,16175,16176],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,16177,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,16181,65],{"class":64},[58,16183,69],{"class":68},[58,16185,7342],{"class":239},[58,16187,243],{"class":68},[16,16189,132],{},[49,16191,16193],{"className":51,"code":16192,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[20,16194,16195],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16196,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16198,7416],{"class":68},[58,16200,1396],{"class":939},[58,16202,374],{"class":943},[58,16204,1396],{"class":939},[58,16206,973],{"class":68},[58,16208,1730],{"class":68},[58,16210,1079],{"class":81},[58,16212,16213],{"class":68},"],",[58,16215,1391],{"class":939},[58,16217,2882],{"class":943},[58,16219,1396],{"class":939},[58,16221,973],{"class":68},[58,16223,1730],{"class":68},[58,16225,1079],{"class":81},[58,16227,16213],{"class":68},[58,16229,1391],{"class":939},[58,16231,7878],{"class":943},[58,16233,1396],{"class":939},[58,16235,973],{"class":68},[58,16237,1730],{"class":68},[58,16239,1079],{"class":81},[58,16241,11853],{"class":68},[16,16243,16244,16245,16248],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[20,16246,16247],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[617,16250,16252],{"id":16251},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[16,16254,16255,16258],{},[20,16256,16257],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[16,16260,16261],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[16,16263,16264],{},"So this:",[49,16266,16268],{"className":51,"code":16267,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[20,16269,16270],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16271,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16273,7342],{"class":286},[58,16275,2016],{"class":68},[58,16277,940],{"class":939},[58,16279,374],{"class":943},[58,16281,940],{"class":939},[58,16283,11697],{"class":68},[58,16285,11700],{"class":239},[58,16287,69],{"class":68},[58,16289,1079],{"class":81},[58,16291,243],{"class":68},[16,16293,16294,16295,499],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[20,16296,16247],{},[617,16298,16300],{"id":16299},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[16,16302,16303],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[49,16305,16307],{"className":51,"code":16306,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[20,16308,16309,16341,16368,16372,16394,16398],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16310,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16312,15392],{"class":286},[58,16314,290],{"class":77},[58,16316,1730],{"class":68},[58,16318,940],{"class":939},[58,16320,374],{"class":943},[58,16322,940],{"class":939},[58,16324,1082],{"class":68},[58,16326,1450],{"class":939},[58,16328,2882],{"class":943},[58,16330,940],{"class":939},[58,16332,1082],{"class":68},[58,16334,1450],{"class":939},[58,16336,7878],{"class":943},[58,16338,940],{"class":939},[58,16340,1743],{"class":68},[58,16342,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16356,16358,16361,16363,16366],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16344,7303],{"class":286},[58,16346,290],{"class":77},[58,16348,8630],{"class":68},[58,16350,12989],{"class":286},[58,16352,973],{"class":68},[58,16354,16355],{"class":68}," []",[58,16357,1992],{"class":1991},[58,16359,16360],{"class":286}," key ",[58,16362,1998],{"class":1991},[58,16364,16365],{"class":286}," keys",[58,16367,7447],{"class":68},[58,16369,16370],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,16371,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,16373,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,16375,7342],{"class":286},[58,16377,2016],{"class":68},[58,16379,940],{"class":939},[58,16381,374],{"class":943},[58,16383,940],{"class":939},[58,16385,11697],{"class":68},[58,16387,11700],{"class":239},[58,16389,69],{"class":68},[58,16391,1079],{"class":81},[58,16393,243],{"class":68},[58,16395,16396],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,16397,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,16399,16400,16402,16404,16406],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,16401,65],{"class":64},[58,16403,69],{"class":68},[58,16405,7342],{"class":239},[58,16407,243],{"class":68},[16,16409,132],{},[49,16411,16413],{"className":51,"code":16412,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[20,16414,16415],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16416,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16418,7416],{"class":68},[58,16420,1396],{"class":939},[58,16422,374],{"class":943},[58,16424,1396],{"class":939},[58,16426,973],{"class":68},[58,16428,1730],{"class":68},[58,16430,1079],{"class":81},[58,16432,16213],{"class":68},[58,16434,1391],{"class":939},[58,16436,2882],{"class":943},[58,16438,1396],{"class":939},[58,16440,973],{"class":68},[58,16442,16443],{"class":68}," [],",[58,16445,1391],{"class":939},[58,16447,7878],{"class":943},[58,16449,1396],{"class":939},[58,16451,973],{"class":68},[58,16453,16454],{"class":68}," []}\n",[16,16456,16457],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[16,16459,16460],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[44,16462,3083,16464],{"id":16463},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[20,16465,15368],{},[16,16467,16468,16470],{},[20,16469,15373],{}," is a good choice when:",[28,16472,16473,16476,16479],{},[31,16474,16475],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[31,16477,16478],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[31,16480,16481],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[16,16483,189],{},[49,16485,16487],{"className":51,"code":16486,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[20,16488,16489,16534],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16490,16491,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16509,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16526,16528,16530,16532],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16492,16493],{"class":286},"flags ",[58,16495,290],{"class":77},[58,16497,7308],{"class":991},[58,16499,499],{"class":68},[58,16501,15433],{"class":239},[58,16503,1076],{"class":68},[58,16505,940],{"class":939},[58,16507,16508],{"class":943},"is_admin",[58,16510,940],{"class":939},[58,16512,1082],{"class":68},[58,16514,1450],{"class":939},[58,16516,13227],{"class":943},[58,16518,940],{"class":939},[58,16520,1082],{"class":68},[58,16522,1450],{"class":939},[58,16524,16525],{"class":943},"is_verified",[58,16527,940],{"class":939},[58,16529,16213],{"class":68},[58,16531,2023],{"class":1966},[58,16533,243],{"class":68},[58,16535,16536,16538,16540,16543],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16537,65],{"class":64},[58,16539,69],{"class":68},[58,16541,16542],{"class":239},"flags",[58,16544,243],{"class":68},[49,16546,16548],{"className":51,"code":16547,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[20,16549,16550,16595],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16551,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16569,16571,16573,16575,16578,16580,16582,16584,16587,16589,16591,16593],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16553,3186],{"class":286},[58,16555,290],{"class":77},[58,16557,7308],{"class":991},[58,16559,499],{"class":68},[58,16561,15433],{"class":239},[58,16563,1076],{"class":68},[58,16565,940],{"class":939},[58,16567,16568],{"class":943},"math",[58,16570,940],{"class":939},[58,16572,1082],{"class":68},[58,16574,1450],{"class":939},[58,16576,16577],{"class":943},"science",[58,16579,940],{"class":939},[58,16581,1082],{"class":68},[58,16583,1450],{"class":939},[58,16585,16586],{"class":943},"history",[58,16588,940],{"class":939},[58,16590,16213],{"class":68},[58,16592,1947],{"class":81},[58,16594,243],{"class":68},[58,16596,16597,16599,16601,16603],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16598,65],{"class":64},[58,16600,69],{"class":68},[58,16602,14538],{"class":239},[58,16604,243],{"class":68},[16,16606,16607,16608,16610],{},"It is ",[1855,16609,2751],{}," the best choice when:",[28,16612,16613,16616],{},[31,16614,16615],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[31,16617,16618],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[44,16620,16622,16624],{"id":16621},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[20,16623,15368],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[16,16626,16627,16629],{},[20,16628,15368],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[617,16631,6552,16633],{"id":16632},"using-fromkeys",[20,16634,15368],{},[49,16636,16638],{"className":51,"code":16637,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[20,16639,16640,16685],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16641,16642,16644,16646,16648,16650,16652,16654,16656,16659,16661,16663,16665,16668,16670,16672,16674,16677,16679,16681,16683],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16643,11973],{"class":286},[58,16645,290],{"class":77},[58,16647,7308],{"class":991},[58,16649,499],{"class":68},[58,16651,15433],{"class":239},[58,16653,1076],{"class":68},[58,16655,940],{"class":939},[58,16657,16658],{"class":943},"sound",[58,16660,940],{"class":939},[58,16662,1082],{"class":68},[58,16664,1450],{"class":939},[58,16666,16667],{"class":943},"music",[58,16669,940],{"class":939},[58,16671,1082],{"class":68},[58,16673,1450],{"class":939},[58,16675,16676],{"class":943},"notifications",[58,16678,940],{"class":939},[58,16680,16213],{"class":68},[58,16682,2032],{"class":1966},[58,16684,243],{"class":68},[58,16686,16687,16689,16691,16693],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16688,65],{"class":64},[58,16690,69],{"class":68},[58,16692,12032],{"class":239},[58,16694,243],{"class":68},[617,16696,16698],{"id":16697},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[49,16700,16702],{"className":51,"code":16701,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[20,16703,16704,16712,16726,16740,16752,16756],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16705,16706,16708,16710],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16707,11973],{"class":286},[58,16709,290],{"class":77},[58,16711,9636],{"class":68},[58,16713,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16715,9641],{"class":939},[58,16717,16658],{"class":943},[58,16719,940],{"class":939},[58,16721,973],{"class":68},[58,16723,2032],{"class":1966},[58,16725,9657],{"class":68},[58,16727,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,16729,9641],{"class":939},[58,16731,16667],{"class":943},[58,16733,940],{"class":939},[58,16735,973],{"class":68},[58,16737,2023],{"class":1966},[58,16739,9657],{"class":68},[58,16741,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,16743,9641],{"class":939},[58,16745,16676],{"class":943},[58,16747,940],{"class":939},[58,16749,973],{"class":68},[58,16751,4551],{"class":1966},[58,16753,16754],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,16755,7447],{"class":68},[58,16757,16758,16760,16762,16764],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,16759,65],{"class":64},[58,16761,69],{"class":68},[58,16763,12032],{"class":239},[58,16765,243],{"class":68},[16,16767,16768],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[617,16770,16772],{"id":16771},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[49,16774,16776],{"className":51,"code":16775,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[20,16777,16778,16810,16834],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16779,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16781,15392],{"class":286},[58,16783,290],{"class":77},[58,16785,1730],{"class":68},[58,16787,940],{"class":939},[58,16789,374],{"class":943},[58,16791,940],{"class":939},[58,16793,1082],{"class":68},[58,16795,1450],{"class":939},[58,16797,2882],{"class":943},[58,16799,940],{"class":939},[58,16801,1082],{"class":68},[58,16803,1450],{"class":939},[58,16805,7878],{"class":943},[58,16807,940],{"class":939},[58,16809,1743],{"class":68},[58,16811,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16813,7303],{"class":286},[58,16815,290],{"class":77},[58,16817,8630],{"class":68},[58,16819,12989],{"class":286},[58,16821,973],{"class":68},[58,16823,16355],{"class":68},[58,16825,1992],{"class":1991},[58,16827,16360],{"class":286},[58,16829,1998],{"class":1991},[58,16831,16365],{"class":286},[58,16833,7447],{"class":68},[58,16835,16836,16838,16840,16842],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,16837,65],{"class":64},[58,16839,69],{"class":68},[58,16841,7342],{"class":239},[58,16843,243],{"class":68},[16,16845,16846],{},"Use:",[28,16848,16849,16854,16857],{},[31,16850,16851,16853],{},[20,16852,15368],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[31,16855,16856],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[31,16858,16859],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[16,16861,16862,16863,499],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[374,16864,8877,16865,8881],{"href":12180},[20,16866,13102],{},[44,16868,914],{"id":913},[16,16870,12881,16871,499],{},[20,16872,15373],{},[617,16874,16876],{"id":16875},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[49,16878,16880],{"className":51,"code":16879,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[20,16881,16882,16915,16938],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16883,16884,16887,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16885,16886],{"class":286},"d ",[58,16888,290],{"class":77},[58,16890,7308],{"class":991},[58,16892,499],{"class":68},[58,16894,15433],{"class":239},[58,16896,1076],{"class":68},[58,16898,940],{"class":939},[58,16900,374],{"class":943},[58,16902,940],{"class":939},[58,16904,1082],{"class":68},[58,16906,1450],{"class":939},[58,16908,2882],{"class":943},[58,16910,940],{"class":939},[58,16912,16213],{"class":68},[58,16914,16147],{"class":68},[58,16916,16917,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,16918,16919],{"class":286},"d",[58,16921,2016],{"class":68},[58,16923,940],{"class":939},[58,16925,374],{"class":943},[58,16927,940],{"class":939},[58,16929,11697],{"class":68},[58,16931,11700],{"class":239},[58,16933,69],{"class":68},[58,16935,1079],{"class":81},[58,16937,243],{"class":68},[58,16939,16940,16942,16944,16946],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,16941,65],{"class":64},[58,16943,69],{"class":68},[58,16945,16919],{"class":239},[58,16947,243],{"class":68},[16,16949,132],{},[49,16951,16953],{"className":51,"code":16952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[20,16954,16955],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16956,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,16958,7416],{"class":68},[58,16960,1396],{"class":939},[58,16962,374],{"class":943},[58,16964,1396],{"class":939},[58,16966,973],{"class":68},[58,16968,1730],{"class":68},[58,16970,1079],{"class":81},[58,16972,16213],{"class":68},[58,16974,1391],{"class":939},[58,16976,2882],{"class":943},[58,16978,1396],{"class":939},[58,16980,973],{"class":68},[58,16982,1730],{"class":68},[58,16984,1079],{"class":81},[58,16986,11853],{"class":68},[16,16988,16989],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[16,16991,16992],{},"Use this instead:",[49,16994,16996],{"className":51,"code":16995,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[20,16997,16998,17022,17046],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,16999,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17001,15392],{"class":286},[58,17003,290],{"class":77},[58,17005,1730],{"class":68},[58,17007,940],{"class":939},[58,17009,374],{"class":943},[58,17011,940],{"class":939},[58,17013,1082],{"class":68},[58,17015,1450],{"class":939},[58,17017,2882],{"class":943},[58,17019,940],{"class":939},[58,17021,1743],{"class":68},[58,17023,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17025,16886],{"class":286},[58,17027,290],{"class":77},[58,17029,8630],{"class":68},[58,17031,12989],{"class":286},[58,17033,973],{"class":68},[58,17035,16355],{"class":68},[58,17037,1992],{"class":1991},[58,17039,16360],{"class":286},[58,17041,1998],{"class":1991},[58,17043,16365],{"class":286},[58,17045,7447],{"class":68},[58,17047,17048,17050,17052,17054],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,17049,65],{"class":64},[58,17051,69],{"class":68},[58,17053,16919],{"class":239},[58,17055,243],{"class":68},[617,17057,17059,17060,17062],{"id":17058},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[20,17061,15368],{}," on a list",[16,17064,17065],{},"Wrong idea:",[49,17067,17069],{"className":51,"code":17068,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,17070,17071,17103],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17072,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17074,15392],{"class":286},[58,17076,290],{"class":77},[58,17078,1730],{"class":68},[58,17080,940],{"class":939},[58,17082,374],{"class":943},[58,17084,940],{"class":939},[58,17086,1082],{"class":68},[58,17088,1450],{"class":939},[58,17090,2882],{"class":943},[58,17092,940],{"class":939},[58,17094,1082],{"class":68},[58,17096,1450],{"class":939},[58,17098,7878],{"class":943},[58,17100,940],{"class":939},[58,17102,1743],{"class":68},[58,17104,17105],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17106,17107],{"class":1773},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[16,17109,17110,17112,17113,17115,17116,499],{},[20,17111,15368],{}," belongs to ",[20,17114,6958],{},", not ",[20,17117,6227],{},[16,17119,17120],{},"Correct usage:",[49,17122,17124],{"className":51,"code":17123,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[20,17125,17126,17158,17180],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17127,17128,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17129,15392],{"class":286},[58,17131,290],{"class":77},[58,17133,1730],{"class":68},[58,17135,940],{"class":939},[58,17137,374],{"class":943},[58,17139,940],{"class":939},[58,17141,1082],{"class":68},[58,17143,1450],{"class":939},[58,17145,2882],{"class":943},[58,17147,940],{"class":939},[58,17149,1082],{"class":68},[58,17151,1450],{"class":939},[58,17153,7878],{"class":943},[58,17155,940],{"class":939},[58,17157,1743],{"class":68},[58,17159,17160,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17161,16886],{"class":286},[58,17163,290],{"class":77},[58,17165,7308],{"class":991},[58,17167,499],{"class":68},[58,17169,15433],{"class":239},[58,17171,69],{"class":68},[58,17173,15073],{"class":239},[58,17175,1082],{"class":68},[58,17177,1947],{"class":81},[58,17179,243],{"class":68},[58,17181,17182,17184,17186,17188],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,17183,65],{"class":64},[58,17185,69],{"class":68},[58,17187,16919],{"class":239},[58,17189,243],{"class":68},[617,17191,6588,17193,17195],{"id":17192},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[20,17194,15368],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[16,17197,17198,17200],{},[20,17199,15373],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[49,17202,17204],{"className":51,"code":17203,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[20,17205,17206,17226,17260,17264,17274],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17207,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17209,10230],{"class":286},[58,17211,290],{"class":77},[58,17213,8630],{"class":68},[58,17215,940],{"class":939},[58,17217,240],{"class":943},[58,17219,940],{"class":939},[58,17221,973],{"class":68},[58,17223,3623],{"class":81},[58,17225,7447],{"class":68},[58,17227,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17229,11184],{"class":286},[58,17231,290],{"class":77},[58,17233,7308],{"class":991},[58,17235,499],{"class":68},[58,17237,15433],{"class":239},[58,17239,1076],{"class":68},[58,17241,940],{"class":939},[58,17243,374],{"class":943},[58,17245,940],{"class":939},[58,17247,1082],{"class":68},[58,17249,1450],{"class":939},[58,17251,2882],{"class":943},[58,17253,940],{"class":939},[58,17255,16213],{"class":68},[58,17257,1947],{"class":81},[58,17259,243],{"class":68},[58,17261,17262],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,17263,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,17265,17266,17268,17270,17272],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,17267,65],{"class":64},[58,17269,69],{"class":68},[58,17271,10277],{"class":239},[58,17273,243],{"class":68},[58,17275,17276,17278,17280,17283],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,17277,65],{"class":64},[58,17279,69],{"class":68},[58,17281,17282],{"class":239},"new_dict",[58,17284,243],{"class":68},[16,17286,132],{},[49,17288,17290],{"className":51,"code":17289,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[20,17291,17292,17308],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17293,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17295,7416],{"class":68},[58,17297,1396],{"class":939},[58,17299,240],{"class":943},[58,17301,1396],{"class":939},[58,17303,973],{"class":68},[58,17305,3623],{"class":81},[58,17307,7447],{"class":68},[58,17309,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17311,7416],{"class":68},[58,17313,1396],{"class":939},[58,17315,374],{"class":943},[58,17317,1396],{"class":939},[58,17319,973],{"class":68},[58,17321,1947],{"class":81},[58,17323,1082],{"class":68},[58,17325,1391],{"class":939},[58,17327,2882],{"class":943},[58,17329,1396],{"class":939},[58,17331,973],{"class":68},[58,17333,1947],{"class":81},[58,17335,7447],{"class":68},[16,17337,17338,17339,499],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[374,17340,8877,17341,8881],{"href":12180},[20,17342,13102],{},[617,17344,17346,17347],{"id":17345},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[20,17348,1891],{},[49,17350,17352],{"className":51,"code":17351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[20,17353,17354,17384],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17355,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17357,16886],{"class":286},[58,17359,290],{"class":77},[58,17361,7308],{"class":991},[58,17363,499],{"class":68},[58,17365,15433],{"class":239},[58,17367,1076],{"class":68},[58,17369,940],{"class":939},[58,17371,240],{"class":943},[58,17373,940],{"class":939},[58,17375,1082],{"class":68},[58,17377,1450],{"class":939},[58,17379,9889],{"class":943},[58,17381,940],{"class":939},[58,17383,2004],{"class":68},[58,17385,17386,17388,17390,17392],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17387,65],{"class":64},[58,17389,69],{"class":68},[58,17391,16919],{"class":239},[58,17393,243],{"class":68},[16,17395,132],{},[49,17397,17399],{"className":51,"code":17398,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[20,17400,17401],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17402,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17404,7416],{"class":68},[58,17406,1396],{"class":939},[58,17408,240],{"class":943},[58,17410,1396],{"class":939},[58,17412,973],{"class":68},[58,17414,1967],{"class":1966},[58,17416,1082],{"class":68},[58,17418,1391],{"class":939},[58,17420,9889],{"class":943},[58,17422,1396],{"class":939},[58,17424,973],{"class":68},[58,17426,1967],{"class":1966},[58,17428,7447],{"class":68},[16,17430,17431,17432,499],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[20,17433,1891],{},[44,17435,17437],{"id":17436},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[16,17439,17440,17441,17443],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[20,17442,15368],{}," works.",[49,17445,17447],{"className":51,"code":17446,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[20,17448,17449],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17450,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17452,65],{"class":64},[58,17454,69],{"class":68},[58,17456,6958],{"class":991},[58,17458,499],{"class":68},[58,17460,15433],{"class":239},[58,17462,1076],{"class":68},[58,17464,940],{"class":939},[58,17466,374],{"class":943},[58,17468,940],{"class":939},[58,17470,1082],{"class":68},[58,17472,1450],{"class":939},[58,17474,2882],{"class":943},[58,17476,940],{"class":939},[58,17478,16213],{"class":68},[58,17480,1947],{"class":81},[58,17482,85],{"class":68},[49,17484,17485],{"className":51,"code":17351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,17486,17487,17517],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17488,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17490,16886],{"class":286},[58,17492,290],{"class":77},[58,17494,7308],{"class":991},[58,17496,499],{"class":68},[58,17498,15433],{"class":239},[58,17500,1076],{"class":68},[58,17502,940],{"class":939},[58,17504,240],{"class":943},[58,17506,940],{"class":939},[58,17508,1082],{"class":68},[58,17510,1450],{"class":939},[58,17512,9889],{"class":943},[58,17514,940],{"class":939},[58,17516,2004],{"class":68},[58,17518,17519,17521,17523,17525],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17520,65],{"class":64},[58,17522,69],{"class":68},[58,17524,16919],{"class":239},[58,17526,243],{"class":68},[49,17528,17529],{"className":51,"code":16879,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,17530,17531,17563,17585],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17532,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17534,16886],{"class":286},[58,17536,290],{"class":77},[58,17538,7308],{"class":991},[58,17540,499],{"class":68},[58,17542,15433],{"class":239},[58,17544,1076],{"class":68},[58,17546,940],{"class":939},[58,17548,374],{"class":943},[58,17550,940],{"class":939},[58,17552,1082],{"class":68},[58,17554,1450],{"class":939},[58,17556,2882],{"class":943},[58,17558,940],{"class":939},[58,17560,16213],{"class":68},[58,17562,16147],{"class":68},[58,17564,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17566,16919],{"class":286},[58,17568,2016],{"class":68},[58,17570,940],{"class":939},[58,17572,374],{"class":943},[58,17574,940],{"class":939},[58,17576,11697],{"class":68},[58,17578,11700],{"class":239},[58,17580,69],{"class":68},[58,17582,1079],{"class":81},[58,17584,243],{"class":68},[58,17586,17587,17589,17591,17593],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,17588,65],{"class":64},[58,17590,69],{"class":68},[58,17592,16919],{"class":239},[58,17594,243],{"class":68},[49,17596,17598],{"className":51,"code":17597,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[20,17599,17600],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17601,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17603,65],{"class":64},[58,17605,69],{"class":68},[58,17607,1316],{"class":991},[58,17609,69],{"class":68},[58,17611,6958],{"class":991},[58,17613,499],{"class":68},[58,17615,15433],{"class":239},[58,17617,1076],{"class":68},[58,17619,1079],{"class":81},[58,17621,1082],{"class":68},[58,17623,1085],{"class":81},[58,17625,1082],{"class":68},[58,17627,531],{"class":81},[58,17629,16213],{"class":68},[58,17631,1450],{"class":939},[58,17633,553],{"class":943},[58,17635,940],{"class":939},[58,17637,1002],{"class":68},[44,17639,1555],{"id":1554},[617,17641,10849,17643,17645],{"id":17642},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[20,17644,15368],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[16,17647,17648],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[617,17650,17652],{"id":17651},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[16,17654,17655,17656,499],{},"Each key gets ",[20,17657,1891],{},[617,17659,17661],{"id":17660},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[16,17663,17664],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[617,17666,17668],{"id":17667},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[16,17670,16303],{},[49,17672,17674],{"className":51,"code":17673,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[20,17675,17676,17708],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17677,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17679,15392],{"class":286},[58,17681,290],{"class":77},[58,17683,1730],{"class":68},[58,17685,940],{"class":939},[58,17687,374],{"class":943},[58,17689,940],{"class":939},[58,17691,1082],{"class":68},[58,17693,1450],{"class":939},[58,17695,2882],{"class":943},[58,17697,940],{"class":939},[58,17699,1082],{"class":68},[58,17701,1450],{"class":939},[58,17703,7878],{"class":943},[58,17705,940],{"class":939},[58,17707,1743],{"class":68},[58,17709,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17711,7303],{"class":286},[58,17713,290],{"class":77},[58,17715,8630],{"class":68},[58,17717,12989],{"class":286},[58,17719,973],{"class":68},[58,17721,16355],{"class":68},[58,17723,1992],{"class":1991},[58,17725,16360],{"class":286},[58,17727,1998],{"class":1991},[58,17729,16365],{"class":286},[58,17731,7447],{"class":68},[44,17733,1603],{"id":1602},[28,17735,17736,17740,17744,17748,17754],{},[31,17737,17738],{},[374,17739,9384],{"href":11172},[31,17741,17742],{},[374,17743,7293],{"href":11169},[31,17745,17746],{},[374,17747,9393],{"href":16054},[31,17749,17750],{},[374,17751,8877,17752,8881],{"href":12180},[20,17753,13102],{},[31,17755,17756],{},[374,17757,8877,17758,8881],{"href":13147},[20,17759,10922],{},[16,17761,155,17762,17764],{},[20,17763,15373],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1635,17766,17767],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":17769},[17770,17771,17773,17777,17778,17780,17785,17787,17794,17803,17804,17811],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":15473,"depth":88,"text":17772},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":15517,"depth":88,"text":15518,"children":17774},[17775,17776],{"id":15544,"depth":104,"text":15545},{"id":15568,"depth":104,"text":15569},{"id":3912,"depth":88,"text":3913},{"id":15729,"depth":88,"text":17779},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":16058,"depth":88,"text":16059,"children":17781},[17782,17783,17784],{"id":16088,"depth":104,"text":16089},{"id":16251,"depth":104,"text":16252},{"id":16299,"depth":104,"text":16300},{"id":16463,"depth":88,"text":17786},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":16621,"depth":88,"text":17788,"children":17789},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[17790,17792,17793],{"id":16632,"depth":104,"text":17791},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":16697,"depth":104,"text":16698},{"id":16771,"depth":104,"text":16772},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":17795},[17796,17797,17799,17801],{"id":16875,"depth":104,"text":16876},{"id":17058,"depth":104,"text":17798},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":17192,"depth":104,"text":17800},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":17345,"depth":104,"text":17802},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":17436,"depth":88,"text":17437},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":17805},[17806,17808,17809,17810],{"id":17642,"depth":104,"text":17807},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":17651,"depth":104,"text":17652},{"id":17660,"depth":104,"text":17661},{"id":17667,"depth":104,"text":17668},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":15360,"description":17812},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":17819,"title":17820,"body":17821,"description":19651,"extension":1667,"meta":19652,"navigation":318,"path":19653,"seo":19654,"stem":19655,"__hash__":19656},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":9,"value":17822,"toc":19618},[17823,17828,17834,17845,17975,17982,17987,17991,18007,18009,18107,18110,18127,18131,18133,18138,18176,18179,18197,18199,18317,18322,18326,18342,18345,18481,18484,18489,18495,18498,18535,18538,18542,18547,18623,18627,18632,18714,18716,18732,18737,18741,18747,18816,18819,18836,18839,18921,18927,18930,18950,18954,18959,18965,18971,19042,19045,19051,19054,19128,19135,19141,19149,19159,19161,19256,19262,19267,19354,19360,19362,19367,19389,19392,19487,19490,19521,19534,19536,19544,19550,19556,19559,19565,19570,19577,19582,19584,19615],[12,17824,9460,17826,9464],{"id":17825},"python-dictionary-get-method",[20,17827,8880],{},[16,17829,17830,17831,17833],{},"The dictionary ",[20,17832,8880],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[16,17835,17836,17837,257,17840,475,17842,17844],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[20,17838,17839],{},"KeyError",[20,17841,8880],{},[20,17843,1891],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[49,17846,17848],{"className":51,"code":17847,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[20,17849,17850,17886,17890,17916,17941],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,17851,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,17853,11351],{"class":286},[58,17855,290],{"class":77},[58,17857,8630],{"class":68},[58,17859,940],{"class":939},[58,17861,5799],{"class":943},[58,17863,940],{"class":939},[58,17865,973],{"class":68},[58,17867,1450],{"class":939},[58,17869,11026],{"class":943},[58,17871,940],{"class":939},[58,17873,1082],{"class":68},[58,17875,1450],{"class":939},[58,17877,7437],{"class":943},[58,17879,940],{"class":939},[58,17881,973],{"class":68},[58,17883,7444],{"class":81},[58,17885,7447],{"class":68},[58,17887,17888],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,17889,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,17891,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,17893,65],{"class":64},[58,17895,69],{"class":68},[58,17897,15457],{"class":239},[58,17899,499],{"class":68},[58,17901,17902],{"class":239},"get",[58,17904,69],{"class":68},[58,17906,940],{"class":939},[58,17908,5799],{"class":943},[58,17910,940],{"class":939},[58,17912,3486],{"class":68},[58,17914,17915],{"class":1773},"           # Ana\n",[58,17917,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,17919,65],{"class":64},[58,17921,69],{"class":68},[58,17923,15457],{"class":239},[58,17925,499],{"class":68},[58,17927,17902],{"class":239},[58,17929,69],{"class":68},[58,17931,940],{"class":939},[58,17933,8548],{"class":943},[58,17935,940],{"class":939},[58,17937,3486],{"class":68},[58,17939,17940],{"class":1773},"           # None\n",[58,17942,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17968,17970,17972],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,17944,65],{"class":64},[58,17946,69],{"class":68},[58,17948,15457],{"class":239},[58,17950,499],{"class":68},[58,17952,17902],{"class":239},[58,17954,69],{"class":68},[58,17956,940],{"class":939},[58,17958,8548],{"class":943},[58,17960,940],{"class":939},[58,17962,1082],{"class":68},[58,17964,1450],{"class":939},[58,17966,17967],{"class":943},"N\u002FA",[58,17969,940],{"class":939},[58,17971,3486],{"class":68},[58,17973,17974],{"class":1773},"    # N\u002FA\n",[16,17976,155,17977,17979,17980,499],{},[20,17978,8880],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[20,17981,17839],{},[44,17983,1788,17985,1791],{"id":17984},"what-get-does",[20,17986,8880],{},[16,17988,18,17989,9555],{},[20,17990,8880],{},[28,17992,17993,17996,18001,18004],{},[31,17994,17995],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[31,17997,9566,17998,18000],{},[20,17999,1891],{}," if the key does not exist",[31,18002,18003],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[31,18005,18006],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[16,18008,276],{},[49,18010,18012],{"className":51,"code":18011,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[20,18013,18014,18053,18057,18082],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18015,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18035,18037,18039,18041,18044,18046,18048,18051],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18017,11009],{"class":286},[58,18019,290],{"class":77},[58,18021,8630],{"class":68},[58,18023,940],{"class":939},[58,18025,5799],{"class":943},[58,18027,940],{"class":939},[58,18029,973],{"class":68},[58,18031,1450],{"class":939},[58,18033,18034],{"class":943},"Lina",[58,18036,940],{"class":939},[58,18038,1082],{"class":68},[58,18040,1450],{"class":939},[58,18042,18043],{"class":943},"grade",[58,18045,940],{"class":939},[58,18047,973],{"class":68},[58,18049,18050],{"class":81}," 90",[58,18052,7447],{"class":68},[58,18054,18055],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18056,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,18058,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,18060,65],{"class":64},[58,18062,69],{"class":68},[58,18064,11773],{"class":239},[58,18066,499],{"class":68},[58,18068,17902],{"class":239},[58,18070,69],{"class":68},[58,18072,940],{"class":939},[58,18074,5799],{"class":943},[58,18076,940],{"class":939},[58,18078,3486],{"class":68},[58,18080,18081],{"class":1773},"     # Lina\n",[58,18083,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,18085,65],{"class":64},[58,18087,69],{"class":68},[58,18089,11773],{"class":239},[58,18091,499],{"class":68},[58,18093,17902],{"class":239},[58,18095,69],{"class":68},[58,18097,940],{"class":939},[58,18099,13407],{"class":943},[58,18101,940],{"class":939},[58,18103,3486],{"class":68},[58,18105,18106],{"class":1773},"    # None\n",[16,18108,18109],{},"In this example:",[28,18111,18112,18117],{},[31,18113,18114,18116],{},[20,18115,13388],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[31,18118,18119,18122,18123,475,18125],{},[20,18120,18121],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[20,18124,8880],{},[20,18126,1891],{},[16,18128,11166,18129,499],{},[374,18130,7293],{"href":7292},[44,18132,222],{"id":221},[16,18134,18135,18136,973],{},"There are two common forms of ",[20,18137,8880],{},[49,18139,18141],{"className":51,"code":18140,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[20,18142,18143,18157],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18144,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18146,13753],{"class":286},[58,18148,499],{"class":68},[58,18150,17902],{"class":239},[58,18152,69],{"class":68},[58,18154,12989],{"class":239},[58,18156,243],{"class":68},[58,18158,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18174],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18160,13753],{"class":286},[58,18162,499],{"class":68},[58,18164,17902],{"class":239},[58,18166,69],{"class":68},[58,18168,12989],{"class":239},[58,18170,1082],{"class":68},[58,18172,18173],{"class":239}," default_value",[58,18175,243],{"class":68},[16,18177,18178],{},"What each part means:",[28,18180,18181,18186,18192],{},[31,18182,18183,18185],{},[20,18184,12989],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[31,18187,18188,18191],{},[20,18189,18190],{},"default_value"," is optional",[31,18193,18194,18195],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[20,18196,1891],{},[16,18198,276],{},[49,18200,18202],{"className":51,"code":18201,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[20,18203,18204,18228,18232,18257,18283],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18205,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18207,11973],{"class":286},[58,18209,290],{"class":77},[58,18211,8630],{"class":68},[58,18213,940],{"class":939},[58,18215,10639],{"class":943},[58,18217,940],{"class":939},[58,18219,973],{"class":68},[58,18221,1450],{"class":939},[58,18223,10648],{"class":943},[58,18225,940],{"class":939},[58,18227,7447],{"class":68},[58,18229,18230],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18231,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,18233,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,18235,65],{"class":64},[58,18237,69],{"class":68},[58,18239,12032],{"class":239},[58,18241,499],{"class":68},[58,18243,17902],{"class":239},[58,18245,69],{"class":68},[58,18247,940],{"class":939},[58,18249,10639],{"class":943},[58,18251,940],{"class":939},[58,18253,3486],{"class":68},[58,18255,18256],{"class":1773},"            # dark\n",[58,18258,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18276,18278,18280],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,18260,65],{"class":64},[58,18262,69],{"class":68},[58,18264,12032],{"class":239},[58,18266,499],{"class":68},[58,18268,17902],{"class":239},[58,18270,69],{"class":68},[58,18272,940],{"class":939},[58,18274,18275],{"class":943},"language",[58,18277,940],{"class":939},[58,18279,3486],{"class":68},[58,18281,18282],{"class":1773},"         # None\n",[58,18284,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18310,18312,18314],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,18286,65],{"class":64},[58,18288,69],{"class":68},[58,18290,12032],{"class":239},[58,18292,499],{"class":68},[58,18294,17902],{"class":239},[58,18296,69],{"class":68},[58,18298,940],{"class":939},[58,18300,18275],{"class":943},[58,18302,940],{"class":939},[58,18304,1082],{"class":68},[58,18306,1450],{"class":939},[58,18308,18309],{"class":943},"en",[58,18311,940],{"class":939},[58,18313,3486],{"class":68},[58,18315,18316],{"class":1773},"   # en\n",[44,18318,3083,18320],{"id":18319},"when-to-use-get",[20,18321,8880],{},[16,18323,155,18324,8741],{},[20,18325,8880],{},[28,18327,18328,18331,18336,18339],{},[31,18329,18330],{},"A key might not exist",[31,18332,18333,18334],{},"You want to avoid ",[20,18335,17839],{},[31,18337,18338],{},"You are reading optional data",[31,18340,18341],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[16,18343,18344],{},"Example with optional user data:",[49,18346,18348],{"className":51,"code":18347,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[20,18349,18350,18392,18396,18421,18447],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18351,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385,18388,18390],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18353,9631],{"class":286},[58,18355,290],{"class":77},[58,18357,8630],{"class":68},[58,18359,940],{"class":939},[58,18361,6118],{"class":943},[58,18363,940],{"class":939},[58,18365,973],{"class":68},[58,18367,1450],{"class":939},[58,18369,18370],{"class":943},"sam",[58,18372,940],{"class":939},[58,18374,1082],{"class":68},[58,18376,1450],{"class":939},[58,18378,13407],{"class":943},[58,18380,940],{"class":939},[58,18382,973],{"class":68},[58,18384,1450],{"class":939},[58,18386,18387],{"class":943},"sam@example.com",[58,18389,940],{"class":939},[58,18391,7447],{"class":68},[58,18393,18394],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18395,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,18397,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,18399,65],{"class":64},[58,18401,69],{"class":68},[58,18403,9725],{"class":239},[58,18405,499],{"class":68},[58,18407,17902],{"class":239},[58,18409,69],{"class":68},[58,18411,940],{"class":939},[58,18413,6118],{"class":943},[58,18415,940],{"class":939},[58,18417,3486],{"class":68},[58,18419,18420],{"class":1773},"              # sam\n",[58,18422,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18440,18442,18444],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,18424,65],{"class":64},[58,18426,69],{"class":68},[58,18428,9725],{"class":239},[58,18430,499],{"class":68},[58,18432,17902],{"class":239},[58,18434,69],{"class":68},[58,18436,940],{"class":939},[58,18438,18439],{"class":943},"phone",[58,18441,940],{"class":939},[58,18443,3486],{"class":68},[58,18445,18446],{"class":1773},"                 # None\n",[58,18448,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18474,18476,18478],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,18450,65],{"class":64},[58,18452,69],{"class":68},[58,18454,9725],{"class":239},[58,18456,499],{"class":68},[58,18458,17902],{"class":239},[58,18460,69],{"class":68},[58,18462,940],{"class":939},[58,18464,18439],{"class":943},[58,18466,940],{"class":939},[58,18468,1082],{"class":68},[58,18470,1450],{"class":939},[58,18472,18473],{"class":943},"Not provided",[58,18475,940],{"class":939},[58,18477,3486],{"class":68},[58,18479,18480],{"class":1773}," # Not provided\n",[16,18482,18483],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[16,18485,18486,18487,499],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[374,18488,14747],{"href":14746},[44,18490,18492,18494],{"id":18491},"get-vs-square-brackets",[20,18493,8880],{}," vs square brackets",[16,18496,18497],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[49,18499,18501],{"className":51,"code":18500,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[20,18502,18503,18517],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18504,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18506,7342],{"class":286},[58,18508,2016],{"class":68},[58,18510,940],{"class":939},[58,18512,12989],{"class":943},[58,18514,940],{"class":939},[58,18516,1743],{"class":68},[58,18518,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18520,7342],{"class":286},[58,18522,499],{"class":68},[58,18524,17902],{"class":239},[58,18526,69],{"class":68},[58,18528,940],{"class":939},[58,18530,12989],{"class":943},[58,18532,940],{"class":939},[58,18534,243],{"class":68},[16,18536,18537],{},"The difference is important.",[617,18539,18541],{"id":18540},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[16,18543,18544,18545,499],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[20,18546,17839],{},[49,18548,18550],{"className":51,"code":18549,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[20,18551,18552,18576,18580,18602],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18553,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18555,7303],{"class":286},[58,18557,290],{"class":77},[58,18559,8630],{"class":68},[58,18561,940],{"class":939},[58,18563,5799],{"class":943},[58,18565,940],{"class":939},[58,18567,973],{"class":68},[58,18569,1450],{"class":939},[58,18571,11026],{"class":943},[58,18573,940],{"class":939},[58,18575,7447],{"class":68},[58,18577,18578],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18579,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,18581,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18599],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,18583,65],{"class":64},[58,18585,69],{"class":68},[58,18587,7342],{"class":239},[58,18589,2016],{"class":68},[58,18591,940],{"class":939},[58,18593,5799],{"class":943},[58,18595,940],{"class":939},[58,18597,18598],{"class":68},"])",[58,18600,18601],{"class":1773},"   # Ana\n",[58,18603,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,18605,65],{"class":64},[58,18607,69],{"class":68},[58,18609,7342],{"class":239},[58,18611,2016],{"class":68},[58,18613,940],{"class":939},[58,18615,8548],{"class":943},[58,18617,940],{"class":939},[58,18619,18598],{"class":68},[58,18621,18622],{"class":1773},"   # KeyError\n",[617,18624,18625],{"id":17902},[20,18626,8880],{},[16,18628,18629,18631],{},[20,18630,8880],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[49,18633,18635],{"className":51,"code":18634,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[20,18636,18637,18661,18665,18689],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18638,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18640,7303],{"class":286},[58,18642,290],{"class":77},[58,18644,8630],{"class":68},[58,18646,940],{"class":939},[58,18648,5799],{"class":943},[58,18650,940],{"class":939},[58,18652,973],{"class":68},[58,18654,1450],{"class":939},[58,18656,11026],{"class":943},[58,18658,940],{"class":939},[58,18660,7447],{"class":68},[58,18662,18663],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18664,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,18666,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,18668,65],{"class":64},[58,18670,69],{"class":68},[58,18672,7342],{"class":239},[58,18674,499],{"class":68},[58,18676,17902],{"class":239},[58,18678,69],{"class":68},[58,18680,940],{"class":939},[58,18682,5799],{"class":943},[58,18684,940],{"class":939},[58,18686,3486],{"class":68},[58,18688,18601],{"class":1773},[58,18690,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,18692,65],{"class":64},[58,18694,69],{"class":68},[58,18696,7342],{"class":239},[58,18698,499],{"class":68},[58,18700,17902],{"class":239},[58,18702,69],{"class":68},[58,18704,940],{"class":939},[58,18706,8548],{"class":943},[58,18708,940],{"class":939},[58,18710,3486],{"class":68},[58,18712,18713],{"class":1773},"   # None\n",[16,18715,16846],{},[28,18717,18718,18724],{},[31,18719,18720,18721],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[1855,18722,18723],{},"must exist",[31,18725,18726,18728,18729],{},[20,18727,8880],{}," when the key is ",[1855,18730,18731],{},"optional",[16,18733,18734,18735,499],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[374,18736,9404],{"href":9215},[44,18738,18740],{"id":18739},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[16,18742,18743,18744,18746],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[20,18745,8880],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[49,18748,18750],{"className":51,"code":18749,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[20,18751,18752,18777,18781],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18753,18754,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18755,18756],{"class":286},"profile ",[58,18758,290],{"class":77},[58,18760,8630],{"class":68},[58,18762,940],{"class":939},[58,18764,5799],{"class":943},[58,18766,940],{"class":939},[58,18768,973],{"class":68},[58,18770,1450],{"class":939},[58,18772,6054],{"class":943},[58,18774,940],{"class":939},[58,18776,7447],{"class":68},[58,18778,18779],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18780,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,18782,18783,18785,18787,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18809,18811,18813],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,18784,65],{"class":64},[58,18786,69],{"class":68},[58,18788,18789],{"class":239},"profile",[58,18791,499],{"class":68},[58,18793,17902],{"class":239},[58,18795,69],{"class":68},[58,18797,940],{"class":939},[58,18799,13410],{"class":943},[58,18801,940],{"class":939},[58,18803,1082],{"class":68},[58,18805,1450],{"class":939},[58,18807,18808],{"class":943},"Unknown",[58,18810,940],{"class":939},[58,18812,3486],{"class":68},[58,18814,18815],{"class":1773},"  # Unknown\n",[16,18817,18818],{},"This is useful for display text:",[28,18820,18821,18826,18831],{},[31,18822,18823],{},[20,18824,18825],{},"\"Unknown\"",[31,18827,18828],{},[20,18829,18830],{},"\"Not set\"",[31,18832,18833],{},[20,18834,18835],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[16,18837,18838],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[49,18840,18842],{"className":51,"code":18841,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[20,18843,18844,18876,18880,18907],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18845,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18847,3186],{"class":286},[58,18849,290],{"class":77},[58,18851,8630],{"class":68},[58,18853,940],{"class":939},[58,18855,16568],{"class":943},[58,18857,940],{"class":939},[58,18859,973],{"class":68},[58,18861,4131],{"class":81},[58,18863,1082],{"class":68},[58,18865,1450],{"class":939},[58,18867,16577],{"class":943},[58,18869,940],{"class":939},[58,18871,973],{"class":68},[58,18873,4487],{"class":81},[58,18875,7447],{"class":68},[58,18877,18878],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,18879,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,18881,18882,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,18883,18884],{"class":286},"total_history ",[58,18886,290],{"class":77},[58,18888,3233],{"class":286},[58,18890,499],{"class":68},[58,18892,17902],{"class":239},[58,18894,69],{"class":68},[58,18896,940],{"class":939},[58,18898,16586],{"class":943},[58,18900,940],{"class":939},[58,18902,1082],{"class":68},[58,18904,1947],{"class":81},[58,18906,243],{"class":68},[58,18908,18909,18911,18913,18916,18918],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,18910,65],{"class":64},[58,18912,69],{"class":68},[58,18914,18915],{"class":239},"total_history",[58,18917,1770],{"class":68},[58,18919,18920],{"class":1773},"   # 0\n",[16,18922,18923,18924,18926],{},"Here, ",[20,18925,183],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[16,18928,18929],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[28,18931,18932,18935,18940,18945],{},[31,18933,18934],{},"Use a string for text",[31,18936,155,18937,18939],{},[20,18938,183],{}," for numbers",[31,18941,155,18942,18944],{},[20,18943,1900],{}," for lists if needed",[31,18946,155,18947,18949],{},[20,18948,1905],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[44,18951,18953],{"id":18952},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[16,18955,18956,18957,499],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[20,18958,8880],{},[617,18960,18962,18964],{"id":18961},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[20,18963,8880],{}," does not add a missing key",[16,18966,18967,18968,18970],{},"This code does ",[1855,18969,2751],{}," create a new key:",[49,18972,18974],{"className":51,"code":18973,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,18975,18976,19000,19004,19029],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,18977,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,18979,11351],{"class":286},[58,18981,290],{"class":77},[58,18983,8630],{"class":68},[58,18985,940],{"class":939},[58,18987,5799],{"class":943},[58,18989,940],{"class":939},[58,18991,973],{"class":68},[58,18993,1450],{"class":939},[58,18995,11026],{"class":943},[58,18997,940],{"class":939},[58,18999,7447],{"class":68},[58,19001,19002],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19003,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,19005,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,19007,65],{"class":64},[58,19009,69],{"class":68},[58,19011,15457],{"class":239},[58,19013,499],{"class":68},[58,19015,17902],{"class":239},[58,19017,69],{"class":68},[58,19019,940],{"class":939},[58,19021,8548],{"class":943},[58,19023,940],{"class":939},[58,19025,3486],{"class":68},[58,19027,19028],{"class":1773},"  # None\n",[58,19030,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,19032,65],{"class":64},[58,19034,69],{"class":68},[58,19036,15457],{"class":239},[58,19038,1770],{"class":68},[58,19040,19041],{"class":1773},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[16,19043,19044],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[617,19046,19048,19050],{"id":19047},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[20,19049,8880],{}," does not change the dictionary",[16,19052,19053],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[49,19055,19057],{"className":51,"code":19056,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,19058,19059,19085,19089,19115],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19060,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19072,19074,19076,19078,19081,19083],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19062,11973],{"class":286},[58,19064,290],{"class":77},[58,19066,8630],{"class":68},[58,19068,940],{"class":939},[58,19070,19071],{"class":943},"mode",[58,19073,940],{"class":939},[58,19075,973],{"class":68},[58,19077,1450],{"class":939},[58,19079,19080],{"class":943},"light",[58,19082,940],{"class":939},[58,19084,7447],{"class":68},[58,19086,19087],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19088,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,19090,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,19092,12032],{"class":286},[58,19094,499],{"class":68},[58,19096,17902],{"class":239},[58,19098,69],{"class":68},[58,19100,940],{"class":939},[58,19102,10639],{"class":943},[58,19104,940],{"class":939},[58,19106,1082],{"class":68},[58,19108,1450],{"class":939},[58,19110,10648],{"class":943},[58,19112,940],{"class":939},[58,19114,243],{"class":68},[58,19116,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,19118,65],{"class":64},[58,19120,69],{"class":68},[58,19122,12032],{"class":239},[58,19124,1770],{"class":68},[58,19126,19127],{"class":1773},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[16,19129,19130,19131,19134],{},"Even though ",[20,19132,19133],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[617,19136,19138,19139],{"id":19137},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[20,19140,1891],{},[16,19142,19143,19144,475,19146,19148],{},"Sometimes ",[20,19145,8880],{},[20,19147,1891],{}," because:",[28,19150,19151,19154],{},[31,19152,19153],{},"The key is missing, or",[31,19155,19156,19157],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[20,19158,1891],{},[16,19160,276],{},[49,19162,19164],{"className":51,"code":19163,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[20,19165,19166,19203,19207,19231],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19167,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19195,19197,19199,19201],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19169,7303],{"class":286},[58,19171,290],{"class":77},[58,19173,8630],{"class":68},[58,19175,940],{"class":939},[58,19177,5799],{"class":943},[58,19179,940],{"class":939},[58,19181,973],{"class":68},[58,19183,1450],{"class":939},[58,19185,11026],{"class":943},[58,19187,940],{"class":939},[58,19189,1082],{"class":68},[58,19191,1450],{"class":939},[58,19193,19194],{"class":943},"nickname",[58,19196,940],{"class":939},[58,19198,973],{"class":68},[58,19200,1967],{"class":1966},[58,19202,7447],{"class":68},[58,19204,19205],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19206,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,19208,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,19210,65],{"class":64},[58,19212,69],{"class":68},[58,19214,7342],{"class":239},[58,19216,499],{"class":68},[58,19218,17902],{"class":239},[58,19220,69],{"class":68},[58,19222,940],{"class":939},[58,19224,19194],{"class":943},[58,19226,940],{"class":939},[58,19228,3486],{"class":68},[58,19230,19028],{"class":1773},[58,19232,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,19234,65],{"class":64},[58,19236,69],{"class":68},[58,19238,7342],{"class":239},[58,19240,499],{"class":68},[58,19242,17902],{"class":239},[58,19244,69],{"class":68},[58,19246,940],{"class":939},[58,19248,8548],{"class":943},[58,19250,940],{"class":939},[58,19252,3486],{"class":68},[58,19254,19255],{"class":1773},"      # None\n",[16,19257,19258,19259,19261],{},"Both lines print ",[20,19260,1891],{},", but they mean different things.",[16,19263,19264,19265,973],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[20,19266,1998],{},[49,19268,19270],{"className":51,"code":19269,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[20,19271,19272,19308,19312,19333],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19273,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19275,7303],{"class":286},[58,19277,290],{"class":77},[58,19279,8630],{"class":68},[58,19281,940],{"class":939},[58,19283,5799],{"class":943},[58,19285,940],{"class":939},[58,19287,973],{"class":68},[58,19289,1450],{"class":939},[58,19291,11026],{"class":943},[58,19293,940],{"class":939},[58,19295,1082],{"class":68},[58,19297,1450],{"class":939},[58,19299,19194],{"class":943},[58,19301,940],{"class":939},[58,19303,973],{"class":68},[58,19305,1967],{"class":1966},[58,19307,7447],{"class":68},[58,19309,19310],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19311,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,19313,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19327,19329,19331],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,19315,65],{"class":64},[58,19317,69],{"class":68},[58,19319,940],{"class":939},[58,19321,19194],{"class":943},[58,19323,940],{"class":939},[58,19325,19326],{"class":1991}," in",[58,19328,12714],{"class":239},[58,19330,1770],{"class":68},[58,19332,1774],{"class":1773},[58,19334,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,19336,65],{"class":64},[58,19338,69],{"class":68},[58,19340,940],{"class":939},[58,19342,8548],{"class":943},[58,19344,940],{"class":939},[58,19346,19326],{"class":1991},[58,19348,12714],{"class":239},[58,19350,1770],{"class":68},[58,19352,19353],{"class":1773},"      # False\n",[16,19355,19356,19357,499],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[374,19358,19359],{"href":15303},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[44,19361,914],{"id":913},[16,19363,19364,19365,973],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[20,19366,8880],{},[28,19368,19369,19374,19381,19386],{},[31,19370,19371,19372],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[20,19373,17839],{},[31,19375,2825,19376,475,19378,19380],{},[20,19377,8880],{},[20,19379,1891],{}," if no default is provided",[31,19382,2699,19383,19385],{},[20,19384,8880],{}," creates a key automatically",[31,19387,19388],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[16,19390,19391],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[49,19393,19395],{"className":51,"code":19394,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[20,19396,19397,19407,19421,19439,19461],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19398,19399,19401,19403,19405],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19400,65],{"class":64},[58,19402,69],{"class":68},[58,19404,9592],{"class":239},[58,19406,243],{"class":68},[58,19408,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19410,65],{"class":64},[58,19412,69],{"class":68},[58,19414,9592],{"class":239},[58,19416,499],{"class":68},[58,19418,15073],{"class":239},[58,19420,5324],{"class":68},[58,19422,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,19424,65],{"class":64},[58,19426,69],{"class":68},[58,19428,1396],{"class":939},[58,19430,5799],{"class":943},[58,19432,1396],{"class":939},[58,19434,19326],{"class":1991},[58,19436,9910],{"class":239},[58,19438,243],{"class":68},[58,19440,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,19442,65],{"class":64},[58,19444,69],{"class":68},[58,19446,9592],{"class":239},[58,19448,499],{"class":68},[58,19450,17902],{"class":239},[58,19452,69],{"class":68},[58,19454,1396],{"class":939},[58,19456,5799],{"class":943},[58,19458,1396],{"class":939},[58,19460,85],{"class":68},[58,19462,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,19464,65],{"class":64},[58,19466,69],{"class":68},[58,19468,1316],{"class":991},[58,19470,69],{"class":68},[58,19472,9592],{"class":239},[58,19474,499],{"class":68},[58,19476,17902],{"class":239},[58,19478,69],{"class":68},[58,19480,1396],{"class":939},[58,19482,5799],{"class":943},[58,19484,1396],{"class":939},[58,19486,1002],{"class":68},[16,19488,19489],{},"What these checks tell you:",[28,19491,19492,19497,19503,19509,19515],{},[31,19493,19494,19496],{},[20,19495,10824],{}," shows the full dictionary",[31,19498,19499,19502],{},[20,19500,19501],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[31,19504,19505,19508],{},[20,19506,19507],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[31,19510,19511,19514],{},[20,19512,19513],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[31,19516,19517,19520],{},[20,19518,19519],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[16,19522,19523,19524,2512,19529,19533],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[374,19525,19526,19527,8881],{"href":15212},"the dictionary ",[20,19528,15215],{},[374,19530,19526,19531,8881],{"href":15225},[20,19532,15228],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[44,19535,1555],{"id":1554},[617,19537,10849,19539,19541,19542,573],{"id":19538},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[20,19540,8880],{}," raise ",[20,19543,17839],{},[16,19545,19546,19547,19549],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[20,19548,1891],{}," or the default value you provide.",[617,19551,10849,19553,19555],{"id":19552},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[20,19554,8880],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[16,19557,19558],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[617,19560,19562,19563,573],{"id":19561},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[20,19564,8880],{},[16,19566,19567,19569],{},[20,19568,1891],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[617,19571,19573,19574,19576],{"id":19572},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[20,19575,8880],{}," or square brackets?",[16,19578,155,19579,19581],{},[20,19580,8880],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[44,19583,1603],{"id":1602},[28,19585,19586,19590,19596,19602,19606,19611],{},[31,19587,19588],{},[374,19589,7293],{"href":7292},[31,19591,19592],{},[374,19593,8877,19594,8881],{"href":15212},[20,19595,15215],{},[31,19597,19598],{},[374,19599,8877,19600,8881],{"href":15225},[20,19601,15228],{},[31,19603,19604],{},[374,19605,15304],{"href":15303},[31,19607,19608],{},[374,19609,19610],{"href":14746},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[31,19612,19613],{},[374,19614,9404],{"href":9215},[1635,19616,19617],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":19619},[19620,19622,19623,19625,19630,19631,19639,19640,19650],{"id":17984,"depth":88,"text":19621},"What get() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":18319,"depth":88,"text":19624},"When to use get()",{"id":18491,"depth":88,"text":19626,"children":19627},"get() vs square brackets",[19628,19629],{"id":18540,"depth":104,"text":18541},{"id":17902,"depth":104,"text":8880},{"id":18739,"depth":88,"text":18740},{"id":18952,"depth":88,"text":18953,"children":19632},[19633,19635,19637],{"id":18961,"depth":104,"text":19634},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":19047,"depth":104,"text":19636},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":19137,"depth":104,"text":19638},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":19641},[19642,19644,19646,19648],{"id":19538,"depth":104,"text":19643},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":19552,"depth":104,"text":19645},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":19561,"depth":104,"text":19647},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":19572,"depth":104,"text":19649},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":17820,"description":19651},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":19658,"title":19659,"body":19660,"description":22217,"extension":1667,"meta":22218,"navigation":318,"path":22219,"seo":22220,"stem":22221,"__hash__":22222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":9,"value":19661,"toc":22183},[19662,19667,19673,19679,19681,19763,19767,19784,19789,19794,19799,19801,19815,19817,19880,19884,19924,19932,19934,19936,19951,19954,19967,19969,20048,20052,20118,20120,20124,20132,20134,20145,20147,20257,20261,20340,20346,20352,20357,20470,20474,20506,20509,20616,20622,20629,20633,20636,20739,20743,20804,20807,20810,20821,20830,20833,20850,20852,20951,20955,21030,21033,21056,21061,21066,21083,21085,21206,21210,21244,21246,21251,21258,21268,21270,21348,21351,21422,21432,21435,21467,21470,21509,21515,21522,21525,21616,21620,21701,21707,21710,21713,21818,21821,21824,21946,21950,21953,22020,22024,22061,22067,22069,22075,22080,22086,22093,22099,22102,22141,22147,22150,22152,22180],[12,19663,9460,19665,9464],{"id":19664},"python-dictionary-items-method",[20,19666,15228],{},[16,19668,18,19669,19672],{},[20,19670,19671],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[16,19674,19675,19676,19678],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[20,19677,15228],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[44,19680,47],{"id":46},[49,19682,19684],{"className":51,"code":19683,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[20,19685,19686,19722,19726,19749],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19687,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19689,11351],{"class":286},[58,19691,290],{"class":77},[58,19693,8630],{"class":68},[58,19695,940],{"class":939},[58,19697,5799],{"class":943},[58,19699,940],{"class":939},[58,19701,973],{"class":68},[58,19703,1450],{"class":939},[58,19705,11026],{"class":943},[58,19707,940],{"class":939},[58,19709,1082],{"class":68},[58,19711,1450],{"class":939},[58,19713,7437],{"class":943},[58,19715,940],{"class":939},[58,19717,973],{"class":68},[58,19719,7444],{"class":81},[58,19721,7447],{"class":68},[58,19723,19724],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19725,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,19727,19728,19730,19733,19735,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,19729,4084],{"class":1991},[58,19731,19732],{"class":286}," key",[58,19734,1082],{"class":68},[58,19736,19737],{"class":286}," value ",[58,19739,1998],{"class":1991},[58,19741,11394],{"class":286},[58,19743,499],{"class":68},[58,19745,5942],{"class":239},[58,19747,19748],{"class":68},"():\n",[58,19750,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,19752,6202],{"class":64},[58,19754,69],{"class":68},[58,19756,12989],{"class":239},[58,19758,1082],{"class":68},[58,19760,6568],{"class":239},[58,19762,243],{"class":68},[16,19764,19765],{},[1855,19766,132],{},[49,19768,19770],{"className":51,"code":19769,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[20,19771,19772,19777],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19773,19774],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19775,19776],{"class":286},"name Ana\n",[58,19778,19779,19782],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19780,19781],{"class":286},"age ",[58,19783,792],{"class":81},[16,19785,155,19786,19788],{},[20,19787,15228],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[44,19790,1788,19792,1791],{"id":19791},"what-items-does",[20,19793,15228],{},[16,19795,19796,19798],{},[20,19797,15228],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[16,19800,9601],{},[28,19802,19803,19809,19812],{},[31,19804,19805,19806],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[20,19807,19808],{},"(key, value)",[31,19810,19811],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[31,19813,19814],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[16,19816,276],{},[49,19818,19820],{"className":51,"code":19819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[20,19821,19822,19858,19862],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19823,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19825,11351],{"class":286},[58,19827,290],{"class":77},[58,19829,8630],{"class":68},[58,19831,940],{"class":939},[58,19833,5799],{"class":943},[58,19835,940],{"class":939},[58,19837,973],{"class":68},[58,19839,1450],{"class":939},[58,19841,11026],{"class":943},[58,19843,940],{"class":939},[58,19845,1082],{"class":68},[58,19847,1450],{"class":939},[58,19849,7437],{"class":943},[58,19851,940],{"class":939},[58,19853,973],{"class":68},[58,19855,7444],{"class":81},[58,19857,7447],{"class":68},[58,19859,19860],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,19861,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,19863,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,19865,65],{"class":64},[58,19867,69],{"class":68},[58,19869,6227],{"class":991},[58,19871,69],{"class":68},[58,19873,15457],{"class":239},[58,19875,499],{"class":68},[58,19877,5942],{"class":239},[58,19879,4417],{"class":68},[16,19881,19882],{},[1855,19883,132],{},[49,19885,19887],{"className":51,"code":19886,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[20,19888,19889],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19890,19891,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19892,19893],{"class":68},"[(",[58,19895,1396],{"class":939},[58,19897,5799],{"class":943},[58,19899,1396],{"class":939},[58,19901,1082],{"class":68},[58,19903,1391],{"class":939},[58,19905,11026],{"class":943},[58,19907,1396],{"class":939},[58,19909,7371],{"class":68},[58,19911,7374],{"class":68},[58,19913,1396],{"class":939},[58,19915,7437],{"class":943},[58,19917,1396],{"class":939},[58,19919,1082],{"class":68},[58,19921,7444],{"class":81},[58,19923,7387],{"class":68},[16,19925,19926,19927,966,19929,499],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[374,19928,7293],{"href":11169},[374,19930,13173],{"href":19931},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[44,19933,222],{"id":221},[16,19935,3559],{},[49,19937,19939],{"className":51,"code":19938,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict.items()\n",[20,19940,19941],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19942,19943,19945,19947,19949],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19944,9592],{"class":286},[58,19946,499],{"class":68},[58,19948,5942],{"class":239},[58,19950,6779],{"class":68},[16,19952,19953],{},"Things to remember:",[28,19955,19956,19961,19964],{},[31,19957,19958,19960],{},[20,19959,15228],{}," does not take any arguments",[31,19962,19963],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[31,19965,19966],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[16,19968,276],{},[49,19970,19972],{"className":51,"code":19971,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[20,19973,19974,20006,20010,20024,20028,20038],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,19975,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,19977,3186],{"class":286},[58,19979,290],{"class":77},[58,19981,8630],{"class":68},[58,19983,940],{"class":939},[58,19985,3126],{"class":943},[58,19987,940],{"class":939},[58,19989,973],{"class":68},[58,19991,18050],{"class":81},[58,19993,1082],{"class":68},[58,19995,1450],{"class":939},[58,19997,3135],{"class":943},[58,19999,940],{"class":939},[58,20001,973],{"class":68},[58,20003,11654],{"class":81},[58,20005,7447],{"class":68},[58,20007,20008],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20009,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20011,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20013,301],{"class":286},[58,20015,290],{"class":77},[58,20017,3233],{"class":286},[58,20019,499],{"class":68},[58,20021,5942],{"class":239},[58,20023,6779],{"class":68},[58,20025,20026],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,20027,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20029,20030,20032,20034,20036],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,20031,65],{"class":64},[58,20033,69],{"class":68},[58,20035,340],{"class":239},[58,20037,243],{"class":68},[58,20039,20040,20042,20044,20046],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,20041,65],{"class":64},[58,20043,69],{"class":68},[58,20045,14538],{"class":239},[58,20047,243],{"class":68},[16,20049,20050],{},[1855,20051,132],{},[49,20053,20055],{"className":51,"code":20054,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[20,20056,20057,20090],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20058,20059,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20060,20061],{"class":239},"dict_items",[58,20063,7796],{"class":68},[58,20065,1396],{"class":939},[58,20067,3126],{"class":943},[58,20069,1396],{"class":939},[58,20071,1082],{"class":68},[58,20073,18050],{"class":81},[58,20075,7371],{"class":68},[58,20077,7374],{"class":68},[58,20079,1396],{"class":939},[58,20081,3135],{"class":943},[58,20083,1396],{"class":939},[58,20085,1082],{"class":68},[58,20087,11654],{"class":81},[58,20089,8819],{"class":68},[58,20091,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20093,7416],{"class":68},[58,20095,1396],{"class":939},[58,20097,3126],{"class":943},[58,20099,1396],{"class":939},[58,20101,973],{"class":68},[58,20103,18050],{"class":81},[58,20105,1082],{"class":68},[58,20107,1391],{"class":939},[58,20109,3135],{"class":943},[58,20111,1396],{"class":939},[58,20113,973],{"class":68},[58,20115,11654],{"class":81},[58,20117,7447],{"class":68},[16,20119,19044],{},[44,20121,20123],{"id":20122},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[16,20125,20126,20128,20129,20131],{},[20,20127,15228],{}," returns a ",[20,20130,20061],{}," view object.",[16,20133,170],{},[28,20135,20136,20139,20142],{},[31,20137,20138],{},"You can loop over it",[31,20140,20141],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[31,20143,20144],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[16,20146,276],{},[49,20148,20150],{"className":51,"code":20149,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[20,20151,20152,20184,20198,20202,20216,20220,20239,20243],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20153,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20155,7303],{"class":286},[58,20157,290],{"class":77},[58,20159,8630],{"class":68},[58,20161,940],{"class":939},[58,20163,240],{"class":943},[58,20165,940],{"class":939},[58,20167,973],{"class":68},[58,20169,3623],{"class":81},[58,20171,1082],{"class":68},[58,20173,1450],{"class":939},[58,20175,9889],{"class":943},[58,20177,940],{"class":939},[58,20179,973],{"class":68},[58,20181,1085],{"class":81},[58,20183,7447],{"class":68},[58,20185,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20187,7353],{"class":286},[58,20189,290],{"class":77},[58,20191,12714],{"class":286},[58,20193,499],{"class":68},[58,20195,5942],{"class":239},[58,20197,6779],{"class":68},[58,20199,20200],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20201,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20203,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,20205,65],{"class":64},[58,20207,69],{"class":68},[58,20209,6227],{"class":991},[58,20211,69],{"class":68},[58,20213,7400],{"class":239},[58,20215,85],{"class":68},[58,20217,20218],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,20219,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20221,20222,20224,20226,20228,20231,20233,20235,20237],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,20223,7342],{"class":286},[58,20225,2016],{"class":68},[58,20227,940],{"class":939},[58,20229,20230],{"class":943},"z",[58,20232,940],{"class":939},[58,20234,11420],{"class":68},[58,20236,11423],{"class":77},[58,20238,660],{"class":81},[58,20240,20241],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,20242,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20244,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,20246,65],{"class":64},[58,20248,69],{"class":68},[58,20250,6227],{"class":991},[58,20252,69],{"class":68},[58,20254,7400],{"class":239},[58,20256,85],{"class":68},[16,20258,20259],{},[1855,20260,132],{},[49,20262,20264],{"className":51,"code":20263,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[20,20265,20266,20296],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20267,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20269,19893],{"class":68},[58,20271,1396],{"class":939},[58,20273,240],{"class":943},[58,20275,1396],{"class":939},[58,20277,1082],{"class":68},[58,20279,3623],{"class":81},[58,20281,7371],{"class":68},[58,20283,7374],{"class":68},[58,20285,1396],{"class":939},[58,20287,9889],{"class":943},[58,20289,1396],{"class":939},[58,20291,1082],{"class":68},[58,20293,1085],{"class":81},[58,20295,7387],{"class":68},[58,20297,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20299,19893],{"class":68},[58,20301,1396],{"class":939},[58,20303,240],{"class":943},[58,20305,1396],{"class":939},[58,20307,1082],{"class":68},[58,20309,3623],{"class":81},[58,20311,7371],{"class":68},[58,20313,7374],{"class":68},[58,20315,1396],{"class":939},[58,20317,9889],{"class":943},[58,20319,1396],{"class":939},[58,20321,1082],{"class":68},[58,20323,1085],{"class":81},[58,20325,7371],{"class":68},[58,20327,7374],{"class":68},[58,20329,1396],{"class":939},[58,20331,20230],{"class":943},[58,20333,1396],{"class":939},[58,20335,1082],{"class":68},[58,20337,531],{"class":81},[58,20339,7387],{"class":68},[16,20341,20342,20343,20345],{},"This happens because ",[20,20344,7400],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[44,20347,20349,20350],{"id":20348},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[20,20351,15228],{},[16,20353,20354,20355,973],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[20,20356,15228],{},[49,20358,20360],{"className":51,"code":20359,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[20,20361,20362,20415,20419,20439],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20363,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20365,11009],{"class":286},[58,20367,290],{"class":77},[58,20369,8630],{"class":68},[58,20371,940],{"class":939},[58,20373,5799],{"class":943},[58,20375,940],{"class":939},[58,20377,973],{"class":68},[58,20379,1450],{"class":939},[58,20381,6054],{"class":943},[58,20383,940],{"class":939},[58,20385,1082],{"class":68},[58,20387,1450],{"class":939},[58,20389,18043],{"class":943},[58,20391,940],{"class":939},[58,20393,973],{"class":68},[58,20395,1450],{"class":939},[58,20397,20398],{"class":943},"A",[58,20400,940],{"class":939},[58,20402,1082],{"class":68},[58,20404,1450],{"class":939},[58,20406,7437],{"class":943},[58,20408,940],{"class":939},[58,20410,973],{"class":68},[58,20412,12005],{"class":81},[58,20414,7447],{"class":68},[58,20416,20417],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20418,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20420,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20422,4084],{"class":1991},[58,20424,19732],{"class":286},[58,20426,1082],{"class":68},[58,20428,19737],{"class":286},[58,20430,1998],{"class":1991},[58,20432,11052],{"class":286},[58,20434,499],{"class":68},[58,20436,5942],{"class":239},[58,20438,19748],{"class":68},[58,20440,20441,20443,20445,20448,20450,20452,20454,20457,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,20442,6202],{"class":64},[58,20444,69],{"class":68},[58,20446,20447],{"class":126},"f",[58,20449,940],{"class":943},[58,20451,7416],{"class":81},[58,20453,12989],{"class":239},[58,20455,20456],{"class":81},"}",[58,20458,20459],{"class":943},": ",[58,20461,7416],{"class":81},[58,20463,553],{"class":239},[58,20465,20456],{"class":81},[58,20467,940],{"class":943},[58,20469,243],{"class":68},[16,20471,20472],{},[1855,20473,132],{},[49,20475,20477],{"className":51,"code":20476,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[20,20478,20479,20488,20497],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20480,20481,20483,20485],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20482,5799],{"class":286},[58,20484,973],{"class":68},[58,20486,20487],{"class":286}," Mia\n",[58,20489,20490,20492,20494],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20491,18043],{"class":286},[58,20493,973],{"class":68},[58,20495,20496],{"class":286}," A\n",[58,20498,20499,20501,20503],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20500,7437],{"class":286},[58,20502,973],{"class":68},[58,20504,20505],{"class":81}," 14\n",[16,20507,20508],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[49,20510,20512],{"className":51,"code":20511,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[20,20513,20514,20566,20570,20582],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20515,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20517,11009],{"class":286},[58,20519,290],{"class":77},[58,20521,8630],{"class":68},[58,20523,940],{"class":939},[58,20525,5799],{"class":943},[58,20527,940],{"class":939},[58,20529,973],{"class":68},[58,20531,1450],{"class":939},[58,20533,6054],{"class":943},[58,20535,940],{"class":939},[58,20537,1082],{"class":68},[58,20539,1450],{"class":939},[58,20541,18043],{"class":943},[58,20543,940],{"class":939},[58,20545,973],{"class":68},[58,20547,1450],{"class":939},[58,20549,20398],{"class":943},[58,20551,940],{"class":939},[58,20553,1082],{"class":68},[58,20555,1450],{"class":939},[58,20557,7437],{"class":943},[58,20559,940],{"class":939},[58,20561,973],{"class":68},[58,20563,12005],{"class":81},[58,20565,7447],{"class":68},[58,20567,20568],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20569,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20571,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20573,4084],{"class":1991},[58,20575,16360],{"class":286},[58,20577,1998],{"class":1991},[58,20579,11052],{"class":286},[58,20581,4521],{"class":68},[58,20583,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,20585,6202],{"class":64},[58,20587,69],{"class":68},[58,20589,20447],{"class":126},[58,20591,940],{"class":943},[58,20593,7416],{"class":81},[58,20595,12989],{"class":239},[58,20597,20456],{"class":81},[58,20599,20459],{"class":943},[58,20601,7416],{"class":81},[58,20603,11773],{"class":239},[58,20605,2016],{"class":68},[58,20607,12989],{"class":239},[58,20609,11420],{"class":68},[58,20611,20456],{"class":81},[58,20613,940],{"class":943},[58,20615,243],{"class":68},[16,20617,4639,20618,20621],{},[20,20619,20620],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[16,20623,20624,20625,499],{},"For a full guide, see ",[374,20626,20628],{"href":20627},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[44,20630,20632],{"id":20631},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[16,20634,20635],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[49,20637,20639],{"className":51,"code":20638,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[20,20640,20641,20700,20704,20724,20728],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20642,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20678,20680,20682,20684,20687,20689,20691,20693,20696,20698],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20644,11222],{"class":286},[58,20646,290],{"class":77},[58,20648,8630],{"class":68},[58,20650,940],{"class":939},[58,20652,2196],{"class":943},[58,20654,940],{"class":939},[58,20656,973],{"class":68},[58,20658,1450],{"class":939},[58,20660,11239],{"class":943},[58,20662,940],{"class":939},[58,20664,1082],{"class":68},[58,20666,1450],{"class":939},[58,20668,2205],{"class":943},[58,20670,940],{"class":939},[58,20672,973],{"class":68},[58,20674,1450],{"class":939},[58,20676,20677],{"class":943},"yellow",[58,20679,940],{"class":939},[58,20681,1082],{"class":68},[58,20683,1450],{"class":939},[58,20685,20686],{"class":943},"grape",[58,20688,940],{"class":939},[58,20690,973],{"class":68},[58,20692,1450],{"class":939},[58,20694,20695],{"class":943},"purple",[58,20697,940],{"class":939},[58,20699,7447],{"class":68},[58,20701,20702],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20703,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20705,20706,20709,20711,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20707,20708],{"class":286},"pairs_list ",[58,20710,290],{"class":77},[58,20712,20713],{"class":991}," list",[58,20715,69],{"class":68},[58,20717,15653],{"class":239},[58,20719,499],{"class":68},[58,20721,5942],{"class":239},[58,20723,5324],{"class":68},[58,20725,20726],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,20727,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20729,20730,20732,20734,20737],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,20731,65],{"class":64},[58,20733,69],{"class":68},[58,20735,20736],{"class":239},"pairs_list",[58,20738,243],{"class":68},[16,20740,20741],{},[1855,20742,132],{},[49,20744,20746],{"className":51,"code":20745,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[20,20747,20748],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20749,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20751,19893],{"class":68},[58,20753,1396],{"class":939},[58,20755,2196],{"class":943},[58,20757,1396],{"class":939},[58,20759,1082],{"class":68},[58,20761,1391],{"class":939},[58,20763,11239],{"class":943},[58,20765,1396],{"class":939},[58,20767,7371],{"class":68},[58,20769,7374],{"class":68},[58,20771,1396],{"class":939},[58,20773,2205],{"class":943},[58,20775,1396],{"class":939},[58,20777,1082],{"class":68},[58,20779,1391],{"class":939},[58,20781,20677],{"class":943},[58,20783,1396],{"class":939},[58,20785,7371],{"class":68},[58,20787,7374],{"class":68},[58,20789,1396],{"class":939},[58,20791,20686],{"class":943},[58,20793,1396],{"class":939},[58,20795,1082],{"class":68},[58,20797,1391],{"class":939},[58,20799,20695],{"class":943},[58,20801,1396],{"class":939},[58,20803,7387],{"class":68},[16,20805,20806],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[16,20808,20809],{},"Use this when:",[28,20811,20812,20815,20818],{},[31,20813,20814],{},"You want clearer printed output",[31,20816,20817],{},"You need list behavior",[31,20819,20820],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[44,20822,20824,8725,20826,8725,20828],{"id":20823},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[20,20825,15228],{},[20,20827,15215],{},[20,20829,15221],{},[16,20831,20832],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[28,20834,20835,20840,20845],{},[31,20836,20837,20839],{},[20,20838,15228],{}," gives both key and value",[31,20841,20842,20844],{},[20,20843,15215],{}," gives only keys",[31,20846,20847,20849],{},[20,20848,15221],{}," gives only values",[16,20851,276],{},[49,20853,20855],{"className":51,"code":20854,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[20,20856,20857,20893,20897,20915,20933],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20858,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889,20891],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20860,11351],{"class":286},[58,20862,290],{"class":77},[58,20864,8630],{"class":68},[58,20866,940],{"class":939},[58,20868,5799],{"class":943},[58,20870,940],{"class":939},[58,20872,973],{"class":68},[58,20874,1450],{"class":939},[58,20876,11026],{"class":943},[58,20878,940],{"class":939},[58,20880,1082],{"class":68},[58,20882,1450],{"class":939},[58,20884,7437],{"class":943},[58,20886,940],{"class":939},[58,20888,973],{"class":68},[58,20890,7444],{"class":81},[58,20892,7447],{"class":68},[58,20894,20895],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20896,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,20898,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20900,65],{"class":64},[58,20902,69],{"class":68},[58,20904,6227],{"class":991},[58,20906,69],{"class":68},[58,20908,15457],{"class":239},[58,20910,499],{"class":68},[58,20912,15073],{"class":239},[58,20914,4417],{"class":68},[58,20916,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,20918,65],{"class":64},[58,20920,69],{"class":68},[58,20922,6227],{"class":991},[58,20924,69],{"class":68},[58,20926,15457],{"class":239},[58,20928,499],{"class":68},[58,20930,3483],{"class":239},[58,20932,4417],{"class":68},[58,20934,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,20936,65],{"class":64},[58,20938,69],{"class":68},[58,20940,6227],{"class":991},[58,20942,69],{"class":68},[58,20944,15457],{"class":239},[58,20946,499],{"class":68},[58,20948,5942],{"class":239},[58,20950,4417],{"class":68},[16,20952,20953],{},[1855,20954,132],{},[49,20956,20958],{"className":51,"code":20957,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[20,20959,20960,20980,20996],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,20961,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,20963,2016],{"class":68},[58,20965,1396],{"class":939},[58,20967,5799],{"class":943},[58,20969,1396],{"class":939},[58,20971,1082],{"class":68},[58,20973,1391],{"class":939},[58,20975,7437],{"class":943},[58,20977,1396],{"class":939},[58,20979,1743],{"class":68},[58,20981,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990,20992,20994],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,20983,2016],{"class":68},[58,20985,1396],{"class":939},[58,20987,11026],{"class":943},[58,20989,1396],{"class":939},[58,20991,1082],{"class":68},[58,20993,7444],{"class":81},[58,20995,1743],{"class":68},[58,20997,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,20999,19893],{"class":68},[58,21001,1396],{"class":939},[58,21003,5799],{"class":943},[58,21005,1396],{"class":939},[58,21007,1082],{"class":68},[58,21009,1391],{"class":939},[58,21011,11026],{"class":943},[58,21013,1396],{"class":939},[58,21015,7371],{"class":68},[58,21017,7374],{"class":68},[58,21019,1396],{"class":939},[58,21021,7437],{"class":943},[58,21023,1396],{"class":939},[58,21025,1082],{"class":68},[58,21027,7444],{"class":81},[58,21029,7387],{"class":68},[16,21031,21032],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[28,21034,21035,21043,21051],{},[31,21036,21037,21038],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[374,21039,21041],{"href":21040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[20,21042,15215],{},[31,21044,21045,21046],{},"Need just values? Use ",[374,21047,21049],{"href":21048},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[20,21050,15221],{},[31,21052,21053,21054],{},"Need both together? Use ",[20,21055,15228],{},[44,21057,3083,21059],{"id":21058},"when-to-use-items",[20,21060,15228],{},[16,21062,21063,21065],{},[20,21064,15228],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[28,21067,21068,21071,21074,21077,21080],{},[31,21069,21070],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[31,21072,21073],{},"Building formatted output",[31,21075,21076],{},"Looping through settings and values",[31,21078,21079],{},"Showing names with scores",[31,21081,21082],{},"Working with labels and their data",[16,21084,276],{},[49,21086,21088],{"className":51,"code":21087,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[20,21089,21090,21098,21116,21135,21147,21151,21155,21176],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21091,21092,21094,21096],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21093,11973],{"class":286},[58,21095,290],{"class":77},[58,21097,9636],{"class":68},[58,21099,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21101,9641],{"class":939},[58,21103,10639],{"class":943},[58,21105,940],{"class":939},[58,21107,973],{"class":68},[58,21109,1450],{"class":939},[58,21111,10648],{"class":943},[58,21113,940],{"class":939},[58,21115,9657],{"class":68},[58,21117,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21131,21133],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21119,9641],{"class":939},[58,21121,18275],{"class":943},[58,21123,940],{"class":939},[58,21125,973],{"class":68},[58,21127,1450],{"class":939},[58,21129,21130],{"class":943},"English",[58,21132,940],{"class":939},[58,21134,9657],{"class":68},[58,21136,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,21138,9641],{"class":939},[58,21140,16676],{"class":943},[58,21142,940],{"class":939},[58,21144,973],{"class":68},[58,21146,4551],{"class":1966},[58,21148,21149],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,21150,7447],{"class":68},[58,21152,21153],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,21154,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21156,21157,21159,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,21158,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21160,21161],{"class":286}," setting",[58,21163,1082],{"class":68},[58,21165,19737],{"class":286},[58,21167,1998],{"class":1991},[58,21169,12017],{"class":286},[58,21171,499],{"class":68},[58,21173,5942],{"class":239},[58,21175,19748],{"class":68},[58,21177,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21191,21193,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,21179,6202],{"class":64},[58,21181,69],{"class":68},[58,21183,20447],{"class":126},[58,21185,940],{"class":943},[58,21187,7416],{"class":81},[58,21189,21190],{"class":239},"setting",[58,21192,20456],{"class":81},[58,21194,21195],{"class":943}," = ",[58,21197,7416],{"class":81},[58,21199,553],{"class":239},[58,21201,20456],{"class":81},[58,21203,940],{"class":943},[58,21205,243],{"class":68},[16,21207,21208],{},[1855,21209,132],{},[49,21211,21213],{"className":51,"code":21212,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[20,21214,21215,21225,21235],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21216,21217,21220,21222],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21218,21219],{"class":286},"theme ",[58,21221,290],{"class":77},[58,21223,21224],{"class":286}," dark\n",[58,21226,21227,21230,21232],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21228,21229],{"class":286},"language ",[58,21231,290],{"class":77},[58,21233,21234],{"class":286}," English\n",[58,21236,21237,21240,21242],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21238,21239],{"class":286},"notifications ",[58,21241,290],{"class":77},[58,21243,4551],{"class":1966},[44,21245,914],{"id":913},[16,21247,21248,21249,499],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[20,21250,15228],{},[617,21252,21254,21255,21257],{"id":21253},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[20,21256,15228],{}," incorrectly",[16,21259,21260,21261,21263,21264,21267],{},"Each result from ",[20,21262,15228],{}," has ",[1855,21265,21266],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[16,21269,4817],{},[49,21271,21272],{"className":51,"code":19683,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,21273,21274,21310,21314,21334],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21275,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21277,11351],{"class":286},[58,21279,290],{"class":77},[58,21281,8630],{"class":68},[58,21283,940],{"class":939},[58,21285,5799],{"class":943},[58,21287,940],{"class":939},[58,21289,973],{"class":68},[58,21291,1450],{"class":939},[58,21293,11026],{"class":943},[58,21295,940],{"class":939},[58,21297,1082],{"class":68},[58,21299,1450],{"class":939},[58,21301,7437],{"class":943},[58,21303,940],{"class":939},[58,21305,973],{"class":68},[58,21307,7444],{"class":81},[58,21309,7447],{"class":68},[58,21311,21312],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21313,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21315,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21317,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21319,19732],{"class":286},[58,21321,1082],{"class":68},[58,21323,19737],{"class":286},[58,21325,1998],{"class":1991},[58,21327,11394],{"class":286},[58,21329,499],{"class":68},[58,21331,5942],{"class":239},[58,21333,19748],{"class":68},[58,21335,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,21337,6202],{"class":64},[58,21339,69],{"class":68},[58,21341,12989],{"class":239},[58,21343,1082],{"class":68},[58,21345,6568],{"class":239},[58,21347,243],{"class":68},[16,21349,21350],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[49,21352,21354],{"className":51,"code":21353,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[20,21355,21356,21392,21396,21412],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21357,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21359,11351],{"class":286},[58,21361,290],{"class":77},[58,21363,8630],{"class":68},[58,21365,940],{"class":939},[58,21367,5799],{"class":943},[58,21369,940],{"class":939},[58,21371,973],{"class":68},[58,21373,1450],{"class":939},[58,21375,11026],{"class":943},[58,21377,940],{"class":939},[58,21379,1082],{"class":68},[58,21381,1450],{"class":939},[58,21383,7437],{"class":943},[58,21385,940],{"class":939},[58,21387,973],{"class":68},[58,21389,7444],{"class":81},[58,21391,7447],{"class":68},[58,21393,21394],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21395,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21397,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21399,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21401,16360],{"class":286},[58,21403,1998],{"class":1991},[58,21405,11394],{"class":286},[58,21407,499],{"class":68},[58,21409,5942],{"class":239},[58,21411,19748],{"class":68},[58,21413,21414,21416,21418,21420],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,21415,6202],{"class":64},[58,21417,69],{"class":68},[58,21419,12989],{"class":239},[58,21421,243],{"class":68},[16,21423,21424,21425,21427,21428,21431],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[20,21426,12989],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[20,21429,21430],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[16,21433,21434],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[49,21436,21438],{"className":51,"code":21437,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[20,21439,21440,21456],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21441,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21443,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21445,4087],{"class":286},[58,21447,1998],{"class":1991},[58,21449,11394],{"class":286},[58,21451,499],{"class":68},[58,21453,5942],{"class":239},[58,21455,19748],{"class":68},[58,21457,21458,21460,21462,21465],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21459,6202],{"class":64},[58,21461,69],{"class":68},[58,21463,21464],{"class":239},"item",[58,21466,243],{"class":68},[16,21468,21469],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[49,21471,21473],{"className":51,"code":21472,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[20,21474,21475,21495],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21476,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21478,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21480,19732],{"class":286},[58,21482,1082],{"class":68},[58,21484,19737],{"class":286},[58,21486,1998],{"class":1991},[58,21488,11394],{"class":286},[58,21490,499],{"class":68},[58,21492,5942],{"class":239},[58,21494,19748],{"class":68},[58,21496,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21498,6202],{"class":64},[58,21500,69],{"class":68},[58,21502,12989],{"class":239},[58,21504,1082],{"class":68},[58,21506,6568],{"class":239},[58,21508,243],{"class":68},[617,21510,6588,21512,21514],{"id":21511},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[20,21513,15228],{}," to return a regular list",[16,21516,21517,20128,21519,21521],{},[20,21518,15228],{},[20,21520,20061],{}," object, not a list.",[16,21523,21524],{},"Check it:",[49,21526,21528],{"className":51,"code":21527,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[20,21529,21530,21562,21566,21580,21598],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21531,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21533,9868],{"class":286},[58,21535,290],{"class":77},[58,21537,8630],{"class":68},[58,21539,940],{"class":939},[58,21541,374],{"class":943},[58,21543,940],{"class":939},[58,21545,973],{"class":68},[58,21547,3623],{"class":81},[58,21549,1082],{"class":68},[58,21551,1450],{"class":939},[58,21553,2882],{"class":943},[58,21555,940],{"class":939},[58,21557,973],{"class":68},[58,21559,1085],{"class":81},[58,21561,7447],{"class":68},[58,21563,21564],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21565,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21567,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21569,65],{"class":64},[58,21571,69],{"class":68},[58,21573,9592],{"class":239},[58,21575,499],{"class":68},[58,21577,5942],{"class":239},[58,21579,5324],{"class":68},[58,21581,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,21583,65],{"class":64},[58,21585,69],{"class":68},[58,21587,1316],{"class":991},[58,21589,69],{"class":68},[58,21591,9592],{"class":239},[58,21593,499],{"class":68},[58,21595,5942],{"class":239},[58,21597,4417],{"class":68},[58,21599,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,21601,65],{"class":64},[58,21603,69],{"class":68},[58,21605,6227],{"class":991},[58,21607,69],{"class":68},[58,21609,9592],{"class":239},[58,21611,499],{"class":68},[58,21613,5942],{"class":239},[58,21615,4417],{"class":68},[16,21617,21618],{},[1855,21619,132],{},[49,21621,21623],{"className":51,"code":21622,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[20,21624,21625,21657,21671],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21626,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21628,20061],{"class":239},[58,21630,7796],{"class":68},[58,21632,1396],{"class":939},[58,21634,374],{"class":943},[58,21636,1396],{"class":939},[58,21638,1082],{"class":68},[58,21640,3623],{"class":81},[58,21642,7371],{"class":68},[58,21644,7374],{"class":68},[58,21646,1396],{"class":939},[58,21648,2882],{"class":943},[58,21650,1396],{"class":939},[58,21652,1082],{"class":68},[58,21654,1085],{"class":81},[58,21656,8819],{"class":68},[58,21658,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21660,1385],{"class":77},[58,21662,1388],{"class":126},[58,21664,1391],{"class":939},[58,21666,20061],{"class":943},[58,21668,1396],{"class":939},[58,21670,1399],{"class":77},[58,21672,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21674,19893],{"class":68},[58,21676,1396],{"class":939},[58,21678,374],{"class":943},[58,21680,1396],{"class":939},[58,21682,1082],{"class":68},[58,21684,3623],{"class":81},[58,21686,7371],{"class":68},[58,21688,7374],{"class":68},[58,21690,1396],{"class":939},[58,21692,2882],{"class":943},[58,21694,1396],{"class":939},[58,21696,1082],{"class":68},[58,21698,1085],{"class":81},[58,21700,7387],{"class":68},[617,21702,21704,21705],{"id":21703},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[20,21706,15228],{},[16,21708,21709],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[16,21711,21712],{},"Problem example:",[49,21714,21716],{"className":51,"code":21715,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[20,21717,21718,21762,21766,21786,21798],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21719,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21721,1725],{"class":286},[58,21723,290],{"class":77},[58,21725,8630],{"class":68},[58,21727,940],{"class":939},[58,21729,374],{"class":943},[58,21731,940],{"class":939},[58,21733,973],{"class":68},[58,21735,3623],{"class":81},[58,21737,1082],{"class":68},[58,21739,1450],{"class":939},[58,21741,2882],{"class":943},[58,21743,940],{"class":939},[58,21745,973],{"class":68},[58,21747,1085],{"class":81},[58,21749,1082],{"class":68},[58,21751,1450],{"class":939},[58,21753,7878],{"class":943},[58,21755,940],{"class":939},[58,21757,973],{"class":68},[58,21759,531],{"class":81},[58,21761,7447],{"class":68},[58,21763,21764],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21765,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21767,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21769,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21771,19732],{"class":286},[58,21773,1082],{"class":68},[58,21775,19737],{"class":286},[58,21777,1998],{"class":1991},[58,21779,2381],{"class":286},[58,21781,499],{"class":68},[58,21783,5942],{"class":239},[58,21785,19748],{"class":68},[58,21787,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,21789,4526],{"class":1991},[58,21791,19737],{"class":286},[58,21793,2809],{"class":77},[58,21795,1085],{"class":81},[58,21797,4521],{"class":68},[58,21799,21800,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,21801,21802],{"class":286},"        numbers",[58,21804,2016],{"class":68},[58,21806,940],{"class":939},[58,21808,16919],{"class":943},[58,21810,940],{"class":939},[58,21812,11420],{"class":68},[58,21814,11423],{"class":77},[58,21816,21817],{"class":81}," 4\n",[16,21819,21820],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[16,21822,21823],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[49,21825,21827],{"className":51,"code":21826,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,21828,21829,21873,21877,21902,21914,21932,21936],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21830,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21832,1725],{"class":286},[58,21834,290],{"class":77},[58,21836,8630],{"class":68},[58,21838,940],{"class":939},[58,21840,374],{"class":943},[58,21842,940],{"class":939},[58,21844,973],{"class":68},[58,21846,3623],{"class":81},[58,21848,1082],{"class":68},[58,21850,1450],{"class":939},[58,21852,2882],{"class":943},[58,21854,940],{"class":939},[58,21856,973],{"class":68},[58,21858,1085],{"class":81},[58,21860,1082],{"class":68},[58,21862,1450],{"class":939},[58,21864,7878],{"class":943},[58,21866,940],{"class":939},[58,21868,973],{"class":68},[58,21870,531],{"class":81},[58,21872,7447],{"class":68},[58,21874,21875],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21876,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21878,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21880,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21882,19732],{"class":286},[58,21884,1082],{"class":68},[58,21886,19737],{"class":286},[58,21888,1998],{"class":1991},[58,21890,20713],{"class":991},[58,21892,69],{"class":68},[58,21894,1757],{"class":239},[58,21896,499],{"class":68},[58,21898,5942],{"class":239},[58,21900,21901],{"class":68},"()):\n",[58,21903,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,21905,4526],{"class":1991},[58,21907,19737],{"class":286},[58,21909,2809],{"class":77},[58,21911,1085],{"class":81},[58,21913,4521],{"class":68},[58,21915,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,21917,21802],{"class":286},[58,21919,2016],{"class":68},[58,21921,940],{"class":939},[58,21923,16919],{"class":943},[58,21925,940],{"class":939},[58,21927,11420],{"class":68},[58,21929,11423],{"class":77},[58,21931,21817],{"class":81},[58,21933,21934],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,21935,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21937,21938,21940,21942,21944],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,21939,65],{"class":64},[58,21941,69],{"class":68},[58,21943,1757],{"class":239},[58,21945,243],{"class":68},[617,21947,21949],{"id":21948},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[16,21951,21952],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[49,21954,21956],{"className":51,"code":21955,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[20,21957,21958,21990,21994,22010],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,21959,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,21961,7303],{"class":286},[58,21963,290],{"class":77},[58,21965,8630],{"class":68},[58,21967,940],{"class":939},[58,21969,240],{"class":943},[58,21971,940],{"class":939},[58,21973,973],{"class":68},[58,21975,4131],{"class":81},[58,21977,1082],{"class":68},[58,21979,1450],{"class":939},[58,21981,9889],{"class":943},[58,21983,940],{"class":939},[58,21985,973],{"class":68},[58,21987,5922],{"class":81},[58,21989,7447],{"class":68},[58,21991,21992],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,21993,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,21995,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,21997,4084],{"class":1991},[58,21999,4087],{"class":286},[58,22001,1998],{"class":1991},[58,22003,12714],{"class":286},[58,22005,499],{"class":68},[58,22007,5942],{"class":239},[58,22009,19748],{"class":68},[58,22011,22012,22014,22016,22018],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,22013,6202],{"class":64},[58,22015,69],{"class":68},[58,22017,21464],{"class":239},[58,22019,243],{"class":68},[16,22021,22022],{},[1855,22023,132],{},[49,22025,22027],{"className":51,"code":22026,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[20,22028,22029,22045],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22030,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22032,69],{"class":68},[58,22034,1396],{"class":939},[58,22036,240],{"class":943},[58,22038,1396],{"class":939},[58,22040,1082],{"class":68},[58,22042,4131],{"class":81},[58,22044,243],{"class":68},[58,22046,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22048,69],{"class":68},[58,22050,1396],{"class":939},[58,22052,9889],{"class":943},[58,22054,1396],{"class":939},[58,22056,1082],{"class":68},[58,22058,5922],{"class":81},[58,22060,243],{"class":68},[16,22062,22063,22064,22066],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[20,22065,19808],{}," pair.",[44,22068,1555],{"id":1554},[617,22070,22072,22073,3268],{"id":22071},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[20,22074,15228],{},[16,22076,15572,22077,22079],{},[20,22078,20061],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[617,22081,10849,22083,22085],{"id":22082},"does-items-return-a-list",[20,22084,15228],{}," return a list?",[16,22087,22088,22089,22092],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[20,22090,22091],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[617,22094,22096,22097,573],{"id":22095},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[20,22098,15228],{},[16,22100,22101],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[49,22103,22105],{"className":51,"code":22104,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[20,22106,22107,22127],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22108,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22110,4084],{"class":1991},[58,22112,19732],{"class":286},[58,22114,1082],{"class":68},[58,22116,19737],{"class":286},[58,22118,1998],{"class":1991},[58,22120,9910],{"class":286},[58,22122,499],{"class":68},[58,22124,5942],{"class":239},[58,22126,19748],{"class":68},[58,22128,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22130,6202],{"class":64},[58,22132,69],{"class":68},[58,22134,12989],{"class":239},[58,22136,1082],{"class":68},[58,22138,6568],{"class":239},[58,22140,243],{"class":68},[617,22142,10849,22144,22146],{"id":22143},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[20,22145,15228],{}," change the dictionary?",[16,22148,22149],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[44,22151,1603],{"id":1602},[28,22153,22154,22160,22166,22171,22175],{},[31,22155,22156],{},[374,22157,8877,22158,8881],{"href":21040},[20,22159,15215],{},[31,22161,22162],{},[374,22163,8877,22164,8881],{"href":21048},[20,22165,15221],{},[31,22167,22168],{},[374,22169,22170],{"href":20627},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[31,22172,22173],{},[374,22174,7293],{"href":11169},[31,22176,22177],{},[374,22178,22179],{"href":19931},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1635,22181,22182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":22184},[22185,22186,22188,22189,22190,22192,22193,22195,22197,22206,22216],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":19791,"depth":88,"text":22187},"What items() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":20122,"depth":88,"text":20123},{"id":20348,"depth":88,"text":22191},"Looping with items()",{"id":20631,"depth":88,"text":20632},{"id":20823,"depth":88,"text":22194},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":21058,"depth":88,"text":22196},"When to use items()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":22198},[22199,22201,22203,22205],{"id":21253,"depth":104,"text":22200},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":21511,"depth":104,"text":22202},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":21703,"depth":104,"text":22204},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":21948,"depth":104,"text":21949},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":22207},[22208,22210,22212,22214],{"id":22071,"depth":104,"text":22209},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":22082,"depth":104,"text":22211},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":22095,"depth":104,"text":22213},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":22143,"depth":104,"text":22215},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":19659,"description":22217},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":22224,"title":22225,"body":22226,"description":24317,"extension":1667,"meta":24318,"navigation":318,"path":21040,"seo":24319,"stem":24320,"__hash__":24321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":9,"value":22227,"toc":24283},[22228,22233,22239,22242,22253,22260,22262,22345,22349,22396,22401,22406,22411,22413,22429,22431,22530,22534,22591,22594,22596,22599,22692,22696,22759,22762,22778,22783,22785,22787,22802,22804,22815,22817,22860,22863,22907,22910,22912,22919,22922,22939,22941,23034,23038,23079,23091,23095,23098,23186,23190,23210,23213,23240,23247,23252,23256,23267,23269,23373,23377,23403,23406,23473,23478,23481,23504,23509,23513,23518,23524,23529,23531,23586,23590,23617,23624,23630,23633,23658,23664,23690,23693,23768,23775,23780,23782,23821,23839,23843,23846,23889,23892,23894,23913,23915,23920,23945,23948,24018,24021,24094,24098,24100,24161,24164,24180,24182,24187,24192,24199,24208,24214,24220,24227,24233,24237,24242,24244,24280],[12,22229,9460,22231,9464],{"id":22230},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[20,22232,15215],{},[16,22234,22235,22236,22238],{},"The Python dictionary ",[20,22237,15215],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[16,22240,22241],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[28,22243,22244,22247,22250],{},[31,22245,22246],{},"view the available keys",[31,22248,22249],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[31,22251,22252],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[16,22254,22255,22257,22258,499],{},[20,22256,15215],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[20,22259,15164],{},[44,22261,47],{"id":46},[49,22263,22265],{"className":51,"code":22264,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[20,22266,22267,22303,22317,22321,22331],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22268,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22270,11009],{"class":286},[58,22272,290],{"class":77},[58,22274,8630],{"class":68},[58,22276,940],{"class":939},[58,22278,5799],{"class":943},[58,22280,940],{"class":939},[58,22282,973],{"class":68},[58,22284,1450],{"class":939},[58,22286,11026],{"class":943},[58,22288,940],{"class":939},[58,22290,1082],{"class":68},[58,22292,1450],{"class":939},[58,22294,7437],{"class":943},[58,22296,940],{"class":939},[58,22298,973],{"class":68},[58,22300,5922],{"class":81},[58,22302,7447],{"class":68},[58,22304,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22306,15392],{"class":286},[58,22308,290],{"class":77},[58,22310,11052],{"class":286},[58,22312,499],{"class":68},[58,22314,15073],{"class":239},[58,22316,6779],{"class":68},[58,22318,22319],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,22320,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,22322,22323,22325,22327,22329],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,22324,65],{"class":64},[58,22326,69],{"class":68},[58,22328,15073],{"class":239},[58,22330,243],{"class":68},[58,22332,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,22334,65],{"class":64},[58,22336,69],{"class":68},[58,22338,6227],{"class":991},[58,22340,69],{"class":68},[58,22342,15073],{"class":239},[58,22344,85],{"class":68},[16,22346,22347],{},[1855,22348,132],{},[49,22350,22352],{"className":51,"code":22351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[20,22353,22354,22376],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22355,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22357,15164],{"class":239},[58,22359,1076],{"class":68},[58,22361,1396],{"class":939},[58,22363,5799],{"class":943},[58,22365,1396],{"class":939},[58,22367,1082],{"class":68},[58,22369,1391],{"class":939},[58,22371,7437],{"class":943},[58,22373,1396],{"class":939},[58,22375,2004],{"class":68},[58,22377,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22379,2016],{"class":68},[58,22381,1396],{"class":939},[58,22383,5799],{"class":943},[58,22385,1396],{"class":939},[58,22387,1082],{"class":68},[58,22389,1391],{"class":939},[58,22391,7437],{"class":943},[58,22393,1396],{"class":939},[58,22395,1743],{"class":68},[16,22397,155,22398,22400],{},[20,22399,15215],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[44,22402,1788,22404,1791],{"id":22403},"what-keys-does",[20,22405,15215],{},[16,22407,22408,22410],{},[20,22409,15215],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[16,22412,9601],{},[28,22414,22415,22418,22421,22426],{},[31,22416,22417],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[31,22419,22420],{},"It does not need any arguments",[31,22422,15572,22423,22425],{},[20,22424,15164],{}," view object, not a list",[31,22427,22428],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[16,22430,276],{},[49,22432,22434],{"className":51,"code":22433,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[20,22435,22436,22472,22476,22490,22494,22516],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22437,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22439,11351],{"class":286},[58,22441,290],{"class":77},[58,22443,8630],{"class":68},[58,22445,940],{"class":939},[58,22447,5799],{"class":943},[58,22449,940],{"class":939},[58,22451,973],{"class":68},[58,22453,1450],{"class":939},[58,22455,11368],{"class":943},[58,22457,940],{"class":939},[58,22459,1082],{"class":68},[58,22461,1450],{"class":939},[58,22463,7437],{"class":943},[58,22465,940],{"class":939},[58,22467,973],{"class":68},[58,22469,7444],{"class":81},[58,22471,7447],{"class":68},[58,22473,22474],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22475,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,22477,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,22479,65],{"class":64},[58,22481,69],{"class":68},[58,22483,15457],{"class":239},[58,22485,499],{"class":68},[58,22487,15073],{"class":239},[58,22489,5324],{"class":68},[58,22491,22492],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,22493,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,22495,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,22497,15457],{"class":286},[58,22499,2016],{"class":68},[58,22501,940],{"class":939},[58,22503,8548],{"class":943},[58,22505,940],{"class":939},[58,22507,11420],{"class":68},[58,22509,11423],{"class":77},[58,22511,1450],{"class":939},[58,22513,8555],{"class":943},[58,22515,1456],{"class":939},[58,22517,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,22519,65],{"class":64},[58,22521,69],{"class":68},[58,22523,15457],{"class":239},[58,22525,499],{"class":68},[58,22527,15073],{"class":239},[58,22529,5324],{"class":68},[16,22531,22532],{},[1855,22533,132],{},[49,22535,22537],{"className":51,"code":22536,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[20,22538,22539,22561],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22540,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22542,15164],{"class":239},[58,22544,1076],{"class":68},[58,22546,1396],{"class":939},[58,22548,5799],{"class":943},[58,22550,1396],{"class":939},[58,22552,1082],{"class":68},[58,22554,1391],{"class":939},[58,22556,7437],{"class":943},[58,22558,1396],{"class":939},[58,22560,2004],{"class":68},[58,22562,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22564,15164],{"class":239},[58,22566,1076],{"class":68},[58,22568,1396],{"class":939},[58,22570,5799],{"class":943},[58,22572,1396],{"class":939},[58,22574,1082],{"class":68},[58,22576,1391],{"class":939},[58,22578,7437],{"class":943},[58,22580,1396],{"class":939},[58,22582,1082],{"class":68},[58,22584,1391],{"class":939},[58,22586,8548],{"class":943},[58,22588,1396],{"class":939},[58,22590,2004],{"class":68},[16,22592,22593],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[44,22595,3913],{"id":3912},[16,22597,22598],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[49,22600,22602],{"className":51,"code":22601,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[20,22603,22604,22656,22660,22674],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22605,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22607,7303],{"class":286},[58,22609,290],{"class":77},[58,22611,8630],{"class":68},[58,22613,940],{"class":939},[58,22615,5799],{"class":943},[58,22617,940],{"class":939},[58,22619,973],{"class":68},[58,22621,1450],{"class":939},[58,22623,11026],{"class":943},[58,22625,940],{"class":939},[58,22627,1082],{"class":68},[58,22629,1450],{"class":939},[58,22631,7437],{"class":943},[58,22633,940],{"class":939},[58,22635,973],{"class":68},[58,22637,5922],{"class":81},[58,22639,1082],{"class":68},[58,22641,1450],{"class":939},[58,22643,18043],{"class":943},[58,22645,940],{"class":939},[58,22647,973],{"class":68},[58,22649,1450],{"class":939},[58,22651,20398],{"class":943},[58,22653,940],{"class":939},[58,22655,7447],{"class":68},[58,22657,22658],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22659,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,22661,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,22663,65],{"class":64},[58,22665,69],{"class":68},[58,22667,7342],{"class":239},[58,22669,499],{"class":68},[58,22671,15073],{"class":239},[58,22673,5324],{"class":68},[58,22675,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,22677,65],{"class":64},[58,22679,69],{"class":68},[58,22681,6227],{"class":991},[58,22683,69],{"class":68},[58,22685,7342],{"class":239},[58,22687,499],{"class":68},[58,22689,15073],{"class":239},[58,22691,4417],{"class":68},[16,22693,22694],{},[1855,22695,132],{},[49,22697,22699],{"className":51,"code":22698,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[20,22700,22701,22731],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22702,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22704,15164],{"class":239},[58,22706,1076],{"class":68},[58,22708,1396],{"class":939},[58,22710,5799],{"class":943},[58,22712,1396],{"class":939},[58,22714,1082],{"class":68},[58,22716,1391],{"class":939},[58,22718,7437],{"class":943},[58,22720,1396],{"class":939},[58,22722,1082],{"class":68},[58,22724,1391],{"class":939},[58,22726,18043],{"class":943},[58,22728,1396],{"class":939},[58,22730,2004],{"class":68},[58,22732,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22734,2016],{"class":68},[58,22736,1396],{"class":939},[58,22738,5799],{"class":943},[58,22740,1396],{"class":939},[58,22742,1082],{"class":68},[58,22744,1391],{"class":939},[58,22746,7437],{"class":943},[58,22748,1396],{"class":939},[58,22750,1082],{"class":68},[58,22752,1391],{"class":939},[58,22754,18043],{"class":943},[58,22756,1396],{"class":939},[58,22758,1743],{"class":68},[16,22760,22761],{},"This shows two things:",[28,22763,22764,22772],{},[31,22765,22766,20128,22769,22771],{},[20,22767,22768],{},"data.keys()",[20,22770,15164],{}," object",[31,22773,22774,22777],{},[20,22775,22776],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[16,22779,7289,22780,499],{},[374,22781,22782],{"href":7529},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[44,22784,3556],{"id":3555},[16,22786,225],{},[49,22788,22790],{"className":51,"code":22789,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict.keys()\n",[20,22791,22792],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22793,22794,22796,22798,22800],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22795,9592],{"class":286},[58,22797,499],{"class":68},[58,22799,15073],{"class":239},[58,22801,6779],{"class":68},[16,22803,19953],{},[28,22805,22806,22809,22812],{},[31,22807,22808],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[31,22810,22811],{},"It takes no parameters",[31,22813,22814],{},"You must include the parentheses",[16,22816,14805],{},[49,22818,22820],{"className":51,"code":22819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[20,22821,22822,22846],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22823,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22825,11009],{"class":286},[58,22827,290],{"class":77},[58,22829,8630],{"class":68},[58,22831,940],{"class":939},[58,22833,5799],{"class":943},[58,22835,940],{"class":939},[58,22837,973],{"class":68},[58,22839,1450],{"class":939},[58,22841,11026],{"class":943},[58,22843,940],{"class":939},[58,22845,7447],{"class":68},[58,22847,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22849,65],{"class":64},[58,22851,69],{"class":68},[58,22853,11773],{"class":239},[58,22855,499],{"class":68},[58,22857,15073],{"class":239},[58,22859,5324],{"class":68},[16,22861,22862],{},"Incorrect:",[49,22864,22866],{"className":51,"code":22865,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[20,22867,22868,22892],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22869,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22871,11009],{"class":286},[58,22873,290],{"class":77},[58,22875,8630],{"class":68},[58,22877,940],{"class":939},[58,22879,5799],{"class":943},[58,22881,940],{"class":939},[58,22883,973],{"class":68},[58,22885,1450],{"class":939},[58,22887,11026],{"class":943},[58,22889,940],{"class":939},[58,22891,7447],{"class":68},[58,22893,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22905],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22895,65],{"class":64},[58,22897,69],{"class":68},[58,22899,11773],{"class":239},[58,22901,499],{"class":68},[58,22903,15073],{"class":22904},"skxfh",[58,22906,243],{"class":68},[16,22908,22909],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[44,22911,15569],{"id":15568},[16,22913,22914,20128,22916,22918],{},[20,22915,15215],{},[20,22917,15164],{}," object.",[16,22920,22921],{},"This object:",[28,22923,22924,22927,22930,22936],{},[31,22925,22926],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[31,22928,22929],{},"can be used in a loop",[31,22931,22932,22933],{},"can be converted with ",[20,22934,22935],{},"list()",[31,22937,22938],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[16,22940,276],{},[49,22942,22944],{"className":51,"code":22943,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,22945,22946,22987,22991,23006,23010,23020],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,22947,22948,22951,22953,22955,22957,22960,22962,22964,22966,22969,22971,22973,22975,22978,22980,22982,22985],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,22949,22950],{"class":286},"car ",[58,22952,290],{"class":77},[58,22954,8630],{"class":68},[58,22956,940],{"class":939},[58,22958,22959],{"class":943},"brand",[58,22961,940],{"class":939},[58,22963,973],{"class":68},[58,22965,1450],{"class":939},[58,22967,22968],{"class":943},"Toyota",[58,22970,940],{"class":939},[58,22972,1082],{"class":68},[58,22974,1450],{"class":939},[58,22976,22977],{"class":943},"year",[58,22979,940],{"class":939},[58,22981,973],{"class":68},[58,22983,22984],{"class":81}," 2020",[58,22986,7447],{"class":68},[58,22988,22989],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,22990,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,22992,22993,22995,22997,23000,23002,23004],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,22994,301],{"class":286},[58,22996,290],{"class":77},[58,22998,22999],{"class":286}," car",[58,23001,499],{"class":68},[58,23003,15073],{"class":239},[58,23005,6779],{"class":68},[58,23007,23008],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,23009,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,23011,23012,23014,23016,23018],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,23013,65],{"class":64},[58,23015,69],{"class":68},[58,23017,340],{"class":239},[58,23019,243],{"class":68},[58,23021,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,23023,65],{"class":64},[58,23025,69],{"class":68},[58,23027,1316],{"class":991},[58,23029,69],{"class":68},[58,23031,340],{"class":239},[58,23033,85],{"class":68},[16,23035,23036],{},[1855,23037,132],{},[49,23039,23041],{"className":51,"code":23040,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[20,23042,23043,23065],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23044,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23046,15164],{"class":239},[58,23048,1076],{"class":68},[58,23050,1396],{"class":939},[58,23052,22959],{"class":943},[58,23054,1396],{"class":939},[58,23056,1082],{"class":68},[58,23058,1391],{"class":939},[58,23060,22977],{"class":943},[58,23062,1396],{"class":939},[58,23064,2004],{"class":68},[58,23066,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23068,1385],{"class":77},[58,23070,1388],{"class":126},[58,23072,1391],{"class":939},[58,23074,15164],{"class":943},[58,23076,1396],{"class":939},[58,23078,1399],{"class":77},[16,23080,23081,23082,23086,23087,499],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[374,23083,8877,23084,8881],{"href":15218},[20,23085,15221],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[374,23088,8877,23089,8881],{"href":15225},[20,23090,15228],{},[44,23092,23094],{"id":23093},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[16,23096,23097],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[49,23099,23101],{"className":51,"code":23100,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[20,23102,23103,23156,23160,23176],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23104,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23152,23154],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23106,11009],{"class":286},[58,23108,290],{"class":77},[58,23110,8630],{"class":68},[58,23112,940],{"class":939},[58,23114,5799],{"class":943},[58,23116,940],{"class":939},[58,23118,973],{"class":68},[58,23120,1450],{"class":939},[58,23122,11026],{"class":943},[58,23124,940],{"class":939},[58,23126,1082],{"class":68},[58,23128,1450],{"class":939},[58,23130,7437],{"class":943},[58,23132,940],{"class":939},[58,23134,973],{"class":68},[58,23136,5922],{"class":81},[58,23138,1082],{"class":68},[58,23140,1450],{"class":939},[58,23142,13477],{"class":943},[58,23144,940],{"class":939},[58,23146,973],{"class":68},[58,23148,1450],{"class":939},[58,23150,23151],{"class":943},"Math",[58,23153,940],{"class":939},[58,23155,7447],{"class":68},[58,23157,23158],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23159,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,23161,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,23163,4084],{"class":1991},[58,23165,16360],{"class":286},[58,23167,1998],{"class":1991},[58,23169,11052],{"class":286},[58,23171,499],{"class":68},[58,23173,15073],{"class":239},[58,23175,19748],{"class":68},[58,23177,23178,23180,23182,23184],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,23179,6202],{"class":64},[58,23181,69],{"class":68},[58,23183,12989],{"class":239},[58,23185,243],{"class":68},[16,23187,23188],{},[1855,23189,132],{},[49,23191,23193],{"className":51,"code":23192,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[20,23194,23195,23200,23205],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23196,23197],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23198,23199],{"class":286},"name\n",[58,23201,23202],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23203,23204],{"class":286},"age\n",[58,23206,23207],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,23208,23209],{"class":286},"course\n",[16,23211,23212],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[49,23214,23216],{"className":51,"code":23215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[20,23217,23218,23230],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23219,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23221,4084],{"class":1991},[58,23223,16360],{"class":286},[58,23225,1998],{"class":1991},[58,23227,11052],{"class":286},[58,23229,4521],{"class":68},[58,23231,23232,23234,23236,23238],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23233,6202],{"class":64},[58,23235,69],{"class":68},[58,23237,12989],{"class":239},[58,23239,243],{"class":68},[16,23241,23242,23243,23246],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[20,23244,23245],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[44,23248,3083,23250],{"id":23249},"when-to-use-keys",[20,23251,15215],{},[16,23253,155,23254,8741],{},[20,23255,15215],{},[28,23257,23258,23261,23264],{},[31,23259,23260],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[31,23262,23263],{},"you want to display available fields",[31,23265,23266],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[16,23268,276],{},[49,23270,23272],{"className":51,"code":23271,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[20,23273,23274,23327,23331,23346,23363],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23275,23276,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23296,23298,23300,23302,23305,23307,23309,23312,23314,23316,23319,23321,23323,23325],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23277,23278],{"class":286},"product ",[58,23280,290],{"class":77},[58,23282,8630],{"class":68},[58,23284,940],{"class":939},[58,23286,5799],{"class":943},[58,23288,940],{"class":939},[58,23290,973],{"class":68},[58,23292,1450],{"class":939},[58,23294,23295],{"class":943},"Book",[58,23297,940],{"class":939},[58,23299,1082],{"class":68},[58,23301,1450],{"class":939},[58,23303,23304],{"class":943},"price",[58,23306,940],{"class":939},[58,23308,973],{"class":68},[58,23310,23311],{"class":81}," 12.99",[58,23313,1082],{"class":68},[58,23315,1450],{"class":939},[58,23317,23318],{"class":943},"stock",[58,23320,940],{"class":939},[58,23322,973],{"class":68},[58,23324,2725],{"class":81},[58,23326,7447],{"class":68},[58,23328,23329],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23330,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,23332,23333,23335,23337,23339,23342,23344],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,23334,65],{"class":64},[58,23336,69],{"class":68},[58,23338,940],{"class":939},[58,23340,23341],{"class":943},"Available fields:",[58,23343,940],{"class":939},[58,23345,243],{"class":68},[58,23347,23348,23350,23352,23354,23357,23359,23361],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,23349,4084],{"class":1991},[58,23351,16360],{"class":286},[58,23353,1998],{"class":1991},[58,23355,23356],{"class":286}," product",[58,23358,499],{"class":68},[58,23360,15073],{"class":239},[58,23362,19748],{"class":68},[58,23364,23365,23367,23369,23371],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,23366,6202],{"class":64},[58,23368,69],{"class":68},[58,23370,12989],{"class":239},[58,23372,243],{"class":68},[16,23374,23375],{},[1855,23376,132],{},[49,23378,23380],{"className":51,"code":23379,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[20,23381,23382,23389,23393,23398],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23383,23384,23387],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23385,23386],{"class":286},"Available fields",[58,23388,4521],{"class":68},[58,23390,23391],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23392,23199],{"class":286},[58,23394,23395],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,23396,23397],{"class":286},"price\n",[58,23399,23400],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,23401,23402],{"class":286},"stock\n",[16,23404,23405],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[49,23407,23409],{"className":51,"code":23408,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[20,23410,23411,23447,23451],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23412,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23414,23278],{"class":286},[58,23416,290],{"class":77},[58,23418,8630],{"class":68},[58,23420,940],{"class":939},[58,23422,5799],{"class":943},[58,23424,940],{"class":939},[58,23426,973],{"class":68},[58,23428,1450],{"class":939},[58,23430,23295],{"class":943},[58,23432,940],{"class":939},[58,23434,1082],{"class":68},[58,23436,1450],{"class":939},[58,23438,23304],{"class":943},[58,23440,940],{"class":939},[58,23442,973],{"class":68},[58,23444,23311],{"class":81},[58,23446,7447],{"class":68},[58,23448,23449],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23450,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,23452,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,23454,65],{"class":64},[58,23456,69],{"class":68},[58,23458,940],{"class":939},[58,23460,5799],{"class":943},[58,23462,940],{"class":939},[58,23464,19326],{"class":1991},[58,23466,23356],{"class":239},[58,23468,499],{"class":68},[58,23470,15073],{"class":239},[58,23472,5324],{"class":68},[16,23474,23475,23476,499],{},"This works and returns ",[20,23477,1710],{},[16,23479,23480],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[49,23482,23484],{"className":51,"code":23483,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[20,23485,23486],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23487,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23489,65],{"class":64},[58,23491,69],{"class":68},[58,23493,940],{"class":939},[58,23495,5799],{"class":943},[58,23497,940],{"class":939},[58,23499,19326],{"class":1991},[58,23501,23356],{"class":239},[58,23503,243],{"class":68},[16,23505,23506,23507,499],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[374,23508,19359],{"href":15303},[44,23510,23512],{"id":23511},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[16,23514,23515,23516,499],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[20,23517,15215],{},[617,23519,6588,23521,23523],{"id":23520},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[20,23522,15215],{}," to return key-value pairs",[16,23525,23526,23528],{},[20,23527,15215],{}," returns only the keys.",[16,23530,276],{},[49,23532,23534],{"className":51,"code":23533,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[20,23535,23536,23572],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23537,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23539,7303],{"class":286},[58,23541,290],{"class":77},[58,23543,8630],{"class":68},[58,23545,940],{"class":939},[58,23547,5799],{"class":943},[58,23549,940],{"class":939},[58,23551,973],{"class":68},[58,23553,1450],{"class":939},[58,23555,11026],{"class":943},[58,23557,940],{"class":939},[58,23559,1082],{"class":68},[58,23561,1450],{"class":939},[58,23563,7437],{"class":943},[58,23565,940],{"class":939},[58,23567,973],{"class":68},[58,23569,5922],{"class":81},[58,23571,7447],{"class":68},[58,23573,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23575,65],{"class":64},[58,23577,69],{"class":68},[58,23579,7342],{"class":239},[58,23581,499],{"class":68},[58,23583,15073],{"class":239},[58,23585,5324],{"class":68},[16,23587,23588],{},[1855,23589,132],{},[49,23591,23593],{"className":51,"code":23592,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[20,23594,23595],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23596,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23598,15164],{"class":239},[58,23600,1076],{"class":68},[58,23602,1396],{"class":939},[58,23604,5799],{"class":943},[58,23606,1396],{"class":939},[58,23608,1082],{"class":68},[58,23610,1391],{"class":939},[58,23612,7437],{"class":943},[58,23614,1396],{"class":939},[58,23616,2004],{"class":68},[16,23618,23619,23620,499],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[374,23621,23622],{"href":15225},[20,23623,15228],{},[617,23625,23627,23628],{"id":23626},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[20,23629,15164],{},[16,23631,23632],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[49,23634,23636],{"className":51,"code":23635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['name', 'age']\n",[20,23637,23638],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23639,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23641,2016],{"class":68},[58,23643,1396],{"class":939},[58,23645,5799],{"class":943},[58,23647,1396],{"class":939},[58,23649,1082],{"class":68},[58,23651,1391],{"class":939},[58,23653,7437],{"class":943},[58,23655,1396],{"class":939},[58,23657,1743],{"class":68},[16,23659,23660,23661,23663],{},"But ",[20,23662,15215],{}," returns:",[49,23665,23666],{"className":51,"code":23592,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,23667,23668],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23669,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23671,15164],{"class":239},[58,23673,1076],{"class":68},[58,23675,1396],{"class":939},[58,23677,5799],{"class":943},[58,23679,1396],{"class":939},[58,23681,1082],{"class":68},[58,23683,1391],{"class":939},[58,23685,7437],{"class":943},[58,23687,1396],{"class":939},[58,23689,2004],{"class":68},[16,23691,23692],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[49,23694,23696],{"className":51,"code":23695,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[20,23697,23698,23734,23753,23757],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23699,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23701,7303],{"class":286},[58,23703,290],{"class":77},[58,23705,8630],{"class":68},[58,23707,940],{"class":939},[58,23709,5799],{"class":943},[58,23711,940],{"class":939},[58,23713,973],{"class":68},[58,23715,1450],{"class":939},[58,23717,11026],{"class":943},[58,23719,940],{"class":939},[58,23721,1082],{"class":68},[58,23723,1450],{"class":939},[58,23725,7437],{"class":943},[58,23727,940],{"class":939},[58,23729,973],{"class":68},[58,23731,5922],{"class":81},[58,23733,7447],{"class":68},[58,23735,23736,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23737,23738],{"class":286},"key_list ",[58,23740,290],{"class":77},[58,23742,20713],{"class":991},[58,23744,69],{"class":68},[58,23746,7342],{"class":239},[58,23748,499],{"class":68},[58,23750,15073],{"class":239},[58,23752,5324],{"class":68},[58,23754,23755],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,23756,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,23758,23759,23761,23763,23766],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,23760,65],{"class":64},[58,23762,69],{"class":68},[58,23764,23765],{"class":239},"key_list",[58,23767,243],{"class":68},[617,23769,23771,23772,23774],{"id":23770},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[20,23773,15215],{}," on a list or string",[16,23776,23777,23779],{},[20,23778,15215],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[16,23781,921],{},[49,23783,23785],{"className":51,"code":23784,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[20,23786,23787,23807],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23788,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23790,1725],{"class":286},[58,23792,290],{"class":77},[58,23794,1730],{"class":68},[58,23796,1079],{"class":81},[58,23798,1082],{"class":68},[58,23800,1085],{"class":81},[58,23802,1082],{"class":68},[58,23804,531],{"class":81},[58,23806,1743],{"class":68},[58,23808,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23810,65],{"class":64},[58,23812,69],{"class":68},[58,23814,1757],{"class":239},[58,23816,499],{"class":68},[58,23818,15073],{"class":239},[58,23820,5324],{"class":68},[16,23822,23823,23824,23827,23828,23830,23831,499],{},"You may get an ",[20,23825,23826],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[20,23829,15215],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[374,23832,23834,23835,23838],{"href":23833},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[20,23836,23837],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[617,23840,23842],{"id":23841},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[16,23844,23845],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[49,23847,23849],{"className":51,"code":23848,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[20,23850,23851,23875],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23852,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23854,7303],{"class":286},[58,23856,290],{"class":77},[58,23858,8630],{"class":68},[58,23860,940],{"class":939},[58,23862,5799],{"class":943},[58,23864,940],{"class":939},[58,23866,973],{"class":68},[58,23868,1450],{"class":939},[58,23870,11026],{"class":943},[58,23872,940],{"class":939},[58,23874,7447],{"class":68},[58,23876,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23878,65],{"class":64},[58,23880,69],{"class":68},[58,23882,7342],{"class":239},[58,23884,499],{"class":68},[58,23886,15073],{"class":22904},[58,23888,243],{"class":68},[16,23890,23891],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[16,23893,16846],{},[49,23895,23897],{"className":51,"code":23896,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(data.keys())\n",[20,23898,23899],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23900,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23902,65],{"class":64},[58,23904,69],{"class":68},[58,23906,7342],{"class":239},[58,23908,499],{"class":68},[58,23910,15073],{"class":239},[58,23912,5324],{"class":68},[44,23914,914],{"id":913},[16,23916,23917,23918,973],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[20,23919,15215],{},[28,23921,23922,23927,23933,23939],{},[31,23923,6552,23924,23926],{},[20,23925,15215],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[31,23928,23929,23930,23932],{},"Thinking ",[20,23931,15215],{}," returns values too",[31,23934,23935,23936,23938],{},"Trying to index ",[20,23937,15164],{}," like a normal list",[31,23940,23941,23942,23944],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[20,23943,15164],{}," to a list when needed",[16,23946,23947],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[49,23949,23951],{"className":51,"code":23950,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,23952,23953,23985,23999,24003,24013],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,23954,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,23956,7303],{"class":286},[58,23958,290],{"class":77},[58,23960,8630],{"class":68},[58,23962,940],{"class":939},[58,23964,374],{"class":943},[58,23966,940],{"class":939},[58,23968,973],{"class":68},[58,23970,3623],{"class":81},[58,23972,1082],{"class":68},[58,23974,1450],{"class":939},[58,23976,2882],{"class":943},[58,23978,940],{"class":939},[58,23980,973],{"class":68},[58,23982,1085],{"class":81},[58,23984,7447],{"class":68},[58,23986,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,23988,15392],{"class":286},[58,23990,290],{"class":77},[58,23992,12714],{"class":286},[58,23994,499],{"class":68},[58,23996,15073],{"class":239},[58,23998,6779],{"class":68},[58,24000,24001],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,24002,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24004,24005,24007,24009,24011],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,24006,65],{"class":64},[58,24008,69],{"class":68},[58,24010,15073],{"class":239},[58,24012,243],{"class":68},[58,24014,24015],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,24016,24017],{"class":1773},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[16,24019,24020],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[49,24022,24024],{"className":51,"code":24023,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[20,24025,24026,24058,24076,24080],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,24027,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,24029,7303],{"class":286},[58,24031,290],{"class":77},[58,24033,8630],{"class":68},[58,24035,940],{"class":939},[58,24037,374],{"class":943},[58,24039,940],{"class":939},[58,24041,973],{"class":68},[58,24043,3623],{"class":81},[58,24045,1082],{"class":68},[58,24047,1450],{"class":939},[58,24049,2882],{"class":943},[58,24051,940],{"class":939},[58,24053,973],{"class":68},[58,24055,1085],{"class":81},[58,24057,7447],{"class":68},[58,24059,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,24061,15392],{"class":286},[58,24063,290],{"class":77},[58,24065,20713],{"class":991},[58,24067,69],{"class":68},[58,24069,7342],{"class":239},[58,24071,499],{"class":68},[58,24073,15073],{"class":239},[58,24075,5324],{"class":68},[58,24077,24078],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,24079,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,24083,65],{"class":64},[58,24085,69],{"class":68},[58,24087,15073],{"class":239},[58,24089,2016],{"class":68},[58,24091,183],{"class":81},[58,24093,2004],{"class":68},[44,24095,24097],{"id":24096},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[16,24099,9254],{},[49,24101,24103],{"className":51,"code":24102,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[20,24104,24105,24119,24129,24143],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,24106,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,24108,65],{"class":64},[58,24110,69],{"class":68},[58,24112,1316],{"class":991},[58,24114,69],{"class":68},[58,24116,9592],{"class":239},[58,24118,85],{"class":68},[58,24120,24121,24123,24125,24127],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,24122,65],{"class":64},[58,24124,69],{"class":68},[58,24126,9592],{"class":239},[58,24128,243],{"class":68},[58,24130,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,24132,65],{"class":64},[58,24134,69],{"class":68},[58,24136,9592],{"class":239},[58,24138,499],{"class":68},[58,24140,15073],{"class":239},[58,24142,5324],{"class":68},[58,24144,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,24146,65],{"class":64},[58,24148,69],{"class":68},[58,24150,6227],{"class":991},[58,24152,69],{"class":68},[58,24154,9592],{"class":239},[58,24156,499],{"class":68},[58,24158,15073],{"class":239},[58,24160,4417],{"class":68},[16,24162,24163],{},"These help you confirm:",[28,24165,24166,24169,24172,24177],{},[31,24167,24168],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[31,24170,24171],{},"what data it contains",[31,24173,24174,24175,9849],{},"what ",[20,24176,15215],{},[31,24178,24179],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[44,24181,1555],{"id":1554},[617,24183,22072,24185,3268],{"id":24184},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[20,24186,15215],{},[16,24188,15572,24189,24191],{},[20,24190,15164],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[617,24193,13051,24195,24198],{"id":24194},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[20,24196,24197],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[16,24200,24201,24202,24204,24205,499],{},"No. It returns a ",[20,24203,15164],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[20,24206,24207],{},"list(dict.keys())",[617,24209,24211,24212,573],{"id":24210},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[20,24213,24197],{},[16,24215,24216,24217,24219],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[20,24218,4084],{}," loop.",[617,24221,24223,24224,24226],{"id":24222},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[20,24225,15215],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[16,24228,24229,24230,24232],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[20,24231,15215],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[617,24234,24236],{"id":24235},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[16,24238,155,24239,499],{},[20,24240,24241],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[44,24243,1603],{"id":1602},[28,24245,24246,24251,24257,24263,24269,24273],{},[31,24247,24248],{},[374,24249,24250],{"href":7529},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[31,24252,24253],{},[374,24254,8877,24255,8881],{"href":15218},[20,24256,15221],{},[31,24258,24259],{},[374,24260,8877,24261,8881],{"href":15225},[20,24262,15228],{},[31,24264,24265],{},[374,24266,24268],{"href":24267},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[31,24270,24271],{},[374,24272,15304],{"href":15303},[31,24274,24275],{},[374,24276,24277,24278,23838],{"href":23833},"How to fix ",[20,24279,23837],{},[1635,24281,24282],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":24284},[24285,24286,24288,24289,24290,24291,24292,24294,24303,24304,24305,24316],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":22403,"depth":88,"text":24287},"What keys() does",{"id":3912,"depth":88,"text":3913},{"id":3555,"depth":88,"text":3556},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":23093,"depth":88,"text":23094},{"id":23249,"depth":88,"text":24293},"When to use keys()",{"id":23511,"depth":88,"text":23512,"children":24295},[24296,24298,24300,24302],{"id":23520,"depth":104,"text":24297},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":23626,"depth":104,"text":24299},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":23770,"depth":104,"text":24301},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":23841,"depth":104,"text":23842},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":24096,"depth":88,"text":24097},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":24306},[24307,24309,24311,24313,24315],{"id":24184,"depth":104,"text":24308},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":24194,"depth":104,"text":24310},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":24210,"depth":104,"text":24312},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":24222,"depth":104,"text":24314},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":24235,"depth":104,"text":24236},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":22225,"description":24317},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":24323,"title":24324,"body":24325,"description":26598,"extension":1667,"meta":26599,"navigation":318,"path":26600,"seo":26601,"stem":26602,"__hash__":26603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":9,"value":24326,"toc":26551},[24327,24332,24337,24340,24342,24488,24501,24506,24510,24524,24526,24629,24638,24640,24643,24681,24706,24708,24815,24817,24824,24827,24835,24837,24978,24986,24991,24995,25006,25008,25170,25173,25181,25188,25194,25291,25297,25374,25377,25389,25394,25400,25403,25407,25496,25499,25503,25607,25614,25701,25710,25712,25717,25723,25726,25772,25775,25841,25850,25856,25949,25955,25961,26004,26007,26072,26078,26170,26173,26177,26183,26208,26211,26307,26314,26316,26321,26412,26414,26442,26447,26449,26456,26459,26463,26473,26478,26481,26488,26498,26505,26513,26515,26548],[12,24328,9460,24330,9464],{"id":24329},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[20,24331,10908],{},[16,24333,24334,24336],{},[20,24335,10714],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[16,24338,24339],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[44,24341,1715],{"id":1714},[49,24343,24345],{"className":51,"code":24344,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[20,24346,24347,24383,24407,24421,24434,24438,24443,24475],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,24348,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,24350,11351],{"class":286},[58,24352,290],{"class":77},[58,24354,8630],{"class":68},[58,24356,940],{"class":939},[58,24358,5799],{"class":943},[58,24360,940],{"class":939},[58,24362,973],{"class":68},[58,24364,1450],{"class":939},[58,24366,11026],{"class":943},[58,24368,940],{"class":939},[58,24370,1082],{"class":68},[58,24372,1450],{"class":939},[58,24374,7437],{"class":943},[58,24376,940],{"class":939},[58,24378,973],{"class":68},[58,24380,7444],{"class":81},[58,24382,7447],{"class":68},[58,24384,24385,24388,24390,24392,24394,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,24386,24387],{"class":286},"removed_age ",[58,24389,290],{"class":77},[58,24391,11394],{"class":286},[58,24393,499],{"class":68},[58,24395,24396],{"class":239},"pop",[58,24398,69],{"class":68},[58,24400,940],{"class":939},[58,24402,7437],{"class":943},[58,24404,940],{"class":939},[58,24406,243],{"class":68},[58,24408,24409,24411,24413,24416,24418],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,24410,65],{"class":64},[58,24412,69],{"class":68},[58,24414,24415],{"class":239},"removed_age",[58,24417,1770],{"class":68},[58,24419,24420],{"class":1773},"   # 25\n",[58,24422,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,24424,65],{"class":64},[58,24426,69],{"class":68},[58,24428,15457],{"class":239},[58,24430,1770],{"class":68},[58,24432,24433],{"class":1773},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[58,24435,24436],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,24437,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24439,24440],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,24441,24442],{"class":1773},"# Safe version with default value\n",[58,24444,24445,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24471,24473],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,24446,24447],{"class":286},"country ",[58,24449,290],{"class":77},[58,24451,11394],{"class":286},[58,24453,499],{"class":68},[58,24455,24396],{"class":239},[58,24457,69],{"class":68},[58,24459,940],{"class":939},[58,24461,13410],{"class":943},[58,24463,940],{"class":939},[58,24465,1082],{"class":68},[58,24467,1450],{"class":939},[58,24469,24470],{"class":943},"Not found",[58,24472,940],{"class":939},[58,24474,243],{"class":68},[58,24476,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,24478,65],{"class":64},[58,24480,69],{"class":68},[58,24482,13410],{"class":239},[58,24484,1770],{"class":68},[58,24486,24487],{"class":1773},"       # Not found\n",[16,24489,155,24490,24493,24494,24497,24498,24500],{},[20,24491,24492],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[20,24495,24496],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[20,24499,17839],{}," when the key might not exist.",[44,24502,1788,24504,1791],{"id":24503},"what-dictpop-does",[20,24505,10714],{},[16,24507,24508,973],{},[20,24509,10714],{},[28,24511,24512,24515,24518,24521],{},[31,24513,24514],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[31,24516,24517],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[31,24519,24520],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[31,24522,24523],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[16,24525,276],{},[49,24527,24529],{"className":51,"code":24528,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,24530,24531,24571,24575,24598,24602,24616],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,24532,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,24534,9631],{"class":286},[58,24536,290],{"class":77},[58,24538,8630],{"class":68},[58,24540,940],{"class":939},[58,24542,5799],{"class":943},[58,24544,940],{"class":939},[58,24546,973],{"class":68},[58,24548,1450],{"class":939},[58,24550,11368],{"class":943},[58,24552,940],{"class":939},[58,24554,1082],{"class":68},[58,24556,1450],{"class":939},[58,24558,8548],{"class":943},[58,24560,940],{"class":939},[58,24562,973],{"class":68},[58,24564,1450],{"class":939},[58,24566,8555],{"class":943},[58,24568,940],{"class":939},[58,24570,7447],{"class":68},[58,24572,24573],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,24574,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24576,24577,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,24578,24579],{"class":286},"removed_city ",[58,24581,290],{"class":77},[58,24583,9714],{"class":286},[58,24585,499],{"class":68},[58,24587,24396],{"class":239},[58,24589,69],{"class":68},[58,24591,940],{"class":939},[58,24593,8548],{"class":943},[58,24595,940],{"class":939},[58,24597,243],{"class":68},[58,24599,24600],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,24601,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24603,24604,24606,24608,24611,24613],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,24605,65],{"class":64},[58,24607,69],{"class":68},[58,24609,24610],{"class":239},"removed_city",[58,24612,1770],{"class":68},[58,24614,24615],{"class":1773},"  # Paris\n",[58,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,24619,65],{"class":64},[58,24621,69],{"class":68},[58,24623,9725],{"class":239},[58,24625,1770],{"class":68},[58,24627,24628],{"class":1773},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[16,24630,18923,24631,24634,24635,499],{},[20,24632,24633],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[20,24636,24637],{},"\"Paris\"",[44,24639,222],{"id":221},[16,24641,24642],{},"There are two common forms:",[49,24644,24646],{"className":51,"code":24645,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[20,24647,24648,24662],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,24649,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,24651,9592],{"class":286},[58,24653,499],{"class":68},[58,24655,24396],{"class":239},[58,24657,69],{"class":68},[58,24659,12989],{"class":239},[58,24661,243],{"class":68},[58,24663,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24679],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,24665,9592],{"class":286},[58,24667,499],{"class":68},[58,24669,24396],{"class":239},[58,24671,69],{"class":68},[58,24673,12989],{"class":239},[58,24675,1082],{"class":68},[58,24677,24678],{"class":239}," default",[58,24680,243],{"class":68},[28,24682,24683,24689,24697,24703],{},[31,24684,24685,24688],{},[20,24686,24687],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[31,24690,24691,24693,24694,24696],{},[20,24692,24687],{}," raises ",[20,24695,17839],{}," if the key is missing",[31,24698,24699,24702],{},[20,24700,24701],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[31,24704,24705],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[16,24707,276],{},[49,24709,24711],{"className":51,"code":24710,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[20,24712,24713,24745,24749,24774,24802],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,24714,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,24716,3186],{"class":286},[58,24718,290],{"class":77},[58,24720,8630],{"class":68},[58,24722,940],{"class":939},[58,24724,16568],{"class":943},[58,24726,940],{"class":939},[58,24728,973],{"class":68},[58,24730,18050],{"class":81},[58,24732,1082],{"class":68},[58,24734,1450],{"class":939},[58,24736,16577],{"class":943},[58,24738,940],{"class":939},[58,24740,973],{"class":68},[58,24742,11654],{"class":81},[58,24744,7447],{"class":68},[58,24746,24747],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,24748,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24750,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,24752,65],{"class":64},[58,24754,69],{"class":68},[58,24756,14538],{"class":239},[58,24758,499],{"class":68},[58,24760,24396],{"class":239},[58,24762,69],{"class":68},[58,24764,940],{"class":939},[58,24766,16568],{"class":943},[58,24768,940],{"class":939},[58,24770,3486],{"class":68},[58,24772,24773],{"class":1773},"         # 90\n",[58,24775,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,24777,65],{"class":64},[58,24779,69],{"class":68},[58,24781,14538],{"class":239},[58,24783,499],{"class":68},[58,24785,24396],{"class":239},[58,24787,69],{"class":68},[58,24789,940],{"class":939},[58,24791,16586],{"class":943},[58,24793,940],{"class":939},[58,24795,1082],{"class":68},[58,24797,1947],{"class":81},[58,24799,3486],{"class":68},[58,24801,18920],{"class":1773},[58,24803,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,24805,65],{"class":64},[58,24807,69],{"class":68},[58,24809,14538],{"class":239},[58,24811,1770],{"class":68},[58,24813,24814],{"class":1773},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[44,24816,15569],{"id":15568},[16,24818,24819,12201,24821,24823],{},[20,24820,10908],{},[1855,24822,2751],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[16,24825,24826],{},"Instead, it returns:",[28,24828,24829,24832],{},[31,24830,24831],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[31,24833,24834],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[16,24836,276],{},[49,24838,24840],{"className":51,"code":24839,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,24841,24842,24874,24878,24901,24933,24937,24951,24965],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,24843,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,24845,7303],{"class":286},[58,24847,290],{"class":77},[58,24849,8630],{"class":68},[58,24851,940],{"class":939},[58,24853,374],{"class":943},[58,24855,940],{"class":939},[58,24857,973],{"class":68},[58,24859,4131],{"class":81},[58,24861,1082],{"class":68},[58,24863,1450],{"class":939},[58,24865,2882],{"class":943},[58,24867,940],{"class":939},[58,24869,973],{"class":68},[58,24871,5922],{"class":81},[58,24873,7447],{"class":68},[58,24875,24876],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,24877,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24879,24880,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,24881,24882],{"class":286},"result1 ",[58,24884,290],{"class":77},[58,24886,12714],{"class":286},[58,24888,499],{"class":68},[58,24890,24396],{"class":239},[58,24892,69],{"class":68},[58,24894,940],{"class":939},[58,24896,374],{"class":943},[58,24898,940],{"class":939},[58,24900,243],{"class":68},[58,24902,24903,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24929,24931],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,24904,24905],{"class":286},"result2 ",[58,24907,290],{"class":77},[58,24909,12714],{"class":286},[58,24911,499],{"class":68},[58,24913,24396],{"class":239},[58,24915,69],{"class":68},[58,24917,940],{"class":939},[58,24919,7878],{"class":943},[58,24921,940],{"class":939},[58,24923,1082],{"class":68},[58,24925,1450],{"class":939},[58,24927,24928],{"class":943},"missing",[58,24930,940],{"class":939},[58,24932,243],{"class":68},[58,24934,24935],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,24936,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,24938,24939,24941,24943,24946,24948],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,24940,65],{"class":64},[58,24942,69],{"class":68},[58,24944,24945],{"class":239},"result1",[58,24947,1770],{"class":68},[58,24949,24950],{"class":1773},"  # 10\n",[58,24952,24953,24955,24957,24960,24962],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,24954,65],{"class":64},[58,24956,69],{"class":68},[58,24958,24959],{"class":239},"result2",[58,24961,1770],{"class":68},[58,24963,24964],{"class":1773},"  # missing\n",[58,24966,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,24968,65],{"class":64},[58,24970,69],{"class":68},[58,24972,7342],{"class":239},[58,24974,1770],{"class":68},[58,24976,24977],{"class":1773},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[16,24979,24980,24981,4760],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[374,24982,24983],{"href":8876},[20,24984,24985],{},"dict.get()",[44,24987,3083,24989],{"id":24988},"when-to-use-pop",[20,24990,10908],{},[16,24992,155,24993,8741],{},[20,24994,10908],{},[28,24996,24997,25000,25003],{},[31,24998,24999],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[31,25001,25002],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[31,25004,25005],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[16,25007,276],{},[49,25009,25011],{"className":51,"code":25010,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,25012,25013,25065,25069,25096,25100,25124,25128,25142,25156],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25014,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25049,25051,25053,25056,25058,25060,25063],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25016,23278],{"class":286},[58,25018,290],{"class":77},[58,25020,8630],{"class":68},[58,25022,940],{"class":939},[58,25024,5799],{"class":943},[58,25026,940],{"class":939},[58,25028,973],{"class":68},[58,25030,1450],{"class":939},[58,25032,25033],{"class":943},"Laptop",[58,25035,940],{"class":939},[58,25037,1082],{"class":68},[58,25039,1450],{"class":939},[58,25041,23304],{"class":943},[58,25043,940],{"class":939},[58,25045,973],{"class":68},[58,25047,25048],{"class":81}," 1200",[58,25050,1082],{"class":68},[58,25052,1450],{"class":939},[58,25054,25055],{"class":943},"discount",[58,25057,940],{"class":939},[58,25059,973],{"class":68},[58,25061,25062],{"class":81}," 200",[58,25064,7447],{"class":68},[58,25066,25067],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25068,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25070,25071,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25072,25073],{"class":286},"discount_amount ",[58,25075,290],{"class":77},[58,25077,23356],{"class":286},[58,25079,499],{"class":68},[58,25081,24396],{"class":239},[58,25083,69],{"class":68},[58,25085,940],{"class":939},[58,25087,25055],{"class":943},[58,25089,940],{"class":939},[58,25091,1082],{"class":68},[58,25093,1947],{"class":81},[58,25095,243],{"class":68},[58,25097,25098],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,25099,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25101,25102,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,25103,25104],{"class":286},"final_price ",[58,25106,290],{"class":77},[58,25108,23356],{"class":286},[58,25110,2016],{"class":68},[58,25112,940],{"class":939},[58,25114,23304],{"class":943},[58,25116,940],{"class":939},[58,25118,11420],{"class":68},[58,25120,293],{"class":77},[58,25122,25123],{"class":286}," discount_amount\n",[58,25125,25126],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,25127,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25129,25130,25132,25134,25137,25139],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,25131,65],{"class":64},[58,25133,69],{"class":68},[58,25135,25136],{"class":239},"discount_amount",[58,25138,1770],{"class":68},[58,25140,25141],{"class":1773},"  # 200\n",[58,25143,25144,25146,25148,25151,25153],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,25145,65],{"class":64},[58,25147,69],{"class":68},[58,25149,25150],{"class":239},"final_price",[58,25152,1770],{"class":68},[58,25154,25155],{"class":1773},"      # 1000\n",[58,25157,25158,25160,25162,25165,25167],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,25159,65],{"class":64},[58,25161,69],{"class":68},[58,25163,25164],{"class":239},"product",[58,25166,1770],{"class":68},[58,25168,25169],{"class":1773},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[16,25171,25172],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[44,25174,25176,8725,25178],{"id":25175},"pop-vs-del",[20,25177,10908],{},[20,25179,25180],{},"del",[16,25182,8730,25183,2512,25185,25187],{},[20,25184,10908],{},[20,25186,25180],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[617,25189,155,25191,25193],{"id":25190},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[20,25192,10908],{}," when you need the removed value",[49,25195,25197],{"className":51,"code":25196,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,25198,25199,25235,25239,25261,25265,25278],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25200,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25202,11351],{"class":286},[58,25204,290],{"class":77},[58,25206,8630],{"class":68},[58,25208,940],{"class":939},[58,25210,5799],{"class":943},[58,25212,940],{"class":939},[58,25214,973],{"class":68},[58,25216,1450],{"class":939},[58,25218,11026],{"class":943},[58,25220,940],{"class":939},[58,25222,1082],{"class":68},[58,25224,1450],{"class":939},[58,25226,7437],{"class":943},[58,25228,940],{"class":939},[58,25230,973],{"class":68},[58,25232,7444],{"class":81},[58,25234,7447],{"class":68},[58,25236,25237],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25238,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25240,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25242,19781],{"class":286},[58,25244,290],{"class":77},[58,25246,11394],{"class":286},[58,25248,499],{"class":68},[58,25250,24396],{"class":239},[58,25252,69],{"class":68},[58,25254,940],{"class":939},[58,25256,7437],{"class":943},[58,25258,940],{"class":939},[58,25260,243],{"class":68},[58,25262,25263],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,25264,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25266,25267,25269,25271,25273,25275],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,25268,65],{"class":64},[58,25270,69],{"class":68},[58,25272,7437],{"class":239},[58,25274,1770],{"class":68},[58,25276,25277],{"class":1773},"     # 25\n",[58,25279,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,25281,65],{"class":64},[58,25283,69],{"class":68},[58,25285,15457],{"class":239},[58,25287,1770],{"class":68},[58,25289,25290],{"class":1773},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[617,25292,155,25294,25296],{"id":25293},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[20,25295,25180],{}," when you only want deletion",[49,25298,25300],{"className":51,"code":25299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,25301,25302,25338,25342,25358,25362],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25303,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25305,11351],{"class":286},[58,25307,290],{"class":77},[58,25309,8630],{"class":68},[58,25311,940],{"class":939},[58,25313,5799],{"class":943},[58,25315,940],{"class":939},[58,25317,973],{"class":68},[58,25319,1450],{"class":939},[58,25321,11026],{"class":943},[58,25323,940],{"class":939},[58,25325,1082],{"class":68},[58,25327,1450],{"class":939},[58,25329,7437],{"class":943},[58,25331,940],{"class":939},[58,25333,973],{"class":68},[58,25335,7444],{"class":81},[58,25337,7447],{"class":68},[58,25339,25340],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25341,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25343,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25345,25180],{"class":1991},[58,25347,11394],{"class":286},[58,25349,2016],{"class":68},[58,25351,940],{"class":939},[58,25353,7437],{"class":943},[58,25355,940],{"class":939},[58,25357,1743],{"class":68},[58,25359,25360],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,25361,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25363,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,25365,65],{"class":64},[58,25367,69],{"class":68},[58,25369,15457],{"class":239},[58,25371,1770],{"class":68},[58,25373,25290],{"class":1773},[16,25375,25376],{},"Difference:",[28,25378,25379,25384],{},[31,25380,25381,25383],{},[20,25382,10908],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[31,25385,25386,25388],{},[20,25387,25180],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[16,25390,25391,25392,499],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[374,25393,10719],{"href":10718},[44,25395,25397,25398],{"id":25396},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[20,25399,17839],{},[16,25401,25402],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[617,25404,25406],{"id":25405},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[49,25408,25410],{"className":51,"code":25409,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,25411,25412,25437,25441,25467,25471,25483],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25413,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25433,25435],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25415,9868],{"class":286},[58,25417,290],{"class":77},[58,25419,8630],{"class":68},[58,25421,940],{"class":939},[58,25423,5799],{"class":943},[58,25425,940],{"class":939},[58,25427,973],{"class":68},[58,25429,1450],{"class":939},[58,25431,25432],{"class":943},"Sara",[58,25434,940],{"class":939},[58,25436,7447],{"class":68},[58,25438,25439],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25440,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25442,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25444,526],{"class":286},[58,25446,290],{"class":77},[58,25448,9910],{"class":286},[58,25450,499],{"class":68},[58,25452,24396],{"class":239},[58,25454,69],{"class":68},[58,25456,940],{"class":939},[58,25458,7437],{"class":943},[58,25460,940],{"class":939},[58,25462,1082],{"class":68},[58,25464,1967],{"class":1966},[58,25466,243],{"class":68},[58,25468,25469],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,25470,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25472,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,25474,65],{"class":64},[58,25476,69],{"class":68},[58,25478,553],{"class":239},[58,25480,1770],{"class":68},[58,25482,18713],{"class":1773},[58,25484,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,25486,65],{"class":64},[58,25488,69],{"class":68},[58,25490,9592],{"class":239},[58,25492,1770],{"class":68},[58,25494,25495],{"class":1773}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[16,25497,25498],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[617,25500,25502],{"id":25501},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[49,25504,25506],{"className":51,"code":25505,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[20,25507,25508,25532,25536,25552,25575,25585,25592],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25509,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25511,9868],{"class":286},[58,25513,290],{"class":77},[58,25515,8630],{"class":68},[58,25517,940],{"class":939},[58,25519,5799],{"class":943},[58,25521,940],{"class":939},[58,25523,973],{"class":68},[58,25525,1450],{"class":939},[58,25527,25432],{"class":943},[58,25529,940],{"class":939},[58,25531,7447],{"class":68},[58,25533,25534],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25535,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25537,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25539,5127],{"class":1991},[58,25541,1450],{"class":939},[58,25543,7437],{"class":943},[58,25545,940],{"class":939},[58,25547,19326],{"class":77},[58,25549,9910],{"class":286},[58,25551,4521],{"class":68},[58,25553,25554,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,25555,25556],{"class":286},"    value ",[58,25558,290],{"class":77},[58,25560,9910],{"class":286},[58,25562,499],{"class":68},[58,25564,24396],{"class":239},[58,25566,69],{"class":68},[58,25568,940],{"class":939},[58,25570,7437],{"class":943},[58,25572,940],{"class":939},[58,25574,243],{"class":68},[58,25576,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,25578,6202],{"class":64},[58,25580,69],{"class":68},[58,25582,553],{"class":239},[58,25584,243],{"class":68},[58,25586,25587,25590],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,25588,25589],{"class":1991},"else",[58,25591,4521],{"class":68},[58,25593,25594,25596,25598,25600,25603,25605],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,25595,6202],{"class":64},[58,25597,69],{"class":68},[58,25599,940],{"class":939},[58,25601,25602],{"class":943},"Key not found",[58,25604,940],{"class":939},[58,25606,243],{"class":68},[617,25608,25610,25611,25613],{"id":25609},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[20,25612,8880],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[49,25615,25617],{"className":51,"code":25616,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,25618,25619,25643,25647,25673,25677,25689],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25620,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25622,9868],{"class":286},[58,25624,290],{"class":77},[58,25626,8630],{"class":68},[58,25628,940],{"class":939},[58,25630,5799],{"class":943},[58,25632,940],{"class":939},[58,25634,973],{"class":68},[58,25636,1450],{"class":939},[58,25638,25432],{"class":943},[58,25640,940],{"class":939},[58,25642,7447],{"class":68},[58,25644,25645],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25646,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25648,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25650,526],{"class":286},[58,25652,290],{"class":77},[58,25654,9910],{"class":286},[58,25656,499],{"class":68},[58,25658,17902],{"class":239},[58,25660,69],{"class":68},[58,25662,940],{"class":939},[58,25664,7437],{"class":943},[58,25666,940],{"class":939},[58,25668,1082],{"class":68},[58,25670,1967],{"class":1966},[58,25672,243],{"class":68},[58,25674,25675],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,25676,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25678,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,25680,65],{"class":64},[58,25682,69],{"class":68},[58,25684,553],{"class":239},[58,25686,1770],{"class":68},[58,25688,18713],{"class":1773},[58,25690,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,25692,65],{"class":64},[58,25694,69],{"class":68},[58,25696,9592],{"class":239},[58,25698,1770],{"class":68},[58,25700,25495],{"class":1773},[16,25702,155,25703,25707,25708,499],{},[374,25704,25705],{"href":8876},[20,25706,24985],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[374,25709,9404],{"href":9215},[44,25711,2638],{"id":2637},[16,25713,25714,25715,499],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[20,25716,10714],{},[617,25718,23929,25720,25722],{"id":25719},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[20,25721,10908],{}," removes by position like a list",[16,25724,25725],{},"Lists use indexes:",[49,25727,25729],{"className":51,"code":25728,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[20,25730,25731,25751],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25732,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25734,1725],{"class":286},[58,25736,290],{"class":77},[58,25738,1730],{"class":68},[58,25740,408],{"class":81},[58,25742,1082],{"class":68},[58,25744,5922],{"class":81},[58,25746,1082],{"class":68},[58,25748,5927],{"class":81},[58,25750,1743],{"class":68},[58,25752,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25754,65],{"class":64},[58,25756,69],{"class":68},[58,25758,1757],{"class":239},[58,25760,499],{"class":68},[58,25762,24396],{"class":239},[58,25764,69],{"class":68},[58,25766,1079],{"class":81},[58,25768,3486],{"class":68},[58,25770,25771],{"class":1773},"  # 20\n",[16,25773,25774],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[49,25776,25778],{"className":51,"code":25777,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[20,25779,25780,25816],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25781,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25783,11351],{"class":286},[58,25785,290],{"class":77},[58,25787,8630],{"class":68},[58,25789,940],{"class":939},[58,25791,5799],{"class":943},[58,25793,940],{"class":939},[58,25795,973],{"class":68},[58,25797,1450],{"class":939},[58,25799,11026],{"class":943},[58,25801,940],{"class":939},[58,25803,1082],{"class":68},[58,25805,1450],{"class":939},[58,25807,7437],{"class":943},[58,25809,940],{"class":939},[58,25811,973],{"class":68},[58,25813,7444],{"class":81},[58,25815,7447],{"class":68},[58,25817,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25819,65],{"class":64},[58,25821,69],{"class":68},[58,25823,15457],{"class":239},[58,25825,499],{"class":68},[58,25827,24396],{"class":239},[58,25829,69],{"class":68},[58,25831,940],{"class":939},[58,25833,7437],{"class":943},[58,25835,940],{"class":939},[58,25837,3486],{"class":68},[58,25839,25840],{"class":1773},"  # 25\n",[16,25842,25843,25844,25846,25847,25849],{},"A dictionary does ",[1855,25845,2751],{}," use positions with ",[20,25848,10908],{},". It uses keys.",[617,25851,2825,25853,25855],{"id":25852},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[20,25854,10908],{}," changes the original dictionary",[49,25857,25859],{"className":51,"code":25858,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,25860,25861,25893,25897,25919,25923,25936],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25862,25863,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25864,7303],{"class":286},[58,25866,290],{"class":77},[58,25868,8630],{"class":68},[58,25870,940],{"class":939},[58,25872,240],{"class":943},[58,25874,940],{"class":939},[58,25876,973],{"class":68},[58,25878,3623],{"class":81},[58,25880,1082],{"class":68},[58,25882,1450],{"class":939},[58,25884,9889],{"class":943},[58,25886,940],{"class":939},[58,25888,973],{"class":68},[58,25890,1085],{"class":81},[58,25892,7447],{"class":68},[58,25894,25895],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25896,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25898,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25900,526],{"class":286},[58,25902,290],{"class":77},[58,25904,12714],{"class":286},[58,25906,499],{"class":68},[58,25908,24396],{"class":239},[58,25910,69],{"class":68},[58,25912,940],{"class":939},[58,25914,240],{"class":943},[58,25916,940],{"class":939},[58,25918,243],{"class":68},[58,25920,25921],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,25922,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25924,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,25926,65],{"class":64},[58,25928,69],{"class":68},[58,25930,553],{"class":239},[58,25932,1770],{"class":68},[58,25934,25935],{"class":1773},"  # 1\n",[58,25937,25938,25940,25942,25944,25946],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,25939,65],{"class":64},[58,25941,69],{"class":68},[58,25943,7342],{"class":239},[58,25945,1770],{"class":68},[58,25947,25948],{"class":1773},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[16,25950,25951,25952,25954],{},"After ",[20,25953,10908],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[617,25956,6552,25958,25960],{"id":25957},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[20,25959,10908],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[49,25962,25964],{"className":51,"code":25963,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,25965,25966,25990,25994,25999],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,25967,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,25969,7303],{"class":286},[58,25971,290],{"class":77},[58,25973,8630],{"class":68},[58,25975,940],{"class":939},[58,25977,5799],{"class":943},[58,25979,940],{"class":939},[58,25981,973],{"class":68},[58,25983,1450],{"class":939},[58,25985,6054],{"class":943},[58,25987,940],{"class":939},[58,25989,7447],{"class":68},[58,25991,25992],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,25993,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,25995,25996],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,25997,25998],{"class":1773},"# This causes an error\n",[58,26000,26001],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,26002,26003],{"class":1773},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[16,26005,26006],{},"Safer version:",[49,26008,26010],{"className":51,"code":26009,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[20,26011,26012,26036,26040],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26013,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26015,7303],{"class":286},[58,26017,290],{"class":77},[58,26019,8630],{"class":68},[58,26021,940],{"class":939},[58,26023,5799],{"class":943},[58,26025,940],{"class":939},[58,26027,973],{"class":68},[58,26029,1450],{"class":939},[58,26031,6054],{"class":943},[58,26033,940],{"class":939},[58,26035,7447],{"class":68},[58,26037,26038],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,26039,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,26041,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,26043,65],{"class":64},[58,26045,69],{"class":68},[58,26047,7342],{"class":239},[58,26049,499],{"class":68},[58,26051,24396],{"class":239},[58,26053,69],{"class":68},[58,26055,940],{"class":939},[58,26057,7437],{"class":943},[58,26059,940],{"class":939},[58,26061,1082],{"class":68},[58,26063,1450],{"class":939},[58,26065,24928],{"class":943},[58,26067,940],{"class":939},[58,26069,3486],{"class":68},[58,26071,24964],{"class":1773},[617,26073,6588,26075,26077],{"id":26074},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[20,26076,10908],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[49,26079,26081],{"className":51,"code":26080,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,26082,26083,26115,26119,26141,26145,26157],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26084,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26086,7303],{"class":286},[58,26088,290],{"class":77},[58,26090,8630],{"class":68},[58,26092,940],{"class":939},[58,26094,374],{"class":943},[58,26096,940],{"class":939},[58,26098,973],{"class":68},[58,26100,3623],{"class":81},[58,26102,1082],{"class":68},[58,26104,1450],{"class":939},[58,26106,2882],{"class":943},[58,26108,940],{"class":939},[58,26110,973],{"class":68},[58,26112,1085],{"class":81},[58,26114,7447],{"class":68},[58,26116,26117],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,26118,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,26120,26121,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,26122,301],{"class":286},[58,26124,290],{"class":77},[58,26126,12714],{"class":286},[58,26128,499],{"class":68},[58,26130,24396],{"class":239},[58,26132,69],{"class":68},[58,26134,940],{"class":939},[58,26136,374],{"class":943},[58,26138,940],{"class":939},[58,26140,243],{"class":68},[58,26142,26143],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,26144,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,26146,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,26148,65],{"class":64},[58,26150,69],{"class":68},[58,26152,340],{"class":239},[58,26154,1770],{"class":68},[58,26156,25935],{"class":1773},[58,26158,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,26160,65],{"class":64},[58,26162,69],{"class":68},[58,26164,7342],{"class":239},[58,26166,1770],{"class":68},[58,26168,26169],{"class":1773},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[16,26171,26172],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[44,26174,26176],{"id":26175},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[16,26178,26179,26180,26182],{},"Problems with ",[20,26181,10714],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[28,26184,26185,26188,26197,26200],{},[31,26186,26187],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[31,26189,26190,26191,26194,26195],{},"Mixing up list ",[20,26192,26193],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[20,26196,24492],{},[31,26198,26199],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[31,26201,26202,26203,9233,26205],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[20,26204,1079],{},[20,26206,26207],{},"\"1\"",[16,26209,26210],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[49,26212,26214],{"className":51,"code":26213,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[20,26215,26216,26240,26244,26274],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26217,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26219,7303],{"class":286},[58,26221,290],{"class":77},[58,26223,8630],{"class":68},[58,26225,940],{"class":939},[58,26227,1079],{"class":943},[58,26229,940],{"class":939},[58,26231,973],{"class":68},[58,26233,1450],{"class":939},[58,26235,4714],{"class":943},[58,26237,940],{"class":939},[58,26239,7447],{"class":68},[58,26241,26242],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,26243,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,26245,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26267,26269,26271],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,26247,65],{"class":64},[58,26249,69],{"class":68},[58,26251,7342],{"class":239},[58,26253,499],{"class":68},[58,26255,24396],{"class":239},[58,26257,69],{"class":68},[58,26259,1079],{"class":81},[58,26261,1082],{"class":68},[58,26263,1450],{"class":939},[58,26265,26266],{"class":943},"not found",[58,26268,940],{"class":939},[58,26270,3486],{"class":68},[58,26272,26273],{"class":1773},"    # not found\n",[58,26275,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,26277,65],{"class":64},[58,26279,69],{"class":68},[58,26281,7342],{"class":239},[58,26283,499],{"class":68},[58,26285,24396],{"class":239},[58,26287,69],{"class":68},[58,26289,940],{"class":939},[58,26291,1079],{"class":943},[58,26293,940],{"class":939},[58,26295,1082],{"class":68},[58,26297,1450],{"class":939},[58,26299,26266],{"class":943},[58,26301,940],{"class":939},[58,26303,3486],{"class":68},[58,26305,26306],{"class":1773},"  # one\n",[16,26308,26309,2512,26311,26313],{},[20,26310,1079],{},[20,26312,26207],{}," are different keys.",[44,26315,7009],{"id":7008},[16,26317,7012,26318,26320],{},[20,26319,10908],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[49,26322,26324],{"className":51,"code":26323,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[20,26325,26326,26336,26350,26368,26398],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26327,26328,26330,26332,26334],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26329,65],{"class":64},[58,26331,69],{"class":68},[58,26333,9592],{"class":239},[58,26335,243],{"class":68},[58,26337,26338,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,26339,65],{"class":64},[58,26341,69],{"class":68},[58,26343,9592],{"class":239},[58,26345,499],{"class":68},[58,26347,15073],{"class":239},[58,26349,5324],{"class":68},[58,26351,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,26353,65],{"class":64},[58,26355,69],{"class":68},[58,26357,1396],{"class":939},[58,26359,5799],{"class":943},[58,26361,1396],{"class":939},[58,26363,19326],{"class":1991},[58,26365,9910],{"class":239},[58,26367,243],{"class":68},[58,26369,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,26371,65],{"class":64},[58,26373,69],{"class":68},[58,26375,9592],{"class":239},[58,26377,499],{"class":68},[58,26379,24396],{"class":239},[58,26381,69],{"class":68},[58,26383,1396],{"class":939},[58,26385,5799],{"class":943},[58,26387,1396],{"class":939},[58,26389,1082],{"class":68},[58,26391,1391],{"class":939},[58,26393,24928],{"class":943},[58,26395,1396],{"class":939},[58,26397,85],{"class":68},[58,26399,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408,26410],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,26401,65],{"class":64},[58,26403,69],{"class":68},[58,26405,1316],{"class":991},[58,26407,69],{"class":68},[58,26409,9592],{"class":239},[58,26411,85],{"class":68},[16,26413,19489],{},[28,26415,26416,26421,26426,26431,26437],{},[31,26417,26418,26420],{},[20,26419,10824],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[31,26422,26423,26425],{},[20,26424,19501],{}," shows all available keys",[31,26427,26428,26430],{},[20,26429,19507],{}," checks whether a key exists",[31,26432,26433,26436],{},[20,26434,26435],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[31,26438,26439,26441],{},[20,26440,10830],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[16,26443,26444,26445,499],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[374,26446,7530],{"href":7529},[44,26448,1555],{"id":1554},[617,26450,26452,26453,26455],{"id":26451},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[20,26454,10908],{}," return the key or the value?",[16,26457,26458],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[617,26460,26462],{"id":26461},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[16,26464,26465,24693,26467,26469,26470,26472],{},[20,26466,24492],{},[20,26468,17839],{},". ",[20,26471,24496],{}," returns the default value instead.",[617,26474,10849,26476,13044],{"id":26475},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[20,26477,10908],{},[16,26479,26480],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[617,26482,26484,26485,26487],{"id":26483},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[20,26486,10908],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[16,26489,26490,26491,26493,26494,499],{},"Not with ",[20,26492,10714],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[374,26495,26496],{"href":10725},[20,26497,10915],{},[617,26499,3303,26501,2512,26503,573],{"id":26500},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[20,26502,8880],{},[20,26504,10908],{},[16,26506,26507,26509,26510,26512],{},[20,26508,8880],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[20,26511,10908],{}," reads and removes it.",[44,26514,1603],{"id":1602},[28,26516,26517,26523,26530,26534,26538,26542],{},[31,26518,26519],{},[374,26520,26521],{"href":8876},[20,26522,17820],{},[31,26524,26525],{},[374,26526,26527],{"href":10725},[20,26528,26529],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[31,26531,26532],{},[374,26533,10932],{"href":10718},[31,26535,26536],{},[374,26537,19610],{"href":14746},[31,26539,26540],{},[374,26541,9404],{"href":9215},[31,26543,26544],{},[374,26545,26547],{"href":26546},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1635,26549,26550],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":26552},[26553,26554,26556,26557,26558,26560,26567,26574,26584,26585,26586,26597],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":24503,"depth":88,"text":26555},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":24988,"depth":88,"text":26559},"When to use pop()",{"id":25175,"depth":88,"text":26561,"children":26562},"pop() vs del",[26563,26565],{"id":25190,"depth":104,"text":26564},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":25293,"depth":104,"text":26566},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":25396,"depth":88,"text":26568,"children":26569},"How to avoid KeyError",[26570,26571,26572],{"id":25405,"depth":104,"text":25406},{"id":25501,"depth":104,"text":25502},{"id":25609,"depth":104,"text":26573},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":26575},[26576,26578,26580,26582],{"id":25719,"depth":104,"text":26577},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":25852,"depth":104,"text":26579},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":25957,"depth":104,"text":26581},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":26074,"depth":104,"text":26583},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":26175,"depth":88,"text":26176},{"id":7008,"depth":88,"text":7009},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":26587},[26588,26590,26591,26593,26595],{"id":26451,"depth":104,"text":26589},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":26461,"depth":104,"text":26462},{"id":26475,"depth":104,"text":26592},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":26483,"depth":104,"text":26594},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":26500,"depth":104,"text":26596},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":24324,"description":26598},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":26605,"title":26529,"body":26606,"description":28546,"extension":1667,"meta":28547,"navigation":318,"path":28548,"seo":28549,"stem":28550,"__hash__":28551},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":9,"value":26607,"toc":28510},[26608,26613,26618,26621,26629,26639,26641,26730,26734,26783,26788,26793,26797,26813,26816,26818,26833,26835,26851,26858,26862,26868,26877,26879,26948,26952,26973,26976,26995,26998,27021,27023,27026,27141,27145,27204,27211,27215,27221,27346,27350,27400,27403,27407,27414,27416,27479,27483,27504,27507,27516,27531,27539,27546,27550,27562,27566,27577,27579,27725,27729,27788,27795,27800,27804,27810,27833,27838,27857,27861,27932,27939,28012,28021,28026,28031,28042,28045,28182,28187,28219,28224,28226,28230,28290,28293,28350,28353,28396,28398,28403,28409,28415,28418,28425,28433,28438,28441,28448,28456,28458,28507],[12,26609,9460,26611,9464],{"id":26610},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[20,26612,10915],{},[16,26614,18,26615,26617],{},[20,26616,10915],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[16,26619,26620],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[28,26622,26623,26626],{},[31,26624,26625],{},"remove an item",[31,26627,26628],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[16,26630,26631,26632,26634,26635,26638],{},"In modern Python, ",[20,26633,10915],{}," removes the ",[1855,26636,26637],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[44,26640,47],{"id":46},[49,26642,26644],{"className":51,"code":26643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[20,26645,26646,26690,26706,26710,26720],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26647,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26649,7303],{"class":286},[58,26651,290],{"class":77},[58,26653,8630],{"class":68},[58,26655,940],{"class":939},[58,26657,374],{"class":943},[58,26659,940],{"class":939},[58,26661,973],{"class":68},[58,26663,3623],{"class":81},[58,26665,1082],{"class":68},[58,26667,1450],{"class":939},[58,26669,2882],{"class":943},[58,26671,940],{"class":939},[58,26673,973],{"class":68},[58,26675,1085],{"class":81},[58,26677,1082],{"class":68},[58,26679,1450],{"class":939},[58,26681,7878],{"class":943},[58,26683,940],{"class":939},[58,26685,973],{"class":68},[58,26687,531],{"class":81},[58,26689,7447],{"class":68},[58,26691,26692,26695,26697,26699,26701,26704],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,26693,26694],{"class":286},"item ",[58,26696,290],{"class":77},[58,26698,12714],{"class":286},[58,26700,499],{"class":68},[58,26702,26703],{"class":239},"popitem",[58,26705,6779],{"class":68},[58,26707,26708],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,26709,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,26711,26712,26714,26716,26718],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,26713,65],{"class":64},[58,26715,69],{"class":68},[58,26717,21464],{"class":239},[58,26719,243],{"class":68},[58,26721,26722,26724,26726,26728],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,26723,65],{"class":64},[58,26725,69],{"class":68},[58,26727,7342],{"class":239},[58,26729,243],{"class":68},[16,26731,26732],{},[1855,26733,132],{},[49,26735,26737],{"className":51,"code":26736,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[20,26738,26739,26755],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26740,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26742,69],{"class":68},[58,26744,1396],{"class":939},[58,26746,7878],{"class":943},[58,26748,1396],{"class":939},[58,26750,1082],{"class":68},[58,26752,531],{"class":81},[58,26754,243],{"class":68},[58,26756,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,26758,7416],{"class":68},[58,26760,1396],{"class":939},[58,26762,374],{"class":943},[58,26764,1396],{"class":939},[58,26766,973],{"class":68},[58,26768,3623],{"class":81},[58,26770,1082],{"class":68},[58,26772,1391],{"class":939},[58,26774,2882],{"class":943},[58,26776,1396],{"class":939},[58,26778,973],{"class":68},[58,26780,1085],{"class":81},[58,26782,7447],{"class":68},[16,26784,26785,26787],{},[20,26786,10915],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[44,26789,1788,26791,1791],{"id":26790},"what-popitem-does",[20,26792,10915],{},[16,26794,26795,973],{},[20,26796,10915],{},[28,26798,26799,26802,26807,26810],{},[31,26800,26801],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[31,26803,26804,26805],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[20,26806,19808],{},[31,26808,26809],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[31,26811,26812],{},"changes the original dictionary",[16,26814,26815],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[44,26817,222],{"id":221},[49,26819,26821],{"className":51,"code":26820,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[20,26822,26823],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26824,26825,26827,26829,26831],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26826,13753],{"class":286},[58,26828,499],{"class":68},[58,26830,26703],{"class":239},[58,26832,6779],{"class":68},[16,26834,9601],{},[28,26836,26837,26845,26848],{},[31,26838,26839,26841,26842],{},[20,26840,10915],{}," takes ",[1855,26843,26844],{},"no arguments",[31,26846,26847],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[31,26849,26850],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[16,26852,26853,26854,4760],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[374,26855,26856],{"href":10711},[20,26857,10908],{},[44,26859,26861],{"id":26860},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[16,26863,26864,26865,26867],{},"The value returned by ",[20,26866,10915],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[26869,26870,26871,26874],"ol",{},[31,26872,26873],{},"the key",[31,26875,26876],{},"the value",[16,26878,276],{},[49,26880,26882],{"className":51,"code":26881,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,26883,26884,26920,26934,26938],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26885,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26887,11351],{"class":286},[58,26889,290],{"class":77},[58,26891,8630],{"class":68},[58,26893,940],{"class":939},[58,26895,5799],{"class":943},[58,26897,940],{"class":939},[58,26899,973],{"class":68},[58,26901,1450],{"class":939},[58,26903,3126],{"class":943},[58,26905,940],{"class":939},[58,26907,1082],{"class":68},[58,26909,1450],{"class":939},[58,26911,7437],{"class":943},[58,26913,940],{"class":939},[58,26915,973],{"class":68},[58,26917,7444],{"class":81},[58,26919,7447],{"class":68},[58,26921,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,26923,301],{"class":286},[58,26925,290],{"class":77},[58,26927,11394],{"class":286},[58,26929,499],{"class":68},[58,26931,26703],{"class":239},[58,26933,6779],{"class":68},[58,26935,26936],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,26937,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,26939,26940,26942,26944,26946],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,26941,65],{"class":64},[58,26943,69],{"class":68},[58,26945,340],{"class":239},[58,26947,243],{"class":68},[16,26949,26950],{},[1855,26951,132],{},[49,26953,26955],{"className":51,"code":26954,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('age', 25)\n",[20,26956,26957],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26958,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26960,69],{"class":68},[58,26962,1396],{"class":939},[58,26964,7437],{"class":943},[58,26966,1396],{"class":939},[58,26968,1082],{"class":68},[58,26970,7444],{"class":81},[58,26972,243],{"class":68},[16,26974,26975],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[49,26977,26979],{"className":51,"code":26978,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = person.popitem()\n",[20,26980,26981],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,26982,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,26984,301],{"class":286},[58,26986,290],{"class":77},[58,26988,11394],{"class":286},[58,26990,499],{"class":68},[58,26992,26703],{"class":239},[58,26994,6779],{"class":68},[16,26996,26997],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[49,26999,27001],{"className":51,"code":27000,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[20,27002,27003],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27004,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27006,12989],{"class":286},[58,27008,1082],{"class":68},[58,27010,19737],{"class":286},[58,27012,290],{"class":77},[58,27014,11394],{"class":286},[58,27016,499],{"class":68},[58,27018,26703],{"class":239},[58,27020,6779],{"class":68},[44,27022,9618],{"id":9617},[16,27024,27025],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[49,27027,27029],{"className":51,"code":27028,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[20,27030,27031,27079,27083,27098,27102,27122],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27032,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27063,27065,27067,27070,27072,27074,27077],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27034,3186],{"class":286},[58,27036,290],{"class":77},[58,27038,8630],{"class":68},[58,27040,940],{"class":939},[58,27042,27043],{"class":943},"Tom",[58,27045,940],{"class":939},[58,27047,973],{"class":68},[58,27049,3198],{"class":81},[58,27051,1082],{"class":68},[58,27053,1450],{"class":939},[58,27055,11026],{"class":943},[58,27057,940],{"class":939},[58,27059,973],{"class":68},[58,27061,27062],{"class":81}," 95",[58,27064,1082],{"class":68},[58,27066,1450],{"class":939},[58,27068,27069],{"class":943},"Leo",[58,27071,940],{"class":939},[58,27073,973],{"class":68},[58,27075,27076],{"class":81}," 88",[58,27078,7447],{"class":68},[58,27080,27081],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27082,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27084,27085,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,27086,27087],{"class":286},"removed_pair ",[58,27089,290],{"class":77},[58,27091,3233],{"class":286},[58,27093,499],{"class":68},[58,27095,26703],{"class":239},[58,27097,6779],{"class":68},[58,27099,27100],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,27101,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27103,27104,27106,27108,27110,27113,27115,27117,27120],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,27105,65],{"class":64},[58,27107,69],{"class":68},[58,27109,940],{"class":939},[58,27111,27112],{"class":943},"Removed:",[58,27114,940],{"class":939},[58,27116,1082],{"class":68},[58,27118,27119],{"class":239}," removed_pair",[58,27121,243],{"class":68},[58,27123,27124,27126,27128,27130,27133,27135,27137,27139],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,27125,65],{"class":64},[58,27127,69],{"class":68},[58,27129,940],{"class":939},[58,27131,27132],{"class":943},"After removal:",[58,27134,940],{"class":939},[58,27136,1082],{"class":68},[58,27138,3233],{"class":239},[58,27140,243],{"class":68},[16,27142,27143],{},[1855,27144,132],{},[49,27146,27148],{"className":51,"code":27147,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[20,27149,27150,27171],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27151,27152,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27153,27154],{"class":286},"Removed",[58,27156,973],{"class":68},[58,27158,7374],{"class":68},[58,27160,1396],{"class":939},[58,27162,27069],{"class":943},[58,27164,1396],{"class":939},[58,27166,1082],{"class":68},[58,27168,27076],{"class":81},[58,27170,243],{"class":68},[58,27172,27173,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27174,27175],{"class":286},"After removal",[58,27177,973],{"class":68},[58,27179,8630],{"class":68},[58,27181,1396],{"class":939},[58,27183,27043],{"class":943},[58,27185,1396],{"class":939},[58,27187,973],{"class":68},[58,27189,3198],{"class":81},[58,27191,1082],{"class":68},[58,27193,1391],{"class":939},[58,27195,11026],{"class":943},[58,27197,1396],{"class":939},[58,27199,973],{"class":68},[58,27201,27062],{"class":81},[58,27203,7447],{"class":68},[16,27205,27206,27207,27210],{},"The last inserted item was ",[20,27208,27209],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[44,27212,27214],{"id":27213},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[16,27216,27217,27218,27220],{},"Because ",[20,27219,10915],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[49,27222,27224],{"className":51,"code":27223,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[20,27225,27226,27262,27266,27285,27289,27308,27327],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27227,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27229,13596],{"class":286},[58,27231,290],{"class":77},[58,27233,8630],{"class":68},[58,27235,940],{"class":939},[58,27237,13607],{"class":943},[58,27239,940],{"class":939},[58,27241,973],{"class":68},[58,27243,1450],{"class":939},[58,27245,13616],{"class":943},[58,27247,940],{"class":939},[58,27249,1082],{"class":68},[58,27251,1450],{"class":939},[58,27253,13627],{"class":943},[58,27255,940],{"class":939},[58,27257,973],{"class":68},[58,27259,25062],{"class":81},[58,27261,7447],{"class":68},[58,27263,27264],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27265,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27267,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27279,27281,27283],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,27269,12989],{"class":286},[58,27271,1082],{"class":68},[58,27273,19737],{"class":286},[58,27275,290],{"class":77},[58,27277,27278],{"class":286}," book",[58,27280,499],{"class":68},[58,27282,26703],{"class":239},[58,27284,6779],{"class":68},[58,27286,27287],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,27288,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27290,27291,27293,27295,27297,27300,27302,27304,27306],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,27292,65],{"class":64},[58,27294,69],{"class":68},[58,27296,940],{"class":939},[58,27298,27299],{"class":943},"Key:",[58,27301,940],{"class":939},[58,27303,1082],{"class":68},[58,27305,19732],{"class":239},[58,27307,243],{"class":68},[58,27309,27310,27312,27314,27316,27319,27321,27323,27325],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,27311,65],{"class":64},[58,27313,69],{"class":68},[58,27315,940],{"class":939},[58,27317,27318],{"class":943},"Value:",[58,27320,940],{"class":939},[58,27322,1082],{"class":68},[58,27324,6568],{"class":239},[58,27326,243],{"class":68},[58,27328,27329,27331,27333,27335,27338,27340,27342,27344],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,27330,65],{"class":64},[58,27332,69],{"class":68},[58,27334,940],{"class":939},[58,27336,27337],{"class":943},"Dictionary:",[58,27339,940],{"class":939},[58,27341,1082],{"class":68},[58,27343,27278],{"class":239},[58,27345,243],{"class":68},[16,27347,27348],{},[1855,27349,132],{},[49,27351,27353],{"className":51,"code":27352,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[20,27354,27355,27365,27375],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27356,27357,27360,27362],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27358,27359],{"class":286},"Key",[58,27361,973],{"class":68},[58,27363,27364],{"class":286}," pages\n",[58,27366,27367,27370,27372],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27368,27369],{"class":286},"Value",[58,27371,973],{"class":68},[58,27373,27374],{"class":81}," 200\n",[58,27376,27377,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,27378,27379],{"class":286},"Dictionary",[58,27381,973],{"class":68},[58,27383,8630],{"class":68},[58,27385,1396],{"class":939},[58,27387,13607],{"class":943},[58,27389,1396],{"class":939},[58,27391,973],{"class":68},[58,27393,1391],{"class":939},[58,27395,13616],{"class":943},[58,27397,1396],{"class":939},[58,27399,7447],{"class":68},[16,27401,27402],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[44,27404,27406],{"id":27405},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[16,27408,27409,27410,26634,27412,499],{},"In current Python versions, ",[20,27411,10915],{},[1855,27413,26637],{},[16,27415,276],{},[49,27417,27419],{"className":51,"code":27418,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[20,27420,27421,27465],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27422,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27424,7303],{"class":286},[58,27426,290],{"class":77},[58,27428,8630],{"class":68},[58,27430,940],{"class":939},[58,27432,240],{"class":943},[58,27434,940],{"class":939},[58,27436,973],{"class":68},[58,27438,3623],{"class":81},[58,27440,1082],{"class":68},[58,27442,1450],{"class":939},[58,27444,9889],{"class":943},[58,27446,940],{"class":939},[58,27448,973],{"class":68},[58,27450,1085],{"class":81},[58,27452,1082],{"class":68},[58,27454,1450],{"class":939},[58,27456,20230],{"class":943},[58,27458,940],{"class":939},[58,27460,973],{"class":68},[58,27462,531],{"class":81},[58,27464,7447],{"class":68},[58,27466,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27468,65],{"class":64},[58,27470,69],{"class":68},[58,27472,7342],{"class":239},[58,27474,499],{"class":68},[58,27476,26703],{"class":239},[58,27478,5324],{"class":68},[16,27480,27481],{},[1855,27482,132],{},[49,27484,27486],{"className":51,"code":27485,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('z', 3)\n",[20,27487,27488],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27489,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27491,69],{"class":68},[58,27493,1396],{"class":939},[58,27495,20230],{"class":943},[58,27497,1396],{"class":939},[58,27499,1082],{"class":68},[58,27501,531],{"class":81},[58,27503,243],{"class":68},[16,27505,27506],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[16,27508,27509,27510,27512,27513,27515],{},"As a beginner, do ",[1855,27511,2751],{}," think of ",[20,27514,10915],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[16,27517,27518,27519,257,27523,15222,27527,499],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[374,27520,27521],{"href":15225},[20,27522,15228],{},[374,27524,27525],{"href":15212},[20,27526,15215],{},[374,27528,27529],{"href":15218},[20,27530,15221],{},[44,27532,27534,27535,2512,27537],{"id":27533},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[20,27536,10915],{},[20,27538,10908],{},[16,27540,27541,2512,27543,27545],{},[20,27542,10915],{},[20,27544,10908],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[617,27547,27548],{"id":26703},[20,27549,10915],{},[28,27551,27552,27555,27558],{},[31,27553,27554],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[31,27556,27557],{},"does not need a key argument",[31,27559,1803,27560],{},[20,27561,19808],{},[617,27563,27564],{"id":24396},[20,27565,10908],{},[28,27567,27568,27571,27574],{},[31,27569,27570],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[31,27572,27573],{},"needs the key name",[31,27575,27576],{},"returns only the value",[16,27578,276],{},[49,27580,27582],{"className":51,"code":27581,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[20,27583,27584,27628,27632,27646,27666,27670,27692,27711,27715],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27585,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27587,7303],{"class":286},[58,27589,290],{"class":77},[58,27591,8630],{"class":68},[58,27593,940],{"class":939},[58,27595,374],{"class":943},[58,27597,940],{"class":939},[58,27599,973],{"class":68},[58,27601,3623],{"class":81},[58,27603,1082],{"class":68},[58,27605,1450],{"class":939},[58,27607,2882],{"class":943},[58,27609,940],{"class":939},[58,27611,973],{"class":68},[58,27613,1085],{"class":81},[58,27615,1082],{"class":68},[58,27617,1450],{"class":939},[58,27619,7878],{"class":943},[58,27621,940],{"class":939},[58,27623,973],{"class":68},[58,27625,531],{"class":81},[58,27627,7447],{"class":68},[58,27629,27630],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27631,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27633,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,27635,26694],{"class":286},[58,27637,290],{"class":77},[58,27639,12714],{"class":286},[58,27641,499],{"class":68},[58,27643,26703],{"class":239},[58,27645,6779],{"class":68},[58,27647,27648,27650,27652,27654,27657,27659,27661,27664],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,27649,65],{"class":64},[58,27651,69],{"class":68},[58,27653,940],{"class":939},[58,27655,27656],{"class":943},"popitem():",[58,27658,940],{"class":939},[58,27660,1082],{"class":68},[58,27662,27663],{"class":239}," item",[58,27665,243],{"class":68},[58,27667,27668],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,27669,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27671,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,27673,526],{"class":286},[58,27675,290],{"class":77},[58,27677,12714],{"class":286},[58,27679,499],{"class":68},[58,27681,24396],{"class":239},[58,27683,69],{"class":68},[58,27685,940],{"class":939},[58,27687,374],{"class":943},[58,27689,940],{"class":939},[58,27691,243],{"class":68},[58,27693,27694,27696,27698,27700,27703,27705,27707,27709],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,27695,65],{"class":64},[58,27697,69],{"class":68},[58,27699,940],{"class":939},[58,27701,27702],{"class":943},"pop('a'):",[58,27704,940],{"class":939},[58,27706,1082],{"class":68},[58,27708,6568],{"class":239},[58,27710,243],{"class":68},[58,27712,27713],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,27714,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27716,27717,27719,27721,27723],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,27718,65],{"class":64},[58,27720,69],{"class":68},[58,27722,7342],{"class":239},[58,27724,243],{"class":68},[16,27726,27727],{},[1855,27728,132],{},[49,27730,27732],{"className":51,"code":27731,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[20,27733,27734,27755,27772],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27735,27736,27738,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27737,26703],{"class":239},[58,27739,27740],{"class":68},"():",[58,27742,7374],{"class":68},[58,27744,1396],{"class":939},[58,27746,7878],{"class":943},[58,27748,1396],{"class":939},[58,27750,1082],{"class":68},[58,27752,531],{"class":81},[58,27754,243],{"class":68},[58,27756,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27758,24396],{"class":239},[58,27760,69],{"class":68},[58,27762,1396],{"class":939},[58,27764,374],{"class":943},[58,27766,1396],{"class":939},[58,27768,14601],{"class":68},[58,27770,27771],{"class":81}," 1\n",[58,27773,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,27775,7416],{"class":68},[58,27777,1396],{"class":939},[58,27779,2882],{"class":943},[58,27781,1396],{"class":939},[58,27783,973],{"class":68},[58,27785,1085],{"class":81},[58,27787,7447],{"class":68},[16,27789,155,27790,27794],{},[374,27791,27792],{"href":10711},[20,27793,10908],{}," when you know the key.",[16,27796,155,27797,27799],{},[20,27798,10915],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[44,27801,27803],{"id":27802},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[16,27805,27806,27807,27809],{},"Calling ",[20,27808,10915],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[49,27811,27813],{"className":51,"code":27812,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[20,27814,27815,27823],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27816,27817,27819,27821],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27818,7303],{"class":286},[58,27820,290],{"class":77},[58,27822,7977],{"class":68},[58,27824,27825,27827,27829,27831],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27826,7342],{"class":286},[58,27828,499],{"class":68},[58,27830,26703],{"class":239},[58,27832,6779],{"class":68},[16,27834,27835],{},[1855,27836,27837],{},"Error:",[49,27839,27841],{"className":51,"code":27840,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[20,27842,27843],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27844,27845,27847,27849,27851,27854],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27846,17839],{"class":991},[58,27848,973],{"class":68},[58,27850,1391],{"class":939},[58,27852,27853],{"class":943},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[58,27855,27856],{"class":939},"'\n",[617,27858,27860],{"id":27859},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[49,27862,27864],{"className":51,"code":27863,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[20,27865,27866,27874,27878,27886,27901,27911,27917],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27867,27868,27870,27872],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27869,7303],{"class":286},[58,27871,290],{"class":77},[58,27873,7977],{"class":68},[58,27875,27876],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27877,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27879,27880,27882,27884],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,27881,5127],{"class":1991},[58,27883,12714],{"class":286},[58,27885,4521],{"class":68},[58,27887,27888,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,27889,27890],{"class":286},"    item ",[58,27892,290],{"class":77},[58,27894,12714],{"class":286},[58,27896,499],{"class":68},[58,27898,26703],{"class":239},[58,27900,6779],{"class":68},[58,27902,27903,27905,27907,27909],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,27904,6202],{"class":64},[58,27906,69],{"class":68},[58,27908,21464],{"class":239},[58,27910,243],{"class":68},[58,27912,27913,27915],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,27914,25589],{"class":1991},[58,27916,4521],{"class":68},[58,27918,27919,27921,27923,27925,27928,27930],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,27920,6202],{"class":64},[58,27922,69],{"class":68},[58,27924,940],{"class":939},[58,27926,27927],{"class":943},"Dictionary is empty",[58,27929,940],{"class":939},[58,27931,243],{"class":68},[617,27933,27935,27936],{"id":27934},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[20,27937,27938],{},"try-except",[49,27940,27942],{"className":51,"code":27941,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[20,27943,27944,27952,27956,27963,27977,27987,27997],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,27945,27946,27948,27950],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,27947,7303],{"class":286},[58,27949,290],{"class":77},[58,27951,7977],{"class":68},[58,27953,27954],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,27955,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,27957,27958,27961],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,27959,27960],{"class":1991},"try",[58,27962,4521],{"class":68},[58,27964,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,27966,27890],{"class":286},[58,27968,290],{"class":77},[58,27970,12714],{"class":286},[58,27972,499],{"class":68},[58,27974,26703],{"class":239},[58,27976,6779],{"class":68},[58,27978,27979,27981,27983,27985],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,27980,6202],{"class":64},[58,27982,69],{"class":68},[58,27984,21464],{"class":239},[58,27986,243],{"class":68},[58,27988,27989,27992,27995],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,27990,27991],{"class":1991},"except",[58,27993,27994],{"class":991}," KeyError",[58,27996,4521],{"class":68},[58,27998,27999,28001,28003,28005,28008,28010],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,28000,6202],{"class":64},[58,28002,69],{"class":68},[58,28004,940],{"class":939},[58,28006,28007],{"class":943},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[58,28009,940],{"class":939},[58,28011,243],{"class":68},[16,28013,28014,28015,499],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[374,28016,23834,28018],{"href":28017},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[20,28019,28020],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,28022,3083,28024],{"id":28023},"when-to-use-popitem",[20,28025,10915],{},[16,28027,28028,28030],{},[20,28029,10915],{}," is useful when:",[28,28032,28033,28036,28039],{},[31,28034,28035],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[31,28037,28038],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[31,28040,28041],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[16,28043,28044],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[49,28046,28048],{"className":51,"code":28047,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[20,28049,28050,28059,28079,28099,28117,28121,28125,28135,28154],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28051,28052,28055,28057],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28053,28054],{"class":286},"tasks ",[58,28056,290],{"class":77},[58,28058,9636],{"class":68},[58,28060,28061,28063,28066,28068,28070,28072,28075,28077],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,28062,9641],{"class":939},[58,28064,28065],{"class":943},"first",[58,28067,940],{"class":939},[58,28069,973],{"class":68},[58,28071,1450],{"class":939},[58,28073,28074],{"class":943},"wash dishes",[58,28076,940],{"class":939},[58,28078,9657],{"class":68},[58,28080,28081,28083,28086,28088,28090,28092,28095,28097],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,28082,9641],{"class":939},[58,28084,28085],{"class":943},"second",[58,28087,940],{"class":939},[58,28089,973],{"class":68},[58,28091,1450],{"class":939},[58,28093,28094],{"class":943},"do homework",[58,28096,940],{"class":939},[58,28098,9657],{"class":68},[58,28100,28101,28103,28106,28108,28110,28112,28115],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,28102,9641],{"class":939},[58,28104,28105],{"class":943},"third",[58,28107,940],{"class":939},[58,28109,973],{"class":68},[58,28111,1450],{"class":939},[58,28113,28114],{"class":943},"read book",[58,28116,1456],{"class":939},[58,28118,28119],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,28120,7447],{"class":68},[58,28122,28123],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,28124,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,28126,28127,28130,28133],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,28128,28129],{"class":1991},"while",[58,28131,28132],{"class":286}," tasks",[58,28134,4521],{"class":68},[58,28136,28137,28140,28142,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,28138,28139],{"class":286},"    key",[58,28141,1082],{"class":68},[58,28143,19737],{"class":286},[58,28145,290],{"class":77},[58,28147,28132],{"class":286},[58,28149,499],{"class":68},[58,28151,26703],{"class":239},[58,28153,6779],{"class":68},[58,28155,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,28157,6202],{"class":64},[58,28159,69],{"class":68},[58,28161,20447],{"class":126},[58,28163,940],{"class":943},[58,28165,7416],{"class":81},[58,28167,12989],{"class":239},[58,28169,20456],{"class":81},[58,28171,20459],{"class":943},[58,28173,7416],{"class":81},[58,28175,553],{"class":239},[58,28177,20456],{"class":81},[58,28179,940],{"class":943},[58,28181,243],{"class":68},[16,28183,28184],{},[1855,28185,28186],{},"Possible output:",[49,28188,28190],{"className":51,"code":28189,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[20,28191,28192,28201,28210],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28193,28194,28196,28198],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28195,28105],{"class":286},[58,28197,973],{"class":68},[58,28199,28200],{"class":286}," read book\n",[58,28202,28203,28205,28207],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,28204,28085],{"class":286},[58,28206,973],{"class":68},[58,28208,28209],{"class":286}," do homework\n",[58,28211,28212,28214,28216],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,28213,28065],{"class":286},[58,28215,973],{"class":68},[58,28217,28218],{"class":286}," wash dishes\n",[16,28220,27217,28221,28223],{},[20,28222,10915],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[44,28225,914],{"id":913},[16,28227,12881,28228,973],{},[20,28229,10915],{},[28,28231,28232,28246,28265,28276],{},[31,28233,28234,28239],{},[1855,28235,27806,28236,28238],{},[20,28237,10915],{}," on an empty dictionary",[28,28240,28241],{},[31,28242,28243,28244,499],{},"This raises ",[20,28245,17839],{},[31,28247,28248,28253],{},[1855,28249,6588,28250,28252],{},[20,28251,10915],{}," to remove a specific key",[28,28254,28255,28258],{},[31,28256,28257],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[31,28259,155,28260,28264],{},[374,28261,28262],{"href":10711},[20,28263,10908],{}," if you need that.",[31,28266,28267,28271],{},[1855,28268,2825,28269,25855],{},[20,28270,10915],{},[28,28272,28273],{},[31,28274,28275],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[31,28277,28278,28281],{},[1855,28279,28280],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[28,28282,28283],{},[31,28284,28285,20128,28287,28289],{},[20,28286,10915],{},[20,28288,19808],{}," tuple.",[16,28291,28292],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[49,28294,28296],{"className":51,"code":28295,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[20,28297,28298,28308,28322,28326,28340],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28299,28300,28302,28304,28306],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28301,65],{"class":64},[58,28303,69],{"class":68},[58,28305,9592],{"class":239},[58,28307,243],{"class":68},[58,28309,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,28311,65],{"class":64},[58,28313,69],{"class":68},[58,28315,9303],{"class":64},[58,28317,69],{"class":68},[58,28319,9592],{"class":239},[58,28321,85],{"class":68},[58,28323,28324],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,28325,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,28327,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336,28338],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,28329,26694],{"class":286},[58,28331,290],{"class":77},[58,28333,9910],{"class":286},[58,28335,499],{"class":68},[58,28337,26703],{"class":239},[58,28339,6779],{"class":68},[58,28341,28342,28344,28346,28348],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,28343,65],{"class":64},[58,28345,69],{"class":68},[58,28347,21464],{"class":239},[58,28349,243],{"class":68},[16,28351,28352],{},"Or with unpacking:",[49,28354,28356],{"className":51,"code":28355,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[20,28357,28358,28376,28386],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28359,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28361,12989],{"class":286},[58,28363,1082],{"class":68},[58,28365,19737],{"class":286},[58,28367,290],{"class":77},[58,28369,9910],{"class":286},[58,28371,499],{"class":68},[58,28373,26703],{"class":239},[58,28375,6779],{"class":68},[58,28377,28378,28380,28382,28384],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,28379,65],{"class":64},[58,28381,69],{"class":68},[58,28383,12989],{"class":239},[58,28385,243],{"class":68},[58,28387,28388,28390,28392,28394],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,28389,65],{"class":64},[58,28391,69],{"class":68},[58,28393,553],{"class":239},[58,28395,243],{"class":68},[44,28397,1555],{"id":1554},[617,28399,3265,28401,3268],{"id":28400},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[20,28402,10915],{},[16,28404,28405,28406,499],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[20,28407,28408],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[617,28410,10849,28412,28414],{"id":28411},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[20,28413,10915],{}," remove the last item?",[16,28416,28417],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[617,28419,28421,28422,28424],{"id":28420},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[20,28423,10915],{}," removes?",[16,28426,28427,28428,28432],{},"No. Use ",[374,28429,28430],{"href":10711},[20,28431,10908],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[617,28434,10849,28436,13044],{"id":28435},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[20,28437,10915],{},[16,28439,28440],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[617,28442,28444,28445,28447],{"id":28443},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[20,28446,10915],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[16,28449,28450,28451,28453,28454,499],{},"It raises ",[20,28452,17839],{}," with the message ",[20,28455,27853],{},[44,28457,1603],{"id":1602},[28,28459,28460,28467,28473,28479,28485,28492,28496,28500],{},[31,28461,28462],{},[374,28463,28464,28466],{"href":10711},[20,28465,10908],{}," method for dictionaries",[31,28468,28469],{},[374,28470,28471,28466],{"href":15225},[20,28472,15228],{},[31,28474,28475],{},[374,28476,28477,28466],{"href":15212},[20,28478,15215],{},[31,28480,28481],{},[374,28482,28483,28466],{"href":15218},[20,28484,15221],{},[31,28486,28487],{},[374,28488,28490,28466],{"href":28489},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[20,28491,9463],{},[31,28493,28494],{},[374,28495,10932],{"href":10718},[31,28497,28498],{},[374,28499,19610],{"href":14746},[31,28501,28502],{},[374,28503,28504,28505],{"href":28017},"Fix ",[20,28506,28020],{},[1635,28508,28509],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":28511},[28512,28513,28515,28516,28517,28518,28519,28520,28525,28530,28532,28533,28545],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":26790,"depth":88,"text":28514},"What popitem() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":26860,"depth":88,"text":26861},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":27213,"depth":88,"text":27214},{"id":27405,"depth":88,"text":27406},{"id":27533,"depth":88,"text":28521,"children":28522},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[28523,28524],{"id":26703,"depth":104,"text":10915},{"id":24396,"depth":104,"text":10908},{"id":27802,"depth":88,"text":27803,"children":28526},[28527,28528],{"id":27859,"depth":104,"text":27860},{"id":27934,"depth":104,"text":28529},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":28023,"depth":88,"text":28531},"When to use popitem()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":28534},[28535,28537,28539,28541,28543],{"id":28400,"depth":104,"text":28536},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":28411,"depth":104,"text":28538},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":28420,"depth":104,"text":28540},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":28435,"depth":104,"text":28542},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28443,"depth":104,"text":28544},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":26529,"description":28546},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":28553,"title":28554,"body":28555,"description":30458,"extension":1667,"meta":30459,"navigation":318,"path":12180,"seo":30460,"stem":30461,"__hash__":30462},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":9,"value":28556,"toc":30430},[28557,28562,28567,28570,28572,28669,28674,28679,28684,28687,28695,28698,28713,28715,28815,28817,28874,28878,28880,28883,28903,28908,28919,28922,28949,28952,28954,29011,29013,29034,29040,29045,29048,29059,29061,29169,29171,29224,29226,29238,29245,29251,29256,29259,29347,29349,29394,29397,29405,29408,29411,29480,29483,29486,29490,29493,29564,29566,29619,29622,29625,29628,29643,29646,29658,29661,29724,29726,29732,29734,29736,29815,29817,29858,29860,29925,29927,29964,29969,29974,29978,29992,29995,30118,30120,30205,30210,30212,30216,30238,30241,30321,30324,30343,30348,30350,30356,30361,30367,30370,30376,30379,30385,30390,30396,30402,30404,30427],[12,28558,9460,28560,9464],{"id":28559},"python-dictionary-update-method",[20,28561,13102],{},[16,28563,18,28564,28566],{},[20,28565,13102],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[16,28568,28569],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[44,28571,47],{"id":46},[49,28573,28575],{"className":51,"code":28574,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,28576,28577,28613,28654,28664],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28578,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28580,11351],{"class":286},[58,28582,290],{"class":77},[58,28584,8630],{"class":68},[58,28586,940],{"class":939},[58,28588,5799],{"class":943},[58,28590,940],{"class":939},[58,28592,973],{"class":68},[58,28594,1450],{"class":939},[58,28596,11026],{"class":943},[58,28598,940],{"class":939},[58,28600,1082],{"class":68},[58,28602,1450],{"class":939},[58,28604,7437],{"class":943},[58,28606,940],{"class":939},[58,28608,973],{"class":68},[58,28610,5922],{"class":81},[58,28612,7447],{"class":68},[58,28614,28615,28617,28619,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,28616,15457],{"class":286},[58,28618,499],{"class":68},[58,28620,28621],{"class":239},"update",[58,28623,3655],{"class":68},[58,28625,940],{"class":939},[58,28627,7437],{"class":943},[58,28629,940],{"class":939},[58,28631,973],{"class":68},[58,28633,28634],{"class":81}," 21",[58,28636,1082],{"class":68},[58,28638,1450],{"class":939},[58,28640,8548],{"class":943},[58,28642,940],{"class":939},[58,28644,973],{"class":68},[58,28646,1450],{"class":939},[58,28648,14180],{"class":943},[58,28650,940],{"class":939},[58,28652,28653],{"class":68},"})\n",[58,28655,28656,28658,28660,28662],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,28657,65],{"class":64},[58,28659,69],{"class":68},[58,28661,15457],{"class":239},[58,28663,243],{"class":68},[58,28665,28666],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,28667,28668],{"class":1773},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[16,28670,155,28671,28673],{},[20,28672,13102],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[44,28675,1788,28677,1791],{"id":28676},"what-update-does",[20,28678,13102],{},[16,28680,28681,28683],{},[20,28682,13102],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[16,28685,28686],{},"It can do two main things:",[28,28688,28689,28692],{},[31,28690,28691],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[31,28693,28694],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[16,28696,28697],{},"Important things to know:",[28,28699,28700,28703,28706,28710],{},[31,28701,28702],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[31,28704,28705],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[31,28707,3271,28708],{},[20,28709,1891],{},[31,28711,28712],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[16,28714,276],{},[49,28716,28718],{"className":51,"code":28717,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[20,28719,28720,28762,28805],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28721,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28758,28760],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28723,11009],{"class":286},[58,28725,290],{"class":77},[58,28727,8630],{"class":68},[58,28729,940],{"class":939},[58,28731,5799],{"class":943},[58,28733,940],{"class":939},[58,28735,973],{"class":68},[58,28737,1450],{"class":939},[58,28739,28740],{"class":943},"Mira",[58,28742,940],{"class":939},[58,28744,1082],{"class":68},[58,28746,1450],{"class":939},[58,28748,18043],{"class":943},[58,28750,940],{"class":939},[58,28752,973],{"class":68},[58,28754,1450],{"class":939},[58,28756,28757],{"class":943},"B",[58,28759,940],{"class":939},[58,28761,7447],{"class":68},[58,28763,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28801,28803],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,28765,11773],{"class":286},[58,28767,499],{"class":68},[58,28769,28621],{"class":239},[58,28771,3655],{"class":68},[58,28773,940],{"class":939},[58,28775,18043],{"class":943},[58,28777,940],{"class":939},[58,28779,973],{"class":68},[58,28781,1450],{"class":939},[58,28783,20398],{"class":943},[58,28785,940],{"class":939},[58,28787,1082],{"class":68},[58,28789,1450],{"class":939},[58,28791,8548],{"class":943},[58,28793,940],{"class":939},[58,28795,973],{"class":68},[58,28797,1450],{"class":939},[58,28799,28800],{"class":943},"Quito",[58,28802,940],{"class":939},[58,28804,28653],{"class":68},[58,28806,28807,28809,28811,28813],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,28808,65],{"class":64},[58,28810,69],{"class":68},[58,28812,11773],{"class":239},[58,28814,243],{"class":68},[16,28816,132],{},[49,28818,28820],{"className":51,"code":28819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[20,28821,28822],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28823,28824,28826,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28825,7416],{"class":68},[58,28827,1396],{"class":939},[58,28829,5799],{"class":943},[58,28831,1396],{"class":939},[58,28833,973],{"class":68},[58,28835,1391],{"class":939},[58,28837,28740],{"class":943},[58,28839,1396],{"class":939},[58,28841,1082],{"class":68},[58,28843,1391],{"class":939},[58,28845,18043],{"class":943},[58,28847,1396],{"class":939},[58,28849,973],{"class":68},[58,28851,1391],{"class":939},[58,28853,20398],{"class":943},[58,28855,1396],{"class":939},[58,28857,1082],{"class":68},[58,28859,1391],{"class":939},[58,28861,8548],{"class":943},[58,28863,1396],{"class":939},[58,28865,973],{"class":68},[58,28867,1391],{"class":939},[58,28869,28800],{"class":943},[58,28871,1396],{"class":939},[58,28873,7447],{"class":68},[16,28875,7289,28876,499],{},[374,28877,22782],{"href":7529},[44,28879,222],{"id":221},[16,28881,28882],{},"The basic form is:",[49,28884,28886],{"className":51,"code":28885,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[20,28887,28888],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28889,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898,28901],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28891,13753],{"class":286},[58,28893,499],{"class":68},[58,28895,28621],{"class":239},[58,28897,69],{"class":68},[58,28899,28900],{"class":239},"other",[58,28902,243],{"class":68},[16,28904,28905,28907],{},[20,28906,28900],{}," can be:",[28,28909,28910,28913,28916],{},[31,28911,28912],{},"Another dictionary",[31,28914,28915],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[31,28917,28918],{},"Keyword arguments",[16,28920,28921],{},"You can also use:",[49,28923,28925],{"className":51,"code":28924,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[20,28926,28927],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28928,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28930,13753],{"class":286},[58,28932,499],{"class":68},[58,28934,28621],{"class":239},[58,28936,69],{"class":68},[58,28938,5799],{"class":7313},[58,28940,290],{"class":77},[58,28942,940],{"class":939},[58,28944,5808],{"class":943},[58,28946,940],{"class":939},[58,28948,243],{"class":68},[16,28950,28951],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[16,28953,276],{},[49,28955,28957],{"className":51,"code":28956,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[20,28958,28959,28979,29001],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,28960,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,28962,7303],{"class":286},[58,28964,290],{"class":77},[58,28966,8630],{"class":68},[58,28968,940],{"class":939},[58,28970,374],{"class":943},[58,28972,940],{"class":939},[58,28974,973],{"class":68},[58,28976,3623],{"class":81},[58,28978,7447],{"class":68},[58,28980,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,28982,7342],{"class":286},[58,28984,499],{"class":68},[58,28986,28621],{"class":239},[58,28988,3655],{"class":68},[58,28990,940],{"class":939},[58,28992,374],{"class":943},[58,28994,940],{"class":939},[58,28996,973],{"class":68},[58,28998,4131],{"class":81},[58,29000,28653],{"class":68},[58,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29004,65],{"class":64},[58,29006,69],{"class":68},[58,29008,7342],{"class":239},[58,29010,243],{"class":68},[16,29012,132],{},[49,29014,29016],{"className":51,"code":29015,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a': 10}\n",[20,29017,29018],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29019,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29021,7416],{"class":68},[58,29023,1396],{"class":939},[58,29025,374],{"class":943},[58,29027,1396],{"class":939},[58,29029,973],{"class":68},[58,29031,4131],{"class":81},[58,29033,7447],{"class":68},[44,29035,6552,29037,29039],{"id":29036},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[20,29038,13102],{}," with another dictionary",[16,29041,29042,29043,499],{},"This is the most common use of ",[20,29044,13102],{},[16,29046,29047],{},"It is useful when:",[28,29049,29050,29053,29056],{},[31,29051,29052],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[31,29054,29055],{},"Adding extra settings",[31,29057,29058],{},"Updating stored data",[16,29060,276],{},[49,29062,29064],{"className":51,"code":29063,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[20,29065,29066,29103,29140,29144,29159],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29067,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080,29082,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29101],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29069,11973],{"class":286},[58,29071,290],{"class":77},[58,29073,8630],{"class":68},[58,29075,940],{"class":939},[58,29077,10639],{"class":943},[58,29079,940],{"class":939},[58,29081,973],{"class":68},[58,29083,1450],{"class":939},[58,29085,19080],{"class":943},[58,29087,940],{"class":939},[58,29089,1082],{"class":68},[58,29091,1450],{"class":939},[58,29093,11998],{"class":943},[58,29095,940],{"class":939},[58,29097,973],{"class":68},[58,29099,29100],{"class":81}," 12",[58,29102,7447],{"class":68},[58,29104,29105,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136,29138],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29106,29107],{"class":286},"new_settings ",[58,29109,290],{"class":77},[58,29111,8630],{"class":68},[58,29113,940],{"class":939},[58,29115,11998],{"class":943},[58,29117,940],{"class":939},[58,29119,973],{"class":68},[58,29121,12005],{"class":81},[58,29123,1082],{"class":68},[58,29125,1450],{"class":939},[58,29127,18275],{"class":943},[58,29129,940],{"class":939},[58,29131,973],{"class":68},[58,29133,1450],{"class":939},[58,29135,18309],{"class":943},[58,29137,940],{"class":939},[58,29139,7447],{"class":68},[58,29141,29142],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29143,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,29145,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29157],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,29147,12032],{"class":286},[58,29149,499],{"class":68},[58,29151,28621],{"class":239},[58,29153,69],{"class":68},[58,29155,29156],{"class":239},"new_settings",[58,29158,243],{"class":68},[58,29160,29161,29163,29165,29167],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,29162,65],{"class":64},[58,29164,69],{"class":68},[58,29166,12032],{"class":239},[58,29168,243],{"class":68},[16,29170,132],{},[49,29172,29174],{"className":51,"code":29173,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[20,29175,29176],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29177,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29179,7416],{"class":68},[58,29181,1396],{"class":939},[58,29183,10639],{"class":943},[58,29185,1396],{"class":939},[58,29187,973],{"class":68},[58,29189,1391],{"class":939},[58,29191,19080],{"class":943},[58,29193,1396],{"class":939},[58,29195,1082],{"class":68},[58,29197,1391],{"class":939},[58,29199,11998],{"class":943},[58,29201,1396],{"class":939},[58,29203,973],{"class":68},[58,29205,12005],{"class":81},[58,29207,1082],{"class":68},[58,29209,1391],{"class":939},[58,29211,18275],{"class":943},[58,29213,1396],{"class":939},[58,29215,973],{"class":68},[58,29217,1391],{"class":939},[58,29219,18309],{"class":943},[58,29221,1396],{"class":939},[58,29223,7447],{"class":68},[16,29225,11556],{},[28,29227,29228,29233],{},[31,29229,29230,29232],{},[20,29231,11998],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[31,29234,29235,29237],{},[20,29236,18275],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[16,29239,29240,29241,499],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[374,29242,29244],{"href":29243},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[44,29246,6552,29248,29250],{"id":29247},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[20,29249,13102],{}," with key-value pairs",[16,29252,29253,29255],{},[20,29254,13102],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[16,29257,29258],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[49,29260,29262],{"className":51,"code":29261,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[20,29263,29264,29284,29319,29323,29337],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29265,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278,29280,29282],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29267,3186],{"class":286},[58,29269,290],{"class":77},[58,29271,8630],{"class":68},[58,29273,940],{"class":939},[58,29275,16568],{"class":943},[58,29277,940],{"class":939},[58,29279,973],{"class":68},[58,29281,18050],{"class":81},[58,29283,7447],{"class":68},[58,29285,29286,29288,29290,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29311,29313,29315,29317],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29287,7353],{"class":286},[58,29289,290],{"class":77},[58,29291,7358],{"class":68},[58,29293,940],{"class":939},[58,29295,16577],{"class":943},[58,29297,940],{"class":939},[58,29299,1082],{"class":68},[58,29301,11654],{"class":81},[58,29303,7371],{"class":68},[58,29305,7374],{"class":68},[58,29307,940],{"class":939},[58,29309,29310],{"class":943},"english",[58,29312,940],{"class":939},[58,29314,1082],{"class":68},[58,29316,27076],{"class":81},[58,29318,7387],{"class":68},[58,29320,29321],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29322,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,29324,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,29326,14538],{"class":286},[58,29328,499],{"class":68},[58,29330,28621],{"class":239},[58,29332,69],{"class":68},[58,29334,7400],{"class":239},[58,29336,243],{"class":68},[58,29338,29339,29341,29343,29345],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,29340,65],{"class":64},[58,29342,69],{"class":68},[58,29344,14538],{"class":239},[58,29346,243],{"class":68},[16,29348,132],{},[49,29350,29352],{"className":51,"code":29351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[20,29353,29354],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29355,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29357,7416],{"class":68},[58,29359,1396],{"class":939},[58,29361,16568],{"class":943},[58,29363,1396],{"class":939},[58,29365,973],{"class":68},[58,29367,18050],{"class":81},[58,29369,1082],{"class":68},[58,29371,1391],{"class":939},[58,29373,16577],{"class":943},[58,29375,1396],{"class":939},[58,29377,973],{"class":68},[58,29379,11654],{"class":81},[58,29381,1082],{"class":68},[58,29383,1391],{"class":939},[58,29385,29310],{"class":943},[58,29387,1396],{"class":939},[58,29389,973],{"class":68},[58,29391,27076],{"class":81},[58,29393,7447],{"class":68},[16,29395,29396],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[28,29398,29399,29402],{},[31,29400,29401],{},"The key",[31,29403,29404],{},"The value",[16,29406,29407],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[16,29409,29410],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[49,29412,29414],{"className":51,"code":29413,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[20,29415,29416,29436,29461,29465],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29417,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29419,7303],{"class":286},[58,29421,290],{"class":77},[58,29423,8630],{"class":68},[58,29425,940],{"class":939},[58,29427,374],{"class":943},[58,29429,940],{"class":939},[58,29431,973],{"class":68},[58,29433,3623],{"class":81},[58,29435,7447],{"class":68},[58,29437,29438,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451,29453,29455,29457,29459],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29439,29440],{"class":286},"bad_pairs ",[58,29442,290],{"class":77},[58,29444,7358],{"class":68},[58,29446,940],{"class":939},[58,29448,2882],{"class":943},[58,29450,940],{"class":939},[58,29452,1082],{"class":68},[58,29454,1085],{"class":81},[58,29456,1082],{"class":68},[58,29458,531],{"class":81},[58,29460,7387],{"class":68},[58,29462,29463],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29464,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,29466,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29478],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,29468,7342],{"class":286},[58,29470,499],{"class":68},[58,29472,28621],{"class":239},[58,29474,69],{"class":68},[58,29476,29477],{"class":239},"bad_pairs",[58,29479,243],{"class":68},[16,29481,29482],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[16,29484,29485],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[44,29487,29489],{"id":29488},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[16,29491,29492],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[49,29494,29496],{"className":51,"code":29495,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[20,29497,29498,29522,29554],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29499,29500,29502,29504,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29501,9631],{"class":286},[58,29503,290],{"class":77},[58,29505,8630],{"class":68},[58,29507,940],{"class":939},[58,29509,5799],{"class":943},[58,29511,940],{"class":939},[58,29513,973],{"class":68},[58,29515,1450],{"class":939},[58,29517,27069],{"class":943},[58,29519,940],{"class":939},[58,29521,7447],{"class":68},[58,29523,29524,29526,29528,29530,29532,29534,29536,29538,29540,29543,29545,29547,29550,29552],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29525,9725],{"class":286},[58,29527,499],{"class":68},[58,29529,28621],{"class":239},[58,29531,69],{"class":68},[58,29533,7437],{"class":7313},[58,29535,290],{"class":77},[58,29537,7331],{"class":81},[58,29539,1082],{"class":68},[58,29541,29542],{"class":7313}," city",[58,29544,290],{"class":77},[58,29546,940],{"class":939},[58,29548,29549],{"class":943},"Madrid",[58,29551,940],{"class":939},[58,29553,243],{"class":68},[58,29555,29556,29558,29560,29562],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29557,65],{"class":64},[58,29559,69],{"class":68},[58,29561,9725],{"class":239},[58,29563,243],{"class":68},[16,29565,132],{},[49,29567,29569],{"className":51,"code":29568,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[20,29570,29571],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29572,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29574,7416],{"class":68},[58,29576,1396],{"class":939},[58,29578,5799],{"class":943},[58,29580,1396],{"class":939},[58,29582,973],{"class":68},[58,29584,1391],{"class":939},[58,29586,27069],{"class":943},[58,29588,1396],{"class":939},[58,29590,1082],{"class":68},[58,29592,1391],{"class":939},[58,29594,7437],{"class":943},[58,29596,1396],{"class":939},[58,29598,973],{"class":68},[58,29600,7444],{"class":81},[58,29602,1082],{"class":68},[58,29604,1391],{"class":939},[58,29606,8548],{"class":943},[58,29608,1396],{"class":939},[58,29610,973],{"class":68},[58,29612,1391],{"class":939},[58,29614,29549],{"class":943},[58,29616,1396],{"class":939},[58,29618,7447],{"class":68},[16,29620,29621],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[16,29623,29624],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[16,29626,29627],{},"These work:",[28,29629,29630,29634,29638],{},[31,29631,29632],{},[20,29633,7437],{},[31,29635,29636],{},[20,29637,8548],{},[31,29639,29640],{},[20,29641,29642],{},"first_name",[16,29644,29645],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[28,29647,29648,29653],{},[31,29649,29650],{},[20,29651,29652],{},"\"first name\"",[31,29654,29655],{},[20,29656,29657],{},"\"user-id\"",[16,29659,29660],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[49,29662,29664],{"className":51,"code":29663,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[20,29665,29666,29674,29714],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29667,29668,29670,29672],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29669,9631],{"class":286},[58,29671,290],{"class":77},[58,29673,7977],{"class":68},[58,29675,29676,29678,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694,29696,29698,29700,29702,29705,29707,29709,29712],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29677,9725],{"class":286},[58,29679,499],{"class":68},[58,29681,28621],{"class":239},[58,29683,3655],{"class":68},[58,29685,940],{"class":939},[58,29687,8652],{"class":943},[58,29689,940],{"class":939},[58,29691,973],{"class":68},[58,29693,1450],{"class":939},[58,29695,27069],{"class":943},[58,29697,940],{"class":939},[58,29699,1082],{"class":68},[58,29701,1450],{"class":939},[58,29703,29704],{"class":943},"user-id",[58,29706,940],{"class":939},[58,29708,973],{"class":68},[58,29710,29711],{"class":81}," 1001",[58,29713,28653],{"class":68},[58,29715,29716,29718,29720,29722],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29717,65],{"class":64},[58,29719,69],{"class":68},[58,29721,9725],{"class":239},[58,29723,243],{"class":68},[44,29725,15569],{"id":15568},[16,29727,29728,475,29730,499],{},[20,29729,13102],{},[20,29731,1891],{},[16,29733,12196],{},[16,29735,22862],{},[49,29737,29739],{"className":51,"code":29738,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[20,29740,29741,29765,29791,29795,29805],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29742,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753,29755,29757,29759,29761,29763],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29744,11351],{"class":286},[58,29746,290],{"class":77},[58,29748,8630],{"class":68},[58,29750,940],{"class":939},[58,29752,5799],{"class":943},[58,29754,940],{"class":939},[58,29756,973],{"class":68},[58,29758,1450],{"class":939},[58,29760,11026],{"class":943},[58,29762,940],{"class":939},[58,29764,7447],{"class":68},[58,29766,29767,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29768,301],{"class":286},[58,29770,290],{"class":77},[58,29772,11394],{"class":286},[58,29774,499],{"class":68},[58,29776,28621],{"class":239},[58,29778,3655],{"class":68},[58,29780,940],{"class":939},[58,29782,7437],{"class":943},[58,29784,940],{"class":939},[58,29786,973],{"class":68},[58,29788,5922],{"class":81},[58,29790,28653],{"class":68},[58,29792,29793],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29794,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,29796,29797,29799,29801,29803],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,29798,65],{"class":64},[58,29800,69],{"class":68},[58,29802,340],{"class":239},[58,29804,243],{"class":68},[58,29806,29807,29809,29811,29813],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,29808,65],{"class":64},[58,29810,69],{"class":68},[58,29812,15457],{"class":239},[58,29814,243],{"class":68},[16,29816,132],{},[49,29818,29820],{"className":51,"code":29819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[20,29821,29822,29826],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29823,29824],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29825,9952],{"class":1966},[58,29827,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838,29840,29842,29844,29846,29848,29850,29852,29854,29856],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29829,7416],{"class":68},[58,29831,1396],{"class":939},[58,29833,5799],{"class":943},[58,29835,1396],{"class":939},[58,29837,973],{"class":68},[58,29839,1391],{"class":939},[58,29841,11026],{"class":943},[58,29843,1396],{"class":939},[58,29845,1082],{"class":68},[58,29847,1391],{"class":939},[58,29849,7437],{"class":943},[58,29851,1396],{"class":939},[58,29853,973],{"class":68},[58,29855,5922],{"class":81},[58,29857,7447],{"class":68},[16,29859,14805],{},[49,29861,29863],{"className":51,"code":29862,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[20,29864,29865,29889,29911,29915],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29866,29867,29869,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29868,11351],{"class":286},[58,29870,290],{"class":77},[58,29872,8630],{"class":68},[58,29874,940],{"class":939},[58,29876,5799],{"class":943},[58,29878,940],{"class":939},[58,29880,973],{"class":68},[58,29882,1450],{"class":939},[58,29884,11026],{"class":943},[58,29886,940],{"class":939},[58,29888,7447],{"class":68},[58,29890,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899,29901,29903,29905,29907,29909],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,29892,15457],{"class":286},[58,29894,499],{"class":68},[58,29896,28621],{"class":239},[58,29898,3655],{"class":68},[58,29900,940],{"class":939},[58,29902,7437],{"class":943},[58,29904,940],{"class":939},[58,29906,973],{"class":68},[58,29908,5922],{"class":81},[58,29910,28653],{"class":68},[58,29912,29913],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,29914,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,29916,29917,29919,29921,29923],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,29918,65],{"class":64},[58,29920,69],{"class":68},[58,29922,15457],{"class":239},[58,29924,243],{"class":68},[16,29926,132],{},[49,29928,29930],{"className":51,"code":29929,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[20,29931,29932],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,29933,29934,29936,29938,29940,29942,29944,29946,29948,29950,29952,29954,29956,29958,29960,29962],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,29935,7416],{"class":68},[58,29937,1396],{"class":939},[58,29939,5799],{"class":943},[58,29941,1396],{"class":939},[58,29943,973],{"class":68},[58,29945,1391],{"class":939},[58,29947,11026],{"class":943},[58,29949,1396],{"class":939},[58,29951,1082],{"class":68},[58,29953,1391],{"class":939},[58,29955,7437],{"class":943},[58,29957,1396],{"class":939},[58,29959,973],{"class":68},[58,29961,5922],{"class":81},[58,29963,7447],{"class":68},[16,29965,29966,29967,499],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[374,29968,16055],{"href":8871},[44,29970,3083,29972],{"id":29971},"when-to-use-update",[20,29973,13102],{},[16,29975,155,29976,8741],{},[20,29977,13102],{},[28,29979,29980,29983,29986,29989],{},[31,29981,29982],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[31,29984,29985],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[31,29987,29988],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[31,29990,29991],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[16,29993,29994],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[49,29996,29998],{"className":51,"code":29997,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[20,29999,30000,30036,30051,30055,30094,30098,30108],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30001,30002,30004,30006,30008,30010,30012,30014,30016,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30003,10230],{"class":286},[58,30005,290],{"class":77},[58,30007,8630],{"class":68},[58,30009,940],{"class":939},[58,30011,5799],{"class":943},[58,30013,940],{"class":939},[58,30015,973],{"class":68},[58,30017,1450],{"class":939},[58,30019,11026],{"class":943},[58,30021,940],{"class":939},[58,30023,1082],{"class":68},[58,30025,1450],{"class":939},[58,30027,7437],{"class":943},[58,30029,940],{"class":939},[58,30031,973],{"class":68},[58,30033,5922],{"class":81},[58,30035,7447],{"class":68},[58,30037,30038,30041,30043,30045,30047,30049],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30039,30040],{"class":286},"updated ",[58,30042,290],{"class":77},[58,30044,10305],{"class":286},[58,30046,499],{"class":68},[58,30048,11057],{"class":239},[58,30050,6779],{"class":68},[58,30052,30053],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,30054,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,30056,30057,30060,30062,30064,30066,30068,30070,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,30058,30059],{"class":286},"updated",[58,30061,499],{"class":68},[58,30063,28621],{"class":239},[58,30065,3655],{"class":68},[58,30067,940],{"class":939},[58,30069,7437],{"class":943},[58,30071,940],{"class":939},[58,30073,973],{"class":68},[58,30075,28634],{"class":81},[58,30077,1082],{"class":68},[58,30079,1450],{"class":939},[58,30081,8548],{"class":943},[58,30083,940],{"class":939},[58,30085,973],{"class":68},[58,30087,1450],{"class":939},[58,30089,14180],{"class":943},[58,30091,940],{"class":939},[58,30093,28653],{"class":68},[58,30095,30096],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,30097,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,30099,30100,30102,30104,30106],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,30101,65],{"class":64},[58,30103,69],{"class":68},[58,30105,10277],{"class":239},[58,30107,243],{"class":68},[58,30109,30110,30112,30114,30116],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,30111,65],{"class":64},[58,30113,69],{"class":68},[58,30115,30059],{"class":239},[58,30117,243],{"class":68},[16,30119,132],{},[49,30121,30123],{"className":51,"code":30122,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30124,30125,30157],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30126,30127,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30128,7416],{"class":68},[58,30130,1396],{"class":939},[58,30132,5799],{"class":943},[58,30134,1396],{"class":939},[58,30136,973],{"class":68},[58,30138,1391],{"class":939},[58,30140,11026],{"class":943},[58,30142,1396],{"class":939},[58,30144,1082],{"class":68},[58,30146,1391],{"class":939},[58,30148,7437],{"class":943},[58,30150,1396],{"class":939},[58,30152,973],{"class":68},[58,30154,5922],{"class":81},[58,30156,7447],{"class":68},[58,30158,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30160,7416],{"class":68},[58,30162,1396],{"class":939},[58,30164,5799],{"class":943},[58,30166,1396],{"class":939},[58,30168,973],{"class":68},[58,30170,1391],{"class":939},[58,30172,11026],{"class":943},[58,30174,1396],{"class":939},[58,30176,1082],{"class":68},[58,30178,1391],{"class":939},[58,30180,7437],{"class":943},[58,30182,1396],{"class":939},[58,30184,973],{"class":68},[58,30186,28634],{"class":81},[58,30188,1082],{"class":68},[58,30190,1391],{"class":939},[58,30192,8548],{"class":943},[58,30194,1396],{"class":939},[58,30196,973],{"class":68},[58,30198,1391],{"class":939},[58,30200,14180],{"class":943},[58,30202,1396],{"class":939},[58,30204,7447],{"class":68},[16,30206,30207,30208,499],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[374,30209,14747],{"href":14746},[44,30211,914],{"id":913},[16,30213,8888,30214,973],{},[20,30215,13102],{},[28,30217,30218,30225,30229,30232,30235],{},[31,30219,10739,30220,30222,30223],{},[20,30221,13102],{}," to a variable and getting ",[20,30224,1891],{},[31,30226,6588,30227,10747],{},[20,30228,13102],{},[31,30230,30231],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[31,30233,30234],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[31,30236,30237],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[16,30239,30240],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[49,30242,30244],{"className":51,"code":30243,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[20,30245,30246,30256,30270,30284,30306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30247,30248,30250,30252,30254],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30249,65],{"class":64},[58,30251,69],{"class":68},[58,30253,9592],{"class":239},[58,30255,243],{"class":68},[58,30257,30258,30260,30262,30264,30266,30268],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30259,65],{"class":64},[58,30261,69],{"class":68},[58,30263,1316],{"class":991},[58,30265,69],{"class":68},[58,30267,7342],{"class":239},[58,30269,85],{"class":68},[58,30271,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,30273,65],{"class":64},[58,30275,69],{"class":68},[58,30277,6227],{"class":991},[58,30279,69],{"class":68},[58,30281,7342],{"class":239},[58,30283,85],{"class":68},[58,30285,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30304],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,30287,65],{"class":64},[58,30289,69],{"class":68},[58,30291,9592],{"class":239},[58,30293,499],{"class":68},[58,30295,17902],{"class":239},[58,30297,69],{"class":68},[58,30299,1396],{"class":939},[58,30301,12989],{"class":943},[58,30303,1396],{"class":939},[58,30305,85],{"class":68},[58,30307,30308,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,30309,30310],{"class":64},"help",[58,30312,69],{"class":68},[58,30314,6958],{"class":991},[58,30316,499],{"class":68},[58,30318,28621],{"class":22904},[58,30320,243],{"class":68},[16,30322,30323],{},"These can help you check:",[28,30325,30326,30329,30334,30337,30340],{},[31,30327,30328],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[31,30330,30331,30332],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[20,30333,13102],{},[31,30335,30336],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[31,30338,30339],{},"Whether a key exists",[31,30341,30342],{},"The built-in method help text",[16,30344,30345,30346,499],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[374,30347,9404],{"href":9215},[44,30349,1555],{"id":1554},[617,30351,10849,30353,30355],{"id":30352},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[20,30354,13102],{}," return a new dictionary?",[16,30357,30358,30359,499],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[20,30360,1891],{},[617,30362,10849,30364,30366],{"id":30363},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[20,30365,13102],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[16,30368,30369],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[617,30371,3293,30373,30375],{"id":30372},"can-update-add-new-keys",[20,30374,13102],{}," add new keys?",[16,30377,30378],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[617,30380,26484,30382,30384],{"id":30381},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[20,30383,13102],{}," with a list?",[16,30386,30387,30388,499],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[20,30389,9236],{},[617,30391,3303,30393,30395],{"id":30392},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[20,30394,13102],{}," and assigning one key?",[16,30397,30398,30399,30401],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[20,30400,13102],{}," can change many keys at once.",[44,30403,1603],{"id":1602},[28,30405,30406,30410,30414,30419,30423],{},[31,30407,30408],{},[374,30409,24250],{"href":7529},[31,30411,30412],{},[374,30413,9393],{"href":8871},[31,30415,30416],{},[374,30417,30418],{"href":29243},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[31,30420,30421],{},[374,30422,19610],{"href":14746},[31,30424,30425],{},[374,30426,9404],{"href":9215},[1635,30428,30429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":30431},[30432,30433,30435,30436,30438,30440,30441,30442,30444,30445,30457],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":28676,"depth":88,"text":30434},"What update() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":29036,"depth":88,"text":30437},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":29247,"depth":88,"text":30439},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":29488,"depth":88,"text":29489},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":29971,"depth":88,"text":30443},"When to use update()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":30446},[30447,30449,30451,30453,30455],{"id":30352,"depth":104,"text":30448},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":30363,"depth":104,"text":30450},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":30372,"depth":104,"text":30452},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":30381,"depth":104,"text":30454},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":30392,"depth":104,"text":30456},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":28554,"description":30458},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":30464,"title":30465,"body":30466,"description":32455,"extension":1667,"meta":32456,"navigation":318,"path":21048,"seo":32457,"stem":32458,"__hash__":32459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":9,"value":30467,"toc":32418},[30468,30473,30480,30483,30485,30584,30586,30641,30646,30651,30665,30670,30672,30687,30689,30703,30716,30721,30727,30734,30736,30843,30845,30894,30900,30975,30977,30998,31000,31003,31108,31110,31165,31167,31195,31199,31204,31283,31285,31305,31307,31318,31328,31332,31337,31441,31443,31468,31471,31482,31487,31496,31499,31516,31518,31605,31607,31670,31672,31695,31697,31702,31708,31713,31715,31754,31760,31763,31782,31793,31799,31802,31875,31877,31896,31901,31904,31927,31933,31936,32000,32003,32080,32087,32090,32149,32155,32157,32176,32180,32183,32234,32237,32257,32259,32320,32322,32327,32332,32337,32342,32347,32352,32358,32361,32370,32378,32380,32415],[12,30469,9460,30471,9464],{"id":30470},"python-dictionary-values-method",[20,30472,15221],{},[16,30474,30475,30476,30479],{},"The Python ",[20,30477,30478],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[16,30481,30482],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[44,30484,47],{"id":46},[49,30486,30488],{"className":51,"code":30487,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[20,30489,30490,30542,30556,30560,30570],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30491,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30493,11009],{"class":286},[58,30495,290],{"class":77},[58,30497,8630],{"class":68},[58,30499,940],{"class":939},[58,30501,5799],{"class":943},[58,30503,940],{"class":939},[58,30505,973],{"class":68},[58,30507,1450],{"class":939},[58,30509,11026],{"class":943},[58,30511,940],{"class":939},[58,30513,1082],{"class":68},[58,30515,1450],{"class":939},[58,30517,7437],{"class":943},[58,30519,940],{"class":939},[58,30521,973],{"class":68},[58,30523,5922],{"class":81},[58,30525,1082],{"class":68},[58,30527,1450],{"class":939},[58,30529,8548],{"class":943},[58,30531,940],{"class":939},[58,30533,973],{"class":68},[58,30535,1450],{"class":939},[58,30537,14180],{"class":943},[58,30539,940],{"class":939},[58,30541,7447],{"class":68},[58,30543,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30545,1936],{"class":286},[58,30547,290],{"class":77},[58,30549,11052],{"class":286},[58,30551,499],{"class":68},[58,30553,3483],{"class":239},[58,30555,6779],{"class":68},[58,30557,30558],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,30559,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,30561,30562,30564,30566,30568],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,30563,65],{"class":64},[58,30565,69],{"class":68},[58,30567,3483],{"class":239},[58,30569,243],{"class":68},[58,30571,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,30573,65],{"class":64},[58,30575,69],{"class":68},[58,30577,6227],{"class":991},[58,30579,69],{"class":68},[58,30581,3483],{"class":239},[58,30583,85],{"class":68},[16,30585,132],{},[49,30587,30589],{"className":51,"code":30588,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[20,30590,30591,30617],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30592,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30594,15187],{"class":239},[58,30596,1076],{"class":68},[58,30598,1396],{"class":939},[58,30600,11026],{"class":943},[58,30602,1396],{"class":939},[58,30604,1082],{"class":68},[58,30606,5922],{"class":81},[58,30608,1082],{"class":68},[58,30610,1391],{"class":939},[58,30612,14180],{"class":943},[58,30614,1396],{"class":939},[58,30616,2004],{"class":68},[58,30618,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30620,2016],{"class":68},[58,30622,1396],{"class":939},[58,30624,11026],{"class":943},[58,30626,1396],{"class":939},[58,30628,1082],{"class":68},[58,30630,5922],{"class":81},[58,30632,1082],{"class":68},[58,30634,1391],{"class":939},[58,30636,14180],{"class":943},[58,30638,1396],{"class":939},[58,30640,1743],{"class":68},[16,30642,30643,30645],{},[20,30644,15221],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[44,30647,1788,30649,1791],{"id":30648},"what-values-does",[20,30650,15221],{},[28,30652,30653,30656,30659,30662],{},[31,30654,30655],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[31,30657,30658],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[31,30660,30661],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[31,30663,30664],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[16,30666,30667,30668,499],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[374,30669,7530],{"href":7529},[44,30671,222],{"id":221},[49,30673,30675],{"className":51,"code":30674,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_dict.values()\n",[20,30676,30677],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30678,30679,30681,30683,30685],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30680,9592],{"class":286},[58,30682,499],{"class":68},[58,30684,3483],{"class":239},[58,30686,6779],{"class":68},[16,30688,11198],{},[28,30690,30691,30695,30698],{},[31,30692,30693,9608],{},[20,30694,15221],{},[31,30696,30697],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[31,30699,30700,30701],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[20,30702,15221],{},[16,30704,30705,30706,2512,30711,499],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[374,30707,30708,30710],{"href":15212},[20,30709,15215],{}," for dictionary keys",[374,30712,30713,30715],{"href":15225},[20,30714,15228],{}," for key-value pairs",[44,30717,1788,30719,9849],{"id":30718},"what-values-returns",[20,30720,15221],{},[16,30722,30723,20128,30725,22918],{},[20,30724,15221],{},[20,30726,15187],{},[16,30728,30729,30730,30733],{},"This object is a ",[1855,30731,30732],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[16,30735,276],{},[49,30737,30739],{"className":51,"code":30738,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[20,30740,30741,30777,30781,30796,30807,30811,30833],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30742,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30744,11351],{"class":286},[58,30746,290],{"class":77},[58,30748,8630],{"class":68},[58,30750,940],{"class":939},[58,30752,5799],{"class":943},[58,30754,940],{"class":939},[58,30756,973],{"class":68},[58,30758,1450],{"class":939},[58,30760,6054],{"class":943},[58,30762,940],{"class":939},[58,30764,1082],{"class":68},[58,30766,1450],{"class":939},[58,30768,7437],{"class":943},[58,30770,940],{"class":939},[58,30772,973],{"class":68},[58,30774,7444],{"class":81},[58,30776,7447],{"class":68},[58,30778,30779],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30780,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,30782,30783,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,30784,30785],{"class":286},"values_view ",[58,30787,290],{"class":77},[58,30789,11394],{"class":286},[58,30791,499],{"class":68},[58,30793,3483],{"class":239},[58,30795,6779],{"class":68},[58,30797,30798,30800,30802,30805],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,30799,65],{"class":64},[58,30801,69],{"class":68},[58,30803,30804],{"class":239},"values_view",[58,30806,243],{"class":68},[58,30808,30809],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,30810,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,30812,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,30814,15457],{"class":286},[58,30816,2016],{"class":68},[58,30818,940],{"class":939},[58,30820,8548],{"class":943},[58,30822,940],{"class":939},[58,30824,11420],{"class":68},[58,30826,11423],{"class":77},[58,30828,1450],{"class":939},[58,30830,28800],{"class":943},[58,30832,1456],{"class":939},[58,30834,30835,30837,30839,30841],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,30836,65],{"class":64},[58,30838,69],{"class":68},[58,30840,30804],{"class":239},[58,30842,243],{"class":68},[16,30844,132],{},[49,30846,30848],{"className":51,"code":30847,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[20,30849,30850,30868],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30851,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30853,15187],{"class":239},[58,30855,1076],{"class":68},[58,30857,1396],{"class":939},[58,30859,6054],{"class":943},[58,30861,1396],{"class":939},[58,30863,1082],{"class":68},[58,30865,7444],{"class":81},[58,30867,2004],{"class":68},[58,30869,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30871,15187],{"class":239},[58,30873,1076],{"class":68},[58,30875,1396],{"class":939},[58,30877,6054],{"class":943},[58,30879,1396],{"class":939},[58,30881,1082],{"class":68},[58,30883,7444],{"class":81},[58,30885,1082],{"class":68},[58,30887,1391],{"class":939},[58,30889,28800],{"class":943},[58,30891,1396],{"class":939},[58,30893,2004],{"class":68},[16,30895,30896,30897,499],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[20,30898,30899],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[49,30901,30903],{"className":51,"code":30902,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[20,30904,30905,30941,30960,30964],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30906,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30908,11351],{"class":286},[58,30910,290],{"class":77},[58,30912,8630],{"class":68},[58,30914,940],{"class":939},[58,30916,5799],{"class":943},[58,30918,940],{"class":939},[58,30920,973],{"class":68},[58,30922,1450],{"class":939},[58,30924,6054],{"class":943},[58,30926,940],{"class":939},[58,30928,1082],{"class":68},[58,30930,1450],{"class":939},[58,30932,7437],{"class":943},[58,30934,940],{"class":939},[58,30936,973],{"class":68},[58,30938,7444],{"class":81},[58,30940,7447],{"class":68},[58,30942,30943,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,30944,30945],{"class":286},"values_list ",[58,30947,290],{"class":77},[58,30949,20713],{"class":991},[58,30951,69],{"class":68},[58,30953,15457],{"class":239},[58,30955,499],{"class":68},[58,30957,3483],{"class":239},[58,30959,5324],{"class":68},[58,30961,30962],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,30963,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,30965,30966,30968,30970,30973],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,30967,65],{"class":64},[58,30969,69],{"class":68},[58,30971,30972],{"class":239},"values_list",[58,30974,243],{"class":68},[16,30976,132],{},[49,30978,30980],{"className":51,"code":30979,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Mia', 25]\n",[20,30981,30982],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,30983,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,30985,2016],{"class":68},[58,30987,1396],{"class":939},[58,30989,6054],{"class":943},[58,30991,1396],{"class":939},[58,30993,1082],{"class":68},[58,30995,7444],{"class":81},[58,30997,1743],{"class":68},[44,30999,9618],{"id":9617},[16,31001,31002],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[49,31004,31006],{"className":51,"code":31005,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,31007,31008,31062,31066,31080,31084,31094],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31009,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31043,31045,31047,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31011,22950],{"class":286},[58,31013,290],{"class":77},[58,31015,8630],{"class":68},[58,31017,940],{"class":939},[58,31019,22959],{"class":943},[58,31021,940],{"class":939},[58,31023,973],{"class":68},[58,31025,1450],{"class":939},[58,31027,22968],{"class":943},[58,31029,940],{"class":939},[58,31031,1082],{"class":68},[58,31033,1450],{"class":939},[58,31035,22977],{"class":943},[58,31037,940],{"class":939},[58,31039,973],{"class":68},[58,31041,31042],{"class":81}," 2022",[58,31044,1082],{"class":68},[58,31046,1450],{"class":939},[58,31048,31049],{"class":943},"color",[58,31051,940],{"class":939},[58,31053,973],{"class":68},[58,31055,1450],{"class":939},[58,31057,11256],{"class":943},[58,31059,940],{"class":939},[58,31061,7447],{"class":68},[58,31063,31064],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31065,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31067,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31069,301],{"class":286},[58,31071,290],{"class":77},[58,31073,22999],{"class":286},[58,31075,499],{"class":68},[58,31077,3483],{"class":239},[58,31079,6779],{"class":68},[58,31081,31082],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,31083,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31085,31086,31088,31090,31092],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,31087,65],{"class":64},[58,31089,69],{"class":68},[58,31091,340],{"class":239},[58,31093,243],{"class":68},[58,31095,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,31097,65],{"class":64},[58,31099,69],{"class":68},[58,31101,6227],{"class":991},[58,31103,69],{"class":68},[58,31105,340],{"class":239},[58,31107,85],{"class":68},[16,31109,132],{},[49,31111,31113],{"className":51,"code":31112,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[20,31114,31115,31141],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31116,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31118,15187],{"class":239},[58,31120,1076],{"class":68},[58,31122,1396],{"class":939},[58,31124,22968],{"class":943},[58,31126,1396],{"class":939},[58,31128,1082],{"class":68},[58,31130,31042],{"class":81},[58,31132,1082],{"class":68},[58,31134,1391],{"class":939},[58,31136,11256],{"class":943},[58,31138,1396],{"class":939},[58,31140,2004],{"class":68},[58,31142,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31144,2016],{"class":68},[58,31146,1396],{"class":939},[58,31148,22968],{"class":943},[58,31150,1396],{"class":939},[58,31152,1082],{"class":68},[58,31154,31042],{"class":81},[58,31156,1082],{"class":68},[58,31158,1391],{"class":939},[58,31160,11256],{"class":943},[58,31162,1396],{"class":939},[58,31164,1743],{"class":68},[16,31166,9827],{},[28,31168,31169,31175,31181,31189],{},[31,31170,31171,31174],{},[20,31172,31173],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[31,31176,31177,31180],{},[20,31178,31179],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[31,31182,31183,31186,31187,22771],{},[20,31184,31185],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[20,31188,15187],{},[31,31190,31191,31194],{},[20,31192,31193],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[44,31196,31198],{"id":31197},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[16,31200,31201,31202,24219],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[20,31203,4084],{},[49,31205,31207],{"className":51,"code":31206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[20,31208,31209,31253,31257,31273],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31210,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31212,3186],{"class":286},[58,31214,290],{"class":77},[58,31216,8630],{"class":68},[58,31218,940],{"class":939},[58,31220,16568],{"class":943},[58,31222,940],{"class":939},[58,31224,973],{"class":68},[58,31226,18050],{"class":81},[58,31228,1082],{"class":68},[58,31230,1450],{"class":939},[58,31232,29310],{"class":943},[58,31234,940],{"class":939},[58,31236,973],{"class":68},[58,31238,11654],{"class":81},[58,31240,1082],{"class":68},[58,31242,1450],{"class":939},[58,31244,16577],{"class":943},[58,31246,940],{"class":939},[58,31248,973],{"class":68},[58,31250,27076],{"class":81},[58,31252,7447],{"class":68},[58,31254,31255],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31256,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31258,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31260,4084],{"class":1991},[58,31262,19737],{"class":286},[58,31264,1998],{"class":1991},[58,31266,3233],{"class":286},[58,31268,499],{"class":68},[58,31270,3483],{"class":239},[58,31272,19748],{"class":68},[58,31274,31275,31277,31279,31281],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,31276,6202],{"class":64},[58,31278,69],{"class":68},[58,31280,553],{"class":239},[58,31282,243],{"class":68},[16,31284,132],{},[49,31286,31288],{"className":51,"code":31287,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"90\n85\n88\n",[20,31289,31290,31295,31300],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31291,31292],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31293,31294],{"class":81},"90\n",[58,31296,31297],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31298,31299],{"class":81},"85\n",[58,31301,31302],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31303,31304],{"class":81},"88\n",[16,31306,15861],{},[28,31308,31309,31312,31315],{},[31,31310,31311],{},"You only need the values",[31,31313,31314],{},"You do not care about the keys",[31,31316,31317],{},"You want simpler code",[16,31319,31320,31321,966,31325,499],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[374,31322,8877,31323,8881],{"href":15225},[20,31324,15228],{},[374,31326,20628],{"href":31327},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[44,31329,31331],{"id":31330},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[16,31333,155,31334,31336],{},[20,31335,30899],{}," when you need a list.",[49,31338,31340],{"className":51,"code":31339,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[20,31341,31342,31388,31392,31412,31416,31427],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31343,31344,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31380,31382,31384,31386],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31345,31346],{"class":286},"fruit_prices ",[58,31348,290],{"class":77},[58,31350,8630],{"class":68},[58,31352,940],{"class":939},[58,31354,2196],{"class":943},[58,31356,940],{"class":939},[58,31358,973],{"class":68},[58,31360,1085],{"class":81},[58,31362,1082],{"class":68},[58,31364,1450],{"class":939},[58,31366,2205],{"class":943},[58,31368,940],{"class":939},[58,31370,973],{"class":68},[58,31372,3623],{"class":81},[58,31374,1082],{"class":68},[58,31376,1450],{"class":939},[58,31378,31379],{"class":943},"orange",[58,31381,940],{"class":939},[58,31383,973],{"class":68},[58,31385,531],{"class":81},[58,31387,7447],{"class":68},[58,31389,31390],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31391,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31393,31394,31397,31399,31401,31403,31406,31408,31410],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31395,31396],{"class":286},"price_list ",[58,31398,290],{"class":77},[58,31400,20713],{"class":991},[58,31402,69],{"class":68},[58,31404,31405],{"class":239},"fruit_prices",[58,31407,499],{"class":68},[58,31409,3483],{"class":239},[58,31411,5324],{"class":68},[58,31413,31414],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,31415,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31417,31418,31420,31422,31425],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,31419,65],{"class":64},[58,31421,69],{"class":68},[58,31423,31424],{"class":239},"price_list",[58,31426,243],{"class":68},[58,31428,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,31430,65],{"class":64},[58,31432,69],{"class":68},[58,31434,31424],{"class":239},[58,31436,2016],{"class":68},[58,31438,183],{"class":81},[58,31440,2004],{"class":68},[16,31442,132],{},[49,31444,31446],{"className":51,"code":31445,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[20,31447,31448,31464],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31449,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31451,2016],{"class":68},[58,31453,117],{"class":81},[58,31455,1082],{"class":68},[58,31457,3623],{"class":81},[58,31459,1082],{"class":68},[58,31461,531],{"class":81},[58,31463,1743],{"class":68},[58,31465,31466],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31467,15206],{"class":81},[16,31469,31470],{},"This is helpful for:",[28,31472,31473,31476,31479],{},[31,31474,31475],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[31,31477,31478],{},"Accessing values by index",[31,31480,31481],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[16,31483,2041,31484,31486],{},[20,31485,15187],{}," is not the same as a list.",[44,31488,31490,8725,31492,8725,31494],{"id":31489},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[20,31491,15221],{},[20,31493,15215],{},[20,31495,15228],{},[16,31497,31498],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[28,31500,31501,31506,31511],{},[31,31502,31503,31505],{},[20,31504,15221],{}," returns only the values",[31,31507,31508,31510],{},[20,31509,15215],{}," returns only the keys",[31,31512,31513,31515],{},[20,31514,15228],{}," returns key-value pairs",[16,31517,189],{},[49,31519,31521],{"className":51,"code":31520,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[20,31522,31523,31559,31563,31577,31591],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31524,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31526,11009],{"class":286},[58,31528,290],{"class":77},[58,31530,8630],{"class":68},[58,31532,940],{"class":939},[58,31534,5799],{"class":943},[58,31536,940],{"class":939},[58,31538,973],{"class":68},[58,31540,1450],{"class":939},[58,31542,11026],{"class":943},[58,31544,940],{"class":939},[58,31546,1082],{"class":68},[58,31548,1450],{"class":939},[58,31550,7437],{"class":943},[58,31552,940],{"class":939},[58,31554,973],{"class":68},[58,31556,5922],{"class":81},[58,31558,7447],{"class":68},[58,31560,31561],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31562,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31564,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31566,65],{"class":64},[58,31568,69],{"class":68},[58,31570,11773],{"class":239},[58,31572,499],{"class":68},[58,31574,15073],{"class":239},[58,31576,5324],{"class":68},[58,31578,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,31580,65],{"class":64},[58,31582,69],{"class":68},[58,31584,11773],{"class":239},[58,31586,499],{"class":68},[58,31588,3483],{"class":239},[58,31590,5324],{"class":68},[58,31592,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,31594,65],{"class":64},[58,31596,69],{"class":68},[58,31598,11773],{"class":239},[58,31600,499],{"class":68},[58,31602,5942],{"class":239},[58,31604,5324],{"class":68},[16,31606,132],{},[49,31608,31610],{"className":51,"code":31609,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[20,31611,31612,31634,31652],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31613,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31615,15164],{"class":239},[58,31617,1076],{"class":68},[58,31619,1396],{"class":939},[58,31621,5799],{"class":943},[58,31623,1396],{"class":939},[58,31625,1082],{"class":68},[58,31627,1391],{"class":939},[58,31629,7437],{"class":943},[58,31631,1396],{"class":939},[58,31633,2004],{"class":68},[58,31635,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31637,15187],{"class":239},[58,31639,1076],{"class":68},[58,31641,1396],{"class":939},[58,31643,11026],{"class":943},[58,31645,1396],{"class":939},[58,31647,1082],{"class":68},[58,31649,5922],{"class":81},[58,31651,2004],{"class":68},[58,31653,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31655,20061],{"class":239},[58,31657,7796],{"class":68},[58,31659,1396],{"class":939},[58,31661,5799],{"class":943},[58,31663,1396],{"class":939},[58,31665,1082],{"class":68},[58,31667,5922],{"class":81},[58,31669,8819],{"class":68},[16,31671,16846],{},[28,31673,31674,31681,31688],{},[31,31675,31676,31680],{},[374,31677,31678],{"href":15212},[20,31679,15215],{}," when you need just the keys",[31,31682,31683,31687],{},[374,31684,31685],{"href":15218},[20,31686,15221],{}," when you need just the values",[31,31689,31690,31694],{},[374,31691,31692],{"href":15225},[20,31693,15228],{}," when you need both",[44,31696,2638],{"id":2637},[16,31698,31699,31700,499],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[20,31701,15221],{},[617,31703,27806,31705,31707],{"id":31704},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[20,31706,15221],{}," on the wrong type",[16,31709,31710,31712],{},[20,31711,15221],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[16,31714,14793],{},[49,31716,31718],{"className":51,"code":31717,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[20,31719,31720,31740],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31721,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31723,6442],{"class":286},[58,31725,290],{"class":77},[58,31727,1730],{"class":68},[58,31729,1079],{"class":81},[58,31731,1082],{"class":68},[58,31733,1085],{"class":81},[58,31735,1082],{"class":68},[58,31737,531],{"class":81},[58,31739,1743],{"class":68},[58,31741,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31743,65],{"class":64},[58,31745,69],{"class":68},[58,31747,6473],{"class":239},[58,31749,499],{"class":68},[58,31751,3483],{"class":239},[58,31753,5324],{"class":68},[16,31755,31756,31757,31759],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[20,31758,15221],{}," method.",[16,31761,31762],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[49,31764,31766],{"className":51,"code":31765,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(my_list))\n",[20,31767,31768],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31769,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31771,65],{"class":64},[58,31773,69],{"class":68},[58,31775,1316],{"class":991},[58,31777,69],{"class":68},[58,31779,6473],{"class":239},[58,31781,85],{"class":68},[16,31783,31784,31785,31787,31788,499],{},"If you get an ",[20,31786,23826],{},", see ",[374,31789,23834,31790,31792],{"href":23833},[20,31791,23837],{}," errors",[617,31794,2699,31796,31798],{"id":31795},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[20,31797,15221],{}," returns a list",[16,31800,31801],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[49,31803,31805],{"className":51,"code":31804,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[20,31806,31807,31843,31857,31861],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31808,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31810,11009],{"class":286},[58,31812,290],{"class":77},[58,31814,8630],{"class":68},[58,31816,940],{"class":939},[58,31818,5799],{"class":943},[58,31820,940],{"class":939},[58,31822,973],{"class":68},[58,31824,1450],{"class":939},[58,31826,11026],{"class":943},[58,31828,940],{"class":939},[58,31830,1082],{"class":68},[58,31832,1450],{"class":939},[58,31834,7437],{"class":943},[58,31836,940],{"class":939},[58,31838,973],{"class":68},[58,31840,5922],{"class":81},[58,31842,7447],{"class":68},[58,31844,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31846,1936],{"class":286},[58,31848,290],{"class":77},[58,31850,11052],{"class":286},[58,31852,499],{"class":68},[58,31854,3483],{"class":239},[58,31856,6779],{"class":68},[58,31858,31859],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31860,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31862,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,31864,65],{"class":64},[58,31866,69],{"class":68},[58,31868,1316],{"class":991},[58,31870,69],{"class":68},[58,31872,3483],{"class":239},[58,31874,85],{"class":68},[16,31876,132],{},[49,31878,31880],{"className":51,"code":31879,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[20,31881,31882],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31883,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31885,1385],{"class":77},[58,31887,1388],{"class":126},[58,31889,1391],{"class":939},[58,31891,15187],{"class":943},[58,31893,1396],{"class":939},[58,31895,1399],{"class":77},[16,31897,3271,31898,31900],{},[20,31899,15187],{},", not a list.",[16,31902,31903],{},"If you need a list:",[49,31905,31907],{"className":51,"code":31906,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = list(student.values())\n",[20,31908,31909],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31910,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31912,1936],{"class":286},[58,31914,290],{"class":77},[58,31916,20713],{"class":991},[58,31918,69],{"class":68},[58,31920,11773],{"class":239},[58,31922,499],{"class":68},[58,31924,3483],{"class":239},[58,31926,5324],{"class":68},[617,31928,31930,31931],{"id":31929},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[20,31932,15187],{},[16,31934,31935],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[49,31937,31939],{"className":51,"code":31938,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,31940,31941,31977,31991,31995],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,31942,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,31944,11009],{"class":286},[58,31946,290],{"class":77},[58,31948,8630],{"class":68},[58,31950,940],{"class":939},[58,31952,5799],{"class":943},[58,31954,940],{"class":939},[58,31956,973],{"class":68},[58,31958,1450],{"class":939},[58,31960,11026],{"class":943},[58,31962,940],{"class":939},[58,31964,1082],{"class":68},[58,31966,1450],{"class":939},[58,31968,7437],{"class":943},[58,31970,940],{"class":939},[58,31972,973],{"class":68},[58,31974,5922],{"class":81},[58,31976,7447],{"class":68},[58,31978,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,31980,1936],{"class":286},[58,31982,290],{"class":77},[58,31984,11052],{"class":286},[58,31986,499],{"class":68},[58,31988,3483],{"class":239},[58,31990,6779],{"class":68},[58,31992,31993],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,31994,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,31996,31997],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,31998,31999],{"class":1773},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[16,32001,32002],{},"Convert to a list first:",[49,32004,32006],{"className":51,"code":32005,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[20,32007,32008,32044,32062,32066],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32009,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32011,11009],{"class":286},[58,32013,290],{"class":77},[58,32015,8630],{"class":68},[58,32017,940],{"class":939},[58,32019,5799],{"class":943},[58,32021,940],{"class":939},[58,32023,973],{"class":68},[58,32025,1450],{"class":939},[58,32027,11026],{"class":943},[58,32029,940],{"class":939},[58,32031,1082],{"class":68},[58,32033,1450],{"class":939},[58,32035,7437],{"class":943},[58,32037,940],{"class":939},[58,32039,973],{"class":68},[58,32041,5922],{"class":81},[58,32043,7447],{"class":68},[58,32045,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32047,1936],{"class":286},[58,32049,290],{"class":77},[58,32051,20713],{"class":991},[58,32053,69],{"class":68},[58,32055,11773],{"class":239},[58,32057,499],{"class":68},[58,32059,3483],{"class":239},[58,32061,5324],{"class":68},[58,32063,32064],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,32065,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,32067,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,32069,65],{"class":64},[58,32071,69],{"class":68},[58,32073,3483],{"class":239},[58,32075,2016],{"class":68},[58,32077,183],{"class":81},[58,32079,2004],{"class":68},[617,32081,6552,32083,9233,32085],{"id":32082},"using-values-instead-of-values",[20,32084,3483],{},[20,32086,15221],{},[16,32088,32089],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[49,32091,32093],{"className":51,"code":32092,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[20,32094,32095,32131,32135],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32096,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32098,11009],{"class":286},[58,32100,290],{"class":77},[58,32102,8630],{"class":68},[58,32104,940],{"class":939},[58,32106,5799],{"class":943},[58,32108,940],{"class":939},[58,32110,973],{"class":68},[58,32112,1450],{"class":939},[58,32114,11026],{"class":943},[58,32116,940],{"class":939},[58,32118,1082],{"class":68},[58,32120,1450],{"class":939},[58,32122,7437],{"class":943},[58,32124,940],{"class":939},[58,32126,973],{"class":68},[58,32128,5922],{"class":81},[58,32130,7447],{"class":68},[58,32132,32133],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32134,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,32136,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,32138,65],{"class":64},[58,32140,69],{"class":68},[58,32142,11773],{"class":239},[58,32144,499],{"class":68},[58,32146,3483],{"class":22904},[58,32148,243],{"class":68},[16,32150,32151,32154],{},[20,32152,32153],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[16,32156,16846],{},[49,32158,32160],{"className":51,"code":32159,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(student.values())\n",[20,32161,32162],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32163,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32165,65],{"class":64},[58,32167,69],{"class":68},[58,32169,11773],{"class":239},[58,32171,499],{"class":68},[58,32173,3483],{"class":239},[58,32175,5324],{"class":68},[617,32177,32179],{"id":32178},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[16,32181,32182],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[49,32184,32186],{"className":51,"code":32185,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[20,32187,32188,32220],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32189,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32191,7303],{"class":286},[58,32193,290],{"class":77},[58,32195,8630],{"class":68},[58,32197,940],{"class":939},[58,32199,374],{"class":943},[58,32201,940],{"class":939},[58,32203,973],{"class":68},[58,32205,3623],{"class":81},[58,32207,1082],{"class":68},[58,32209,1450],{"class":939},[58,32211,2882],{"class":943},[58,32213,940],{"class":939},[58,32215,973],{"class":68},[58,32217,1085],{"class":81},[58,32219,7447],{"class":68},[58,32221,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32223,65],{"class":64},[58,32225,69],{"class":68},[58,32227,7342],{"class":239},[58,32229,499],{"class":68},[58,32231,3483],{"class":239},[58,32233,5324],{"class":68},[16,32235,32236],{},"Not like this:",[49,32238,32240],{"className":51,"code":32239,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[20,32241,32242,32247,32252],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32243,32244],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32245,32246],{"class":1773},"# Wrong examples:\n",[58,32248,32249],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32250,32251],{"class":1773},"# data().values()\n",[58,32253,32254],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,32255,32256],{"class":1773},"# values(data)\n",[16,32258,1436],{},[49,32260,32262],{"className":51,"code":32261,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[20,32263,32264,32278,32288,32302],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32265,32266,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32267,65],{"class":64},[58,32269,69],{"class":68},[58,32271,1316],{"class":991},[58,32273,69],{"class":68},[58,32275,9592],{"class":239},[58,32277,85],{"class":68},[58,32279,32280,32282,32284,32286],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32281,65],{"class":64},[58,32283,69],{"class":68},[58,32285,9592],{"class":239},[58,32287,243],{"class":68},[58,32289,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,32291,65],{"class":64},[58,32293,69],{"class":68},[58,32295,9592],{"class":239},[58,32297,499],{"class":68},[58,32299,3483],{"class":239},[58,32301,5324],{"class":68},[58,32303,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316,32318],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,32305,65],{"class":64},[58,32307,69],{"class":68},[58,32309,6227],{"class":991},[58,32311,69],{"class":68},[58,32313,9592],{"class":239},[58,32315,499],{"class":68},[58,32317,3483],{"class":239},[58,32319,4417],{"class":68},[44,32321,1555],{"id":1554},[617,32323,3265,32325,3268],{"id":32324},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[20,32326,30478],{},[16,32328,15572,32329,32331],{},[20,32330,15187],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[617,32333,10849,32335,22085],{"id":32334},"does-values-return-a-list",[20,32336,15221],{},[16,32338,22088,32339,22092],{},[20,32340,32341],{},"list(...)",[617,32343,24211,32345,573],{"id":32344},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[20,32346,30478],{},[16,32348,32349,32350,24219],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[20,32351,4084],{},[617,32353,10849,32355,32357],{"id":32354},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[20,32356,30478],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[16,32359,32360],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[617,32362,32364,32365,32367,32368,573],{"id":32363},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[20,32366,15221],{}," different from ",[20,32369,15228],{},[16,32371,32372,32374,32375,32377],{},[20,32373,15221],{}," returns only values. ",[20,32376,15228],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[44,32379,1603],{"id":1602},[28,32381,32382,32388,32394,32398,32404,32408],{},[31,32383,32384],{},[374,32385,8877,32386,8881],{"href":15212},[20,32387,15215],{},[31,32389,32390],{},[374,32391,8877,32392,8881],{"href":15225},[20,32393,15228],{},[31,32395,32396],{},[374,32397,9384],{"href":7529},[31,32399,32400],{},[374,32401,32403],{"href":32402},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[31,32405,32406],{},[374,32407,22170],{"href":31327},[31,32409,32410],{},[374,32411,28504,32412],{"href":23833},[20,32413,32414],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1635,32416,32417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":32419},[32420,32421,32423,32424,32426,32427,32428,32429,32431,32442,32454],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":30648,"depth":88,"text":32422},"What values() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":30718,"depth":88,"text":32425},"What values() returns",{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":31197,"depth":88,"text":31198},{"id":31330,"depth":88,"text":31331},{"id":31489,"depth":88,"text":32430},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":32432},[32433,32435,32437,32439,32441],{"id":31704,"depth":104,"text":32434},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":31795,"depth":104,"text":32436},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":31929,"depth":104,"text":32438},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":32082,"depth":104,"text":32440},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":32178,"depth":104,"text":32179},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":32443},[32444,32446,32448,32450,32452],{"id":32324,"depth":104,"text":32445},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":32334,"depth":104,"text":32447},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":32344,"depth":104,"text":32449},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":32354,"depth":104,"text":32451},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":32363,"depth":104,"text":32453},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30465,"description":32455},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":32461,"title":32462,"body":32463,"description":33894,"extension":1667,"meta":33895,"navigation":318,"path":33896,"seo":33897,"stem":33898,"__hash__":33899},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":32464,"toc":33846},[32465,32471,32476,32479,32495,32504,32506,32538,32544,32547,32642,32645,32650,32655,32658,32669,32671,32685,32691,32693,32698,32704,32707,32746,32754,32759,32762,32807,32810,32822,32828,32834,32838,32871,32874,32892,32895,32899,32938,32940,32960,32963,32975,32980,32986,32989,33044,33047,33058,33061,33072,33075,33079,33085,33087,33117,33120,33135,33138,33141,33160,33163,33179,33188,33190,33221,33227,33232,33235,33242,33273,33276,33298,33301,33304,33318,33322,33353,33368,33375,33382,33386,33394,33398,33406,33409,33458,33469,33471,33474,33480,33485,33495,33499,33502,33505,33509,33512,33514,33535,33539,33545,33556,33562,33564,33570,33594,33597,33660,33663,33691,33694,33756,33758,33763,33766,33773,33781,33788,33791,33799,33805,33807,33834,33843],[12,32466,1681,32468,1685],{"id":32467},"python-dir-function-explained",[20,32469,32470],{},"dir()",[16,32472,30475,32473,32475],{},[20,32474,32470],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[16,32477,32478],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[28,32480,32481,32484,32487,32492],{},[31,32482,32483],{},"learning Python",[31,32485,32486],{},"exploring a new object",[31,32488,32489,32490],{},"debugging an ",[20,32491,23826],{},[31,32493,32494],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[16,32496,32497,32498,32500,32501],{},"In short, ",[20,32499,32470],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[1855,32502,32503],{},"“What can I use here?”",[44,32505,47],{"id":46},[49,32507,32509],{"className":51,"code":32508,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[20,32510,32511,32523],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32512,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32514,6009],{"class":286},[58,32516,290],{"class":77},[58,32518,1450],{"class":939},[58,32520,1959],{"class":943},[58,32522,1456],{"class":939},[58,32524,32525,32527,32529,32532,32534,32536],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32526,65],{"class":64},[58,32528,69],{"class":68},[58,32530,32531],{"class":64},"dir",[58,32533,69],{"class":68},[58,32535,5799],{"class":239},[58,32537,85],{"class":68},[16,32539,155,32540,32543],{},[20,32541,32542],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[16,32545,32546],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[49,32548,32550],{"className":51,"code":32549,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[20,32551,32552],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32553,32554,32556,32558,32561,32563,32565,32567,32570,32572,32574,32576,32579,32581,32583,32585,32588,32590,32592,32594,32597,32599,32601,32603,32606,32608,32610,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32629,32631,32633,32635,32638,32640],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32555,2016],{"class":68},[58,32557,1396],{"class":939},[58,32559,32560],{"class":943},"__add__",[58,32562,1396],{"class":939},[58,32564,1082],{"class":68},[58,32566,1391],{"class":939},[58,32568,32569],{"class":943},"__class__",[58,32571,1396],{"class":939},[58,32573,1082],{"class":68},[58,32575,1391],{"class":939},[58,32577,32578],{"class":943},"__contains__",[58,32580,1396],{"class":939},[58,32582,1082],{"class":68},[58,32584,1391],{"class":939},[58,32586,32587],{"class":943},"__delattr__",[58,32589,1396],{"class":939},[58,32591,1082],{"class":68},[58,32593,1391],{"class":939},[58,32595,32596],{"class":943},"__dir__",[58,32598,1396],{"class":939},[58,32600,1082],{"class":68},[58,32602,1391],{"class":939},[58,32604,32605],{"class":943},"__doc__",[58,32607,1396],{"class":939},[58,32609,1082],{"class":68},[58,32611,32613],{"class":32612},"s_hVV"," ...",[58,32615,1082],{"class":68},[58,32617,1391],{"class":939},[58,32619,6776],{"class":943},[58,32621,1396],{"class":939},[58,32623,1082],{"class":68},[58,32625,1391],{"class":939},[58,32627,32628],{"class":943},"split",[58,32630,1396],{"class":939},[58,32632,1082],{"class":68},[58,32634,1391],{"class":939},[58,32636,32637],{"class":943},"upper",[58,32639,1396],{"class":939},[58,32641,1743],{"class":68},[16,32643,32644],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[44,32646,1788,32648,1791],{"id":32647},"what-dir-does",[20,32649,32470],{},[16,32651,32652,32654],{},[20,32653,32470],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[16,32656,32657],{},"It usually includes:",[28,32659,32660,32663,32666],{},[31,32661,32662],{},"attributes",[31,32664,32665],{},"methods",[31,32667,32668],{},"special Python names",[16,32670,9601],{},[28,32672,32673,32679,32682],{},[31,32674,32675,32676],{},"The result is a ",[1855,32677,32678],{},"list of strings",[31,32680,32681],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[31,32683,32684],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[16,32686,32687,32688,32690],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[20,32689,32470],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[44,32692,222],{"id":221},[16,32694,32695,32697],{},[20,32696,32470],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[617,32699,32701,32703],{"id":32700},"dir-with-no-argument",[20,32702,32470],{}," with no argument",[16,32705,32706],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[49,32708,32710],{"className":51,"code":32709,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[20,32711,32712,32720,32732,32736],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32713,32714,32716,32718],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32715,1118],{"class":286},[58,32717,290],{"class":77},[58,32719,670],{"class":81},[58,32721,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32723,6009],{"class":286},[58,32725,290],{"class":77},[58,32727,1450],{"class":939},[58,32729,5808],{"class":943},[58,32731,1456],{"class":939},[58,32733,32734],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,32735,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,32737,32738,32740,32742,32744],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,32739,65],{"class":64},[58,32741,69],{"class":68},[58,32743,32531],{"class":64},[58,32745,5324],{"class":68},[16,32747,32748,32749,2512,32751,32753],{},"This will show names such as ",[20,32750,240],{},[20,32752,5799],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[617,32755,32757],{"id":32756},"dirobject",[20,32758,32542],{},[16,32760,32761],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[49,32763,32765],{"className":51,"code":32764,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[20,32766,32767,32785],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32768,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32770,65],{"class":64},[58,32772,69],{"class":68},[58,32774,32531],{"class":64},[58,32776,69],{"class":68},[58,32778,940],{"class":939},[58,32780,1959],{"class":943},[58,32782,940],{"class":939},[58,32784,85],{"class":68},[58,32786,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32788,65],{"class":64},[58,32790,69],{"class":68},[58,32792,32531],{"class":64},[58,32794,1076],{"class":68},[58,32796,1079],{"class":81},[58,32798,1082],{"class":68},[58,32800,1085],{"class":81},[58,32802,1082],{"class":68},[58,32804,531],{"class":81},[58,32806,1092],{"class":68},[16,32808,32809],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[28,32811,32812,32814,32816,32819],{},[31,32813,3433],{},[31,32815,3424],{},[31,32817,32818],{},"modules",[31,32820,32821],{},"custom objects",[44,32823,6552,32825,32827],{"id":32824},"using-dir-with-a-value",[20,32826,32470],{}," with a value",[16,32829,32830,32831,32833],{},"A common use of ",[20,32832,32470],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[617,32835,32837],{"id":32836},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[49,32839,32841],{"className":51,"code":32840,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[20,32842,32843,32856],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32844,32845,32848,32850,32852,32854],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32846,32847],{"class":286},"text ",[58,32849,290],{"class":77},[58,32851,1450],{"class":939},[58,32853,1959],{"class":943},[58,32855,1456],{"class":939},[58,32857,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32869],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32859,65],{"class":64},[58,32861,69],{"class":68},[58,32863,32531],{"class":64},[58,32865,69],{"class":68},[58,32867,32868],{"class":239},"text",[58,32870,85],{"class":68},[16,32872,32873],{},"You will see method names like:",[28,32875,32876,32880,32884,32888],{},[31,32877,32878],{},[20,32879,6776],{},[31,32881,32882],{},[20,32883,32637],{},[31,32885,32886],{},[20,32887,32628],{},[31,32889,32890],{},[20,32891,6770],{},[16,32893,32894],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[617,32896,32898],{"id":32897},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[49,32900,32902],{"className":51,"code":32901,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[20,32903,32904,32924],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32905,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32907,1725],{"class":286},[58,32909,290],{"class":77},[58,32911,1730],{"class":68},[58,32913,1079],{"class":81},[58,32915,1082],{"class":68},[58,32917,1085],{"class":81},[58,32919,1082],{"class":68},[58,32921,531],{"class":81},[58,32923,1743],{"class":68},[58,32925,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,32927,65],{"class":64},[58,32929,69],{"class":68},[58,32931,32531],{"class":64},[58,32933,69],{"class":68},[58,32935,1757],{"class":239},[58,32937,85],{"class":68},[16,32939,32873],{},[28,32941,32942,32946,32950,32955],{},[31,32943,32944],{},[20,32945,11700],{},[31,32947,32948],{},[20,32949,24396],{},[31,32951,32952],{},[20,32953,32954],{},"remove",[31,32956,32957],{},[20,32958,32959],{},"sort",[16,32961,32962],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[16,32964,32965,32966,32971,32972,32974],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[374,32967,32969],{"href":32968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[20,32970,379],{}," can help first. Then ",[20,32973,32470],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[44,32976,6552,32978,32703],{"id":32977},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[20,32979,32470],{},[16,32981,32982,32983,32985],{},"When used with no argument, ",[20,32984,32470],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[16,32987,32988],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[49,32990,32992],{"className":51,"code":32991,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[20,32993,32994,33003,33007,33018,33030,33034],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,32995,32996,32998,33000],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,32997,1118],{"class":286},[58,32999,290],{"class":77},[58,33001,33002],{"class":81}," 5\n",[58,33004,33005],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33006,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33008,33009,33012,33016],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33010,33011],{"class":126},"def",[58,33013,33015],{"class":33014},"sGLFI"," greet",[58,33017,19748],{"class":68},[58,33019,33020,33023,33025,33028],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,33021,33022],{"class":1991},"    return",[58,33024,1450],{"class":939},[58,33026,33027],{"class":943},"Hello",[58,33029,1456],{"class":939},[58,33031,33032],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,33033,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33035,33036,33038,33040,33042],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,33037,65],{"class":64},[58,33039,69],{"class":68},[58,33041,32531],{"class":64},[58,33043,5324],{"class":68},[16,33045,33046],{},"The output will include names like:",[28,33048,33049,33053],{},[31,33050,33051],{},[20,33052,240],{},[31,33054,33055],{},[20,33056,33057],{},"greet",[16,33059,33060],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[28,33062,33063,33066,33069],{},[31,33064,33065],{},"what variables exist",[31,33067,33068],{},"what functions you have defined",[31,33070,33071],{},"what names are currently available",[16,33073,33074],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[44,33076,33078],{"id":33077},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[16,33080,33081,33082,33084],{},"When you first use ",[20,33083,32470],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[16,33086,276],{},[49,33088,33089],{"className":51,"code":32840,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,33090,33091,33103],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33092,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33094,32847],{"class":286},[58,33096,290],{"class":77},[58,33098,1450],{"class":939},[58,33100,1959],{"class":943},[58,33102,1456],{"class":939},[58,33104,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33106,65],{"class":64},[58,33108,69],{"class":68},[58,33110,32531],{"class":64},[58,33112,69],{"class":68},[58,33114,32868],{"class":239},[58,33116,85],{"class":68},[16,33118,33119],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[28,33121,33122,33126,33130],{},[31,33123,33124],{},[20,33125,32569],{},[31,33127,33128],{},[20,33129,32605],{},[31,33131,33132],{},[20,33133,33134],{},"__len__",[16,33136,33137],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[16,33139,33140],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[28,33142,33143,33147,33151,33155],{},[31,33144,33145],{},[20,33146,32637],{},[31,33148,33149],{},[20,33150,6776],{},[31,33152,33153],{},[20,33154,32628],{},[31,33156,33157],{},[20,33158,33159],{},"replace",[16,33161,33162],{},"A key point to remember:",[28,33164,33165,33173],{},[31,33166,33167,33169,33170],{},[20,33168,32470],{}," lists ",[1855,33171,33172],{},"names only",[31,33174,33175,33176,33178],{},"it does ",[1855,33177,2751],{}," explain what each name does",[16,33180,33181,33182,499],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[374,33183,33185],{"href":33184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[20,33186,33187],{},"help()",[16,33189,3597],{},[49,33191,33193],{"className":51,"code":33192,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[20,33194,33195,33207],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33196,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33198,6009],{"class":286},[58,33200,290],{"class":77},[58,33202,1450],{"class":939},[58,33204,1959],{"class":943},[58,33206,1456],{"class":939},[58,33208,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33210,30310],{"class":64},[58,33212,69],{"class":68},[58,33214,5799],{"class":239},[58,33216,499],{"class":68},[58,33218,32637],{"class":22904},[58,33220,243],{"class":68},[44,33222,33224,33226],{"id":33223},"dir-on-modules",[20,33225,32470],{}," on modules",[16,33228,13863,33229,33231],{},[20,33230,32470],{}," on modules after importing them.",[16,33233,33234],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[617,33236,33238,33239,33241],{"id":33237},"example-math-module","Example: ",[20,33240,16568],{}," module",[49,33243,33245],{"className":51,"code":33244,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[20,33246,33247,33255,33259],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33248,33249,33252],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33250,33251],{"class":1991},"import",[58,33253,33254],{"class":286}," math\n",[58,33256,33257],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33258,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33260,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33262,65],{"class":64},[58,33264,69],{"class":68},[58,33266,32531],{"class":64},[58,33268,69],{"class":68},[58,33270,16568],{"class":239},[58,33272,85],{"class":68},[16,33274,33275],{},"You may see names like:",[28,33277,33278,33283,33288,33293],{},[31,33279,33280],{},[20,33281,33282],{},"sqrt",[31,33284,33285],{},[20,33286,33287],{},"ceil",[31,33289,33290],{},[20,33291,33292],{},"floor",[31,33294,33295],{},[20,33296,33297],{},"pi",[16,33299,33300],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[16,33302,33303],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[28,33305,33306,33312],{},[31,33307,33308],{},[374,33309,33311],{"href":33310},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[31,33313,33314],{},[374,33315,33317],{"href":33316},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[617,33319,33321],{"id":33320},"another-example","Another example",[49,33323,33325],{"className":51,"code":33324,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[20,33326,33327,33334,33338],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33328,33329,33331],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33330,33251],{"class":1991},[58,33332,33333],{"class":286}," json\n",[58,33335,33336],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33337,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33339,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33351],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33341,65],{"class":64},[58,33343,69],{"class":68},[58,33345,32531],{"class":64},[58,33347,69],{"class":68},[58,33349,33350],{"class":239},"json",[58,33352,85],{"class":68},[16,33354,33355,33356,257,33359,257,33362,15222,33365,499],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[20,33357,33358],{},"dump",[20,33360,33361],{},"dumps",[20,33363,33364],{},"load",[20,33366,33367],{},"loads",[44,33369,33371,8725,33373],{"id":33370},"dir-vs-help",[20,33372,32470],{},[20,33374,33187],{},[16,33376,33377,2512,33379,33381],{},[20,33378,32470],{},[20,33380,33187],{}," are often used together.",[617,33383,33384],{"id":32531},[20,33385,32470],{},[28,33387,33388,33391],{},[31,33389,33390],{},"shows available names",[31,33392,33393],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[617,33395,33396],{"id":30310},[20,33397,33187],{},[28,33399,33400,33403],{},[31,33401,33402],{},"explains what an object or function does",[31,33404,33405],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[16,33407,33408],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[49,33410,33412],{"className":51,"code":33411,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[20,33413,33414,33426,33430,33444],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33415,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33417,6009],{"class":286},[58,33419,290],{"class":77},[58,33421,1450],{"class":939},[58,33423,1959],{"class":943},[58,33425,1456],{"class":939},[58,33427,33428],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33429,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33431,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33433,65],{"class":64},[58,33435,69],{"class":68},[58,33437,32531],{"class":64},[58,33439,69],{"class":68},[58,33441,5799],{"class":239},[58,33443,85],{"class":68},[58,33445,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,33447,30310],{"class":64},[58,33449,69],{"class":68},[58,33451,5799],{"class":239},[58,33453,499],{"class":68},[58,33455,32637],{"class":22904},[58,33457,243],{"class":68},[16,33459,155,33460,33462,33463,33465,33466,33468],{},[20,33461,32470],{}," first to find a method name.",[7985,33464],{},"\nThen use ",[20,33467,33187],{}," to understand how to use it.",[44,33470,23512],{"id":23511},[16,33472,33473],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[617,33475,33477,33479],{"id":33476},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[20,33478,32470],{}," returns names, not values",[16,33481,33482,33484],{},[20,33483,32470],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[16,33486,33487,33488,33490,33491,33494],{},"For example, seeing ",[20,33489,32637],{}," in ",[20,33492,33493],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[617,33496,33498],{"id":33497},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[16,33500,33501],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[16,33503,33504],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[617,33506,33508],{"id":33507},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[16,33510,33511],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[16,33513,3597],{},[28,33515,33516,33521,33527],{},[31,33517,33518,33520],{},[20,33519,33493],{}," shows string-related names",[31,33522,33523,33526],{},[20,33524,33525],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[31,33528,33529,33532,33533,33241],{},[20,33530,33531],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[20,33534,16568],{},[617,33536,33538],{"id":33537},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[16,33540,33541,33542,33544],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[20,33543,32470],{}," does not mean you already know:",[28,33546,33547,33550,33553],{},[31,33548,33549],{},"what it does",[31,33551,33552],{},"what arguments it needs",[31,33554,33555],{},"what it returns",[16,33557,33558,33559,33561],{},"That is why ",[20,33560,33187],{}," is the natural next step.",[44,33563,914],{"id":913},[16,33565,33566,33567,33569],{},"Beginners often use ",[20,33568,32470],{}," in these situations:",[28,33571,33572,33575,33584,33587],{},[31,33573,33574],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[31,33576,33577,33578,33583],{},"Seeing an ",[374,33579,33581],{"href":33580},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[20,33582,23826],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[31,33585,33586],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[31,33588,6552,33589,33591,33592],{},[20,33590,32470],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[20,33593,33187],{},[16,33595,33596],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[49,33598,33600],{"className":51,"code":33599,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[20,33601,33602,33614,33618,33632,33646],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33603,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33605,6009],{"class":286},[58,33607,290],{"class":77},[58,33609,1450],{"class":939},[58,33611,1959],{"class":943},[58,33613,1456],{"class":939},[58,33615,33616],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33617,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33619,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33621,65],{"class":64},[58,33623,69],{"class":68},[58,33625,1316],{"class":991},[58,33627,69],{"class":68},[58,33629,5799],{"class":239},[58,33631,85],{"class":68},[58,33633,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,33635,65],{"class":64},[58,33637,69],{"class":68},[58,33639,32531],{"class":64},[58,33641,69],{"class":68},[58,33643,5799],{"class":239},[58,33645,85],{"class":68},[58,33647,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,33649,30310],{"class":64},[58,33651,69],{"class":68},[58,33653,5799],{"class":239},[58,33655,499],{"class":68},[58,33657,32637],{"class":22904},[58,33659,243],{"class":68},[16,33661,33662],{},"And for modules:",[49,33664,33665],{"className":51,"code":33244,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,33666,33667,33673,33677],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33668,33669,33671],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33670,33251],{"class":1991},[58,33672,33254],{"class":286},[58,33674,33675],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33676,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33678,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33680,65],{"class":64},[58,33682,69],{"class":68},[58,33684,32531],{"class":64},[58,33686,69],{"class":68},[58,33688,16568],{"class":239},[58,33690,85],{"class":68},[16,33692,33693],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[49,33695,33697],{"className":51,"code":33696,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[20,33698,33699,33704,33716,33726,33740,33746],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33700,33701],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33702,33703],{"class":286},"python\n",[58,33705,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33707,6009],{"class":286},[58,33709,290],{"class":77},[58,33711,1450],{"class":939},[58,33713,1959],{"class":943},[58,33715,1456],{"class":939},[58,33717,33718,33720,33722,33724],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33719,32531],{"class":64},[58,33721,69],{"class":68},[58,33723,5799],{"class":239},[58,33725,243],{"class":68},[58,33727,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,33729,30310],{"class":64},[58,33731,69],{"class":68},[58,33733,5799],{"class":239},[58,33735,499],{"class":68},[58,33737,32637],{"class":22904},[58,33739,243],{"class":68},[58,33741,33742,33744],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,33743,33251],{"class":1991},[58,33745,33254],{"class":286},[58,33747,33748,33750,33752,33754],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,33749,32531],{"class":64},[58,33751,69],{"class":68},[58,33753,16568],{"class":239},[58,33755,243],{"class":68},[44,33757,1555],{"id":1554},[617,33759,3265,33761,3268],{"id":33760},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[20,33762,32470],{},[16,33764,33765],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[617,33767,3303,33769,2512,33771,573],{"id":33768},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[20,33770,32470],{},[20,33772,33187],{},[16,33774,33775,33777,33778,33780],{},[20,33776,32470],{}," lists available names. ",[20,33779,33187],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[617,33782,33784,33785,33787],{"id":33783},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[20,33786,32470],{}," output?",[16,33789,33790],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[617,33792,3293,33794,33796,33797,573],{"id":33793},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[20,33795,32470],{}," help fix ",[20,33798,23826],{},[16,33800,33801,33802,499],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[374,33803,33804],{"href":33580},"object has no attribute",[44,33806,1603],{"id":1602},[28,33808,33809,33815,33820,33824,33828],{},[31,33810,33811],{},[374,33812,1681,33813,1612],{"href":33184},[20,33814,33187],{},[31,33816,33817],{},[374,33818,33819],{"href":33580},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[31,33821,33822],{},[374,33823,33311],{"href":33310},[31,33825,33826],{},[374,33827,33317],{"href":33316},[31,33829,33830],{},[374,33831,1681,33832,1612],{"href":32968},[20,33833,379],{},[16,33835,33836,33837,33839,33840,33842],{},"A good habit is to use ",[20,33838,32470],{}," together with ",[20,33841,33187],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1635,33844,33845],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":33847},[33848,33849,33851,33856,33861,33863,33864,33870,33875,33882,33883,33893],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":32647,"depth":88,"text":33850},"What dir() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":33852},[33853,33855],{"id":32700,"depth":104,"text":33854},"dir() with no argument",{"id":32756,"depth":104,"text":32542},{"id":32824,"depth":88,"text":33857,"children":33858},"Using dir() with a value",[33859,33860],{"id":32836,"depth":104,"text":32837},{"id":32897,"depth":104,"text":32898},{"id":32977,"depth":88,"text":33862},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":33077,"depth":88,"text":33078},{"id":33223,"depth":88,"text":33865,"children":33866},"dir() on modules",[33867,33869],{"id":33237,"depth":104,"text":33868},"Example: math module",{"id":33320,"depth":104,"text":33321},{"id":33370,"depth":88,"text":33871,"children":33872},"dir() vs help()",[33873,33874],{"id":32531,"depth":104,"text":32470},{"id":30310,"depth":104,"text":33187},{"id":23511,"depth":88,"text":23512,"children":33876},[33877,33879,33880,33881],{"id":33476,"depth":104,"text":33878},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":33497,"depth":104,"text":33498},{"id":33507,"depth":104,"text":33508},{"id":33537,"depth":104,"text":33538},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":33884},[33885,33887,33889,33891],{"id":33760,"depth":104,"text":33886},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":33768,"depth":104,"text":33888},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":33783,"depth":104,"text":33890},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":33793,"depth":104,"text":33892},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":32462,"description":33894},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":33901,"title":33902,"body":33903,"description":35723,"extension":1667,"meta":35724,"navigation":318,"path":35725,"seo":35726,"stem":35727,"__hash__":35728},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":33904,"toc":35692},[33905,33911,33916,33919,33927,33933,33935,34015,34017,34043,34048,34053,34058,34061,34072,34075,34077,34156,34158,34184,34191,34193,34195,34220,34223,34236,34241,34243,34324,34326,34352,34361,34366,34374,34380,34387,34390,34392,34471,34474,34531,34533,34570,34576,34581,34586,34589,34603,34605,34708,34710,34753,34762,34772,34779,34785,34792,34875,34877,34900,34903,34906,34908,34912,34916,34919,34982,35005,35008,35012,35018,35020,35087,35090,35167,35172,35178,35181,35184,35230,35232,35256,35261,35265,35270,35276,35339,35342,35344,35347,35372,35375,35510,35512,35613,35615,35620,35623,35629,35639,35647,35652,35658,35664,35666,35689],[12,33906,1681,33908,1685],{"id":33907},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[20,33909,33910],{},"enumerate()",[16,33912,33913,33915],{},[20,33914,33910],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[16,33917,33918],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[28,33920,33921,33924],{},[31,33922,33923],{},"the item itself",[31,33925,33926],{},"its index in the loop",[16,33928,33929,33930,33932],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[20,33931,33910],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[44,33934,47],{"id":46},[49,33936,33938],{"className":51,"code":33937,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[20,33939,33940,33972,33976,33999],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,33941,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,33943,11222],{"class":286},[58,33945,290],{"class":77},[58,33947,1730],{"class":68},[58,33949,940],{"class":939},[58,33951,11239],{"class":943},[58,33953,940],{"class":939},[58,33955,1082],{"class":68},[58,33957,1450],{"class":939},[58,33959,15606],{"class":943},[58,33961,940],{"class":939},[58,33963,1082],{"class":68},[58,33965,1450],{"class":939},[58,33967,11256],{"class":943},[58,33969,940],{"class":939},[58,33971,1743],{"class":68},[58,33973,33974],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,33975,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,33977,33978,33980,33983,33985,33988,33990,33993,33995,33997],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,33979,4084],{"class":1991},[58,33981,33982],{"class":286}," index",[58,33984,1082],{"class":68},[58,33986,33987],{"class":286}," color ",[58,33989,1998],{"class":1991},[58,33991,33992],{"class":64}," enumerate",[58,33994,69],{"class":68},[58,33996,15653],{"class":239},[58,33998,6476],{"class":68},[58,34000,34001,34003,34005,34008,34010,34013],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34002,6202],{"class":64},[58,34004,69],{"class":68},[58,34006,34007],{"class":239},"index",[58,34009,1082],{"class":68},[58,34011,34012],{"class":239}," color",[58,34014,243],{"class":68},[16,34016,132],{},[49,34018,34020],{"className":51,"code":34019,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[20,34021,34022,34029,34036],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34023,34024,34026],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34025,183],{"class":81},[58,34027,34028],{"class":286}," red\n",[58,34030,34031,34033],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34032,1079],{"class":81},[58,34034,34035],{"class":286}," green\n",[58,34037,34038,34040],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34039,117],{"class":81},[58,34041,34042],{"class":286}," blue\n",[16,34044,155,34045,34047],{},[20,34046,33910],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[44,34049,1788,34051,1791],{"id":34050},"what-enumerate-does",[20,34052,33910],{},[16,34054,34055,34057],{},[20,34056,33910],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[16,34059,34060],{},"It is commonly used with:",[28,34062,34063,34065,34067,34069],{},[31,34064,3424],{},[31,34066,3427],{},[31,34068,3433],{},[31,34070,34071],{},"other iterable objects",[16,34073,34074],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[16,34076,276],{},[49,34078,34080],{"className":51,"code":34079,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[20,34081,34082,34116,34120,34141],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34083,34084,34086,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098,34100,34103,34105,34107,34109,34112,34114],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34085,3117],{"class":286},[58,34087,290],{"class":77},[58,34089,1730],{"class":68},[58,34091,940],{"class":939},[58,34093,11026],{"class":943},[58,34095,940],{"class":939},[58,34097,1082],{"class":68},[58,34099,1450],{"class":939},[58,34101,34102],{"class":943},"Ben",[58,34104,940],{"class":939},[58,34106,1082],{"class":68},[58,34108,1450],{"class":939},[58,34110,34111],{"class":943},"Cara",[58,34113,940],{"class":939},[58,34115,1743],{"class":68},[58,34117,34118],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34119,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,34121,34122,34124,34126,34128,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34123,4084],{"class":1991},[58,34125,33982],{"class":286},[58,34127,1082],{"class":68},[58,34129,34130],{"class":286}," name ",[58,34132,1998],{"class":1991},[58,34134,33992],{"class":64},[58,34136,69],{"class":68},[58,34138,3161],{"class":239},[58,34140,6476],{"class":68},[58,34142,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151,34154],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34144,6202],{"class":64},[58,34146,69],{"class":68},[58,34148,34007],{"class":239},[58,34150,1082],{"class":68},[58,34152,34153],{"class":239}," name",[58,34155,243],{"class":68},[16,34157,132],{},[49,34159,34161],{"className":51,"code":34160,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[20,34162,34163,34170,34177],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34164,34165,34167],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34166,183],{"class":81},[58,34168,34169],{"class":286}," Ana\n",[58,34171,34172,34174],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34173,1079],{"class":81},[58,34175,34176],{"class":286}," Ben\n",[58,34178,34179,34181],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34180,117],{"class":81},[58,34182,34183],{"class":286}," Cara\n",[16,34185,34186,34187,499],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[374,34188,34190],{"href":34189},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[44,34192,222],{"id":221},[16,34194,225],{},[49,34196,34198],{"className":51,"code":34197,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[20,34199,34200],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34201,34202,34205,34207,34209,34211,34214,34216,34218],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34203,34204],{"class":64},"enumerate",[58,34206,69],{"class":68},[58,34208,1832],{"class":239},[58,34210,1082],{"class":68},[58,34212,34213],{"class":7313}," start",[58,34215,290],{"class":77},[58,34217,183],{"class":81},[58,34219,243],{"class":68},[16,34221,34222],{},"It has two parts:",[28,34224,34225,34230],{},[31,34226,34227,34229],{},[20,34228,1832],{},": the object you want to loop through",[31,34231,34232,34235],{},[20,34233,34234],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[16,34237,34238,34239,499],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[20,34240,183],{},[16,34242,276],{},[49,34244,34246],{"className":51,"code":34245,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[20,34247,34248,34281,34285,34308],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34249,34250,34253,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34251,34252],{"class":286},"letters ",[58,34254,290],{"class":77},[58,34256,1730],{"class":68},[58,34258,940],{"class":939},[58,34260,374],{"class":943},[58,34262,940],{"class":939},[58,34264,1082],{"class":68},[58,34266,1450],{"class":939},[58,34268,2882],{"class":943},[58,34270,940],{"class":939},[58,34272,1082],{"class":68},[58,34274,1450],{"class":939},[58,34276,7878],{"class":943},[58,34278,940],{"class":939},[58,34280,1743],{"class":68},[58,34282,34283],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34284,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,34286,34287,34289,34292,34294,34297,34299,34301,34303,34306],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34288,4084],{"class":1991},[58,34290,34291],{"class":286}," i",[58,34293,1082],{"class":68},[58,34295,34296],{"class":286}," letter ",[58,34298,1998],{"class":1991},[58,34300,33992],{"class":64},[58,34302,69],{"class":68},[58,34304,34305],{"class":239},"letters",[58,34307,6476],{"class":68},[58,34309,34310,34312,34314,34317,34319,34322],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34311,6202],{"class":64},[58,34313,69],{"class":68},[58,34315,34316],{"class":239},"i",[58,34318,1082],{"class":68},[58,34320,34321],{"class":239}," letter",[58,34323,243],{"class":68},[16,34325,132],{},[49,34327,34329],{"className":51,"code":34328,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[20,34330,34331,34338,34345],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34332,34333,34335],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34334,183],{"class":81},[58,34336,34337],{"class":286}," a\n",[58,34339,34340,34342],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34341,1079],{"class":81},[58,34343,34344],{"class":286}," b\n",[58,34346,34347,34349],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34348,117],{"class":81},[58,34350,34351],{"class":286}," c\n",[16,34353,34354,34355,499],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[374,34356,1681,34358,1612],{"href":34357},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[20,34359,34360],{},"range()",[44,34362,1788,34364,9849],{"id":34363},"what-enumerate-returns",[20,34365,33910],{},[16,34367,34368,34370,34371,499],{},[20,34369,33910],{}," returns an ",[1855,34372,34373],{},"enumerate object",[16,34375,34376,34377,34379],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[20,34378,4084],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[28,34381,34382],{},[31,34383,34384],{},[20,34385,34386],{},"(index, item)",[16,34388,34389],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[16,34391,276],{},[49,34393,34395],{"className":51,"code":34394,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[20,34396,34397,34430,34434,34456],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34398,34399,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426,34428],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34400,34401],{"class":286},"fruits ",[58,34403,290],{"class":77},[58,34405,1730],{"class":68},[58,34407,940],{"class":939},[58,34409,2196],{"class":943},[58,34411,940],{"class":939},[58,34413,1082],{"class":68},[58,34415,1450],{"class":939},[58,34417,2205],{"class":943},[58,34419,940],{"class":939},[58,34421,1082],{"class":68},[58,34423,1450],{"class":939},[58,34425,31379],{"class":943},[58,34427,940],{"class":939},[58,34429,1743],{"class":68},[58,34431,34432],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34433,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,34435,34436,34438,34440,34442,34445,34447,34449,34451,34454],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34437,4084],{"class":1991},[58,34439,33982],{"class":286},[58,34441,1082],{"class":68},[58,34443,34444],{"class":286}," fruit ",[58,34446,1998],{"class":1991},[58,34448,33992],{"class":64},[58,34450,69],{"class":68},[58,34452,34453],{"class":239},"fruits",[58,34455,6476],{"class":68},[58,34457,34458,34460,34462,34464,34466,34469],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34459,6202],{"class":64},[58,34461,69],{"class":68},[58,34463,34007],{"class":239},[58,34465,1082],{"class":68},[58,34467,34468],{"class":239}," fruit",[58,34470,243],{"class":68},[16,34472,34473],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[49,34475,34477],{"className":51,"code":34476,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[20,34478,34479,34499,34503,34521],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34480,34481,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34482,1725],{"class":286},[58,34484,290],{"class":77},[58,34486,1730],{"class":68},[58,34488,408],{"class":81},[58,34490,1082],{"class":68},[58,34492,5922],{"class":81},[58,34494,1082],{"class":68},[58,34496,5927],{"class":81},[58,34498,1743],{"class":68},[58,34500,34501],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34502,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,34504,34505,34507,34509,34511,34513,34515,34517,34519],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34506,301],{"class":286},[58,34508,290],{"class":77},[58,34510,20713],{"class":991},[58,34512,69],{"class":68},[58,34514,34204],{"class":64},[58,34516,69],{"class":68},[58,34518,1757],{"class":239},[58,34520,85],{"class":68},[58,34522,34523,34525,34527,34529],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34524,65],{"class":64},[58,34526,69],{"class":68},[58,34528,340],{"class":239},[58,34530,243],{"class":68},[16,34532,132],{},[49,34534,34536],{"className":51,"code":34535,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[20,34537,34538],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34539,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34566,34568],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34541,19893],{"class":68},[58,34543,183],{"class":81},[58,34545,1082],{"class":68},[58,34547,4131],{"class":81},[58,34549,7371],{"class":68},[58,34551,7374],{"class":68},[58,34553,1079],{"class":81},[58,34555,1082],{"class":68},[58,34557,5922],{"class":81},[58,34559,7371],{"class":68},[58,34561,7374],{"class":68},[58,34563,117],{"class":81},[58,34565,1082],{"class":68},[58,34567,5927],{"class":81},[58,34569,7387],{"class":68},[16,34571,34572,34573,34575],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[20,34574,33910],{}," produces.",[44,34577,3083,34579],{"id":34578},"when-to-use-enumerate",[20,34580,33910],{},[16,34582,155,34583,34585],{},[20,34584,33910],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[16,34587,34588],{},"Common cases:",[28,34590,34591,34594,34597,34600],{},[31,34592,34593],{},"printing numbered output",[31,34595,34596],{},"building menus",[31,34598,34599],{},"showing positions in a list",[31,34601,34602],{},"looping over both index and value together",[16,34604,276],{},[49,34606,34608],{"className":51,"code":34607,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[20,34609,34610,34645,34649,34679],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34611,34612,34614,34616,34618,34620,34623,34625,34627,34629,34632,34634,34636,34638,34641,34643],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34613,28054],{"class":286},[58,34615,290],{"class":77},[58,34617,1730],{"class":68},[58,34619,940],{"class":939},[58,34621,34622],{"class":943},"Wash dishes",[58,34624,940],{"class":939},[58,34626,1082],{"class":68},[58,34628,1450],{"class":939},[58,34630,34631],{"class":943},"Study Python",[58,34633,940],{"class":939},[58,34635,1082],{"class":68},[58,34637,1450],{"class":939},[58,34639,34640],{"class":943},"Go for a walk",[58,34642,940],{"class":939},[58,34644,1743],{"class":68},[58,34646,34647],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34648,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,34650,34651,34653,34655,34657,34660,34662,34664,34666,34669,34671,34673,34675,34677],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34652,4084],{"class":1991},[58,34654,265],{"class":286},[58,34656,1082],{"class":68},[58,34658,34659],{"class":286}," task ",[58,34661,1998],{"class":1991},[58,34663,33992],{"class":64},[58,34665,69],{"class":68},[58,34667,34668],{"class":239},"tasks",[58,34670,1082],{"class":68},[58,34672,34213],{"class":7313},[58,34674,290],{"class":77},[58,34676,1079],{"class":81},[58,34678,6476],{"class":68},[58,34680,34681,34683,34685,34687,34689,34691,34693,34695,34697,34699,34702,34704,34706],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34682,6202],{"class":64},[58,34684,69],{"class":68},[58,34686,20447],{"class":126},[58,34688,940],{"class":943},[58,34690,7416],{"class":81},[58,34692,311],{"class":239},[58,34694,20456],{"class":81},[58,34696,26469],{"class":943},[58,34698,7416],{"class":81},[58,34700,34701],{"class":239},"task",[58,34703,20456],{"class":81},[58,34705,940],{"class":943},[58,34707,243],{"class":68},[16,34709,132],{},[49,34711,34713],{"className":51,"code":34712,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[20,34714,34715,34727,34739],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34716,34717,34719,34721,34724],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34718,1079],{"class":81},[58,34720,499],{"class":68},[58,34722,34723],{"class":22904}," Wash",[58,34725,34726],{"class":286}," dishes\n",[58,34728,34729,34731,34733,34736],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34730,117],{"class":81},[58,34732,499],{"class":68},[58,34734,34735],{"class":22904}," Study",[58,34737,34738],{"class":286}," Python\n",[58,34740,34741,34743,34745,34748,34750],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34742,123],{"class":81},[58,34744,499],{"class":68},[58,34746,34747],{"class":22904}," Go",[58,34749,1992],{"class":1991},[58,34751,34752],{"class":286}," a walk\n",[16,34754,34755,34756,34758,34759,499],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[20,34757,33910],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[20,34760,34761],{},"range(len(...))",[16,34763,34764,34765,499],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[374,34766,34768,34769,34771],{"href":34767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[20,34770,33910],{}," in Python",[44,34773,34775,34776,34778],{"id":34774},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[20,34777,34234],{}," argument",[16,34780,34781,34782,34784],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[20,34783,34234],{}," argument.",[16,34786,34787,34788,9233,34790,973],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[20,34789,1079],{},[20,34791,183],{},[49,34793,34795],{"className":51,"code":34794,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[20,34796,34797,34829,34833,34861],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34798,34799,34801,34803,34805,34807,34809,34811,34813,34815,34817,34819,34821,34823,34825,34827],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34800,11222],{"class":286},[58,34802,290],{"class":77},[58,34804,1730],{"class":68},[58,34806,940],{"class":939},[58,34808,11239],{"class":943},[58,34810,940],{"class":939},[58,34812,1082],{"class":68},[58,34814,1450],{"class":939},[58,34816,15606],{"class":943},[58,34818,940],{"class":939},[58,34820,1082],{"class":68},[58,34822,1450],{"class":939},[58,34824,11256],{"class":943},[58,34826,940],{"class":939},[58,34828,1743],{"class":68},[58,34830,34831],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34832,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,34834,34835,34837,34839,34841,34843,34845,34847,34849,34851,34853,34855,34857,34859],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34836,4084],{"class":1991},[58,34838,33982],{"class":286},[58,34840,1082],{"class":68},[58,34842,33987],{"class":286},[58,34844,1998],{"class":1991},[58,34846,33992],{"class":64},[58,34848,69],{"class":68},[58,34850,15653],{"class":239},[58,34852,1082],{"class":68},[58,34854,34213],{"class":7313},[58,34856,290],{"class":77},[58,34858,1079],{"class":81},[58,34860,6476],{"class":68},[58,34862,34863,34865,34867,34869,34871,34873],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34864,6202],{"class":64},[58,34866,69],{"class":68},[58,34868,34007],{"class":239},[58,34870,1082],{"class":68},[58,34872,34012],{"class":239},[58,34874,243],{"class":68},[16,34876,132],{},[49,34878,34880],{"className":51,"code":34879,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[20,34881,34882,34888,34894],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34883,34884,34886],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34885,1079],{"class":81},[58,34887,34028],{"class":286},[58,34889,34890,34892],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34891,117],{"class":81},[58,34893,34035],{"class":286},[58,34895,34896,34898],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34897,123],{"class":81},[58,34899,34042],{"class":286},[16,34901,34902],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[16,34904,34905],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[44,34907,23512],{"id":23511},[16,34909,23515,34910,499],{},[20,34911,33910],{},[617,34913,34915],{"id":34914},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[16,34917,34918],{},"In this loop:",[49,34920,34922],{"className":51,"code":34921,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[20,34923,34924,34944,34948,34968],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,34925,34926,34928,34930,34932,34934,34936,34938,34940,34942],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,34927,1725],{"class":286},[58,34929,290],{"class":77},[58,34931,1730],{"class":68},[58,34933,408],{"class":81},[58,34935,1082],{"class":68},[58,34937,5922],{"class":81},[58,34939,1082],{"class":68},[58,34941,5927],{"class":81},[58,34943,1743],{"class":68},[58,34945,34946],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,34947,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,34949,34950,34952,34954,34956,34958,34960,34962,34964,34966],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,34951,4084],{"class":1991},[58,34953,33982],{"class":286},[58,34955,1082],{"class":68},[58,34957,19737],{"class":286},[58,34959,1998],{"class":1991},[58,34961,33992],{"class":64},[58,34963,69],{"class":68},[58,34965,1757],{"class":239},[58,34967,6476],{"class":68},[58,34969,34970,34972,34974,34976,34978,34980],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,34971,6202],{"class":64},[58,34973,69],{"class":68},[58,34975,34007],{"class":239},[58,34977,1082],{"class":68},[58,34979,6568],{"class":239},[58,34981,243],{"class":68},[28,34983,34984,34994],{},[31,34985,34986,2905,34988,257,34990,257,34992],{},[20,34987,34007],{},[20,34989,183],{},[20,34991,1079],{},[20,34993,117],{},[31,34995,34996,2905,34998,257,35000,257,35002],{},[20,34997,553],{},[20,34999,408],{},[20,35001,13903],{},[20,35003,35004],{},"30",[16,35006,35007],{},"These are different things.",[617,35009,35011],{"id":35010},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[16,35013,35014,35015,35017],{},"Each item from ",[20,35016,33910],{}," is a pair.",[16,35019,4817],{},[49,35021,35023],{"className":51,"code":35022,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[20,35024,35025,35049,35053,35073],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35026,35027,35029,35031,35033,35035,35037,35039,35041,35043,35045,35047],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35028,5911],{"class":286},[58,35030,290],{"class":77},[58,35032,1730],{"class":68},[58,35034,940],{"class":939},[58,35036,240],{"class":943},[58,35038,940],{"class":939},[58,35040,1082],{"class":68},[58,35042,1450],{"class":939},[58,35044,9889],{"class":943},[58,35046,940],{"class":939},[58,35048,1743],{"class":68},[58,35050,35051],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35052,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,35054,35055,35057,35059,35061,35063,35065,35067,35069,35071],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35056,4084],{"class":1991},[58,35058,34291],{"class":286},[58,35060,1082],{"class":68},[58,35062,4087],{"class":286},[58,35064,1998],{"class":1991},[58,35066,33992],{"class":64},[58,35068,69],{"class":68},[58,35070,5942],{"class":239},[58,35072,6476],{"class":68},[58,35074,35075,35077,35079,35081,35083,35085],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,35076,6202],{"class":64},[58,35078,69],{"class":68},[58,35080,34316],{"class":239},[58,35082,1082],{"class":68},[58,35084,27663],{"class":239},[58,35086,243],{"class":68},[16,35088,35089],{},"But this causes an error:",[49,35091,35093],{"className":51,"code":35092,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[20,35094,35095,35119,35123,35148],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35096,35097,35099,35101,35103,35105,35107,35109,35111,35113,35115,35117],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35098,5911],{"class":286},[58,35100,290],{"class":77},[58,35102,1730],{"class":68},[58,35104,940],{"class":939},[58,35106,240],{"class":943},[58,35108,940],{"class":939},[58,35110,1082],{"class":68},[58,35112,1450],{"class":939},[58,35114,9889],{"class":943},[58,35116,940],{"class":939},[58,35118,1743],{"class":68},[58,35120,35121],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35122,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,35124,35125,35127,35129,35131,35133,35135,35138,35140,35142,35144,35146],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35126,4084],{"class":1991},[58,35128,34291],{"class":286},[58,35130,1082],{"class":68},[58,35132,27663],{"class":286},[58,35134,1082],{"class":68},[58,35136,35137],{"class":286}," extra ",[58,35139,1998],{"class":1991},[58,35141,33992],{"class":64},[58,35143,69],{"class":68},[58,35145,5942],{"class":239},[58,35147,6476],{"class":68},[58,35149,35150,35152,35154,35156,35158,35160,35162,35165],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,35151,6202],{"class":64},[58,35153,69],{"class":68},[58,35155,34316],{"class":239},[58,35157,1082],{"class":68},[58,35159,27663],{"class":239},[58,35161,1082],{"class":68},[58,35163,35164],{"class":239}," extra",[58,35166,243],{"class":68},[16,35168,27217,35169,35171],{},[20,35170,33910],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[617,35173,35175,35177],{"id":35174},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[20,35176,33910],{}," only works with iterable objects",[16,35179,35180],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[16,35182,35183],{},"Example with a string:",[49,35185,35187],{"className":51,"code":35186,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[20,35188,35189,35215],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35190,35191,35193,35195,35197,35200,35202,35204,35206,35208,35211,35213],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35192,4084],{"class":1991},[58,35194,33982],{"class":286},[58,35196,1082],{"class":68},[58,35198,35199],{"class":286}," char ",[58,35201,1998],{"class":1991},[58,35203,33992],{"class":64},[58,35205,69],{"class":68},[58,35207,940],{"class":939},[58,35209,35210],{"class":943},"cat",[58,35212,940],{"class":939},[58,35214,6476],{"class":68},[58,35216,35217,35219,35221,35223,35225,35228],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35218,6202],{"class":64},[58,35220,69],{"class":68},[58,35222,34007],{"class":239},[58,35224,1082],{"class":68},[58,35226,35227],{"class":239}," char",[58,35229,243],{"class":68},[16,35231,132],{},[49,35233,35235],{"className":51,"code":35234,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[20,35236,35237,35243,35249],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35238,35239,35241],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35240,183],{"class":81},[58,35242,34351],{"class":286},[58,35244,35245,35247],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35246,1079],{"class":81},[58,35248,34337],{"class":286},[58,35250,35251,35253],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35252,117],{"class":81},[58,35254,35255],{"class":286}," t\n",[16,35257,35258,35259,499],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[374,35260,3259],{"href":3712},[617,35262,35264],{"id":35263},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[16,35266,35267,35268,499],{},"You do not always need ",[20,35269,33910],{},[16,35271,35272,35273,35275],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[20,35274,4084],{}," loop:",[49,35277,35279],{"className":51,"code":35278,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[20,35280,35281,35313,35317,35329],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35282,35283,35285,35287,35289,35291,35293,35295,35297,35299,35301,35303,35305,35307,35309,35311],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35284,11222],{"class":286},[58,35286,290],{"class":77},[58,35288,1730],{"class":68},[58,35290,940],{"class":939},[58,35292,11239],{"class":943},[58,35294,940],{"class":939},[58,35296,1082],{"class":68},[58,35298,1450],{"class":939},[58,35300,15606],{"class":943},[58,35302,940],{"class":939},[58,35304,1082],{"class":68},[58,35306,1450],{"class":939},[58,35308,11256],{"class":943},[58,35310,940],{"class":939},[58,35312,1743],{"class":68},[58,35314,35315],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35316,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,35318,35319,35321,35323,35325,35327],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35320,4084],{"class":1991},[58,35322,33987],{"class":286},[58,35324,1998],{"class":1991},[58,35326,11270],{"class":286},[58,35328,4521],{"class":68},[58,35330,35331,35333,35335,35337],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,35332,6202],{"class":64},[58,35334,69],{"class":68},[58,35336,31049],{"class":239},[58,35338,243],{"class":68},[16,35340,35341],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[44,35343,914],{"id":913},[16,35345,35346],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[28,35348,35349,35354,35360,35365],{},[31,35350,21254,35351,35353],{},[20,35352,33910],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[31,35355,35356,35357,35359],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[20,35358,183],{}," by default",[31,35361,6552,35362,35364],{},[20,35363,33910],{}," when only values are needed",[31,35366,35367,35368,6841,35370],{},"Confusing ",[20,35369,33910],{},[20,35371,34360],{},[16,35373,35374],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[49,35376,35378],{"className":51,"code":35377,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[20,35379,35380,35402,35429,35463,35496],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35381,35382,35384,35386,35388,35390,35392,35394,35396,35398,35400],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35383,65],{"class":64},[58,35385,69],{"class":68},[58,35387,34204],{"class":64},[58,35389,1076],{"class":68},[58,35391,408],{"class":81},[58,35393,1082],{"class":68},[58,35395,5922],{"class":81},[58,35397,1082],{"class":68},[58,35399,5927],{"class":81},[58,35401,1092],{"class":68},[58,35403,35404,35406,35408,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418,35420,35422,35424,35426],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35405,65],{"class":64},[58,35407,69],{"class":68},[58,35409,6227],{"class":991},[58,35411,69],{"class":68},[58,35413,34204],{"class":64},[58,35415,1076],{"class":68},[58,35417,408],{"class":81},[58,35419,1082],{"class":68},[58,35421,5922],{"class":81},[58,35423,1082],{"class":68},[58,35425,5927],{"class":81},[58,35427,35428],{"class":68},"])))\n",[58,35430,35431,35433,35435,35437,35439,35441,35443,35445,35447,35449,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35432,65],{"class":64},[58,35434,69],{"class":68},[58,35436,6227],{"class":991},[58,35438,69],{"class":68},[58,35440,34204],{"class":64},[58,35442,1076],{"class":68},[58,35444,408],{"class":81},[58,35446,1082],{"class":68},[58,35448,5922],{"class":81},[58,35450,1082],{"class":68},[58,35452,5927],{"class":81},[58,35454,16213],{"class":68},[58,35456,34213],{"class":7313},[58,35458,290],{"class":77},[58,35460,1079],{"class":81},[58,35462,1002],{"class":68},[58,35464,35465,35467,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477,35479,35481,35483,35485,35487,35489,35491,35493],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,35466,4084],{"class":1991},[58,35468,34291],{"class":286},[58,35470,1082],{"class":68},[58,35472,19737],{"class":286},[58,35474,1998],{"class":1991},[58,35476,33992],{"class":64},[58,35478,1076],{"class":68},[58,35480,1396],{"class":939},[58,35482,374],{"class":943},[58,35484,1396],{"class":939},[58,35486,1082],{"class":68},[58,35488,1391],{"class":939},[58,35490,2882],{"class":943},[58,35492,1396],{"class":939},[58,35494,35495],{"class":68},"]):\n",[58,35497,35498,35500,35502,35504,35506,35508],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,35499,6202],{"class":64},[58,35501,69],{"class":68},[58,35503,34316],{"class":239},[58,35505,1082],{"class":68},[58,35507,6568],{"class":239},[58,35509,243],{"class":68},[16,35511,15108],{},[49,35513,35515],{"className":51,"code":35514,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[20,35516,35517,35537,35569,35601,35607],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35518,35519,35521,35523,35525,35528,35532,35535],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35520,1385],{"class":77},[58,35522,34204],{"class":64},[58,35524,22771],{"class":991},[58,35526,35527],{"class":286}," at ",[58,35529,35531],{"class":35530},"srjyR","0x",[58,35533,35534],{"class":32612},"...",[58,35536,1399],{"class":77},[58,35538,35539,35541,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557,35559,35561,35563,35565,35567],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35540,19893],{"class":68},[58,35542,183],{"class":81},[58,35544,1082],{"class":68},[58,35546,4131],{"class":81},[58,35548,7371],{"class":68},[58,35550,7374],{"class":68},[58,35552,1079],{"class":81},[58,35554,1082],{"class":68},[58,35556,5922],{"class":81},[58,35558,7371],{"class":68},[58,35560,7374],{"class":68},[58,35562,117],{"class":81},[58,35564,1082],{"class":68},[58,35566,5927],{"class":81},[58,35568,7387],{"class":68},[58,35570,35571,35573,35575,35577,35579,35581,35583,35585,35587,35589,35591,35593,35595,35597,35599],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35572,19893],{"class":68},[58,35574,1079],{"class":81},[58,35576,1082],{"class":68},[58,35578,4131],{"class":81},[58,35580,7371],{"class":68},[58,35582,7374],{"class":68},[58,35584,117],{"class":81},[58,35586,1082],{"class":68},[58,35588,5922],{"class":81},[58,35590,7371],{"class":68},[58,35592,7374],{"class":68},[58,35594,123],{"class":81},[58,35596,1082],{"class":68},[58,35598,5927],{"class":81},[58,35600,7387],{"class":68},[58,35602,35603,35605],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,35604,183],{"class":81},[58,35606,34337],{"class":286},[58,35608,35609,35611],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,35610,1079],{"class":81},[58,35612,34344],{"class":286},[44,35614,1555],{"id":1554},[617,35616,3265,35618,3268],{"id":35617},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[20,35619,33910],{},[16,35621,35622],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[617,35624,10849,35626,35628],{"id":35625},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[20,35627,33910],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[16,35630,35631,35632,35634,35635,35638],{},"It starts at ",[20,35633,183],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[20,35636,35637],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[617,35640,19573,35642,9233,35644,573],{"id":35641},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[20,35643,33910],{},[20,35645,35646],{},"range(len(list))",[16,35648,34755,35649,35651],{},[20,35650,33910],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[617,35653,3293,35655,35657],{"id":35654},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[20,35656,33910],{}," be used with strings?",[16,35659,35660,35661,35663],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[20,35662,33910],{}," can return each character with its index.",[44,35665,1603],{"id":1602},[28,35667,35668,35672,35678,35685],{},[31,35669,35670],{},[374,35671,34190],{"href":34189},[31,35673,35674],{},[374,35675,1681,35676,1612],{"href":34357},[20,35677,34360],{},[31,35679,35680],{},[374,35681,35682,35683,34771],{"href":34767},"How to use ",[20,35684,33910],{},[31,35686,35687],{},[374,35688,3340],{"href":3712},[1635,35690,35691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":35693},[35694,35695,35697,35698,35700,35702,35704,35711,35712,35722],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":34050,"depth":88,"text":35696},"What enumerate() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":34363,"depth":88,"text":35699},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":34578,"depth":88,"text":35701},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":34774,"depth":88,"text":35703},"Using the start argument",{"id":23511,"depth":88,"text":23512,"children":35705},[35706,35707,35708,35710],{"id":34914,"depth":104,"text":34915},{"id":35010,"depth":104,"text":35011},{"id":35174,"depth":104,"text":35709},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":35263,"depth":104,"text":35264},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":35713},[35714,35716,35718,35720],{"id":35617,"depth":104,"text":35715},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":35625,"depth":104,"text":35717},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":35641,"depth":104,"text":35719},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":35654,"depth":104,"text":35721},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":33902,"description":35723},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":35730,"title":35731,"body":35732,"description":38248,"extension":1667,"meta":38249,"navigation":318,"path":38250,"seo":38251,"stem":38252,"__hash__":38253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":35733,"toc":38205},[35734,35740,35745,35748,35756,35770,35772,35863,35871,35876,35881,35883,35899,35901,35980,35982,35999,36005,36009,36011,36032,36036,36039,36051,36055,36058,36061,36078,36081,36157,36159,36176,36181,36185,36193,36196,36211,36213,36302,36304,36349,36352,36356,36359,36438,36440,36462,36465,36472,36477,36480,36583,36585,36610,36613,36620,36626,36631,36634,36645,36751,36753,36774,36782,36789,36795,36814,36819,36822,36841,36843,36928,36930,36959,36962,36967,36972,36975,36986,36988,37077,37079,37099,37105,37211,37213,37233,37236,37320,37322,37342,37349,37351,37355,37361,37364,37421,37424,37427,37488,37497,37500,37503,37531,37534,37594,37596,37613,37617,37620,37698,37700,37720,37723,37798,37802,37805,37807,37816,37821,37823,37874,37882,37894,37899,37960,37962,37979,37983,38046,38048,38073,38081,38083,38089,38095,38102,38110,38116,38119,38126,38136,38142,38148,38151,38168,38174,38176,38202],[12,35735,1681,35737,1685],{"id":35736},"python-filter-function-explained",[20,35738,35739],{},"filter()",[16,35741,35742,35744],{},[20,35743,35739],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[16,35746,35747],{},"It takes:",[28,35749,35750,35753],{},[31,35751,35752],{},"a function that checks each item",[31,35754,35755],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[16,35757,35758,35759,35762,35763,35766,35767,35769],{},"The result is ",[1855,35760,35761],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[20,35764,35765],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[20,35768,22935],{}," to see the values.",[44,35771,47],{"id":46},[49,35773,35775],{"className":51,"code":35774,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,35776,35777,35810,35846],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35778,35779,35781,35783,35785,35787,35789,35791,35793,35795,35797,35799,35801,35803,35805,35808],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35780,1725],{"class":286},[58,35782,290],{"class":77},[58,35784,1730],{"class":68},[58,35786,1079],{"class":81},[58,35788,1082],{"class":68},[58,35790,1085],{"class":81},[58,35792,1082],{"class":68},[58,35794,531],{"class":81},[58,35796,1082],{"class":68},[58,35798,537],{"class":81},[58,35800,1082],{"class":68},[58,35802,2725],{"class":81},[58,35804,1082],{"class":68},[58,35806,35807],{"class":81}," 6",[58,35809,1743],{"class":68},[58,35811,35812,35814,35816,35819,35821,35824,35828,35830,35832,35834,35836,35838,35840,35842,35844],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35813,301],{"class":286},[58,35815,290],{"class":77},[58,35817,35818],{"class":64}," filter",[58,35820,69],{"class":68},[58,35822,35823],{"class":126},"lambda",[58,35825,35827],{"class":35826},"sFwrP"," x",[58,35829,973],{"class":68},[58,35831,1995],{"class":239},[58,35833,4531],{"class":77},[58,35835,1085],{"class":81},[58,35837,4536],{"class":77},[58,35839,1947],{"class":81},[58,35841,1082],{"class":68},[58,35843,2381],{"class":239},[58,35845,243],{"class":68},[58,35847,35848,35850,35852,35854,35856,35858,35860],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35849,65],{"class":64},[58,35851,69],{"class":68},[58,35853,6227],{"class":991},[58,35855,69],{"class":68},[58,35857,340],{"class":239},[58,35859,3486],{"class":68},[58,35861,35862],{"class":1773},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[16,35864,35865,35867,35868,35870],{},[20,35866,35739],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[20,35869,22935],{}," to see the results.",[44,35872,1788,35874,1791],{"id":35873},"what-filter-does",[20,35875,35739],{},[16,35877,35878,35880],{},[20,35879,35739],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[16,35882,170],{},[28,35884,35885,35888,35894],{},[31,35886,35887],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[31,35889,35890,35891,35893],{},"if the test returns ",[20,35892,1710],{},", the item is kept",[31,35895,35890,35896,35898],{},[20,35897,1784],{},", the item is removed",[16,35900,276],{},[49,35902,35904],{"className":51,"code":35903,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,35905,35906,35934,35938,35966],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35907,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930,35932],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35909,1725],{"class":286},[58,35911,290],{"class":77},[58,35913,1730],{"class":68},[58,35915,1079],{"class":81},[58,35917,1082],{"class":68},[58,35919,1085],{"class":81},[58,35921,1082],{"class":68},[58,35923,531],{"class":81},[58,35925,1082],{"class":68},[58,35927,537],{"class":81},[58,35929,1082],{"class":68},[58,35931,2725],{"class":81},[58,35933,1743],{"class":68},[58,35935,35936],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,35937,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,35939,35940,35942,35944,35946,35948,35950,35952,35954,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,35941,301],{"class":286},[58,35943,290],{"class":77},[58,35945,35818],{"class":64},[58,35947,69],{"class":68},[58,35949,35823],{"class":126},[58,35951,35827],{"class":35826},[58,35953,973],{"class":68},[58,35955,1995],{"class":239},[58,35957,2370],{"class":77},[58,35959,531],{"class":81},[58,35961,1082],{"class":68},[58,35963,2381],{"class":239},[58,35965,243],{"class":68},[58,35967,35968,35970,35972,35974,35976,35978],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,35969,65],{"class":64},[58,35971,69],{"class":68},[58,35973,6227],{"class":991},[58,35975,69],{"class":68},[58,35977,340],{"class":239},[58,35979,85],{"class":68},[16,35981,132],{},[49,35983,35985],{"className":51,"code":35984,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[4, 5]\n",[20,35986,35987],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,35988,35989,35991,35993,35995,35997],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,35990,2016],{"class":68},[58,35992,586],{"class":81},[58,35994,1082],{"class":68},[58,35996,2725],{"class":81},[58,35998,1743],{"class":68},[16,36000,36001,36002,36004],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[20,36003,123],{}," are kept.",[44,36006,36008],{"id":36007},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[16,36010,225],{},[49,36012,36014],{"className":51,"code":36013,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[20,36015,36016],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36017,36018,36020,36022,36025,36027,36030],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36019,35765],{"class":64},[58,36021,69],{"class":68},[58,36023,36024],{"class":239},"function",[58,36026,1082],{"class":68},[58,36028,36029],{"class":239}," iterable",[58,36031,243],{"class":68},[617,36033,36034],{"id":36024},[20,36035,36024],{},[16,36037,36038],{},"This is the test function.",[28,36040,36041,36044],{},[31,36042,36043],{},"It receives one item at a time",[31,36045,36046,36047,966,36049],{},"It should return ",[20,36048,1710],{},[20,36050,1784],{},[617,36052,36053],{"id":1832},[20,36054,1832],{},[16,36056,36057],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[16,36059,36060],{},"It can be:",[28,36062,36063,36066,36069,36072,36075],{},[31,36064,36065],{},"a list",[31,36067,36068],{},"a tuple",[31,36070,36071],{},"a string",[31,36073,36074],{},"a set",[31,36076,36077],{},"another iterable object",[16,36079,36080],{},"Example with a tuple:",[49,36082,36084],{"className":51,"code":36083,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,36085,36086,36111,36115,36143],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36087,36088,36090,36092,36094,36096,36098,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36089,1725],{"class":286},[58,36091,290],{"class":77},[58,36093,7374],{"class":68},[58,36095,408],{"class":81},[58,36097,1082],{"class":68},[58,36099,36100],{"class":81}," 15",[58,36102,1082],{"class":68},[58,36104,5922],{"class":81},[58,36106,1082],{"class":68},[58,36108,7444],{"class":81},[58,36110,243],{"class":68},[58,36112,36113],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36114,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,36116,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133,36135,36137,36139,36141],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,36118,301],{"class":286},[58,36120,290],{"class":77},[58,36122,35818],{"class":64},[58,36124,69],{"class":68},[58,36126,35823],{"class":126},[58,36128,35827],{"class":35826},[58,36130,973],{"class":68},[58,36132,1995],{"class":239},[58,36134,3221],{"class":77},[58,36136,5922],{"class":81},[58,36138,1082],{"class":68},[58,36140,2381],{"class":239},[58,36142,243],{"class":68},[58,36144,36145,36147,36149,36151,36153,36155],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,36146,65],{"class":64},[58,36148,69],{"class":68},[58,36150,6227],{"class":991},[58,36152,69],{"class":68},[58,36154,340],{"class":239},[58,36156,85],{"class":68},[16,36158,132],{},[49,36160,36162],{"className":51,"code":36161,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[20, 25]\n",[20,36163,36164],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36165,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36167,2016],{"class":68},[58,36169,13903],{"class":81},[58,36171,1082],{"class":68},[58,36173,7444],{"class":81},[58,36175,1743],{"class":68},[16,36177,36178,36179,499],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[374,36180,3259],{"href":3712},[44,36182,36184],{"id":36183},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[16,36186,36187,36188,20128,36190,499],{},"In Python 3, ",[20,36189,35739],{},[1855,36191,36192],{},"filter object",[16,36194,36195],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[28,36197,36198,36201,36206],{},[31,36199,36200],{},"loop through it",[31,36202,36203,36204],{},"convert it with ",[20,36205,22935],{},[31,36207,36203,36208],{},[20,36209,36210],{},"tuple()",[16,36212,276],{},[49,36214,36216],{"className":51,"code":36215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,36217,36218,36260,36264,36274,36288],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36219,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36221,301],{"class":286},[58,36223,290],{"class":77},[58,36225,35818],{"class":64},[58,36227,69],{"class":68},[58,36229,35823],{"class":126},[58,36231,35827],{"class":35826},[58,36233,973],{"class":68},[58,36235,1995],{"class":239},[58,36237,2370],{"class":77},[58,36239,1085],{"class":81},[58,36241,1082],{"class":68},[58,36243,1730],{"class":68},[58,36245,1079],{"class":81},[58,36247,1082],{"class":68},[58,36249,1085],{"class":81},[58,36251,1082],{"class":68},[58,36253,531],{"class":81},[58,36255,1082],{"class":68},[58,36257,537],{"class":81},[58,36259,2004],{"class":68},[58,36261,36262],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36263,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,36265,36266,36268,36270,36272],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,36267,65],{"class":64},[58,36269,69],{"class":68},[58,36271,340],{"class":239},[58,36273,243],{"class":68},[58,36275,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,36277,65],{"class":64},[58,36279,69],{"class":68},[58,36281,1316],{"class":991},[58,36283,69],{"class":68},[58,36285,340],{"class":239},[58,36287,85],{"class":68},[58,36289,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,36291,65],{"class":64},[58,36293,69],{"class":68},[58,36295,6227],{"class":991},[58,36297,69],{"class":68},[58,36299,340],{"class":239},[58,36301,85],{"class":68},[16,36303,132],{},[49,36305,36307],{"className":51,"code":36306,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[20,36308,36309,36323,36337],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36310,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36312,1385],{"class":77},[58,36314,35765],{"class":64},[58,36316,22771],{"class":991},[58,36318,35527],{"class":286},[58,36320,35534],{"class":32612},[58,36322,1399],{"class":77},[58,36324,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36326,1385],{"class":77},[58,36328,1388],{"class":126},[58,36330,1391],{"class":939},[58,36332,35765],{"class":943},[58,36334,1396],{"class":939},[58,36336,1399],{"class":77},[58,36338,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,36340,2016],{"class":68},[58,36342,123],{"class":81},[58,36344,1082],{"class":68},[58,36346,537],{"class":81},[58,36348,1743],{"class":68},[16,36350,36351],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[617,36353,36355],{"id":36354},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[16,36357,36358],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[49,36360,36362],{"className":51,"code":36361,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,36363,36364,36406,36410,36424],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36365,36366,36368,36370,36372,36374,36376,36378,36380,36382,36384,36386,36388,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402,36404],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36367,301],{"class":286},[58,36369,290],{"class":77},[58,36371,35818],{"class":64},[58,36373,69],{"class":68},[58,36375,35823],{"class":126},[58,36377,35827],{"class":35826},[58,36379,973],{"class":68},[58,36381,1995],{"class":239},[58,36383,2370],{"class":77},[58,36385,1085],{"class":81},[58,36387,1082],{"class":68},[58,36389,1730],{"class":68},[58,36391,1079],{"class":81},[58,36393,1082],{"class":68},[58,36395,1085],{"class":81},[58,36397,1082],{"class":68},[58,36399,531],{"class":81},[58,36401,1082],{"class":68},[58,36403,537],{"class":81},[58,36405,2004],{"class":68},[58,36407,36408],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36409,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,36411,36412,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,36413,65],{"class":64},[58,36415,69],{"class":68},[58,36417,6227],{"class":991},[58,36419,69],{"class":68},[58,36421,340],{"class":239},[58,36423,85],{"class":68},[58,36425,36426,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,36427,65],{"class":64},[58,36429,69],{"class":68},[58,36431,6227],{"class":991},[58,36433,69],{"class":68},[58,36435,340],{"class":239},[58,36437,85],{"class":68},[16,36439,132],{},[49,36441,36443],{"className":51,"code":36442,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[20,36444,36445,36457],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36446,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36448,2016],{"class":68},[58,36450,123],{"class":81},[58,36452,1082],{"class":68},[58,36454,537],{"class":81},[58,36456,1743],{"class":68},[58,36458,36459],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36460,36461],{"class":68},"[]\n",[16,36463,36464],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[44,36466,6552,36468,6841,36470],{"id":36467},"using-filter-with-lambda",[20,36469,35739],{},[20,36471,35823],{},[16,36473,13337,36474,36476],{},[20,36475,35823],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[16,36478,36479],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[49,36481,36483],{"className":51,"code":36482,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,36484,36485,36527,36531,36569],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36486,36487,36489,36491,36493,36495,36497,36499,36501,36503,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36523,36525],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36488,2187],{"class":286},[58,36490,290],{"class":77},[58,36492,1730],{"class":68},[58,36494,940],{"class":939},[58,36496,2196],{"class":943},[58,36498,940],{"class":939},[58,36500,1082],{"class":68},[58,36502,1450],{"class":939},[58,36504,36505],{"class":943},"kiwi",[58,36507,940],{"class":939},[58,36509,1082],{"class":68},[58,36511,1450],{"class":939},[58,36513,2205],{"class":943},[58,36515,940],{"class":939},[58,36517,1082],{"class":68},[58,36519,1450],{"class":939},[58,36521,36522],{"class":943},"fig",[58,36524,940],{"class":939},[58,36526,1743],{"class":68},[58,36528,36529],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36530,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,36532,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36546,36548,36551,36553,36556,36558,36561,36563,36565,36567],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,36534,301],{"class":286},[58,36536,290],{"class":77},[58,36538,35818],{"class":64},[58,36540,69],{"class":68},[58,36542,35823],{"class":126},[58,36544,36545],{"class":35826}," word",[58,36547,973],{"class":68},[58,36549,36550],{"class":64}," len",[58,36552,69],{"class":68},[58,36554,36555],{"class":239},"word",[58,36557,1770],{"class":68},[58,36559,36560],{"class":77}," >",[58,36562,537],{"class":81},[58,36564,1082],{"class":68},[58,36566,4295],{"class":239},[58,36568,243],{"class":68},[58,36570,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,36572,65],{"class":64},[58,36574,69],{"class":68},[58,36576,6227],{"class":991},[58,36578,69],{"class":68},[58,36580,340],{"class":239},[58,36582,85],{"class":68},[16,36584,132],{},[49,36586,36588],{"className":51,"code":36587,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[20,36589,36590],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36591,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36593,2016],{"class":68},[58,36595,1396],{"class":939},[58,36597,2196],{"class":943},[58,36599,1396],{"class":939},[58,36601,1082],{"class":68},[58,36603,1391],{"class":939},[58,36605,2205],{"class":943},[58,36607,1396],{"class":939},[58,36609,1743],{"class":68},[16,36611,36612],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[16,36614,36615,36616,499],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[374,36617,36619],{"href":36618},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[44,36621,6552,36623,36625],{"id":36622},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[20,36624,35739],{}," with a named function",[16,36627,36628,36629,499],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[20,36630,35823],{},[16,36632,36633],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[28,36635,36636,36639,36642],{},[31,36637,36638],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[31,36640,36641],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[31,36643,36644],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[49,36646,36648],{"className":51,"code":36647,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,36649,36650,36663,36678,36682,36714,36733,36737],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36651,36652,36654,36657,36659,36661],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36653,33011],{"class":126},[58,36655,36656],{"class":33014}," is_even",[58,36658,69],{"class":68},[58,36660,311],{"class":35826},[58,36662,6476],{"class":68},[58,36664,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36666,33022],{"class":1991},[58,36668,4514],{"class":286},[58,36670,4531],{"class":77},[58,36672,1085],{"class":81},[58,36674,4536],{"class":77},[58,36676,36677],{"class":81}," 0\n",[58,36679,36680],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,36681,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,36683,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,36685,1725],{"class":286},[58,36687,290],{"class":77},[58,36689,1730],{"class":68},[58,36691,1079],{"class":81},[58,36693,1082],{"class":68},[58,36695,1085],{"class":81},[58,36697,1082],{"class":68},[58,36699,531],{"class":81},[58,36701,1082],{"class":68},[58,36703,537],{"class":81},[58,36705,1082],{"class":68},[58,36707,2725],{"class":81},[58,36709,1082],{"class":68},[58,36711,35807],{"class":81},[58,36713,1743],{"class":68},[58,36715,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36727,36729,36731],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,36717,301],{"class":286},[58,36719,290],{"class":77},[58,36721,35818],{"class":64},[58,36723,69],{"class":68},[58,36725,36726],{"class":239},"is_even",[58,36728,1082],{"class":68},[58,36730,2381],{"class":239},[58,36732,243],{"class":68},[58,36734,36735],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,36736,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,36738,36739,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,36740,65],{"class":64},[58,36742,69],{"class":68},[58,36744,6227],{"class":991},[58,36746,69],{"class":68},[58,36748,340],{"class":239},[58,36750,85],{"class":68},[16,36752,132],{},[49,36754,36756],{"className":51,"code":36755,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[20,36757,36758],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36759,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36761,2016],{"class":68},[58,36763,117],{"class":81},[58,36765,1082],{"class":68},[58,36767,537],{"class":81},[58,36769,1082],{"class":68},[58,36771,35807],{"class":81},[58,36773,1743],{"class":68},[16,36775,18923,36776,475,36779,36781],{},[20,36777,36778],{},"is_even()",[20,36780,1710],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[44,36783,6552,36785,6841,36787],{"id":36784},"using-none-with-filter",[20,36786,1891],{},[20,36788,35739],{},[16,36790,36791,36792,36794],{},"You can pass ",[20,36793,1891],{}," as the first argument:",[49,36796,36798],{"className":51,"code":36797,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[20,36799,36800],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36801,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36803,35765],{"class":64},[58,36805,69],{"class":68},[58,36807,1891],{"class":1966},[58,36809,1082],{"class":68},[58,36811,36029],{"class":239},[58,36813,243],{"class":68},[16,36815,36816,36817,5470],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[1855,36818,3722],{},[16,36820,36821],{},"Falsy values include:",[28,36823,36824,36828,36833,36837],{},[31,36825,36826],{},[20,36827,183],{},[31,36829,36830,36832],{},[20,36831,1886],{}," (empty string)",[31,36834,36835],{},[20,36836,1891],{},[31,36838,36839],{},[20,36840,1784],{},[16,36842,276],{},[49,36844,36846],{"className":51,"code":36845,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,36847,36848,36892,36896,36914],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36849,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36851,5911],{"class":286},[58,36853,290],{"class":77},[58,36855,1730],{"class":68},[58,36857,183],{"class":81},[58,36859,1082],{"class":68},[58,36861,3623],{"class":81},[58,36863,1082],{"class":68},[58,36865,4253],{"class":939},[58,36867,1082],{"class":68},[58,36869,1450],{"class":939},[58,36871,1959],{"class":943},[58,36873,940],{"class":939},[58,36875,1082],{"class":68},[58,36877,1967],{"class":1966},[58,36879,1082],{"class":68},[58,36881,2032],{"class":1966},[58,36883,1082],{"class":68},[58,36885,2023],{"class":1966},[58,36887,1082],{"class":68},[58,36889,2725],{"class":81},[58,36891,1743],{"class":68},[58,36893,36894],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,36895,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,36897,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,36899,301],{"class":286},[58,36901,290],{"class":77},[58,36903,35818],{"class":64},[58,36905,69],{"class":68},[58,36907,1891],{"class":1966},[58,36909,1082],{"class":68},[58,36911,4092],{"class":239},[58,36913,243],{"class":68},[58,36915,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,36917,65],{"class":64},[58,36919,69],{"class":68},[58,36921,6227],{"class":991},[58,36923,69],{"class":68},[58,36925,340],{"class":239},[58,36927,85],{"class":68},[16,36929,132],{},[49,36931,36933],{"className":51,"code":36932,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[20,36934,36935],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36936,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36938,2016],{"class":68},[58,36940,1079],{"class":81},[58,36942,1082],{"class":68},[58,36944,1391],{"class":939},[58,36946,1959],{"class":943},[58,36948,1396],{"class":939},[58,36950,1082],{"class":68},[58,36952,2032],{"class":1966},[58,36954,1082],{"class":68},[58,36956,2725],{"class":81},[58,36958,1743],{"class":68},[16,36960,36961],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[44,36963,3083,36965],{"id":36964},"when-to-use-filter",[20,36966,35739],{},[16,36968,155,36969,36971],{},[20,36970,35739],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[16,36973,36974],{},"It works well for:",[28,36976,36977,36980,36983],{},[31,36978,36979],{},"simple filtering rules",[31,36981,36982],{},"quick data cleaning",[31,36984,36985],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[16,36987,276],{},[49,36989,36991],{"className":51,"code":36990,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[20,36992,36993,37025,37058,37062],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,36994,36995,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,36996,1725],{"class":286},[58,36998,290],{"class":77},[58,37000,1730],{"class":68},[58,37002,1079],{"class":81},[58,37004,1082],{"class":68},[58,37006,1085],{"class":81},[58,37008,1082],{"class":68},[58,37010,531],{"class":81},[58,37012,1082],{"class":68},[58,37014,537],{"class":81},[58,37016,1082],{"class":68},[58,37018,2725],{"class":81},[58,37020,1082],{"class":68},[58,37022,35807],{"class":81},[58,37024,1743],{"class":68},[58,37026,37027,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37028,37029],{"class":286},"evens ",[58,37031,290],{"class":77},[58,37033,35818],{"class":64},[58,37035,69],{"class":68},[58,37037,35823],{"class":126},[58,37039,35827],{"class":35826},[58,37041,973],{"class":68},[58,37043,1995],{"class":239},[58,37045,4531],{"class":77},[58,37047,1085],{"class":81},[58,37049,4536],{"class":77},[58,37051,1947],{"class":81},[58,37053,1082],{"class":68},[58,37055,2381],{"class":239},[58,37057,243],{"class":68},[58,37059,37060],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,37061,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,37063,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37075],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,37065,65],{"class":64},[58,37067,69],{"class":68},[58,37069,6227],{"class":991},[58,37071,69],{"class":68},[58,37073,37074],{"class":239},"evens",[58,37076,85],{"class":68},[16,37078,132],{},[49,37080,37081],{"className":51,"code":36755,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,37082,37083],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37084,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37086,2016],{"class":68},[58,37088,117],{"class":81},[58,37090,1082],{"class":68},[58,37092,537],{"class":81},[58,37094,1082],{"class":68},[58,37096,35807],{"class":81},[58,37098,1743],{"class":68},[16,37100,37101,37102,37104],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[20,37103,4084],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[49,37106,37108],{"className":51,"code":37107,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[20,37109,37110,37142,37150,37154,37166,37182,37197,37201],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37111,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37113,1725],{"class":286},[58,37115,290],{"class":77},[58,37117,1730],{"class":68},[58,37119,1079],{"class":81},[58,37121,1082],{"class":68},[58,37123,1085],{"class":81},[58,37125,1082],{"class":68},[58,37127,531],{"class":81},[58,37129,1082],{"class":68},[58,37131,537],{"class":81},[58,37133,1082],{"class":68},[58,37135,2725],{"class":81},[58,37137,1082],{"class":68},[58,37139,35807],{"class":81},[58,37141,1743],{"class":68},[58,37143,37144,37146,37148],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37145,37029],{"class":286},[58,37147,290],{"class":77},[58,37149,5971],{"class":68},[58,37151,37152],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,37153,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,37155,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,37157,4084],{"class":1991},[58,37159,4514],{"class":286},[58,37161,1998],{"class":1991},[58,37163,2381],{"class":286},[58,37165,4521],{"class":68},[58,37167,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37178,37180],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,37169,4526],{"class":1991},[58,37171,4514],{"class":286},[58,37173,4531],{"class":77},[58,37175,1085],{"class":81},[58,37177,4536],{"class":77},[58,37179,1947],{"class":81},[58,37181,4521],{"class":68},[58,37183,37184,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,37185,37186],{"class":286},"        evens",[58,37188,499],{"class":68},[58,37190,11700],{"class":239},[58,37192,69],{"class":68},[58,37194,311],{"class":239},[58,37196,243],{"class":68},[58,37198,37199],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,37200,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,37202,37203,37205,37207,37209],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,37204,65],{"class":64},[58,37206,69],{"class":68},[58,37208,37074],{"class":239},[58,37210,243],{"class":68},[16,37212,132],{},[49,37214,37215],{"className":51,"code":36755,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,37216,37217],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37218,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37220,2016],{"class":68},[58,37222,117],{"class":81},[58,37224,1082],{"class":68},[58,37226,537],{"class":81},[58,37228,1082],{"class":68},[58,37230,35807],{"class":81},[58,37232,1743],{"class":68},[16,37234,37235],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[49,37237,37239],{"className":51,"code":37238,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[20,37240,37241,37273,37306,37310],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37242,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37244,1725],{"class":286},[58,37246,290],{"class":77},[58,37248,1730],{"class":68},[58,37250,1079],{"class":81},[58,37252,1082],{"class":68},[58,37254,1085],{"class":81},[58,37256,1082],{"class":68},[58,37258,531],{"class":81},[58,37260,1082],{"class":68},[58,37262,537],{"class":81},[58,37264,1082],{"class":68},[58,37266,2725],{"class":81},[58,37268,1082],{"class":68},[58,37270,35807],{"class":81},[58,37272,1743],{"class":68},[58,37274,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37276,37029],{"class":286},[58,37278,290],{"class":77},[58,37280,1730],{"class":68},[58,37282,287],{"class":286},[58,37284,4084],{"class":1991},[58,37286,4514],{"class":286},[58,37288,1998],{"class":1991},[58,37290,37291],{"class":286}," numbers ",[58,37293,5127],{"class":1991},[58,37295,4514],{"class":286},[58,37297,4531],{"class":77},[58,37299,1085],{"class":81},[58,37301,4536],{"class":77},[58,37303,1947],{"class":81},[58,37305,1743],{"class":68},[58,37307,37308],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,37309,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,37311,37312,37314,37316,37318],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,37313,65],{"class":64},[58,37315,69],{"class":68},[58,37317,37074],{"class":239},[58,37319,243],{"class":68},[16,37321,132],{},[49,37323,37324],{"className":51,"code":36755,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,37325,37326],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37327,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37329,2016],{"class":68},[58,37331,117],{"class":81},[58,37333,1082],{"class":68},[58,37335,537],{"class":81},[58,37337,1082],{"class":68},[58,37339,35807],{"class":81},[58,37341,1743],{"class":68},[16,37343,37344,37345,499],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[374,37346,37348],{"href":37347},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[44,37350,914],{"id":913},[16,37352,12881,37353,499],{},[20,37354,35739],{},[617,37356,6588,37358,37360],{"id":37357},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[20,37359,35739],{}," to return a list",[16,37362,37363],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[49,37365,37367],{"className":51,"code":37366,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[20,37368,37369,37411],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37370,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37372,301],{"class":286},[58,37374,290],{"class":77},[58,37376,35818],{"class":64},[58,37378,69],{"class":68},[58,37380,35823],{"class":126},[58,37382,35827],{"class":35826},[58,37384,973],{"class":68},[58,37386,1995],{"class":239},[58,37388,2370],{"class":77},[58,37390,1085],{"class":81},[58,37392,1082],{"class":68},[58,37394,1730],{"class":68},[58,37396,1079],{"class":81},[58,37398,1082],{"class":68},[58,37400,1085],{"class":81},[58,37402,1082],{"class":68},[58,37404,531],{"class":81},[58,37406,1082],{"class":68},[58,37408,537],{"class":81},[58,37410,2004],{"class":68},[58,37412,37413,37415,37417,37419],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37414,65],{"class":64},[58,37416,69],{"class":68},[58,37418,340],{"class":239},[58,37420,243],{"class":68},[16,37422,37423],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[16,37425,37426],{},"Fix:",[49,37428,37430],{"className":51,"code":37429,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,37431,37432,37474],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37433,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37435,301],{"class":286},[58,37437,290],{"class":77},[58,37439,35818],{"class":64},[58,37441,69],{"class":68},[58,37443,35823],{"class":126},[58,37445,35827],{"class":35826},[58,37447,973],{"class":68},[58,37449,1995],{"class":239},[58,37451,2370],{"class":77},[58,37453,1085],{"class":81},[58,37455,1082],{"class":68},[58,37457,1730],{"class":68},[58,37459,1079],{"class":81},[58,37461,1082],{"class":68},[58,37463,1085],{"class":81},[58,37465,1082],{"class":68},[58,37467,531],{"class":81},[58,37469,1082],{"class":68},[58,37471,537],{"class":81},[58,37473,2004],{"class":68},[58,37475,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37477,65],{"class":64},[58,37479,69],{"class":68},[58,37481,6227],{"class":991},[58,37483,69],{"class":68},[58,37485,340],{"class":239},[58,37487,85],{"class":68},[617,37489,37491,37492,966,37494,37496],{"id":37490},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[20,37493,1710],{},[20,37495,1784],{}," clearly",[16,37498,37499],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[16,37501,37502],{},"Good example:",[49,37504,37506],{"className":51,"code":37505,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[20,37507,37508,37521],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37509,37510,37512,37515,37517,37519],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37511,33011],{"class":126},[58,37513,37514],{"class":33014}," is_positive",[58,37516,69],{"class":68},[58,37518,311],{"class":35826},[58,37520,6476],{"class":68},[58,37522,37523,37525,37527,37529],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37524,33022],{"class":1991},[58,37526,4514],{"class":286},[58,37528,2370],{"class":77},[58,37530,36677],{"class":81},[16,37532,37533],{},"Then use it with:",[49,37535,37537],{"className":51,"code":37536,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[20,37538,37539,37571],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37540,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37542,1725],{"class":286},[58,37544,290],{"class":77},[58,37546,1730],{"class":68},[58,37548,78],{"class":77},[58,37550,117],{"class":81},[58,37552,1082],{"class":68},[58,37554,293],{"class":77},[58,37556,1079],{"class":81},[58,37558,1082],{"class":68},[58,37560,1947],{"class":81},[58,37562,1082],{"class":68},[58,37564,3623],{"class":81},[58,37566,1082],{"class":68},[58,37568,1085],{"class":81},[58,37570,1743],{"class":68},[58,37572,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585,37588,37590,37592],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37574,65],{"class":64},[58,37576,69],{"class":68},[58,37578,6227],{"class":991},[58,37580,69],{"class":68},[58,37582,35765],{"class":64},[58,37584,69],{"class":68},[58,37586,37587],{"class":239},"is_positive",[58,37589,1082],{"class":68},[58,37591,2381],{"class":239},[58,37593,1002],{"class":68},[16,37595,132],{},[49,37597,37599],{"className":51,"code":37598,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2]\n",[20,37600,37601],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37602,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37604,2016],{"class":68},[58,37606,1079],{"class":81},[58,37608,1082],{"class":68},[58,37610,1085],{"class":81},[58,37612,1743],{"class":68},[617,37614,37616],{"id":37615},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[16,37618,37619],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[49,37621,37622],{"className":51,"code":36361,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,37623,37624,37666,37670,37684],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37625,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37627,301],{"class":286},[58,37629,290],{"class":77},[58,37631,35818],{"class":64},[58,37633,69],{"class":68},[58,37635,35823],{"class":126},[58,37637,35827],{"class":35826},[58,37639,973],{"class":68},[58,37641,1995],{"class":239},[58,37643,2370],{"class":77},[58,37645,1085],{"class":81},[58,37647,1082],{"class":68},[58,37649,1730],{"class":68},[58,37651,1079],{"class":81},[58,37653,1082],{"class":68},[58,37655,1085],{"class":81},[58,37657,1082],{"class":68},[58,37659,531],{"class":81},[58,37661,1082],{"class":68},[58,37663,537],{"class":81},[58,37665,2004],{"class":68},[58,37667,37668],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37669,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,37671,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,37673,65],{"class":64},[58,37675,69],{"class":68},[58,37677,6227],{"class":991},[58,37679,69],{"class":68},[58,37681,340],{"class":239},[58,37683,85],{"class":68},[58,37685,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,37687,65],{"class":64},[58,37689,69],{"class":68},[58,37691,6227],{"class":991},[58,37693,69],{"class":68},[58,37695,340],{"class":239},[58,37697,85],{"class":68},[16,37699,132],{},[49,37701,37702],{"className":51,"code":36442,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,37703,37704,37716],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37705,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37707,2016],{"class":68},[58,37709,123],{"class":81},[58,37711,1082],{"class":68},[58,37713,537],{"class":81},[58,37715,1743],{"class":68},[58,37717,37718],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37719,36461],{"class":68},[16,37721,37722],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[49,37724,37726],{"className":51,"code":37725,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[20,37727,37728,37774,37778,37788],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37729,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37731,301],{"class":286},[58,37733,290],{"class":77},[58,37735,20713],{"class":991},[58,37737,69],{"class":68},[58,37739,35765],{"class":64},[58,37741,69],{"class":68},[58,37743,35823],{"class":126},[58,37745,35827],{"class":35826},[58,37747,973],{"class":68},[58,37749,1995],{"class":239},[58,37751,2370],{"class":77},[58,37753,1085],{"class":81},[58,37755,1082],{"class":68},[58,37757,1730],{"class":68},[58,37759,1079],{"class":81},[58,37761,1082],{"class":68},[58,37763,1085],{"class":81},[58,37765,1082],{"class":68},[58,37767,531],{"class":81},[58,37769,1082],{"class":68},[58,37771,537],{"class":81},[58,37773,1092],{"class":68},[58,37775,37776],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37777,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,37779,37780,37782,37784,37786],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,37781,65],{"class":64},[58,37783,69],{"class":68},[58,37785,340],{"class":239},[58,37787,243],{"class":68},[58,37789,37790,37792,37794,37796],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,37791,65],{"class":64},[58,37793,69],{"class":68},[58,37795,340],{"class":239},[58,37797,243],{"class":68},[617,37799,37801],{"id":37800},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[16,37803,37804],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[16,37806,14793],{},[49,37808,37810],{"className":51,"code":37809,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[20,37811,37812],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37813,37814],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37815,37809],{"class":1773},[16,37817,37818,37819,4680],{},"This causes an error because ",[20,37820,408],{},[16,37822,14805],{},[49,37824,37826],{"className":51,"code":37825,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[20,37827,37828],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37829,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37831,65],{"class":64},[58,37833,69],{"class":68},[58,37835,6227],{"class":991},[58,37837,69],{"class":68},[58,37839,35765],{"class":64},[58,37841,69],{"class":68},[58,37843,35823],{"class":126},[58,37845,35827],{"class":35826},[58,37847,973],{"class":68},[58,37849,1995],{"class":239},[58,37851,2370],{"class":77},[58,37853,1085],{"class":81},[58,37855,1082],{"class":68},[58,37857,1730],{"class":68},[58,37859,1079],{"class":81},[58,37861,1082],{"class":68},[58,37863,1085],{"class":81},[58,37865,1082],{"class":68},[58,37867,531],{"class":81},[58,37869,1082],{"class":68},[58,37871,537],{"class":81},[58,37873,35428],{"class":68},[617,37875,35367,37877,6841,37879],{"id":37876},"confusing-filter-with-map",[20,37878,35739],{},[20,37880,37881],{},"map()",[28,37883,37884,37889],{},[31,37885,37886,37888],{},[20,37887,35739],{}," keeps or removes items",[31,37890,37891,37893],{},[20,37892,37881],{}," changes each item into a new value",[16,37895,37896,37897,973],{},"Example of ",[20,37898,35739],{},[49,37900,37902],{"className":51,"code":37901,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[20,37903,37904,37928],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37905,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37907,1725],{"class":286},[58,37909,290],{"class":77},[58,37911,1730],{"class":68},[58,37913,1079],{"class":81},[58,37915,1082],{"class":68},[58,37917,1085],{"class":81},[58,37919,1082],{"class":68},[58,37921,531],{"class":81},[58,37923,1082],{"class":68},[58,37925,537],{"class":81},[58,37927,1743],{"class":68},[58,37929,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,37931,65],{"class":64},[58,37933,69],{"class":68},[58,37935,6227],{"class":991},[58,37937,69],{"class":68},[58,37939,35765],{"class":64},[58,37941,69],{"class":68},[58,37943,35823],{"class":126},[58,37945,35827],{"class":35826},[58,37947,973],{"class":68},[58,37949,1995],{"class":239},[58,37951,2370],{"class":77},[58,37953,1085],{"class":81},[58,37955,1082],{"class":68},[58,37957,2381],{"class":239},[58,37959,1002],{"class":68},[16,37961,132],{},[49,37963,37965],{"className":51,"code":37964,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[3, 4]\n",[20,37966,37967],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37968,37969,37971,37973,37975,37977],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37970,2016],{"class":68},[58,37972,123],{"class":81},[58,37974,1082],{"class":68},[58,37976,537],{"class":81},[58,37978,1743],{"class":68},[16,37980,37896,37981,973],{},[20,37982,37881],{},[49,37984,37986],{"className":51,"code":37985,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[20,37987,37988,38012],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,37989,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,37991,1725],{"class":286},[58,37993,290],{"class":77},[58,37995,1730],{"class":68},[58,37997,1079],{"class":81},[58,37999,1082],{"class":68},[58,38001,1085],{"class":81},[58,38003,1082],{"class":68},[58,38005,531],{"class":81},[58,38007,1082],{"class":68},[58,38009,537],{"class":81},[58,38011,1743],{"class":68},[58,38013,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38038,38040,38042,38044],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38015,65],{"class":64},[58,38017,69],{"class":68},[58,38019,6227],{"class":991},[58,38021,69],{"class":68},[58,38023,38024],{"class":64},"map",[58,38026,69],{"class":68},[58,38028,35823],{"class":126},[58,38030,35827],{"class":35826},[58,38032,973],{"class":68},[58,38034,1995],{"class":239},[58,38036,38037],{"class":77},"*",[58,38039,1085],{"class":81},[58,38041,1082],{"class":68},[58,38043,2381],{"class":239},[58,38045,1002],{"class":68},[16,38047,132],{},[49,38049,38051],{"className":51,"code":38050,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[20,38052,38053],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38054,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38056,2016],{"class":68},[58,38058,117],{"class":81},[58,38060,1082],{"class":68},[58,38062,537],{"class":81},[58,38064,1082],{"class":68},[58,38066,35807],{"class":81},[58,38068,1082],{"class":68},[58,38070,4487],{"class":81},[58,38072,1743],{"class":68},[16,38074,38075,38076,499],{},"For the related function, see ",[374,38077,1681,38079,1612],{"href":38078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[20,38080,37881],{},[44,38082,1555],{"id":1554},[617,38084,10849,38086,38088],{"id":38085},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[20,38087,35739],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[16,38090,38091,38092,38094],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[20,38093,22935],{}," if needed.",[617,38096,38098,38099,38101],{"id":38097},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[20,38100,35739],{}," need to return?",[16,38103,36046,38104,38106,38107,38109],{},[20,38105,1710],{}," to keep an item and ",[20,38108,1784],{}," to remove it.",[617,38111,26484,38113,38115],{"id":38112},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[20,38114,35739],{}," without lambda?",[16,38117,38118],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[617,38120,3265,38122,38125],{"id":38121},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[20,38123,38124],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[16,38127,38128,38129,38131,38132,15222,38134,499],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[20,38130,183],{},", empty strings, ",[20,38133,1891],{},[20,38135,1784],{},[617,38137,19573,38139,38141],{"id":38138},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[20,38140,35739],{}," or a list comprehension?",[16,38143,38144,38145,38147],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[20,38146,4084],{}," loops easier to read.",[16,38149,38150],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[28,38152,38153,38159,38165],{},[31,38154,38155,38156,38158],{},"use ",[20,38157,35739],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[31,38160,38161,38162,38164],{},"use a ",[20,38163,4084],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[31,38166,38167],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[16,38169,38170,38171,499],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[374,38172,3255],{"href":38173},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[44,38175,1603],{"id":1602},[28,38177,38178,38183,38187,38192,38198],{},[31,38179,38180],{},[374,38181,38182],{"href":36618},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[31,38184,38185],{},[374,38186,3345],{"href":38173},[31,38188,38189],{},[374,38190,38191],{"href":37347},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[31,38193,38194],{},[374,38195,1681,38196,1612],{"href":38078},[20,38197,37881],{},[31,38199,38200],{},[374,38201,3340],{"href":3712},[1635,38203,38204],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":38206},[38207,38208,38210,38214,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38235,38247],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":35873,"depth":88,"text":38209},"What filter() does",{"id":36007,"depth":88,"text":36008,"children":38211},[38212,38213],{"id":36024,"depth":104,"text":36024},{"id":1832,"depth":104,"text":1832},{"id":36183,"depth":88,"text":36184,"children":38215},[38216],{"id":36354,"depth":104,"text":36355},{"id":36467,"depth":88,"text":38218},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":36622,"depth":88,"text":38220},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":36784,"depth":88,"text":38222},"Using None with filter()",{"id":36964,"depth":88,"text":38224},"When to use filter()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":38226},[38227,38229,38231,38232,38233],{"id":37357,"depth":104,"text":38228},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":37490,"depth":104,"text":38230},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":37615,"depth":104,"text":37616},{"id":37800,"depth":104,"text":37801},{"id":37876,"depth":104,"text":38234},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":38236},[38237,38239,38241,38243,38245],{"id":38085,"depth":104,"text":38238},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":38097,"depth":104,"text":38240},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":38112,"depth":104,"text":38242},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":38121,"depth":104,"text":38244},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":38138,"depth":104,"text":38246},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":35731,"description":38248},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":38255,"title":38256,"body":38257,"description":40410,"extension":1667,"meta":40411,"navigation":318,"path":40412,"seo":40413,"stem":40414,"__hash__":40415},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":38258,"toc":40364},[38259,38262,38267,38273,38275,38327,38329,38348,38353,38357,38362,38365,38380,38383,38405,38407,38456,38458,38482,38484,38486,38501,38506,38514,38529,38531,38540,38543,38578,38582,38587,38591,38598,38633,38635,38651,38655,38658,38699,38701,38715,38719,38722,38746,38748,38757,38761,38764,38797,38799,38812,38816,38822,38841,38843,38851,38855,38860,38864,38870,38893,38895,38924,38927,38946,38950,38953,38980,38982,39016,39020,39023,39047,39051,39062,39064,39069,39075,39077,39161,39163,39205,39208,39212,39219,39228,39284,39291,39300,39305,39309,39380,39382,39391,39395,39398,39442,39444,39453,39457,39463,39513,39517,39522,39526,39550,39552,39561,39565,39589,39591,39602,39606,39630,39632,39641,39644,39661,39667,39671,39677,39680,39685,39688,39709,39711,39743,39746,39751,39753,39764,39766,39810,39814,39821,39873,39875,39884,39888,39891,39984,39987,40011,40015,40018,40110,40115,40119,40126,40131,40155,40157,40166,40171,40194,40196,40204,40211,40234,40242,40244,40257,40267,40269,40273,40280,40284,40293,40297,40304,40308,40312,40316,40329,40331,40361],[12,38260,38256],{"id":38261},"python-float-function-explained",[16,38263,7260,38264,38266],{},[20,38265,972],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[16,38268,38269,38270,38272],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[20,38271,972],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[44,38274,47],{"id":46},[49,38276,38278],{"className":51,"code":38277,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[20,38279,38280,38294,38313],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38281,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38283,65],{"class":64},[58,38285,69],{"class":68},[58,38287,260],{"class":991},[58,38289,69],{"class":68},[58,38291,200],{"class":81},[58,38293,85],{"class":68},[58,38295,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38309,38311],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38297,65],{"class":64},[58,38299,69],{"class":68},[58,38301,260],{"class":991},[58,38303,69],{"class":68},[58,38305,940],{"class":939},[58,38307,38308],{"class":943},"3.14",[58,38310,940],{"class":939},[58,38312,85],{"class":68},[58,38314,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,38316,65],{"class":64},[58,38318,69],{"class":68},[58,38320,260],{"class":991},[58,38322,69],{"class":68},[58,38324,1710],{"class":1966},[58,38326,85],{"class":68},[16,38328,132],{},[49,38330,38332],{"className":51,"code":38331,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[20,38333,38334,38338,38343],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38335,38336],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38337,560],{"class":81},[58,38339,38340],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38341,38342],{"class":81},"3.14\n",[58,38344,38345],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,38346,38347],{"class":81},"1.0\n",[16,38349,155,38350,38352],{},[20,38351,972],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[44,38354,38356],{"id":38355},"what-float-does","What float() does",[16,38358,38359,38361],{},[20,38360,972],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[16,38363,38364],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[28,38366,38367,38371,38375],{},[31,38368,38369],{},[20,38370,572],{},[31,38372,38373],{},[20,38374,38308],{},[31,38376,38377],{},[20,38378,38379],{},"0.5",[16,38381,38382],{},"A few key points:",[28,38384,38385,38392,38395,38398],{},[31,38386,38387,38389,38390],{},[20,38388,972],{}," returns a value of type ",[20,38391,260],{},[31,38393,38394],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[31,38396,38397],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[31,38399,38400,38401],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[374,38402,38403],{"href":6353},[20,38404,1048],{},[16,38406,276],{},[49,38408,38410],{"className":51,"code":38409,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[20,38411,38412,38432,38442],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38413,38414,38416,38418,38421,38423,38425,38428,38430],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38415,287],{"class":286},[58,38417,290],{"class":77},[58,38419,38420],{"class":991}," float",[58,38422,69],{"class":68},[58,38424,940],{"class":939},[58,38426,38427],{"class":943},"2.75",[58,38429,940],{"class":939},[58,38431,243],{"class":68},[58,38433,38434,38436,38438,38440],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38435,65],{"class":64},[58,38437,69],{"class":68},[58,38439,311],{"class":239},[58,38441,243],{"class":68},[58,38443,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,38445,65],{"class":64},[58,38447,69],{"class":68},[58,38449,1316],{"class":991},[58,38451,69],{"class":68},[58,38453,311],{"class":239},[58,38455,85],{"class":68},[16,38457,132],{},[49,38459,38461],{"className":51,"code":38460,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[20,38462,38463,38468],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38464,38465],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38466,38467],{"class":81},"2.75\n",[58,38469,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38471,1385],{"class":77},[58,38473,1388],{"class":126},[58,38475,1391],{"class":939},[58,38477,260],{"class":943},[58,38479,1396],{"class":939},[58,38481,1399],{"class":77},[44,38483,222],{"id":221},[16,38485,5348],{},[49,38487,38489],{"className":51,"code":38488,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"float(value)\n",[20,38490,38491],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38492,38493,38495,38497,38499],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38494,260],{"class":991},[58,38496,69],{"class":68},[58,38498,553],{"class":239},[58,38500,243],{"class":68},[16,38502,38503,38504,499],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[20,38505,972],{},[16,38507,38508,38509,38511,38512,973],{},"If you call ",[20,38510,972],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[20,38513,1881],{},[49,38515,38517],{"className":51,"code":38516,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float())\n",[20,38518,38519],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38520,38521,38523,38525,38527],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38522,65],{"class":64},[58,38524,69],{"class":68},[58,38526,260],{"class":991},[58,38528,5324],{"class":68},[16,38530,132],{},[49,38532,38534],{"className":51,"code":38533,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0.0\n",[20,38535,38536],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38537,38538],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38539,38533],{"class":81},[16,38541,38542],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[49,38544,38546],{"className":51,"code":38545,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[20,38547,38548,38568],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38549,38550,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38564,38566],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38551,38552],{"class":286},"price ",[58,38554,290],{"class":77},[58,38556,38420],{"class":991},[58,38558,69],{"class":68},[58,38560,940],{"class":939},[58,38562,38563],{"class":943},"19.99",[58,38565,940],{"class":939},[58,38567,243],{"class":68},[58,38569,38570,38572,38574,38576],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38571,65],{"class":64},[58,38573,69],{"class":68},[58,38575,23304],{"class":239},[58,38577,243],{"class":68},[44,38579,38581],{"id":38580},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[16,38583,38584,38586],{},[20,38585,972],{}," can convert several common value types.",[617,38588,38590],{"id":38589},"integers","Integers",[16,38592,38593,38594,38597],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[20,38595,38596],{},".0"," added:",[49,38599,38601],{"className":51,"code":38600,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[20,38602,38603,38617],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38604,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38606,65],{"class":64},[58,38608,69],{"class":68},[58,38610,260],{"class":991},[58,38612,69],{"class":68},[58,38614,200],{"class":81},[58,38616,85],{"class":68},[58,38618,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38620,65],{"class":64},[58,38622,69],{"class":68},[58,38624,260],{"class":991},[58,38626,69],{"class":68},[58,38628,78],{"class":77},[58,38630,117],{"class":81},[58,38632,85],{"class":68},[16,38634,132],{},[49,38636,38638],{"className":51,"code":38637,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[20,38639,38640,38644],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38641,38642],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38643,560],{"class":81},[58,38645,38646,38648],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38647,78],{"class":77},[58,38649,38650],{"class":81},"2.0\n",[617,38652,38654],{"id":38653},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[16,38656,38657],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[49,38659,38661],{"className":51,"code":38660,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[20,38662,38663,38681],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38664,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38666,65],{"class":64},[58,38668,69],{"class":68},[58,38670,260],{"class":991},[58,38672,69],{"class":68},[58,38674,940],{"class":939},[58,38676,38308],{"class":943},[58,38678,940],{"class":939},[58,38680,85],{"class":68},[58,38682,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38684,65],{"class":64},[58,38686,69],{"class":68},[58,38688,260],{"class":991},[58,38690,69],{"class":68},[58,38692,940],{"class":939},[58,38694,408],{"class":943},[58,38696,940],{"class":939},[58,38698,85],{"class":68},[16,38700,132],{},[49,38702,38704],{"className":51,"code":38703,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3.14\n10.0\n",[20,38705,38706,38710],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38707,38708],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38709,38342],{"class":81},[58,38711,38712],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38713,38714],{"class":81},"10.0\n",[617,38716,38718],{"id":38717},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[16,38720,38721],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[49,38723,38725],{"className":51,"code":38724,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[20,38726,38727],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38728,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38742,38744],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38730,65],{"class":64},[58,38732,69],{"class":68},[58,38734,260],{"class":991},[58,38736,69],{"class":68},[58,38738,940],{"class":939},[58,38740,38741],{"class":943},"  8.5  ",[58,38743,940],{"class":939},[58,38745,85],{"class":68},[16,38747,132],{},[49,38749,38751],{"className":51,"code":38750,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"8.5\n",[20,38752,38753],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38754,38755],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38756,38750],{"class":81},[617,38758,38760],{"id":38759},"booleans","Booleans",[16,38762,38763],{},"Boolean values also work:",[49,38765,38767],{"className":51,"code":38766,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[20,38768,38769,38783],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38770,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38772,65],{"class":64},[58,38774,69],{"class":68},[58,38776,260],{"class":991},[58,38778,69],{"class":68},[58,38780,1710],{"class":1966},[58,38782,85],{"class":68},[58,38784,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38786,65],{"class":64},[58,38788,69],{"class":68},[58,38790,260],{"class":991},[58,38792,69],{"class":68},[58,38794,1784],{"class":1966},[58,38796,85],{"class":68},[16,38798,132],{},[49,38800,38802],{"className":51,"code":38801,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1.0\n0.0\n",[20,38803,38804,38808],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38805,38806],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38807,38347],{"class":81},[58,38809,38810],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,38811,38533],{"class":81},[617,38813,38815],{"id":38814},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[16,38817,38818,38819,38821],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[20,38820,972],{}," returns a float version of it:",[49,38823,38825],{"className":51,"code":38824,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(4.2))\n",[20,38826,38827],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38828,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38830,65],{"class":64},[58,38832,69],{"class":68},[58,38834,260],{"class":991},[58,38836,69],{"class":68},[58,38838,440],{"class":81},[58,38840,85],{"class":68},[16,38842,132],{},[49,38844,38845],{"className":51,"code":464,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,38846,38847],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38848,38849],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38850,464],{"class":81},[44,38852,38854],{"id":38853},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[16,38856,38857,38858,499],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[20,38859,972],{},[617,38861,38863],{"id":38862},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[16,38865,38866,38867,973],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[20,38868,38869],{},"ValueError",[49,38871,38873],{"className":51,"code":38872,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[20,38874,38875],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38876,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38878,65],{"class":64},[58,38880,69],{"class":68},[58,38882,260],{"class":991},[58,38884,69],{"class":68},[58,38886,940],{"class":939},[58,38888,1959],{"class":943},[58,38890,940],{"class":939},[58,38892,85],{"class":68},[16,38894,27837],{},[49,38896,38898],{"className":51,"code":38897,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[20,38899,38900],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38901,38902,38904,38906,38909,38911,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38903,38869],{"class":991},[58,38905,973],{"class":68},[58,38907,38908],{"class":286}," could ",[58,38910,2751],{"class":77},[58,38912,38913],{"class":286}," convert string to ",[58,38915,260],{"class":991},[58,38917,973],{"class":68},[58,38919,1391],{"class":939},[58,38921,1959],{"class":943},[58,38923,27856],{"class":939},[16,38925,38926],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[49,38928,38930],{"className":51,"code":38929,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[20,38931,38932],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38933,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38935,65],{"class":64},[58,38937,69],{"class":68},[58,38939,260],{"class":991},[58,38941,69],{"class":68},[58,38943,4399],{"class":939},[58,38945,85],{"class":68},[617,38947,38949],{"id":38948},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[16,38951,38952],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[49,38954,38956],{"className":51,"code":38955,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[20,38957,38958],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38959,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38961,65],{"class":64},[58,38963,69],{"class":68},[58,38965,260],{"class":991},[58,38967,1076],{"class":68},[58,38969,1079],{"class":81},[58,38971,1082],{"class":68},[58,38973,1085],{"class":81},[58,38975,1082],{"class":68},[58,38977,531],{"class":81},[58,38979,1092],{"class":68},[16,38981,27837],{},[49,38983,38985],{"className":51,"code":38984,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[20,38986,38987],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,38988,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,39000,39003,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,38990,1098],{"class":991},[58,38992,973],{"class":68},[58,38994,38420],{"class":991},[58,38996,5496],{"class":68},[58,38998,38999],{"class":286}," argument must be a string ",[58,39001,39002],{"class":77},"or",[58,39004,39005],{"class":286}," a real number",[58,39007,1082],{"class":68},[58,39009,6233],{"class":77},[58,39011,1391],{"class":939},[58,39013,6227],{"class":943},[58,39015,27856],{"class":939},[617,39017,39019],{"id":39018},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[16,39021,39022],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[49,39024,39026],{"className":51,"code":39025,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[20,39027,39028],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39029,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39043,39045],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39031,65],{"class":64},[58,39033,69],{"class":68},[58,39035,260],{"class":991},[58,39037,69],{"class":68},[58,39039,940],{"class":939},[58,39041,39042],{"class":943},"3,14",[58,39044,940],{"class":939},[58,39046,85],{"class":68},[16,39048,1095,39049,499],{},[20,39050,38869],{},[16,39052,39053,39054,2512,39058,499],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[374,39055,39057],{"href":39056},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[374,39059,39061],{"href":39060},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[44,39063,15569],{"id":15568},[16,39065,39066,39068],{},[20,39067,972],{}," returns a new float value.",[16,39070,39071,39072,39074],{},"It does ",[1855,39073,2751],{}," change the original value in place.",[16,39076,276],{},[49,39078,39080],{"className":51,"code":39079,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[20,39081,39082,39095,39109,39113,39123,39133,39147],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39083,39084,39086,39088,39090,39093],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39085,32847],{"class":286},[58,39087,290],{"class":77},[58,39089,1450],{"class":939},[58,39091,39092],{"class":943},"6.5",[58,39094,1456],{"class":939},[58,39096,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39098,287],{"class":286},[58,39100,290],{"class":77},[58,39102,38420],{"class":991},[58,39104,69],{"class":68},[58,39106,32868],{"class":239},[58,39108,243],{"class":68},[58,39110,39111],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39112,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39114,39115,39117,39119,39121],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39116,65],{"class":64},[58,39118,69],{"class":68},[58,39120,32868],{"class":239},[58,39122,243],{"class":68},[58,39124,39125,39127,39129,39131],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,39126,65],{"class":64},[58,39128,69],{"class":68},[58,39130,311],{"class":239},[58,39132,243],{"class":68},[58,39134,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,39136,65],{"class":64},[58,39138,69],{"class":68},[58,39140,1316],{"class":991},[58,39142,69],{"class":68},[58,39144,32868],{"class":239},[58,39146,85],{"class":68},[58,39148,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,39150,65],{"class":64},[58,39152,69],{"class":68},[58,39154,1316],{"class":991},[58,39156,69],{"class":68},[58,39158,311],{"class":239},[58,39160,85],{"class":68},[16,39162,132],{},[49,39164,39166],{"className":51,"code":39165,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[20,39167,39168,39173,39177,39191],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39169,39170],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39171,39172],{"class":81},"6.5\n",[58,39174,39175],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39176,39172],{"class":81},[58,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39180,1385],{"class":77},[58,39182,1388],{"class":126},[58,39184,1391],{"class":939},[58,39186,1542],{"class":943},[58,39188,1396],{"class":939},[58,39190,1399],{"class":77},[58,39192,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39194,1385],{"class":77},[58,39196,1388],{"class":126},[58,39198,1391],{"class":939},[58,39200,260],{"class":943},[58,39202,1396],{"class":939},[58,39204,1399],{"class":77},[16,39206,39207],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[44,39209,39211],{"id":39210},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[617,39213,39215,39216,39218],{"id":39214},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[20,39217,1048],{}," text into a decimal number",[16,39220,18,39221,39225,39226,499],{},[374,39222,39223,380],{"href":6353},[20,39224,1048],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[20,39227,972],{},[49,39229,39231],{"className":51,"code":39230,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[20,39232,39233,39252,39266,39270],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39234,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39248,39250],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39236,6371],{"class":286},[58,39238,290],{"class":77},[58,39240,6376],{"class":64},[58,39242,69],{"class":68},[58,39244,940],{"class":939},[58,39246,39247],{"class":943},"Enter a price: ",[58,39249,940],{"class":939},[58,39251,243],{"class":68},[58,39253,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39255,38552],{"class":286},[58,39257,290],{"class":77},[58,39259,38420],{"class":991},[58,39261,69],{"class":68},[58,39263,6400],{"class":239},[58,39265,243],{"class":68},[58,39267,39268],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39269,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39271,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39273,65],{"class":64},[58,39275,69],{"class":68},[58,39277,38552],{"class":239},[58,39279,38037],{"class":77},[58,39281,1085],{"class":81},[58,39283,243],{"class":68},[16,39285,39286,39287,39290],{},"If the user enters ",[20,39288,39289],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[49,39292,39294],{"className":51,"code":39293,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"9.0\n",[20,39295,39296],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39297,39298],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39299,39293],{"class":81},[16,39301,39302,39303,499],{},"For more help with this, see ",[374,39304,7118],{"href":7117},[617,39306,39308],{"id":39307},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[49,39310,39312],{"className":51,"code":39311,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[20,39313,39314,39327,39340,39344,39369],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39315,39316,39318,39320,39322,39325],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39317,637],{"class":286},[58,39319,290],{"class":77},[58,39321,1450],{"class":939},[58,39323,39324],{"class":943},"2.5",[58,39326,1456],{"class":939},[58,39328,39329,39331,39333,39335,39338],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39330,665],{"class":286},[58,39332,290],{"class":77},[58,39334,1450],{"class":939},[58,39336,39337],{"class":943},"1.5",[58,39339,1456],{"class":939},[58,39341,39342],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39343,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39345,39346,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39347,39348],{"class":286},"total ",[58,39350,290],{"class":77},[58,39352,38420],{"class":991},[58,39354,69],{"class":68},[58,39356,374],{"class":239},[58,39358,1770],{"class":68},[58,39360,534],{"class":77},[58,39362,38420],{"class":991},[58,39364,69],{"class":68},[58,39366,2882],{"class":239},[58,39368,243],{"class":68},[58,39370,39371,39373,39375,39378],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,39372,65],{"class":64},[58,39374,69],{"class":68},[58,39376,39377],{"class":239},"total",[58,39379,243],{"class":68},[16,39381,132],{},[49,39383,39385],{"className":51,"code":39384,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"4.0\n",[20,39386,39387],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39388,39389],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39390,39384],{"class":81},[617,39392,39394],{"id":39393},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[16,39396,39397],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[49,39399,39401],{"className":51,"code":39400,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,39402,39403,39413,39428,39432],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39404,39405,39408,39410],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39406,39407],{"class":286},"count ",[58,39409,290],{"class":77},[58,39411,39412],{"class":81}," 7\n",[58,39414,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39426],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39416,301],{"class":286},[58,39418,290],{"class":77},[58,39420,38420],{"class":991},[58,39422,69],{"class":68},[58,39424,39425],{"class":239},"count",[58,39427,243],{"class":68},[58,39429,39430],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39431,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39433,39434,39436,39438,39440],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39435,65],{"class":64},[58,39437,69],{"class":68},[58,39439,340],{"class":239},[58,39441,243],{"class":68},[16,39443,132],{},[49,39445,39447],{"className":51,"code":39446,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"7.0\n",[20,39448,39449],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39450,39451],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39452,39446],{"class":81},[617,39454,39456],{"id":39455},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[16,39458,39459,39460,39462],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[20,39461,972],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[49,39464,39466],{"className":51,"code":39465,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[20,39467,39468,39482,39498,39502],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39469,39470,39473,39475,39477,39480],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39471,39472],{"class":286},"temperature_text ",[58,39474,290],{"class":77},[58,39476,1450],{"class":939},[58,39478,39479],{"class":943},"21.8",[58,39481,1456],{"class":939},[58,39483,39484,39487,39489,39491,39493,39496],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39485,39486],{"class":286},"temperature ",[58,39488,290],{"class":77},[58,39490,38420],{"class":991},[58,39492,69],{"class":68},[58,39494,39495],{"class":239},"temperature_text",[58,39497,243],{"class":68},[58,39499,39500],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39501,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39503,39504,39506,39508,39511],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39505,65],{"class":64},[58,39507,69],{"class":68},[58,39509,39510],{"class":239},"temperature",[58,39512,243],{"class":68},[44,39514,39516],{"id":39515},"special-values","Special values",[16,39518,39519,39521],{},[20,39520,972],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[617,39523,39525],{"id":39524},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[49,39527,39529],{"className":51,"code":39528,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[20,39530,39531],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39532,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39546,39548],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39534,65],{"class":64},[58,39536,69],{"class":68},[58,39538,260],{"class":991},[58,39540,69],{"class":68},[58,39542,940],{"class":939},[58,39544,39545],{"class":943},"inf",[58,39547,940],{"class":939},[58,39549,85],{"class":68},[16,39551,132],{},[49,39553,39555],{"className":51,"code":39554,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"inf\n",[20,39556,39557],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39558,39559],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39560,39554],{"class":286},[617,39562,39564],{"id":39563},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[49,39566,39568],{"className":51,"code":39567,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[20,39569,39570],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39571,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39585,39587],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39573,65],{"class":64},[58,39575,69],{"class":68},[58,39577,260],{"class":991},[58,39579,69],{"class":68},[58,39581,940],{"class":939},[58,39583,39584],{"class":943},"-inf",[58,39586,940],{"class":939},[58,39588,85],{"class":68},[16,39590,132],{},[49,39592,39594],{"className":51,"code":39593,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"-inf\n",[20,39595,39596],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39597,39598,39600],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39599,78],{"class":77},[58,39601,39554],{"class":286},[617,39603,39605],{"id":39604},"not-a-number","Not a number",[49,39607,39609],{"className":51,"code":39608,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[20,39610,39611],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39612,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39626,39628],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39614,65],{"class":64},[58,39616,69],{"class":68},[58,39618,260],{"class":991},[58,39620,69],{"class":68},[58,39622,940],{"class":939},[58,39624,39625],{"class":943},"nan",[58,39627,940],{"class":939},[58,39629,85],{"class":68},[16,39631,132],{},[49,39633,39635],{"className":51,"code":39634,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"nan\n",[20,39636,39637],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39638,39639],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39640,39634],{"class":286},[16,39642,39643],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[28,39645,39646,39651,39656],{},[31,39647,39648,39650],{},[20,39649,39545],{}," means positive infinity",[31,39652,39653,39655],{},[20,39654,39584],{}," means negative infinity",[31,39657,39658,39660],{},[20,39659,39625],{}," means “not a number”",[16,39662,39663,39664,39666],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[20,39665,972],{}," accepts them.",[44,39668,39670],{"id":39669},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[16,39672,39673,39674,39676],{},"The most common problems with ",[20,39675,972],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[617,39678,38869],{"id":39679},"valueerror",[16,39681,13337,39682,39684],{},[20,39683,38869],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[16,39686,39687],{},"Common causes:",[28,39689,39690,39696,39699,39702],{},[31,39691,39692,39693],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[20,39694,39695],{},"\"abc\"",[31,39697,39698],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[31,39700,39701],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[31,39703,2825,39704],{},[374,39705,39706,39708],{"href":6353},[20,39707,1048],{}," returns a string",[16,39710,276],{},[49,39712,39714],{"className":51,"code":39713,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[20,39715,39716,39729],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39717,39718,39720,39722,39724,39727],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39719,526],{"class":286},[58,39721,290],{"class":77},[58,39723,1450],{"class":939},[58,39725,39726],{"class":943},"abc",[58,39728,1456],{"class":939},[58,39730,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39732,65],{"class":64},[58,39734,69],{"class":68},[58,39736,260],{"class":991},[58,39738,69],{"class":68},[58,39740,553],{"class":239},[58,39742,85],{"class":68},[617,39744,1098],{"id":39745},"typeerror",[16,39747,13337,39748,39750],{},[20,39749,1098],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[16,39752,39687],{},[28,39754,39755,39758,39761],{},[31,39756,39757],{},"Passing a list",[31,39759,39760],{},"Passing a dictionary",[31,39762,39763],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[16,39765,276],{},[49,39767,39769],{"className":51,"code":39768,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[20,39770,39771,39796],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39772,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787,39789,39792,39794],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39774,526],{"class":286},[58,39776,290],{"class":77},[58,39778,8630],{"class":68},[58,39780,940],{"class":939},[58,39782,23304],{"class":943},[58,39784,940],{"class":939},[58,39786,973],{"class":68},[58,39788,1450],{"class":939},[58,39790,39791],{"class":943},"9.99",[58,39793,940],{"class":939},[58,39795,7447],{"class":68},[58,39797,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39799,65],{"class":64},[58,39801,69],{"class":68},[58,39803,260],{"class":991},[58,39805,69],{"class":68},[58,39807,553],{"class":239},[58,39809,85],{"class":68},[617,39811,39813],{"id":39812},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[16,39815,39816,39817,39820],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[20,39818,39819],{},"strip()"," can help:",[49,39822,39824],{"className":51,"code":39823,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[20,39825,39826,39839,39854,39858],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39827,39828,39830,39832,39834,39837],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39829,526],{"class":286},[58,39831,290],{"class":77},[58,39833,1450],{"class":939},[58,39835,39836],{"class":943},"  7.25  ",[58,39838,1456],{"class":939},[58,39840,39841,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39842,39843],{"class":286},"clean_value ",[58,39845,290],{"class":77},[58,39847,6568],{"class":286},[58,39849,499],{"class":68},[58,39851,6770],{"class":239},[58,39853,6779],{"class":68},[58,39855,39856],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39857,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39859,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39871],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39861,65],{"class":64},[58,39863,69],{"class":68},[58,39865,260],{"class":991},[58,39867,69],{"class":68},[58,39869,39870],{"class":239},"clean_value",[58,39872,85],{"class":68},[16,39874,132],{},[49,39876,39878],{"className":51,"code":39877,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"7.25\n",[20,39879,39880],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39881,39882],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39883,39877],{"class":81},[617,39885,39887],{"id":39886},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[16,39889,39890],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[49,39892,39894],{"className":51,"code":39893,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[20,39895,39896,39909,39913,39923,39937,39952,39956,39970],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,39897,39898,39900,39902,39904,39907],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,39899,526],{"class":286},[58,39901,290],{"class":77},[58,39903,1450],{"class":939},[58,39905,39906],{"class":943}," 3.5 ",[58,39908,1456],{"class":939},[58,39910,39911],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,39912,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39914,39915,39917,39919,39921],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,39916,65],{"class":64},[58,39918,69],{"class":68},[58,39920,553],{"class":239},[58,39922,243],{"class":68},[58,39924,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,39926,65],{"class":64},[58,39928,69],{"class":68},[58,39930,1316],{"class":991},[58,39932,69],{"class":68},[58,39934,553],{"class":239},[58,39936,85],{"class":68},[58,39938,39939,39941,39943,39946,39948,39950],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,39940,65],{"class":64},[58,39942,69],{"class":68},[58,39944,39945],{"class":64},"repr",[58,39947,69],{"class":68},[58,39949,553],{"class":239},[58,39951,85],{"class":68},[58,39953,39954],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,39955,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,39957,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,39959,39843],{"class":286},[58,39961,290],{"class":77},[58,39963,6568],{"class":286},[58,39965,499],{"class":68},[58,39967,6770],{"class":239},[58,39969,6779],{"class":68},[58,39971,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,39973,65],{"class":64},[58,39975,69],{"class":68},[58,39977,260],{"class":991},[58,39979,69],{"class":68},[58,39981,39870],{"class":239},[58,39983,85],{"class":68},[16,39985,39986],{},"Why this helps:",[28,39988,39989,39995,40000,40006],{},[31,39990,39991,39994],{},[20,39992,39993],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[31,39996,39997,19520],{},[20,39998,39999],{},"print(type(value))",[31,40001,40002,40005],{},[20,40003,40004],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[31,40007,40008,40010],{},[20,40009,39819],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[617,40012,40014],{"id":40013},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[16,40016,40017],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[49,40019,40021],{"className":51,"code":40020,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[20,40022,40023,40042,40046,40052,40067,40086,40095],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40024,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033,40035,40038,40040],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40026,526],{"class":286},[58,40028,290],{"class":77},[58,40030,6376],{"class":64},[58,40032,69],{"class":68},[58,40034,940],{"class":939},[58,40036,40037],{"class":943},"Enter a number: ",[58,40039,940],{"class":939},[58,40041,243],{"class":68},[58,40043,40044],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,40045,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,40047,40048,40050],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,40049,27960],{"class":1991},[58,40051,4521],{"class":68},[58,40053,40054,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,40055,40056],{"class":286},"    number ",[58,40058,290],{"class":77},[58,40060,38420],{"class":991},[58,40062,69],{"class":68},[58,40064,553],{"class":239},[58,40066,243],{"class":68},[58,40068,40069,40071,40073,40075,40078,40080,40082,40084],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,40070,6202],{"class":64},[58,40072,69],{"class":68},[58,40074,940],{"class":939},[58,40076,40077],{"class":943},"Converted:",[58,40079,940],{"class":939},[58,40081,1082],{"class":68},[58,40083,265],{"class":239},[58,40085,243],{"class":68},[58,40087,40088,40090,40093],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,40089,27991],{"class":1991},[58,40091,40092],{"class":991}," ValueError",[58,40094,4521],{"class":68},[58,40096,40097,40099,40101,40103,40106,40108],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,40098,6202],{"class":64},[58,40100,69],{"class":68},[58,40102,940],{"class":939},[58,40104,40105],{"class":943},"That is not a valid number.",[58,40107,940],{"class":939},[58,40109,243],{"class":68},[16,40111,40112,40113,499],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[374,40114,39061],{"href":39060},[44,40116,40118],{"id":40117},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[16,40120,8730,40121,2512,40123,40125],{},[20,40122,972],{},[20,40124,965],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[16,40127,40128,40130],{},[20,40129,972],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[49,40132,40134],{"className":51,"code":40133,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[20,40135,40136],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40137,40138,40140,40142,40144,40146,40148,40151,40153],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40139,65],{"class":64},[58,40141,69],{"class":68},[58,40143,260],{"class":991},[58,40145,69],{"class":68},[58,40147,940],{"class":939},[58,40149,40150],{"class":943},"3.9",[58,40152,940],{"class":939},[58,40154,85],{"class":68},[16,40156,132],{},[49,40158,40160],{"className":51,"code":40159,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3.9\n",[20,40161,40162],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40163,40164],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40165,40159],{"class":81},[16,40167,40168,40170],{},[20,40169,965],{}," creates whole numbers:",[49,40172,40174],{"className":51,"code":40173,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[20,40175,40176],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40177,40178,40180,40182,40184,40186,40188,40190,40192],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40179,65],{"class":64},[58,40181,69],{"class":68},[58,40183,256],{"class":991},[58,40185,69],{"class":68},[58,40187,940],{"class":939},[58,40189,408],{"class":943},[58,40191,940],{"class":939},[58,40193,85],{"class":68},[16,40195,132],{},[49,40197,40198],{"className":51,"code":454,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,40199,40200],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40201,40202],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40203,454],{"class":81},[16,40205,40206,40207,40210],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[20,40208,40209],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[49,40212,40214],{"className":51,"code":40213,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[20,40215,40216],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40217,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226,40228,40230,40232],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40219,65],{"class":64},[58,40221,69],{"class":68},[58,40223,256],{"class":991},[58,40225,69],{"class":68},[58,40227,940],{"class":939},[58,40229,40150],{"class":943},[58,40231,940],{"class":939},[58,40233,85],{"class":68},[16,40235,1095,40236,6737,40238,40241],{},[20,40237,38869],{},[20,40239,40240],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[16,40243,8853],{},[28,40245,40246,40252],{},[31,40247,40248,40251],{},[20,40249,40250],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[31,40253,40254,40256],{},[20,40255,40209],{}," fails",[16,40258,40259,40260,40263,40264,40266],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[374,40261,40262],{"href":962},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[374,40265,498],{"href":497}," helpful.",[44,40268,1555],{"id":1554},[617,40270,40272],{"id":40271},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[16,40274,40275,40276,966,40278,499],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[20,40277,572],{},[20,40279,38308],{},[617,40281,40283],{"id":40282},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[16,40285,40286,40287,966,40290,499],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[20,40288,40289],{},"\"2.5\"",[20,40291,40292],{},"\"10\"",[617,40294,40296],{"id":40295},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[16,40298,27217,40299,40301,40302,499],{},[20,40300,39695],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[20,40303,38869],{},[617,40305,40307],{"id":40306},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[16,40309,3271,40310,499],{},[20,40311,1881],{},[617,40313,40315],{"id":40314},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[16,40317,40318,40319,40321,40322,2512,40325,40321,40327,499],{},"Yes. ",[20,40320,1710],{}," becomes ",[20,40323,40324],{},"1.0",[20,40326,1784],{},[20,40328,1881],{},[44,40330,1603],{"id":1602},[28,40332,40333,40337,40343,40348,40352,40356],{},[31,40334,40335],{},[374,40336,40262],{"href":962},[31,40338,40339],{},[374,40340,40342],{"href":40341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[31,40344,40345],{},[374,40346,40347],{"href":39056},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[31,40349,40350],{},[374,40351,7195],{"href":7117},[31,40353,40354],{},[374,40355,39061],{"href":39060},[31,40357,40358],{},[374,40359,40360],{"href":6353},"Python input() Function Explained",[1635,40362,40363],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":40365},[40366,40367,40368,40369,40376,40381,40382,40389,40394,40401,40402,40409],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":38355,"depth":88,"text":38356},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":38580,"depth":88,"text":38581,"children":40370},[40371,40372,40373,40374,40375],{"id":38589,"depth":104,"text":38590},{"id":38653,"depth":104,"text":38654},{"id":38717,"depth":104,"text":38718},{"id":38759,"depth":104,"text":38760},{"id":38814,"depth":104,"text":38815},{"id":38853,"depth":88,"text":38854,"children":40377},[40378,40379,40380],{"id":38862,"depth":104,"text":38863},{"id":38948,"depth":104,"text":38949},{"id":39018,"depth":104,"text":39019},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":39210,"depth":88,"text":39211,"children":40383},[40384,40386,40387,40388],{"id":39214,"depth":104,"text":40385},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":39307,"depth":104,"text":39308},{"id":39393,"depth":104,"text":39394},{"id":39455,"depth":104,"text":39456},{"id":39515,"depth":88,"text":39516,"children":40390},[40391,40392,40393],{"id":39524,"depth":104,"text":39525},{"id":39563,"depth":104,"text":39564},{"id":39604,"depth":104,"text":39605},{"id":39669,"depth":88,"text":39670,"children":40395},[40396,40397,40398,40399,40400],{"id":39679,"depth":104,"text":38869},{"id":39745,"depth":104,"text":1098},{"id":39812,"depth":104,"text":39813},{"id":39886,"depth":104,"text":39887},{"id":40013,"depth":104,"text":40014},{"id":40117,"depth":88,"text":40118},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":40403},[40404,40405,40406,40407,40408],{"id":40271,"depth":104,"text":40272},{"id":40282,"depth":104,"text":40283},{"id":40295,"depth":104,"text":40296},{"id":40306,"depth":104,"text":40307},{"id":40314,"depth":104,"text":40315},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":38256,"description":40410},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":40417,"title":40418,"body":40419,"description":41640,"extension":1667,"meta":41641,"navigation":318,"path":33184,"seo":41642,"stem":41643,"__hash__":41644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":40420,"toc":41606},[40421,40424,40429,40432,40434,40473,40487,40491,40496,40499,40516,40519,40529,40544,40547,40549,40552,40568,40571,40574,40594,40598,40609,40612,40616,40620,40634,40669,40673,40684,40719,40722,40724,40732,40765,40781,40783,40793,40814,40825,40827,40832,40835,40849,40851,40870,40873,40886,40889,40893,40897,40911,40914,40932,40935,40950,40954,40959,40973,40979,40981,41038,41040,41073,41076,41092,41096,41103,41107,41112,41115,41126,41130,41135,41150,41159,41164,41183,41186,41198,41200,41205,41215,41218,41247,41252,41261,41265,41270,41273,41277,41282,41284,41314,41317,41324,41329,41334,41338,41341,41349,41352,41430,41433,41455,41457,41461,41464,41468,41474,41537,41541,41549,41553,41556,41558,41583,41603],[12,40422,40418],{"id":40423},"python-help-function-explained",[16,40425,1688,40426,40428],{},[20,40427,33187],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[16,40430,40431],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[44,40433,47],{"id":46},[49,40435,40437],{"className":51,"code":40436,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[20,40438,40439,40449,40459],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40440,40441,40443,40445,40447],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40442,30310],{"class":64},[58,40444,69],{"class":68},[58,40446,9303],{"class":64},[58,40448,243],{"class":68},[58,40450,40451,40453,40455,40457],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,40452,30310],{"class":64},[58,40454,69],{"class":68},[58,40456,1542],{"class":991},[58,40458,243],{"class":68},[58,40460,40461,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,40462,30310],{"class":64},[58,40464,69],{"class":68},[58,40466,1396],{"class":939},[58,40468,32818],{"class":943},[58,40470,1396],{"class":939},[58,40472,243],{"class":68},[16,40474,155,40475,40477,40478,966,40480,40482,40483,40486],{},[20,40476,33187],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[20,40479,9303],{},[20,40481,1542],{},", or use a string such as ",[20,40484,40485],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[44,40488,40490],{"id":40489},"what-help-does","What help() does",[16,40492,40493,40495],{},[20,40494,33187],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[16,40497,40498],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[28,40500,40501,40504,40507,40510,40513],{},[31,40502,40503],{},"Functions",[31,40505,40506],{},"Classes",[31,40508,40509],{},"Methods",[31,40511,40512],{},"Modules",[31,40514,40515],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[16,40517,40518],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[16,40520,40521,40522,40528],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[374,40523,40525],{"href":40524},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[20,40526,40527],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[49,40530,40532],{"className":51,"code":40531,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(len)\n",[20,40533,40534],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40535,40536,40538,40540,40542],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40537,30310],{"class":64},[58,40539,69],{"class":68},[58,40541,9303],{"class":64},[58,40543,243],{"class":68},[16,40545,40546],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[44,40548,222],{"id":221},[16,40550,40551],{},"The main form is:",[49,40553,40555],{"className":51,"code":40554,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(object)\n",[20,40556,40557],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40558,40559,40561,40563,40566],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40560,30310],{"class":64},[58,40562,69],{"class":68},[58,40564,40565],{"class":991},"object",[58,40567,243],{"class":68},[16,40569,40570],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[16,40572,40573],{},"Common examples include:",[28,40575,40576,40580,40585,40589],{},[31,40577,40578],{},[20,40579,9303],{},[31,40581,40582],{},[20,40583,40584],{},"list.append",[31,40586,40587],{},[20,40588,1542],{},[31,40590,40591],{},[20,40592,40593],{},"open",[16,40595,5305,40596,5308],{},[20,40597,33187],{},[49,40599,40601],{"className":51,"code":40600,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help()\n",[20,40602,40603],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40604,40605,40607],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40606,30310],{"class":64},[58,40608,6779],{"class":68},[16,40610,40611],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[44,40613,40615],{"id":40614},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[617,40617,40619],{"id":40618},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[16,40621,40622,40623,257,40625,257,40627,15222,40630,499],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[20,40624,9303],{},[20,40626,65],{},[20,40628,40629],{},"input",[374,40631,40632],{"href":376},[20,40633,379],{},[49,40635,40637],{"className":51,"code":40636,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[20,40638,40639,40649,40659],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40640,40641,40643,40645,40647],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40642,30310],{"class":64},[58,40644,69],{"class":68},[58,40646,65],{"class":64},[58,40648,243],{"class":68},[58,40650,40651,40653,40655,40657],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,40652,30310],{"class":64},[58,40654,69],{"class":68},[58,40656,40629],{"class":64},[58,40658,243],{"class":68},[58,40660,40661,40663,40665,40667],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,40662,30310],{"class":64},[58,40664,69],{"class":68},[58,40666,1316],{"class":991},[58,40668,243],{"class":68},[617,40670,40672],{"id":40671},"data-types","Data types",[16,40674,40675,40676,257,40678,257,40680,15222,40682,499],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[20,40677,1542],{},[20,40679,6227],{},[20,40681,6958],{},[20,40683,4414],{},[49,40685,40687],{"className":51,"code":40686,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[20,40688,40689,40699,40709],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40690,40691,40693,40695,40697],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40692,30310],{"class":64},[58,40694,69],{"class":68},[58,40696,1542],{"class":991},[58,40698,243],{"class":68},[58,40700,40701,40703,40705,40707],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,40702,30310],{"class":64},[58,40704,69],{"class":68},[58,40706,6227],{"class":991},[58,40708,243],{"class":68},[58,40710,40711,40713,40715,40717],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,40712,30310],{"class":64},[58,40714,69],{"class":68},[58,40716,6958],{"class":991},[58,40718,243],{"class":68},[16,40720,40721],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[617,40723,40509],{"id":32665},[16,40725,40726,40727,2512,40730,499],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[20,40728,40729],{},"str.split",[20,40731,40584],{},[49,40733,40735],{"className":51,"code":40734,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[20,40736,40737,40751],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40738,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747,40749],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40740,30310],{"class":64},[58,40742,69],{"class":68},[58,40744,1542],{"class":991},[58,40746,499],{"class":68},[58,40748,32628],{"class":22904},[58,40750,243],{"class":68},[58,40752,40753,40755,40757,40759,40761,40763],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,40754,30310],{"class":64},[58,40756,69],{"class":68},[58,40758,6227],{"class":991},[58,40760,499],{"class":68},[58,40762,11700],{"class":22904},[58,40764,243],{"class":68},[16,40766,40767,40768,6841,40770,26469,40775,40777,40778,40780],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[20,40769,33187],{},[374,40771,40773],{"href":40772},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[20,40774,32470],{},[20,40776,32470],{}," shows available names, while ",[20,40779,33187],{}," explains one of them.",[617,40782,40512],{"id":32818},[16,40784,40785,40786,257,40788,15222,40790,499],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[20,40787,16568],{},[20,40789,33350],{},[20,40791,40792],{},"os",[49,40794,40796],{"className":51,"code":40795,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[20,40797,40798,40804],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40799,40800,40802],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40801,33251],{"class":1991},[58,40803,33254],{"class":286},[58,40805,40806,40808,40810,40812],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,40807,30310],{"class":64},[58,40809,69],{"class":68},[58,40811,16568],{"class":239},[58,40813,243],{"class":68},[16,40815,40816,40817,40821,40822,499],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[374,40818,40820],{"href":40819},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[374,40823,33317],{"href":40824},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[44,40826,33078],{"id":33077},[16,40828,40829,40831],{},[20,40830,33187],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[16,40833,40834],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[28,40836,40837,40840,40843,40846],{},[31,40838,40839],{},"The function signature",[31,40841,40842],{},"The short description",[31,40844,40845],{},"Parameter names",[31,40847,40848],{},"Return value details, when shown",[16,40850,3597],{},[49,40852,40854],{"className":51,"code":40853,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(str.split)\n",[20,40855,40856],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40857,40858,40860,40862,40864,40866,40868],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40859,30310],{"class":64},[58,40861,69],{"class":68},[58,40863,1542],{"class":991},[58,40865,499],{"class":68},[58,40867,32628],{"class":22904},[58,40869,243],{"class":68},[16,40871,40872],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[28,40874,40875,40878,40881,40883],{},[31,40876,40877],{},"What object this is",[31,40879,40880],{},"What arguments it accepts",[31,40882,20123],{},[31,40884,40885],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[16,40887,40888],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[44,40890,40892],{"id":40891},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[16,40894,40895,28030],{},[20,40896,33187],{},[28,40898,40899,40902,40905,40908],{},[31,40900,40901],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[31,40903,40904],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[31,40906,40907],{},"You are exploring a new module",[31,40909,40910],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[16,40912,40913],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[49,40915,40916],{"className":51,"code":40853,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,40917,40918],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40919,40920,40922,40924,40926,40928,40930],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40921,30310],{"class":64},[58,40923,69],{"class":68},[58,40925,1542],{"class":991},[58,40927,499],{"class":68},[58,40929,32628],{"class":22904},[58,40931,243],{"class":68},[16,40933,40934],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[49,40936,40938],{"className":51,"code":40937,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(open)\n",[20,40939,40940],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40941,40942,40944,40946,40948],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40943,30310],{"class":64},[58,40945,69],{"class":68},[58,40947,40593],{"class":64},[58,40949,243],{"class":68},[44,40951,40953],{"id":40952},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[16,40955,40956,40958],{},[20,40957,33187],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[28,40960,40961,40964,40967,40970],{},[31,40962,40963],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[31,40965,40966],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[31,40968,40969],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[31,40971,40972],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[16,40974,40975,40976,40978],{},"So, ",[20,40977,33187],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[16,40980,3597],{},[49,40982,40984],{"className":51,"code":40983,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[20,40985,40986,40999,41023,41027],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,40987,40988,40990,40992,40994,40997],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,40989,32847],{"class":286},[58,40991,290],{"class":77},[58,40993,1450],{"class":939},[58,40995,40996],{"class":943},"a,b,c",[58,40998,1456],{"class":939},[58,41000,41001,41004,41006,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019,41021],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41002,41003],{"class":286},"parts ",[58,41005,290],{"class":77},[58,41007,41008],{"class":286}," text",[58,41010,499],{"class":68},[58,41012,32628],{"class":239},[58,41014,69],{"class":68},[58,41016,940],{"class":939},[58,41018,1082],{"class":943},[58,41020,940],{"class":939},[58,41022,243],{"class":68},[58,41024,41025],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,41026,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,41028,41029,41031,41033,41036],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,41030,65],{"class":64},[58,41032,69],{"class":68},[58,41034,41035],{"class":239},"parts",[58,41037,243],{"class":68},[16,41039,3685],{},[49,41041,41043],{"className":51,"code":41042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,41044,41045],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41046,41047,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057,41059,41061,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41048,2016],{"class":68},[58,41050,1396],{"class":939},[58,41052,374],{"class":943},[58,41054,1396],{"class":939},[58,41056,1082],{"class":68},[58,41058,1391],{"class":939},[58,41060,2882],{"class":943},[58,41062,1396],{"class":939},[58,41064,1082],{"class":68},[58,41066,1391],{"class":939},[58,41068,7878],{"class":943},[58,41070,1396],{"class":939},[58,41072,1743],{"class":68},[16,41074,41075],{},"A good workflow is:",[26869,41077,41078,41083,41086,41089],{},[31,41079,155,41080,41082],{},[20,41081,33187],{}," to inspect something",[31,41084,41085],{},"Write a tiny example",[31,41087,41088],{},"Check the result",[31,41090,41091],{},"Repeat",[44,41093,41095],{"id":41094},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[16,41097,41098,2512,41100,41102],{},[20,41099,33187],{},[20,41101,32470],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[617,41104,41105],{"id":30310},[20,41106,33187],{},[16,41108,155,41109,41111],{},[20,41110,33187],{}," when you want an explanation.",[16,41113,41114],{},"It tells you:",[28,41116,41117,41120,41123],{},[31,41118,41119],{},"What something is",[31,41121,41122],{},"How to use it",[31,41124,41125],{},"What parameters it accepts",[617,41127,41128],{"id":32531},[20,41129,32470],{},[16,41131,155,41132,41134],{},[20,41133,32470],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[49,41136,41138],{"className":51,"code":41137,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dir(str)\n",[20,41139,41140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41141,41142,41144,41146,41148],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41143,32531],{"class":64},[58,41145,69],{"class":68},[58,41147,1542],{"class":991},[58,41149,243],{"class":68},[16,41151,41152,41153,257,41155,15222,41157,499],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[20,41154,32628],{},[20,41156,6770],{},[20,41158,6776],{},[16,41160,41161,41162,973],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[20,41163,33187],{},[49,41165,41167],{"className":51,"code":41166,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(str.lower)\n",[20,41168,41169],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41170,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179,41181],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41172,30310],{"class":64},[58,41174,69],{"class":68},[58,41176,1542],{"class":991},[58,41178,499],{"class":68},[58,41180,6776],{"class":22904},[58,41182,243],{"class":68},[16,41184,41185],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[28,41187,41188,41193],{},[31,41189,155,41190,41192],{},[20,41191,32470],{}," to discover options",[31,41194,155,41195,41197],{},[20,41196,33187],{}," to understand one option",[44,41199,914],{"id":913},[16,41201,41202,41203,499],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[20,41204,33187],{},[617,41206,6552,41208,41211,41212],{"id":41207},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[20,41209,41210],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[20,41213,41214],{},"help(len)",[16,41216,41217],{},"These are not always the same.",[49,41219,41221],{"className":51,"code":41220,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[20,41222,41223,41233],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41224,41225,41227,41229,41231],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41226,30310],{"class":64},[58,41228,69],{"class":68},[58,41230,9303],{"class":64},[58,41232,243],{"class":68},[58,41234,41235,41237,41239,41241,41243,41245],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41236,30310],{"class":64},[58,41238,69],{"class":68},[58,41240,1396],{"class":939},[58,41242,9303],{"class":943},[58,41244,1396],{"class":939},[58,41246,243],{"class":68},[16,41248,41249,41251],{},[20,41250,41214],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[16,41253,41254,41256,41257,41260],{},[20,41255,41210],{}," treats ",[20,41258,41259],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[617,41262,41264],{"id":41263},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[16,41266,41267,41269],{},[20,41268,33187],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[16,41271,41272],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[617,41274,41276],{"id":41275},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[16,41278,38508,41279,41281],{},[20,41280,33187],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[16,41283,276],{},[49,41285,41287],{"className":51,"code":41286,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[20,41288,41289,41299],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41290,41291,41293,41295,41297],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41292,30310],{"class":64},[58,41294,69],{"class":68},[58,41296,9303],{"class":64},[58,41298,243],{"class":68},[58,41300,41301,41303,41305,41307,41310,41312],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41302,65],{"class":64},[58,41304,69],{"class":68},[58,41306,940],{"class":939},[58,41308,41309],{"class":943},"Done",[58,41311,940],{"class":939},[58,41313,243],{"class":68},[16,41315,41316],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[617,41318,35367,41320,6841,41322],{"id":41319},"confusing-help-with-dir",[20,41321,33187],{},[20,41323,32470],{},[16,41325,41326,41327,499],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[20,41328,32470],{},[16,41330,41331,41332,499],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[20,41333,33187],{},[44,41335,41337],{"id":41336},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[16,41339,41340],{},"Open Python:",[49,41342,41343],{"className":51,"code":33703,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,41344,41345],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41346,41347],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41348,33703],{"class":286},[16,41350,41351],{},"Then test these commands:",[49,41353,41355],{"className":51,"code":41354,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[20,41356,41357,41367,41381,41395,41405,41420],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41358,41359,41361,41363,41365],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41360,30310],{"class":64},[58,41362,69],{"class":68},[58,41364,9303],{"class":64},[58,41366,243],{"class":68},[58,41368,41369,41371,41373,41375,41377,41379],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41370,30310],{"class":64},[58,41372,69],{"class":68},[58,41374,1542],{"class":991},[58,41376,499],{"class":68},[58,41378,32628],{"class":22904},[58,41380,243],{"class":68},[58,41382,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391,41393],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,41384,30310],{"class":64},[58,41386,69],{"class":68},[58,41388,6227],{"class":991},[58,41390,499],{"class":68},[58,41392,11700],{"class":22904},[58,41394,243],{"class":68},[58,41396,41397,41399,41401,41403],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,41398,30310],{"class":64},[58,41400,69],{"class":68},[58,41402,40593],{"class":64},[58,41404,243],{"class":68},[58,41406,41407,41409,41411,41413,41416,41418],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,41408,30310],{"class":64},[58,41410,69],{"class":68},[58,41412,1396],{"class":939},[58,41414,41415],{"class":943},"keywords",[58,41417,1396],{"class":939},[58,41419,243],{"class":68},[58,41421,41422,41424,41426,41428],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,41423,32531],{"class":64},[58,41425,69],{"class":68},[58,41427,1542],{"class":991},[58,41429,243],{"class":68},[16,41431,41432],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[28,41434,41435,41438,41441,41444,41447,41450],{},[31,41436,41437],{},"A built-in function",[31,41439,41440],{},"A string method",[31,41442,41443],{},"A list method",[31,41445,41446],{},"A built-in file function",[31,41448,41449],{},"A special help topic",[31,41451,13337,41452,41454],{},[20,41453,32470],{}," example for comparison",[44,41456,1555],{"id":1554},[617,41458,41460],{"id":41459},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[16,41462,41463],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[617,41465,41467],{"id":41466},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[16,41469,41470,41471,41473],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[20,41472,33187],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[49,41475,41477],{"className":51,"code":41476,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[20,41478,41479,41491,41504,41523,41527],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41480,41481,41483,41485,41487,41489],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41482,33011],{"class":126},[58,41484,33015],{"class":33014},[58,41486,69],{"class":68},[58,41488,5799],{"class":35826},[58,41490,6476],{"class":68},[58,41492,41493,41497,41501],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41494,41496],{"class":41495},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[58,41498,41500],{"class":41499},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[58,41502,41503],{"class":41495},"\"\"\"\n",[58,41505,41506,41508,41511,41514,41516,41518,41520],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,41507,33022],{"class":1991},[58,41509,41510],{"class":126}," f",[58,41512,41513],{"class":943},"\"Hello, ",[58,41515,7416],{"class":81},[58,41517,5799],{"class":286},[58,41519,20456],{"class":81},[58,41521,41522],{"class":943},"!\"\n",[58,41524,41525],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,41526,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,41528,41529,41531,41533,41535],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,41530,30310],{"class":64},[58,41532,69],{"class":68},[58,41534,33057],{"class":239},[58,41536,243],{"class":68},[617,41538,41540],{"id":41539},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[16,41542,41543,41545,41546,41548],{},[20,41544,41214],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[20,41547,41210],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[617,41550,41552],{"id":41551},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[16,41554,41555],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[44,41557,1603],{"id":1602},[28,41559,41560,41565,41569,41574,41579],{},[31,41561,41562],{},[374,41563,41564],{"href":40772},"Python dir() function explained",[31,41566,41567],{},[374,41568,6577],{"href":376},[31,41570,41571],{},[374,41572,41573],{"href":40524},"Python len() function explained",[31,41575,41576],{},[374,41577,41578],{"href":40819},"How import works in Python",[31,41580,41581],{},[374,41582,33317],{"href":40824},[16,41584,41585,41586,41588,41589,257,41591,15222,41593,41595,41596,966,41599,41602],{},"Try ",[20,41587,33187],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[20,41590,9303],{},[20,41592,65],{},[20,41594,40629],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[20,41597,41598],{},"dir(str)",[20,41600,41601],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1635,41604,41605],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":41607},[41608,41609,41610,41611,41617,41618,41619,41620,41624,41632,41633,41639],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":40489,"depth":88,"text":40490},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":40614,"depth":88,"text":40615,"children":41612},[41613,41614,41615,41616],{"id":40618,"depth":104,"text":40619},{"id":40671,"depth":104,"text":40672},{"id":32665,"depth":104,"text":40509},{"id":32818,"depth":104,"text":40512},{"id":33077,"depth":88,"text":33078},{"id":40891,"depth":88,"text":40892},{"id":40952,"depth":88,"text":40953},{"id":41094,"depth":88,"text":41095,"children":41621},[41622,41623],{"id":30310,"depth":104,"text":33187},{"id":32531,"depth":104,"text":32470},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":41625},[41626,41628,41629,41630],{"id":41207,"depth":104,"text":41627},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":41263,"depth":104,"text":41264},{"id":41275,"depth":104,"text":41276},{"id":41319,"depth":104,"text":41631},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":41336,"depth":88,"text":41337},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":41634},[41635,41636,41637,41638],{"id":41459,"depth":104,"text":41460},{"id":41466,"depth":104,"text":41467},{"id":41539,"depth":104,"text":41540},{"id":41551,"depth":104,"text":41552},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":40418,"description":41640},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":41646,"title":41647,"body":41648,"description":43010,"extension":1667,"meta":43011,"navigation":318,"path":43012,"seo":43013,"stem":43014,"__hash__":43015},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":41649,"toc":42983},[41650,41656,41661,41667,41677,41736,41746,41757,41762,41768,41770,41788,41796,41798,41800,41815,41818,41829,41831,41922,41925,41929,41934,41955,41957,42068,42070,42097,42108,42112,42115,42198,42200,42208,42214,42220,42224,42227,42337,42339,42352,42355,42369,42377,42384,42389,42403,42409,42522,42524,42585,42588,42594,42600,42603,42625,42628,42698,42701,42733,42740,42742,42745,42763,42766,42778,42784,42786,42791,42817,42820,42892,42894,42900,42903,42909,42912,42918,42928,42934,42937,42944,42947,42949,42980],[12,41651,1681,41653,1685],{"id":41652},"python-id-function-explained",[20,41654,41655],{},"id()",[16,41657,30475,41658,41660],{},[20,41659,41655],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[16,41662,41663,41664,41666],{},"Beginners usually see ",[20,41665,41655],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[16,41668,155,41669,41671,41672,41674,41675,499],{},[20,41670,41655],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[1855,41673,2751],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[20,41676,2809],{},[49,41678,41680],{"className":51,"code":41679,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[20,41681,41682,41694,41708,41712,41722],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41683,41684,41686,41688,41690,41692],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41685,6009],{"class":286},[58,41687,290],{"class":77},[58,41689,1450],{"class":939},[58,41691,5427],{"class":943},[58,41693,1456],{"class":939},[58,41695,41696,41698,41700,41702,41704,41706],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41697,65],{"class":64},[58,41699,69],{"class":68},[58,41701,10794],{"class":64},[58,41703,69],{"class":68},[58,41705,5799],{"class":239},[58,41707,85],{"class":68},[58,41709,41710],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,41711,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,41713,41714,41717,41719],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,41715,41716],{"class":286},"other ",[58,41718,290],{"class":77},[58,41720,41721],{"class":286}," name\n",[58,41723,41724,41726,41728,41730,41732,41734],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,41725,65],{"class":64},[58,41727,69],{"class":68},[58,41729,10794],{"class":64},[58,41731,69],{"class":68},[58,41733,28900],{"class":239},[58,41735,85],{"class":68},[16,41737,41738,41739,41742,41743,41745],{},"In this example, ",[20,41740,41741],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[20,41744,41655],{}," values match.",[41747,41748,41749],"blockquote",{},[16,41750,155,41751,41753,41754,41756],{},[20,41752,41655],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[20,41755,2809],{}," for value comparison.",[44,41758,1788,41760,1791],{"id":41759},"what-id-does",[20,41761,41655],{},[16,41763,41764,41767],{},[20,41765,41766],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[16,41769,11198],{},[28,41771,41772,41775,41782,41785],{},[31,41773,41774],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[31,41776,41777,41778,41781],{},"It shows ",[1855,41779,41780],{},"object identity",", not object value",[31,41783,41784],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[31,41786,41787],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[16,41789,41790,41791,41795],{},"This is closely related to how ",[374,41792,41794],{"href":41793},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[44,41797,222],{"id":221},[16,41799,3559],{},[49,41801,41803],{"className":51,"code":41802,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"id(object)\n",[20,41804,41805],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41806,41807,41809,41811,41813],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41808,10794],{"class":64},[58,41810,69],{"class":68},[58,41812,40565],{"class":991},[58,41814,243],{"class":68},[16,41816,41817],{},"Important details:",[28,41819,41820,41823,41826],{},[31,41821,41822],{},"It takes one argument",[31,41824,41825],{},"It returns an integer",[31,41827,41828],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[16,41830,276],{},[49,41832,41834],{"className":51,"code":41833,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[20,41835,41836,41848,41856,41876,41880,41894,41908],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41837,41838,41840,41842,41844,41846],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41839,32847],{"class":286},[58,41841,290],{"class":77},[58,41843,1450],{"class":939},[58,41845,1959],{"class":943},[58,41847,1456],{"class":939},[58,41849,41850,41852,41854],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41851,287],{"class":286},[58,41853,290],{"class":77},[58,41855,852],{"class":81},[58,41857,41858,41860,41862,41864,41866,41868,41870,41872,41874],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,41859,5911],{"class":286},[58,41861,290],{"class":77},[58,41863,1730],{"class":68},[58,41865,1079],{"class":81},[58,41867,1082],{"class":68},[58,41869,1085],{"class":81},[58,41871,1082],{"class":68},[58,41873,531],{"class":81},[58,41875,1743],{"class":68},[58,41877,41878],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,41879,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,41881,41882,41884,41886,41888,41890,41892],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,41883,65],{"class":64},[58,41885,69],{"class":68},[58,41887,10794],{"class":64},[58,41889,69],{"class":68},[58,41891,32868],{"class":239},[58,41893,85],{"class":68},[58,41895,41896,41898,41900,41902,41904,41906],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,41897,65],{"class":64},[58,41899,69],{"class":68},[58,41901,10794],{"class":64},[58,41903,69],{"class":68},[58,41905,311],{"class":239},[58,41907,85],{"class":68},[58,41909,41910,41912,41914,41916,41918,41920],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,41911,65],{"class":64},[58,41913,69],{"class":68},[58,41915,10794],{"class":64},[58,41917,69],{"class":68},[58,41919,5942],{"class":239},[58,41921,85],{"class":68},[16,41923,41924],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[44,41926,41928],{"id":41927},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[16,41930,41931,41932,499],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[20,41933,41655],{},[28,41935,41936,41943,41950],{},[31,41937,41938,41940,41941],{},[20,41939,2809],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[1855,41942,553],{},[31,41944,41945,41947,41948],{},[20,41946,10338],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[1855,41949,40565],{},[31,41951,41952,41954],{},[20,41953,41655],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[16,41956,276],{},[49,41958,41960],{"className":51,"code":41959,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[20,41961,41962,41982,42002,42006,42023,42040,42054],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,41963,41964,41966,41968,41970,41972,41974,41976,41978,41980],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,41965,637],{"class":286},[58,41967,290],{"class":77},[58,41969,1730],{"class":68},[58,41971,1079],{"class":81},[58,41973,1082],{"class":68},[58,41975,1085],{"class":81},[58,41977,1082],{"class":68},[58,41979,531],{"class":81},[58,41981,1743],{"class":68},[58,41983,41984,41986,41988,41990,41992,41994,41996,41998,42000],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,41985,665],{"class":286},[58,41987,290],{"class":77},[58,41989,1730],{"class":68},[58,41991,1079],{"class":81},[58,41993,1082],{"class":68},[58,41995,1085],{"class":81},[58,41997,1082],{"class":68},[58,41999,531],{"class":81},[58,42001,1743],{"class":68},[58,42003,42004],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,42005,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,42007,42008,42010,42012,42014,42016,42018,42020],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,42009,65],{"class":64},[58,42011,69],{"class":68},[58,42013,637],{"class":239},[58,42015,2809],{"class":77},[58,42017,642],{"class":239},[58,42019,1770],{"class":68},[58,42021,42022],{"class":1773},"   # True\n",[58,42024,42025,42027,42029,42031,42033,42035,42037],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,42026,65],{"class":64},[58,42028,69],{"class":68},[58,42030,637],{"class":239},[58,42032,10338],{"class":1991},[58,42034,642],{"class":239},[58,42036,1770],{"class":68},[58,42038,42039],{"class":1773},"   # False\n",[58,42041,42042,42044,42046,42048,42050,42052],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,42043,65],{"class":64},[58,42045,69],{"class":68},[58,42047,10794],{"class":64},[58,42049,69],{"class":68},[58,42051,374],{"class":239},[58,42053,85],{"class":68},[58,42055,42056,42058,42060,42062,42064,42066],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,42057,65],{"class":64},[58,42059,69],{"class":68},[58,42061,10794],{"class":64},[58,42063,69],{"class":68},[58,42065,2882],{"class":239},[58,42067,85],{"class":68},[16,42069,246],{},[28,42071,42072,42080,42088],{},[31,42073,42074,2905,42077,42079],{},[20,42075,42076],{},"a == b",[20,42078,1710],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[31,42081,42082,2905,42085,42087],{},[20,42083,42084],{},"a is b",[20,42086,1784],{}," because they are different list objects",[31,42089,42090,2512,42093,42096],{},[20,42091,42092],{},"id(a)",[20,42094,42095],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[16,42098,42099,42100,2512,42104,499],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[374,42101,42103],{"href":42102},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[374,42105,42107],{"href":42106},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[44,42109,42111],{"id":42110},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[16,42113,42114],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[49,42116,42118],{"className":51,"code":42117,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[20,42119,42120,42140,42150,42154,42168,42183],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42121,42122,42124,42126,42128,42130,42132,42134,42136,42138],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42123,1725],{"class":286},[58,42125,290],{"class":77},[58,42127,1730],{"class":68},[58,42129,408],{"class":81},[58,42131,1082],{"class":68},[58,42133,5922],{"class":81},[58,42135,1082],{"class":68},[58,42137,5927],{"class":81},[58,42139,1743],{"class":68},[58,42141,42142,42145,42147],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42143,42144],{"class":286},"other_numbers ",[58,42146,290],{"class":77},[58,42148,42149],{"class":286}," numbers\n",[58,42151,42152],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,42153,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,42155,42156,42158,42160,42162,42164,42166],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,42157,65],{"class":64},[58,42159,69],{"class":68},[58,42161,10794],{"class":64},[58,42163,69],{"class":68},[58,42165,1757],{"class":239},[58,42167,85],{"class":68},[58,42169,42170,42172,42174,42176,42178,42181],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,42171,65],{"class":64},[58,42173,69],{"class":68},[58,42175,10794],{"class":64},[58,42177,69],{"class":68},[58,42179,42180],{"class":239},"other_numbers",[58,42182,85],{"class":68},[58,42184,42185,42187,42189,42191,42193,42196],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,42186,65],{"class":64},[58,42188,69],{"class":68},[58,42190,1725],{"class":239},[58,42192,10338],{"class":1991},[58,42194,42195],{"class":239}," other_numbers",[58,42197,243],{"class":68},[16,42199,3685],{},[49,42201,42202],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,42203,42204],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42205,42206],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42207,2096],{"class":1966},[16,42209,42210,42211,42213],{},"The two ",[20,42212,41655],{}," values will also match.",[16,42215,20342,42216,42219],{},[20,42217,42218],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[44,42221,42223],{"id":42222},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[16,42225,42226],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[49,42228,42230],{"className":51,"code":42229,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[20,42231,42232,42253,42274,42278,42293,42307,42322],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42233,42234,42237,42239,42241,42243,42245,42247,42249,42251],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42235,42236],{"class":286},"list_a ",[58,42238,290],{"class":77},[58,42240,1730],{"class":68},[58,42242,1079],{"class":81},[58,42244,1082],{"class":68},[58,42246,1085],{"class":81},[58,42248,1082],{"class":68},[58,42250,531],{"class":81},[58,42252,1743],{"class":68},[58,42254,42255,42258,42260,42262,42264,42266,42268,42270,42272],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42256,42257],{"class":286},"list_b ",[58,42259,290],{"class":77},[58,42261,1730],{"class":68},[58,42263,1079],{"class":81},[58,42265,1082],{"class":68},[58,42267,1085],{"class":81},[58,42269,1082],{"class":68},[58,42271,531],{"class":81},[58,42273,1743],{"class":68},[58,42275,42276],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,42277,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,42279,42280,42282,42284,42286,42288,42291],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,42281,65],{"class":64},[58,42283,69],{"class":68},[58,42285,42236],{"class":239},[58,42287,2809],{"class":77},[58,42289,42290],{"class":239}," list_b",[58,42292,243],{"class":68},[58,42294,42295,42297,42299,42301,42303,42305],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,42296,65],{"class":64},[58,42298,69],{"class":68},[58,42300,42236],{"class":239},[58,42302,10338],{"class":1991},[58,42304,42290],{"class":239},[58,42306,243],{"class":68},[58,42308,42309,42311,42313,42315,42317,42320],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,42310,65],{"class":64},[58,42312,69],{"class":68},[58,42314,10794],{"class":64},[58,42316,69],{"class":68},[58,42318,42319],{"class":239},"list_a",[58,42321,85],{"class":68},[58,42323,42324,42326,42328,42330,42332,42335],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,42325,65],{"class":64},[58,42327,69],{"class":68},[58,42329,10794],{"class":64},[58,42331,69],{"class":68},[58,42333,42334],{"class":239},"list_b",[58,42336,85],{"class":68},[16,42338,3685],{},[49,42340,42342],{"className":51,"code":42341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nFalse\n",[20,42343,42344,42348],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42345,42346],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42347,2096],{"class":1966},[58,42349,42350],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42351,2157],{"class":1966},[16,42353,42354],{},"What this means:",[28,42356,42357,42360,42363],{},[31,42358,42359],{},"The lists are equal in value",[31,42361,42362],{},"They are not the same object",[31,42364,42365,42366,42368],{},"Their ",[20,42367,41655],{}," values are usually different",[16,42370,42371,42372,42374,42375,499],{},"This is why ",[20,42373,41655],{}," should not replace ",[20,42376,2809],{},[44,42378,42380,42381,42383],{"id":42379},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[20,42382,41655],{}," is useful",[16,42385,42386,42388],{},[20,42387,41655],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[28,42390,42391,42394,42397,42400],{},[31,42392,42393],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[31,42395,42396],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[31,42398,42399],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[31,42401,42402],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[16,42404,42405,42406,42408],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[20,42407,41655],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[49,42410,42412],{"className":51,"code":42411,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[20,42413,42414,42438,42447,42451,42470,42474,42484,42494,42508],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42415,42416,42418,42420,42422,42424,42426,42428,42430,42432,42434,42436],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42417,10230],{"class":286},[58,42419,290],{"class":77},[58,42421,1730],{"class":68},[58,42423,940],{"class":939},[58,42425,374],{"class":943},[58,42427,940],{"class":939},[58,42429,1082],{"class":68},[58,42431,1450],{"class":939},[58,42433,2882],{"class":943},[58,42435,940],{"class":939},[58,42437,1743],{"class":68},[58,42439,42440,42443,42445],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42441,42442],{"class":286},"copy_ref ",[58,42444,290],{"class":77},[58,42446,10268],{"class":286},[58,42448,42449],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,42450,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,42452,42453,42456,42458,42460,42462,42464,42466,42468],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,42454,42455],{"class":286},"copy_ref",[58,42457,499],{"class":68},[58,42459,11700],{"class":239},[58,42461,69],{"class":68},[58,42463,940],{"class":939},[58,42465,7878],{"class":943},[58,42467,940],{"class":939},[58,42469,243],{"class":68},[58,42471,42472],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,42473,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,42475,42476,42478,42480,42482],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,42477,65],{"class":64},[58,42479,69],{"class":68},[58,42481,10277],{"class":239},[58,42483,243],{"class":68},[58,42485,42486,42488,42490,42492],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,42487,65],{"class":64},[58,42489,69],{"class":68},[58,42491,42455],{"class":239},[58,42493,243],{"class":68},[58,42495,42496,42498,42500,42502,42504,42506],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,42497,65],{"class":64},[58,42499,69],{"class":68},[58,42501,10794],{"class":64},[58,42503,69],{"class":68},[58,42505,10277],{"class":239},[58,42507,85],{"class":68},[58,42509,42510,42512,42514,42516,42518,42520],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,42511,65],{"class":64},[58,42513,69],{"class":68},[58,42515,10794],{"class":64},[58,42517,69],{"class":68},[58,42519,42455],{"class":239},[58,42521,85],{"class":68},[16,42523,3685],{},[49,42525,42527],{"className":51,"code":42526,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,42528,42529,42557],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42530,42531,42533,42535,42537,42539,42541,42543,42545,42547,42549,42551,42553,42555],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42532,2016],{"class":68},[58,42534,1396],{"class":939},[58,42536,374],{"class":943},[58,42538,1396],{"class":939},[58,42540,1082],{"class":68},[58,42542,1391],{"class":939},[58,42544,2882],{"class":943},[58,42546,1396],{"class":939},[58,42548,1082],{"class":68},[58,42550,1391],{"class":939},[58,42552,7878],{"class":943},[58,42554,1396],{"class":939},[58,42556,1743],{"class":68},[58,42558,42559,42561,42563,42565,42567,42569,42571,42573,42575,42577,42579,42581,42583],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42560,2016],{"class":68},[58,42562,1396],{"class":939},[58,42564,374],{"class":943},[58,42566,1396],{"class":939},[58,42568,1082],{"class":68},[58,42570,1391],{"class":939},[58,42572,2882],{"class":943},[58,42574,1396],{"class":939},[58,42576,1082],{"class":68},[58,42578,1391],{"class":939},[58,42580,7878],{"class":943},[58,42582,1396],{"class":939},[58,42584,1743],{"class":68},[16,42586,42587],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[44,42589,42591,42592],{"id":42590},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[20,42593,41655],{},[16,42595,42596,42597,42599],{},"Do not use ",[20,42598,41655],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[16,42601,42602],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[28,42604,42605,42611,42617,42620],{},[31,42606,42607,42608,42610],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[20,42609,2809],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[31,42612,42613,42614,42616],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[20,42615,41655],{}," values across program runs",[31,42618,42619],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[31,42621,42622,42623],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[20,42624,41655],{},[16,42626,42627],{},"Bad example:",[49,42629,42631],{"className":51,"code":42630,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[20,42632,42633,42645,42657,42661,42683],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42634,42635,42637,42639,42641,42643],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42636,637],{"class":286},[58,42638,290],{"class":77},[58,42640,1450],{"class":939},[58,42642,35210],{"class":943},[58,42644,1456],{"class":939},[58,42646,42647,42649,42651,42653,42655],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42648,665],{"class":286},[58,42650,290],{"class":77},[58,42652,1450],{"class":939},[58,42654,35210],{"class":943},[58,42656,1456],{"class":939},[58,42658,42659],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,42660,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,42662,42663,42665,42667,42669,42671,42673,42675,42677,42679,42681],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,42664,5127],{"class":1991},[58,42666,12964],{"class":64},[58,42668,69],{"class":68},[58,42670,374],{"class":239},[58,42672,1770],{"class":68},[58,42674,4536],{"class":77},[58,42676,12964],{"class":64},[58,42678,69],{"class":68},[58,42680,2882],{"class":239},[58,42682,6476],{"class":68},[58,42684,42685,42687,42689,42691,42694,42696],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,42686,6202],{"class":64},[58,42688,69],{"class":68},[58,42690,940],{"class":939},[58,42692,42693],{"class":943},"The values are equal",[58,42695,940],{"class":939},[58,42697,243],{"class":68},[16,42699,42700],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[49,42702,42704],{"className":51,"code":42703,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[20,42705,42706,42719],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42707,42708,42710,42713,42715,42717],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42709,5127],{"class":1991},[58,42711,42712],{"class":286}," a ",[58,42714,2809],{"class":77},[58,42716,642],{"class":286},[58,42718,4521],{"class":68},[58,42720,42721,42723,42725,42727,42729,42731],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42722,6202],{"class":64},[58,42724,69],{"class":68},[58,42726,940],{"class":939},[58,42728,42693],{"class":943},[58,42730,940],{"class":939},[58,42732,243],{"class":68},[16,42734,155,42735,966,42737,42739],{},[20,42736,10338],{},[20,42738,41655],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[44,42741,18953],{"id":18952},[16,42743,42744],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[28,42746,42747,42750,42753,42758],{},[31,42748,42749],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[31,42751,42752],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[31,42754,42755,42756],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[20,42757,41655],{},[31,42759,42760,42761],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[20,42762,41655],{},[16,42764,42765],{},"The important rule is:",[28,42767,42768,42773],{},[31,42769,155,42770,42772],{},[20,42771,2809],{}," to check value",[31,42774,155,42775,42777],{},[20,42776,10338],{}," to check identity",[16,42779,42780,42781,42783],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[20,42782,41655],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[44,42785,914],{"id":913},[16,42787,42788,42789,973],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[20,42790,41655],{},[28,42792,42793,42801,42804,42807,42812],{},[31,42794,6552,42795,42797,42798,42800],{},[20,42796,41655],{}," when ",[20,42799,2809],{}," should be used",[31,42802,42803],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[31,42805,42806],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[31,42808,42809,42810],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[20,42811,41655],{},[31,42813,6552,42814,42816],{},[20,42815,41655],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[16,42818,42819],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[49,42821,42823],{"className":51,"code":42822,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[20,42824,42825,42840,42854,42868,42882],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,42826,42827,42829,42831,42833,42835,42838],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,42828,65],{"class":64},[58,42830,69],{"class":68},[58,42832,10794],{"class":64},[58,42834,69],{"class":68},[58,42836,42837],{"class":239},"my_object",[58,42839,85],{"class":68},[58,42841,42842,42844,42846,42848,42850,42852],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,42843,65],{"class":64},[58,42845,69],{"class":68},[58,42847,637],{"class":239},[58,42849,2809],{"class":77},[58,42851,642],{"class":239},[58,42853,243],{"class":68},[58,42855,42856,42858,42860,42862,42864,42866],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,42857,65],{"class":64},[58,42859,69],{"class":68},[58,42861,637],{"class":239},[58,42863,10338],{"class":1991},[58,42865,642],{"class":239},[58,42867,243],{"class":68},[58,42869,42870,42872,42874,42876,42878,42880],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,42871,65],{"class":64},[58,42873,69],{"class":68},[58,42875,1316],{"class":991},[58,42877,69],{"class":68},[58,42879,42837],{"class":239},[58,42881,85],{"class":68},[58,42883,42884,42886,42888,42890],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,42885,30310],{"class":64},[58,42887,69],{"class":68},[58,42889,10794],{"class":64},[58,42891,243],{"class":68},[44,42893,1555],{"id":1554},[617,42895,42897,42898,10861],{"id":42896},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[20,42899,41655],{},[16,42901,42902],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[617,42904,13051,42906,42908],{"id":42905},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[20,42907,41655],{}," the same as a memory address?",[16,42910,42911],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[617,42913,19573,42915,42917],{"id":42914},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[20,42916,41655],{}," to compare two values?",[16,42919,28427,42920,42922,42923,966,42925,42927],{},[20,42921,2809],{}," to compare values. Use ",[20,42924,41655],{},[20,42926,10338],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[617,42929,42931,42932,573],{"id":42930},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[20,42933,41655],{},[16,42935,42936],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[617,42938,42940,42941,42943],{"id":42939},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[20,42942,41655],{}," values?",[16,42945,42946],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[44,42948,1603],{"id":1602},[28,42950,42951,42956,42961,42966,42974],{},[31,42952,42953],{},[374,42954,42955],{"href":41793},"Python variables explained for beginners",[31,42957,42958],{},[374,42959,42960],{"href":42102},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[31,42962,42963],{},[374,42964,42965],{"href":42106},"Python data types overview",[31,42967,42968],{},[374,42969,1681,42971,1612],{"href":42970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[20,42972,42973],{},"isinstance()",[31,42975,42976],{},[374,42977,42979],{"href":42978},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1635,42981,42982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":42984},[42985,42987,42988,42989,42990,42991,42993,42995,42996,42997,43009],{"id":41759,"depth":88,"text":42986},"What id() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":41927,"depth":88,"text":41928},{"id":42110,"depth":88,"text":42111},{"id":42222,"depth":88,"text":42223},{"id":42379,"depth":88,"text":42992},"When id() is useful",{"id":42590,"depth":88,"text":42994},"When not to use id()",{"id":18952,"depth":88,"text":18953},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":42998},[42999,43001,43003,43005,43007],{"id":42896,"depth":104,"text":43000},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":42905,"depth":104,"text":43002},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":42914,"depth":104,"text":43004},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":42930,"depth":104,"text":43006},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":42939,"depth":104,"text":43008},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":41647,"description":43010},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":43017,"title":40360,"body":43018,"description":44658,"extension":1667,"meta":44659,"navigation":318,"path":44660,"seo":44661,"stem":44662,"__hash__":44663},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":9,"value":43019,"toc":44624},[43020,43025,43030,43033,43035,43078,43083,43086,43091,43096,43099,43115,43117,43161,43163,43190,43192,43207,43209,43211,43213,43229,43231,43243,43246,43280,43283,43308,43313,43315,43320,43324,43327,43329,43377,43379,43412,43418,43429,43431,43483,43485,43516,43518,43522,43526,43569,43575,43581,43633,43641,43646,43650,43741,43743,43776,43779,43781,43841,43843,43869,43879,43881,43885,43890,43895,43897,43934,43936,43955,43958,43962,43965,44021,44033,44042,44044,44071,44079,44086,44090,44093,44130,44133,44139,44176,44178,44182,44188,44206,44211,44259,44263,44352,44355,44362,44364,44366,44371,44389,44391,44434,44440,44457,44459,44521,44523,44525,44531,44539,44545,44551,44560,44570,44574,44582,44584,44586,44621],[12,43021,1681,43023,1685],{"id":43022},"python-input-function-explained",[20,43024,1048],{},[16,43026,18,43027,43029],{},[20,43028,1048],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[16,43031,43032],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[44,43034,47],{"id":46},[49,43036,43038],{"className":51,"code":43037,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[20,43039,43040,43059],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43041,43042,43044,43046,43048,43050,43052,43055,43057],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43043,6009],{"class":286},[58,43045,290],{"class":77},[58,43047,6376],{"class":64},[58,43049,69],{"class":68},[58,43051,940],{"class":939},[58,43053,43054],{"class":943},"Enter your name: ",[58,43056,940],{"class":939},[58,43058,243],{"class":68},[58,43060,43061,43063,43065,43067,43070,43072,43074,43076],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43062,65],{"class":64},[58,43064,69],{"class":68},[58,43066,940],{"class":939},[58,43068,43069],{"class":943},"Hello, ",[58,43071,940],{"class":939},[58,43073,534],{"class":77},[58,43075,34153],{"class":239},[58,43077,243],{"class":68},[16,43079,155,43080,43082],{},[20,43081,1048],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[43084,43085],"hr",{},[44,43087,1788,43089,1791],{"id":43088},"what-input-does",[20,43090,1048],{},[16,43092,43093,43095],{},[20,43094,1048],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[16,43097,43098],{},"Here is what happens:",[28,43100,43101,43106,43109,43112],{},[31,43102,43103,43105],{},[20,43104,1048],{}," waits for the user to type",[31,43107,43108],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[31,43110,43111],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[31,43113,43114],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[16,43116,276],{},[49,43118,43120],{"className":51,"code":43119,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[20,43121,43122,43142],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43123,43124,43127,43129,43131,43133,43135,43138,43140],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43125,43126],{"class":286},"color ",[58,43128,290],{"class":77},[58,43130,6376],{"class":64},[58,43132,69],{"class":68},[58,43134,940],{"class":939},[58,43136,43137],{"class":943},"What is your favorite color? ",[58,43139,940],{"class":939},[58,43141,243],{"class":68},[58,43143,43144,43146,43148,43150,43153,43155,43157,43159],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43145,65],{"class":64},[58,43147,69],{"class":68},[58,43149,940],{"class":939},[58,43151,43152],{"class":943},"Your favorite color is",[58,43154,940],{"class":939},[58,43156,1082],{"class":68},[58,43158,34012],{"class":239},[58,43160,243],{"class":68},[16,43162,28186],{},[49,43164,43166],{"className":51,"code":43165,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[20,43167,43168,43181],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43169,43170,43172,43174,43177,43179],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43171,1788],{"class":286},[58,43173,10338],{"class":77},[58,43175,43176],{"class":286}," your favorite color",[58,43178,573],{"class":35530},[58,43180,34042],{"class":286},[58,43182,43183,43186,43188],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43184,43185],{"class":286},"Your favorite color ",[58,43187,10338],{"class":77},[58,43189,34042],{"class":286},[16,43191,18109],{},[28,43193,43194,43199,43204],{},[31,43195,43196,43197],{},"The prompt is ",[20,43198,43137],{},[31,43200,43201,43202],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[20,43203,31049],{},[31,43205,43206],{},"That value is then printed",[43084,43208],{},[44,43210,222],{"id":221},[16,43212,5348],{},[49,43214,43216],{"className":51,"code":43215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"input(prompt)\n",[20,43217,43218],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43219,43220,43222,43224,43227],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43221,40629],{"class":64},[58,43223,69],{"class":68},[58,43225,43226],{"class":239},"prompt",[58,43228,243],{"class":68},[16,43230,9601],{},[28,43232,43233,43237,43240],{},[31,43234,18,43235,18191],{},[20,43236,43226],{},[31,43238,43239],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[31,43241,43242],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[16,43244,43245],{},"Example with a prompt:",[49,43247,43249],{"className":51,"code":43248,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[20,43250,43251,43270],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43252,43253,43255,43257,43259,43261,43263,43266,43268],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43254,6094],{"class":286},[58,43256,290],{"class":77},[58,43258,6376],{"class":64},[58,43260,69],{"class":68},[58,43262,940],{"class":939},[58,43264,43265],{"class":943},"Enter your username: ",[58,43267,940],{"class":939},[58,43269,243],{"class":68},[58,43271,43272,43274,43276,43278],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43273,65],{"class":64},[58,43275,69],{"class":68},[58,43277,6118],{"class":239},[58,43279,243],{"class":68},[16,43281,43282],{},"Example without a prompt:",[49,43284,43286],{"className":51,"code":43285,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[20,43287,43288,43298],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43289,43290,43292,43294,43296],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43291,526],{"class":286},[58,43293,290],{"class":77},[58,43295,6376],{"class":64},[58,43297,6779],{"class":68},[58,43299,43300,43302,43304,43306],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43301,65],{"class":64},[58,43303,69],{"class":68},[58,43305,553],{"class":239},[58,43307,243],{"class":68},[16,43309,5894,43310,43312],{},[20,43311,1048],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[43084,43314],{},[44,43316,1788,43318,9849],{"id":43317},"what-input-returns",[20,43319,1048],{},[16,43321,43322,6359],{},[20,43323,1048],{},[16,43325,43326],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[16,43328,276],{},[49,43330,43332],{"className":51,"code":43331,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[20,43333,43334,43353,43363],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43335,43336,43338,43340,43342,43344,43346,43349,43351],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43337,19781],{"class":286},[58,43339,290],{"class":77},[58,43341,6376],{"class":64},[58,43343,69],{"class":68},[58,43345,940],{"class":939},[58,43347,43348],{"class":943},"Enter your age: ",[58,43350,940],{"class":939},[58,43352,243],{"class":68},[58,43354,43355,43357,43359,43361],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43356,65],{"class":64},[58,43358,69],{"class":68},[58,43360,7437],{"class":239},[58,43362,243],{"class":68},[58,43364,43365,43367,43369,43371,43373,43375],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43366,65],{"class":64},[58,43368,69],{"class":68},[58,43370,1316],{"class":991},[58,43372,69],{"class":68},[58,43374,7437],{"class":239},[58,43376,85],{"class":68},[16,43378,28186],{},[49,43380,43382],{"className":51,"code":43381,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,43383,43384,43394,43398],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43385,43386,43389,43391],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43387,43388],{"class":286},"Enter your age",[58,43390,973],{"class":68},[58,43392,43393],{"class":81}," 25\n",[58,43395,43396],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43397,792],{"class":81},[58,43399,43400,43402,43404,43406,43408,43410],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43401,1385],{"class":77},[58,43403,1388],{"class":126},[58,43405,1391],{"class":939},[58,43407,1542],{"class":943},[58,43409,1396],{"class":939},[58,43411,1399],{"class":77},[16,43413,43414,43415,43417],{},"Even though the user typed ",[20,43416,7331],{},", Python treats it as text.",[16,43419,43420,43421,966,43425,499],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[374,43422,43423],{"href":962},[20,43424,965],{},[374,43426,43427],{"href":969},[20,43428,972],{},[16,43430,276],{},[49,43432,43434],{"className":51,"code":43433,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[20,43435,43436,43459,43469],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43437,43438,43440,43442,43445,43447,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43439,19781],{"class":286},[58,43441,290],{"class":77},[58,43443,43444],{"class":991}," int",[58,43446,69],{"class":68},[58,43448,40629],{"class":64},[58,43450,69],{"class":68},[58,43452,940],{"class":939},[58,43454,43348],{"class":943},[58,43456,940],{"class":939},[58,43458,85],{"class":68},[58,43460,43461,43463,43465,43467],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43462,65],{"class":64},[58,43464,69],{"class":68},[58,43466,7437],{"class":239},[58,43468,243],{"class":68},[58,43470,43471,43473,43475,43477,43479,43481],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43472,65],{"class":64},[58,43474,69],{"class":68},[58,43476,1316],{"class":991},[58,43478,69],{"class":68},[58,43480,7437],{"class":239},[58,43482,85],{"class":68},[16,43484,28186],{},[49,43486,43488],{"className":51,"code":43487,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[20,43489,43490,43498,43502],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43491,43492,43494,43496],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43493,43388],{"class":286},[58,43495,973],{"class":68},[58,43497,43393],{"class":81},[58,43499,43500],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43501,792],{"class":81},[58,43503,43504,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43505,1385],{"class":77},[58,43507,1388],{"class":126},[58,43509,1391],{"class":939},[58,43511,256],{"class":943},[58,43513,1396],{"class":939},[58,43515,1399],{"class":77},[43084,43517],{},[44,43519,43521],{"id":43520},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[617,43523,43525],{"id":43524},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[49,43527,43529],{"className":51,"code":43528,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[20,43530,43531,43550],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43532,43533,43535,43537,43539,43541,43543,43546,43548],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43534,6009],{"class":286},[58,43536,290],{"class":77},[58,43538,6376],{"class":64},[58,43540,69],{"class":68},[58,43542,940],{"class":939},[58,43544,43545],{"class":943},"What is your name? ",[58,43547,940],{"class":939},[58,43549,243],{"class":68},[58,43551,43552,43554,43556,43558,43561,43563,43565,43567],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43553,65],{"class":64},[58,43555,69],{"class":68},[58,43557,940],{"class":939},[58,43559,43560],{"class":943},"Hello,",[58,43562,940],{"class":939},[58,43564,1082],{"class":68},[58,43566,34153],{"class":239},[58,43568,243],{"class":68},[16,43570,43571,43572,43574],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[20,43573,5799],{}," and prints it.",[617,43576,43578,43579],{"id":43577},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[20,43580,965],{},[49,43582,43584],{"className":51,"code":43583,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[20,43585,43586,43609],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43587,43588,43590,43592,43594,43596,43598,43600,43602,43605,43607],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43589,19781],{"class":286},[58,43591,290],{"class":77},[58,43593,43444],{"class":991},[58,43595,69],{"class":68},[58,43597,40629],{"class":64},[58,43599,69],{"class":68},[58,43601,940],{"class":939},[58,43603,43604],{"class":943},"How old are you? ",[58,43606,940],{"class":939},[58,43608,85],{"class":68},[58,43610,43611,43613,43615,43617,43620,43622,43624,43627,43629,43631],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43612,65],{"class":64},[58,43614,69],{"class":68},[58,43616,940],{"class":939},[58,43618,43619],{"class":943},"Next year you will be",[58,43621,940],{"class":939},[58,43623,1082],{"class":68},[58,43625,43626],{"class":239}," age ",[58,43628,120],{"class":77},[58,43630,3623],{"class":81},[58,43632,243],{"class":68},[16,43634,4187,43635,43637,43638,43640],{},[20,43636,965],{}," converts the text from ",[20,43639,1048],{}," into a whole number.",[16,43642,43643,43644,499],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[374,43645,7118],{"href":7117},[617,43647,43649],{"id":43648},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[49,43651,43653],{"className":51,"code":43652,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[20,43654,43655,43679,43703,43717,43721],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43656,43657,43660,43662,43664,43666,43668,43670,43672,43675,43677],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43658,43659],{"class":286},"num1 ",[58,43661,290],{"class":77},[58,43663,43444],{"class":991},[58,43665,69],{"class":68},[58,43667,40629],{"class":64},[58,43669,69],{"class":68},[58,43671,940],{"class":939},[58,43673,43674],{"class":943},"Enter the first number: ",[58,43676,940],{"class":939},[58,43678,85],{"class":68},[58,43680,43681,43684,43686,43688,43690,43692,43694,43696,43699,43701],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43682,43683],{"class":286},"num2 ",[58,43685,290],{"class":77},[58,43687,43444],{"class":991},[58,43689,69],{"class":68},[58,43691,40629],{"class":64},[58,43693,69],{"class":68},[58,43695,940],{"class":939},[58,43697,43698],{"class":943},"Enter the second number: ",[58,43700,940],{"class":939},[58,43702,85],{"class":68},[58,43704,43705,43707,43709,43712,43714],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43706,39348],{"class":286},[58,43708,290],{"class":77},[58,43710,43711],{"class":286}," num1 ",[58,43713,120],{"class":77},[58,43715,43716],{"class":286}," num2\n",[58,43718,43719],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,43720,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,43722,43723,43725,43727,43729,43732,43734,43736,43739],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,43724,65],{"class":64},[58,43726,69],{"class":68},[58,43728,940],{"class":939},[58,43730,43731],{"class":943},"Total:",[58,43733,940],{"class":939},[58,43735,1082],{"class":68},[58,43737,43738],{"class":239}," total",[58,43740,243],{"class":68},[16,43742,28186],{},[49,43744,43746],{"className":51,"code":43745,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[20,43747,43748,43758,43767],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43749,43750,43753,43755],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43751,43752],{"class":286},"Enter the first number",[58,43754,973],{"class":68},[58,43756,43757],{"class":81}," 2\n",[58,43759,43760,43763,43765],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43761,43762],{"class":286},"Enter the second number",[58,43764,973],{"class":68},[58,43766,660],{"class":81},[58,43768,43769,43772,43774],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43770,43771],{"class":286},"Total",[58,43773,973],{"class":68},[58,43775,33002],{"class":81},[16,43777,43778],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[16,43780,276],{},[49,43782,43784],{"className":51,"code":43783,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[20,43785,43786,43804,43822,43826],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43787,43788,43790,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800,43802],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43789,43659],{"class":286},[58,43791,290],{"class":77},[58,43793,6376],{"class":64},[58,43795,69],{"class":68},[58,43797,940],{"class":939},[58,43799,43674],{"class":943},[58,43801,940],{"class":939},[58,43803,243],{"class":68},[58,43805,43806,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816,43818,43820],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43807,43683],{"class":286},[58,43809,290],{"class":77},[58,43811,6376],{"class":64},[58,43813,69],{"class":68},[58,43815,940],{"class":939},[58,43817,43698],{"class":943},[58,43819,940],{"class":939},[58,43821,243],{"class":68},[58,43823,43824],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43825,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,43827,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836,43839],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,43829,65],{"class":64},[58,43831,69],{"class":68},[58,43833,43659],{"class":239},[58,43835,120],{"class":77},[58,43837,43838],{"class":239}," num2",[58,43840,243],{"class":68},[16,43842,28186],{},[49,43844,43846],{"className":51,"code":43845,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[20,43847,43848,43856,43864],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43849,43850,43852,43854],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43851,43752],{"class":286},[58,43853,973],{"class":68},[58,43855,43757],{"class":81},[58,43857,43858,43860,43862],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43859,43762],{"class":286},[58,43861,973],{"class":68},[58,43863,660],{"class":81},[58,43865,43866],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,43867,43868],{"class":81},"23\n",[16,43870,43871,43872,43875,43876,499],{},"That happens because ",[20,43873,43874],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[20,43877,43878],{},"\"23\"",[43084,43880],{},[44,43882,43884],{"id":43883},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[16,43886,43887,43888,499],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[20,43889,1048],{},[617,43891,2825,43893,39708],{"id":43892},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[20,43894,1048],{},[16,43896,37363],{},[49,43898,43900],{"className":51,"code":43899,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[20,43901,43902,43920],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43903,43904,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43905,526],{"class":286},[58,43907,290],{"class":77},[58,43909,6376],{"class":64},[58,43911,69],{"class":68},[58,43913,940],{"class":939},[58,43915,40037],{"class":943},[58,43917,940],{"class":939},[58,43919,243],{"class":68},[58,43921,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43923,65],{"class":64},[58,43925,69],{"class":68},[58,43927,1316],{"class":991},[58,43929,69],{"class":68},[58,43931,553],{"class":239},[58,43933,85],{"class":68},[16,43935,132],{},[49,43937,43939],{"className":51,"code":43938,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,43940,43941],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43942,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43944,1385],{"class":77},[58,43946,1388],{"class":126},[58,43948,1391],{"class":939},[58,43950,1542],{"class":943},[58,43952,1396],{"class":939},[58,43954,1399],{"class":77},[16,43956,43957],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[617,43959,43961],{"id":43960},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[16,43963,43964],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[49,43966,43968],{"className":51,"code":43967,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[20,43969,43970,43988,44007],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,43971,43972,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,43973,637],{"class":286},[58,43975,290],{"class":77},[58,43977,6376],{"class":64},[58,43979,69],{"class":68},[58,43981,940],{"class":939},[58,43983,40037],{"class":943},[58,43985,940],{"class":939},[58,43987,243],{"class":68},[58,43989,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000,44003,44005],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,43991,665],{"class":286},[58,43993,290],{"class":77},[58,43995,6376],{"class":64},[58,43997,69],{"class":68},[58,43999,940],{"class":939},[58,44001,44002],{"class":943},"Enter another number: ",[58,44004,940],{"class":939},[58,44006,243],{"class":68},[58,44008,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44010,65],{"class":64},[58,44012,69],{"class":68},[58,44014,637],{"class":239},[58,44016,120],{"class":77},[58,44018,642],{"class":239},[58,44020,243],{"class":68},[16,44022,39286,44023,2512,44025,44027,44028,17115,44031,499],{},[20,44024,586],{},[20,44026,200],{},", the result is ",[20,44029,44030],{},"45",[20,44032,208],{},[617,44034,44036,44037,44039,44040],{"id":44035},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[20,44038,38869],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[20,44041,965],{},[16,44043,276],{},[49,44045,44047],{"className":51,"code":44046,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[20,44048,44049],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44050,44051,44053,44055,44057,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44052,19781],{"class":286},[58,44054,290],{"class":77},[58,44056,43444],{"class":991},[58,44058,69],{"class":68},[58,44060,40629],{"class":64},[58,44062,69],{"class":68},[58,44064,940],{"class":939},[58,44066,43348],{"class":943},[58,44068,940],{"class":939},[58,44070,85],{"class":68},[16,44072,6405,44073,44076,44077,499],{},[20,44074,44075],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[20,44078,38869],{},[16,44080,44081,44082,499],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[374,44083,44085],{"href":44084},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[617,44087,44089],{"id":44088},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[16,44091,44092],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[49,44094,44096],{"className":51,"code":44095,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[20,44097,44098,44116],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44099,44100,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110,44112,44114],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44101,6009],{"class":286},[58,44103,290],{"class":77},[58,44105,6376],{"class":64},[58,44107,69],{"class":68},[58,44109,940],{"class":939},[58,44111,43054],{"class":943},[58,44113,940],{"class":939},[58,44115,243],{"class":68},[58,44117,44118,44120,44122,44124,44126,44128],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44119,65],{"class":64},[58,44121,69],{"class":68},[58,44123,39945],{"class":64},[58,44125,69],{"class":68},[58,44127,5799],{"class":239},[58,44129,85],{"class":68},[16,44131,44132],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[16,44134,44135,44136,973],{},"You can remove them with ",[20,44137,44138],{},".strip()",[49,44140,44142],{"className":51,"code":44141,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[20,44143,44144,44166],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44145,44146,44148,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44147,6009],{"class":286},[58,44149,290],{"class":77},[58,44151,6376],{"class":64},[58,44153,69],{"class":68},[58,44155,940],{"class":939},[58,44157,43054],{"class":943},[58,44159,940],{"class":939},[58,44161,6767],{"class":68},[58,44163,6770],{"class":239},[58,44165,6779],{"class":68},[58,44167,44168,44170,44172,44174],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44169,65],{"class":64},[58,44171,69],{"class":68},[58,44173,5799],{"class":239},[58,44175,243],{"class":68},[43084,44177],{},[44,44179,44181],{"id":44180},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[16,44183,44184,44185,44187],{},"These habits make ",[20,44186,1048],{}," easier and safer to use.",[28,44189,44190,44193,44198,44201],{},[31,44191,44192],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[31,44194,155,44195,44197],{},[20,44196,44138],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[31,44199,44200],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[31,44202,155,44203,44205],{},[20,44204,27938],{}," when converting input to numbers",[16,44207,44208,44209,973],{},"Example with ",[20,44210,44138],{},[49,44212,44214],{"className":51,"code":44213,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[20,44215,44216,44240],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44217,44218,44221,44223,44225,44227,44229,44232,44234,44236,44238],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44219,44220],{"class":286},"city ",[58,44222,290],{"class":77},[58,44224,6376],{"class":64},[58,44226,69],{"class":68},[58,44228,940],{"class":939},[58,44230,44231],{"class":943},"Enter your city: ",[58,44233,940],{"class":939},[58,44235,6767],{"class":68},[58,44237,6770],{"class":239},[58,44239,6779],{"class":68},[58,44241,44242,44244,44246,44248,44251,44253,44255,44257],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44243,65],{"class":64},[58,44245,69],{"class":68},[58,44247,940],{"class":939},[58,44249,44250],{"class":943},"City:",[58,44252,940],{"class":939},[58,44254,1082],{"class":68},[58,44256,29542],{"class":239},[58,44258,243],{"class":68},[16,44260,44208,44261,973],{},[20,44262,27938],{},[49,44264,44266],{"className":51,"code":44265,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[20,44267,44268,44274,44297,44329,44337],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44269,44270,44272],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44271,27960],{"class":1991},[58,44273,4521],{"class":68},[58,44275,44276,44279,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289,44291,44293,44295],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44277,44278],{"class":286},"    age ",[58,44280,290],{"class":77},[58,44282,43444],{"class":991},[58,44284,69],{"class":68},[58,44286,40629],{"class":64},[58,44288,69],{"class":68},[58,44290,940],{"class":939},[58,44292,43348],{"class":943},[58,44294,940],{"class":939},[58,44296,85],{"class":68},[58,44298,44299,44301,44303,44305,44308,44310,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322,44325,44327],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44300,6202],{"class":64},[58,44302,69],{"class":68},[58,44304,940],{"class":939},[58,44306,44307],{"class":943},"You will be",[58,44309,940],{"class":939},[58,44311,1082],{"class":68},[58,44313,43626],{"class":239},[58,44315,120],{"class":77},[58,44317,3623],{"class":81},[58,44319,1082],{"class":68},[58,44321,1450],{"class":939},[58,44323,44324],{"class":943},"next year",[58,44326,940],{"class":939},[58,44328,243],{"class":68},[58,44330,44331,44333,44335],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,44332,27991],{"class":1991},[58,44334,40092],{"class":991},[58,44336,4521],{"class":68},[58,44338,44339,44341,44343,44345,44348,44350],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,44340,6202],{"class":64},[58,44342,69],{"class":68},[58,44344,940],{"class":939},[58,44346,44347],{"class":943},"Please enter a whole number.",[58,44349,940],{"class":939},[58,44351,243],{"class":68},[16,44353,44354],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[16,44356,44357,44358,499],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[374,44359,44361],{"href":44360},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[43084,44363],{},[44,44365,914],{"id":913},[16,44367,44368,44369,973],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[20,44370,1048],{},[28,44372,44373,44380,44383,44386],{},[31,44374,44375,44376,966,44378],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[20,44377,965],{},[20,44379,972],{},[31,44381,44382],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[31,44384,44385],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[31,44387,44388],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[16,44390,30240],{},[49,44392,44394],{"className":51,"code":44393,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[20,44395,44396,44406,44420],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44397,44398,44400,44402,44404],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44399,65],{"class":64},[58,44401,69],{"class":68},[58,44403,553],{"class":239},[58,44405,243],{"class":68},[58,44407,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416,44418],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44409,65],{"class":64},[58,44411,69],{"class":68},[58,44413,1316],{"class":991},[58,44415,69],{"class":68},[58,44417,553],{"class":239},[58,44419,85],{"class":68},[58,44421,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44423,65],{"class":64},[58,44425,69],{"class":68},[58,44427,39945],{"class":64},[58,44429,69],{"class":68},[58,44431,553],{"class":239},[58,44433,85],{"class":68},[16,44435,44436,44437,44439],{},"These help you inspect what ",[20,44438,1048],{}," actually returned:",[28,44441,44442,44447,44452],{},[31,44443,44444,44446],{},[20,44445,39993],{}," shows the value",[31,44448,44449,44451],{},[20,44450,39999],{}," shows the data type",[31,44453,44454,44456],{},[20,44455,40004],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[16,44458,276],{},[49,44460,44462],{"className":51,"code":44461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[20,44463,44464,44483,44493,44507],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44465,44466,44468,44470,44472,44474,44476,44479,44481],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44467,526],{"class":286},[58,44469,290],{"class":77},[58,44471,6376],{"class":64},[58,44473,69],{"class":68},[58,44475,940],{"class":939},[58,44477,44478],{"class":943},"Enter something: ",[58,44480,940],{"class":939},[58,44482,243],{"class":68},[58,44484,44485,44487,44489,44491],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44486,65],{"class":64},[58,44488,69],{"class":68},[58,44490,553],{"class":239},[58,44492,243],{"class":68},[58,44494,44495,44497,44499,44501,44503,44505],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44496,65],{"class":64},[58,44498,69],{"class":68},[58,44500,1316],{"class":991},[58,44502,69],{"class":68},[58,44504,553],{"class":239},[58,44506,85],{"class":68},[58,44508,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517,44519],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,44510,65],{"class":64},[58,44512,69],{"class":68},[58,44514,39945],{"class":64},[58,44516,69],{"class":68},[58,44518,553],{"class":239},[58,44520,85],{"class":68},[43084,44522],{},[44,44524,1555],{"id":1554},[617,44526,10849,44528,44530],{"id":44527},"does-input-return-an-integer",[20,44529,1048],{}," return an integer?",[16,44532,44533,44534,44536,44537,38094],{},"No. ",[20,44535,1048],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[20,44538,965],{},[617,44540,44542,44543,573],{"id":44541},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[20,44544,1048],{},[16,44546,44547,44548,44550],{},"No. You can call ",[20,44549,1048],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[617,44552,3281,44554,44557,44558,573],{"id":44553},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[20,44555,44556],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[20,44559,1048],{},[16,44561,27217,44562,44564,44565,40321,44567,44569],{},[20,44563,1048],{}," returns strings. ",[20,44566,43874],{},[20,44568,43878],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[617,44571,44573],{"id":44572},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[16,44575,155,44576,44578,44579,499],{},[20,44577,44138],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[20,44580,44581],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[43084,44583],{},[44,44585,1603],{"id":1602},[28,44587,44588,44593,44597,44603,44609,44613],{},[31,44589,44590],{},[374,44591,44592],{"href":44360},"How to get user input in Python",[31,44594,44595],{},[374,44596,7195],{"href":7117},[31,44598,44599],{},[374,44600,1681,44601,1612],{"href":962},[20,44602,965],{},[31,44604,44605],{},[374,44606,1681,44607,1612],{"href":969},[20,44608,972],{},[31,44610,44611],{},[374,44612,44085],{"href":44084},[31,44614,44615],{},[374,44616,1681,44618,1612],{"href":44617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[20,44619,44620],{},"print()",[1635,44622,44623],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":44625},[44626,44627,44629,44630,44632,44638,44646,44647,44648,44657],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":43088,"depth":88,"text":44628},"What input() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":43317,"depth":88,"text":44631},"What input() returns",{"id":43520,"depth":88,"text":43521,"children":44633},[44634,44635,44637],{"id":43524,"depth":104,"text":43525},{"id":43577,"depth":104,"text":44636},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":43648,"depth":104,"text":43649},{"id":43883,"depth":88,"text":43884,"children":44639},[44640,44642,44643,44645],{"id":43892,"depth":104,"text":44641},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":43960,"depth":104,"text":43961},{"id":44035,"depth":104,"text":44644},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":44088,"depth":104,"text":44089},{"id":44180,"depth":88,"text":44181},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":44649},[44650,44652,44654,44656],{"id":44527,"depth":104,"text":44651},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":44541,"depth":104,"text":44653},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":44553,"depth":104,"text":44655},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":44572,"depth":104,"text":44573},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":40360,"description":44658},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":44665,"title":40262,"body":44666,"description":46979,"extension":1667,"meta":46980,"navigation":318,"path":46981,"seo":46982,"stem":46983,"__hash__":46984},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":9,"value":44667,"toc":46931},[44668,44673,44678,44683,44704,44707,44709,44769,44771,44790,44795,44800,44805,44807,44820,44822,44905,44907,44948,44954,44956,44986,44992,44995,45012,45014,45066,45068,45086,45092,45098,45101,45119,45121,45194,45196,45215,45222,45228,45233,45236,45296,45298,45317,45320,45323,45338,45344,45348,45409,45411,45432,45436,45565,45567,45697,45707,45713,45719,45727,45793,45795,45820,45823,45840,45853,45859,45862,45895,45897,45910,45913,45956,45958,45966,45973,45977,45984,45988,46015,46017,46025,46031,46048,46053,46057,46084,46086,46094,46098,46103,46106,46132,46135,46144,46152,46156,46166,46170,46173,46175,46226,46228,46258,46268,46295,46297,46305,46315,46319,46322,46324,46372,46374,46418,46424,46475,46477,46496,46501,46506,46509,46528,46531,46583,46585,46594,46596,46600,46604,46607,46616,46623,46625,46652,46656,46658,46667,46670,46677,46683,46743,46747,46749,46757,46760,46786,46792,46795,46815,46817,46826,46834,46836,46842,46847,46854,46864,46870,46878,46882,46885,46887,46928],[12,44669,1681,44671,1685],{"id":44670},"python-int-function-explained",[20,44672,965],{},[16,44674,30475,44675,44677],{},[20,44676,965],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[16,44679,33566,44680,44682],{},[20,44681,965],{}," when they want to:",[28,44684,44685,44695,44698,44701],{},[31,44686,44687,44688,44691,44692],{},"turn text like ",[20,44689,44690],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[20,44693,44694],{},"42",[31,44696,44697],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[31,44699,44700],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[31,44702,44703],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[16,44705,44706],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[44,44708,47],{"id":46},[49,44710,44712],{"className":51,"code":44711,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[20,44713,44714,44732,44746],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44715,44716,44718,44720,44722,44724,44726,44728,44730],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44717,65],{"class":64},[58,44719,69],{"class":68},[58,44721,256],{"class":991},[58,44723,69],{"class":68},[58,44725,940],{"class":939},[58,44727,44694],{"class":943},[58,44729,940],{"class":939},[58,44731,85],{"class":68},[58,44733,44734,44736,44738,44740,44742,44744],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44735,65],{"class":64},[58,44737,69],{"class":68},[58,44739,256],{"class":991},[58,44741,69],{"class":68},[58,44743,40150],{"class":81},[58,44745,85],{"class":68},[58,44747,44748,44750,44752,44754,44756,44758,44761,44763,44765,44767],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44749,65],{"class":64},[58,44751,69],{"class":68},[58,44753,256],{"class":991},[58,44755,69],{"class":68},[58,44757,940],{"class":939},[58,44759,44760],{"class":943},"101",[58,44762,940],{"class":939},[58,44764,1082],{"class":68},[58,44766,1085],{"class":81},[58,44768,85],{"class":68},[16,44770,132],{},[49,44772,44774],{"className":51,"code":44773,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"42\n3\n5\n",[20,44775,44776,44781,44786],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44777,44778],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44779,44780],{"class":81},"42\n",[58,44782,44783],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44784,44785],{"class":81},"3\n",[58,44787,44788],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44789,1037],{"class":81},[16,44791,155,44792,44794],{},[20,44793,965],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[44,44796,1788,44798,1791],{"id":44797},"what-int-does",[20,44799,965],{},[16,44801,44802,44804],{},[20,44803,965],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[16,44806,11198],{},[28,44808,44809,44814,44817],{},[31,44810,44811,44812,5470],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[20,44813,256],{},[31,44815,44816],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[31,44818,44819],{},"It does not change the original object.",[16,44821,276],{},[49,44823,44825],{"className":51,"code":44824,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[20,44826,44827,44839,44853,44857,44867,44877,44891],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44828,44829,44831,44833,44835,44837],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44830,32847],{"class":286},[58,44832,290],{"class":77},[58,44834,1450],{"class":939},[58,44836,7331],{"class":943},[58,44838,1456],{"class":939},[58,44840,44841,44843,44845,44847,44849,44851],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44842,287],{"class":286},[58,44844,290],{"class":77},[58,44846,43444],{"class":991},[58,44848,69],{"class":68},[58,44850,32868],{"class":239},[58,44852,243],{"class":68},[58,44854,44855],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44856,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,44858,44859,44861,44863,44865],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,44860,65],{"class":64},[58,44862,69],{"class":68},[58,44864,32868],{"class":239},[58,44866,243],{"class":68},[58,44868,44869,44871,44873,44875],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,44870,65],{"class":64},[58,44872,69],{"class":68},[58,44874,311],{"class":239},[58,44876,243],{"class":68},[58,44878,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887,44889],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,44880,65],{"class":64},[58,44882,69],{"class":68},[58,44884,1316],{"class":991},[58,44886,69],{"class":68},[58,44888,32868],{"class":239},[58,44890,85],{"class":68},[58,44892,44893,44895,44897,44899,44901,44903],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,44894,65],{"class":64},[58,44896,69],{"class":68},[58,44898,1316],{"class":991},[58,44900,69],{"class":68},[58,44902,311],{"class":239},[58,44904,85],{"class":68},[16,44906,132],{},[49,44908,44910],{"className":51,"code":44909,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[20,44911,44912,44916,44920,44934],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44913,44914],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44915,792],{"class":81},[58,44917,44918],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44919,792],{"class":81},[58,44921,44922,44924,44926,44928,44930,44932],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,44923,1385],{"class":77},[58,44925,1388],{"class":126},[58,44927,1391],{"class":939},[58,44929,1542],{"class":943},[58,44931,1396],{"class":939},[58,44933,1399],{"class":77},[58,44935,44936,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,44937,1385],{"class":77},[58,44939,1388],{"class":126},[58,44941,1391],{"class":939},[58,44943,256],{"class":943},[58,44945,1396],{"class":939},[58,44947,1399],{"class":77},[16,44949,44950,44951,44953],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[20,44952,965],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[44,44955,222],{"id":221},[49,44957,44959],{"className":51,"code":44958,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[20,44960,44961,44971],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,44962,44963,44965,44967,44969],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,44964,256],{"class":991},[58,44966,69],{"class":68},[58,44968,240],{"class":239},[58,44970,243],{"class":68},[58,44972,44973,44975,44977,44979,44981,44984],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,44974,256],{"class":991},[58,44976,69],{"class":68},[58,44978,240],{"class":239},[58,44980,1082],{"class":68},[58,44982,44983],{"class":239}," base",[58,44985,243],{"class":68},[617,44987,44989],{"id":44988},"intx",[20,44990,44991],{},"int(x)",[16,44993,44994],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[28,44996,44997,45002,45007],{},[31,44998,44999,45000],{},"a string such as ",[20,45001,40292],{},[31,45003,45004,45005],{},"a float such as ",[20,45006,40150],{},[31,45008,45009,45010],{},"a boolean such as ",[20,45011,1710],{},[16,45013,276],{},[49,45015,45017],{"className":51,"code":45016,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[20,45018,45019,45037,45052],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45020,45021,45023,45025,45027,45029,45031,45033,45035],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45022,65],{"class":64},[58,45024,69],{"class":68},[58,45026,256],{"class":991},[58,45028,69],{"class":68},[58,45030,940],{"class":939},[58,45032,408],{"class":943},[58,45034,940],{"class":939},[58,45036,85],{"class":68},[58,45038,45039,45041,45043,45045,45047,45050],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45040,65],{"class":64},[58,45042,69],{"class":68},[58,45044,256],{"class":991},[58,45046,69],{"class":68},[58,45048,45049],{"class":81},"8.7",[58,45051,85],{"class":68},[58,45053,45054,45056,45058,45060,45062,45064],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45055,65],{"class":64},[58,45057,69],{"class":68},[58,45059,256],{"class":991},[58,45061,69],{"class":68},[58,45063,1710],{"class":1966},[58,45065,85],{"class":68},[16,45067,132],{},[49,45069,45071],{"className":51,"code":45070,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"10\n8\n1\n",[20,45072,45073,45077,45081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45074,45075],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45076,454],{"class":81},[58,45078,45079],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45080,459],{"class":81},[58,45082,45083],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45084,45085],{"class":81},"1\n",[617,45087,45089],{"id":45088},"intx-base",[20,45090,45091],{},"int(x, base)",[16,45093,45094,45095,45097],{},"Use this form when ",[20,45096,240],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[16,45099,45100],{},"Common bases:",[28,45102,45103,45108,45113],{},[31,45104,45105,45107],{},[20,45106,117],{}," for binary",[31,45109,45110,45112],{},[20,45111,423],{}," for octal",[31,45114,45115,45118],{},[20,45116,45117],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[16,45120,276],{},[49,45122,45124],{"className":51,"code":45123,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[20,45125,45126,45148,45171],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45127,45128,45130,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45129,65],{"class":64},[58,45131,69],{"class":68},[58,45133,256],{"class":991},[58,45135,69],{"class":68},[58,45137,940],{"class":939},[58,45139,44760],{"class":943},[58,45141,940],{"class":939},[58,45143,1082],{"class":68},[58,45145,1085],{"class":81},[58,45147,85],{"class":68},[58,45149,45150,45152,45154,45156,45158,45160,45163,45165,45167,45169],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45151,65],{"class":64},[58,45153,69],{"class":68},[58,45155,256],{"class":991},[58,45157,69],{"class":68},[58,45159,940],{"class":939},[58,45161,45162],{"class":943},"17",[58,45164,940],{"class":939},[58,45166,1082],{"class":68},[58,45168,4487],{"class":81},[58,45170,85],{"class":68},[58,45172,45173,45175,45177,45179,45181,45183,45186,45188,45190,45192],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45174,65],{"class":64},[58,45176,69],{"class":68},[58,45178,256],{"class":991},[58,45180,69],{"class":68},[58,45182,940],{"class":939},[58,45184,45185],{"class":943},"1A",[58,45187,940],{"class":939},[58,45189,1082],{"class":68},[58,45191,12135],{"class":81},[58,45193,85],{"class":68},[16,45195,132],{},[49,45197,45199],{"className":51,"code":45198,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5\n15\n26\n",[20,45200,45201,45205,45210],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45202,45203],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45204,1037],{"class":81},[58,45206,45207],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45208,45209],{"class":81},"15\n",[58,45211,45212],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45213,45214],{"class":81},"26\n",[16,45216,45217,45218,499],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[374,45219,45220,380],{"href":969},[20,45221,972],{},[44,45223,6552,45225,45227],{"id":45224},"using-int-with-strings",[20,45226,965],{}," with strings",[16,45229,45230,45232],{},[20,45231,965],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[16,45234,45235],{},"Examples that work:",[49,45237,45239],{"className":51,"code":45238,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[20,45240,45241,45259,45277],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45242,45243,45245,45247,45249,45251,45253,45255,45257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45244,65],{"class":64},[58,45246,69],{"class":68},[58,45248,256],{"class":991},[58,45250,69],{"class":68},[58,45252,940],{"class":939},[58,45254,200],{"class":943},[58,45256,940],{"class":939},[58,45258,85],{"class":68},[58,45260,45261,45263,45265,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45262,65],{"class":64},[58,45264,69],{"class":68},[58,45266,256],{"class":991},[58,45268,69],{"class":68},[58,45270,940],{"class":939},[58,45272,368],{"class":943},[58,45274,940],{"class":939},[58,45276,85],{"class":68},[58,45278,45279,45281,45283,45285,45287,45289,45292,45294],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45280,65],{"class":64},[58,45282,69],{"class":68},[58,45284,256],{"class":991},[58,45286,69],{"class":68},[58,45288,940],{"class":939},[58,45290,45291],{"class":943},"  42  ",[58,45293,940],{"class":939},[58,45295,85],{"class":68},[16,45297,132],{},[49,45299,45301],{"className":51,"code":45300,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5\n-12\n42\n",[20,45302,45303,45307,45313],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45304,45305],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45306,1037],{"class":81},[58,45308,45309,45311],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45310,78],{"class":77},[58,45312,296],{"class":81},[58,45314,45315],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45316,44780],{"class":81},[16,45318,45319],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[16,45321,45322],{},"Examples that fail:",[49,45324,45326],{"className":51,"code":45325,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,45327,45328,45333],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45329,45330],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45331,45332],{"class":1773},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[58,45334,45335],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45336,45337],{"class":1773},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[16,45339,45340,45341,45343],{},"These raise ",[20,45342,38869],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[617,45345,45347],{"id":45346},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[49,45349,45351],{"className":51,"code":45350,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[20,45352,45353,45371,45390],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45354,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367,45369],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45356,65],{"class":64},[58,45358,69],{"class":68},[58,45360,256],{"class":991},[58,45362,69],{"class":68},[58,45364,940],{"class":939},[58,45366,183],{"class":943},[58,45368,940],{"class":939},[58,45370,85],{"class":68},[58,45372,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383,45386,45388],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45374,65],{"class":64},[58,45376,69],{"class":68},[58,45378,256],{"class":991},[58,45380,69],{"class":68},[58,45382,940],{"class":939},[58,45384,45385],{"class":943},"+7",[58,45387,940],{"class":939},[58,45389,85],{"class":68},[58,45391,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402,45405,45407],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45393,65],{"class":64},[58,45395,69],{"class":68},[58,45397,256],{"class":991},[58,45399,69],{"class":68},[58,45401,940],{"class":939},[58,45403,45404],{"class":943},"-100",[58,45406,940],{"class":939},[58,45408,85],{"class":68},[16,45410,132],{},[49,45412,45414],{"className":51,"code":45413,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0\n7\n-100\n",[20,45415,45416,45421,45425],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45417,45418],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45419,45420],{"class":81},"0\n",[58,45422,45423],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45424,142],{"class":81},[58,45426,45427,45429],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45428,78],{"class":77},[58,45430,45431],{"class":81},"100\n",[617,45433,45435],{"id":45434},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[49,45437,45439],{"className":51,"code":45438,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[20,45440,45441,45479,45483,45495,45502,45517,45532],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45442,45443,45445,45447,45449,45451,45453,45455,45457,45459,45462,45464,45466,45468,45470,45472,45475,45477],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45444,1936],{"class":286},[58,45446,290],{"class":77},[58,45448,1730],{"class":68},[58,45450,940],{"class":939},[58,45452,38308],{"class":943},[58,45454,940],{"class":939},[58,45456,1082],{"class":68},[58,45458,1450],{"class":939},[58,45460,45461],{"class":943},"12abc",[58,45463,940],{"class":939},[58,45465,1082],{"class":68},[58,45467,4253],{"class":939},[58,45469,1082],{"class":68},[58,45471,1450],{"class":939},[58,45473,45474],{"class":943},"seven",[58,45476,940],{"class":939},[58,45478,1743],{"class":68},[58,45480,45481],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45482,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,45484,45485,45487,45489,45491,45493],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45486,4084],{"class":1991},[58,45488,19737],{"class":286},[58,45490,1998],{"class":1991},[58,45492,2001],{"class":286},[58,45494,4521],{"class":68},[58,45496,45497,45500],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,45498,45499],{"class":1991},"    try",[58,45501,4521],{"class":68},[58,45503,45504,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,45505,45506],{"class":64},"        print",[58,45508,69],{"class":68},[58,45510,256],{"class":991},[58,45512,69],{"class":68},[58,45514,553],{"class":239},[58,45516,85],{"class":68},[58,45518,45519,45522,45524,45527,45530],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,45520,45521],{"class":1991},"    except",[58,45523,40092],{"class":991},[58,45525,45526],{"class":1991}," as",[58,45528,45529],{"class":286}," error",[58,45531,4521],{"class":68},[58,45533,45534,45536,45538,45540,45542,45544,45546,45549,45551,45554,45556,45559,45561,45563],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,45535,45506],{"class":64},[58,45537,69],{"class":68},[58,45539,20447],{"class":126},[58,45541,940],{"class":943},[58,45543,7416],{"class":81},[58,45545,553],{"class":239},[58,45547,45548],{"class":126},"!r",[58,45550,20456],{"class":81},[58,45552,45553],{"class":943}," -> ",[58,45555,7416],{"class":81},[58,45557,45558],{"class":239},"error",[58,45560,20456],{"class":81},[58,45562,940],{"class":943},[58,45564,243],{"class":68},[16,45566,132],{},[49,45568,45570],{"className":51,"code":45569,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[20,45571,45572,45608,45640,45665],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45573,45574,45576,45578,45580,45583,45586,45588,45590,45592,45595,45598,45600,45602,45604,45606],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45575,1396],{"class":41495},[58,45577,38308],{"class":41499},[58,45579,1396],{"class":41495},[58,45581,45582],{"class":35530}," ->",[58,45584,45585],{"class":286}," invalid literal ",[58,45587,4084],{"class":1991},[58,45589,43444],{"class":991},[58,45591,5496],{"class":68},[58,45593,45594],{"class":1991}," with",[58,45596,45597],{"class":286}," base ",[58,45599,408],{"class":81},[58,45601,973],{"class":68},[58,45603,1391],{"class":939},[58,45605,38308],{"class":943},[58,45607,27856],{"class":939},[58,45609,45610,45612,45614,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636,45638],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45611,1396],{"class":939},[58,45613,45461],{"class":943},[58,45615,1396],{"class":939},[58,45617,45582],{"class":35530},[58,45619,45585],{"class":286},[58,45621,4084],{"class":1991},[58,45623,43444],{"class":991},[58,45625,5496],{"class":68},[58,45627,45594],{"class":1991},[58,45629,45597],{"class":286},[58,45631,408],{"class":81},[58,45633,973],{"class":68},[58,45635,1391],{"class":939},[58,45637,45461],{"class":943},[58,45639,27856],{"class":939},[58,45641,45642,45644,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660,45662],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45643,1886],{"class":939},[58,45645,45582],{"class":35530},[58,45647,45585],{"class":286},[58,45649,4084],{"class":1991},[58,45651,43444],{"class":991},[58,45653,5496],{"class":68},[58,45655,45594],{"class":1991},[58,45657,45597],{"class":286},[58,45659,408],{"class":81},[58,45661,973],{"class":68},[58,45663,45664],{"class":939}," ''\n",[58,45666,45667,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679,45681,45683,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,45668,1396],{"class":939},[58,45670,45474],{"class":943},[58,45672,1396],{"class":939},[58,45674,45582],{"class":35530},[58,45676,45585],{"class":286},[58,45678,4084],{"class":1991},[58,45680,43444],{"class":991},[58,45682,5496],{"class":68},[58,45684,45594],{"class":1991},[58,45686,45597],{"class":286},[58,45688,408],{"class":81},[58,45690,973],{"class":68},[58,45692,1391],{"class":939},[58,45694,45474],{"class":943},[58,45696,27856],{"class":939},[16,45698,45699,45700,45702,45703,499],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[374,45701,7118],{"href":7117}," and the ",[374,45704,45705,380],{"href":6353},[20,45706,1048],{},[44,45708,6552,45710,45712],{"id":45709},"using-int-with-floats",[20,45711,965],{}," with floats",[16,45714,45715,45716,45718],{},"When you pass a float to ",[20,45717,965],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[16,45720,45721,45722,12201,45724,45726],{},"Important: ",[20,45723,965],{},[1855,45725,2751],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[49,45728,45730],{"className":51,"code":45729,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[20,45731,45732,45746,45761,45777],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45733,45734,45736,45738,45740,45742,45744],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45735,65],{"class":64},[58,45737,69],{"class":68},[58,45739,256],{"class":991},[58,45741,69],{"class":68},[58,45743,40150],{"class":81},[58,45745,85],{"class":68},[58,45747,45748,45750,45752,45754,45756,45759],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45749,65],{"class":64},[58,45751,69],{"class":68},[58,45753,256],{"class":991},[58,45755,69],{"class":68},[58,45757,45758],{"class":81},"3.1",[58,45760,85],{"class":68},[58,45762,45763,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45764,65],{"class":64},[58,45766,69],{"class":68},[58,45768,256],{"class":991},[58,45770,69],{"class":68},[58,45772,78],{"class":77},[58,45774,40150],{"class":81},[58,45776,85],{"class":68},[58,45778,45779,45781,45783,45785,45787,45789,45791],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,45780,65],{"class":64},[58,45782,69],{"class":68},[58,45784,256],{"class":991},[58,45786,69],{"class":68},[58,45788,78],{"class":77},[58,45790,45758],{"class":81},[58,45792,85],{"class":68},[16,45794,132],{},[49,45796,45798],{"className":51,"code":45797,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[20,45799,45800,45804,45808,45814],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45801,45802],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45803,44785],{"class":81},[58,45805,45806],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45807,44785],{"class":81},[58,45809,45810,45812],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45811,78],{"class":77},[58,45813,44785],{"class":81},[58,45815,45816,45818],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,45817,78],{"class":77},[58,45819,44785],{"class":81},[16,45821,45822],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[28,45824,45825,45832],{},[31,45826,45827,40321,45830],{},[20,45828,45829],{},"int(3.9)",[20,45831,123],{},[31,45833,45834,40321,45837],{},[20,45835,45836],{},"int(-3.9)",[20,45838,45839],{},"-3",[16,45841,45842,45843,45847,45848,499],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[374,45844,45845],{"href":969},[20,45846,972],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[374,45849,45850],{"href":40341},[20,45851,45852],{},"str()",[44,45854,6552,45856,45858],{"id":45855},"using-int-with-booleans",[20,45857,965],{}," with booleans",[16,45860,45861],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[49,45863,45865],{"className":51,"code":45864,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[20,45866,45867,45881],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45868,45869,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45870,65],{"class":64},[58,45872,69],{"class":68},[58,45874,256],{"class":991},[58,45876,69],{"class":68},[58,45878,1710],{"class":1966},[58,45880,85],{"class":68},[58,45882,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45884,65],{"class":64},[58,45886,69],{"class":68},[58,45888,256],{"class":991},[58,45890,69],{"class":68},[58,45892,1784],{"class":1966},[58,45894,85],{"class":68},[16,45896,132],{},[49,45898,45900],{"className":51,"code":45899,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1\n0\n",[20,45901,45902,45906],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45903,45904],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45905,45085],{"class":81},[58,45907,45908],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45909,45420],{"class":81},[16,45911,45912],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[49,45914,45916],{"className":51,"code":45915,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[20,45917,45918,45927,45942,45946],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45919,45920,45923,45925],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45921,45922],{"class":286},"passed ",[58,45924,290],{"class":77},[58,45926,4551],{"class":1966},[58,45928,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937,45940],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,45930,39348],{"class":286},[58,45932,290],{"class":77},[58,45934,43444],{"class":991},[58,45936,69],{"class":68},[58,45938,45939],{"class":239},"passed",[58,45941,243],{"class":68},[58,45943,45944],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,45945,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,45947,45948,45950,45952,45954],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,45949,65],{"class":64},[58,45951,69],{"class":68},[58,45953,39377],{"class":239},[58,45955,243],{"class":68},[16,45957,132],{},[49,45959,45960],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,45961,45962],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45963,45964],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45965,45085],{"class":81},[16,45967,45968,45969,499],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[374,45970,45971,380],{"href":3906},[20,45972,1926],{},[44,45974,45976],{"id":45975},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[16,45978,45979,45980,45983],{},"Use the ",[20,45981,45982],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[617,45985,45987],{"id":45986},"binary-example","Binary example",[49,45989,45991],{"className":51,"code":45990,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[20,45992,45993],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,45994,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011,46013],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,45996,65],{"class":64},[58,45998,69],{"class":68},[58,46000,256],{"class":991},[58,46002,69],{"class":68},[58,46004,940],{"class":939},[58,46006,44760],{"class":943},[58,46008,940],{"class":939},[58,46010,1082],{"class":68},[58,46012,1085],{"class":81},[58,46014,85],{"class":68},[16,46016,132],{},[49,46018,46019],{"className":51,"code":1037,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,46020,46021],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46022,46023],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46024,1037],{"class":81},[16,46026,46027,46030],{},[20,46028,46029],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[28,46032,46033,46038,46043],{},[31,46034,46035],{},[20,46036,46037],{},"1 × 4",[31,46039,46040],{},[20,46041,46042],{},"0 × 2",[31,46044,46045],{},[20,46046,46047],{},"1 × 1",[16,46049,46050,46051,499],{},"So the result is ",[20,46052,200],{},[617,46054,46056],{"id":46055},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[49,46058,46060],{"className":51,"code":46059,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[20,46061,46062],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46063,46064,46066,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080,46082],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46065,65],{"class":64},[58,46067,69],{"class":68},[58,46069,256],{"class":991},[58,46071,69],{"class":68},[58,46073,940],{"class":939},[58,46075,45185],{"class":943},[58,46077,940],{"class":939},[58,46079,1082],{"class":68},[58,46081,12135],{"class":81},[58,46083,85],{"class":68},[16,46085,132],{},[49,46087,46088],{"className":51,"code":45214,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,46089,46090],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46091,46092],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46093,45214],{"class":81},[617,46095,46097],{"id":46096},"important-rule","Important rule",[16,46099,18,46100,46102],{},[20,46101,45982],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[16,46104,46105],{},"Good:",[49,46107,46108],{"className":51,"code":45990,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,46109,46110],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46111,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122,46124,46126,46128,46130],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46113,65],{"class":64},[58,46115,69],{"class":68},[58,46117,256],{"class":991},[58,46119,69],{"class":68},[58,46121,940],{"class":939},[58,46123,44760],{"class":943},[58,46125,940],{"class":939},[58,46127,1082],{"class":68},[58,46129,1085],{"class":81},[58,46131,85],{"class":68},[16,46133,46134],{},"Not correct:",[49,46136,46138],{"className":51,"code":46137,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# int(101, 2)\n",[20,46139,46140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46141,46142],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46143,46137],{"class":1773},[16,46145,46146,46147,6737,46149,46151],{},"That causes a ",[20,46148,1098],{},[20,46150,45982],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[44,46153,46155],{"id":46154},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[16,46157,46158,46159,46161,46162,2512,46164,499],{},"Two common errors with ",[20,46160,965],{}," are ",[20,46163,38869],{},[20,46165,1098],{},[617,46167,46168],{"id":39679},[20,46169,38869],{},[16,46171,46172],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[16,46174,276],{},[49,46176,46178],{"className":51,"code":46177,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[20,46179,46180,46186,46204,46216],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46181,46182,46184],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46183,27960],{"class":1991},[58,46185,4521],{"class":68},[58,46187,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200,46202],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,46189,6202],{"class":64},[58,46191,69],{"class":68},[58,46193,256],{"class":991},[58,46195,69],{"class":68},[58,46197,940],{"class":939},[58,46199,38308],{"class":943},[58,46201,940],{"class":939},[58,46203,85],{"class":68},[58,46205,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,46207,27991],{"class":1991},[58,46209,40092],{"class":991},[58,46211,45526],{"class":1991},[58,46213,45529],{"class":286},[58,46215,4521],{"class":68},[58,46217,46218,46220,46222,46224],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,46219,6202],{"class":64},[58,46221,69],{"class":68},[58,46223,45558],{"class":239},[58,46225,243],{"class":68},[16,46227,132],{},[49,46229,46231],{"className":51,"code":46230,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[20,46232,46233],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46234,46235,46238,46240,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46236,46237],{"class":286},"invalid literal ",[58,46239,4084],{"class":1991},[58,46241,43444],{"class":991},[58,46243,5496],{"class":68},[58,46245,45594],{"class":1991},[58,46247,45597],{"class":286},[58,46249,408],{"class":81},[58,46251,973],{"class":68},[58,46253,1391],{"class":939},[58,46255,38308],{"class":943},[58,46257,27856],{"class":939},[16,46259,46260,46261,46264,46265,46267],{},"A decimal string like ",[20,46262,46263],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[20,46266,965],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[49,46269,46271],{"className":51,"code":46270,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[20,46272,46273],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46274,46275,46277,46279,46281,46283,46285,46287,46289,46291,46293],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46276,65],{"class":64},[58,46278,69],{"class":68},[58,46280,256],{"class":991},[58,46282,69],{"class":68},[58,46284,260],{"class":991},[58,46286,69],{"class":68},[58,46288,940],{"class":939},[58,46290,38308],{"class":943},[58,46292,940],{"class":939},[58,46294,1002],{"class":68},[16,46296,132],{},[49,46298,46299],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,46300,46301],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46302,46303],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46304,44785],{"class":81},[16,46306,46307,46308,2512,46311,499],{},"If you see this often, read ",[374,46309,46310],{"href":1052},"how to convert string to int in Python",[374,46312,23834,46313],{"href":44084},[20,46314,44085],{},[617,46316,46317],{"id":39745},[20,46318,1098],{},[16,46320,46321],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[16,46323,276],{},[49,46325,46327],{"className":51,"code":46326,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[20,46328,46329,46335,46349,46362],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46330,46331,46333],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46332,27960],{"class":1991},[58,46334,4521],{"class":68},[58,46336,46337,46339,46341,46343,46345,46347],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,46338,6202],{"class":64},[58,46340,69],{"class":68},[58,46342,256],{"class":991},[58,46344,69],{"class":68},[58,46346,1891],{"class":1966},[58,46348,85],{"class":68},[58,46350,46351,46353,46356,46358,46360],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,46352,27991],{"class":1991},[58,46354,46355],{"class":991}," TypeError",[58,46357,45526],{"class":1991},[58,46359,45529],{"class":286},[58,46361,4521],{"class":68},[58,46363,46364,46366,46368,46370],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,46365,6202],{"class":64},[58,46367,69],{"class":68},[58,46369,45558],{"class":239},[58,46371,243],{"class":68},[16,46373,132],{},[49,46375,46377],{"className":51,"code":46376,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[20,46378,46379],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46380,46381,46383,46385,46388,46390,46392,46395,46397,46400,46402,46405,46407,46409,46411,46413,46416],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46382,256],{"class":991},[58,46384,5496],{"class":68},[58,46386,46387],{"class":286}," argument must be a string",[58,46389,1082],{"class":68},[58,46391,42712],{"class":286},[58,46393,46394],{"class":991},"bytes",[58,46396,78],{"class":77},[58,46398,46399],{"class":286},"like ",[58,46401,40565],{"class":991},[58,46403,46404],{"class":77}," or",[58,46406,39005],{"class":286},[58,46408,1082],{"class":68},[58,46410,6233],{"class":77},[58,46412,1391],{"class":939},[58,46414,46415],{"class":943},"NoneType",[58,46417,27856],{"class":939},[16,46419,46420,46421,46423],{},"Another example is using the ",[20,46422,45982],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[49,46425,46427],{"className":51,"code":46426,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[20,46428,46429,46435,46453,46465],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46430,46431,46433],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46432,27960],{"class":1991},[58,46434,4521],{"class":68},[58,46436,46437,46439,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,46438,6202],{"class":64},[58,46440,69],{"class":68},[58,46442,256],{"class":991},[58,46444,69],{"class":68},[58,46446,44760],{"class":81},[58,46448,1082],{"class":68},[58,46450,1085],{"class":81},[58,46452,85],{"class":68},[58,46454,46455,46457,46459,46461,46463],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,46456,27991],{"class":1991},[58,46458,46355],{"class":991},[58,46460,45526],{"class":1991},[58,46462,45529],{"class":286},[58,46464,4521],{"class":68},[58,46466,46467,46469,46471,46473],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,46468,6202],{"class":64},[58,46470,69],{"class":68},[58,46472,45558],{"class":239},[58,46474,243],{"class":68},[16,46476,132],{},[49,46478,46480],{"className":51,"code":46479,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[20,46481,46482],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46483,46484,46486,46488,46491,46493],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46485,256],{"class":991},[58,46487,5496],{"class":68},[58,46489,46490],{"class":286}," can",[58,46492,1396],{"class":939},[58,46494,46495],{"class":943},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[44,46497,3083,46499],{"id":46498},"when-to-use-int",[20,46500,965],{},[16,46502,155,46503,46505],{},[20,46504,965],{}," when you need a whole number.",[16,46507,46508],{},"Common uses:",[28,46510,46511,46517,46520,46523],{},[31,46512,46513,46514,46516],{},"Convert user input from ",[20,46515,1048],{}," into integers",[31,46518,46519],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[31,46521,46522],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[31,46524,46525,46526,34778],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[20,46527,45982],{},[16,46529,46530],{},"Example with user input:",[49,46532,46534],{"className":51,"code":46533,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[20,46535,46536,46550,46565,46569],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46537,46538,46541,46543,46545,46548],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46539,46540],{"class":286},"age_text ",[58,46542,290],{"class":77},[58,46544,1450],{"class":939},[58,46546,46547],{"class":943},"18",[58,46549,1456],{"class":939},[58,46551,46552,46554,46556,46558,46560,46563],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,46553,19781],{"class":286},[58,46555,290],{"class":77},[58,46557,43444],{"class":991},[58,46559,69],{"class":68},[58,46561,46562],{"class":239},"age_text",[58,46564,243],{"class":68},[58,46566,46567],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,46568,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,46570,46571,46573,46575,46577,46579,46581],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,46572,65],{"class":64},[58,46574,69],{"class":68},[58,46576,19781],{"class":239},[58,46578,120],{"class":77},[58,46580,3623],{"class":81},[58,46582,243],{"class":68},[16,46584,132],{},[49,46586,46588],{"className":51,"code":46587,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"19\n",[20,46589,46590],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46591,46592],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46593,46587],{"class":81},[44,46595,914],{"id":913},[16,46597,12881,46598,499],{},[20,46599,965],{},[617,46601,46603],{"id":46602},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[16,46605,46606],{},"This fails:",[49,46608,46610],{"className":51,"code":46609,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[20,46611,46612],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46613,46614],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46615,46609],{"class":1773},[16,46617,46618,46619,46622],{},"Why: ",[20,46620,46621],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[16,46624,16992],{},[49,46626,46628],{"className":51,"code":46627,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[20,46629,46630],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46631,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46633,65],{"class":64},[58,46635,69],{"class":68},[58,46637,256],{"class":991},[58,46639,69],{"class":68},[58,46641,260],{"class":991},[58,46643,69],{"class":68},[58,46645,940],{"class":939},[58,46647,39289],{"class":943},[58,46649,940],{"class":939},[58,46651,1002],{"class":68},[617,46653,46655],{"id":46654},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[16,46657,46606],{},[49,46659,46661],{"className":51,"code":46660,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[20,46662,46663],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46664,46665],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46666,46660],{"class":1773},[16,46668,46669],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[617,46671,46673,46674],{"id":46672},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[20,46675,46676],{},"int(None)",[16,46678,46679,46680,46682],{},"This fails because ",[20,46681,1891],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[49,46684,46686],{"className":51,"code":46685,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[20,46687,46688,46697,46701,46707,46721,46733],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46689,46690,46692,46694],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46691,526],{"class":286},[58,46693,290],{"class":77},[58,46695,46696],{"class":1966}," None\n",[58,46698,46699],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,46700,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,46702,46703,46705],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,46704,27960],{"class":1991},[58,46706,4521],{"class":68},[58,46708,46709,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,46710,6202],{"class":64},[58,46712,69],{"class":68},[58,46714,256],{"class":991},[58,46716,69],{"class":68},[58,46718,553],{"class":239},[58,46720,85],{"class":68},[58,46722,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,46724,27991],{"class":1991},[58,46726,46355],{"class":991},[58,46728,45526],{"class":1991},[58,46730,45529],{"class":286},[58,46732,4521],{"class":68},[58,46734,46735,46737,46739,46741],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,46736,6202],{"class":64},[58,46738,69],{"class":68},[58,46740,45558],{"class":239},[58,46742,243],{"class":68},[617,46744,46746],{"id":46745},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[16,46748,46606],{},[49,46750,46751],{"className":51,"code":46137,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,46752,46753],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46754,46755],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46756,46137],{"class":1773},[16,46758,46759],{},"Use a string instead:",[49,46761,46762],{"className":51,"code":45990,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,46763,46764],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46765,46766,46768,46770,46772,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782,46784],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46767,65],{"class":64},[58,46769,69],{"class":68},[58,46771,256],{"class":991},[58,46773,69],{"class":68},[58,46775,940],{"class":939},[58,46777,44760],{"class":943},[58,46779,940],{"class":939},[58,46781,1082],{"class":68},[58,46783,1085],{"class":81},[58,46785,85],{"class":68},[617,46787,6588,46789,46791],{"id":46788},"expecting-int-to-round",[20,46790,965],{}," to round",[16,46793,46794],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[49,46796,46798],{"className":51,"code":46797,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(int(4.9))\n",[20,46799,46800],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46801,46802,46804,46806,46808,46810,46813],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46803,65],{"class":64},[58,46805,69],{"class":68},[58,46807,256],{"class":991},[58,46809,69],{"class":68},[58,46811,46812],{"class":81},"4.9",[58,46814,85],{"class":68},[16,46816,132],{},[49,46818,46820],{"className":51,"code":46819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"4\n",[20,46821,46822],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,46823,46824],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,46825,46819],{"class":81},[16,46827,1263,46828,46830,46831,46833],{},[20,46829,200],{},", remember that ",[20,46832,965],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[44,46835,1555],{"id":1554},[617,46837,10849,46839,46841],{"id":46838},"does-int-round-numbers",[20,46840,965],{}," round numbers?",[16,46843,44533,46844,46846],{},[20,46845,965],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[617,46848,3281,46850,46853],{"id":46849},"why-does-int314-fail",[20,46851,46852],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[16,46855,27217,46856,46858,46859,46861,46862,38094],{},[20,46857,46263],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[20,46860,972],{}," first, then use ",[20,46863,965],{},[617,46865,3265,46867,10861],{"id":46866},"what-does-inttrue-return",[20,46868,46869],{},"int(True)",[16,46871,3271,46872,26469,46874,40321,46876,499],{},[20,46873,1079],{},[20,46875,1784],{},[20,46877,183],{},[617,46879,46881],{"id":46880},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[16,46883,46884],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[44,46886,1603],{"id":1602},[28,46888,46889,46895,46901,46907,46912,46916,46922],{},[31,46890,46891],{},[374,46892,46893,1612],{"href":969},[20,46894,972],{},[31,46896,46897],{},[374,46898,46899,1612],{"href":40341},[20,46900,45852],{},[31,46902,46903],{},[374,46904,46905,1612],{"href":3906},[20,46906,1926],{},[31,46908,46909],{},[374,46910,46911],{"href":1052},"How to convert string to int in Python",[31,46913,46914],{},[374,46915,7195],{"href":7117},[31,46917,46918],{},[374,46919,46920,1612],{"href":6353},[20,46921,1048],{},[31,46923,46924],{},[374,46925,28504,46926],{"href":44084},[20,46927,44085],{},[1635,46929,46930],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":46932},[46933,46934,46936,46940,46945,46947,46949,46954,46958,46960,46969,46978],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":44797,"depth":88,"text":46935},"What int() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":46937},[46938,46939],{"id":44988,"depth":104,"text":44991},{"id":45088,"depth":104,"text":45091},{"id":45224,"depth":88,"text":46941,"children":46942},"Using int() with strings",[46943,46944],{"id":45346,"depth":104,"text":45347},{"id":45434,"depth":104,"text":45435},{"id":45709,"depth":88,"text":46946},"Using int() with floats",{"id":45855,"depth":88,"text":46948},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":45975,"depth":88,"text":45976,"children":46950},[46951,46952,46953],{"id":45986,"depth":104,"text":45987},{"id":46055,"depth":104,"text":46056},{"id":46096,"depth":104,"text":46097},{"id":46154,"depth":88,"text":46155,"children":46955},[46956,46957],{"id":39679,"depth":104,"text":38869},{"id":39745,"depth":104,"text":1098},{"id":46498,"depth":88,"text":46959},"When to use int()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":46961},[46962,46963,46964,46966,46967],{"id":46602,"depth":104,"text":46603},{"id":46654,"depth":104,"text":46655},{"id":46672,"depth":104,"text":46965},"Trying int(None)",{"id":46745,"depth":104,"text":46746},{"id":46788,"depth":104,"text":46968},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":46970},[46971,46973,46975,46977],{"id":46838,"depth":104,"text":46972},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":46849,"depth":104,"text":46974},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":46866,"depth":104,"text":46976},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":46880,"depth":104,"text":46881},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":40262,"description":46979},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":46986,"title":46987,"body":46988,"description":48824,"extension":1667,"meta":48825,"navigation":318,"path":42970,"seo":48826,"stem":48827,"__hash__":48828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":46989,"toc":48780},[46990,46995,47000,47008,47017,47019,47078,47084,47089,47094,47097,47125,47128,47131,47142,47152,47154,47156,47176,47180,47208,47210,47249,47251,47259,47261,47264,47268,47321,47323,47335,47339,47396,47398,47410,47416,47422,47426,47429,47432,47498,47500,47512,47518,47520,47572,47575,47616,47619,47626,47635,47641,47644,47677,47683,47686,47717,47723,47726,47738,47742,47747,47751,47909,47911,47926,47929,47933,48037,48039,48056,48060,48121,48123,48131,48134,48138,48205,48207,48216,48222,48224,48233,48235,48270,48275,48277,48307,48311,48313,48350,48353,48355,48392,48398,48400,48450,48452,48460,48470,48476,48480,48485,48534,48536,48549,48552,48554,48557,48632,48635,48654,48657,48687,48697,48699,48704,48711,48717,48723,48730,48738,48744,48747,48749,48777],[12,46991,1681,46993,1685],{"id":46992},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[20,46994,42973],{},[16,46996,46997,46999],{},[20,46998,42973],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[16,47001,47002,47003,966,47005,47007],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[20,47004,1710],{},[20,47006,1784],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[16,47009,47010,47011,47013,47014,47016],{},"In many cases, ",[20,47012,42973],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[20,47015,379],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[44,47018,1715],{"id":1714},[49,47020,47022],{"className":51,"code":47021,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[20,47023,47024,47032,47036,47057],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47025,47026,47028,47030],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47027,526],{"class":286},[58,47029,290],{"class":77},[58,47031,670],{"class":81},[58,47033,47034],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47035,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47037,47038,47040,47042,47045,47047,47049,47051,47053,47055],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47039,65],{"class":64},[58,47041,69],{"class":68},[58,47043,47044],{"class":64},"isinstance",[58,47046,69],{"class":68},[58,47048,553],{"class":239},[58,47050,1082],{"class":68},[58,47052,43444],{"class":991},[58,47054,3486],{"class":68},[58,47056,42022],{"class":1773},[58,47058,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069,47071,47074,47076],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,47060,65],{"class":64},[58,47062,69],{"class":68},[58,47064,47044],{"class":64},[58,47066,69],{"class":68},[58,47068,553],{"class":239},[58,47070,1082],{"class":68},[58,47072,47073],{"class":991}," str",[58,47075,3486],{"class":68},[58,47077,42039],{"class":1773},[16,47079,155,47080,47083],{},[20,47081,47082],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[44,47085,1788,47087,1791],{"id":47086},"what-isinstance-does",[20,47088,42973],{},[16,47090,47091,47093],{},[20,47092,42973],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[16,47095,47096],{},"It:",[28,47098,47099,47102,47108,47111],{},[31,47100,47101],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[31,47103,9566,47104,966,47106],{},[20,47105,1710],{},[20,47107,1784],{},[31,47109,47110],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[31,47112,47113,47114,257,47116,257,47118,257,47120,15222,47123],{},"Is commonly used with ",[20,47115,1542],{},[20,47117,256],{},[20,47119,6227],{},[20,47121,47122],{},"tuple",[20,47124,6958],{},[16,47126,47127],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[16,47129,47130],{},"For example, you might want to:",[28,47132,47133,47136,47139],{},[31,47134,47135],{},"loop through a list",[31,47137,47138],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[31,47140,47141],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[16,47143,47144,47145,966,47148,499],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[374,47146,42965],{"href":47147},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[374,47149,47151],{"href":47150},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[44,47153,222],{"id":221},[16,47155,225],{},[49,47157,47159],{"className":51,"code":47158,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[20,47160,47161],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47162,47163,47165,47167,47169,47171,47174],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47164,47044],{"class":64},[58,47166,69],{"class":68},[58,47168,40565],{"class":991},[58,47170,1082],{"class":68},[58,47172,47173],{"class":239}," classinfo",[58,47175,243],{"class":68},[617,47177,47179],{"id":47178},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[28,47181,47182,47187,47201],{},[31,47183,47184,47186],{},[20,47185,40565],{}," is the value you want to test",[31,47188,47189,47192,47193,257,47195,257,47197,261,47199],{},[20,47190,47191],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[20,47194,256],{},[20,47196,1542],{},[20,47198,6227],{},[20,47200,6958],{},[31,47202,47203,47204,966,47206],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[20,47205,1710],{},[20,47207,1784],{},[16,47209,276],{},[49,47211,47213],{"className":51,"code":47212,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[20,47214,47215,47227,47231],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47216,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47218,6009],{"class":286},[58,47220,290],{"class":77},[58,47222,1450],{"class":939},[58,47224,9652],{"class":943},[58,47226,1456],{"class":939},[58,47228,47229],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47230,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47232,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243,47245,47247],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47234,65],{"class":64},[58,47236,69],{"class":68},[58,47238,47044],{"class":64},[58,47240,69],{"class":68},[58,47242,5799],{"class":239},[58,47244,1082],{"class":68},[58,47246,47073],{"class":991},[58,47248,85],{"class":68},[16,47250,132],{},[49,47252,47253],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,47254,47255],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47256,47257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47258,2096],{"class":1966},[44,47260,9618],{"id":9617},[16,47262,47263],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[617,47265,47267],{"id":47266},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[49,47269,47271],{"className":51,"code":47270,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[20,47272,47273,47281,47285,47303],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47274,47275,47277,47279],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47276,526],{"class":286},[58,47278,290],{"class":77},[58,47280,43393],{"class":81},[58,47282,47283],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47284,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47286,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47301],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47288,65],{"class":64},[58,47290,69],{"class":68},[58,47292,47044],{"class":64},[58,47294,69],{"class":68},[58,47296,553],{"class":239},[58,47298,1082],{"class":68},[58,47300,43444],{"class":991},[58,47302,85],{"class":68},[58,47304,47305,47307,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,47306,65],{"class":64},[58,47308,69],{"class":68},[58,47310,47044],{"class":64},[58,47312,69],{"class":68},[58,47314,553],{"class":239},[58,47316,1082],{"class":68},[58,47318,47073],{"class":991},[58,47320,85],{"class":68},[16,47322,132],{},[49,47324,47325],{"className":51,"code":42341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,47326,47327,47331],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47328,47329],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47330,2096],{"class":1966},[58,47332,47333],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47334,2157],{"class":1966},[617,47336,47338],{"id":47337},"check-text","Check text",[49,47340,47342],{"className":51,"code":47341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[20,47343,47344,47356,47360,47378],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47345,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47347,32847],{"class":286},[58,47349,290],{"class":77},[58,47351,1450],{"class":939},[58,47353,1959],{"class":943},[58,47355,1456],{"class":939},[58,47357,47358],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47359,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47361,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47363,65],{"class":64},[58,47365,69],{"class":68},[58,47367,47044],{"class":64},[58,47369,69],{"class":68},[58,47371,32868],{"class":239},[58,47373,1082],{"class":68},[58,47375,47073],{"class":991},[58,47377,85],{"class":68},[58,47379,47380,47382,47384,47386,47388,47390,47392,47394],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,47381,65],{"class":64},[58,47383,69],{"class":68},[58,47385,47044],{"class":64},[58,47387,69],{"class":68},[58,47389,32868],{"class":239},[58,47391,1082],{"class":68},[58,47393,43444],{"class":991},[58,47395,85],{"class":68},[16,47397,132],{},[49,47399,47400],{"className":51,"code":42341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,47401,47402,47406],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47403,47404],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47405,2096],{"class":1966},[58,47407,47408],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47409,2157],{"class":1966},[16,47411,47412,47413,47415],{},"In both examples, ",[20,47414,42973],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[16,47417,47418,47419,499],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[374,47420,47421],{"href":1052},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[44,47423,47425],{"id":47424},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[16,47427,47428],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[16,47430,47431],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[49,47433,47435],{"className":51,"code":47434,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[20,47436,47437,47446,47450,47474],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47438,47439,47441,47443],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47440,526],{"class":286},[58,47442,290],{"class":77},[58,47444,47445],{"class":81}," 3.5\n",[58,47447,47448],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47449,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47451,47452,47454,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47453,65],{"class":64},[58,47455,69],{"class":68},[58,47457,47044],{"class":64},[58,47459,69],{"class":68},[58,47461,553],{"class":239},[58,47463,1082],{"class":68},[58,47465,7374],{"class":68},[58,47467,256],{"class":991},[58,47469,1082],{"class":68},[58,47471,38420],{"class":991},[58,47473,1002],{"class":68},[58,47475,47476,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492,47494,47496],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,47477,65],{"class":64},[58,47479,69],{"class":68},[58,47481,47044],{"class":64},[58,47483,69],{"class":68},[58,47485,553],{"class":239},[58,47487,1082],{"class":68},[58,47489,7374],{"class":68},[58,47491,1542],{"class":991},[58,47493,1082],{"class":68},[58,47495,20713],{"class":991},[58,47497,1002],{"class":68},[16,47499,132],{},[49,47501,47502],{"className":51,"code":42341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,47503,47504,47508],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47505,47506],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47507,2096],{"class":1966},[58,47509,47510],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47511,2157],{"class":1966},[16,47513,47514,47515,47517],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[20,47516,39002],{}," conditions.",[16,47519,6432],{},[49,47521,47523],{"className":51,"code":47522,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[20,47524,47525,47533,47537],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47526,47527,47529,47531],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47528,526],{"class":286},[58,47530,290],{"class":77},[58,47532,47445],{"class":81},[58,47534,47535],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47536,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47538,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47560,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47540,65],{"class":64},[58,47542,69],{"class":68},[58,47544,1316],{"class":991},[58,47546,69],{"class":68},[58,47548,553],{"class":239},[58,47550,1770],{"class":68},[58,47552,4536],{"class":77},[58,47554,43444],{"class":991},[58,47556,46404],{"class":1991},[58,47558,47559],{"class":991}," type",[58,47561,69],{"class":68},[58,47563,553],{"class":239},[58,47565,1770],{"class":68},[58,47567,4536],{"class":77},[58,47569,38420],{"class":991},[58,47571,243],{"class":68},[16,47573,47574],{},"you can write this:",[49,47576,47578],{"className":51,"code":47577,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[20,47579,47580,47588,47592],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47581,47582,47584,47586],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47583,526],{"class":286},[58,47585,290],{"class":77},[58,47587,47445],{"class":81},[58,47589,47590],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47591,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47593,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47595,65],{"class":64},[58,47597,69],{"class":68},[58,47599,47044],{"class":64},[58,47601,69],{"class":68},[58,47603,553],{"class":239},[58,47605,1082],{"class":68},[58,47607,7374],{"class":68},[58,47609,256],{"class":991},[58,47611,1082],{"class":68},[58,47613,38420],{"class":991},[58,47615,1002],{"class":68},[16,47617,47618],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[44,47620,47622,8725,47624],{"id":47621},"isinstance-vs-type",[20,47623,42973],{},[20,47625,379],{},[16,47627,8730,47628,2512,47630,47634],{},[20,47629,42973],{},[374,47631,47632],{"href":376},[20,47633,379],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[617,47636,47638],{"id":47637},"typevalue-int",[20,47639,47640],{},"type(value) == int",[16,47642,47643],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[49,47645,47647],{"className":51,"code":47646,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[20,47648,47649,47657],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47650,47651,47653,47655],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47652,526],{"class":286},[58,47654,290],{"class":77},[58,47656,670],{"class":81},[58,47658,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47660,65],{"class":64},[58,47662,69],{"class":68},[58,47664,1316],{"class":991},[58,47666,69],{"class":68},[58,47668,553],{"class":239},[58,47670,1770],{"class":68},[58,47672,4536],{"class":77},[58,47674,43444],{"class":991},[58,47676,243],{"class":68},[617,47678,47680],{"id":47679},"isinstancevalue-int",[20,47681,47682],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[16,47684,47685],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[49,47687,47689],{"className":51,"code":47688,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[20,47690,47691,47699],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47692,47693,47695,47697],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47694,526],{"class":286},[58,47696,290],{"class":77},[58,47698,670],{"class":81},[58,47700,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709,47711,47713,47715],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47702,65],{"class":64},[58,47704,69],{"class":68},[58,47706,47044],{"class":64},[58,47708,69],{"class":68},[58,47710,553],{"class":239},[58,47712,1082],{"class":68},[58,47714,43444],{"class":991},[58,47716,85],{"class":68},[16,47718,47719,47720,47722],{},"For beginners, ",[20,47721,42973],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[16,47724,47725],{},"In everyday code:",[28,47727,47728,47733],{},[31,47729,38155,47730,47732],{},[20,47731,379],{}," when you need the exact type",[31,47734,38155,47735,47737],{},[20,47736,42973],{}," when you want a practical type check",[44,47739,47741],{"id":47740},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[16,47743,47744,47745,499],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[20,47746,42973],{},[617,47748,47750],{"id":47749},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[49,47752,47754],{"className":51,"code":47753,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[20,47755,47756,47774,47793,47805,47810,47828,47839,47843,47855,47859,47883],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47757,47758,47760,47763,47765,47767,47769,47772],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47759,33011],{"class":126},[58,47761,47762],{"class":33014}," repeat_text",[58,47764,69],{"class":68},[58,47766,32868],{"class":35826},[58,47768,1082],{"class":68},[58,47770,47771],{"class":35826}," count",[58,47773,6476],{"class":68},[58,47775,47776,47778,47780,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47777,4526],{"class":1991},[58,47779,6233],{"class":77},[58,47781,47782],{"class":64}," isinstance",[58,47784,69],{"class":68},[58,47786,32868],{"class":239},[58,47788,1082],{"class":68},[58,47790,47073],{"class":991},[58,47792,6476],{"class":68},[58,47794,47795,47798,47800,47803],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47796,47797],{"class":1991},"        return",[58,47799,1450],{"class":939},[58,47801,47802],{"class":943},"text must be a string",[58,47804,1456],{"class":939},[58,47806,47807],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,47808,47809],{"class":286},"    \n",[58,47811,47812,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824,47826],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,47813,4526],{"class":1991},[58,47815,6233],{"class":77},[58,47817,47782],{"class":64},[58,47819,69],{"class":68},[58,47821,39425],{"class":239},[58,47823,1082],{"class":68},[58,47825,43444],{"class":991},[58,47827,6476],{"class":68},[58,47829,47830,47832,47834,47837],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,47831,47797],{"class":1991},[58,47833,1450],{"class":939},[58,47835,47836],{"class":943},"count must be an integer",[58,47838,1456],{"class":939},[58,47840,47841],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,47842,47809],{"class":286},[58,47844,47845,47847,47850,47852],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,47846,33022],{"class":1991},[58,47848,47849],{"class":286}," text ",[58,47851,38037],{"class":77},[58,47853,47854],{"class":286}," count\n",[58,47856,47857],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,47858,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47860,47861,47863,47865,47868,47870,47872,47875,47877,47879,47881],{"class":60,"line":4565},[58,47862,65],{"class":64},[58,47864,69],{"class":68},[58,47866,47867],{"class":239},"repeat_text",[58,47869,69],{"class":68},[58,47871,940],{"class":939},[58,47873,47874],{"class":943},"Hi ",[58,47876,940],{"class":939},[58,47878,1082],{"class":68},[58,47880,531],{"class":81},[58,47882,85],{"class":68},[58,47884,47885,47887,47889,47891,47893,47895,47897,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907],{"class":60,"line":9738},[58,47886,65],{"class":64},[58,47888,69],{"class":68},[58,47890,47867],{"class":239},[58,47892,69],{"class":68},[58,47894,940],{"class":939},[58,47896,47874],{"class":943},[58,47898,940],{"class":939},[58,47900,1082],{"class":68},[58,47902,1450],{"class":939},[58,47904,123],{"class":943},[58,47906,940],{"class":939},[58,47908,85],{"class":68},[16,47910,132],{},[49,47912,47914],{"className":51,"code":47913,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[20,47915,47916,47921],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47917,47918],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47919,47920],{"class":286},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[58,47922,47923],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47924,47925],{"class":286},"count must be an integer\n",[16,47927,47928],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[617,47930,47932],{"id":47931},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[49,47934,47936],{"className":51,"code":47935,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[20,47937,47938,47970,47974,47990,48005,48022],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,47939,47940,47942,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966,47968],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,47941,526],{"class":286},[58,47943,290],{"class":77},[58,47945,1730],{"class":68},[58,47947,940],{"class":939},[58,47949,374],{"class":943},[58,47951,940],{"class":939},[58,47953,1082],{"class":68},[58,47955,1450],{"class":939},[58,47957,2882],{"class":943},[58,47959,940],{"class":939},[58,47961,1082],{"class":68},[58,47963,1450],{"class":939},[58,47965,7878],{"class":943},[58,47967,940],{"class":939},[58,47969,1743],{"class":68},[58,47971,47972],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,47973,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,47975,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,47977,5127],{"class":1991},[58,47979,47782],{"class":64},[58,47981,69],{"class":68},[58,47983,553],{"class":239},[58,47985,1082],{"class":68},[58,47987,47073],{"class":991},[58,47989,6476],{"class":68},[58,47991,47992,47994,47996,47998,48001,48003],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,47993,6202],{"class":64},[58,47995,69],{"class":68},[58,47997,940],{"class":939},[58,47999,48000],{"class":943},"This is text",[58,48002,940],{"class":939},[58,48004,243],{"class":68},[58,48006,48007,48010,48012,48014,48016,48018,48020],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,48008,48009],{"class":1991},"elif",[58,48011,47782],{"class":64},[58,48013,69],{"class":68},[58,48015,553],{"class":239},[58,48017,1082],{"class":68},[58,48019,20713],{"class":991},[58,48021,6476],{"class":68},[58,48023,48024,48026,48028,48030,48033,48035],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,48025,6202],{"class":64},[58,48027,69],{"class":68},[58,48029,940],{"class":939},[58,48031,48032],{"class":943},"This is a list",[58,48034,940],{"class":939},[58,48036,243],{"class":68},[16,48038,132],{},[49,48040,48042],{"className":51,"code":48041,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"This is a list\n",[20,48043,48044],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48045,48046,48049,48051,48053],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48047,48048],{"class":286},"This ",[58,48050,10338],{"class":77},[58,48052,42712],{"class":286},[58,48054,48055],{"class":991},"list\n",[617,48057,48059],{"id":48058},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[49,48061,48063],{"className":51,"code":48062,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[20,48064,48065,48077,48081,48097,48111],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48066,48067,48069,48071,48073,48075],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48068,526],{"class":286},[58,48070,290],{"class":77},[58,48072,1450],{"class":939},[58,48074,44694],{"class":943},[58,48076,1456],{"class":939},[58,48078,48079],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48080,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,48082,48083,48085,48087,48089,48091,48093,48095],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,48084,5127],{"class":1991},[58,48086,47782],{"class":64},[58,48088,69],{"class":68},[58,48090,553],{"class":239},[58,48092,1082],{"class":68},[58,48094,47073],{"class":991},[58,48096,6476],{"class":68},[58,48098,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,48100,40056],{"class":286},[58,48102,290],{"class":77},[58,48104,43444],{"class":991},[58,48106,69],{"class":68},[58,48108,553],{"class":239},[58,48110,243],{"class":68},[58,48112,48113,48115,48117,48119],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,48114,6202],{"class":64},[58,48116,69],{"class":68},[58,48118,311],{"class":239},[58,48120,243],{"class":68},[16,48122,132],{},[49,48124,48125],{"className":51,"code":44780,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,48126,48127],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48128,48129],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48130,44780],{"class":81},[16,48132,48133],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[617,48135,48137],{"id":48136},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[49,48139,48141],{"className":51,"code":48140,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[20,48142,48143,48167,48171,48187],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48144,48145,48147,48149,48151,48153,48155,48157,48159,48161,48163,48165],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48146,526],{"class":286},[58,48148,290],{"class":77},[58,48150,8630],{"class":68},[58,48152,940],{"class":939},[58,48154,5799],{"class":943},[58,48156,940],{"class":939},[58,48158,973],{"class":68},[58,48160,1450],{"class":939},[58,48162,11026],{"class":943},[58,48164,940],{"class":939},[58,48166,7447],{"class":68},[58,48168,48169],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48170,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,48172,48173,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183,48185],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,48174,5127],{"class":1991},[58,48176,47782],{"class":64},[58,48178,69],{"class":68},[58,48180,553],{"class":239},[58,48182,1082],{"class":68},[58,48184,7308],{"class":991},[58,48186,6476],{"class":68},[58,48188,48189,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,48190,6202],{"class":64},[58,48192,69],{"class":68},[58,48194,553],{"class":239},[58,48196,2016],{"class":68},[58,48198,940],{"class":939},[58,48200,5799],{"class":943},[58,48202,940],{"class":939},[58,48204,2004],{"class":68},[16,48206,132],{},[49,48208,48210],{"className":51,"code":48209,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Ana\n",[20,48211,48212],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48213,48214],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48215,48209],{"class":286},[16,48217,48218,48219,48221],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[20,48220,1098],{}," messages later.",[44,48223,2638],{"id":2637},[617,48225,48227,48228,9233,48231],{"id":48226},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[20,48229,48230],{},"\"int\"",[20,48232,256],{},[16,48234,14793],{},[49,48236,48238],{"className":51,"code":48237,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[20,48239,48240,48248],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48241,48242,48244,48246],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48243,526],{"class":286},[58,48245,290],{"class":77},[58,48247,670],{"class":81},[58,48249,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48251,65],{"class":64},[58,48253,69],{"class":68},[58,48255,47044],{"class":64},[58,48257,69],{"class":68},[58,48259,553],{"class":239},[58,48261,1082],{"class":68},[58,48263,1450],{"class":939},[58,48265,256],{"class":943},[58,48267,940],{"class":939},[58,48269,85],{"class":68},[16,48271,48272,48274],{},[20,48273,48230],{}," is a string, not a type.",[16,48276,14805],{},[49,48278,48279],{"className":51,"code":47688,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,48280,48281,48289],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48282,48283,48285,48287],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48284,526],{"class":286},[58,48286,290],{"class":77},[58,48288,670],{"class":81},[58,48290,48291,48293,48295,48297,48299,48301,48303,48305],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48292,65],{"class":64},[58,48294,69],{"class":68},[58,48296,47044],{"class":64},[58,48298,69],{"class":68},[58,48300,553],{"class":239},[58,48302,1082],{"class":68},[58,48304,43444],{"class":991},[58,48306,85],{"class":68},[617,48308,48310],{"id":48309},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[16,48312,14793],{},[49,48314,48316],{"className":51,"code":48315,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[20,48317,48318,48326],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48319,48320,48322,48324],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48321,526],{"class":286},[58,48323,290],{"class":77},[58,48325,33002],{"class":81},[58,48327,48328,48330,48332,48334,48336,48338,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48329,65],{"class":64},[58,48331,69],{"class":68},[58,48333,47044],{"class":64},[58,48335,69],{"class":68},[58,48337,553],{"class":239},[58,48339,1082],{"class":68},[58,48341,1730],{"class":68},[58,48343,256],{"class":991},[58,48345,1082],{"class":68},[58,48347,38420],{"class":991},[58,48349,1092],{"class":68},[16,48351,48352],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[16,48354,14805],{},[49,48356,48358],{"className":51,"code":48357,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[20,48359,48360,48368],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48361,48362,48364,48366],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48363,526],{"class":286},[58,48365,290],{"class":77},[58,48367,33002],{"class":81},[58,48369,48370,48372,48374,48376,48378,48380,48382,48384,48386,48388,48390],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48371,65],{"class":64},[58,48373,69],{"class":68},[58,48375,47044],{"class":64},[58,48377,69],{"class":68},[58,48379,553],{"class":239},[58,48381,1082],{"class":68},[58,48383,7374],{"class":68},[58,48385,256],{"class":991},[58,48387,1082],{"class":68},[58,48389,38420],{"class":991},[58,48391,1002],{"class":68},[617,48393,23929,48395,48397],{"id":48394},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[20,48396,42973],{}," converts a value",[16,48399,17065],{},[49,48401,48403],{"className":51,"code":48402,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,48404,48405,48418,48436,48440],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48406,48407,48409,48411,48413,48416],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48408,526],{"class":286},[58,48410,290],{"class":77},[58,48412,1450],{"class":939},[58,48414,48415],{"class":943},"123",[58,48417,1456],{"class":939},[58,48419,48420,48422,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48421,301],{"class":286},[58,48423,290],{"class":77},[58,48425,47782],{"class":64},[58,48427,69],{"class":68},[58,48429,553],{"class":239},[58,48431,1082],{"class":68},[58,48433,43444],{"class":991},[58,48435,243],{"class":68},[58,48437,48438],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,48439,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,48441,48442,48444,48446,48448],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,48443,65],{"class":64},[58,48445,69],{"class":68},[58,48447,340],{"class":239},[58,48449,243],{"class":68},[16,48451,132],{},[49,48453,48454],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,48455,48456],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48457,48458],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48459,2157],{"class":1966},[16,48461,48462,48463,48466,48467,48469],{},"This does not convert ",[20,48464,48465],{},"\"123\""," into ",[20,48468,48415],{},". It only checks the type.",[16,48471,48472,48473,4760],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[20,48474,48475],{},"int(value)",[617,48477,48479],{"id":48478},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[16,48481,48482,48484],{},[20,48483,42973],{}," does not modify anything.",[49,48486,48488],{"className":51,"code":48487,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[20,48489,48490,48502,48506,48524],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48491,48492,48494,48496,48498,48500],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48493,526],{"class":286},[58,48495,290],{"class":77},[58,48497,1450],{"class":939},[58,48499,11705],{"class":943},[58,48501,1456],{"class":939},[58,48503,48504],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48505,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,48507,48508,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518,48520,48522],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,48509,65],{"class":64},[58,48511,69],{"class":68},[58,48513,47044],{"class":64},[58,48515,69],{"class":68},[58,48517,553],{"class":239},[58,48519,1082],{"class":68},[58,48521,47073],{"class":991},[58,48523,85],{"class":68},[58,48525,48526,48528,48530,48532],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,48527,65],{"class":64},[58,48529,69],{"class":68},[58,48531,553],{"class":239},[58,48533,243],{"class":68},[16,48535,132],{},[49,48537,48539],{"className":51,"code":48538,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\n100\n",[20,48540,48541,48545],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48542,48543],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48544,2096],{"class":1966},[58,48546,48547],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48548,45431],{"class":81},[16,48550,48551],{},"The value stays the same.",[44,48553,24097],{"id":24096},[16,48555,48556],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[49,48558,48560],{"className":51,"code":48559,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[20,48561,48562,48576,48594,48618],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48563,48564,48566,48568,48570,48572,48574],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48565,65],{"class":64},[58,48567,69],{"class":68},[58,48569,1316],{"class":991},[58,48571,69],{"class":68},[58,48573,553],{"class":239},[58,48575,85],{"class":68},[58,48577,48578,48580,48582,48584,48586,48588,48590,48592],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48579,65],{"class":64},[58,48581,69],{"class":68},[58,48583,47044],{"class":64},[58,48585,69],{"class":68},[58,48587,553],{"class":239},[58,48589,1082],{"class":68},[58,48591,43444],{"class":991},[58,48593,85],{"class":68},[58,48595,48596,48598,48600,48602,48604,48606,48608,48610,48612,48614,48616],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,48597,65],{"class":64},[58,48599,69],{"class":68},[58,48601,47044],{"class":64},[58,48603,69],{"class":68},[58,48605,553],{"class":239},[58,48607,1082],{"class":68},[58,48609,7374],{"class":68},[58,48611,256],{"class":991},[58,48613,1082],{"class":68},[58,48615,38420],{"class":991},[58,48617,1002],{"class":68},[58,48619,48620,48622,48624,48626,48628,48630],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,48621,65],{"class":64},[58,48623,69],{"class":68},[58,48625,39945],{"class":64},[58,48627,69],{"class":68},[58,48629,553],{"class":239},[58,48631,85],{"class":68},[16,48633,48634],{},"These can help when:",[28,48636,48637,48640,48645,48648],{},[31,48638,48639],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[31,48641,48642,48643],{},"you are getting a ",[20,48644,1098],{},[31,48646,48647],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[31,48649,48650,48651,48653],{},"the second argument to ",[20,48652,42973],{}," is invalid",[16,48655,48656],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[28,48658,48659,48673,48679,48684],{},[31,48660,48661,48662,966,48665,48668,48669,966,48671],{},"using ",[20,48663,48664],{},"'int'",[20,48666,48667],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[20,48670,256],{},[20,48672,1542],{},[31,48674,48675,48676,48678],{},"expecting ",[20,48677,42973],{}," to convert a value",[31,48680,48661,48681,48683],{},[20,48682,379],{}," when inherited types should also match",[31,48685,48686],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[16,48688,48689,48690,499],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[374,48691,48693,48694],{"href":48692},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[20,48695,48696],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[44,48698,1555],{"id":1554},[617,48700,3265,48702,3268],{"id":48701},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[20,48703,42973],{},[16,48705,3271,48706,48708,48709,499],{},[20,48707,1710],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[20,48710,1784],{},[617,48712,3293,48714,48716],{"id":48713},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[20,48715,42973],{}," check more than one type?",[16,48718,48719,48720,499],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[20,48721,48722],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[617,48724,3303,48726,2512,48728,573],{"id":48725},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[20,48727,42973],{},[20,48729,379],{},[16,48731,48732,48734,48735,48737],{},[20,48733,379],{}," gives the exact type. ",[20,48736,42973],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[617,48739,10849,48741,48743],{"id":48740},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[20,48742,42973],{}," convert a value?",[16,48745,48746],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[44,48748,1603],{"id":1602},[28,48750,48751,48757,48761,48766,48771],{},[31,48752,48753],{},[374,48754,1681,48755,1612],{"href":376},[20,48756,379],{},[31,48758,48759],{},[374,48760,42965],{"href":47147},[31,48762,48763],{},[374,48764,48765],{"href":1052},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[31,48767,48768],{},[374,48769,48770],{"href":47150},"What is a data type in Python?",[31,48772,48773],{},[374,48774,48693,48775],{"href":48692},[20,48776,48696],{},[1635,48778,48779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":48781},[48782,48783,48785,48788,48792,48793,48798,48804,48812,48813,48823],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":47086,"depth":88,"text":48784},"What isinstance() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":48786},[48787],{"id":47178,"depth":104,"text":47179},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618,"children":48789},[48790,48791],{"id":47266,"depth":104,"text":47267},{"id":47337,"depth":104,"text":47338},{"id":47424,"depth":88,"text":47425},{"id":47621,"depth":88,"text":48794,"children":48795},"isinstance() vs type()",[48796,48797],{"id":47637,"depth":104,"text":47640},{"id":47679,"depth":104,"text":47682},{"id":47740,"depth":88,"text":47741,"children":48799},[48800,48801,48802,48803],{"id":47749,"depth":104,"text":47750},{"id":47931,"depth":104,"text":47932},{"id":48058,"depth":104,"text":48059},{"id":48136,"depth":104,"text":48137},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":48805},[48806,48808,48809,48811],{"id":48226,"depth":104,"text":48807},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":48309,"depth":104,"text":48310},{"id":48394,"depth":104,"text":48810},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":48478,"depth":104,"text":48479},{"id":24096,"depth":88,"text":24097},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":48814},[48815,48817,48819,48821],{"id":48701,"depth":104,"text":48816},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":48713,"depth":104,"text":48818},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":48725,"depth":104,"text":48820},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":48740,"depth":104,"text":48822},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":46987,"description":48824},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":48830,"title":48831,"body":48832,"description":50805,"extension":1667,"meta":50806,"navigation":318,"path":50807,"seo":50808,"stem":50809,"__hash__":50810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":48833,"toc":50780},[48834,48837,48842,48847,48861,48864,48866,48941,48946,48950,48955,48958,48972,48974,49140,49153,49155,49157,49172,49175,49178,49191,49193,49291,49295,49301,49304,49313,49315,49350,49355,49376,49381,49386,49418,49421,49478,49482,49488,49491,49544,49546,49586,49589,49657,49660,49711,49718,49722,49728,49813,49819,49825,49874,49877,49880,49930,49932,49937,49941,49991,49995,50042,50046,50123,50127,50192,50195,50199,50204,50209,50221,50223,50242,50248,50251,50270,50275,50302,50309,50313,50319,50322,50417,50420,50423,50472,50477,50479,50483,50518,50521,50578,50588,50591,50625,50628,50630,50634,50637,50641,50644,50648,50651,50655,50668,50672,50677,50679,50729,50741,50743,50777],[12,48835,48831],{"id":48836},"python-len-function-explained",[16,48838,7260,48839,48841],{},[20,48840,40527],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[16,48843,33566,48844,48846],{},[20,48845,40527],{}," to count:",[28,48848,48849,48852,48855,48858],{},[31,48850,48851],{},"characters in a string",[31,48853,48854],{},"items in a list or tuple",[31,48856,48857],{},"keys in a dictionary",[31,48859,48860],{},"unique items in a set",[16,48862,48863],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[44,48865,47],{"id":46},[49,48867,48869],{"className":51,"code":48868,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[20,48870,48871,48883,48903,48907,48924],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48872,48873,48875,48877,48879,48881],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48874,32847],{"class":286},[58,48876,290],{"class":77},[58,48878,1450],{"class":939},[58,48880,1959],{"class":943},[58,48882,1456],{"class":939},[58,48884,48885,48887,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48886,5911],{"class":286},[58,48888,290],{"class":77},[58,48890,1730],{"class":68},[58,48892,408],{"class":81},[58,48894,1082],{"class":68},[58,48896,5922],{"class":81},[58,48898,1082],{"class":68},[58,48900,5927],{"class":81},[58,48902,1743],{"class":68},[58,48904,48905],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,48906,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,48908,48909,48911,48913,48915,48917,48919,48921],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,48910,65],{"class":64},[58,48912,69],{"class":68},[58,48914,9303],{"class":64},[58,48916,69],{"class":68},[58,48918,32868],{"class":239},[58,48920,3486],{"class":68},[58,48922,48923],{"class":1773},"   # 5\n",[58,48925,48926,48928,48930,48932,48934,48936,48938],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,48927,65],{"class":64},[58,48929,69],{"class":68},[58,48931,9303],{"class":64},[58,48933,69],{"class":68},[58,48935,5942],{"class":239},[58,48937,3486],{"class":68},[58,48939,48940],{"class":1773},"  # 3\n",[16,48942,155,48943,48945],{},[20,48944,40527],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[44,48947,48949],{"id":48948},"what-len-does","What len() does",[16,48951,48952,48954],{},[20,48953,40527],{}," returns the size of an object.",[16,48956,48957],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[28,48959,48960,48963,48966,48969],{},[31,48961,48962],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[31,48964,48965],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[31,48967,48968],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[31,48970,48971],{},"It always returns an integer",[16,48973,276],{},[49,48975,48977],{"className":51,"code":48976,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[20,48978,48979,48991,49016,49048,49068,49072,49089,49106,49123],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,48980,48981,48983,48985,48987,48989],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,48982,6009],{"class":286},[58,48984,290],{"class":77},[58,48986,1450],{"class":939},[58,48988,5808],{"class":943},[58,48990,1456],{"class":939},[58,48992,48993,48995,48997,48999,49001,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49014],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,48994,1725],{"class":286},[58,48996,290],{"class":77},[58,48998,1730],{"class":68},[58,49000,408],{"class":81},[58,49002,1082],{"class":68},[58,49004,5922],{"class":81},[58,49006,1082],{"class":68},[58,49008,5927],{"class":81},[58,49010,1082],{"class":68},[58,49012,49013],{"class":81}," 40",[58,49015,1743],{"class":68},[58,49017,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044,49046],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,49019,7303],{"class":286},[58,49021,290],{"class":77},[58,49023,8630],{"class":68},[58,49025,940],{"class":939},[58,49027,374],{"class":943},[58,49029,940],{"class":939},[58,49031,973],{"class":68},[58,49033,3623],{"class":81},[58,49035,1082],{"class":68},[58,49037,1450],{"class":939},[58,49039,2882],{"class":943},[58,49041,940],{"class":939},[58,49043,973],{"class":68},[58,49045,1085],{"class":81},[58,49047,7447],{"class":68},[58,49049,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058,49060,49062,49064,49066],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,49051,1936],{"class":286},[58,49053,290],{"class":77},[58,49055,8630],{"class":68},[58,49057,200],{"class":81},[58,49059,1082],{"class":68},[58,49061,35807],{"class":81},[58,49063,1082],{"class":68},[58,49065,4120],{"class":81},[58,49067,7447],{"class":68},[58,49069,49070],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,49071,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,49073,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,49075,65],{"class":64},[58,49077,69],{"class":68},[58,49079,9303],{"class":64},[58,49081,69],{"class":68},[58,49083,5799],{"class":239},[58,49085,3486],{"class":68},[58,49087,49088],{"class":1773},"     # 3\n",[58,49090,49091,49093,49095,49097,49099,49101,49103],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,49092,65],{"class":64},[58,49094,69],{"class":68},[58,49096,9303],{"class":64},[58,49098,69],{"class":68},[58,49100,1757],{"class":239},[58,49102,3486],{"class":68},[58,49104,49105],{"class":1773},"  # 4\n",[58,49107,49108,49110,49112,49114,49116,49118,49120],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,49109,65],{"class":64},[58,49111,69],{"class":68},[58,49113,9303],{"class":64},[58,49115,69],{"class":68},[58,49117,7342],{"class":239},[58,49119,3486],{"class":68},[58,49121,49122],{"class":1773},"     # 2\n",[58,49124,49125,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,49126,65],{"class":64},[58,49128,69],{"class":68},[58,49130,9303],{"class":64},[58,49132,69],{"class":68},[58,49134,3483],{"class":239},[58,49136,3486],{"class":68},[58,49138,49139],{"class":1773},"   # 3\n",[16,49141,49142,49143,257,49147,15222,49151,499],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[374,49144,49146],{"href":49145},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[374,49148,49150],{"href":49149},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[374,49152,7293],{"href":7292},[44,49154,222],{"id":221},[16,49156,225],{},[49,49158,49160],{"className":51,"code":49159,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"len(object)\n",[20,49161,49162],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49163,49164,49166,49168,49170],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49165,9303],{"class":64},[58,49167,69],{"class":68},[58,49169,40565],{"class":991},[58,49171,243],{"class":68},[16,49173,49174],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[16,49176,49177],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[28,49179,49180,49182,49184,49186,49188],{},[31,49181,36071],{},[31,49183,36065],{},[31,49185,36068],{},[31,49187,36074],{},[31,49189,49190],{},"a dictionary",[16,49192,276],{},[49,49194,49196],{"className":51,"code":49195,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[20,49197,49198,49219,49243,49265],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49199,49200,49202,49204,49206,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49201,65],{"class":64},[58,49203,69],{"class":68},[58,49205,9303],{"class":64},[58,49207,69],{"class":68},[58,49209,940],{"class":939},[58,49211,53],{"class":943},[58,49213,940],{"class":939},[58,49215,3486],{"class":68},[58,49217,49218],{"class":1773},"      # 6\n",[58,49220,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49222,65],{"class":64},[58,49224,69],{"class":68},[58,49226,9303],{"class":64},[58,49228,1076],{"class":68},[58,49230,1079],{"class":81},[58,49232,1082],{"class":68},[58,49234,1085],{"class":81},[58,49236,1082],{"class":68},[58,49238,531],{"class":81},[58,49240,2856],{"class":68},[58,49242,49088],{"class":1773},[58,49244,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49262],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,49246,65],{"class":64},[58,49248,69],{"class":68},[58,49250,9303],{"class":64},[58,49252,3636],{"class":68},[58,49254,408],{"class":81},[58,49256,1082],{"class":68},[58,49258,5922],{"class":81},[58,49260,49261],{"class":68},")))",[58,49263,49264],{"class":1773},"      # 2\n",[58,49266,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285,49288],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,49268,65],{"class":64},[58,49270,69],{"class":68},[58,49272,9303],{"class":64},[58,49274,3655],{"class":68},[58,49276,940],{"class":939},[58,49278,240],{"class":943},[58,49280,940],{"class":939},[58,49282,973],{"class":68},[58,49284,3623],{"class":81},[58,49286,49287],{"class":68},"}))",[58,49289,49290],{"class":1773},"      # 1\n",[44,49292,49294],{"id":49293},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[16,49296,49297,49298,49300],{},"When you use ",[20,49299,40527],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[16,49302,49303],{},"That includes:",[28,49305,49306,49308,49310],{},[31,49307,34305],{},[31,49309,8591],{},[31,49311,49312],{},"punctuation",[16,49314,276],{},[49,49316,49318],{"className":51,"code":49317,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[20,49319,49320,49333],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49321,49322,49324,49326,49328,49331],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49323,32847],{"class":286},[58,49325,290],{"class":77},[58,49327,1450],{"class":939},[58,49329,49330],{"class":943},"Hi there!",[58,49332,1456],{"class":939},[58,49334,49335,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49336,65],{"class":64},[58,49338,69],{"class":68},[58,49340,9303],{"class":64},[58,49342,69],{"class":68},[58,49344,32868],{"class":239},[58,49346,3486],{"class":68},[58,49348,49349],{"class":1773},"  # 9\n",[16,49351,49352,49353,573],{},"Why is the result ",[20,49354,208],{},[28,49356,49357,49363,49367,49370],{},[31,49358,49359,49362],{},[20,49360,49361],{},"H"," = 1",[31,49364,49365,49362],{},[20,49366,34316],{},[31,49368,49369],{},"space = 1",[31,49371,49372,49375],{},[20,49373,49374],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[16,49377,49378,49379],{},"Total: ",[20,49380,208],{},[16,49382,49383,49384,973],{},"An empty string has length ",[20,49385,183],{},[49,49387,49389],{"className":51,"code":49388,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[20,49390,49391,49400],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49392,49393,49396,49398],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49394,49395],{"class":286},"empty_text ",[58,49397,290],{"class":77},[58,49399,6014],{"class":939},[58,49401,49402,49404,49406,49408,49410,49413,49415],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49403,65],{"class":64},[58,49405,69],{"class":68},[58,49407,9303],{"class":64},[58,49409,69],{"class":68},[58,49411,49412],{"class":239},"empty_text",[58,49414,3486],{"class":68},[58,49416,49417],{"class":1773},"  # 0\n",[16,49419,49420],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[49,49422,49424],{"className":51,"code":49423,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[20,49425,49426,49439,49443,49463],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49427,49428,49431,49433,49435,49437],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49429,49430],{"class":286},"user_name ",[58,49432,290],{"class":77},[58,49434,1450],{"class":939},[58,49436,3126],{"class":943},[58,49438,1456],{"class":939},[58,49440,49441],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49442,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,49444,49445,49447,49449,49451,49454,49456,49459,49461],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,49446,5127],{"class":1991},[58,49448,36550],{"class":64},[58,49450,69],{"class":68},[58,49452,49453],{"class":239},"user_name",[58,49455,1770],{"class":68},[58,49457,49458],{"class":77}," >=",[58,49460,531],{"class":81},[58,49462,4521],{"class":68},[58,49464,49465,49467,49469,49471,49474,49476],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,49466,6202],{"class":64},[58,49468,69],{"class":68},[58,49470,940],{"class":939},[58,49472,49473],{"class":943},"Name is long enough",[58,49475,940],{"class":939},[58,49477,243],{"class":68},[44,49479,49481],{"id":49480},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[16,49483,49484,49485,49487],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[20,49486,40527],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[16,49489,49490],{},"Example with a list:",[49,49492,49494],{"className":51,"code":49493,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[20,49495,49496,49528],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49497,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49499,11222],{"class":286},[58,49501,290],{"class":77},[58,49503,1730],{"class":68},[58,49505,940],{"class":939},[58,49507,11239],{"class":943},[58,49509,940],{"class":939},[58,49511,1082],{"class":68},[58,49513,1450],{"class":939},[58,49515,15606],{"class":943},[58,49517,940],{"class":939},[58,49519,1082],{"class":68},[58,49521,1450],{"class":939},[58,49523,11256],{"class":943},[58,49525,940],{"class":939},[58,49527,1743],{"class":68},[58,49529,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49531,65],{"class":64},[58,49533,69],{"class":68},[58,49535,9303],{"class":64},[58,49537,69],{"class":68},[58,49539,15653],{"class":239},[58,49541,3486],{"class":68},[58,49543,48940],{"class":1773},[16,49545,36080],{},[49,49547,49549],{"className":51,"code":49548,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[20,49550,49551,49568],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49552,49553,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49554,49555],{"class":286},"point ",[58,49557,290],{"class":77},[58,49559,7374],{"class":68},[58,49561,408],{"class":81},[58,49563,1082],{"class":68},[58,49565,5922],{"class":81},[58,49567,243],{"class":68},[58,49569,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49581,49583],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49571,65],{"class":64},[58,49573,69],{"class":68},[58,49575,9303],{"class":64},[58,49577,69],{"class":68},[58,49579,49580],{"class":239},"point",[58,49582,3486],{"class":68},[58,49584,49585],{"class":1773},"  # 2\n",[16,49587,49588],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[49,49590,49592],{"className":51,"code":49591,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[20,49593,49594,49618,49622,49640],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49595,49596,49598,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608,49610,49612,49614,49616],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49597,5911],{"class":286},[58,49599,290],{"class":77},[58,49601,1730],{"class":68},[58,49603,940],{"class":939},[58,49605,2196],{"class":943},[58,49607,940],{"class":939},[58,49609,1082],{"class":68},[58,49611,1450],{"class":939},[58,49613,2205],{"class":943},[58,49615,940],{"class":939},[58,49617,1743],{"class":68},[58,49619,49620],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49621,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,49623,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,49625,5127],{"class":1991},[58,49627,36550],{"class":64},[58,49629,69],{"class":68},[58,49631,5942],{"class":239},[58,49633,1770],{"class":68},[58,49635,36560],{"class":77},[58,49637,3623],{"class":81},[58,49639,4521],{"class":68},[58,49641,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,49643,6202],{"class":64},[58,49645,69],{"class":68},[58,49647,5942],{"class":239},[58,49649,2016],{"class":68},[58,49651,1079],{"class":81},[58,49653,18598],{"class":68},[58,49655,49656],{"class":1773},"  # banana\n",[16,49658,49659],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[49,49661,49663],{"className":51,"code":49662,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[20,49664,49665,49688],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49666,49667,49669,49671,49673,49676,49678,49681,49683,49686],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49668,3186],{"class":286},[58,49670,290],{"class":77},[58,49672,1730],{"class":68},[58,49674,49675],{"class":81},"88",[58,49677,1082],{"class":68},[58,49679,49680],{"class":81}," 91",[58,49682,1082],{"class":68},[58,49684,49685],{"class":81}," 75",[58,49687,1743],{"class":68},[58,49689,49690,49692,49694,49696,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49691,65],{"class":64},[58,49693,69],{"class":68},[58,49695,940],{"class":939},[58,49697,49698],{"class":943},"Number of scores:",[58,49700,940],{"class":939},[58,49702,1082],{"class":68},[58,49704,36550],{"class":64},[58,49706,69],{"class":68},[58,49708,14538],{"class":239},[58,49710,85],{"class":68},[16,49712,49713,49714,499],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[374,49715,49717],{"href":49716},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[44,49719,49721],{"id":49720},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[16,49723,49724,49725,49727],{},"For dictionaries, ",[20,49726,40527],{}," counts keys.",[49,49729,49731],{"className":51,"code":49730,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[20,49732,49733,49741,49759,49773,49789,49793,49797],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49734,49735,49737,49739],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49736,11009],{"class":286},[58,49738,290],{"class":77},[58,49740,9636],{"class":68},[58,49742,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49744,9641],{"class":939},[58,49746,5799],{"class":943},[58,49748,940],{"class":939},[58,49750,973],{"class":68},[58,49752,1450],{"class":939},[58,49754,6054],{"class":943},[58,49756,940],{"class":939},[58,49758,9657],{"class":68},[58,49760,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,49762,9641],{"class":939},[58,49764,7437],{"class":943},[58,49766,940],{"class":939},[58,49768,973],{"class":68},[58,49770,29100],{"class":81},[58,49772,9657],{"class":68},[58,49774,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,49776,9641],{"class":939},[58,49778,18043],{"class":943},[58,49780,940],{"class":939},[58,49782,973],{"class":68},[58,49784,1450],{"class":939},[58,49786,20398],{"class":943},[58,49788,1456],{"class":939},[58,49790,49791],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,49792,7447],{"class":68},[58,49794,49795],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,49796,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,49798,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,49800,65],{"class":64},[58,49802,69],{"class":68},[58,49804,9303],{"class":64},[58,49806,69],{"class":68},[58,49808,11773],{"class":239},[58,49810,3486],{"class":68},[58,49812,48940],{"class":1773},[16,49814,49815,49816,49818],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[20,49817,40527],{}," returns the number of keys.",[16,49820,49821,49822,49824],{},"For sets, ",[20,49823,40527],{}," counts unique items:",[49,49826,49828],{"className":51,"code":49827,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[20,49829,49830,49858],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49831,49832,49834,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49833,1725],{"class":286},[58,49835,290],{"class":77},[58,49837,8630],{"class":68},[58,49839,1079],{"class":81},[58,49841,1082],{"class":68},[58,49843,1085],{"class":81},[58,49845,1082],{"class":68},[58,49847,531],{"class":81},[58,49849,1082],{"class":68},[58,49851,531],{"class":81},[58,49853,1082],{"class":68},[58,49855,1085],{"class":81},[58,49857,7447],{"class":68},[58,49859,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49861,65],{"class":64},[58,49863,69],{"class":68},[58,49865,9303],{"class":64},[58,49867,69],{"class":68},[58,49869,1757],{"class":239},[58,49871,3486],{"class":68},[58,49873,48940],{"class":1773},[16,49875,49876],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[16,49878,49879],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[49,49881,49883],{"className":51,"code":49882,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[20,49884,49885,49893,49897,49915],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49886,49887,49889,49891],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49888,7303],{"class":286},[58,49890,290],{"class":77},[58,49892,7977],{"class":68},[58,49894,49895],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49896,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,49898,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,49900,5127],{"class":1991},[58,49902,36550],{"class":64},[58,49904,69],{"class":68},[58,49906,7342],{"class":239},[58,49908,1770],{"class":68},[58,49910,4536],{"class":77},[58,49912,1947],{"class":81},[58,49914,4521],{"class":68},[58,49916,49917,49919,49921,49923,49926,49928],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,49918,6202],{"class":64},[58,49920,69],{"class":68},[58,49922,940],{"class":939},[58,49924,49925],{"class":943},"The dictionary is empty",[58,49927,940],{"class":939},[58,49929,243],{"class":68},[44,49931,39211],{"id":39210},[16,49933,49934,49935,499],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[20,49936,40527],{},[617,49938,49940],{"id":49939},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[49,49942,49944],{"className":51,"code":49943,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[20,49945,49946,49954,49958,49976],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,49947,49948,49950,49952],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,49949,5911],{"class":286},[58,49951,290],{"class":77},[58,49953,5971],{"class":68},[58,49955,49956],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,49957,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,49959,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,49961,5127],{"class":1991},[58,49963,36550],{"class":64},[58,49965,69],{"class":68},[58,49967,5942],{"class":239},[58,49969,1770],{"class":68},[58,49971,4536],{"class":77},[58,49973,1947],{"class":81},[58,49975,4521],{"class":68},[58,49977,49978,49980,49982,49984,49987,49989],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,49979,6202],{"class":64},[58,49981,69],{"class":68},[58,49983,940],{"class":939},[58,49985,49986],{"class":943},"The list is empty",[58,49988,940],{"class":939},[58,49990,243],{"class":68},[617,49992,49994],{"id":49993},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[49,49996,49998],{"className":51,"code":49997,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[20,49999,50000,50019],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50001,50002,50004,50006,50008,50010,50012,50015,50017],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50003,4281],{"class":286},[58,50005,290],{"class":77},[58,50007,6376],{"class":64},[58,50009,69],{"class":68},[58,50011,940],{"class":939},[58,50013,50014],{"class":943},"Enter a word: ",[58,50016,940],{"class":939},[58,50018,243],{"class":68},[58,50020,50021,50023,50025,50027,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50022,65],{"class":64},[58,50024,69],{"class":68},[58,50026,940],{"class":939},[58,50028,50029],{"class":943},"Number of characters:",[58,50031,940],{"class":939},[58,50033,1082],{"class":68},[58,50035,36550],{"class":64},[58,50037,69],{"class":68},[58,50039,36555],{"class":239},[58,50041,85],{"class":68},[617,50043,50045],{"id":50044},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[49,50047,50049],{"className":51,"code":50048,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[20,50050,50051,50065,50069,50087,50102,50108],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50052,50053,50056,50058,50060,50063],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50054,50055],{"class":286},"password ",[58,50057,290],{"class":77},[58,50059,1450],{"class":939},[58,50061,50062],{"class":943},"secret123",[58,50064,1456],{"class":939},[58,50066,50067],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50068,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,50070,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,50072,5127],{"class":1991},[58,50074,36550],{"class":64},[58,50076,69],{"class":68},[58,50078,15772],{"class":239},[58,50080,1770],{"class":68},[58,50082,49458],{"class":77},[58,50084,4487],{"class":81},[58,50086,4521],{"class":68},[58,50088,50089,50091,50093,50095,50098,50100],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,50090,6202],{"class":64},[58,50092,69],{"class":68},[58,50094,940],{"class":939},[58,50096,50097],{"class":943},"Password length is valid",[58,50099,940],{"class":939},[58,50101,243],{"class":68},[58,50103,50104,50106],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,50105,25589],{"class":1991},[58,50107,4521],{"class":68},[58,50109,50110,50112,50114,50116,50119,50121],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,50111,6202],{"class":64},[58,50113,69],{"class":68},[58,50115,940],{"class":939},[58,50117,50118],{"class":943},"Password is too short",[58,50120,940],{"class":939},[58,50122,243],{"class":68},[617,50124,50126],{"id":50125},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[49,50128,50130],{"className":51,"code":50129,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[20,50131,50132,50168],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50133,50134,50137,50139,50141,50143,50146,50148,50150,50152,50155,50157,50159,50161,50164,50166],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50135,50136],{"class":286},"results ",[58,50138,290],{"class":77},[58,50140,1730],{"class":68},[58,50142,940],{"class":939},[58,50144,50145],{"class":943},"item1",[58,50147,940],{"class":939},[58,50149,1082],{"class":68},[58,50151,1450],{"class":939},[58,50153,50154],{"class":943},"item2",[58,50156,940],{"class":939},[58,50158,1082],{"class":68},[58,50160,1450],{"class":939},[58,50162,50163],{"class":943},"item3",[58,50165,940],{"class":939},[58,50167,1743],{"class":68},[58,50169,50170,50172,50174,50176,50179,50181,50183,50185,50187,50190],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50171,65],{"class":64},[58,50173,69],{"class":68},[58,50175,940],{"class":939},[58,50177,50178],{"class":943},"Items found:",[58,50180,940],{"class":939},[58,50182,1082],{"class":68},[58,50184,36550],{"class":64},[58,50186,69],{"class":68},[58,50188,50189],{"class":239},"results",[58,50191,85],{"class":68},[16,50193,50194],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[44,50196,50198],{"id":50197},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[16,50200,50201,50203],{},[20,50202,40527],{}," does not work on every value.",[16,50205,50206,50207,973],{},"These will raise a ",[20,50208,1098],{},[28,50210,50211,50214,50217],{},[31,50212,50213],{},"plain integers",[31,50215,50216],{},"floats",[31,50218,50219],{},[20,50220,1891],{},[16,50222,276],{},[49,50224,50226],{"className":51,"code":50225,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(len(5))\n",[20,50227,50228],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50229,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238,50240],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50231,65],{"class":64},[58,50233,69],{"class":68},[58,50235,9303],{"class":64},[58,50237,69],{"class":68},[58,50239,200],{"class":81},[58,50241,85],{"class":68},[16,50243,50244,50245,50247],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[20,50246,200],{}," does not have a length.",[16,50249,50250],{},"Another example:",[49,50252,50254],{"className":51,"code":50253,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(len(3.14))\n",[20,50255,50256],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50257,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50259,65],{"class":64},[58,50261,69],{"class":68},[58,50263,9303],{"class":64},[58,50265,69],{"class":68},[58,50267,38308],{"class":81},[58,50269,85],{"class":68},[16,50271,50272,50273,973],{},"And with ",[20,50274,1891],{},[49,50276,50278],{"className":51,"code":50277,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[20,50279,50280,50288],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50281,50282,50284,50286],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50283,526],{"class":286},[58,50285,290],{"class":77},[58,50287,46696],{"class":1966},[58,50289,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50291,65],{"class":64},[58,50293,69],{"class":68},[58,50295,9303],{"class":64},[58,50297,69],{"class":68},[58,50299,553],{"class":239},[58,50301,85],{"class":68},[16,50303,50304,50305,499],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[374,50306,50308],{"href":50307},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[44,50310,50312],{"id":50311},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[16,50314,50315,50316,50318],{},"Before using ",[20,50317,40527],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[16,50320,50321],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[49,50323,50325],{"className":51,"code":50324,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[20,50326,50327,50335,50339,50349,50363,50381,50399],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50328,50329,50331,50333],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50330,526],{"class":286},[58,50332,290],{"class":77},[58,50334,46696],{"class":1966},[58,50336,50337],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50338,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,50340,50341,50343,50345,50347],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,50342,65],{"class":64},[58,50344,69],{"class":68},[58,50346,553],{"class":239},[58,50348,243],{"class":68},[58,50350,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,50352,65],{"class":64},[58,50354,69],{"class":68},[58,50356,1316],{"class":991},[58,50358,69],{"class":68},[58,50360,553],{"class":239},[58,50362,85],{"class":68},[58,50364,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,50366,65],{"class":64},[58,50368,69],{"class":68},[58,50370,47044],{"class":64},[58,50372,69],{"class":68},[58,50374,553],{"class":239},[58,50376,1082],{"class":68},[58,50378,47073],{"class":991},[58,50380,85],{"class":68},[58,50382,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,50384,65],{"class":64},[58,50386,69],{"class":68},[58,50388,47044],{"class":64},[58,50390,69],{"class":68},[58,50392,553],{"class":239},[58,50394,1082],{"class":68},[58,50396,20713],{"class":991},[58,50398,85],{"class":68},[58,50400,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,50402,65],{"class":64},[58,50404,69],{"class":68},[58,50406,47044],{"class":64},[58,50408,69],{"class":68},[58,50410,553],{"class":239},[58,50412,1082],{"class":68},[58,50414,7308],{"class":991},[58,50416,85],{"class":68},[16,50418,50419],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[16,50421,50422],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[49,50424,50426],{"className":51,"code":50425,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[20,50427,50428,50440,50444,50458],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50429,50430,50432,50434,50436,50438],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50431,526],{"class":286},[58,50433,290],{"class":77},[58,50435,1450],{"class":939},[58,50437,1959],{"class":943},[58,50439,1456],{"class":939},[58,50441,50442],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50443,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,50445,50446,50448,50450,50452,50454,50456],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,50447,5127],{"class":1991},[58,50449,19737],{"class":286},[58,50451,10338],{"class":77},[58,50453,6233],{"class":77},[58,50455,1967],{"class":1966},[58,50457,4521],{"class":68},[58,50459,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,50461,6202],{"class":64},[58,50463,69],{"class":68},[58,50465,9303],{"class":64},[58,50467,69],{"class":68},[58,50469,553],{"class":239},[58,50471,85],{"class":68},[16,50473,50474,50475,499],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[374,50476,6577],{"href":376},[44,50478,914],{"id":913},[16,50480,21248,50481,973],{},[20,50482,40527],{},[28,50484,50485,50493,50501,50509,50515],{},[31,50486,6552,50487,50489,50490],{},[20,50488,40527],{}," on an integer like ",[20,50491,50492],{},"len(5)",[31,50494,6552,50495,50497,50498],{},[20,50496,40527],{}," on a float like ",[20,50499,50500],{},"len(3.14)",[31,50502,6552,50503,50505,50506,50508],{},[20,50504,40527],{}," on ",[20,50507,1891],{}," after a function returns nothing",[31,50510,2699,50511,50514],{},[20,50512,50513],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[31,50516,50517],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[16,50519,50520],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[49,50522,50524],{"className":51,"code":50523,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[20,50525,50526,50562],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50527,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554,50556,50558,50560],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50529,11351],{"class":286},[58,50531,290],{"class":77},[58,50533,8630],{"class":68},[58,50535,940],{"class":939},[58,50537,5799],{"class":943},[58,50539,940],{"class":939},[58,50541,973],{"class":68},[58,50543,1450],{"class":939},[58,50545,11026],{"class":943},[58,50547,940],{"class":939},[58,50549,1082],{"class":68},[58,50551,1450],{"class":939},[58,50553,7437],{"class":943},[58,50555,940],{"class":939},[58,50557,973],{"class":68},[58,50559,5922],{"class":81},[58,50561,7447],{"class":68},[58,50563,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50565,65],{"class":64},[58,50567,69],{"class":68},[58,50569,9303],{"class":64},[58,50571,69],{"class":68},[58,50573,15457],{"class":239},[58,50575,3486],{"class":68},[58,50577,49585],{"class":1773},[16,50579,35758,50580,50582,50583,2512,50585,499],{},[20,50581,117],{}," because there are two keys: ",[20,50584,13388],{},[20,50586,50587],{},"\"age\"",[16,50589,50590],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[49,50592,50594],{"className":51,"code":50593,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[20,50595,50596,50609],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50597,50598,50600,50602,50604,50607],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50599,32847],{"class":286},[58,50601,290],{"class":77},[58,50603,1450],{"class":939},[58,50605,50606],{"class":943},"a b",[58,50608,1456],{"class":939},[58,50610,50611,50613,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50612,65],{"class":64},[58,50614,69],{"class":68},[58,50616,9303],{"class":64},[58,50618,69],{"class":68},[58,50620,32868],{"class":239},[58,50622,3486],{"class":68},[58,50624,48940],{"class":1773},[16,50626,50627],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[44,50629,1555],{"id":1554},[617,50631,50633],{"id":50632},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[16,50635,50636],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[617,50638,50640],{"id":50639},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[16,50642,50643],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[617,50645,50647],{"id":50646},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[16,50649,50650],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[617,50652,50654],{"id":50653},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[16,50656,50657,50658,50660,50661,966,50663,50665,50666,499],{},"No. Using ",[20,50659,40527],{}," on an ",[20,50662,256],{},[20,50664,260],{}," raises a ",[20,50667,1098],{},[617,50669,50671],{"id":50670},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[16,50673,5894,50674,499],{},[20,50675,50676],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[16,50678,276],{},[49,50680,50682],{"className":51,"code":50681,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[20,50683,50684,50692,50696,50714],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50685,50686,50688,50690],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50687,6442],{"class":286},[58,50689,290],{"class":77},[58,50691,5971],{"class":68},[58,50693,50694],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50695,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,50697,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710,50712],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,50699,5127],{"class":1991},[58,50701,36550],{"class":64},[58,50703,69],{"class":68},[58,50705,6473],{"class":239},[58,50707,1770],{"class":68},[58,50709,4536],{"class":77},[58,50711,1947],{"class":81},[58,50713,4521],{"class":68},[58,50715,50716,50718,50720,50722,50725,50727],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,50717,6202],{"class":64},[58,50719,69],{"class":68},[58,50721,940],{"class":939},[58,50723,50724],{"class":943},"Empty list",[58,50726,940],{"class":939},[58,50728,243],{"class":68},[16,50730,50731,50732,50734,50735,50737,50738,50740],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[20,50733,1784],{}," in an ",[20,50736,5127],{}," statement, but ",[20,50739,40527],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[44,50742,1603],{"id":1602},[28,50744,50745,50749,50753,50757,50762,50766,50772],{},[31,50746,50747],{},[374,50748,49146],{"href":49145},[31,50750,50751],{},[374,50752,49150],{"href":49149},[31,50754,50755],{},[374,50756,7293],{"href":7292},[31,50758,50759],{},[374,50760,50761],{"href":49716},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[31,50763,50764],{},[374,50765,6577],{"href":376},[31,50767,50768],{},[374,50769,50771],{"href":50770},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[31,50773,50774],{},[374,50775,50776],{"href":50307},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1635,50778,50779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":50781},[50782,50783,50784,50785,50786,50787,50788,50794,50795,50796,50797,50804],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":48948,"depth":88,"text":48949},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":49293,"depth":88,"text":49294},{"id":49480,"depth":88,"text":49481},{"id":49720,"depth":88,"text":49721},{"id":39210,"depth":88,"text":39211,"children":50789},[50790,50791,50792,50793],{"id":49939,"depth":104,"text":49940},{"id":49993,"depth":104,"text":49994},{"id":50044,"depth":104,"text":50045},{"id":50125,"depth":104,"text":50126},{"id":50197,"depth":88,"text":50198},{"id":50311,"depth":88,"text":50312},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":50798},[50799,50800,50801,50802,50803],{"id":50632,"depth":104,"text":50633},{"id":50639,"depth":104,"text":50640},{"id":50646,"depth":104,"text":50647},{"id":50653,"depth":104,"text":50654},{"id":50670,"depth":104,"text":50671},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":48831,"description":50805},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":50812,"title":50813,"body":50814,"description":52499,"extension":1667,"meta":52500,"navigation":318,"path":52501,"seo":52502,"stem":52503,"__hash__":52504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":9,"value":50815,"toc":52472},[50816,50819,50833,50839,50841,50895,50900,50904,50920,50923,50937,50943,50945,50948,50967,50983,50985,51061,51063,51100,51111,51113,51116,51177,51179,51212,51215,51221,51225,51228,51353,51355,51414,51422,51475,51477,51504,51510,51520,51524,51527,51532,51584,51586,51612,51618,51672,51674,51699,51702,51726,51732,51734,51738,51740,51797,51799,51807,51809,51831,51833,51886,51888,51912,51916,51918,51957,51959,51967,51973,51977,52029,52031,52057,52065,52069,52074,52083,52085,52151,52153,52185,52189,52194,52196,52210,52213,52286,52288,52314,52316,52320,52327,52331,52338,52342,52345,52347,52400,52402,52428,52432,52441,52443,52469],[12,50817,50813],{"id":50818},"python-list-append-method",[16,50820,18,50821,50824,50825,50828,50829,50832],{},[20,50822,50823],{},"append()"," method adds ",[1855,50826,50827],{},"one item"," to the ",[1855,50830,50831],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[16,50834,50835,50836,50838],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[1855,50837,2751],{}," create a new list.",[44,50840,1715],{"id":1714},[49,50842,50844],{"className":51,"code":50843,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,50845,50846,50866,50880,50890],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50847,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862,50864],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50849,1725],{"class":286},[58,50851,290],{"class":77},[58,50853,1730],{"class":68},[58,50855,1079],{"class":81},[58,50857,1082],{"class":68},[58,50859,1085],{"class":81},[58,50861,1082],{"class":68},[58,50863,531],{"class":81},[58,50865,1743],{"class":68},[58,50867,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,50869,1757],{"class":286},[58,50871,499],{"class":68},[58,50873,11700],{"class":239},[58,50875,69],{"class":68},[58,50877,586],{"class":81},[58,50879,243],{"class":68},[58,50881,50882,50884,50886,50888],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,50883,65],{"class":64},[58,50885,69],{"class":68},[58,50887,1757],{"class":239},[58,50889,243],{"class":68},[58,50891,50892],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,50893,50894],{"class":1773},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[16,50896,155,50897,50899],{},[20,50898,50823],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[44,50901,50903],{"id":50902},"what-append-does","What append() does",[28,50905,50906,50911,50914,50917],{},[31,50907,50908,50910],{},[20,50909,50823],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[31,50912,50913],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[31,50915,50916],{},"It does not create a new list",[31,50918,50919],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[16,50921,50922],{},"This means you can append:",[28,50924,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935],{},[31,50926,1757],{},[31,50928,3433],{},[31,50930,38759],{},[31,50932,3424],{},[31,50934,5381],{},[31,50936,32821],{},[16,50938,50939,50940,499],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[374,50941,50942],{"href":49149},"Python lists explained for beginners",[44,50944,3556],{"id":3555},[16,50946,50947],{},"Basic form:",[49,50949,50951],{"className":51,"code":50950,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.append(item)\n",[20,50952,50953],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50954,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50956,6473],{"class":286},[58,50958,499],{"class":68},[58,50960,11700],{"class":239},[58,50962,69],{"class":68},[58,50964,21464],{"class":239},[58,50966,243],{"class":68},[28,50968,50969,50974,50979],{},[31,50970,50971,50973],{},[20,50972,6473],{}," is the list you want to change",[31,50975,50976,50978],{},[20,50977,21464],{}," is the value or object to add",[31,50980,10055,50981],{},[20,50982,1891],{},[16,50984,276],{},[49,50986,50988],{"className":51,"code":50987,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[20,50989,50990,51014,51037,51041,51051],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,50991,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,50993,34401],{"class":286},[58,50995,290],{"class":77},[58,50997,1730],{"class":68},[58,50999,940],{"class":939},[58,51001,2196],{"class":943},[58,51003,940],{"class":939},[58,51005,1082],{"class":68},[58,51007,1450],{"class":939},[58,51009,2205],{"class":943},[58,51011,940],{"class":939},[58,51013,1743],{"class":68},[58,51015,51016,51018,51020,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51017,301],{"class":286},[58,51019,290],{"class":77},[58,51021,51022],{"class":286}," fruits",[58,51024,499],{"class":68},[58,51026,11700],{"class":239},[58,51028,69],{"class":68},[58,51030,940],{"class":939},[58,51032,31379],{"class":943},[58,51034,940],{"class":939},[58,51036,243],{"class":68},[58,51038,51039],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51040,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51042,51043,51045,51047,51049],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51044,65],{"class":64},[58,51046,69],{"class":68},[58,51048,34453],{"class":239},[58,51050,243],{"class":68},[58,51052,51053,51055,51057,51059],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,51054,65],{"class":64},[58,51056,69],{"class":68},[58,51058,340],{"class":239},[58,51060,243],{"class":68},[16,51062,132],{},[49,51064,51066],{"className":51,"code":51065,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[20,51067,51068,51096],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51069,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51071,2016],{"class":68},[58,51073,1396],{"class":939},[58,51075,2196],{"class":943},[58,51077,1396],{"class":939},[58,51079,1082],{"class":68},[58,51081,1391],{"class":939},[58,51083,2205],{"class":943},[58,51085,1396],{"class":939},[58,51087,1082],{"class":68},[58,51089,1391],{"class":939},[58,51091,31379],{"class":943},[58,51093,1396],{"class":939},[58,51095,1743],{"class":68},[58,51097,51098],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51099,9952],{"class":1966},[16,51101,51102,51103,51105,51106,51108,51109,499],{},"The important detail is that ",[20,51104,50823],{}," updates ",[20,51107,34453],{},", but the method itself returns ",[20,51110,1891],{},[44,51112,9618],{"id":9617},[16,51114,51115],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[49,51117,51119],{"className":51,"code":51118,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[20,51120,51121,51145,51163,51167],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51122,51123,51125,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137,51139,51141,51143],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51124,11222],{"class":286},[58,51126,290],{"class":77},[58,51128,1730],{"class":68},[58,51130,940],{"class":939},[58,51132,11239],{"class":943},[58,51134,940],{"class":939},[58,51136,1082],{"class":68},[58,51138,1450],{"class":939},[58,51140,11256],{"class":943},[58,51142,940],{"class":939},[58,51144,1743],{"class":68},[58,51146,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51148,15653],{"class":286},[58,51150,499],{"class":68},[58,51152,11700],{"class":239},[58,51154,69],{"class":68},[58,51156,940],{"class":939},[58,51158,15606],{"class":943},[58,51160,940],{"class":939},[58,51162,243],{"class":68},[58,51164,51165],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51166,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51168,51169,51171,51173,51175],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51170,65],{"class":64},[58,51172,69],{"class":68},[58,51174,15653],{"class":239},[58,51176,243],{"class":68},[16,51178,132],{},[49,51180,51182],{"className":51,"code":51181,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[20,51183,51184],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51185,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51210],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51187,2016],{"class":68},[58,51189,1396],{"class":939},[58,51191,11239],{"class":943},[58,51193,1396],{"class":939},[58,51195,1082],{"class":68},[58,51197,1391],{"class":939},[58,51199,11256],{"class":943},[58,51201,1396],{"class":939},[58,51203,1082],{"class":68},[58,51205,1391],{"class":939},[58,51207,15606],{"class":943},[58,51209,1396],{"class":939},[58,51211,1743],{"class":68},[16,51213,51214],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[16,51216,29240,51217,499],{},[374,51218,51220],{"href":51219},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[44,51222,51224],{"id":51223},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[16,51226,51227],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[49,51229,51231],{"className":51,"code":51230,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,51232,51233,51241,51245,51259,51277,51291,51317,51339,51343],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51234,51235,51237,51239],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51236,5911],{"class":286},[58,51238,290],{"class":77},[58,51240,5971],{"class":68},[58,51242,51243],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51244,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51246,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51248,5942],{"class":286},[58,51250,499],{"class":68},[58,51252,11700],{"class":239},[58,51254,69],{"class":68},[58,51256,408],{"class":81},[58,51258,243],{"class":68},[58,51260,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51262,5942],{"class":286},[58,51264,499],{"class":68},[58,51266,11700],{"class":239},[58,51268,69],{"class":68},[58,51270,940],{"class":939},[58,51272,1959],{"class":943},[58,51274,940],{"class":939},[58,51276,243],{"class":68},[58,51278,51279,51281,51283,51285,51287,51289],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,51280,5942],{"class":286},[58,51282,499],{"class":68},[58,51284,11700],{"class":239},[58,51286,69],{"class":68},[58,51288,1710],{"class":1966},[58,51290,243],{"class":68},[58,51292,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,51294,5942],{"class":286},[58,51296,499],{"class":68},[58,51298,11700],{"class":239},[58,51300,3655],{"class":68},[58,51302,940],{"class":939},[58,51304,5799],{"class":943},[58,51306,940],{"class":939},[58,51308,973],{"class":68},[58,51310,1450],{"class":939},[58,51312,5808],{"class":943},[58,51314,940],{"class":939},[58,51316,28653],{"class":68},[58,51318,51319,51321,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335,51337],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,51320,5942],{"class":286},[58,51322,499],{"class":68},[58,51324,11700],{"class":239},[58,51326,1076],{"class":68},[58,51328,1079],{"class":81},[58,51330,1082],{"class":68},[58,51332,1085],{"class":81},[58,51334,1082],{"class":68},[58,51336,531],{"class":81},[58,51338,2004],{"class":68},[58,51340,51341],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,51342,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51344,51345,51347,51349,51351],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,51346,65],{"class":64},[58,51348,69],{"class":68},[58,51350,5942],{"class":239},[58,51352,243],{"class":68},[16,51354,132],{},[49,51356,51358],{"className":51,"code":51357,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[20,51359,51360],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51361,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51363,2016],{"class":68},[58,51365,408],{"class":81},[58,51367,1082],{"class":68},[58,51369,1391],{"class":939},[58,51371,1959],{"class":943},[58,51373,1396],{"class":939},[58,51375,1082],{"class":68},[58,51377,2032],{"class":1966},[58,51379,1082],{"class":68},[58,51381,8630],{"class":68},[58,51383,1396],{"class":939},[58,51385,5799],{"class":943},[58,51387,1396],{"class":939},[58,51389,973],{"class":68},[58,51391,1391],{"class":939},[58,51393,5808],{"class":943},[58,51395,1396],{"class":939},[58,51397,51398],{"class":68},"},",[58,51400,1730],{"class":68},[58,51402,1079],{"class":81},[58,51404,1082],{"class":68},[58,51406,1085],{"class":81},[58,51408,1082],{"class":68},[58,51410,531],{"class":81},[58,51412,51413],{"class":68},"]]\n",[16,51415,51416,51417,40321,51419,499],{},"A list added with ",[20,51418,50823],{},[1855,51420,51421],{},"one single item",[49,51423,51425],{"className":51,"code":51424,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,51426,51427,51443,51461,51465],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51430,1725],{"class":286},[58,51432,290],{"class":77},[58,51434,1730],{"class":68},[58,51436,1079],{"class":81},[58,51438,1082],{"class":68},[58,51440,1085],{"class":81},[58,51442,1743],{"class":68},[58,51444,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51446,1757],{"class":286},[58,51448,499],{"class":68},[58,51450,11700],{"class":239},[58,51452,1076],{"class":68},[58,51454,123],{"class":81},[58,51456,1082],{"class":68},[58,51458,537],{"class":81},[58,51460,2004],{"class":68},[58,51462,51463],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51464,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51466,51467,51469,51471,51473],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51468,65],{"class":64},[58,51470,69],{"class":68},[58,51472,1757],{"class":239},[58,51474,243],{"class":68},[16,51476,132],{},[49,51478,51480],{"className":51,"code":51479,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,51481,51482],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51483,51484,51486,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51485,2016],{"class":68},[58,51487,1079],{"class":81},[58,51489,1082],{"class":68},[58,51491,1085],{"class":81},[58,51493,1082],{"class":68},[58,51495,1730],{"class":68},[58,51497,123],{"class":81},[58,51499,1082],{"class":68},[58,51501,537],{"class":81},[58,51503,51413],{"class":68},[16,51505,362,51506,51509],{},[20,51507,51508],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[16,51511,51512,51513,51519],{},"This is different from ",[374,51514,51516],{"href":51515},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[20,51517,51518],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[44,51521,51523],{"id":51522},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[16,51525,51526],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[617,51528,6552,51530],{"id":51529},"using-append",[20,51531,50823],{},[49,51533,51534],{"className":51,"code":51424,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,51535,51536,51552,51570,51574],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51537,51538,51540,51542,51544,51546,51548,51550],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51539,1725],{"class":286},[58,51541,290],{"class":77},[58,51543,1730],{"class":68},[58,51545,1079],{"class":81},[58,51547,1082],{"class":68},[58,51549,1085],{"class":81},[58,51551,1743],{"class":68},[58,51553,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51555,1757],{"class":286},[58,51557,499],{"class":68},[58,51559,11700],{"class":239},[58,51561,1076],{"class":68},[58,51563,123],{"class":81},[58,51565,1082],{"class":68},[58,51567,537],{"class":81},[58,51569,2004],{"class":68},[58,51571,51572],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51573,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51575,51576,51578,51580,51582],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51577,65],{"class":64},[58,51579,69],{"class":68},[58,51581,1757],{"class":239},[58,51583,243],{"class":68},[16,51585,132],{},[49,51587,51588],{"className":51,"code":51479,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,51589,51590],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51591,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51593,2016],{"class":68},[58,51595,1079],{"class":81},[58,51597,1082],{"class":68},[58,51599,1085],{"class":81},[58,51601,1082],{"class":68},[58,51603,1730],{"class":68},[58,51605,123],{"class":81},[58,51607,1082],{"class":68},[58,51609,537],{"class":81},[58,51611,51413],{"class":68},[617,51613,6552,51615],{"id":51614},"using-extend",[20,51616,51617],{},"extend()",[49,51619,51621],{"className":51,"code":51620,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,51622,51623,51639,51658,51662],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51624,51625,51627,51629,51631,51633,51635,51637],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51626,1725],{"class":286},[58,51628,290],{"class":77},[58,51630,1730],{"class":68},[58,51632,1079],{"class":81},[58,51634,1082],{"class":68},[58,51636,1085],{"class":81},[58,51638,1743],{"class":68},[58,51640,51641,51643,51645,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51642,1757],{"class":286},[58,51644,499],{"class":68},[58,51646,51647],{"class":239},"extend",[58,51649,1076],{"class":68},[58,51651,123],{"class":81},[58,51653,1082],{"class":68},[58,51655,537],{"class":81},[58,51657,2004],{"class":68},[58,51659,51660],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51661,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51663,51664,51666,51668,51670],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51665,65],{"class":64},[58,51667,69],{"class":68},[58,51669,1757],{"class":239},[58,51671,243],{"class":68},[16,51673,132],{},[49,51675,51677],{"className":51,"code":51676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,51678,51679],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51680,51681,51683,51685,51687,51689,51691,51693,51695,51697],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51682,2016],{"class":68},[58,51684,1079],{"class":81},[58,51686,1082],{"class":68},[58,51688,1085],{"class":81},[58,51690,1082],{"class":68},[58,51692,531],{"class":81},[58,51694,1082],{"class":68},[58,51696,537],{"class":81},[58,51698,1743],{"class":68},[16,51700,51701],{},"The difference:",[28,51703,51704,51710,51716,51721],{},[31,51705,51706,51709],{},[20,51707,51708],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[31,51711,51712,51715],{},[20,51713,51714],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[31,51717,155,51718,51720],{},[20,51719,50823],{}," for one item",[31,51722,155,51723,51725],{},[20,51724,51617],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[16,51727,51728,51729,499],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[374,51730,51731],{"href":51515},"Python list extend() method",[44,51733,2638],{"id":2637},[617,51735,51737],{"id":51736},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[16,51739,23845],{},[49,51741,51743],{"className":51,"code":51742,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,51744,51745,51765,51783,51787],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51746,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51748,5911],{"class":286},[58,51750,290],{"class":77},[58,51752,1730],{"class":68},[58,51754,1079],{"class":81},[58,51756,1082],{"class":68},[58,51758,1085],{"class":81},[58,51760,1082],{"class":68},[58,51762,531],{"class":81},[58,51764,1743],{"class":68},[58,51766,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51768,5911],{"class":286},[58,51770,290],{"class":77},[58,51772,4092],{"class":286},[58,51774,499],{"class":68},[58,51776,11700],{"class":239},[58,51778,69],{"class":68},[58,51780,586],{"class":81},[58,51782,243],{"class":68},[58,51784,51785],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51786,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51788,51789,51791,51793,51795],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51790,65],{"class":64},[58,51792,69],{"class":68},[58,51794,5942],{"class":239},[58,51796,243],{"class":68},[16,51798,132],{},[49,51800,51801],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,51802,51803],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51804,51805],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51806,9952],{"class":1966},[16,51808,10044],{},[28,51810,51811,51816,51822],{},[31,51812,51813,51815],{},[20,51814,50823],{}," changes the list in place",[31,51817,51818,475,51820],{},[20,51819,50823],{},[20,51821,1891],{},[31,51823,51824,51825,51828,51829],{},"So ",[20,51826,51827],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[20,51830,1891],{},[16,51832,8948],{},[49,51834,51836],{"className":51,"code":51835,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,51837,51838,51858,51872,51876],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51839,51840,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852,51854,51856],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51841,5911],{"class":286},[58,51843,290],{"class":77},[58,51845,1730],{"class":68},[58,51847,1079],{"class":81},[58,51849,1082],{"class":68},[58,51851,1085],{"class":81},[58,51853,1082],{"class":68},[58,51855,531],{"class":81},[58,51857,1743],{"class":68},[58,51859,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51861,5942],{"class":286},[58,51863,499],{"class":68},[58,51865,11700],{"class":239},[58,51867,69],{"class":68},[58,51869,586],{"class":81},[58,51871,243],{"class":68},[58,51873,51874],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,51875,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,51877,51878,51880,51882,51884],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,51879,65],{"class":64},[58,51881,69],{"class":68},[58,51883,5942],{"class":239},[58,51885,243],{"class":68},[16,51887,132],{},[49,51889,51890],{"className":51,"code":51676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,51891,51892],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51893,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51895,2016],{"class":68},[58,51897,1079],{"class":81},[58,51899,1082],{"class":68},[58,51901,1085],{"class":81},[58,51903,1082],{"class":68},[58,51905,531],{"class":81},[58,51907,1082],{"class":68},[58,51909,537],{"class":81},[58,51911,1743],{"class":68},[617,51913,51915],{"id":51914},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[16,51917,17065],{},[49,51919,51921],{"className":51,"code":51920,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[20,51922,51923,51947],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51924,51925,51927,51929,51931,51933,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51926,30040],{"class":286},[58,51928,290],{"class":77},[58,51930,1730],{"class":68},[58,51932,1079],{"class":81},[58,51934,1082],{"class":68},[58,51936,1085],{"class":81},[58,51938,11697],{"class":68},[58,51940,11700],{"class":239},[58,51942,69],{"class":68},[58,51944,123],{"class":81},[58,51946,243],{"class":68},[58,51948,51949,51951,51953,51955],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,51950,65],{"class":64},[58,51952,69],{"class":68},[58,51954,30059],{"class":239},[58,51956,243],{"class":68},[16,51958,132],{},[49,51960,51961],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,51962,51963],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51964,51965],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51966,9952],{"class":1966},[16,51968,51969,51970,51972],{},"Remember: ",[20,51971,50823],{}," updates the list you already have.",[617,51974,51976],{"id":51975},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[49,51978,51979],{"className":51,"code":51424,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,51980,51981,51997,52015,52019],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,51982,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,51984,1725],{"class":286},[58,51986,290],{"class":77},[58,51988,1730],{"class":68},[58,51990,1079],{"class":81},[58,51992,1082],{"class":68},[58,51994,1085],{"class":81},[58,51996,1743],{"class":68},[58,51998,51999,52001,52003,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52000,1757],{"class":286},[58,52002,499],{"class":68},[58,52004,11700],{"class":239},[58,52006,1076],{"class":68},[58,52008,123],{"class":81},[58,52010,1082],{"class":68},[58,52012,537],{"class":81},[58,52014,2004],{"class":68},[58,52016,52017],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52018,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52020,52021,52023,52025,52027],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,52022,65],{"class":64},[58,52024,69],{"class":68},[58,52026,1757],{"class":239},[58,52028,243],{"class":68},[16,52030,132],{},[49,52032,52033],{"className":51,"code":51479,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,52034,52035],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52036,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52038,2016],{"class":68},[58,52040,1079],{"class":81},[58,52042,1082],{"class":68},[58,52044,1085],{"class":81},[58,52046,1082],{"class":68},[58,52048,1730],{"class":68},[58,52050,123],{"class":81},[58,52052,1082],{"class":68},[58,52054,537],{"class":81},[58,52056,51413],{"class":68},[16,52058,1263,52059,52062,52063,4760],{},[20,52060,52061],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[20,52064,51617],{},[617,52066,52068],{"id":52067},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[16,52070,52071,52073],{},[20,52072,50823],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[16,52075,52076,52077,499],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[374,52078,52080],{"href":52079},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[20,52081,52082],{},"list.insert()",[16,52084,276],{},[49,52086,52088],{"className":51,"code":52087,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[20,52089,52090,52114,52137,52141],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52091,52092,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52093,34252],{"class":286},[58,52095,290],{"class":77},[58,52097,1730],{"class":68},[58,52099,940],{"class":939},[58,52101,374],{"class":943},[58,52103,940],{"class":939},[58,52105,1082],{"class":68},[58,52107,1450],{"class":939},[58,52109,7878],{"class":943},[58,52111,940],{"class":939},[58,52113,1743],{"class":68},[58,52115,52116,52118,52120,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133,52135],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52117,34305],{"class":286},[58,52119,499],{"class":68},[58,52121,52122],{"class":239},"insert",[58,52124,69],{"class":68},[58,52126,1079],{"class":81},[58,52128,1082],{"class":68},[58,52130,1450],{"class":939},[58,52132,2882],{"class":943},[58,52134,940],{"class":939},[58,52136,243],{"class":68},[58,52138,52139],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52140,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52142,52143,52145,52147,52149],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,52144,65],{"class":64},[58,52146,69],{"class":68},[58,52148,34305],{"class":239},[58,52150,243],{"class":68},[16,52152,132],{},[49,52154,52155],{"className":51,"code":41042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,52156,52157],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52158,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171,52173,52175,52177,52179,52181,52183],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52160,2016],{"class":68},[58,52162,1396],{"class":939},[58,52164,374],{"class":943},[58,52166,1396],{"class":939},[58,52168,1082],{"class":68},[58,52170,1391],{"class":939},[58,52172,2882],{"class":943},[58,52174,1396],{"class":939},[58,52176,1082],{"class":68},[58,52178,1391],{"class":939},[58,52180,7878],{"class":943},[58,52182,1396],{"class":939},[58,52184,1743],{"class":68},[44,52186,52188],{"id":52187},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[16,52190,52191,52193],{},[20,52192,50823],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[16,52195,34588],{},[28,52197,52198,52201,52204,52207],{},[31,52199,52200],{},"building a list in a loop",[31,52202,52203],{},"collecting user input",[31,52205,52206],{},"storing results step by step",[31,52208,52209],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[16,52211,52212],{},"Example with a loop:",[49,52214,52216],{"className":51,"code":52215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[20,52217,52218,52227,52231,52252,52271,52275],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52219,52220,52223,52225],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52221,52222],{"class":286},"squares ",[58,52224,290],{"class":77},[58,52226,5971],{"class":68},[58,52228,52229],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52230,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52232,52233,52235,52237,52239,52242,52244,52246,52248,52250],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52234,4084],{"class":1991},[58,52236,4514],{"class":286},[58,52238,1998],{"class":1991},[58,52240,52241],{"class":64}," range",[58,52243,69],{"class":68},[58,52245,1079],{"class":81},[58,52247,1082],{"class":68},[58,52249,2725],{"class":81},[58,52251,6476],{"class":68},[58,52253,52254,52257,52259,52261,52263,52265,52267,52269],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,52255,52256],{"class":286},"    squares",[58,52258,499],{"class":68},[58,52260,11700],{"class":239},[58,52262,69],{"class":68},[58,52264,287],{"class":239},[58,52266,38037],{"class":77},[58,52268,265],{"class":239},[58,52270,243],{"class":68},[58,52272,52273],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,52274,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52276,52277,52279,52281,52284],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,52278,65],{"class":64},[58,52280,69],{"class":68},[58,52282,52283],{"class":239},"squares",[58,52285,243],{"class":68},[16,52287,132],{},[49,52289,52291],{"className":51,"code":52290,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[20,52292,52293],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52294,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52308,52310,52312],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52296,2016],{"class":68},[58,52298,1079],{"class":81},[58,52300,1082],{"class":68},[58,52302,537],{"class":81},[58,52304,1082],{"class":68},[58,52306,52307],{"class":81}," 9",[58,52309,1082],{"class":68},[58,52311,12135],{"class":81},[58,52313,1743],{"class":68},[44,52315,1555],{"id":1554},[617,52317,52319],{"id":52318},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[16,52321,44533,52322,52324,52325,499],{},[20,52323,50823],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[20,52326,1891],{},[617,52328,52330],{"id":52329},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[16,52332,52333,52334,499],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[374,52335,52336],{"href":51515},[20,52337,51617],{},[617,52339,52341],{"id":52340},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[16,52343,52344],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[16,52346,276],{},[49,52348,52350],{"className":51,"code":52349,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[20,52351,52352,52368,52386,52390],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52353,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52355,7303],{"class":286},[58,52357,290],{"class":77},[58,52359,1730],{"class":68},[58,52361,1079],{"class":81},[58,52363,1082],{"class":68},[58,52365,1085],{"class":81},[58,52367,1743],{"class":68},[58,52369,52370,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380,52382,52384],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52371,7342],{"class":286},[58,52373,499],{"class":68},[58,52375,11700],{"class":239},[58,52377,1076],{"class":68},[58,52379,123],{"class":81},[58,52381,1082],{"class":68},[58,52383,537],{"class":81},[58,52385,2004],{"class":68},[58,52387,52388],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52389,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52391,52392,52394,52396,52398],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,52393,65],{"class":64},[58,52395,69],{"class":68},[58,52397,7342],{"class":239},[58,52399,243],{"class":68},[16,52401,132],{},[49,52403,52404],{"className":51,"code":51479,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,52405,52406],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52407,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52409,2016],{"class":68},[58,52411,1079],{"class":81},[58,52413,1082],{"class":68},[58,52415,1085],{"class":81},[58,52417,1082],{"class":68},[58,52419,1730],{"class":68},[58,52421,123],{"class":81},[58,52423,1082],{"class":68},[58,52425,537],{"class":81},[58,52427,51413],{"class":68},[617,52429,52431],{"id":52430},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[16,52433,52434,52436,52437,52440],{},[20,52435,50823],{}," adds at the end. ",[20,52438,52439],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[44,52442,1603],{"id":1602},[28,52444,52445,52450,52454,52459,52463],{},[31,52446,52447],{},[374,52448,52449],{"href":51219},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[31,52451,52452],{},[374,52453,51731],{"href":51515},[31,52455,52456],{},[374,52457,52458],{"href":52079},"Python list insert() method",[31,52460,52461],{},[374,52462,50942],{"href":49149},[31,52464,52465],{},[374,52466,52468],{"href":52467},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1635,52470,52471],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":52473},[52474,52475,52476,52477,52478,52479,52485,52491,52492,52498],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":50902,"depth":88,"text":50903},{"id":3555,"depth":88,"text":3556},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":51223,"depth":88,"text":51224},{"id":51522,"depth":88,"text":51523,"children":52480},[52481,52483],{"id":51529,"depth":104,"text":52482},"Using append()",{"id":51614,"depth":104,"text":52484},"Using extend()",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":52486},[52487,52488,52489,52490],{"id":51736,"depth":104,"text":51737},{"id":51914,"depth":104,"text":51915},{"id":51975,"depth":104,"text":51976},{"id":52067,"depth":104,"text":52068},{"id":52187,"depth":88,"text":52188},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":52493},[52494,52495,52496,52497],{"id":52318,"depth":104,"text":52319},{"id":52329,"depth":104,"text":52330},{"id":52340,"depth":104,"text":52341},{"id":52430,"depth":104,"text":52431},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":50813,"description":52499},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":52506,"title":52507,"body":52508,"description":53752,"extension":1667,"meta":53753,"navigation":318,"path":53754,"seo":53755,"stem":53756,"__hash__":53757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":9,"value":52509,"toc":53717},[52510,52516,52522,52528,52530,52578,52583,52588,52592,52608,52614,52616,52619,52634,52636,52647,52649,52651,52708,52710,52718,52720,52736,52742,52744,52750,52754,52838,52841,52890,52897,52905,52908,52922,52935,52941,53016,53023,53030,53104,53112,53115,53126,53135,53139,53143,53154,53156,53233,53254,53256,53266,53269,53317,53319,53340,53343,53345,53396,53402,53409,53476,53482,53488,53491,53518,53523,53529,53532,53604,53607,53618,53624,53626,53632,53635,53641,53647,53654,53662,53668,53674,53676,53714],[12,52511,52513,52514,9464],{"id":52512},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[20,52515,9463],{},[16,52517,52518,52521],{},[20,52519,52520],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[16,52523,52524,52525,52527],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[1855,52526,9476],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[44,52529,1715],{"id":1714},[49,52531,52533],{"className":51,"code":52532,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[20,52534,52535,52555,52565],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52536,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52538,5911],{"class":286},[58,52540,290],{"class":77},[58,52542,1730],{"class":68},[58,52544,1079],{"class":81},[58,52546,1082],{"class":68},[58,52548,1085],{"class":81},[58,52550,1082],{"class":68},[58,52552,531],{"class":81},[58,52554,1743],{"class":68},[58,52556,52557,52559,52561,52563],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52558,5942],{"class":286},[58,52560,499],{"class":68},[58,52562,9525],{"class":239},[58,52564,6779],{"class":68},[58,52566,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52568,65],{"class":64},[58,52570,69],{"class":68},[58,52572,5942],{"class":239},[58,52574,1770],{"class":68},[58,52576,52577],{"class":1773},"  # []\n",[16,52579,155,52580,52582],{},[20,52581,9463],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[44,52584,1788,52586,1791],{"id":52585},"what-listclear-does",[20,52587,52520],{},[16,52589,52590,973],{},[20,52591,52520],{},[28,52593,52594,52597,52600,52605],{},[31,52595,52596],{},"Removes every item from a list",[31,52598,52599],{},"Changes the original list in place",[31,52601,52602,52603],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[20,52604,1900],{},[31,52606,52607],{},"Takes no arguments",[16,52609,52610,52611,52613],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[20,52612,9463],{},", but it contains no values.",[44,52615,222],{"id":221},[16,52617,52618],{},"Syntax:",[49,52620,52622],{"className":51,"code":52621,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.clear()\n",[20,52623,52624],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52625,52626,52628,52630,52632],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52627,6473],{"class":286},[58,52629,499],{"class":68},[58,52631,9525],{"class":239},[58,52633,6779],{"class":68},[16,52635,9601],{},[28,52637,52638,52641,52644],{},[31,52639,52640],{},"Call it on a list object",[31,52642,52643],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[31,52645,52646],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[44,52648,9618],{"id":9617},[16,52650,9621],{},[49,52652,52654],{"className":51,"code":52653,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,52655,52656,52680,52684,52694,52698],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52657,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52659,1725],{"class":286},[58,52661,290],{"class":77},[58,52663,1730],{"class":68},[58,52665,408],{"class":81},[58,52667,1082],{"class":68},[58,52669,5922],{"class":81},[58,52671,1082],{"class":68},[58,52673,5927],{"class":81},[58,52675,1082],{"class":68},[58,52677,49013],{"class":81},[58,52679,1743],{"class":68},[58,52681,52682],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52683,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52685,52686,52688,52690,52692],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52687,1757],{"class":286},[58,52689,499],{"class":68},[58,52691,9525],{"class":239},[58,52693,6779],{"class":68},[58,52695,52696],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,52697,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52699,52700,52702,52704,52706],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,52701,65],{"class":64},[58,52703,69],{"class":68},[58,52705,1757],{"class":239},[58,52707,243],{"class":68},[16,52709,132],{},[49,52711,52712],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,52713,52714],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52715,52716],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52717,36461],{"class":68},[16,52719,9827],{},[28,52721,52722,52727,52733],{},[31,52723,52724,52726],{},[20,52725,1757],{}," starts with four items",[31,52728,52729,52732],{},[20,52730,52731],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[31,52734,52735],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[16,52737,52738,52739,499],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[374,52740,50942],{"href":52741},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[44,52743,15569],{"id":15568},[16,52745,52746,475,52748,499],{},[20,52747,9463],{},[20,52749,1891],{},[16,52751,39071,52752,50838],{},[1855,52753,2751],{},[49,52755,52757],{"className":51,"code":52756,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[20,52758,52759,52791,52795,52809,52813,52826],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52760,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52762,5911],{"class":286},[58,52764,290],{"class":77},[58,52766,1730],{"class":68},[58,52768,940],{"class":939},[58,52770,374],{"class":943},[58,52772,940],{"class":939},[58,52774,1082],{"class":68},[58,52776,1450],{"class":939},[58,52778,2882],{"class":943},[58,52780,940],{"class":939},[58,52782,1082],{"class":68},[58,52784,1450],{"class":939},[58,52786,7878],{"class":943},[58,52788,940],{"class":939},[58,52790,1743],{"class":68},[58,52792,52793],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52794,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52796,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52798,301],{"class":286},[58,52800,290],{"class":77},[58,52802,4092],{"class":286},[58,52804,499],{"class":68},[58,52806,9525],{"class":239},[58,52808,6779],{"class":68},[58,52810,52811],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,52812,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52814,52815,52817,52819,52821,52823],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,52816,65],{"class":64},[58,52818,69],{"class":68},[58,52820,5942],{"class":239},[58,52822,1770],{"class":68},[58,52824,52825],{"class":1773},"   # []\n",[58,52827,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,52829,65],{"class":64},[58,52831,69],{"class":68},[58,52833,340],{"class":239},[58,52835,1770],{"class":68},[58,52837,19028],{"class":1773},[16,52839,52840],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[49,52842,52844],{"className":51,"code":52843,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[20,52845,52846,52866,52880],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52847,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52849,5911],{"class":286},[58,52851,290],{"class":77},[58,52853,1730],{"class":68},[58,52855,1079],{"class":81},[58,52857,1082],{"class":68},[58,52859,1085],{"class":81},[58,52861,1082],{"class":68},[58,52863,531],{"class":81},[58,52865,1743],{"class":68},[58,52867,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52869,5911],{"class":286},[58,52871,290],{"class":77},[58,52873,4092],{"class":286},[58,52875,499],{"class":68},[58,52877,9525],{"class":239},[58,52879,6779],{"class":68},[58,52881,52882,52884,52886,52888],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52883,65],{"class":64},[58,52885,69],{"class":68},[58,52887,5942],{"class":239},[58,52889,243],{"class":68},[16,52891,10060,52892,40321,52894,52896],{},[20,52893,5942],{},[20,52895,1891],{},", not an empty list.",[44,52898,52900,52902,52903],{"id":52899},"clear-vs-assigning",[20,52901,9463],{}," vs assigning ",[20,52904,1900],{},[16,52906,52907],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[49,52909,52910],{"className":51,"code":52621,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,52911,52912],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52913,52914,52916,52918,52920],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52915,6473],{"class":286},[58,52917,499],{"class":68},[58,52919,9525],{"class":239},[58,52921,6779],{"class":68},[49,52923,52925],{"className":51,"code":52924,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = []\n",[20,52926,52927],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52928,52929,52931,52933],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52930,6442],{"class":286},[58,52932,290],{"class":77},[58,52934,5971],{"class":68},[617,52936,52938,52940],{"id":52937},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[20,52939,9463],{}," empties the same list object",[49,52942,52944],{"className":51,"code":52943,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[20,52945,52946,52966,52974,52978,52988,52992,53004],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,52947,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,52949,637],{"class":286},[58,52951,290],{"class":77},[58,52953,1730],{"class":68},[58,52955,1079],{"class":81},[58,52957,1082],{"class":68},[58,52959,1085],{"class":81},[58,52961,1082],{"class":68},[58,52963,531],{"class":81},[58,52965,1743],{"class":68},[58,52967,52968,52970,52972],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,52969,665],{"class":286},[58,52971,290],{"class":77},[58,52973,34337],{"class":286},[58,52975,52976],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,52977,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52979,52980,52982,52984,52986],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,52981,374],{"class":286},[58,52983,499],{"class":68},[58,52985,9525],{"class":239},[58,52987,6779],{"class":68},[58,52989,52990],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,52991,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,52993,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,52995,65],{"class":64},[58,52997,69],{"class":68},[58,52999,374],{"class":239},[58,53001,1770],{"class":68},[58,53003,52577],{"class":1773},[58,53005,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,53007,65],{"class":64},[58,53009,69],{"class":68},[58,53011,2882],{"class":239},[58,53013,1770],{"class":68},[58,53015,52577],{"class":1773},[16,53017,8730,53018,2512,53020,53022],{},[20,53019,374],{},[20,53021,2882],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[617,53024,53026,53029],{"id":53025},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[20,53027,53028],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[49,53031,53033],{"className":51,"code":53032,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,53034,53035,53055,53063,53067,53075,53079,53091],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53036,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53038,637],{"class":286},[58,53040,290],{"class":77},[58,53042,1730],{"class":68},[58,53044,1079],{"class":81},[58,53046,1082],{"class":68},[58,53048,1085],{"class":81},[58,53050,1082],{"class":68},[58,53052,531],{"class":81},[58,53054,1743],{"class":68},[58,53056,53057,53059,53061],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53058,665],{"class":286},[58,53060,290],{"class":77},[58,53062,34337],{"class":286},[58,53064,53065],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53066,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53068,53069,53071,53073],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53070,637],{"class":286},[58,53072,290],{"class":77},[58,53074,5971],{"class":68},[58,53076,53077],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,53078,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53080,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,53082,65],{"class":64},[58,53084,69],{"class":68},[58,53086,374],{"class":239},[58,53088,1770],{"class":68},[58,53090,52577],{"class":1773},[58,53092,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,53094,65],{"class":64},[58,53096,69],{"class":68},[58,53098,2882],{"class":239},[58,53100,1770],{"class":68},[58,53102,53103],{"class":1773},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[16,53105,18923,53106,53108,53109,53111],{},[20,53107,374],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[20,53110,2882],{}," still points to the original list.",[16,53113,53114],{},"This difference matters when:",[28,53116,53117,53120,53123],{},[31,53118,53119],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[31,53121,53122],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[31,53124,53125],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[16,53127,53128,53129,499],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[374,53130,53132,53133,8881],{"href":53131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[20,53134,10922],{},[44,53136,3083,53137],{"id":10582},[20,53138,9463],{},[16,53140,155,53141,4445],{},[20,53142,9463],{},[28,53144,53145,53148,53151],{},[31,53146,53147],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[31,53149,53150],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[31,53152,53153],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[16,53155,276],{},[49,53157,53159],{"className":51,"code":53158,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[20,53160,53161,53197,53201,53206,53217,53221],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53162,53163,53166,53168,53170,53172,53175,53177,53179,53181,53184,53186,53188,53190,53193,53195],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53164,53165],{"class":286},"shopping_cart ",[58,53167,290],{"class":77},[58,53169,1730],{"class":68},[58,53171,940],{"class":939},[58,53173,53174],{"class":943},"milk",[58,53176,940],{"class":939},[58,53178,1082],{"class":68},[58,53180,1450],{"class":939},[58,53182,53183],{"class":943},"bread",[58,53185,940],{"class":939},[58,53187,1082],{"class":68},[58,53189,1450],{"class":939},[58,53191,53192],{"class":943},"eggs",[58,53194,940],{"class":939},[58,53196,1743],{"class":68},[58,53198,53199],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53200,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53202,53203],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53204,53205],{"class":1773},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[58,53207,53208,53211,53213,53215],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53209,53210],{"class":286},"shopping_cart",[58,53212,499],{"class":68},[58,53214,9525],{"class":239},[58,53216,6779],{"class":68},[58,53218,53219],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,53220,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53222,53223,53225,53227,53229,53231],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,53224,65],{"class":64},[58,53226,69],{"class":68},[58,53228,53210],{"class":239},[58,53230,1770],{"class":68},[58,53232,52577],{"class":1773},[16,53234,53235,53236,53240,53241,53247,53248,499],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[374,53237,53239],{"href":53238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[374,53242,53244,8881],{"href":53243},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[20,53245,53246],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[374,53249,53251,8881],{"href":53250},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[20,53252,53253],{},"list.pop()",[44,53255,2638],{"id":2637},[617,53257,53259,53260,9233,53263],{"id":53258},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[20,53261,53262],{},"my_list.clear",[20,53264,53265],{},"my_list.clear()",[16,53267,53268],{},"This does not call the method.",[49,53270,53272],{"className":51,"code":53271,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[20,53273,53274,53294,53298,53307],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53275,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53277,5911],{"class":286},[58,53279,290],{"class":77},[58,53281,1730],{"class":68},[58,53283,1079],{"class":81},[58,53285,1082],{"class":68},[58,53287,1085],{"class":81},[58,53289,1082],{"class":68},[58,53291,531],{"class":81},[58,53293,1743],{"class":68},[58,53295,53296],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53297,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53299,53300,53302,53304],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53301,5942],{"class":286},[58,53303,499],{"class":68},[58,53305,53306],{"class":22904},"clear\n",[58,53308,53309,53311,53313,53315],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53310,65],{"class":64},[58,53312,69],{"class":68},[58,53314,5942],{"class":239},[58,53316,243],{"class":68},[16,53318,132],{},[49,53320,53322],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[20,53323,53324],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53325,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53327,2016],{"class":68},[58,53329,1079],{"class":81},[58,53331,1082],{"class":68},[58,53333,1085],{"class":81},[58,53335,1082],{"class":68},[58,53337,531],{"class":81},[58,53339,1743],{"class":68},[16,53341,53342],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[16,53344,8948],{},[49,53346,53348],{"className":51,"code":53347,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[20,53349,53350,53370,53374,53384],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53351,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53353,5911],{"class":286},[58,53355,290],{"class":77},[58,53357,1730],{"class":68},[58,53359,1079],{"class":81},[58,53361,1082],{"class":68},[58,53363,1085],{"class":81},[58,53365,1082],{"class":68},[58,53367,531],{"class":81},[58,53369,1743],{"class":68},[58,53371,53372],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53373,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53375,53376,53378,53380,53382],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53377,5942],{"class":286},[58,53379,499],{"class":68},[58,53381,9525],{"class":239},[58,53383,6779],{"class":68},[58,53385,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53387,65],{"class":64},[58,53389,69],{"class":68},[58,53391,5942],{"class":239},[58,53393,1770],{"class":68},[58,53395,52577],{"class":1773},[617,53397,6588,53399,53401],{"id":53398},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[20,53400,9463],{}," to return the emptied list",[16,53403,53404,475,53406,53408],{},[20,53405,9463],{},[20,53407,1891],{},", not the list.",[49,53410,53412],{"className":51,"code":53411,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[20,53413,53414,53434,53448,53452,53464],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53415,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53417,5911],{"class":286},[58,53419,290],{"class":77},[58,53421,1730],{"class":68},[58,53423,1079],{"class":81},[58,53425,1082],{"class":68},[58,53427,1085],{"class":81},[58,53429,1082],{"class":68},[58,53431,531],{"class":81},[58,53433,1743],{"class":68},[58,53435,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53437,301],{"class":286},[58,53439,290],{"class":77},[58,53441,4092],{"class":286},[58,53443,499],{"class":68},[58,53445,9525],{"class":239},[58,53447,6779],{"class":68},[58,53449,53450],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53451,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53453,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53455,65],{"class":64},[58,53457,69],{"class":68},[58,53459,340],{"class":239},[58,53461,1770],{"class":68},[58,53463,19028],{"class":1773},[58,53465,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,53467,65],{"class":64},[58,53469,69],{"class":68},[58,53471,5942],{"class":239},[58,53473,1770],{"class":68},[58,53475,52825],{"class":1773},[617,53477,6552,53479,53481],{"id":53478},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[20,53480,9463],{}," on a value that is not a list",[16,53483,53484,53485,53487],{},"Some types have a ",[20,53486,9463],{}," method, but not all of them.",[16,53489,53490],{},"This will fail:",[49,53492,53494],{"className":51,"code":53493,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[20,53495,53496,53508],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53497,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53499,32847],{"class":286},[58,53501,290],{"class":77},[58,53503,1450],{"class":939},[58,53505,1959],{"class":943},[58,53507,1456],{"class":939},[58,53509,53510,53512,53514,53516],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53511,32868],{"class":286},[58,53513,499],{"class":68},[58,53515,9525],{"class":239},[58,53517,6779],{"class":68},[16,53519,53520,53521,31759],{},"A string does not have a ",[20,53522,9463],{},[16,53524,53525,53526,53528],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[20,53527,1891],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[16,53530,53531],{},"Useful checks:",[49,53533,53535],{"className":51,"code":53534,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[20,53536,53537,53547,53561,53575,53584,53594],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53538,53539,53541,53543,53545],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53540,65],{"class":64},[58,53542,69],{"class":68},[58,53544,6473],{"class":239},[58,53546,243],{"class":68},[58,53548,53549,53551,53553,53555,53557,53559],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53550,65],{"class":64},[58,53552,69],{"class":68},[58,53554,1316],{"class":991},[58,53556,69],{"class":68},[58,53558,6473],{"class":239},[58,53560,85],{"class":68},[58,53562,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53564,65],{"class":64},[58,53566,69],{"class":68},[58,53568,10794],{"class":64},[58,53570,69],{"class":68},[58,53572,6473],{"class":239},[58,53574,85],{"class":68},[58,53576,53577,53579,53581],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53578,41716],{"class":286},[58,53580,290],{"class":77},[58,53582,53583],{"class":286}," my_list\n",[58,53585,53586,53588,53590,53592],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,53587,6473],{"class":286},[58,53589,499],{"class":68},[58,53591,9525],{"class":239},[58,53593,6779],{"class":68},[58,53595,53596,53598,53600,53602],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,53597,65],{"class":64},[58,53599,69],{"class":68},[58,53601,28900],{"class":239},[58,53603,243],{"class":68},[16,53605,53606],{},"These can help you see:",[28,53608,53609,53612,53615],{},[31,53610,53611],{},"What the variable currently contains",[31,53613,53614],{},"Whether it is really a list",[31,53616,53617],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[16,53619,53620,53621,499],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[374,53622,53623],{"href":52467},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[44,53625,1555],{"id":1554},[617,53627,10849,53629,53631],{"id":53628},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[20,53630,52520],{}," delete the list?",[16,53633,53634],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[617,53636,10849,53638,53640],{"id":53637},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[20,53639,52520],{}," return a new list?",[16,53642,53643,53644,53646],{},"No. It returns ",[20,53645,1891],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[617,53648,3303,53650,2512,53652,573],{"id":53649},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[20,53651,9463],{},[20,53653,53028],{},[16,53655,53656,53658,53659,53661],{},[20,53657,9463],{}," empties the same list object. ",[20,53660,53028],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[617,53663,26484,53665,53667],{"id":53664},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[20,53666,9463],{}," on other types?",[16,53669,53670,53671,53673],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[20,53672,9463],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[44,53675,1603],{"id":1602},[28,53677,53678,53682,53687,53694,53701,53707],{},[31,53679,53680],{},[374,53681,50942],{"href":52741},[31,53683,53684],{},[374,53685,53686],{"href":53238},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[31,53688,53689],{},[374,53690,53691,53692,8881],{"href":53250},"Python list ",[20,53693,10908],{},[31,53695,53696],{},[374,53697,53691,53698,8881],{"href":53243},[20,53699,53700],{},"remove()",[31,53702,53703],{},[374,53704,53691,53705,8881],{"href":53131},[20,53706,10922],{},[31,53708,53709],{},[374,53710,28504,53711,31792],{"href":52467},[20,53712,53713],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1635,53715,53716],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":53718},[53719,53720,53722,53723,53724,53725,53732,53733,53741,53751],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":52585,"depth":88,"text":53721},"What list.clear() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":52899,"depth":88,"text":53726,"children":53727},"clear() vs assigning []",[53728,53730],{"id":52937,"depth":104,"text":53729},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":53025,"depth":104,"text":53731},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":10582,"depth":88,"text":10954},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":53734},[53735,53737,53739],{"id":53258,"depth":104,"text":53736},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":53398,"depth":104,"text":53738},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":53478,"depth":104,"text":53740},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":53742},[53743,53745,53747,53749],{"id":53628,"depth":104,"text":53744},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":53637,"depth":104,"text":53746},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":53649,"depth":104,"text":53748},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":53664,"depth":104,"text":53750},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":52507,"description":53752},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":53759,"title":53760,"body":53761,"description":55446,"extension":1667,"meta":55447,"navigation":318,"path":55448,"seo":55449,"stem":55450,"__hash__":55451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":9,"value":53762,"toc":55414},[53763,53768,53774,53782,53784,53873,53880,53885,53889,53903,53905,53982,53984,54045,54048,54050,54052,54073,54076,54090,54093,54138,54140,54148,54151,54157,54163,54166,54243,54245,54290,54293,54298,54381,54383,54424,54429,54433,54439,54441,54449,54452,54545,54547,54605,54608,54624,54629,54639,54644,54646,54651,54656,54659,54661,54718,54721,54774,54780,54785,54789,54806,54808,54892,54894,54935,54943,54945,54950,54956,54958,55021,55026,55096,55100,55135,55138,55140,55179,55183,55259,55265,55271,55276,55298,55301,55320,55328,55330,55336,55339,55346,55354,55359,55362,55366,55372,55380,55383,55385,55411],[12,53764,52513,53766,9464],{"id":53765},"python-list-copy-method",[20,53767,10922],{},[16,53769,53770,53773],{},[20,53771,53772],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[16,53775,53776,53777,12201,53779,53781],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[20,53778,290],{},[1855,53780,2751],{}," make a real copy.",[44,53783,47],{"id":46},[49,53785,53787],{"className":51,"code":53786,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53788,53789,53809,53824,53828,53843,53847,53860],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53790,53791,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53792,1725],{"class":286},[58,53794,290],{"class":77},[58,53796,1730],{"class":68},[58,53798,1079],{"class":81},[58,53800,1082],{"class":68},[58,53802,1085],{"class":81},[58,53804,1082],{"class":68},[58,53806,531],{"class":81},[58,53808,1743],{"class":68},[58,53810,53811,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53812,53813],{"class":286},"new_numbers ",[58,53815,290],{"class":77},[58,53817,2381],{"class":286},[58,53819,499],{"class":68},[58,53821,11057],{"class":239},[58,53823,6779],{"class":68},[58,53825,53826],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53827,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53829,53830,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53831,53832],{"class":286},"new_numbers",[58,53834,499],{"class":68},[58,53836,11700],{"class":239},[58,53838,69],{"class":68},[58,53840,586],{"class":81},[58,53842,243],{"class":68},[58,53844,53845],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,53846,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53848,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,53850,65],{"class":64},[58,53852,69],{"class":68},[58,53854,1757],{"class":239},[58,53856,1770],{"class":68},[58,53858,53859],{"class":1773},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[58,53861,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,53863,65],{"class":64},[58,53865,69],{"class":68},[58,53867,53832],{"class":239},[58,53869,1770],{"class":68},[58,53871,53872],{"class":1773},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[16,53874,155,53875,53877,53878,499],{},[20,53876,53772],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[1855,53879,10996],{},[44,53881,1788,53883,1791],{"id":53882},"what-listcopy-does",[20,53884,53772],{},[16,53886,53887,973],{},[20,53888,53772],{},[28,53890,53891,53894,53897,53900],{},[31,53892,53893],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[31,53895,53896],{},"Returns that new list",[31,53898,53899],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[31,53901,53902],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[16,53904,276],{},[49,53906,53908],{"className":51,"code":53907,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[20,53909,53910,53942,53957,53961,53971],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53911,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53913,34401],{"class":286},[58,53915,290],{"class":77},[58,53917,1730],{"class":68},[58,53919,940],{"class":939},[58,53921,2196],{"class":943},[58,53923,940],{"class":939},[58,53925,1082],{"class":68},[58,53927,1450],{"class":939},[58,53929,2205],{"class":943},[58,53931,940],{"class":939},[58,53933,1082],{"class":68},[58,53935,1450],{"class":939},[58,53937,31379],{"class":943},[58,53939,940],{"class":939},[58,53941,1743],{"class":68},[58,53943,53944,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,53945,53946],{"class":286},"copied_fruits ",[58,53948,290],{"class":77},[58,53950,51022],{"class":286},[58,53952,499],{"class":68},[58,53954,11057],{"class":239},[58,53956,6779],{"class":68},[58,53958,53959],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,53960,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,53962,53963,53965,53967,53969],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,53964,65],{"class":64},[58,53966,69],{"class":68},[58,53968,34453],{"class":239},[58,53970,243],{"class":68},[58,53972,53973,53975,53977,53980],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,53974,65],{"class":64},[58,53976,69],{"class":68},[58,53978,53979],{"class":239},"copied_fruits",[58,53981,243],{"class":68},[16,53983,132],{},[49,53985,53987],{"className":51,"code":53986,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[20,53988,53989,54017],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,53990,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,53992,2016],{"class":68},[58,53994,1396],{"class":939},[58,53996,2196],{"class":943},[58,53998,1396],{"class":939},[58,54000,1082],{"class":68},[58,54002,1391],{"class":939},[58,54004,2205],{"class":943},[58,54006,1396],{"class":939},[58,54008,1082],{"class":68},[58,54010,1391],{"class":939},[58,54012,31379],{"class":943},[58,54014,1396],{"class":939},[58,54016,1743],{"class":68},[58,54018,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54020,2016],{"class":68},[58,54022,1396],{"class":939},[58,54024,2196],{"class":943},[58,54026,1396],{"class":939},[58,54028,1082],{"class":68},[58,54030,1391],{"class":939},[58,54032,2205],{"class":943},[58,54034,1396],{"class":939},[58,54036,1082],{"class":68},[58,54038,1391],{"class":939},[58,54040,31379],{"class":943},[58,54042,1396],{"class":939},[58,54044,1743],{"class":68},[16,54046,54047],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[44,54049,222],{"id":221},[16,54051,225],{},[49,54053,54055],{"className":51,"code":54054,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[20,54056,54057],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54058,54059,54062,54064,54067,54069,54071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54060,54061],{"class":286},"new_list ",[58,54063,290],{"class":77},[58,54065,54066],{"class":286}," old_list",[58,54068,499],{"class":68},[58,54070,11057],{"class":239},[58,54072,6779],{"class":68},[16,54074,54075],{},"How it works:",[28,54077,54078,54084,54087],{},[31,54079,54080,54081,54083],{},"Call ",[20,54082,10922],{}," on an existing list",[31,54085,54086],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[31,54088,54089],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[16,54091,54092],{},"Example with an empty list:",[49,54094,54096],{"className":51,"code":54095,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[20,54097,54098,54107,54123,54127],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54099,54100,54103,54105],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54101,54102],{"class":286},"empty_list ",[58,54104,290],{"class":77},[58,54106,5971],{"class":68},[58,54108,54109,54112,54114,54117,54119,54121],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54110,54111],{"class":286},"new_empty_list ",[58,54113,290],{"class":77},[58,54115,54116],{"class":286}," empty_list",[58,54118,499],{"class":68},[58,54120,11057],{"class":239},[58,54122,6779],{"class":68},[58,54124,54125],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54126,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54128,54129,54131,54133,54136],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,54130,65],{"class":64},[58,54132,69],{"class":68},[58,54134,54135],{"class":239},"new_empty_list",[58,54137,243],{"class":68},[16,54139,132],{},[49,54141,54142],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,54143,54144],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54145,54146],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54147,36461],{"class":68},[16,54149,54150],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[44,54152,54154,54155],{"id":54153},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[20,54156,290],{},[16,54158,6552,54159,12201,54161,50838],{},[20,54160,290],{},[1855,54162,2751],{},[16,54164,54165],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[49,54167,54169],{"className":51,"code":54168,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[20,54170,54171,54191,54200,54204,54219,54223,54233],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54172,54173,54175,54177,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187,54189],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54174,1725],{"class":286},[58,54176,290],{"class":77},[58,54178,1730],{"class":68},[58,54180,1079],{"class":81},[58,54182,1082],{"class":68},[58,54184,1085],{"class":81},[58,54186,1082],{"class":68},[58,54188,531],{"class":81},[58,54190,1743],{"class":68},[58,54192,54193,54196,54198],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54194,54195],{"class":286},"same_list ",[58,54197,290],{"class":77},[58,54199,42149],{"class":286},[58,54201,54202],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54203,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54205,54206,54209,54211,54213,54215,54217],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,54207,54208],{"class":286},"same_list",[58,54210,499],{"class":68},[58,54212,11700],{"class":239},[58,54214,69],{"class":68},[58,54216,586],{"class":81},[58,54218,243],{"class":68},[58,54220,54221],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,54222,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54224,54225,54227,54229,54231],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,54226,65],{"class":64},[58,54228,69],{"class":68},[58,54230,1757],{"class":239},[58,54232,243],{"class":68},[58,54234,54235,54237,54239,54241],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,54236,65],{"class":64},[58,54238,69],{"class":68},[58,54240,54208],{"class":239},[58,54242,243],{"class":68},[16,54244,132],{},[49,54246,54248],{"className":51,"code":54247,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,54249,54250,54270],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54251,54252,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54253,2016],{"class":68},[58,54255,1079],{"class":81},[58,54257,1082],{"class":68},[58,54259,1085],{"class":81},[58,54261,1082],{"class":68},[58,54263,531],{"class":81},[58,54265,1082],{"class":68},[58,54267,537],{"class":81},[58,54269,1743],{"class":68},[58,54271,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54273,2016],{"class":68},[58,54275,1079],{"class":81},[58,54277,1082],{"class":68},[58,54279,1085],{"class":81},[58,54281,1082],{"class":68},[58,54283,531],{"class":81},[58,54285,1082],{"class":68},[58,54287,537],{"class":81},[58,54289,1743],{"class":68},[16,54291,54292],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[16,54294,54295,54296,973],{},"Now compare that with ",[20,54297,10922],{},[49,54299,54301],{"className":51,"code":54300,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[20,54302,54303,54323,54338,54342,54357,54361,54371],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54304,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54306,1725],{"class":286},[58,54308,290],{"class":77},[58,54310,1730],{"class":68},[58,54312,1079],{"class":81},[58,54314,1082],{"class":68},[58,54316,1085],{"class":81},[58,54318,1082],{"class":68},[58,54320,531],{"class":81},[58,54322,1743],{"class":68},[58,54324,54325,54328,54330,54332,54334,54336],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54326,54327],{"class":286},"copied_numbers ",[58,54329,290],{"class":77},[58,54331,2381],{"class":286},[58,54333,499],{"class":68},[58,54335,11057],{"class":239},[58,54337,6779],{"class":68},[58,54339,54340],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54341,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54343,54344,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,54345,54346],{"class":286},"copied_numbers",[58,54348,499],{"class":68},[58,54350,11700],{"class":239},[58,54352,69],{"class":68},[58,54354,586],{"class":81},[58,54356,243],{"class":68},[58,54358,54359],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,54360,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,54364,65],{"class":64},[58,54366,69],{"class":68},[58,54368,1757],{"class":239},[58,54370,243],{"class":68},[58,54372,54373,54375,54377,54379],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,54374,65],{"class":64},[58,54376,69],{"class":68},[58,54378,54346],{"class":239},[58,54380,243],{"class":68},[16,54382,132],{},[49,54384,54386],{"className":51,"code":54385,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,54387,54388,54404],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54389,54390,54392,54394,54396,54398,54400,54402],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54391,2016],{"class":68},[58,54393,1079],{"class":81},[58,54395,1082],{"class":68},[58,54397,1085],{"class":81},[58,54399,1082],{"class":68},[58,54401,531],{"class":81},[58,54403,1743],{"class":68},[58,54405,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54407,2016],{"class":68},[58,54409,1079],{"class":81},[58,54411,1082],{"class":68},[58,54413,1085],{"class":81},[58,54415,1082],{"class":68},[58,54417,531],{"class":81},[58,54419,1082],{"class":68},[58,54421,537],{"class":81},[58,54423,1743],{"class":68},[16,54425,54426,54427,499],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[374,54428,50942],{"href":49149},[44,54430,54432],{"id":54431},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[16,54434,54435,10993,54437,499],{},[20,54436,53772],{},[1855,54438,10996],{},[16,54440,170],{},[28,54442,54443,54446],{},[31,54444,54445],{},"The outer list is new",[31,54447,54448],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[16,54450,54451],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[49,54453,54455],{"className":51,"code":54454,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[20,54456,54457,54484,54498,54502,54521,54525,54535],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54458,54459,54461,54463,54466,54468,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54460,10230],{"class":286},[58,54462,290],{"class":77},[58,54464,54465],{"class":68}," [[",[58,54467,1079],{"class":81},[58,54469,1082],{"class":68},[58,54471,1085],{"class":81},[58,54473,16213],{"class":68},[58,54475,1730],{"class":68},[58,54477,123],{"class":81},[58,54479,1082],{"class":68},[58,54481,537],{"class":81},[58,54483,51413],{"class":68},[58,54485,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54487,12459],{"class":286},[58,54489,290],{"class":77},[58,54491,10305],{"class":286},[58,54493,499],{"class":68},[58,54495,11057],{"class":239},[58,54497,6779],{"class":68},[58,54499,54500],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54501,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54503,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516,54519],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,54505,12478],{"class":286},[58,54507,2016],{"class":68},[58,54509,183],{"class":81},[58,54511,11697],{"class":68},[58,54513,11700],{"class":239},[58,54515,69],{"class":68},[58,54517,54518],{"class":81},"99",[58,54520,243],{"class":68},[58,54522,54523],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,54524,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54526,54527,54529,54531,54533],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,54528,65],{"class":64},[58,54530,69],{"class":68},[58,54532,10277],{"class":239},[58,54534,243],{"class":68},[58,54536,54537,54539,54541,54543],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,54538,65],{"class":64},[58,54540,69],{"class":68},[58,54542,12478],{"class":239},[58,54544,243],{"class":68},[16,54546,132],{},[49,54548,54550],{"className":51,"code":54549,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,54551,54552,54579],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54553,54554,54557,54559,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54555,54556],{"class":68},"[[",[58,54558,1079],{"class":81},[58,54560,1082],{"class":68},[58,54562,1085],{"class":81},[58,54564,1082],{"class":68},[58,54566,8336],{"class":81},[58,54568,16213],{"class":68},[58,54570,1730],{"class":68},[58,54572,123],{"class":81},[58,54574,1082],{"class":68},[58,54576,537],{"class":81},[58,54578,51413],{"class":68},[58,54580,54581,54583,54585,54587,54589,54591,54593,54595,54597,54599,54601,54603],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54582,54556],{"class":68},[58,54584,1079],{"class":81},[58,54586,1082],{"class":68},[58,54588,1085],{"class":81},[58,54590,1082],{"class":68},[58,54592,8336],{"class":81},[58,54594,16213],{"class":68},[58,54596,1730],{"class":68},[58,54598,123],{"class":81},[58,54600,1082],{"class":68},[58,54602,537],{"class":81},[58,54604,51413],{"class":68},[16,54606,54607],{},"Why did both change?",[28,54609,54610,54617],{},[31,54611,54612,2512,54614,54616],{},[20,54613,10277],{},[20,54615,12478],{}," are different outer lists",[31,54618,54619,54620,54623],{},"But the inner list ",[20,54621,54622],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[16,54625,51824,54626,54628],{},[20,54627,10922],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[28,54630,54631,54634,54637],{},[31,54632,54633],{},"Numbers",[31,54635,54636],{},"Strings",[31,54638,38760],{},[16,54640,54641,54642,499],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[374,54643,11938],{"href":11937},[44,54645,15569],{"id":15568},[16,54647,54648,54650],{},[20,54649,53772],{}," returns a new list.",[16,54652,39071,54653,54655],{},[1855,54654,2751],{}," change the original list by itself.",[16,54657,54658],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[16,54660,14805],{},[49,54662,54664],{"className":51,"code":54663,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[20,54665,54666,54690,54704,54708],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54667,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54669,11222],{"class":286},[58,54671,290],{"class":77},[58,54673,1730],{"class":68},[58,54675,940],{"class":939},[58,54677,11239],{"class":943},[58,54679,940],{"class":939},[58,54681,1082],{"class":68},[58,54683,1450],{"class":939},[58,54685,11256],{"class":943},[58,54687,940],{"class":939},[58,54689,1743],{"class":68},[58,54691,54692,54694,54696,54698,54700,54702],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54693,11265],{"class":286},[58,54695,290],{"class":77},[58,54697,11270],{"class":286},[58,54699,499],{"class":68},[58,54701,11057],{"class":239},[58,54703,6779],{"class":68},[58,54705,54706],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54707,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54709,54710,54712,54714,54716],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,54711,65],{"class":64},[58,54713,69],{"class":68},[58,54715,11289],{"class":239},[58,54717,243],{"class":68},[16,54719,54720],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[49,54722,54724],{"className":51,"code":54723,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[20,54725,54726,54750,54760,54764],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54727,54728,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54729,11222],{"class":286},[58,54731,290],{"class":77},[58,54733,1730],{"class":68},[58,54735,940],{"class":939},[58,54737,11239],{"class":943},[58,54739,940],{"class":939},[58,54741,1082],{"class":68},[58,54743,1450],{"class":939},[58,54745,11256],{"class":943},[58,54747,940],{"class":939},[58,54749,1743],{"class":68},[58,54751,54752,54754,54756,54758],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54753,15653],{"class":286},[58,54755,499],{"class":68},[58,54757,11057],{"class":239},[58,54759,6779],{"class":68},[58,54761,54762],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54763,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54765,54766,54768,54770,54772],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,54767,65],{"class":64},[58,54769,69],{"class":68},[58,54771,15653],{"class":239},[58,54773,243],{"class":68},[16,54775,54776,54777,54779],{},"In the second example, ",[20,54778,10922],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[44,54781,3083,54783],{"id":54782},"when-to-use-listcopy",[20,54784,53772],{},[16,54786,155,54787,8741],{},[20,54788,53772],{},[28,54790,54791,54794,54797,54800],{},[31,54792,54793],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[31,54795,54796],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[31,54798,54799],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[31,54801,54802,54803],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[20,54804,54805],{},"[:]",[16,54807,276],{},[49,54809,54811],{"className":51,"code":54810,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[20,54812,54813,54833,54848,54852,54867,54871,54881],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54814,54815,54817,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827,54829,54831],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54816,3186],{"class":286},[58,54818,290],{"class":77},[58,54820,1730],{"class":68},[58,54822,408],{"class":81},[58,54824,1082],{"class":68},[58,54826,5922],{"class":81},[58,54828,1082],{"class":68},[58,54830,5927],{"class":81},[58,54832,1743],{"class":68},[58,54834,54835,54838,54840,54842,54844,54846],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54836,54837],{"class":286},"backup_scores ",[58,54839,290],{"class":77},[58,54841,3233],{"class":286},[58,54843,499],{"class":68},[58,54845,11057],{"class":239},[58,54847,6779],{"class":68},[58,54849,54850],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54851,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54853,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862,54865],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,54855,14538],{"class":286},[58,54857,499],{"class":68},[58,54859,11700],{"class":239},[58,54861,69],{"class":68},[58,54863,54864],{"class":81},"40",[58,54866,243],{"class":68},[58,54868,54869],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,54870,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,54872,54873,54875,54877,54879],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,54874,65],{"class":64},[58,54876,69],{"class":68},[58,54878,14538],{"class":239},[58,54880,243],{"class":68},[58,54882,54883,54885,54887,54890],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,54884,65],{"class":64},[58,54886,69],{"class":68},[58,54888,54889],{"class":239},"backup_scores",[58,54891,243],{"class":68},[16,54893,132],{},[49,54895,54897],{"className":51,"code":54896,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[20,54898,54899,54919],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54900,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54902,2016],{"class":68},[58,54904,408],{"class":81},[58,54906,1082],{"class":68},[58,54908,5922],{"class":81},[58,54910,1082],{"class":68},[58,54912,5927],{"class":81},[58,54914,1082],{"class":68},[58,54916,49013],{"class":81},[58,54918,1743],{"class":68},[58,54920,54921,54923,54925,54927,54929,54931,54933],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54922,2016],{"class":68},[58,54924,408],{"class":81},[58,54926,1082],{"class":68},[58,54928,5922],{"class":81},[58,54930,1082],{"class":68},[58,54932,5927],{"class":81},[58,54934,1743],{"class":68},[16,54936,54937,54938,499],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[374,54939,53691,54941,8881],{"href":54940},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[20,54942,50823],{},[44,54944,2638],{"id":2637},[16,54946,54947,54948,499],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[20,54949,53772],{},[617,54951,6552,54953,54955],{"id":54952},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[20,54954,290],{}," and expecting a real copy",[16,54957,37363],{},[49,54959,54961],{"className":51,"code":54960,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,54962,54963,54983,54991,55005,55009],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,54964,54965,54967,54969,54971,54973,54975,54977,54979,54981],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,54966,637],{"class":286},[58,54968,290],{"class":77},[58,54970,1730],{"class":68},[58,54972,1079],{"class":81},[58,54974,1082],{"class":68},[58,54976,1085],{"class":81},[58,54978,1082],{"class":68},[58,54980,531],{"class":81},[58,54982,1743],{"class":68},[58,54984,54985,54987,54989],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,54986,665],{"class":286},[58,54988,290],{"class":77},[58,54990,34337],{"class":286},[58,54992,54993,54995,54997,54999,55001,55003],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,54994,2882],{"class":286},[58,54996,499],{"class":68},[58,54998,11700],{"class":239},[58,55000,69],{"class":68},[58,55002,586],{"class":81},[58,55004,243],{"class":68},[58,55006,55007],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,55008,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,55010,55011,55013,55015,55017,55019],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,55012,65],{"class":64},[58,55014,69],{"class":68},[58,55016,374],{"class":239},[58,55018,1770],{"class":68},[58,55020,53872],{"class":1773},[16,55022,55023,55024,4760],{},"Fix: use ",[20,55025,10922],{},[49,55027,55029],{"className":51,"code":55028,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55030,55031,55051,55066,55080,55084],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55032,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55034,637],{"class":286},[58,55036,290],{"class":77},[58,55038,1730],{"class":68},[58,55040,1079],{"class":81},[58,55042,1082],{"class":68},[58,55044,1085],{"class":81},[58,55046,1082],{"class":68},[58,55048,531],{"class":81},[58,55050,1743],{"class":68},[58,55052,55053,55055,55057,55060,55062,55064],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55054,665],{"class":286},[58,55056,290],{"class":77},[58,55058,55059],{"class":286}," a",[58,55061,499],{"class":68},[58,55063,11057],{"class":239},[58,55065,6779],{"class":68},[58,55067,55068,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,55069,2882],{"class":286},[58,55071,499],{"class":68},[58,55073,11700],{"class":239},[58,55075,69],{"class":68},[58,55077,586],{"class":81},[58,55079,243],{"class":68},[58,55081,55082],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,55083,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,55085,55086,55088,55090,55092,55094],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,55087,65],{"class":64},[58,55089,69],{"class":68},[58,55091,374],{"class":239},[58,55093,1770],{"class":68},[58,55095,53103],{"class":1773},[617,55097,55099],{"id":55098},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[49,55101,55103],{"className":51,"code":55102,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[20,55104,55105,55125],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55106,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55108,1725],{"class":286},[58,55110,290],{"class":77},[58,55112,1730],{"class":68},[58,55114,1079],{"class":81},[58,55116,1082],{"class":68},[58,55118,1085],{"class":81},[58,55120,1082],{"class":68},[58,55122,531],{"class":81},[58,55124,1743],{"class":68},[58,55126,55127,55129,55131,55133],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55128,1757],{"class":286},[58,55130,499],{"class":68},[58,55132,11057],{"class":239},[58,55134,6779],{"class":68},[16,55136,55137],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[16,55139,37426],{},[49,55141,55143],{"className":51,"code":55142,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[20,55144,55145,55165],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55146,55147,55149,55151,55153,55155,55157,55159,55161,55163],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55148,1725],{"class":286},[58,55150,290],{"class":77},[58,55152,1730],{"class":68},[58,55154,1079],{"class":81},[58,55156,1082],{"class":68},[58,55158,1085],{"class":81},[58,55160,1082],{"class":68},[58,55162,531],{"class":81},[58,55164,1743],{"class":68},[58,55166,55167,55169,55171,55173,55175,55177],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55168,54327],{"class":286},[58,55170,290],{"class":77},[58,55172,2381],{"class":286},[58,55174,499],{"class":68},[58,55176,11057],{"class":239},[58,55178,6779],{"class":68},[617,55180,55182],{"id":55181},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[49,55184,55186],{"className":51,"code":55185,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,55187,55188,55206,55220,55224,55242,55246],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55189,55190,55192,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55191,637],{"class":286},[58,55193,290],{"class":77},[58,55195,54465],{"class":68},[58,55197,1079],{"class":81},[58,55199,16213],{"class":68},[58,55201,1730],{"class":68},[58,55203,117],{"class":81},[58,55205,51413],{"class":68},[58,55207,55208,55210,55212,55214,55216,55218],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55209,665],{"class":286},[58,55211,290],{"class":77},[58,55213,55059],{"class":286},[58,55215,499],{"class":68},[58,55217,11057],{"class":239},[58,55219,6779],{"class":68},[58,55221,55222],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,55223,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,55225,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234,55236,55238,55240],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,55227,2882],{"class":286},[58,55229,2016],{"class":68},[58,55231,183],{"class":81},[58,55233,11697],{"class":68},[58,55235,11700],{"class":239},[58,55237,69],{"class":68},[58,55239,54518],{"class":81},[58,55241,243],{"class":68},[58,55243,55244],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,55245,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,55247,55248,55250,55252,55254,55256],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,55249,65],{"class":64},[58,55251,69],{"class":68},[58,55253,374],{"class":239},[58,55255,1770],{"class":68},[58,55257,55258],{"class":1773},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[16,55260,55261,55262,55264],{},"Fix: remember that ",[20,55263,53772],{}," is shallow.",[617,55266,23771,55268,55270],{"id":55267},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[20,55269,10922],{}," on the wrong data type",[16,55272,55273,55275],{},[20,55274,10922],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[49,55277,55279],{"className":51,"code":55278,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,55280,55281,55293],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289,55291],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55284,6009],{"class":286},[58,55286,290],{"class":77},[58,55288,1450],{"class":939},[58,55290,3126],{"class":943},[58,55292,1456],{"class":939},[58,55294,55295],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55296,55297],{"class":1773},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[16,55299,55300],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[49,55302,55304],{"className":51,"code":55303,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(name))\n",[20,55305,55306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55307,55308,55310,55312,55314,55316,55318],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55309,65],{"class":64},[58,55311,69],{"class":68},[58,55313,1316],{"class":991},[58,55315,69],{"class":68},[58,55317,5799],{"class":239},[58,55319,85],{"class":68},[16,55321,55322,55323,55327],{},"You can also review ",[374,55324,55326],{"href":55325},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[44,55329,1555],{"id":1554},[617,55331,10849,55333,55335],{"id":55332},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[20,55334,53772],{}," change the original list?",[16,55337,55338],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[617,55340,3303,55342,2512,55344,573],{"id":55341},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[20,55343,53772],{},[20,55345,290],{},[16,55347,55348,55350,55351,55353],{},[20,55349,10922],{}," creates a new list. ",[20,55352,290],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[617,55355,13051,55357,13054],{"id":55356},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[20,55358,53772],{},[16,55360,55361],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[617,55363,55365],{"id":55364},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[16,55367,40318,55368,55371],{},[20,55369,55370],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[617,55373,13051,55375,55377,55378,573],{"id":55374},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[20,55376,53772],{}," the same as ",[20,55379,54805],{},[16,55381,55382],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[44,55384,1603],{"id":1602},[28,55386,55387,55392,55396,55401,55407],{},[31,55388,55389],{},[374,55390,13113],{"href":55391},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[31,55393,55394],{},[374,55395,50942],{"href":49149},[31,55397,55398],{},[374,55399,55400],{"href":55325},"Creating a list in Python",[31,55402,55403],{},[374,55404,53691,55405,8881],{"href":54940},[20,55406,50823],{},[31,55408,55409],{},[374,55410,11938],{"href":11937},[1635,55412,55413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":55415},[55416,55417,55419,55420,55422,55423,55424,55426,55434,55445],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":53882,"depth":88,"text":55418},"What list.copy() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":54153,"depth":88,"text":55421},"Why not use =",{"id":54431,"depth":88,"text":54432},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":54782,"depth":88,"text":55425},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":55427},[55428,55430,55431,55432],{"id":54952,"depth":104,"text":55429},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":55098,"depth":104,"text":55099},{"id":55181,"depth":104,"text":55182},{"id":55267,"depth":104,"text":55433},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":55435},[55436,55438,55440,55442,55443],{"id":55332,"depth":104,"text":55437},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":55341,"depth":104,"text":55439},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":55356,"depth":104,"text":55441},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":55364,"depth":104,"text":55365},{"id":55374,"depth":104,"text":55444},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":53760,"description":55446},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":55453,"title":55454,"body":55455,"description":57197,"extension":1667,"meta":57198,"navigation":318,"path":57199,"seo":57200,"stem":57201,"__hash__":57202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":9,"value":55456,"toc":57156},[55457,55463,55469,55472,55483,55486,55488,55551,55557,55562,55566,55580,55583,55588,55593,55595,55597,55616,55628,55630,55697,55699,55707,55712,55714,55722,55725,55742,55744,55868,55879,55883,55888,55891,55893,55911,55915,56001,56010,56018,56087,56089,56092,56104,56109,56113,56184,56187,56191,56195,56260,56262,56270,56274,56357,56359,56367,56371,56432,56434,56442,56446,56533,56535,56543,56548,56553,56556,56567,56569,56654,56659,56668,56670,56674,56678,56683,56745,56749,56757,56763,56772,56777,56826,56829,56850,56854,56916,56923,56928,56931,57018,57021,57032,57035,57055,57057,57063,57066,57070,57074,57080,57083,57089,57096,57104,57115,57117,57153],[12,55458,52513,55460,9464],{"id":55459},"python-list-count-method",[20,55461,55462],{},"count()",[16,55464,55465,55468],{},[20,55466,55467],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[16,55470,55471],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[28,55473,55474,55477,55480],{},[31,55475,55476],{},"count one specific item",[31,55478,55479],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[31,55481,55482],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[16,55484,55485],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[44,55487,1715],{"id":1714},[49,55489,55491],{"className":51,"code":55490,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[20,55492,55493,55521,55539],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55494,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509,55511,55513,55515,55517,55519],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55496,1725],{"class":286},[58,55498,290],{"class":77},[58,55500,1730],{"class":68},[58,55502,1079],{"class":81},[58,55504,1082],{"class":68},[58,55506,1085],{"class":81},[58,55508,1082],{"class":68},[58,55510,1085],{"class":81},[58,55512,1082],{"class":68},[58,55514,531],{"class":81},[58,55516,1082],{"class":68},[58,55518,1085],{"class":81},[58,55520,1743],{"class":68},[58,55522,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55524,301],{"class":286},[58,55526,290],{"class":77},[58,55528,2381],{"class":286},[58,55530,499],{"class":68},[58,55532,39425],{"class":239},[58,55534,69],{"class":68},[58,55536,117],{"class":81},[58,55538,243],{"class":68},[58,55540,55541,55543,55545,55547,55549],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,55542,65],{"class":64},[58,55544,69],{"class":68},[58,55546,340],{"class":239},[58,55548,1770],{"class":68},[58,55550,48940],{"class":1773},[16,55552,155,55553,55556],{},[20,55554,55555],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[44,55558,1788,55560,1791],{"id":55559},"what-listcount-does",[20,55561,55467],{},[16,55563,55564,973],{},[20,55565,55467],{},[28,55567,55568,55571,55574,55577],{},[31,55569,55570],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[31,55572,55573],{},"returns an integer",[31,55575,55576],{},"does not change the original list",[31,55578,55579],{},"checks for exact matches",[16,55581,55582],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[16,55584,55585,55586,499],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[20,55587,123],{},[16,55589,55590,55591,499],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[20,55592,183],{},[44,55594,222],{"id":221},[16,55596,225],{},[49,55598,55600],{"className":51,"code":55599,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.count(value)\n",[20,55601,55602],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55603,55604,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55605,6473],{"class":286},[58,55607,499],{"class":68},[58,55609,39425],{"class":239},[58,55611,69],{"class":68},[58,55613,553],{"class":239},[58,55615,243],{"class":68},[28,55617,55618,55623],{},[31,55619,55620,55622],{},[20,55621,6473],{}," is the list you want to search",[31,55624,55625,55627],{},[20,55626,553],{}," is the item you want to count",[16,55629,276],{},[49,55631,55633],{"className":51,"code":55632,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[20,55634,55635,55675],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55636,55637,55639,55641,55643,55645,55647,55649,55651,55653,55655,55657,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55638,34252],{"class":286},[58,55640,290],{"class":77},[58,55642,1730],{"class":68},[58,55644,940],{"class":939},[58,55646,374],{"class":943},[58,55648,940],{"class":939},[58,55650,1082],{"class":68},[58,55652,1450],{"class":939},[58,55654,2882],{"class":943},[58,55656,940],{"class":939},[58,55658,1082],{"class":68},[58,55660,1450],{"class":939},[58,55662,374],{"class":943},[58,55664,940],{"class":939},[58,55666,1082],{"class":68},[58,55668,1450],{"class":939},[58,55670,7878],{"class":943},[58,55672,940],{"class":939},[58,55674,1743],{"class":68},[58,55676,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55678,65],{"class":64},[58,55680,69],{"class":68},[58,55682,34305],{"class":239},[58,55684,499],{"class":68},[58,55686,39425],{"class":239},[58,55688,69],{"class":68},[58,55690,940],{"class":939},[58,55692,374],{"class":943},[58,55694,940],{"class":939},[58,55696,85],{"class":68},[16,55698,132],{},[49,55700,55701],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,55702,55703],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55704,55705],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55706,15206],{"class":81},[16,55708,55709,55710,499],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[20,55711,183],{},[44,55713,36184],{"id":36183},[16,55715,55716,55717,55719,55720,499],{},"The return value from ",[20,55718,55462],{}," is always an ",[20,55721,256],{},[16,55723,55724],{},"Possible results:",[28,55726,55727,55732,55737],{},[31,55728,55729,55731],{},[20,55730,183],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[31,55733,55734,55736],{},[20,55735,1079],{}," if it appears once",[31,55738,55739,55741],{},[20,55740,117],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[16,55743,276],{},[49,55745,55747],{"className":51,"code":55746,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[20,55748,55749,55789,55793,55818,55843],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55750,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55752,11222],{"class":286},[58,55754,290],{"class":77},[58,55756,1730],{"class":68},[58,55758,940],{"class":939},[58,55760,11239],{"class":943},[58,55762,940],{"class":939},[58,55764,1082],{"class":68},[58,55766,1450],{"class":939},[58,55768,11256],{"class":943},[58,55770,940],{"class":939},[58,55772,1082],{"class":68},[58,55774,1450],{"class":939},[58,55776,15606],{"class":943},[58,55778,940],{"class":939},[58,55780,1082],{"class":68},[58,55782,1450],{"class":939},[58,55784,11256],{"class":943},[58,55786,940],{"class":939},[58,55788,1743],{"class":68},[58,55790,55791],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55792,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,55794,55795,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,55796,65],{"class":64},[58,55798,69],{"class":68},[58,55800,15653],{"class":239},[58,55802,499],{"class":68},[58,55804,39425],{"class":239},[58,55806,69],{"class":68},[58,55808,940],{"class":939},[58,55810,11256],{"class":943},[58,55812,940],{"class":939},[58,55814,3486],{"class":68},[58,55816,55817],{"class":1773},"   # 2\n",[58,55819,55820,55822,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834,55836,55838,55840],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,55821,65],{"class":64},[58,55823,69],{"class":68},[58,55825,15653],{"class":239},[58,55827,499],{"class":68},[58,55829,39425],{"class":239},[58,55831,69],{"class":68},[58,55833,940],{"class":939},[58,55835,11239],{"class":943},[58,55837,940],{"class":939},[58,55839,3486],{"class":68},[58,55841,55842],{"class":1773},"    # 1\n",[58,55844,55845,55847,55849,55851,55853,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863,55865],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,55846,65],{"class":64},[58,55848,69],{"class":68},[58,55850,15653],{"class":239},[58,55852,499],{"class":68},[58,55854,39425],{"class":239},[58,55856,69],{"class":68},[58,55858,940],{"class":939},[58,55860,20677],{"class":943},[58,55862,940],{"class":939},[58,55864,3486],{"class":68},[58,55866,55867],{"class":1773}," # 0\n",[16,55869,55870,55871,55873,55874,55876,55877,499],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[20,55872,55462],{}," works, but using ",[20,55875,1998],{}," is often simpler. See ",[374,55878,4325],{"href":4324},[44,55880,55882],{"id":55881},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[16,55884,55885,55887],{},[20,55886,55467],{}," uses equality matching.",[16,55889,55890],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[16,55892,41817],{},[28,55894,55895,55898,55901,55908],{},[31,55896,55897],{},"matches are based on equality",[31,55899,55900],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[31,55902,55903,2512,55905,55907],{},[20,55904,1079],{},[20,55906,1710],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[31,55909,55910],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[617,55912,55914],{"id":55913},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[49,55916,55918],{"className":51,"code":55917,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[20,55919,55920,55953,55977],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,55921,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55941,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,55923,2187],{"class":286},[58,55925,290],{"class":77},[58,55927,1730],{"class":68},[58,55929,940],{"class":939},[58,55931,2196],{"class":943},[58,55933,940],{"class":939},[58,55935,1082],{"class":68},[58,55937,1450],{"class":939},[58,55939,55940],{"class":943},"Apple",[58,55942,940],{"class":939},[58,55944,1082],{"class":68},[58,55946,1450],{"class":939},[58,55948,2196],{"class":943},[58,55950,940],{"class":939},[58,55952,1743],{"class":68},[58,55954,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,55956,65],{"class":64},[58,55958,69],{"class":68},[58,55960,2231],{"class":239},[58,55962,499],{"class":68},[58,55964,39425],{"class":239},[58,55966,69],{"class":68},[58,55968,940],{"class":939},[58,55970,2196],{"class":943},[58,55972,940],{"class":939},[58,55974,3486],{"class":68},[58,55976,49585],{"class":1773},[58,55978,55979,55981,55983,55985,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,55999],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,55980,65],{"class":64},[58,55982,69],{"class":68},[58,55984,2231],{"class":239},[58,55986,499],{"class":68},[58,55988,39425],{"class":239},[58,55990,69],{"class":68},[58,55992,940],{"class":939},[58,55994,55940],{"class":943},[58,55996,940],{"class":939},[58,55998,3486],{"class":68},[58,56000,25935],{"class":1773},[16,56002,56003,2512,56006,56009],{},[20,56004,56005],{},"\"apple\"",[20,56007,56008],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[617,56011,56013,2512,56015,56017],{"id":56012},"_1-and-true-can-match",[20,56014,1079],{},[20,56016,1710],{}," can match",[49,56019,56021],{"className":51,"code":56020,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[20,56022,56023,56047,56067],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56024,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56026,1936],{"class":286},[58,56028,290],{"class":77},[58,56030,1730],{"class":68},[58,56032,1079],{"class":81},[58,56034,1082],{"class":68},[58,56036,2032],{"class":1966},[58,56038,1082],{"class":68},[58,56040,1085],{"class":81},[58,56042,1082],{"class":68},[58,56044,3623],{"class":81},[58,56046,1743],{"class":68},[58,56048,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56050,65],{"class":64},[58,56052,69],{"class":68},[58,56054,3483],{"class":239},[58,56056,499],{"class":68},[58,56058,39425],{"class":239},[58,56060,69],{"class":68},[58,56062,1079],{"class":81},[58,56064,3486],{"class":68},[58,56066,49088],{"class":1773},[58,56068,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,56070,65],{"class":64},[58,56072,69],{"class":68},[58,56074,3483],{"class":239},[58,56076,499],{"class":68},[58,56078,39425],{"class":239},[58,56080,69],{"class":68},[58,56082,1710],{"class":1966},[58,56084,3486],{"class":68},[58,56086,48940],{"class":1773},[16,56088,2529],{},[16,56090,56091],{},"In Python:",[28,56093,56094,56099],{},[31,56095,56096],{},[20,56097,56098],{},"True == 1",[31,56100,56101],{},[20,56102,56103],{},"False == 0",[16,56105,51824,56106,56108],{},[20,56107,55462],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[617,56110,56112],{"id":56111},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[49,56114,56116],{"className":51,"code":56115,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[20,56117,56118,56160],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56119,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56121,5911],{"class":286},[58,56123,290],{"class":77},[58,56125,54465],{"class":68},[58,56127,1079],{"class":81},[58,56129,1082],{"class":68},[58,56131,1085],{"class":81},[58,56133,16213],{"class":68},[58,56135,1730],{"class":68},[58,56137,123],{"class":81},[58,56139,1082],{"class":68},[58,56141,537],{"class":81},[58,56143,16213],{"class":68},[58,56145,1730],{"class":68},[58,56147,1079],{"class":81},[58,56149,1082],{"class":68},[58,56151,1085],{"class":81},[58,56153,16213],{"class":68},[58,56155,1730],{"class":68},[58,56157,1079],{"class":81},[58,56159,51413],{"class":68},[58,56161,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56163,65],{"class":64},[58,56165,69],{"class":68},[58,56167,5942],{"class":239},[58,56169,499],{"class":68},[58,56171,39425],{"class":239},[58,56173,1076],{"class":68},[58,56175,1079],{"class":81},[58,56177,1082],{"class":68},[58,56179,1085],{"class":81},[58,56181,2856],{"class":68},[58,56183,49585],{"class":1773},[16,56185,56186],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[44,56188,56190],{"id":56189},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[617,56192,56194],{"id":56193},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[49,56196,56198],{"className":51,"code":56197,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,56199,56200,56228,56246,56250],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56201,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56203,1725],{"class":286},[58,56205,290],{"class":77},[58,56207,1730],{"class":68},[58,56209,408],{"class":81},[58,56211,1082],{"class":68},[58,56213,5922],{"class":81},[58,56215,1082],{"class":68},[58,56217,4131],{"class":81},[58,56219,1082],{"class":68},[58,56221,5927],{"class":81},[58,56223,1082],{"class":68},[58,56225,4131],{"class":81},[58,56227,1743],{"class":68},[58,56229,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56231,301],{"class":286},[58,56233,290],{"class":77},[58,56235,2381],{"class":286},[58,56237,499],{"class":68},[58,56239,39425],{"class":239},[58,56241,69],{"class":68},[58,56243,408],{"class":81},[58,56245,243],{"class":68},[58,56247,56248],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,56249,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,56251,56252,56254,56256,56258],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,56253,65],{"class":64},[58,56255,69],{"class":68},[58,56257,340],{"class":239},[58,56259,243],{"class":68},[16,56261,132],{},[49,56263,56264],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,56265,56266],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56267,56268],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56269,44785],{"class":81},[617,56271,56273],{"id":56272},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[49,56275,56277],{"className":51,"code":56276,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,56278,56279,56321,56343,56347],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56280,56281,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314,56317,56319],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56282,2187],{"class":286},[58,56284,290],{"class":77},[58,56286,1730],{"class":68},[58,56288,940],{"class":939},[58,56290,35210],{"class":943},[58,56292,940],{"class":939},[58,56294,1082],{"class":68},[58,56296,1450],{"class":939},[58,56298,56299],{"class":943},"dog",[58,56301,940],{"class":939},[58,56303,1082],{"class":68},[58,56305,1450],{"class":939},[58,56307,35210],{"class":943},[58,56309,940],{"class":939},[58,56311,1082],{"class":68},[58,56313,1450],{"class":939},[58,56315,56316],{"class":943},"bird",[58,56318,940],{"class":939},[58,56320,1743],{"class":68},[58,56322,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56324,301],{"class":286},[58,56326,290],{"class":77},[58,56328,4295],{"class":286},[58,56330,499],{"class":68},[58,56332,39425],{"class":239},[58,56334,69],{"class":68},[58,56336,940],{"class":939},[58,56338,35210],{"class":943},[58,56340,940],{"class":939},[58,56342,243],{"class":68},[58,56344,56345],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,56346,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,56348,56349,56351,56353,56355],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,56350,65],{"class":64},[58,56352,69],{"class":68},[58,56354,340],{"class":239},[58,56356,243],{"class":68},[16,56358,132],{},[49,56360,56361],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,56362,56363],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56364,56365],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56366,15206],{"class":81},[617,56368,56370],{"id":56369},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[49,56372,56374],{"className":51,"code":56373,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,56375,56376,56400,56418,56422],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56377,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56379,1725],{"class":286},[58,56381,290],{"class":77},[58,56383,1730],{"class":68},[58,56385,1079],{"class":81},[58,56387,1082],{"class":68},[58,56389,1085],{"class":81},[58,56391,1082],{"class":68},[58,56393,531],{"class":81},[58,56395,1082],{"class":68},[58,56397,537],{"class":81},[58,56399,1743],{"class":68},[58,56401,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56403,301],{"class":286},[58,56405,290],{"class":77},[58,56407,2381],{"class":286},[58,56409,499],{"class":68},[58,56411,39425],{"class":239},[58,56413,69],{"class":68},[58,56415,200],{"class":81},[58,56417,243],{"class":68},[58,56419,56420],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,56421,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,56423,56424,56426,56428,56430],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,56425,65],{"class":64},[58,56427,69],{"class":68},[58,56429,340],{"class":239},[58,56431,243],{"class":68},[16,56433,132],{},[49,56435,56436],{"className":51,"code":45420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,56437,56438],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56439,56440],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56441,45420],{"class":81},[617,56443,56445],{"id":56444},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[49,56447,56449],{"className":51,"code":56448,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,56450,56451,56497,56519,56523],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56452,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56454,7303],{"class":286},[58,56456,290],{"class":77},[58,56458,54465],{"class":68},[58,56460,1079],{"class":81},[58,56462,1082],{"class":68},[58,56464,1085],{"class":81},[58,56466,16213],{"class":68},[58,56468,1730],{"class":68},[58,56470,1079],{"class":81},[58,56472,1082],{"class":68},[58,56474,1085],{"class":81},[58,56476,16213],{"class":68},[58,56478,1730],{"class":68},[58,56480,117],{"class":81},[58,56482,1082],{"class":68},[58,56484,531],{"class":81},[58,56486,16213],{"class":68},[58,56488,1730],{"class":68},[58,56490,1079],{"class":81},[58,56492,1082],{"class":68},[58,56494,1085],{"class":81},[58,56496,51413],{"class":68},[58,56498,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56500,301],{"class":286},[58,56502,290],{"class":77},[58,56504,12714],{"class":286},[58,56506,499],{"class":68},[58,56508,39425],{"class":239},[58,56510,1076],{"class":68},[58,56512,1079],{"class":81},[58,56514,1082],{"class":68},[58,56516,1085],{"class":81},[58,56518,2004],{"class":68},[58,56520,56521],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,56522,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,56524,56525,56527,56529,56531],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,56526,65],{"class":64},[58,56528,69],{"class":68},[58,56530,340],{"class":239},[58,56532,243],{"class":68},[16,56534,132],{},[49,56536,56537],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,56538,56539],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56540,56541],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56542,44785],{"class":81},[44,56544,3083,56546],{"id":56545},"when-to-use-count",[20,56547,55462],{},[16,56549,155,56550,56552],{},[20,56551,55462],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[16,56554,56555],{},"Good use cases:",[28,56557,56558,56561,56564],{},[31,56559,56560],{},"counting one specific item",[31,56562,56563],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[31,56565,56566],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[16,56568,276],{},[49,56570,56572],{"className":51,"code":56571,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[20,56573,56574,56615,56639,56643],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56575,56576,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593,56595,56597,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56577,56578],{"class":286},"votes ",[58,56580,290],{"class":77},[58,56582,1730],{"class":68},[58,56584,940],{"class":939},[58,56586,6794],{"class":943},[58,56588,940],{"class":939},[58,56590,1082],{"class":68},[58,56592,1450],{"class":939},[58,56594,6733],{"class":943},[58,56596,940],{"class":939},[58,56598,1082],{"class":68},[58,56600,1450],{"class":939},[58,56602,6794],{"class":943},[58,56604,940],{"class":939},[58,56606,1082],{"class":68},[58,56608,1450],{"class":939},[58,56610,6794],{"class":943},[58,56612,940],{"class":939},[58,56614,1743],{"class":68},[58,56616,56617,56620,56622,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56618,56619],{"class":286},"yes_votes ",[58,56621,290],{"class":77},[58,56623,56624],{"class":286}," votes",[58,56626,499],{"class":68},[58,56628,39425],{"class":239},[58,56630,69],{"class":68},[58,56632,940],{"class":939},[58,56634,6794],{"class":943},[58,56636,940],{"class":939},[58,56638,243],{"class":68},[58,56640,56641],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,56642,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,56644,56645,56647,56649,56652],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,56646,65],{"class":64},[58,56648,69],{"class":68},[58,56650,56651],{"class":239},"yes_votes",[58,56653,243],{"class":68},[16,56655,56656,56658],{},[20,56657,55462],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[16,56660,56661,56662,2512,56664,499],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[374,56663,50942],{"href":49149},[374,56665,56667],{"href":56666},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[44,56669,914],{"id":913},[16,56671,6582,56672,499],{},[20,56673,55467],{},[617,56675,56677],{"id":56676},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[16,56679,56680,56682],{},[20,56681,55467],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[49,56684,56686],{"className":51,"code":56685,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[20,56687,56688,56721],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56689,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698,56701,56703,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56691,2187],{"class":286},[58,56693,290],{"class":77},[58,56695,1730],{"class":68},[58,56697,940],{"class":939},[58,56699,56700],{"class":943},"apple pie",[58,56702,940],{"class":939},[58,56704,1082],{"class":68},[58,56706,1450],{"class":939},[58,56708,2205],{"class":943},[58,56710,940],{"class":939},[58,56712,1082],{"class":68},[58,56714,1450],{"class":939},[58,56716,56700],{"class":943},[58,56718,940],{"class":939},[58,56720,1743],{"class":68},[58,56722,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56724,65],{"class":64},[58,56726,69],{"class":68},[58,56728,2231],{"class":239},[58,56730,499],{"class":68},[58,56732,39425],{"class":239},[58,56734,69],{"class":68},[58,56736,940],{"class":939},[58,56738,2196],{"class":943},[58,56740,940],{"class":939},[58,56742,3486],{"class":68},[58,56744,49417],{"class":1773},[16,56746,569,56747,573],{},[20,56748,183],{},[16,56750,27217,56751,56753,56754,499],{},[20,56752,56005],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[20,56755,56756],{},"\"apple pie\"",[16,56758,56759,56760,499],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[20,56761,56762],{},"str.count()",[617,56764,6588,56766,6591,56768,966,56770],{"id":56765},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[20,56767,55462],{},[20,56769,1710],{},[20,56771,1784],{},[16,56773,56774,56776],{},[20,56775,55462],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[49,56778,56780],{"className":51,"code":56779,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[20,56781,56782,56806],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56783,56784,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56785,1725],{"class":286},[58,56787,290],{"class":77},[58,56789,1730],{"class":68},[58,56791,1079],{"class":81},[58,56793,1082],{"class":68},[58,56795,1085],{"class":81},[58,56797,1082],{"class":68},[58,56799,1085],{"class":81},[58,56801,1082],{"class":68},[58,56803,531],{"class":81},[58,56805,1743],{"class":68},[58,56807,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56809,65],{"class":64},[58,56811,69],{"class":68},[58,56813,1757],{"class":239},[58,56815,499],{"class":68},[58,56817,39425],{"class":239},[58,56819,69],{"class":68},[58,56821,117],{"class":81},[58,56823,3486],{"class":68},[58,56825,49585],{"class":1773},[16,56827,56828],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[49,56830,56832],{"className":51,"code":56831,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[20,56833,56834],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56835,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56837,65],{"class":64},[58,56839,69],{"class":68},[58,56841,117],{"class":81},[58,56843,19326],{"class":1991},[58,56845,2381],{"class":239},[58,56847,1770],{"class":68},[58,56849,1774],{"class":1773},[617,56851,56853],{"id":56852},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[49,56855,56857],{"className":51,"code":56856,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[20,56858,56859,56892],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56860,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885,56888,56890],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56862,3117],{"class":286},[58,56864,290],{"class":77},[58,56866,1730],{"class":68},[58,56868,940],{"class":939},[58,56870,5808],{"class":943},[58,56872,940],{"class":939},[58,56874,1082],{"class":68},[58,56876,1450],{"class":939},[58,56878,18370],{"class":943},[58,56880,940],{"class":939},[58,56882,1082],{"class":68},[58,56884,1450],{"class":939},[58,56886,56887],{"class":943},"SAM",[58,56889,940],{"class":939},[58,56891,1743],{"class":68},[58,56893,56894,56896,56898,56900,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56895,65],{"class":64},[58,56897,69],{"class":68},[58,56899,3161],{"class":239},[58,56901,499],{"class":68},[58,56903,39425],{"class":239},[58,56905,69],{"class":68},[58,56907,940],{"class":939},[58,56909,18370],{"class":943},[58,56911,940],{"class":939},[58,56913,3486],{"class":68},[58,56915,25935],{"class":1773},[16,56917,56918,56919,56922],{},"Only the exact string ",[20,56920,56921],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[617,56924,27806,56926,31707],{"id":56925},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[20,56927,55462],{},[16,56929,56930],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[49,56932,56934],{"className":51,"code":56933,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[20,56935,56936,56946,56960,56978,56992,57004],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,56937,56938,56940,56942,56944],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,56939,65],{"class":64},[58,56941,69],{"class":68},[58,56943,6473],{"class":239},[58,56945,243],{"class":68},[58,56947,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,56949,65],{"class":64},[58,56951,69],{"class":68},[58,56953,1316],{"class":991},[58,56955,69],{"class":68},[58,56957,6473],{"class":239},[58,56959,85],{"class":68},[58,56961,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,56963,65],{"class":64},[58,56965,69],{"class":68},[58,56967,6473],{"class":239},[58,56969,499],{"class":68},[58,56971,39425],{"class":239},[58,56973,69],{"class":68},[58,56975,553],{"class":239},[58,56977,85],{"class":68},[58,56979,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,56981,65],{"class":64},[58,56983,69],{"class":68},[58,56985,526],{"class":239},[58,56987,1998],{"class":1991},[58,56989,6530],{"class":239},[58,56991,243],{"class":68},[58,56993,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,56995,4084],{"class":1991},[58,56997,4087],{"class":286},[58,56999,1998],{"class":1991},[58,57001,6530],{"class":286},[58,57003,4521],{"class":68},[58,57005,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,57007,6202],{"class":64},[58,57009,69],{"class":68},[58,57011,39945],{"class":64},[58,57013,69],{"class":68},[58,57015,21464],{"class":239},[58,57017,85],{"class":68},[16,57019,57020],{},"These checks can help you see:",[28,57022,57023,57026,57029],{},[31,57024,57025],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[31,57027,57028],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[31,57030,57031],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[16,57033,57034],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[28,57036,57037,57042,57045,57052],{},[31,57038,48661,57039,57041],{},[20,57040,55462],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[31,57043,57044],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[31,57046,9248,57047,57049,57050],{},[20,57048,55467],{}," with string ",[20,57051,55462],{},[31,57053,57054],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[44,57056,1555],{"id":1554},[617,57058,10849,57060,57062],{"id":57059},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[20,57061,55467],{}," change the list?",[16,57064,57065],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[617,57067,57069],{"id":57068},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[16,57071,10055,57072,499],{},[20,57073,183],{},[617,57075,3293,57077,57079],{"id":57076},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[20,57078,55467],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[16,57081,57082],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[617,57084,13051,57086,57088],{"id":57085},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[20,57087,55467],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[16,57090,40318,57091,2512,57093,57095],{},[20,57092,56008],{},[20,57094,56005],{}," are different values.",[617,57097,3281,57099,57101,57102,573],{"id":57098},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[20,57100,1710],{}," sometimes count like ",[20,57103,1079],{},[16,57105,6922,57106,57108,57109,2512,57111,57108,57113,499],{},[20,57107,1710],{}," compares equal to ",[20,57110,1079],{},[20,57112,1784],{},[20,57114,183],{},[44,57116,1603],{"id":1602},[28,57118,57119,57123,57129,57133,57141,57148],{},[31,57120,57121],{},[374,57122,50942],{"href":49149},[31,57124,57125],{},[374,57126,57128],{"href":57127},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[31,57130,57131],{},[374,57132,5065],{"href":4324},[31,57134,57135],{},[374,57136,53691,57138,8881],{"href":57137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[20,57139,57140],{},"index()",[31,57142,57143],{},[374,57144,1681,57146],{"href":57145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[20,57147,40527],{},[31,57149,57150],{},[374,57151,57152],{"href":56666},"What is a list in Python",[1635,57154,57155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":57157},[57158,57159,57161,57162,57163,57169,57175,57177,57185,57196],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":55559,"depth":88,"text":57160},"What list.count() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":36183,"depth":88,"text":36184},{"id":55881,"depth":88,"text":55882,"children":57164},[57165,57166,57168],{"id":55913,"depth":104,"text":55914},{"id":56012,"depth":104,"text":57167},"1 and True can match",{"id":56111,"depth":104,"text":56112},{"id":56189,"depth":88,"text":56190,"children":57170},[57171,57172,57173,57174],{"id":56193,"depth":104,"text":56194},{"id":56272,"depth":104,"text":56273},{"id":56369,"depth":104,"text":56370},{"id":56444,"depth":104,"text":56445},{"id":56545,"depth":88,"text":57176},"When to use count()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":57178},[57179,57180,57182,57183],{"id":56676,"depth":104,"text":56677},{"id":56765,"depth":104,"text":57181},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":56852,"depth":104,"text":56853},{"id":56925,"depth":104,"text":57184},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":57186},[57187,57189,57190,57192,57194],{"id":57059,"depth":104,"text":57188},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":57068,"depth":104,"text":57069},{"id":57076,"depth":104,"text":57191},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":57085,"depth":104,"text":57193},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":57098,"depth":104,"text":57195},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":55454,"description":57197},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":57204,"title":57205,"body":57206,"description":59169,"extension":1667,"meta":59170,"navigation":318,"path":59171,"seo":59172,"stem":59173,"__hash__":59174},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":9,"value":57207,"toc":59132},[57208,57211,57214,57216,57344,57348,57429,57440,57442,57461,57465,57468,57471,57489,57491,57534,57538,57563,57572,57576,57581,57584,57701,57705,57774,57778,57790,57794,57797,57838,57842,57855,57858,57943,57947,57980,57987,57993,57998,58000,58012,58016,58049,58053,58085,58089,58126,58130,58150,58154,58188,58192,58221,58232,58236,58239,58242,58255,58312,58316,58355,58361,58364,58366,58369,58373,58376,58401,58403,58428,58435,58438,58483,58487,58506,58509,58548,58555,58560,58594,58598,58699,58706,58739,58743,58769,58773,58776,58814,58817,58854,58858,58861,58880,58884,58945,58947,58965,58969,58972,58975,59004,59006,59010,59013,59021,59025,59028,59048,59054,59060,59064,59067,59074,59082,59084,59123,59129],[12,57209,57205],{"id":57210},"python-list-creating-a-list",[16,57212,57213],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[44,57215,1715],{"id":1714},[49,57217,57219],{"className":51,"code":57218,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[20,57220,57221,57241,57273,57281,57299,57303,57313,57323,57334],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57222,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57224,1725],{"class":286},[58,57226,290],{"class":77},[58,57228,1730],{"class":68},[58,57230,1079],{"class":81},[58,57232,1082],{"class":68},[58,57234,1085],{"class":81},[58,57236,1082],{"class":68},[58,57238,531],{"class":81},[58,57240,1743],{"class":68},[58,57242,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57244,3117],{"class":286},[58,57246,290],{"class":77},[58,57248,1730],{"class":68},[58,57250,940],{"class":939},[58,57252,11026],{"class":943},[58,57254,940],{"class":939},[58,57256,1082],{"class":68},[58,57258,1450],{"class":939},[58,57260,34102],{"class":943},[58,57262,940],{"class":939},[58,57264,1082],{"class":68},[58,57266,1450],{"class":939},[58,57268,34111],{"class":943},[58,57270,940],{"class":939},[58,57272,1743],{"class":68},[58,57274,57275,57277,57279],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,57276,54102],{"class":286},[58,57278,290],{"class":77},[58,57280,5971],{"class":68},[58,57282,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,57284,34252],{"class":286},[58,57286,290],{"class":77},[58,57288,20713],{"class":991},[58,57290,69],{"class":68},[58,57292,940],{"class":939},[58,57294,39726],{"class":943},[58,57296,940],{"class":939},[58,57298,243],{"class":68},[58,57300,57301],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,57302,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,57304,57305,57307,57309,57311],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,57306,65],{"class":64},[58,57308,69],{"class":68},[58,57310,1757],{"class":239},[58,57312,243],{"class":68},[58,57314,57315,57317,57319,57321],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,57316,65],{"class":64},[58,57318,69],{"class":68},[58,57320,3161],{"class":239},[58,57322,243],{"class":68},[58,57324,57325,57327,57329,57332],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,57326,65],{"class":64},[58,57328,69],{"class":68},[58,57330,57331],{"class":239},"empty_list",[58,57333,243],{"class":68},[58,57335,57336,57338,57340,57342],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,57337,65],{"class":64},[58,57339,69],{"class":68},[58,57341,34305],{"class":239},[58,57343,243],{"class":68},[16,57345,57346],{},[1855,57347,132],{},[49,57349,57351],{"className":51,"code":57350,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,57352,57353,57369,57397,57401],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57354,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57356,2016],{"class":68},[58,57358,1079],{"class":81},[58,57360,1082],{"class":68},[58,57362,1085],{"class":81},[58,57364,1082],{"class":68},[58,57366,531],{"class":81},[58,57368,1743],{"class":68},[58,57370,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57372,2016],{"class":68},[58,57374,1396],{"class":939},[58,57376,11026],{"class":943},[58,57378,1396],{"class":939},[58,57380,1082],{"class":68},[58,57382,1391],{"class":939},[58,57384,34102],{"class":943},[58,57386,1396],{"class":939},[58,57388,1082],{"class":68},[58,57390,1391],{"class":939},[58,57392,34111],{"class":943},[58,57394,1396],{"class":939},[58,57396,1743],{"class":68},[58,57398,57399],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,57400,36461],{"class":68},[58,57402,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,57404,2016],{"class":68},[58,57406,1396],{"class":939},[58,57408,374],{"class":943},[58,57410,1396],{"class":939},[58,57412,1082],{"class":68},[58,57414,1391],{"class":939},[58,57416,2882],{"class":943},[58,57418,1396],{"class":939},[58,57420,1082],{"class":68},[58,57422,1391],{"class":939},[58,57424,7878],{"class":943},[58,57426,1396],{"class":939},[58,57428,1743],{"class":68},[16,57430,57431,57432,57434,57435,57437,57438,499],{},"Use square brackets ",[20,57433,1900],{}," for most lists. Use ",[20,57436,22935],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[20,57439,34360],{},[44,57441,13311],{"id":13310},[28,57443,57444,57447,57450,57453,57458],{},[31,57445,57446],{},"What a list is in Python",[31,57448,57449],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[31,57451,57452],{},"How to create an empty list",[31,57454,57455,57456,380],{},"How to create a list with the ",[20,57457,22935],{},[31,57459,57460],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[44,57462,57464],{"id":57463},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[16,57466,57467],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[16,57469,57470],{},"This means:",[28,57472,57473,57476,57479,57482],{},[31,57474,57475],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[31,57477,57478],{},"The order of items is kept",[31,57480,57481],{},"A list can hold different data types",[31,57483,57484,57485,57488],{},"A list is ",[1855,57486,57487],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[16,57490,276],{},[49,57492,57494],{"className":51,"code":57493,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,57495,57496,57520,57524],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57497,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57499,5911],{"class":286},[58,57501,290],{"class":77},[58,57503,1730],{"class":68},[58,57505,940],{"class":939},[58,57507,2196],{"class":943},[58,57509,940],{"class":939},[58,57511,1082],{"class":68},[58,57513,4131],{"class":81},[58,57515,1082],{"class":68},[58,57517,2032],{"class":1966},[58,57519,1743],{"class":68},[58,57521,57522],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57523,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,57525,57526,57528,57530,57532],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,57527,65],{"class":64},[58,57529,69],{"class":68},[58,57531,5942],{"class":239},[58,57533,243],{"class":68},[16,57535,57536],{},[1855,57537,132],{},[49,57539,57541],{"className":51,"code":57540,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[20,57542,57543],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57544,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57546,2016],{"class":68},[58,57548,1396],{"class":939},[58,57550,2196],{"class":943},[58,57552,1396],{"class":939},[58,57554,1082],{"class":68},[58,57556,4131],{"class":81},[58,57558,1082],{"class":68},[58,57560,2032],{"class":1966},[58,57562,1743],{"class":68},[16,57564,57565,57566,966,57569,499],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[374,57567,57568],{"href":49149},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[374,57570,57571],{"href":56666},"What is a List in Python?",[44,57573,57575],{"id":57574},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[16,57577,57431,57578,57580],{},[20,57579,1900],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[16,57582,57583],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[49,57585,57587],{"className":51,"code":57586,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[20,57588,57589,57609,57641,57666,57670,57680,57690],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57590,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57592,1725],{"class":286},[58,57594,290],{"class":77},[58,57596,1730],{"class":68},[58,57598,1079],{"class":81},[58,57600,1082],{"class":68},[58,57602,1085],{"class":81},[58,57604,1082],{"class":68},[58,57606,531],{"class":81},[58,57608,1743],{"class":68},[58,57610,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57612,3117],{"class":286},[58,57614,290],{"class":77},[58,57616,1730],{"class":68},[58,57618,940],{"class":939},[58,57620,11026],{"class":943},[58,57622,940],{"class":939},[58,57624,1082],{"class":68},[58,57626,1450],{"class":939},[58,57628,34102],{"class":943},[58,57630,940],{"class":939},[58,57632,1082],{"class":68},[58,57634,1450],{"class":939},[58,57636,34111],{"class":943},[58,57638,940],{"class":939},[58,57640,1743],{"class":68},[58,57642,57643,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,57644,57645],{"class":286},"mixed ",[58,57647,290],{"class":77},[58,57649,1730],{"class":68},[58,57651,408],{"class":81},[58,57653,1082],{"class":68},[58,57655,1450],{"class":939},[58,57657,1959],{"class":943},[58,57659,940],{"class":939},[58,57661,1082],{"class":68},[58,57663,2023],{"class":1966},[58,57665,1743],{"class":68},[58,57667,57668],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,57669,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,57671,57672,57674,57676,57678],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,57673,65],{"class":64},[58,57675,69],{"class":68},[58,57677,1757],{"class":239},[58,57679,243],{"class":68},[58,57681,57682,57684,57686,57688],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,57683,65],{"class":64},[58,57685,69],{"class":68},[58,57687,3161],{"class":239},[58,57689,243],{"class":68},[58,57691,57692,57694,57696,57699],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,57693,65],{"class":64},[58,57695,69],{"class":68},[58,57697,57698],{"class":239},"mixed",[58,57700,243],{"class":68},[16,57702,57703],{},[1855,57704,132],{},[49,57706,57708],{"className":51,"code":57707,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[20,57709,57710,57726,57754],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57711,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57713,2016],{"class":68},[58,57715,1079],{"class":81},[58,57717,1082],{"class":68},[58,57719,1085],{"class":81},[58,57721,1082],{"class":68},[58,57723,531],{"class":81},[58,57725,1743],{"class":68},[58,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57729,2016],{"class":68},[58,57731,1396],{"class":939},[58,57733,11026],{"class":943},[58,57735,1396],{"class":939},[58,57737,1082],{"class":68},[58,57739,1391],{"class":939},[58,57741,34102],{"class":943},[58,57743,1396],{"class":939},[58,57745,1082],{"class":68},[58,57747,1391],{"class":939},[58,57749,34111],{"class":943},[58,57751,1396],{"class":939},[58,57753,1743],{"class":68},[58,57755,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,57757,2016],{"class":68},[58,57759,408],{"class":81},[58,57761,1082],{"class":68},[58,57763,1391],{"class":939},[58,57765,1959],{"class":943},[58,57767,1396],{"class":939},[58,57769,1082],{"class":68},[58,57771,2023],{"class":1966},[58,57773,1743],{"class":68},[617,57775,57777],{"id":57776},"key-points","Key points",[28,57779,57780,57785,57787],{},[31,57781,155,57782,57784],{},[20,57783,1900],{}," to make a new list",[31,57786,13581],{},[31,57788,57789],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[44,57791,57793],{"id":57792},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[16,57795,57796],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[49,57798,57800],{"className":51,"code":57799,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[20,57801,57802,57810,57814,57824],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57803,57804,57806,57808],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57805,6442],{"class":286},[58,57807,290],{"class":77},[58,57809,5971],{"class":68},[58,57811,57812],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57813,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,57815,57816,57818,57820,57822],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,57817,65],{"class":64},[58,57819,69],{"class":68},[58,57821,6473],{"class":239},[58,57823,243],{"class":68},[58,57825,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,57827,65],{"class":64},[58,57829,69],{"class":68},[58,57831,9303],{"class":64},[58,57833,69],{"class":68},[58,57835,6473],{"class":239},[58,57837,85],{"class":68},[16,57839,57840],{},[1855,57841,132],{},[49,57843,57845],{"className":51,"code":57844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[]\n0\n",[20,57846,57847,57851],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57848,57849],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57850,36461],{"class":68},[58,57852,57853],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57854,45420],{"class":81},[16,57856,57857],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[49,57859,57861],{"className":51,"code":57860,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[20,57862,57863,57871,57875,57893,57911,57929,57933],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57864,57865,57867,57869],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57866,3117],{"class":286},[58,57868,290],{"class":77},[58,57870,5971],{"class":68},[58,57872,57873],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,57874,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,57876,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,57878,3161],{"class":286},[58,57880,499],{"class":68},[58,57882,11700],{"class":239},[58,57884,69],{"class":68},[58,57886,940],{"class":939},[58,57888,11026],{"class":943},[58,57890,940],{"class":939},[58,57892,243],{"class":68},[58,57894,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,57896,3161],{"class":286},[58,57898,499],{"class":68},[58,57900,11700],{"class":239},[58,57902,69],{"class":68},[58,57904,940],{"class":939},[58,57906,34102],{"class":943},[58,57908,940],{"class":939},[58,57910,243],{"class":68},[58,57912,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,57914,3161],{"class":286},[58,57916,499],{"class":68},[58,57918,11700],{"class":239},[58,57920,69],{"class":68},[58,57922,940],{"class":939},[58,57924,34111],{"class":943},[58,57926,940],{"class":939},[58,57928,243],{"class":68},[58,57930,57931],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,57932,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,57934,57935,57937,57939,57941],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,57936,65],{"class":64},[58,57938,69],{"class":68},[58,57940,3161],{"class":239},[58,57942,243],{"class":68},[16,57944,57945],{},[1855,57946,132],{},[49,57948,57950],{"className":51,"code":57949,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[20,57951,57952],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,57953,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,57955,2016],{"class":68},[58,57957,1396],{"class":939},[58,57959,11026],{"class":943},[58,57961,1396],{"class":939},[58,57963,1082],{"class":68},[58,57965,1391],{"class":939},[58,57967,34102],{"class":943},[58,57969,1396],{"class":939},[58,57971,1082],{"class":68},[58,57973,1391],{"class":939},[58,57975,34111],{"class":943},[58,57977,1396],{"class":939},[58,57979,1743],{"class":68},[16,57981,57982,57983,499],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[374,57984,57985,8881],{"href":54940},[20,57986,50823],{},[44,57988,57990,57991],{"id":57989},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[20,57992,22935],{},[16,57994,155,57995,57997],{},[20,57996,22935],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[16,57999,3582],{},[28,58001,58002,58004,58006,58008],{},[31,58003,3433],{},[31,58005,3427],{},[31,58007,3430],{},[31,58009,58010],{},[20,58011,34360],{},[617,58013,58015],{"id":58014},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[49,58017,58019],{"className":51,"code":58018,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,58020,58021,58039],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58024,34252],{"class":286},[58,58026,290],{"class":77},[58,58028,20713],{"class":991},[58,58030,69],{"class":68},[58,58032,940],{"class":939},[58,58034,39726],{"class":943},[58,58036,940],{"class":939},[58,58038,243],{"class":68},[58,58040,58041,58043,58045,58047],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58042,65],{"class":64},[58,58044,69],{"class":68},[58,58046,34305],{"class":239},[58,58048,243],{"class":68},[16,58050,58051],{},[1855,58052,132],{},[49,58054,58055],{"className":51,"code":41042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,58056,58057],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58058,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58060,2016],{"class":68},[58,58062,1396],{"class":939},[58,58064,374],{"class":943},[58,58066,1396],{"class":939},[58,58068,1082],{"class":68},[58,58070,1391],{"class":939},[58,58072,2882],{"class":943},[58,58074,1396],{"class":939},[58,58076,1082],{"class":68},[58,58078,1391],{"class":939},[58,58080,7878],{"class":943},[58,58082,1396],{"class":939},[58,58084,1743],{"class":68},[617,58086,58088],{"id":58087},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[49,58090,58092],{"className":51,"code":58091,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,58093,58094,58116],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58095,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58097,1725],{"class":286},[58,58099,290],{"class":77},[58,58101,20713],{"class":991},[58,58103,3636],{"class":68},[58,58105,1079],{"class":81},[58,58107,1082],{"class":68},[58,58109,1085],{"class":81},[58,58111,1082],{"class":68},[58,58113,531],{"class":81},[58,58115,85],{"class":68},[58,58117,58118,58120,58122,58124],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58119,65],{"class":64},[58,58121,69],{"class":68},[58,58123,1757],{"class":239},[58,58125,243],{"class":68},[16,58127,58128],{},[1855,58129,132],{},[49,58131,58132],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,58133,58134],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58135,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58137,2016],{"class":68},[58,58139,1079],{"class":81},[58,58141,1082],{"class":68},[58,58143,1085],{"class":81},[58,58145,1082],{"class":68},[58,58147,531],{"class":81},[58,58149,1743],{"class":68},[617,58151,58153],{"id":58152},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[49,58155,58157],{"className":51,"code":58156,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[20,58158,58159,58178],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58160,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58172,58174,58176],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58162,1936],{"class":286},[58,58164,290],{"class":77},[58,58166,20713],{"class":991},[58,58168,69],{"class":68},[58,58170,58171],{"class":64},"range",[58,58173,69],{"class":68},[58,58175,200],{"class":81},[58,58177,85],{"class":68},[58,58179,58180,58182,58184,58186],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58181,65],{"class":64},[58,58183,69],{"class":68},[58,58185,3483],{"class":239},[58,58187,243],{"class":68},[16,58189,58190],{},[1855,58191,132],{},[49,58193,58195],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,58196,58197],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58198,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58200,2016],{"class":68},[58,58202,183],{"class":81},[58,58204,1082],{"class":68},[58,58206,3623],{"class":81},[58,58208,1082],{"class":68},[58,58210,1085],{"class":81},[58,58212,1082],{"class":68},[58,58214,531],{"class":81},[58,58216,1082],{"class":68},[58,58218,537],{"class":81},[58,58220,1743],{"class":68},[16,58222,58223,58225,58226,499],{},[20,58224,22935],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[374,58227,58229,58231],{"href":58228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[20,58230,22935],{},": Function Explained",[44,58233,58235],{"id":58234},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[16,58237,58238],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[16,58240,58241],{},"Examples include:",[28,58243,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252],{},[31,58245,3433],{},[31,58247,38589],{},[31,58249,50216],{},[31,58251,38759],{},[31,58253,58254],{},"other lists",[49,58256,58258],{"className":51,"code":58257,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[20,58259,58260,58298,58302],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58261,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58263,7303],{"class":286},[58,58265,290],{"class":77},[58,58267,1730],{"class":68},[58,58269,940],{"class":939},[58,58271,11026],{"class":943},[58,58273,940],{"class":939},[58,58275,1082],{"class":68},[58,58277,7444],{"class":81},[58,58279,1082],{"class":68},[58,58281,2032],{"class":1966},[58,58283,1082],{"class":68},[58,58285,1730],{"class":68},[58,58287,1079],{"class":81},[58,58289,1082],{"class":68},[58,58291,1085],{"class":81},[58,58293,1082],{"class":68},[58,58295,531],{"class":81},[58,58297,51413],{"class":68},[58,58299,58300],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58301,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,58303,58304,58306,58308,58310],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,58305,65],{"class":64},[58,58307,69],{"class":68},[58,58309,7342],{"class":239},[58,58311,243],{"class":68},[16,58313,58314],{},[1855,58315,132],{},[49,58317,58319],{"className":51,"code":58318,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[20,58320,58321],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58322,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58324,2016],{"class":68},[58,58326,1396],{"class":939},[58,58328,11026],{"class":943},[58,58330,1396],{"class":939},[58,58332,1082],{"class":68},[58,58334,7444],{"class":81},[58,58336,1082],{"class":68},[58,58338,2032],{"class":1966},[58,58340,1082],{"class":68},[58,58342,1730],{"class":68},[58,58344,1079],{"class":81},[58,58346,1082],{"class":68},[58,58348,1085],{"class":81},[58,58350,1082],{"class":68},[58,58352,531],{"class":81},[58,58354,51413],{"class":68},[16,58356,58357,58358,499],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[1855,58359,58360],{},"nested list",[16,58362,58363],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[44,58365,2638],{"id":2637},[16,58367,58368],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[617,58370,58372],{"id":58371},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[16,58374,58375],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[49,58377,58379],{"className":51,"code":58378,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[20,58380,58381,58385],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58382,58383],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58384,2655],{"class":1773},[58,58386,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58388,1725],{"class":286},[58,58390,290],{"class":77},[58,58392,1730],{"class":68},[58,58394,1079],{"class":81},[58,58396,1085],{"class":81},[58,58398,531],{"class":81},[58,58400,1743],{"class":68},[16,58402,8948],{},[49,58404,58406],{"className":51,"code":58405,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,58407,58408],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58409,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58411,1725],{"class":286},[58,58413,290],{"class":77},[58,58415,1730],{"class":68},[58,58417,1079],{"class":81},[58,58419,1082],{"class":68},[58,58421,1085],{"class":81},[58,58423,1082],{"class":68},[58,58425,531],{"class":81},[58,58427,1743],{"class":68},[617,58429,6552,58431,9233,58433],{"id":58430},"using-instead-of",[20,58432,5496],{},[20,58434,1900],{},[16,58436,58437],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[49,58439,58441],{"className":51,"code":58440,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[20,58442,58443,58464,58468],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58444,58445,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58446,58447],{"class":286},"my_values ",[58,58449,290],{"class":77},[58,58451,7374],{"class":68},[58,58453,1079],{"class":81},[58,58455,1082],{"class":68},[58,58457,1085],{"class":81},[58,58459,1082],{"class":68},[58,58461,531],{"class":81},[58,58463,243],{"class":68},[58,58465,58466],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58467,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,58469,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58481],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,58471,65],{"class":64},[58,58473,69],{"class":68},[58,58475,1316],{"class":991},[58,58477,69],{"class":68},[58,58479,58480],{"class":239},"my_values",[58,58482,85],{"class":68},[16,58484,58485],{},[1855,58486,132],{},[49,58488,58490],{"className":51,"code":58489,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[20,58491,58492],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58493,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58495,1385],{"class":77},[58,58497,1388],{"class":126},[58,58499,1391],{"class":939},[58,58501,47122],{"class":943},[58,58503,1396],{"class":939},[58,58505,1399],{"class":77},[16,58507,58508],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[49,58510,58512],{"className":51,"code":58511,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[20,58513,58514,58534],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58515,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58517,58447],{"class":286},[58,58519,290],{"class":77},[58,58521,1730],{"class":68},[58,58523,1079],{"class":81},[58,58525,1082],{"class":68},[58,58527,1085],{"class":81},[58,58529,1082],{"class":68},[58,58531,531],{"class":81},[58,58533,1743],{"class":68},[58,58535,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58537,65],{"class":64},[58,58539,69],{"class":68},[58,58541,1316],{"class":991},[58,58543,69],{"class":68},[58,58545,58480],{"class":239},[58,58547,85],{"class":68},[617,58549,6588,58551,58554],{"id":58550},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[20,58552,58553],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[16,58556,58557,58559],{},[20,58558,22935],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[49,58561,58563],{"className":51,"code":58562,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[20,58564,58565,58584],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58566,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58580,58582],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58568,301],{"class":286},[58,58570,290],{"class":77},[58,58572,20713],{"class":991},[58,58574,69],{"class":68},[58,58576,940],{"class":939},[58,58578,58579],{"class":943},"hello world",[58,58581,940],{"class":939},[58,58583,243],{"class":68},[58,58585,58586,58588,58590,58592],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58587,65],{"class":64},[58,58589,69],{"class":68},[58,58591,340],{"class":239},[58,58593,243],{"class":68},[16,58595,58596],{},[1855,58597,132],{},[49,58599,58601],{"className":51,"code":58600,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,58602,58603],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58604,58605,58607,58609,58612,58614,58616,58618,58621,58623,58625,58627,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58606,2016],{"class":68},[58,58608,1396],{"class":939},[58,58610,58611],{"class":943},"h",[58,58613,1396],{"class":939},[58,58615,1082],{"class":68},[58,58617,1391],{"class":939},[58,58619,58620],{"class":943},"e",[58,58622,1396],{"class":939},[58,58624,1082],{"class":68},[58,58626,1391],{"class":939},[58,58628,58629],{"class":943},"l",[58,58631,1396],{"class":939},[58,58633,1082],{"class":68},[58,58635,1391],{"class":939},[58,58637,58629],{"class":943},[58,58639,1396],{"class":939},[58,58641,1082],{"class":68},[58,58643,1391],{"class":939},[58,58645,58646],{"class":943},"o",[58,58648,1396],{"class":939},[58,58650,1082],{"class":68},[58,58652,1391],{"class":939},[58,58654,1391],{"class":939},[58,58656,1082],{"class":68},[58,58658,1391],{"class":939},[58,58660,58661],{"class":943},"w",[58,58663,1396],{"class":939},[58,58665,1082],{"class":68},[58,58667,1391],{"class":939},[58,58669,58646],{"class":943},[58,58671,1396],{"class":939},[58,58673,1082],{"class":68},[58,58675,1391],{"class":939},[58,58677,58678],{"class":943},"r",[58,58680,1396],{"class":939},[58,58682,1082],{"class":68},[58,58684,1391],{"class":939},[58,58686,58629],{"class":943},[58,58688,1396],{"class":939},[58,58690,1082],{"class":68},[58,58692,1391],{"class":939},[58,58694,16919],{"class":943},[58,58696,1396],{"class":939},[58,58698,1743],{"class":68},[16,58700,58701,58702,58705],{},"If you want words, use ",[20,58703,58704],{},"split()"," instead:",[49,58707,58709],{"className":51,"code":58708,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[20,58710,58711,58729],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58712,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58714,2187],{"class":286},[58,58716,290],{"class":77},[58,58718,1450],{"class":939},[58,58720,58579],{"class":943},[58,58722,940],{"class":939},[58,58724,499],{"class":68},[58,58726,32628],{"class":239},[58,58728,6779],{"class":68},[58,58730,58731,58733,58735,58737],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58732,65],{"class":64},[58,58734,69],{"class":68},[58,58736,2231],{"class":239},[58,58738,243],{"class":68},[16,58740,58741],{},[1855,58742,132],{},[49,58744,58746],{"className":51,"code":58745,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['hello', 'world']\n",[20,58747,58748],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58749,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758,58760,58762,58765,58767],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58751,2016],{"class":68},[58,58753,1396],{"class":939},[58,58755,1959],{"class":943},[58,58757,1396],{"class":939},[58,58759,1082],{"class":68},[58,58761,1391],{"class":939},[58,58763,58764],{"class":943},"world",[58,58766,1396],{"class":939},[58,58768,1743],{"class":68},[617,58770,58772],{"id":58771},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[16,58774,58775],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[49,58777,58779],{"className":51,"code":58778,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[20,58780,58781,58785],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58782,58783],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58784,2655],{"class":1773},[58,58786,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58806,58808,58810,58812],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58788,3117],{"class":286},[58,58790,290],{"class":77},[58,58792,1730],{"class":68},[58,58794,940],{"class":939},[58,58796,11026],{"class":943},[58,58798,940],{"class":939},[58,58800,1082],{"class":68},[58,58802,1450],{"class":939},[58,58804,58805],{"class":943},"Ben', ",[58,58807,940],{"class":939},[58,58809,34111],{"class":286},[58,58811,940],{"class":939},[58,58813,1743],{"class":943},[16,58815,58816],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[49,58818,58820],{"className":51,"code":58819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[20,58821,58822],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58823,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58825,3117],{"class":286},[58,58827,290],{"class":77},[58,58829,1730],{"class":68},[58,58831,940],{"class":939},[58,58833,11026],{"class":943},[58,58835,940],{"class":939},[58,58837,1082],{"class":68},[58,58839,1450],{"class":939},[58,58841,34102],{"class":943},[58,58843,940],{"class":939},[58,58845,1082],{"class":68},[58,58847,1450],{"class":939},[58,58849,34111],{"class":943},[58,58851,940],{"class":939},[58,58853,1743],{"class":68},[617,58855,58857],{"id":58856},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[16,58859,58860],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[28,58862,58863,58866,58869,58874],{},[31,58864,58865],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[31,58867,58868],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[31,58870,58871,58872],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[20,58873,22935],{},[31,58875,6588,58876,58879],{},[20,58877,58878],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[617,58881,58883],{"id":58882},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[49,58885,58887],{"className":51,"code":58886,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[20,58888,58889,58899,58913,58927],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,58890,58891,58893,58895,58897],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,58892,65],{"class":64},[58,58894,69],{"class":68},[58,58896,6473],{"class":239},[58,58898,243],{"class":68},[58,58900,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,58902,65],{"class":64},[58,58904,69],{"class":68},[58,58906,1316],{"class":991},[58,58908,69],{"class":68},[58,58910,6473],{"class":239},[58,58912,85],{"class":68},[58,58914,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,58916,65],{"class":64},[58,58918,69],{"class":68},[58,58920,9303],{"class":64},[58,58922,69],{"class":68},[58,58924,6473],{"class":239},[58,58926,85],{"class":68},[58,58928,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,58930,65],{"class":64},[58,58932,69],{"class":68},[58,58934,6227],{"class":991},[58,58936,69],{"class":68},[58,58938,58171],{"class":64},[58,58940,69],{"class":68},[58,58942,200],{"class":81},[58,58944,1002],{"class":68},[16,58946,24163],{},[28,58948,58949,58952,58955,58958],{},[31,58950,58951],{},"what the list contains",[31,58953,58954],{},"whether the value is really a list",[31,58956,58957],{},"how many items it has",[31,58959,24174,58960,58962,58963],{},[20,58961,22935],{}," does with ",[20,58964,34360],{},[44,58966,58968],{"id":58967},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[16,58970,58971],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[16,58973,58974],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[28,58976,58977,58992,58997],{},[31,58978,155,58979,257,58983,15222,58987,58991],{},[374,58980,58981],{"href":54940},[20,58982,50823],{},[374,58984,58985],{"href":51515},[20,58986,51617],{},[374,58988,58989],{"href":52079},[20,58990,52439],{}," to add items later",[31,58993,155,58994,58996],{},[374,58995,57568],{"href":49149}," for a broader introduction",[31,58998,155,58999,59003],{},[374,59000,59001,58231],{"href":58228},[20,59002,22935],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[44,59005,1555],{"id":1554},[617,59007,59009],{"id":59008},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[16,59011,59012],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[49,59014,59015],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,59016,59017],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59018,59019],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59020,36461],{"class":68},[617,59022,59024],{"id":59023},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[16,59026,59027],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[49,59029,59030],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,59031,59032],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59033,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044,59046],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59035,2016],{"class":68},[58,59037,1079],{"class":81},[58,59039,1082],{"class":68},[58,59041,1085],{"class":81},[58,59043,1082],{"class":68},[58,59045,531],{"class":81},[58,59047,1743],{"class":68},[617,59049,3265,59051,59053],{"id":59050},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[20,59052,22935],{}," do in Python?",[16,59055,59056,59057,59059],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[20,59058,34360],{},", into a list.",[617,59061,59063],{"id":59062},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[16,59065,59066],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[617,59068,3303,59070,2512,59072,573],{"id":59069},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[20,59071,1900],{},[20,59073,5496],{},[16,59075,59076,59078,59079,59081],{},[20,59077,1900],{}," creates a list. ",[20,59080,5496],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[44,59083,1603],{"id":1602},[28,59085,59086,59090,59096,59102,59108,59114,59118],{},[31,59087,59088],{},[374,59089,57568],{"href":49149},[31,59091,59092],{},[374,59093,53691,59094,9464],{"href":54940},[20,59095,50823],{},[31,59097,59098],{},[374,59099,53691,59100,9464],{"href":51515},[20,59101,51617],{},[31,59103,59104],{},[374,59105,53691,59106,9464],{"href":52079},[20,59107,52439],{},[31,59109,59110],{},[374,59111,1681,59112,1685],{"href":58228},[20,59113,22935],{},[31,59115,59116],{},[374,59117,57571],{"href":56666},[31,59119,59120],{},[374,59121,59122],{"href":10209},"Mutability in Python Explained",[16,59124,59125,59126,59128],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[20,59127,50823],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1635,59130,59131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":59133},[59134,59135,59136,59137,59140,59141,59147,59148,59158,59159,59168],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":13310,"depth":88,"text":13311},{"id":57463,"depth":88,"text":57464},{"id":57574,"depth":88,"text":57575,"children":59138},[59139],{"id":57776,"depth":104,"text":57777},{"id":57792,"depth":88,"text":57793},{"id":57989,"depth":88,"text":59142,"children":59143},"Create a list with list()",[59144,59145,59146],{"id":58014,"depth":104,"text":58015},{"id":58087,"depth":104,"text":58088},{"id":58152,"depth":104,"text":58153},{"id":58234,"depth":88,"text":58235},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":59149},[59150,59151,59153,59155,59156,59157],{"id":58371,"depth":104,"text":58372},{"id":58430,"depth":104,"text":59152},"Using () instead of []",{"id":58550,"depth":104,"text":59154},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":58771,"depth":104,"text":58772},{"id":58856,"depth":104,"text":58857},{"id":58882,"depth":104,"text":58883},{"id":58967,"depth":88,"text":58968},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":59160},[59161,59162,59163,59165,59166],{"id":59008,"depth":104,"text":59009},{"id":59023,"depth":104,"text":59024},{"id":59050,"depth":104,"text":59164},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":59062,"depth":104,"text":59063},{"id":59069,"depth":104,"text":59167},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":57205,"description":59169},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":59176,"title":59177,"body":59178,"description":60919,"extension":1667,"meta":60920,"navigation":318,"path":60921,"seo":60922,"stem":60923,"__hash__":60924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":9,"value":59179,"toc":60874},[59180,59185,59190,59193,59195,59266,59271,59276,59280,59294,59299,59301,59321,59326,59329,59352,59356,59361,59453,59455,59477,59483,59489,59496,59503,59509,59566,59572,59630,59632,59644,59652,59658,59663,59667,59724,59727,59731,59790,59793,59797,59855,59867,59871,59924,59927,59931,59937,59943,60005,60008,60069,60072,60128,60133,60135,60139,60146,60207,60212,60221,60277,60284,60288,60346,60355,60413,60417,60452,60456,60466,60469,60524,60538,60541,60656,60661,60665,60676,60678,60757,60767,60769,60774,60779,60786,60794,60800,60803,60809,60812,60818,60824,60826,60862,60871],[12,59181,52513,59183,9464],{"id":59182},"python-list-extend-method",[20,59184,51617],{},[16,59186,59187,59189],{},[20,59188,51518],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[16,59191,59192],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[44,59194,47],{"id":46},[49,59196,59198],{"className":51,"code":59197,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,59199,59200,59216,59233,59237,59252,59262],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59201,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59203,1725],{"class":286},[58,59205,290],{"class":77},[58,59207,1730],{"class":68},[58,59209,1079],{"class":81},[58,59211,1082],{"class":68},[58,59213,1085],{"class":81},[58,59215,1743],{"class":68},[58,59217,59218,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59219,59220],{"class":286},"more_numbers ",[58,59222,290],{"class":77},[58,59224,1730],{"class":68},[58,59226,123],{"class":81},[58,59228,1082],{"class":68},[58,59230,537],{"class":81},[58,59232,1743],{"class":68},[58,59234,59235],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59236,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59238,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59250],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59240,1757],{"class":286},[58,59242,499],{"class":68},[58,59244,51647],{"class":239},[58,59246,69],{"class":68},[58,59248,59249],{"class":239},"more_numbers",[58,59251,243],{"class":68},[58,59253,59254,59256,59258,59260],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,59255,65],{"class":64},[58,59257,69],{"class":68},[58,59259,1757],{"class":239},[58,59261,243],{"class":68},[58,59263,59264],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,59265,50894],{"class":1773},[16,59267,155,59268,59270],{},[20,59269,51617],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[44,59272,1788,59274,1791],{"id":59273},"what-listextend-does",[20,59275,51518],{},[16,59277,59278,973],{},[20,59279,51617],{},[28,59281,59282,59285,59287,59290],{},[31,59283,59284],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[31,59286,52599],{},[31,59288,59289],{},"Does not create a new list",[31,59291,9566,59292],{},[20,59293,1891],{},[16,59295,59296,59297,51972],{},"This is an important point: ",[20,59298,51617],{},[44,59300,222],{"id":221},[49,59302,59304],{"className":51,"code":59303,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[20,59305,59306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59307,59308,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59309,59310],{"class":286},"list_name",[58,59312,499],{"class":68},[58,59314,51647],{"class":239},[58,59316,69],{"class":68},[58,59318,1832],{"class":239},[58,59320,243],{"class":68},[16,59322,3577,59323,59325],{},[1855,59324,1832],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[16,59327,59328],{},"Common iterables include:",[28,59330,59331,59335,59339,59343,59348],{},[31,59332,59333],{},[20,59334,6227],{},[31,59336,59337],{},[20,59338,47122],{},[31,59340,59341],{},[20,59342,4414],{},[31,59344,59345],{},[20,59346,59347],{},"string",[31,59349,59350],{},[20,59351,58171],{},[44,59353,59355],{"id":59354},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[16,59357,59358,59359,973],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[20,59360,51617],{},[49,59362,59364],{"className":51,"code":59363,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,59365,59366,59390,59415,59419,59434,59438,59448],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59367,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59369,34401],{"class":286},[58,59371,290],{"class":77},[58,59373,1730],{"class":68},[58,59375,940],{"class":939},[58,59377,2196],{"class":943},[58,59379,940],{"class":939},[58,59381,1082],{"class":68},[58,59383,1450],{"class":939},[58,59385,2205],{"class":943},[58,59387,940],{"class":939},[58,59389,1743],{"class":68},[58,59391,59392,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59393,59394],{"class":286},"more_fruits ",[58,59396,290],{"class":77},[58,59398,1730],{"class":68},[58,59400,940],{"class":939},[58,59402,31379],{"class":943},[58,59404,940],{"class":939},[58,59406,1082],{"class":68},[58,59408,1450],{"class":939},[58,59410,20686],{"class":943},[58,59412,940],{"class":939},[58,59414,1743],{"class":68},[58,59416,59417],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59418,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59420,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59432],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59422,34453],{"class":286},[58,59424,499],{"class":68},[58,59426,51647],{"class":239},[58,59428,69],{"class":68},[58,59430,59431],{"class":239},"more_fruits",[58,59433,243],{"class":68},[58,59435,59436],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,59437,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59439,59440,59442,59444,59446],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,59441,65],{"class":64},[58,59443,69],{"class":68},[58,59445,34453],{"class":239},[58,59447,243],{"class":68},[58,59449,59450],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,59451,59452],{"class":1773},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[16,59454,9827],{},[28,59456,59457,59462,59467],{},[31,59458,59459,59461],{},[20,59460,34453],{}," starts with two items",[31,59463,59464,59466],{},[20,59465,59431],{}," has two more items",[31,59468,59469,59471,59472,59474,59475],{},[20,59470,51617],{}," adds each item from ",[20,59473,59431],{}," to ",[20,59476,34453],{},[16,59478,59479,59480,59482],{},"After the method runs, ",[20,59481,34453],{}," contains all four items.",[16,59484,52738,59485,2512,59487,499],{},[374,59486,50942],{"href":49149},[374,59488,55326],{"href":55325},[44,59490,59492,8725,59494],{"id":59491},"extend-vs-append",[20,59493,51617],{},[20,59495,50823],{},[16,59497,59498,2512,59500,59502],{},[20,59499,51617],{},[20,59501,50823],{}," are often confused.",[617,59504,59506,59508],{"id":59505},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[20,59507,51617],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[49,59510,59512],{"className":51,"code":59511,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,59513,59514,59530,59548,59552,59562],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59515,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59517,1725],{"class":286},[58,59519,290],{"class":77},[58,59521,1730],{"class":68},[58,59523,1079],{"class":81},[58,59525,1082],{"class":68},[58,59527,1085],{"class":81},[58,59529,1743],{"class":68},[58,59531,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59533,1757],{"class":286},[58,59535,499],{"class":68},[58,59537,51647],{"class":239},[58,59539,1076],{"class":68},[58,59541,123],{"class":81},[58,59543,1082],{"class":68},[58,59545,537],{"class":81},[58,59547,2004],{"class":68},[58,59549,59550],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59551,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59553,59554,59556,59558,59560],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59555,65],{"class":64},[58,59557,69],{"class":68},[58,59559,1757],{"class":239},[58,59561,243],{"class":68},[58,59563,59564],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,59565,50894],{"class":1773},[617,59567,59569,59571],{"id":59568},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[20,59570,50823],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[49,59573,59575],{"className":51,"code":59574,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,59576,59577,59593,59611,59615,59625],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59578,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587,59589,59591],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59580,1725],{"class":286},[58,59582,290],{"class":77},[58,59584,1730],{"class":68},[58,59586,1079],{"class":81},[58,59588,1082],{"class":68},[58,59590,1085],{"class":81},[58,59592,1743],{"class":68},[58,59594,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59596,1757],{"class":286},[58,59598,499],{"class":68},[58,59600,11700],{"class":239},[58,59602,1076],{"class":68},[58,59604,123],{"class":81},[58,59606,1082],{"class":68},[58,59608,537],{"class":81},[58,59610,2004],{"class":68},[58,59612,59613],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59614,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59616,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59618,65],{"class":64},[58,59620,69],{"class":68},[58,59622,1757],{"class":239},[58,59624,243],{"class":68},[58,59626,59627],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,59628,59629],{"class":1773},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[16,59631,16846],{},[28,59633,59634,59639],{},[31,59635,59636,59638],{},[20,59637,51617],{}," to combine values",[31,59640,59641,59643],{},[20,59642,50823],{}," to add one item",[16,59645,40259,59646,2512,59650,499],{},[374,59647,53691,59648,8881],{"href":54940},[20,59649,50823],{},[374,59651,51220],{"href":51219},[44,59653,6552,59655,59657],{"id":59654},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[20,59656,51617],{}," with different iterables",[16,59659,59660,59662],{},[20,59661,51617],{}," works with more than just lists.",[617,59664,59666],{"id":59665},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[49,59668,59670],{"className":51,"code":59669,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,59671,59672,59688,59706,59710,59720],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59673,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59675,1936],{"class":286},[58,59677,290],{"class":77},[58,59679,1730],{"class":68},[58,59681,1079],{"class":81},[58,59683,1082],{"class":68},[58,59685,1085],{"class":81},[58,59687,1743],{"class":68},[58,59689,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59691,3483],{"class":286},[58,59693,499],{"class":68},[58,59695,51647],{"class":239},[58,59697,3636],{"class":68},[58,59699,123],{"class":81},[58,59701,1082],{"class":68},[58,59703,537],{"class":81},[58,59705,85],{"class":68},[58,59707,59708],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59709,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59711,59712,59714,59716,59718],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59713,65],{"class":64},[58,59715,69],{"class":68},[58,59717,3483],{"class":239},[58,59719,243],{"class":68},[58,59721,59722],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,59723,50894],{"class":1773},[16,59725,59726],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[617,59728,59730],{"id":59729},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[49,59732,59734],{"className":51,"code":59733,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,59735,59736,59752,59771,59775,59785],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59737,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59739,34252],{"class":286},[58,59741,290],{"class":77},[58,59743,1730],{"class":68},[58,59745,940],{"class":939},[58,59747,374],{"class":943},[58,59749,940],{"class":939},[58,59751,1743],{"class":68},[58,59753,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59767,59769],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59755,34305],{"class":286},[58,59757,499],{"class":68},[58,59759,51647],{"class":239},[58,59761,69],{"class":68},[58,59763,940],{"class":939},[58,59765,59766],{"class":943},"bc",[58,59768,940],{"class":939},[58,59770,243],{"class":68},[58,59772,59773],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59774,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59776,59777,59779,59781,59783],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59778,65],{"class":64},[58,59780,69],{"class":68},[58,59782,34305],{"class":239},[58,59784,243],{"class":68},[58,59786,59787],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,59788,59789],{"class":1773},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[16,59791,59792],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[617,59794,59796],{"id":59795},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[49,59798,59800],{"className":51,"code":59799,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,59801,59802,59814,59836,59840,59850],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59803,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59805,1725],{"class":286},[58,59807,290],{"class":77},[58,59809,1730],{"class":68},[58,59811,183],{"class":81},[58,59813,1743],{"class":68},[58,59815,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59817,1757],{"class":286},[58,59819,499],{"class":68},[58,59821,51647],{"class":239},[58,59823,69],{"class":68},[58,59825,58171],{"class":64},[58,59827,69],{"class":68},[58,59829,1079],{"class":81},[58,59831,1082],{"class":68},[58,59833,537],{"class":81},[58,59835,85],{"class":68},[58,59837,59838],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59839,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59841,59842,59844,59846,59848],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59843,65],{"class":64},[58,59845,69],{"class":68},[58,59847,1757],{"class":239},[58,59849,243],{"class":68},[58,59851,59852],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,59853,59854],{"class":1773},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[16,59856,59857,59860,59861,257,59863,15222,59865,499],{},[20,59858,59859],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[20,59862,1079],{},[20,59864,117],{},[20,59866,123],{},[617,59868,59870],{"id":59869},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[49,59872,59874],{"className":51,"code":59873,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,59875,59876,59892,59910,59914],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59877,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59879,5911],{"class":286},[58,59881,290],{"class":77},[58,59883,1730],{"class":68},[58,59885,1079],{"class":81},[58,59887,1082],{"class":68},[58,59889,1085],{"class":81},[58,59891,1743],{"class":68},[58,59893,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59895,5942],{"class":286},[58,59897,499],{"class":68},[58,59899,51647],{"class":239},[58,59901,3655],{"class":68},[58,59903,123],{"class":81},[58,59905,1082],{"class":68},[58,59907,537],{"class":81},[58,59909,28653],{"class":68},[58,59911,59912],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59913,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59915,59916,59918,59920,59922],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59917,65],{"class":64},[58,59919,69],{"class":68},[58,59921,5942],{"class":239},[58,59923,243],{"class":68},[16,59925,59926],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[44,59928,59930],{"id":59929},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[16,59932,59933,475,59935,499],{},[20,59934,51617],{},[20,59936,1891],{},[16,59938,59939,59940,973],{},"That means this is ",[1855,59941,59942],{},"wrong",[49,59944,59946],{"className":51,"code":59945,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[20,59947,59948,59964,59986,59990,60000],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,59949,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,59951,1725],{"class":286},[58,59953,290],{"class":77},[58,59955,1730],{"class":68},[58,59957,1079],{"class":81},[58,59959,1082],{"class":68},[58,59961,1085],{"class":81},[58,59963,1743],{"class":68},[58,59965,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,59967,301],{"class":286},[58,59969,290],{"class":77},[58,59971,2381],{"class":286},[58,59973,499],{"class":68},[58,59975,51647],{"class":239},[58,59977,1076],{"class":68},[58,59979,123],{"class":81},[58,59981,1082],{"class":68},[58,59983,537],{"class":81},[58,59985,2004],{"class":68},[58,59987,59988],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,59989,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,59991,59992,59994,59996,59998],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,59993,65],{"class":64},[58,59995,69],{"class":68},[58,59997,340],{"class":239},[58,59999,243],{"class":68},[58,60001,60002],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60003,60004],{"class":1773},"# None\n",[16,60006,60007],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[49,60009,60011],{"className":51,"code":60010,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[20,60012,60013,60029,60051,60055,60065],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60014,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60016,1725],{"class":286},[58,60018,290],{"class":77},[58,60020,1730],{"class":68},[58,60022,1079],{"class":81},[58,60024,1082],{"class":68},[58,60026,1085],{"class":81},[58,60028,1743],{"class":68},[58,60030,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60032,1725],{"class":286},[58,60034,290],{"class":77},[58,60036,2381],{"class":286},[58,60038,499],{"class":68},[58,60040,51647],{"class":239},[58,60042,1076],{"class":68},[58,60044,123],{"class":81},[58,60046,1082],{"class":68},[58,60048,537],{"class":81},[58,60050,2004],{"class":68},[58,60052,60053],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60054,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60056,60057,60059,60061,60063],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60058,65],{"class":64},[58,60060,69],{"class":68},[58,60062,1757],{"class":239},[58,60064,243],{"class":68},[58,60066,60067],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60068,60004],{"class":1773},[16,60070,60071],{},"The correct way is:",[49,60073,60074],{"className":51,"code":59511,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,60075,60076,60092,60110,60114,60124],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60077,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60079,1725],{"class":286},[58,60081,290],{"class":77},[58,60083,1730],{"class":68},[58,60085,1079],{"class":81},[58,60087,1082],{"class":68},[58,60089,1085],{"class":81},[58,60091,1743],{"class":68},[58,60093,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60095,1757],{"class":286},[58,60097,499],{"class":68},[58,60099,51647],{"class":239},[58,60101,1076],{"class":68},[58,60103,123],{"class":81},[58,60105,1082],{"class":68},[58,60107,537],{"class":81},[58,60109,2004],{"class":68},[58,60111,60112],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60113,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60115,60116,60118,60120,60122],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60117,65],{"class":64},[58,60119,69],{"class":68},[58,60121,1757],{"class":239},[58,60123,243],{"class":68},[58,60125,60126],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60127,50894],{"class":1773},[16,60129,54080,60130,60132],{},[20,60131,51617],{}," first, then use the original list.",[44,60134,2638],{"id":2637},[16,60136,12881,60137,499],{},[20,60138,51617],{},[617,60140,60142,60143,60145],{"id":60141},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[20,60144,51617],{}," to return a new list",[49,60147,60149],{"className":51,"code":60148,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[20,60150,60151,60167,60189,60193,60203],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60152,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60154,1725],{"class":286},[58,60156,290],{"class":77},[58,60158,1730],{"class":68},[58,60160,1079],{"class":81},[58,60162,1082],{"class":68},[58,60164,1085],{"class":81},[58,60166,1743],{"class":68},[58,60168,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60170,53813],{"class":286},[58,60172,290],{"class":77},[58,60174,2381],{"class":286},[58,60176,499],{"class":68},[58,60178,51647],{"class":239},[58,60180,1076],{"class":68},[58,60182,123],{"class":81},[58,60184,1082],{"class":68},[58,60186,537],{"class":81},[58,60188,2004],{"class":68},[58,60190,60191],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60192,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60194,60195,60197,60199,60201],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60196,65],{"class":64},[58,60198,69],{"class":68},[58,60200,53832],{"class":239},[58,60202,243],{"class":68},[58,60204,60205],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60206,60004],{"class":1773},[16,60208,60209,60210,499],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[20,60211,51617],{},[617,60213,60215,60216,42797,60218,60220],{"id":60214},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[20,60217,50823],{},[20,60219,51617],{}," is needed",[49,60222,60223],{"className":51,"code":59574,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,60224,60225,60241,60259,60263,60273],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60226,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60228,1725],{"class":286},[58,60230,290],{"class":77},[58,60232,1730],{"class":68},[58,60234,1079],{"class":81},[58,60236,1082],{"class":68},[58,60238,1085],{"class":81},[58,60240,1743],{"class":68},[58,60242,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60244,1757],{"class":286},[58,60246,499],{"class":68},[58,60248,11700],{"class":239},[58,60250,1076],{"class":68},[58,60252,123],{"class":81},[58,60254,1082],{"class":68},[58,60256,537],{"class":81},[58,60258,2004],{"class":68},[58,60260,60261],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60262,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60264,60265,60267,60269,60271],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60266,65],{"class":64},[58,60268,69],{"class":68},[58,60270,1757],{"class":239},[58,60272,243],{"class":68},[58,60274,60275],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60276,59629],{"class":1773},[16,60278,60279,60280,52062,60282,4760],{},"If you wanted ",[20,60281,52061],{},[20,60283,51617],{},[617,60285,60287],{"id":60286},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[49,60289,60291],{"className":51,"code":60290,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,60292,60293,60309,60327,60331,60341],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60294,60295,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60296,2187],{"class":286},[58,60298,290],{"class":77},[58,60300,1730],{"class":68},[58,60302,940],{"class":939},[58,60304,1959],{"class":943},[58,60306,940],{"class":939},[58,60308,1743],{"class":68},[58,60310,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60312,2231],{"class":286},[58,60314,499],{"class":68},[58,60316,51647],{"class":239},[58,60318,69],{"class":68},[58,60320,940],{"class":939},[58,60322,58764],{"class":943},[58,60324,940],{"class":939},[58,60326,243],{"class":68},[58,60328,60329],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60330,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60332,60333,60335,60337,60339],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60334,65],{"class":64},[58,60336,69],{"class":68},[58,60338,2231],{"class":239},[58,60340,243],{"class":68},[58,60342,60343],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60344,60345],{"class":1773},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[16,60347,60348,60349,60352,60353,973],{},"If you want ",[20,60350,60351],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[20,60354,50823],{},[49,60356,60358],{"className":51,"code":60357,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[20,60359,60360,60376,60394,60398,60408],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60361,60362,60364,60366,60368,60370,60372,60374],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60363,2187],{"class":286},[58,60365,290],{"class":77},[58,60367,1730],{"class":68},[58,60369,940],{"class":939},[58,60371,1959],{"class":943},[58,60373,940],{"class":939},[58,60375,1743],{"class":68},[58,60377,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60379,2231],{"class":286},[58,60381,499],{"class":68},[58,60383,11700],{"class":239},[58,60385,69],{"class":68},[58,60387,940],{"class":939},[58,60389,58764],{"class":943},[58,60391,940],{"class":939},[58,60393,243],{"class":68},[58,60395,60396],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60397,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60399,60400,60402,60404,60406],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60401,65],{"class":64},[58,60403,69],{"class":68},[58,60405,2231],{"class":239},[58,60407,243],{"class":68},[58,60409,60410],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60411,60412],{"class":1773},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[617,60414,60416],{"id":60415},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[49,60418,60420],{"className":51,"code":60419,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[20,60421,60422,60438],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60423,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60425,1725],{"class":286},[58,60427,290],{"class":77},[58,60429,1730],{"class":68},[58,60431,1079],{"class":81},[58,60433,1082],{"class":68},[58,60435,1085],{"class":81},[58,60437,1743],{"class":68},[58,60439,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60441,1757],{"class":286},[58,60443,499],{"class":68},[58,60445,51647],{"class":239},[58,60447,69],{"class":68},[58,60449,200],{"class":81},[58,60451,243],{"class":68},[16,60453,37818,60454,4680],{},[20,60455,200],{},[16,60457,60458,60459,60461,60462,60465],{},"You will get a ",[20,60460,1098],{},". See ",[374,60463,60464],{"href":50770},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[16,60467,60468],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[49,60470,60472],{"className":51,"code":60471,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[20,60473,60474,60484,60498,60510],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60475,60476,60478,60480,60482],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60477,65],{"class":64},[58,60479,69],{"class":68},[58,60481,6473],{"class":239},[58,60483,243],{"class":68},[58,60485,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494,60496],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60487,65],{"class":64},[58,60489,69],{"class":68},[58,60491,1316],{"class":991},[58,60493,69],{"class":68},[58,60495,3483],{"class":239},[58,60497,85],{"class":68},[58,60499,60500,60502,60504,60506,60508],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60501,65],{"class":64},[58,60503,69],{"class":68},[58,60505,340],{"class":239},[58,60507,1770],{"class":68},[58,60509,243],{"class":286},[58,60511,60512,60514,60516,60518,60520,60522],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60513,30310],{"class":64},[58,60515,69],{"class":68},[58,60517,6227],{"class":991},[58,60519,499],{"class":68},[58,60521,51647],{"class":22904},[58,60523,243],{"class":68},[41747,60525,60526],{},[16,60527,60528,60529,60532,60533,60535,60536,499],{},"Note: ",[20,60530,60531],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[20,60534,1770],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[20,60537,31185],{},[16,60539,60540],{},"Correct debugging example:",[49,60542,60544],{"className":51,"code":60543,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[20,60545,60546,60562,60578,60582,60596,60600,60608,60618,60632,60642],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60547,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60549,6442],{"class":286},[58,60551,290],{"class":77},[58,60553,1730],{"class":68},[58,60555,1079],{"class":81},[58,60557,1082],{"class":68},[58,60559,1085],{"class":81},[58,60561,1743],{"class":68},[58,60563,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60565,1936],{"class":286},[58,60567,290],{"class":77},[58,60569,1730],{"class":68},[58,60571,123],{"class":81},[58,60573,1082],{"class":68},[58,60575,537],{"class":81},[58,60577,1743],{"class":68},[58,60579,60580],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60581,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60583,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60585,6473],{"class":286},[58,60587,499],{"class":68},[58,60589,51647],{"class":239},[58,60591,69],{"class":68},[58,60593,3483],{"class":239},[58,60595,243],{"class":68},[58,60597,60598],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60599,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60601,60602,60604,60606],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,60603,301],{"class":286},[58,60605,290],{"class":77},[58,60607,46696],{"class":1966},[58,60609,60610,60612,60614,60616],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,60611,65],{"class":64},[58,60613,69],{"class":68},[58,60615,6473],{"class":239},[58,60617,243],{"class":68},[58,60619,60620,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,60621,65],{"class":64},[58,60623,69],{"class":68},[58,60625,1316],{"class":991},[58,60627,69],{"class":68},[58,60629,3483],{"class":239},[58,60631,85],{"class":68},[58,60633,60634,60636,60638,60640],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,60635,65],{"class":64},[58,60637,69],{"class":68},[58,60639,340],{"class":239},[58,60641,243],{"class":68},[58,60643,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654],{"class":60,"line":4565},[58,60645,30310],{"class":64},[58,60647,69],{"class":68},[58,60649,6227],{"class":991},[58,60651,499],{"class":68},[58,60653,51647],{"class":22904},[58,60655,243],{"class":68},[44,60657,3083,60659],{"id":60658},"when-to-use-extend",[20,60660,51617],{},[16,60662,155,60663,4445],{},[20,60664,51617],{},[28,60666,60667,60670,60673],{},[31,60668,60669],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[31,60671,60672],{},"Add multiple values at once",[31,60674,60675],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[16,60677,3597],{},[49,60679,60681],{"className":51,"code":60680,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,60682,60683,60700,60718,60722,60738,60742,60752],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60684,60685,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60686,60687],{"class":286},"all_scores ",[58,60689,290],{"class":77},[58,60691,1730],{"class":68},[58,60693,11649],{"class":81},[58,60695,1082],{"class":68},[58,60697,11654],{"class":81},[58,60699,1743],{"class":68},[58,60701,60702,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60716],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60703,60704],{"class":286},"new_scores ",[58,60706,290],{"class":77},[58,60708,1730],{"class":68},[58,60710,49675],{"class":81},[58,60712,1082],{"class":68},[58,60714,60715],{"class":81}," 92",[58,60717,1743],{"class":68},[58,60719,60720],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,60721,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60723,60724,60727,60729,60731,60733,60736],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,60725,60726],{"class":286},"all_scores",[58,60728,499],{"class":68},[58,60730,51647],{"class":239},[58,60732,69],{"class":68},[58,60734,60735],{"class":239},"new_scores",[58,60737,243],{"class":68},[58,60739,60740],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,60741,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,60743,60744,60746,60748,60750],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,60745,65],{"class":64},[58,60747,69],{"class":68},[58,60749,60726],{"class":239},[58,60751,243],{"class":68},[58,60753,60754],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,60755,60756],{"class":1773},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[16,60758,60759,60760,60762,60763,499],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[20,60761,50823],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[374,60764,53691,60765,8881],{"href":52079},[20,60766,52439],{},[44,60768,1555],{"id":1554},[617,60770,10849,60772,53640],{"id":60771},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[20,60773,51518],{},[16,60775,60776,60777,499],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[20,60778,1891],{},[617,60780,3303,60782,2512,60784,573],{"id":60781},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[20,60783,51617],{},[20,60785,50823],{},[16,60787,60788,60790,60791,60793],{},[20,60789,51617],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[20,60792,50823],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[617,60795,26484,60797,60799],{"id":60796},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[20,60798,51617],{}," with a string?",[16,60801,60802],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[617,60804,26484,60806,60808],{"id":60805},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[20,60807,51617],{}," with a tuple?",[16,60810,60811],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[617,60813,60815,60816,573],{"id":60814},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[20,60817,51617],{},[16,60819,60820,60821,60823],{},"You get a ",[20,60822,1098],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[44,60825,1603],{"id":1602},[28,60827,60828,60834,60838,60842,60846,60852,60856],{},[31,60829,60830],{},[374,60831,53691,60832,8881],{"href":54940},[20,60833,50823],{},[31,60835,60836],{},[374,60837,52449],{"href":51219},[31,60839,60840],{},[374,60841,55400],{"href":55325},[31,60843,60844],{},[374,60845,50942],{"href":49149},[31,60847,60848],{},[374,60849,53691,60850,8881],{"href":52079},[20,60851,52439],{},[31,60853,60854],{},[374,60855,60464],{"href":50770},[31,60857,60858],{},[374,60859,53691,60860,8881],{"href":53131},[20,60861,10922],{},[16,60863,60864,60865,60867,60868,60870],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[20,60866,50823],{},", when to use ",[20,60869,52439],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1635,60872,60873],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":60875},[60876,60877,60879,60880,60881,60888,60895,60896,60904,60906,60918],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":59273,"depth":88,"text":60878},"What list.extend() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":59354,"depth":88,"text":59355},{"id":59491,"depth":88,"text":60882,"children":60883},"extend() vs append()",[60884,60886],{"id":59505,"depth":104,"text":60885},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":59568,"depth":104,"text":60887},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":59654,"depth":88,"text":60889,"children":60890},"Using extend() with different iterables",[60891,60892,60893,60894],{"id":59665,"depth":104,"text":59666},{"id":59729,"depth":104,"text":59730},{"id":59795,"depth":104,"text":59796},{"id":59869,"depth":104,"text":59870},{"id":59929,"depth":88,"text":59930},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":60897},[60898,60900,60902,60903],{"id":60141,"depth":104,"text":60899},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":60214,"depth":104,"text":60901},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":60286,"depth":104,"text":60287},{"id":60415,"depth":104,"text":60416},{"id":60658,"depth":88,"text":60905},"When to use extend()",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":60907},[60908,60910,60912,60914,60916],{"id":60771,"depth":104,"text":60909},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":60781,"depth":104,"text":60911},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":60796,"depth":104,"text":60913},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":60805,"depth":104,"text":60915},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":60814,"depth":104,"text":60917},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":59177,"description":60919},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":60926,"title":60927,"body":60928,"description":63019,"extension":1667,"meta":63020,"navigation":318,"path":63021,"seo":63022,"stem":63023,"__hash__":63024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":60929,"toc":62982},[60930,60933,60938,60944,60955,60961,60963,61032,61034,61083,61091,61095,61100,61103,61114,61119,61121,61123,61144,61157,61160,61173,61175,61180,61205,61207,61215,61218,61287,61289,61313,61319,61323,61327,61363,61365,61385,61392,61396,61429,61431,61465,61470,61474,61507,61509,61537,61545,61549,61586,61588,61609,61612,61616,61685,61687,61711,61717,61724,61728,61731,61733,61747,61750,61774,61776,61801,61804,61823,61825,61851,61860,61864,61871,61948,61950,61991,61997,62003,62094,62096,62152,62155,62160,62164,62169,62173,62232,62234,62259,62263,62326,62328,62353,62357,62420,62422,62465,62468,62472,62476,62498,62502,62584,62586,62621,62629,62631,62635,62639,62641,62668,62673,62675,62702,62709,62712,62735,62737,62786,62789,62792,62811,62815,62818,62869,62872,62878,62882,62887,62890,62892,62898,62907,62911,62917,62921,62924,62928,62931,62935,62941,62943,62979],[12,60931,60927],{"id":60932},"python-list-function-explained",[16,60934,7260,60935,60937],{},[20,60936,22935],{}," function creates a new list.",[16,60939,60940,60941,60943],{},"Beginners usually use ",[20,60942,22935],{}," for two main reasons:",[28,60945,60946,60949],{},[31,60947,60948],{},"to make an empty list",[31,60950,60951,60952,60954],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[20,60953,58171],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[16,60956,60957,60958,60960],{},"This page explains how ",[20,60959,22935],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[44,60962,47],{"id":46},[49,60964,60966],{"className":51,"code":60965,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[20,60967,60968,60990,61008,61012,61022],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,60969,60970,60972,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,60971,1725],{"class":286},[58,60973,290],{"class":77},[58,60975,20713],{"class":991},[58,60977,3636],{"class":68},[58,60979,1079],{"class":81},[58,60981,1082],{"class":68},[58,60983,1085],{"class":81},[58,60985,1082],{"class":68},[58,60987,531],{"class":81},[58,60989,85],{"class":68},[58,60991,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61004,61006],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,60993,34252],{"class":286},[58,60995,290],{"class":77},[58,60997,20713],{"class":991},[58,60999,69],{"class":68},[58,61001,940],{"class":939},[58,61003,39726],{"class":943},[58,61005,940],{"class":939},[58,61007,243],{"class":68},[58,61009,61010],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,61011,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,61013,61014,61016,61018,61020],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,61015,65],{"class":64},[58,61017,69],{"class":68},[58,61019,1757],{"class":239},[58,61021,243],{"class":68},[58,61023,61024,61026,61028,61030],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,61025,65],{"class":64},[58,61027,69],{"class":68},[58,61029,34305],{"class":239},[58,61031,243],{"class":68},[16,61033,132],{},[49,61035,61037],{"className":51,"code":61036,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61038,61039,61055],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61040,61041,61043,61045,61047,61049,61051,61053],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61042,2016],{"class":68},[58,61044,1079],{"class":81},[58,61046,1082],{"class":68},[58,61048,1085],{"class":81},[58,61050,1082],{"class":68},[58,61052,531],{"class":81},[58,61054,1743],{"class":68},[58,61056,61057,61059,61061,61063,61065,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61058,2016],{"class":68},[58,61060,1396],{"class":939},[58,61062,374],{"class":943},[58,61064,1396],{"class":939},[58,61066,1082],{"class":68},[58,61068,1391],{"class":939},[58,61070,2882],{"class":943},[58,61072,1396],{"class":939},[58,61074,1082],{"class":68},[58,61076,1391],{"class":939},[58,61078,7878],{"class":943},[58,61080,1396],{"class":939},[58,61082,1743],{"class":68},[16,61084,155,61085,61087,61088,61090],{},[20,61086,22935],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[20,61089,58171],{},", set, or dictionary.",[44,61092,61094],{"id":61093},"what-list-does","What list() does",[16,61096,61097,61099],{},[20,61098,22935],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[16,61101,61102],{},"It can:",[28,61104,61105,61108,61111],{},[31,61106,61107],{},"create a new list object",[31,61109,61110],{},"make an empty list",[31,61112,61113],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[16,61115,61116,61117,499],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[374,61118,50942],{"href":49149},[44,61120,222],{"id":221},[16,61122,24642],{},[49,61124,61126],{"className":51,"code":61125,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[20,61127,61128,61134],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61129,61130,61132],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61131,6227],{"class":991},[58,61133,6779],{"class":68},[58,61135,61136,61138,61140,61142],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61137,6227],{"class":991},[58,61139,69],{"class":68},[58,61141,1832],{"class":239},[58,61143,243],{"class":68},[28,61145,61146,61151],{},[31,61147,61148,61150],{},[20,61149,22935],{}," makes an empty list",[31,61152,61153,61156],{},[20,61154,61155],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[16,61158,61159],{},"Common iterable values include:",[28,61161,61162,61164,61166,61168,61171],{},[31,61163,3433],{},[31,61165,3427],{},[31,61167,3430],{},[31,61169,61170],{},"ranges",[31,61172,5381],{},[44,61174,57793],{"id":57792},[16,61176,155,61177,61179],{},[20,61178,22935],{}," with no arguments:",[49,61181,61183],{"className":51,"code":61182,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[20,61184,61185,61195],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61186,61187,61189,61191,61193],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61188,5911],{"class":286},[58,61190,290],{"class":77},[58,61192,20713],{"class":991},[58,61194,6779],{"class":68},[58,61196,61197,61199,61201,61203],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61198,65],{"class":64},[58,61200,69],{"class":68},[58,61202,5942],{"class":239},[58,61204,243],{"class":68},[16,61206,132],{},[49,61208,61209],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,61210,61211],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61212,61213],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61214,36461],{"class":68},[16,61216,61217],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[49,61219,61221],{"className":51,"code":61220,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,61222,61223,61233,61237,61255,61273,61277],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61224,61225,61227,61229,61231],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61226,5911],{"class":286},[58,61228,290],{"class":77},[58,61230,20713],{"class":991},[58,61232,6779],{"class":68},[58,61234,61235],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61236,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,61238,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251,61253],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,61240,5942],{"class":286},[58,61242,499],{"class":68},[58,61244,11700],{"class":239},[58,61246,69],{"class":68},[58,61248,940],{"class":939},[58,61250,2196],{"class":943},[58,61252,940],{"class":939},[58,61254,243],{"class":68},[58,61256,61257,61259,61261,61263,61265,61267,61269,61271],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,61258,5942],{"class":286},[58,61260,499],{"class":68},[58,61262,11700],{"class":239},[58,61264,69],{"class":68},[58,61266,940],{"class":939},[58,61268,2205],{"class":943},[58,61270,940],{"class":939},[58,61272,243],{"class":68},[58,61274,61275],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,61276,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,61278,61279,61281,61283,61285],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,61280,65],{"class":64},[58,61282,69],{"class":68},[58,61284,5942],{"class":239},[58,61286,243],{"class":68},[16,61288,132],{},[49,61290,61291],{"className":51,"code":36587,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,61292,61293],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61294,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305,61307,61309,61311],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61296,2016],{"class":68},[58,61298,1396],{"class":939},[58,61300,2196],{"class":943},[58,61302,1396],{"class":939},[58,61304,1082],{"class":68},[58,61306,1391],{"class":939},[58,61308,2205],{"class":943},[58,61310,1396],{"class":939},[58,61312,1743],{"class":68},[16,61314,61315,61316,61318],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[20,61317,1900],{},". Both are valid.",[44,61320,61322],{"id":61321},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[617,61324,61326],{"id":61325},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[49,61328,61329],{"className":51,"code":58091,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,61330,61331,61353],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61332,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349,61351],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61334,1725],{"class":286},[58,61336,290],{"class":77},[58,61338,20713],{"class":991},[58,61340,3636],{"class":68},[58,61342,1079],{"class":81},[58,61344,1082],{"class":68},[58,61346,1085],{"class":81},[58,61348,1082],{"class":68},[58,61350,531],{"class":81},[58,61352,85],{"class":68},[58,61354,61355,61357,61359,61361],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61356,65],{"class":64},[58,61358,69],{"class":68},[58,61360,1757],{"class":239},[58,61362,243],{"class":68},[16,61364,132],{},[49,61366,61367],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,61368,61369],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61370,61371,61373,61375,61377,61379,61381,61383],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61372,2016],{"class":68},[58,61374,1079],{"class":81},[58,61376,1082],{"class":68},[58,61378,1085],{"class":81},[58,61380,1082],{"class":68},[58,61382,531],{"class":81},[58,61384,1743],{"class":68},[16,61386,61387,61388,499],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[374,61389,61391],{"href":61390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[617,61393,61395],{"id":61394},"string-to-list","String to list",[49,61397,61399],{"className":51,"code":61398,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,61400,61401,61419],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61402,61403,61405,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61404,34252],{"class":286},[58,61406,290],{"class":77},[58,61408,20713],{"class":991},[58,61410,69],{"class":68},[58,61412,940],{"class":939},[58,61414,35210],{"class":943},[58,61416,940],{"class":939},[58,61418,243],{"class":68},[58,61420,61421,61423,61425,61427],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61422,65],{"class":64},[58,61424,69],{"class":68},[58,61426,34305],{"class":239},[58,61428,243],{"class":68},[16,61430,132],{},[49,61432,61434],{"className":51,"code":61433,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[20,61435,61436],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61437,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458,61461,61463],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61439,2016],{"class":68},[58,61441,1396],{"class":939},[58,61443,7878],{"class":943},[58,61445,1396],{"class":939},[58,61447,1082],{"class":68},[58,61449,1391],{"class":939},[58,61451,374],{"class":943},[58,61453,1396],{"class":939},[58,61455,1082],{"class":68},[58,61457,1391],{"class":939},[58,61459,61460],{"class":943},"t",[58,61462,1396],{"class":939},[58,61464,1743],{"class":68},[16,61466,61467,61469],{},[20,61468,22935],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[617,61471,61473],{"id":61472},"range-to-list","Range to list",[49,61475,61477],{"className":51,"code":61476,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,61478,61479,61497],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61480,61481,61483,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61482,1725],{"class":286},[58,61484,290],{"class":77},[58,61486,20713],{"class":991},[58,61488,69],{"class":68},[58,61490,58171],{"class":64},[58,61492,69],{"class":68},[58,61494,200],{"class":81},[58,61496,85],{"class":68},[58,61498,61499,61501,61503,61505],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61500,65],{"class":64},[58,61502,69],{"class":68},[58,61504,1757],{"class":239},[58,61506,243],{"class":68},[16,61508,132],{},[49,61510,61511],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,61512,61513],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61514,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61516,2016],{"class":68},[58,61518,183],{"class":81},[58,61520,1082],{"class":68},[58,61522,3623],{"class":81},[58,61524,1082],{"class":68},[58,61526,1085],{"class":81},[58,61528,1082],{"class":68},[58,61530,531],{"class":81},[58,61532,1082],{"class":68},[58,61534,537],{"class":81},[58,61536,1743],{"class":68},[16,61538,61539,61540,61544],{},"This is common when working with ",[374,61541,61542],{"href":34357},[20,61543,34360],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[617,61546,61548],{"id":61547},"set-to-list","Set to list",[49,61550,61552],{"className":51,"code":61551,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[20,61553,61554,61576],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61555,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568,61570,61572,61574],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61557,1936],{"class":286},[58,61559,290],{"class":77},[58,61561,20713],{"class":991},[58,61563,3655],{"class":68},[58,61565,408],{"class":81},[58,61567,1082],{"class":68},[58,61569,5922],{"class":81},[58,61571,1082],{"class":68},[58,61573,5927],{"class":81},[58,61575,28653],{"class":68},[58,61577,61578,61580,61582,61584],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61579,65],{"class":64},[58,61581,69],{"class":68},[58,61583,3483],{"class":239},[58,61585,243],{"class":68},[16,61587,15108],{},[49,61589,61591],{"className":51,"code":61590,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[20,61592,61593],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61594,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61596,2016],{"class":68},[58,61598,408],{"class":81},[58,61600,1082],{"class":68},[58,61602,5922],{"class":81},[58,61604,1082],{"class":68},[58,61606,5927],{"class":81},[58,61608,1743],{"class":68},[16,61610,61611],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[617,61613,61615],{"id":61614},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[49,61617,61619],{"className":51,"code":61618,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,61620,61621,61657,61671,61675],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61622,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61624,11351],{"class":286},[58,61626,290],{"class":77},[58,61628,8630],{"class":68},[58,61630,940],{"class":939},[58,61632,5799],{"class":943},[58,61634,940],{"class":939},[58,61636,973],{"class":68},[58,61638,1450],{"class":939},[58,61640,11026],{"class":943},[58,61642,940],{"class":939},[58,61644,1082],{"class":68},[58,61646,1450],{"class":939},[58,61648,7437],{"class":943},[58,61650,940],{"class":939},[58,61652,973],{"class":68},[58,61654,7444],{"class":81},[58,61656,7447],{"class":68},[58,61658,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61660,301],{"class":286},[58,61662,290],{"class":77},[58,61664,20713],{"class":991},[58,61666,69],{"class":68},[58,61668,15457],{"class":239},[58,61670,243],{"class":68},[58,61672,61673],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,61674,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,61676,61677,61679,61681,61683],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,61678,65],{"class":64},[58,61680,69],{"class":68},[58,61682,340],{"class":239},[58,61684,243],{"class":68},[16,61686,132],{},[49,61688,61689],{"className":51,"code":23635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,61690,61691],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61692,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61694,2016],{"class":68},[58,61696,1396],{"class":939},[58,61698,5799],{"class":943},[58,61700,1396],{"class":939},[58,61702,1082],{"class":68},[58,61704,1391],{"class":939},[58,61706,7437],{"class":943},[58,61708,1396],{"class":939},[58,61710,1743],{"class":68},[16,61712,61713,61714,61716],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[20,61715,22935],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[16,61718,61719,61720,499],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[374,61721,61723],{"href":61722},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[44,61725,61727],{"id":61726},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[16,61729,61730],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[16,61732,59328],{},[28,61734,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745],{},[31,61736,3424],{},[31,61738,3427],{},[31,61740,3433],{},[31,61742,3430],{},[31,61744,61170],{},[31,61746,5381],{},[16,61748,61749],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[49,61751,61753],{"className":51,"code":61752,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[20,61754,61755],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61756,61757,61759,61761,61763,61765,61767,61770,61772],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61758,65],{"class":64},[58,61760,69],{"class":68},[58,61762,6227],{"class":991},[58,61764,69],{"class":68},[58,61766,940],{"class":939},[58,61768,61769],{"class":943},"hi",[58,61771,940],{"class":939},[58,61773,85],{"class":68},[16,61775,132],{},[49,61777,61779],{"className":51,"code":61778,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['h', 'i']\n",[20,61780,61781],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61782,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61784,2016],{"class":68},[58,61786,1396],{"class":939},[58,61788,58611],{"class":943},[58,61790,1396],{"class":939},[58,61792,1082],{"class":68},[58,61794,1391],{"class":939},[58,61796,34316],{"class":943},[58,61798,1396],{"class":939},[58,61800,1743],{"class":68},[16,61802,61803],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[49,61805,61807],{"className":51,"code":61806,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(5))\n",[20,61808,61809],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61810,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61812,65],{"class":64},[58,61814,69],{"class":68},[58,61816,6227],{"class":991},[58,61818,69],{"class":68},[58,61820,200],{"class":81},[58,61822,85],{"class":68},[16,61824,132],{},[49,61826,61828],{"className":51,"code":61827,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[20,61829,61830],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61831,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61833,1098],{"class":991},[58,61835,973],{"class":68},[58,61837,1391],{"class":939},[58,61839,256],{"class":943},[58,61841,1396],{"class":939},[58,61843,22771],{"class":991},[58,61845,6230],{"class":77},[58,61847,6233],{"class":77},[58,61849,61850],{"class":286}," iterable\n",[16,61852,61853,61854,61856,61857,499],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[374,61855,3259],{"href":3712},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[374,61858,61859],{"href":50770},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[44,61861,61863],{"id":61862},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[16,61865,61866,61867,61870],{},"If you already have a list, ",[20,61868,61869],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[49,61872,61874],{"className":51,"code":61873,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[20,61875,61876,61896,61910,61914,61924,61934],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61877,61878,61880,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61879,10230],{"class":286},[58,61881,290],{"class":77},[58,61883,1730],{"class":68},[58,61885,1079],{"class":81},[58,61887,1082],{"class":68},[58,61889,1085],{"class":81},[58,61891,1082],{"class":68},[58,61893,531],{"class":81},[58,61895,1743],{"class":68},[58,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61899,12459],{"class":286},[58,61901,290],{"class":77},[58,61903,20713],{"class":991},[58,61905,69],{"class":68},[58,61907,10277],{"class":239},[58,61909,243],{"class":68},[58,61911,61912],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,61913,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,61915,61916,61918,61920,61922],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,61917,65],{"class":64},[58,61919,69],{"class":68},[58,61921,10277],{"class":239},[58,61923,243],{"class":68},[58,61925,61926,61928,61930,61932],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,61927,65],{"class":64},[58,61929,69],{"class":68},[58,61931,12478],{"class":239},[58,61933,243],{"class":68},[58,61935,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,61937,65],{"class":64},[58,61939,69],{"class":68},[58,61941,10230],{"class":239},[58,61943,10338],{"class":1991},[58,61945,12532],{"class":239},[58,61947,243],{"class":68},[16,61949,132],{},[49,61951,61953],{"className":51,"code":61952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[20,61954,61955,61971,61987],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,61956,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,61958,2016],{"class":68},[58,61960,1079],{"class":81},[58,61962,1082],{"class":68},[58,61964,1085],{"class":81},[58,61966,1082],{"class":68},[58,61968,531],{"class":81},[58,61970,1743],{"class":68},[58,61972,61973,61975,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,61974,2016],{"class":68},[58,61976,1079],{"class":81},[58,61978,1082],{"class":68},[58,61980,1085],{"class":81},[58,61982,1082],{"class":68},[58,61984,531],{"class":81},[58,61986,1743],{"class":68},[58,61988,61989],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,61990,2157],{"class":1966},[16,61992,61993,61994,61996],{},"This means ",[20,61995,12478],{}," is a different list object.",[16,61998,61999,62000,62002],{},"However, this is only a ",[1855,62001,10996],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[49,62004,62006],{"className":51,"code":62005,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[20,62007,62008,62034,62048,62052,62070,62074,62084],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62009,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62011,10230],{"class":286},[58,62013,290],{"class":77},[58,62015,54465],{"class":68},[58,62017,1079],{"class":81},[58,62019,1082],{"class":68},[58,62021,1085],{"class":81},[58,62023,16213],{"class":68},[58,62025,1730],{"class":68},[58,62027,123],{"class":81},[58,62029,1082],{"class":68},[58,62031,537],{"class":81},[58,62033,51413],{"class":68},[58,62035,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62037,12459],{"class":286},[58,62039,290],{"class":77},[58,62041,20713],{"class":991},[58,62043,69],{"class":68},[58,62045,10277],{"class":239},[58,62047,243],{"class":68},[58,62049,62050],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,62051,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,62053,62054,62056,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,62055,12478],{"class":286},[58,62057,2016],{"class":68},[58,62059,183],{"class":81},[58,62061,11697],{"class":68},[58,62063,11700],{"class":239},[58,62065,69],{"class":68},[58,62067,54518],{"class":81},[58,62069,243],{"class":68},[58,62071,62072],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,62073,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,62075,62076,62078,62080,62082],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,62077,65],{"class":64},[58,62079,69],{"class":68},[58,62081,10277],{"class":239},[58,62083,243],{"class":68},[58,62085,62086,62088,62090,62092],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,62087,65],{"class":64},[58,62089,69],{"class":68},[58,62091,12478],{"class":239},[58,62093,243],{"class":68},[16,62095,132],{},[49,62097,62098],{"className":51,"code":54549,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,62099,62100,62126],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120,62122,62124],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62103,54556],{"class":68},[58,62105,1079],{"class":81},[58,62107,1082],{"class":68},[58,62109,1085],{"class":81},[58,62111,1082],{"class":68},[58,62113,8336],{"class":81},[58,62115,16213],{"class":68},[58,62117,1730],{"class":68},[58,62119,123],{"class":81},[58,62121,1082],{"class":68},[58,62123,537],{"class":81},[58,62125,51413],{"class":68},[58,62127,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62129,54556],{"class":68},[58,62131,1079],{"class":81},[58,62133,1082],{"class":68},[58,62135,1085],{"class":81},[58,62137,1082],{"class":68},[58,62139,8336],{"class":81},[58,62141,16213],{"class":68},[58,62143,1730],{"class":68},[58,62145,123],{"class":81},[58,62147,1082],{"class":68},[58,62149,537],{"class":81},[58,62151,51413],{"class":68},[16,62153,62154],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[16,62156,62157,62158,499],{},"For more on this, see ",[374,62159,11938],{"href":11937},[44,62161,62163],{"id":62162},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[16,62165,62166,62167,499],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[20,62168,22935],{},[617,62170,62172],{"id":62171},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[49,62174,62176],{"className":51,"code":62175,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[20,62177,62178,62218],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62179,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62181,11009],{"class":286},[58,62183,290],{"class":77},[58,62185,8630],{"class":68},[58,62187,940],{"class":939},[58,62189,5799],{"class":943},[58,62191,940],{"class":939},[58,62193,973],{"class":68},[58,62195,1450],{"class":939},[58,62197,6054],{"class":943},[58,62199,940],{"class":939},[58,62201,1082],{"class":68},[58,62203,1450],{"class":939},[58,62205,18043],{"class":943},[58,62207,940],{"class":939},[58,62209,973],{"class":68},[58,62211,1450],{"class":939},[58,62213,20398],{"class":943},[58,62215,940],{"class":939},[58,62217,7447],{"class":68},[58,62219,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62221,65],{"class":64},[58,62223,69],{"class":68},[58,62225,6227],{"class":991},[58,62227,69],{"class":68},[58,62229,11773],{"class":239},[58,62231,85],{"class":68},[16,62233,132],{},[49,62235,62237],{"className":51,"code":62236,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['name', 'grade']\n",[20,62238,62239],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62240,62241,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255,62257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62242,2016],{"class":68},[58,62244,1396],{"class":939},[58,62246,5799],{"class":943},[58,62248,1396],{"class":939},[58,62250,1082],{"class":68},[58,62252,1391],{"class":939},[58,62254,18043],{"class":943},[58,62256,1396],{"class":939},[58,62258,1743],{"class":68},[617,62260,62262],{"id":62261},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[49,62264,62266],{"className":51,"code":62265,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[20,62267,62268,62308],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62269,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302,62304,62306],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62271,11009],{"class":286},[58,62273,290],{"class":77},[58,62275,8630],{"class":68},[58,62277,940],{"class":939},[58,62279,5799],{"class":943},[58,62281,940],{"class":939},[58,62283,973],{"class":68},[58,62285,1450],{"class":939},[58,62287,6054],{"class":943},[58,62289,940],{"class":939},[58,62291,1082],{"class":68},[58,62293,1450],{"class":939},[58,62295,18043],{"class":943},[58,62297,940],{"class":939},[58,62299,973],{"class":68},[58,62301,1450],{"class":939},[58,62303,20398],{"class":943},[58,62305,940],{"class":939},[58,62307,7447],{"class":68},[58,62309,62310,62312,62314,62316,62318,62320,62322,62324],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62311,65],{"class":64},[58,62313,69],{"class":68},[58,62315,6227],{"class":991},[58,62317,69],{"class":68},[58,62319,11773],{"class":239},[58,62321,499],{"class":68},[58,62323,3483],{"class":239},[58,62325,4417],{"class":68},[16,62327,132],{},[49,62329,62331],{"className":51,"code":62330,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[20,62332,62333],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62334,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62349,62351],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62336,2016],{"class":68},[58,62338,1396],{"class":939},[58,62340,6054],{"class":943},[58,62342,1396],{"class":939},[58,62344,1082],{"class":68},[58,62346,1391],{"class":939},[58,62348,20398],{"class":943},[58,62350,1396],{"class":939},[58,62352,1743],{"class":68},[617,62354,62356],{"id":62355},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[49,62358,62360],{"className":51,"code":62359,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[20,62361,62362,62402],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62363,62364,62366,62368,62370,62372,62374,62376,62378,62380,62382,62384,62386,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62365,11009],{"class":286},[58,62367,290],{"class":77},[58,62369,8630],{"class":68},[58,62371,940],{"class":939},[58,62373,5799],{"class":943},[58,62375,940],{"class":939},[58,62377,973],{"class":68},[58,62379,1450],{"class":939},[58,62381,6054],{"class":943},[58,62383,940],{"class":939},[58,62385,1082],{"class":68},[58,62387,1450],{"class":939},[58,62389,18043],{"class":943},[58,62391,940],{"class":939},[58,62393,973],{"class":68},[58,62395,1450],{"class":939},[58,62397,20398],{"class":943},[58,62399,940],{"class":939},[58,62401,7447],{"class":68},[58,62403,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412,62414,62416,62418],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62405,65],{"class":64},[58,62407,69],{"class":68},[58,62409,6227],{"class":991},[58,62411,69],{"class":68},[58,62413,11773],{"class":239},[58,62415,499],{"class":68},[58,62417,5942],{"class":239},[58,62419,4417],{"class":68},[16,62421,132],{},[49,62423,62425],{"className":51,"code":62424,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[20,62426,62427],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62428,62429,62431,62433,62435,62437,62439,62441,62443,62445,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459,62461,62463],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62430,19893],{"class":68},[58,62432,1396],{"class":939},[58,62434,5799],{"class":943},[58,62436,1396],{"class":939},[58,62438,1082],{"class":68},[58,62440,1391],{"class":939},[58,62442,6054],{"class":943},[58,62444,1396],{"class":939},[58,62446,7371],{"class":68},[58,62448,7374],{"class":68},[58,62450,1396],{"class":939},[58,62452,18043],{"class":943},[58,62454,1396],{"class":939},[58,62456,1082],{"class":68},[58,62458,1391],{"class":939},[58,62460,20398],{"class":943},[58,62462,1396],{"class":939},[58,62464,7387],{"class":68},[16,62466,62467],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[44,62469,62471],{"id":62470},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[16,62473,155,62474,8741],{},[20,62475,22935],{},[28,62477,62478,62486,62495],{},[31,62479,62480,62481,966,62483],{},"you need list methods like ",[20,62482,50823],{},[20,62484,62485],{},"sort()",[31,62487,62488,62489,966,62491,62494],{},"you want to convert ",[20,62490,34360],{},[20,62492,62493],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[31,62496,62497],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[16,62499,44208,62500,973],{},[20,62501,62493],{},[49,62503,62505],{"className":51,"code":62504,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[20,62506,62507,62531,62547,62551,62574],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62508,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62510,3117],{"class":286},[58,62512,290],{"class":77},[58,62514,1730],{"class":68},[58,62516,940],{"class":939},[58,62518,11026],{"class":943},[58,62520,940],{"class":939},[58,62522,1082],{"class":68},[58,62524,1450],{"class":939},[58,62526,34102],{"class":943},[58,62528,940],{"class":939},[58,62530,1743],{"class":68},[58,62532,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62534,3186],{"class":286},[58,62536,290],{"class":77},[58,62538,1730],{"class":68},[58,62540,11649],{"class":81},[58,62542,1082],{"class":68},[58,62544,11654],{"class":81},[58,62546,1743],{"class":68},[58,62548,62549],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,62550,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,62552,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,62554,7353],{"class":286},[58,62556,290],{"class":77},[58,62558,20713],{"class":991},[58,62560,69],{"class":68},[58,62562,62563],{"class":64},"zip",[58,62565,69],{"class":68},[58,62567,3161],{"class":239},[58,62569,1082],{"class":68},[58,62571,3233],{"class":239},[58,62573,85],{"class":68},[58,62575,62576,62578,62580,62582],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,62577,65],{"class":64},[58,62579,69],{"class":68},[58,62581,7400],{"class":239},[58,62583,243],{"class":68},[16,62585,132],{},[49,62587,62589],{"className":51,"code":62588,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[20,62590,62591],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62592,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62594,19893],{"class":68},[58,62596,1396],{"class":939},[58,62598,11026],{"class":943},[58,62600,1396],{"class":939},[58,62602,1082],{"class":68},[58,62604,18050],{"class":81},[58,62606,7371],{"class":68},[58,62608,7374],{"class":68},[58,62610,1396],{"class":939},[58,62612,34102],{"class":943},[58,62614,1396],{"class":939},[58,62616,1082],{"class":68},[58,62618,11654],{"class":81},[58,62620,7387],{"class":68},[16,62622,62623,62624,62626,62627,499],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[20,62625,50823],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[374,62628,51220],{"href":51219},[44,62630,2638],{"id":2637},[16,62632,54947,62633,499],{},[20,62634,22935],{},[617,62636,62638],{"id":62637},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[16,62640,2645],{},[49,62642,62644],{"className":51,"code":62643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[20,62645,62646,62650],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62647,62648],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62649,2655],{"class":1773},[58,62651,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664,62666],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62653,6227],{"class":991},[58,62655,69],{"class":68},[58,62657,1079],{"class":81},[58,62659,1082],{"class":68},[58,62661,1085],{"class":81},[58,62663,1082],{"class":68},[58,62665,531],{"class":81},[58,62667,243],{"class":68},[16,62669,62670,62672],{},[20,62671,22935],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[16,62674,16846],{},[49,62676,62678],{"className":51,"code":62677,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[20,62679,62680],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62681,62682,62684,62686,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698,62700],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62683,65],{"class":64},[58,62685,69],{"class":68},[58,62687,6227],{"class":991},[58,62689,3636],{"class":68},[58,62691,1079],{"class":81},[58,62693,1082],{"class":68},[58,62695,1085],{"class":81},[58,62697,1082],{"class":68},[58,62699,531],{"class":81},[58,62701,1002],{"class":68},[617,62703,62705,62706],{"id":62704},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[58,62707,62708],{},"\"hello\"",[16,62710,62711],{},"This is a common surprise:",[49,62713,62715],{"className":51,"code":62714,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[20,62716,62717],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62718,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727,62729,62731,62733],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62720,65],{"class":64},[58,62722,69],{"class":68},[58,62724,6227],{"class":991},[58,62726,69],{"class":68},[58,62728,940],{"class":939},[58,62730,1959],{"class":943},[58,62732,940],{"class":939},[58,62734,85],{"class":68},[16,62736,132],{},[49,62738,62740],{"className":51,"code":62739,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[20,62741,62742],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62743,62744,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62760,62762,62764,62766,62768,62770,62772,62774,62776,62778,62780,62782,62784],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62745,2016],{"class":68},[58,62747,1396],{"class":939},[58,62749,58611],{"class":943},[58,62751,1396],{"class":939},[58,62753,1082],{"class":68},[58,62755,1391],{"class":939},[58,62757,58620],{"class":943},[58,62759,1396],{"class":939},[58,62761,1082],{"class":68},[58,62763,1391],{"class":939},[58,62765,58629],{"class":943},[58,62767,1396],{"class":939},[58,62769,1082],{"class":68},[58,62771,1391],{"class":939},[58,62773,58629],{"class":943},[58,62775,1396],{"class":939},[58,62777,1082],{"class":68},[58,62779,1391],{"class":939},[58,62781,58646],{"class":943},[58,62783,1396],{"class":939},[58,62785,1743],{"class":68},[16,62787,62788],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[16,62790,62791],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[49,62793,62795],{"className":51,"code":62794,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[20,62796,62797],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62798,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62800,65],{"class":64},[58,62802,1076],{"class":68},[58,62804,940],{"class":939},[58,62806,1959],{"class":943},[58,62808,940],{"class":939},[58,62810,2004],{"class":68},[617,62812,62814],{"id":62813},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[16,62816,62817],{},"This:",[49,62819,62821],{"className":51,"code":62820,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[20,62822,62823,62855],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,62824,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,62826,7303],{"class":286},[58,62828,290],{"class":77},[58,62830,8630],{"class":68},[58,62832,940],{"class":939},[58,62834,374],{"class":943},[58,62836,940],{"class":939},[58,62838,973],{"class":68},[58,62840,3623],{"class":81},[58,62842,1082],{"class":68},[58,62844,1450],{"class":939},[58,62846,2882],{"class":943},[58,62848,940],{"class":939},[58,62850,973],{"class":68},[58,62852,1085],{"class":81},[58,62854,7447],{"class":68},[58,62856,62857,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,62858,65],{"class":64},[58,62860,69],{"class":68},[58,62862,6227],{"class":991},[58,62864,69],{"class":68},[58,62866,7342],{"class":239},[58,62868,85],{"class":68},[16,62870,62871],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[16,62873,155,62874,62877],{},[20,62875,62876],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[617,62879,62881],{"id":62880},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[16,62883,62884,62886],{},[20,62885,22935],{}," copies the outer list only.",[16,62888,62889],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[44,62891,1555],{"id":1554},[617,62893,3303,62895,62897],{"id":62894},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[58,62896],{}," and list()?",[16,62899,62900,62901,62903,62904,62906],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[20,62902,1900],{}," is shorter. ",[20,62905,22935],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[617,62908,62910],{"id":62909},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[16,62912,62913,62914,62916],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[20,62915,22935],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[617,62918,62920],{"id":62919},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[16,62922,62923],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[617,62925,62927],{"id":62926},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[16,62929,62930],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[617,62932,62934],{"id":62933},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[16,62936,62937,62938,62940],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[20,62939,22935],{}," cannot loop through it.",[44,62942,1603],{"id":1602},[28,62944,62945,62949,62954,62958,62962,62966,62970,62975],{},[31,62946,62947],{},[374,62948,50942],{"href":49149},[31,62950,62951],{},[374,62952,62953],{"href":34357},"Python range() function explained",[31,62955,62956],{},[374,62957,61391],{"href":61390},[31,62959,62960],{},[374,62961,61723],{"href":61722},[31,62963,62964],{},[374,62965,3340],{"href":3712},[31,62967,62968],{},[374,62969,11938],{"href":11937},[31,62971,62972],{},[374,62973,62974],{"href":50770},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[31,62976,62977],{},[374,62978,52449],{"href":51219},[1635,62980,62981],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":62983},[62984,62985,62986,62987,62988,62995,62996,62997,63002,63003,63010,63018],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":61093,"depth":88,"text":61094},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":57792,"depth":88,"text":57793},{"id":61321,"depth":88,"text":61322,"children":62989},[62990,62991,62992,62993,62994],{"id":61325,"depth":104,"text":61326},{"id":61394,"depth":104,"text":61395},{"id":61472,"depth":104,"text":61473},{"id":61547,"depth":104,"text":61548},{"id":61614,"depth":104,"text":61615},{"id":61726,"depth":88,"text":61727},{"id":61862,"depth":88,"text":61863},{"id":62162,"depth":88,"text":62163,"children":62998},[62999,63000,63001],{"id":62171,"depth":104,"text":62172},{"id":62261,"depth":104,"text":62262},{"id":62355,"depth":104,"text":62356},{"id":62470,"depth":88,"text":62471},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":63004},[63005,63006,63008,63009],{"id":62637,"depth":104,"text":62638},{"id":62704,"depth":104,"text":63007},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":62813,"depth":104,"text":62814},{"id":62880,"depth":104,"text":62881},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":63011},[63012,63014,63015,63016,63017],{"id":62894,"depth":104,"text":63013},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":62909,"depth":104,"text":62910},{"id":62919,"depth":104,"text":62920},{"id":62926,"depth":104,"text":62927},{"id":62933,"depth":104,"text":62934},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":60927,"description":63019},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":63026,"title":63027,"body":63028,"description":64379,"extension":1667,"meta":64380,"navigation":318,"path":64381,"seo":64382,"stem":64383,"__hash__":64384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":9,"value":63029,"toc":64353},[63030,63035,63041,63050,63052,63125,63134,63139,63143,63159,63163,63165,63167,63186,63189,63217,63220,63245,63253,63255,63260,63267,63269,63326,63328,63336,63342,63346,63349,63422,63424,63432,63435,63458,63465,63471,63475,63481,63552,63554,63562,63571,63578,63585,63593,63737,63739,63756,63759,63798,63801,63805,63810,63812,63871,63877,63880,63987,63989,64004,64007,64014,64016,64020,64168,64171,64232,64235,64238,64259,64264,64268,64279,64282,64284,64289,64292,64300,64305,64311,64314,64320,64328,64330,64350],[12,63031,52513,63033,9464],{"id":63032},"python-list-index-method",[20,63034,57140],{},[16,63036,63037,63040],{},[20,63038,63039],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[16,63042,63043,63044,63047,63048,499],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[1855,63045,63046],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[20,63049,38869],{},[44,63051,1715],{"id":1714},[49,63053,63055],{"className":51,"code":63054,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[20,63056,63057,63089,63112],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63058,63059,63061,63063,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63060,5911],{"class":286},[58,63062,290],{"class":77},[58,63064,1730],{"class":68},[58,63066,940],{"class":939},[58,63068,2196],{"class":943},[58,63070,940],{"class":939},[58,63072,1082],{"class":68},[58,63074,1450],{"class":939},[58,63076,2205],{"class":943},[58,63078,940],{"class":939},[58,63080,1082],{"class":68},[58,63082,1450],{"class":939},[58,63084,2214],{"class":943},[58,63086,940],{"class":939},[58,63088,1743],{"class":68},[58,63090,63091,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63092,63093],{"class":286},"position ",[58,63095,290],{"class":77},[58,63097,4092],{"class":286},[58,63099,499],{"class":68},[58,63101,34007],{"class":239},[58,63103,69],{"class":68},[58,63105,940],{"class":939},[58,63107,2205],{"class":943},[58,63109,940],{"class":939},[58,63111,243],{"class":68},[58,63113,63114,63116,63118,63121,63123],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,63115,65],{"class":64},[58,63117,69],{"class":68},[58,63119,63120],{"class":239},"position",[58,63122,1770],{"class":68},[58,63124,25935],{"class":1773},[16,63126,155,63127,63130,63131,63133],{},[20,63128,63129],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[20,63132,38869],{}," if the item is not found.",[44,63135,1788,63137,1791],{"id":63136},"what-listindex-does",[20,63138,63039],{},[16,63140,63141,973],{},[20,63142,63039],{},[28,63144,63145,63148,63151,63156],{},[31,63146,63147],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[31,63149,63150],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[31,63152,63153,63154],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[20,63155,183],{},[31,63157,63158],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[16,63160,52738,63161,499],{},[374,63162,50942],{"href":52741},[44,63164,222],{"id":221},[16,63166,28882],{},[49,63168,63170],{"className":51,"code":63169,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.index(value)\n",[20,63171,63172],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63173,63174,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63175,6473],{"class":286},[58,63177,499],{"class":68},[58,63179,34007],{"class":239},[58,63181,69],{"class":68},[58,63183,553],{"class":239},[58,63185,243],{"class":68},[16,63187,63188],{},"You can also limit the search:",[49,63190,63192],{"className":51,"code":63191,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[20,63193,63194],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63195,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63215],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63197,6473],{"class":286},[58,63199,499],{"class":68},[58,63201,34007],{"class":239},[58,63203,69],{"class":68},[58,63205,553],{"class":239},[58,63207,1082],{"class":68},[58,63209,34213],{"class":239},[58,63211,1082],{"class":68},[58,63213,63214],{"class":239}," end",[58,63216,243],{"class":68},[16,63218,63219],{},"Here is what each part means:",[28,63221,63222,63227,63232,63237],{},[31,63223,63224,63226],{},[20,63225,553],{},": the item to search for",[31,63228,63229,63231],{},[20,63230,34234],{},": where the search begins",[31,63233,63234,63236],{},[20,63235,50831],{},": where the search stops",[31,63238,63239,2905,63241,63244],{},[20,63240,50831],{},[1855,63242,63243],{},"not included"," in the search range",[16,63246,63247,63248,63250,63251,499],{},"This means Python searches from ",[20,63249,34234],{}," up to, but not including, ",[20,63252,50831],{},[44,63254,36184],{"id":36183},[16,63256,63257,63259],{},[20,63258,63039],{}," returns an integer.",[16,63261,63262,63263,63266],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[1855,63264,63265],{},"first match"," in the list.",[16,63268,276],{},[49,63270,63272],{"className":51,"code":63271,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,63273,63274,63294,63312,63316],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63275,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63277,1725],{"class":286},[58,63279,290],{"class":77},[58,63281,1730],{"class":68},[58,63283,408],{"class":81},[58,63285,1082],{"class":68},[58,63287,5922],{"class":81},[58,63289,1082],{"class":68},[58,63291,5927],{"class":81},[58,63293,1743],{"class":68},[58,63295,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63297,301],{"class":286},[58,63299,290],{"class":77},[58,63301,2381],{"class":286},[58,63303,499],{"class":68},[58,63305,34007],{"class":239},[58,63307,69],{"class":68},[58,63309,13903],{"class":81},[58,63311,243],{"class":68},[58,63313,63314],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,63315,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,63317,63318,63320,63322,63324],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,63319,65],{"class":64},[58,63321,69],{"class":68},[58,63323,340],{"class":239},[58,63325,243],{"class":68},[16,63327,132],{},[49,63329,63330],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,63331,63332],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63333,63334],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63335,45085],{"class":81},[16,63337,63338,63339,63341],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[20,63340,57140],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[44,63343,63345],{"id":63344},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[16,63347,63348],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[49,63350,63352],{"className":51,"code":63351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[20,63353,63354,63386,63408,63412],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63355,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63357,34401],{"class":286},[58,63359,290],{"class":77},[58,63361,1730],{"class":68},[58,63363,940],{"class":939},[58,63365,2196],{"class":943},[58,63367,940],{"class":939},[58,63369,1082],{"class":68},[58,63371,1450],{"class":939},[58,63373,2205],{"class":943},[58,63375,940],{"class":939},[58,63377,1082],{"class":68},[58,63379,1450],{"class":939},[58,63381,2214],{"class":943},[58,63383,940],{"class":939},[58,63385,1743],{"class":68},[58,63387,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63389,63093],{"class":286},[58,63391,290],{"class":77},[58,63393,51022],{"class":286},[58,63395,499],{"class":68},[58,63397,34007],{"class":239},[58,63399,69],{"class":68},[58,63401,940],{"class":939},[58,63403,2214],{"class":943},[58,63405,940],{"class":939},[58,63407,243],{"class":68},[58,63409,63410],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,63411,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,63413,63414,63416,63418,63420],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,63415,65],{"class":64},[58,63417,69],{"class":68},[58,63419,63120],{"class":239},[58,63421,243],{"class":68},[16,63423,132],{},[49,63425,63426],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,63427,63428],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63429,63430],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63431,15206],{"class":81},[16,63433,63434],{},"In this list:",[28,63436,63437,63444,63451],{},[31,63438,63439,63441,63442],{},[20,63440,56005],{}," is at index ",[20,63443,183],{},[31,63445,63446,63441,63449],{},[20,63447,63448],{},"\"banana\"",[20,63450,1079],{},[31,63452,63453,63441,63456],{},[20,63454,63455],{},"\"cherry\"",[20,63457,117],{},[16,63459,51824,63460,475,63463,499],{},[20,63461,63462],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[20,63464,117],{},[16,63466,49713,63467,499],{},[374,63468,63470],{"href":63469},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[44,63472,63474],{"id":63473},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[16,63476,63477,63478,63480],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[20,63479,57140],{}," returns the first match only.",[49,63482,63484],{"className":51,"code":63483,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[20,63485,63486,63526,63530],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63487,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63489,11222],{"class":286},[58,63491,290],{"class":77},[58,63493,1730],{"class":68},[58,63495,940],{"class":939},[58,63497,11239],{"class":943},[58,63499,940],{"class":939},[58,63501,1082],{"class":68},[58,63503,1450],{"class":939},[58,63505,11256],{"class":943},[58,63507,940],{"class":939},[58,63509,1082],{"class":68},[58,63511,1450],{"class":939},[58,63513,11239],{"class":943},[58,63515,940],{"class":939},[58,63517,1082],{"class":68},[58,63519,1450],{"class":939},[58,63521,15606],{"class":943},[58,63523,940],{"class":939},[58,63525,1743],{"class":68},[58,63527,63528],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63529,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,63531,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,63533,65],{"class":64},[58,63535,69],{"class":68},[58,63537,15653],{"class":239},[58,63539,499],{"class":68},[58,63541,34007],{"class":239},[58,63543,69],{"class":68},[58,63545,940],{"class":939},[58,63547,11239],{"class":943},[58,63549,940],{"class":939},[58,63551,85],{"class":68},[16,63553,132],{},[49,63555,63556],{"className":51,"code":45420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,63557,63558],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63559,63560],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63561,45420],{"class":81},[16,63563,19130,63564,63567,63568,63570],{},[20,63565,63566],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[20,63569,183],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[16,63572,63573,63574,499],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[374,63575,53691,63576,8881],{"href":57199},[20,63577,55462],{},[44,63579,6552,63581,2512,63583],{"id":63580},"using-start-and-end",[20,63582,34234],{},[20,63584,50831],{},[16,63586,63587,63588,2512,63590,63592],{},"The optional ",[20,63589,34234],{},[20,63591,50831],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[49,63594,63596],{"className":51,"code":63595,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,63597,63598,63646,63650,63675,63704],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63599,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63601,34252],{"class":286},[58,63603,290],{"class":77},[58,63605,1730],{"class":68},[58,63607,940],{"class":939},[58,63609,374],{"class":943},[58,63611,940],{"class":939},[58,63613,1082],{"class":68},[58,63615,1450],{"class":939},[58,63617,2882],{"class":943},[58,63619,940],{"class":939},[58,63621,1082],{"class":68},[58,63623,1450],{"class":939},[58,63625,7878],{"class":943},[58,63627,940],{"class":939},[58,63629,1082],{"class":68},[58,63631,1450],{"class":939},[58,63633,2882],{"class":943},[58,63635,940],{"class":939},[58,63637,1082],{"class":68},[58,63639,1450],{"class":939},[58,63641,16919],{"class":943},[58,63643,940],{"class":939},[58,63645,1743],{"class":68},[58,63647,63648],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63649,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,63651,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,63653,65],{"class":64},[58,63655,69],{"class":68},[58,63657,34305],{"class":239},[58,63659,499],{"class":68},[58,63661,34007],{"class":239},[58,63663,69],{"class":68},[58,63665,940],{"class":939},[58,63667,2882],{"class":943},[58,63669,940],{"class":939},[58,63671,3486],{"class":68},[58,63673,63674],{"class":1773},"        # first match\n",[58,63676,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,63678,65],{"class":64},[58,63680,69],{"class":68},[58,63682,34305],{"class":239},[58,63684,499],{"class":68},[58,63686,34007],{"class":239},[58,63688,69],{"class":68},[58,63690,940],{"class":939},[58,63692,2882],{"class":943},[58,63694,940],{"class":939},[58,63696,1082],{"class":68},[58,63698,1085],{"class":81},[58,63700,3486],{"class":68},[58,63702,63703],{"class":1773},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[58,63705,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,63707,65],{"class":64},[58,63709,69],{"class":68},[58,63711,34305],{"class":239},[58,63713,499],{"class":68},[58,63715,34007],{"class":239},[58,63717,69],{"class":68},[58,63719,940],{"class":939},[58,63721,2882],{"class":943},[58,63723,940],{"class":939},[58,63725,1082],{"class":68},[58,63727,3623],{"class":81},[58,63729,1082],{"class":68},[58,63731,537],{"class":81},[58,63733,3486],{"class":68},[58,63735,63736],{"class":1773},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[16,63738,132],{},[49,63740,63742],{"className":51,"code":63741,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1\n3\n1\n",[20,63743,63744,63748,63752],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63745,63746],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63747,45085],{"class":81},[58,63749,63750],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63751,44785],{"class":81},[58,63753,63754],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,63755,45085],{"class":81},[16,63757,63758],{},"How this works:",[28,63760,63761,63773,63786],{},[31,63762,63763,63766,63767,63770,63771],{},[20,63764,63765],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[20,63768,63769],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[20,63772,1079],{},[31,63774,63775,63778,63779,63781,63782,63770,63784],{},[20,63776,63777],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[20,63780,117],{},", so it finds the next ",[20,63783,63769],{},[20,63785,123],{},[31,63787,63788,63791,63792,257,63794,15222,63796],{},[20,63789,63790],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[20,63793,1079],{},[20,63795,117],{},[20,63797,123],{},[16,63799,63800],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[44,63802,63804],{"id":63803},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[16,63806,63807,63808,499],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[20,63809,38869],{},[16,63811,276],{},[49,63813,63815],{"className":51,"code":63814,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[20,63816,63817,63849],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63818,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63820,5911],{"class":286},[58,63822,290],{"class":77},[58,63824,1730],{"class":68},[58,63826,940],{"class":939},[58,63828,2196],{"class":943},[58,63830,940],{"class":939},[58,63832,1082],{"class":68},[58,63834,1450],{"class":939},[58,63836,2205],{"class":943},[58,63838,940],{"class":939},[58,63840,1082],{"class":68},[58,63842,1450],{"class":939},[58,63844,2214],{"class":943},[58,63846,940],{"class":939},[58,63848,1743],{"class":68},[58,63850,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63852,65],{"class":64},[58,63854,69],{"class":68},[58,63856,5942],{"class":239},[58,63858,499],{"class":68},[58,63860,34007],{"class":239},[58,63862,69],{"class":68},[58,63864,940],{"class":939},[58,63866,31379],{"class":943},[58,63868,940],{"class":939},[58,63870,85],{"class":68},[16,63872,37818,63873,63876],{},[20,63874,63875],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[16,63878,63879],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[49,63881,63883],{"className":51,"code":63882,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[20,63884,63885,63917,63930,63934,63947,63966,63972],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63886,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63888,5911],{"class":286},[58,63890,290],{"class":77},[58,63892,1730],{"class":68},[58,63894,940],{"class":939},[58,63896,2196],{"class":943},[58,63898,940],{"class":939},[58,63900,1082],{"class":68},[58,63902,1450],{"class":939},[58,63904,2205],{"class":943},[58,63906,940],{"class":939},[58,63908,1082],{"class":68},[58,63910,1450],{"class":939},[58,63912,2214],{"class":943},[58,63914,940],{"class":939},[58,63916,1743],{"class":68},[58,63918,63919,63922,63924,63926,63928],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,63920,63921],{"class":286},"search_value ",[58,63923,290],{"class":77},[58,63925,1450],{"class":939},[58,63927,31379],{"class":943},[58,63929,1456],{"class":939},[58,63931,63932],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,63933,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,63935,63936,63938,63941,63943,63945],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,63937,5127],{"class":1991},[58,63939,63940],{"class":286}," search_value ",[58,63942,1998],{"class":77},[58,63944,4092],{"class":286},[58,63946,4521],{"class":68},[58,63948,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63964],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,63950,6202],{"class":64},[58,63952,69],{"class":68},[58,63954,5942],{"class":239},[58,63956,499],{"class":68},[58,63958,34007],{"class":239},[58,63960,69],{"class":68},[58,63962,63963],{"class":239},"search_value",[58,63965,85],{"class":68},[58,63967,63968,63970],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,63969,25589],{"class":1991},[58,63971,4521],{"class":68},[58,63973,63974,63976,63978,63980,63983,63985],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,63975,6202],{"class":64},[58,63977,69],{"class":68},[58,63979,940],{"class":939},[58,63981,63982],{"class":943},"Item not found",[58,63984,940],{"class":939},[58,63986,243],{"class":68},[16,63988,132],{},[49,63990,63992],{"className":51,"code":63991,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Item not found\n",[20,63993,63994],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,63995,63996,63999,64001],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,63997,63998],{"class":286},"Item ",[58,64000,2751],{"class":77},[58,64002,64003],{"class":286}," found\n",[16,64005,64006],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[16,64008,64009,64010,499],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[374,64011,64013],{"href":64012},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[44,64015,2638],{"id":2637},[16,64017,19364,64018,973],{},[20,64019,63039],{},[28,64021,64022,64040,64052,64112],{},[31,64023,23929,64024,475,64026,64029,64030,64032,64033,3284,64035,64037,64038,499],{},[20,64025,57140],{},[20,64027,64028],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[7985,64031],{},"\nPython does ",[1855,64034,2751],{},[20,64036,64028],{},". It raises ",[20,64039,38869],{},[31,64041,64042,64043,64045,64048,64049,64051],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[7985,64044],{},[20,64046,64047],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[20,64050,63448],{},", not the value itself.",[31,64053,6552,64054,9233,64057,64059,64061,64062,14805,64064,64087,14793,64089],{},[20,64055,64056],{},"index[]",[20,64058,57140],{},[7985,64060],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[7985,64063],{},[49,64065,64067],{"className":51,"code":64066,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[20,64068,64069],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64070,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64072,5942],{"class":286},[58,64074,499],{"class":68},[58,64076,34007],{"class":239},[58,64078,69],{"class":68},[58,64080,940],{"class":939},[58,64082,2205],{"class":943},[58,64084,940],{"class":939},[58,64086,243],{"class":68},[7985,64088],{},[49,64090,64092],{"className":51,"code":64091,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[20,64093,64094],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64095,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64097,5942],{"class":286},[58,64099,499],{"class":68},[58,64101,34007],{"class":22904},[58,64103,2016],{"class":68},[58,64105,940],{"class":939},[58,64107,2205],{"class":943},[58,64109,940],{"class":939},[58,64111,1743],{"class":68},[31,64113,64114,64115,64117,2512,64120,64122,64123],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[7985,64116],{},[20,64118,64119],{},"\"3\"",[20,64121,123],{}," are different values in Python.",[49,64124,64126],{"className":51,"code":64125,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[20,64127,64128,64148],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64129,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64131,1725],{"class":286},[58,64133,290],{"class":77},[58,64135,1730],{"class":68},[58,64137,1079],{"class":81},[58,64139,1082],{"class":68},[58,64141,1085],{"class":81},[58,64143,1082],{"class":68},[58,64145,531],{"class":81},[58,64147,1743],{"class":68},[58,64149,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64151,65],{"class":64},[58,64153,69],{"class":68},[58,64155,940],{"class":939},[58,64157,123],{"class":943},[58,64159,940],{"class":939},[58,64161,19326],{"class":1991},[58,64163,2381],{"class":239},[58,64165,1770],{"class":68},[58,64167,2893],{"class":1773},[16,64169,64170],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[49,64172,64174],{"className":51,"code":64173,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[20,64175,64176,64186,64200,64214],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64177,64178,64180,64182,64184],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64179,65],{"class":64},[58,64181,69],{"class":68},[58,64183,6473],{"class":239},[58,64185,243],{"class":68},[58,64187,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64189,65],{"class":64},[58,64191,69],{"class":68},[58,64193,1316],{"class":991},[58,64195,69],{"class":68},[58,64197,63963],{"class":239},[58,64199,85],{"class":68},[58,64201,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,64203,65],{"class":64},[58,64205,69],{"class":68},[58,64207,63921],{"class":239},[58,64209,1998],{"class":1991},[58,64211,6530],{"class":239},[58,64213,243],{"class":68},[58,64215,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,64217,65],{"class":64},[58,64219,69],{"class":68},[58,64221,6473],{"class":239},[58,64223,499],{"class":68},[58,64225,34007],{"class":239},[58,64227,69],{"class":68},[58,64229,63963],{"class":239},[58,64231,85],{"class":68},[16,64233,64234],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[16,64236,64237],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[28,64239,64240,64243,64250,64256],{},[31,64241,64242],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[31,64244,64245,64246,9233,64248],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[20,64247,64119],{},[20,64249,123],{},[31,64251,64252,64253,64255],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[20,64254,57140],{}," returns only the first one",[31,64257,64258],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[44,64260,3083,64262],{"id":64261},"when-to-use-index",[20,64263,57140],{},[16,64265,155,64266,8741],{},[20,64267,57140],{},[28,64269,64270,64273,64276],{},[31,64271,64272],{},"You need the position of a known value",[31,64274,64275],{},"You are working with a small list",[31,64277,64278],{},"You only need the first matching position",[16,64280,64281],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[44,64283,1555],{"id":1554},[617,64285,3265,64287,3268],{"id":64286},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[20,64288,63039],{},[16,64290,64291],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[617,64293,10849,64295,3284,64297,64299],{"id":64294},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[20,64296,63039],{},[20,64298,64028],{}," if the value is not found?",[16,64301,64302,64303,4760],{},"No. It raises ",[20,64304,38869],{},[617,64306,3293,64308,64310],{"id":64307},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[20,64309,63039],{}," find all matching items?",[16,64312,64313],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[617,64315,64317,64318,573],{"id":64316},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[20,64319,57140],{},[16,64321,64322,64323,2512,64325,64327],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[20,64324,34234],{},[20,64326,50831],{}," arguments.",[44,64329,1603],{"id":1602},[28,64331,64332,64336,64340,64344],{},[31,64333,64334],{},[374,64335,57128],{"href":63469},[31,64337,64338],{},[374,64339,50942],{"href":52741},[31,64341,64342],{},[374,64343,64013],{"href":64012},[31,64345,64346],{},[374,64347,53691,64348,8881],{"href":57199},[20,64349,55462],{},[1635,64351,64352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":64354},[64355,64356,64358,64359,64360,64361,64362,64364,64365,64366,64368,64378],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":63136,"depth":88,"text":64357},"What list.index() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":36183,"depth":88,"text":36184},{"id":63344,"depth":88,"text":63345},{"id":63473,"depth":88,"text":63474},{"id":63580,"depth":88,"text":64363},"Using start and end",{"id":63803,"depth":88,"text":63804},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638},{"id":64261,"depth":88,"text":64367},"When to use index()",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":64369},[64370,64372,64374,64376],{"id":64286,"depth":104,"text":64371},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":64294,"depth":104,"text":64373},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":64307,"depth":104,"text":64375},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":64316,"depth":104,"text":64377},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":63027,"description":64379},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":64386,"title":64387,"body":64388,"description":66330,"extension":1667,"meta":66331,"navigation":318,"path":66332,"seo":66333,"stem":66334,"__hash__":66335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":9,"value":64389,"toc":66290},[64390,64395,64400,64403,64412,64469,64475,64480,64484,64498,64504,64506,64529,64546,64548,64609,64611,64643,64656,64658,64661,64761,64763,64841,64847,64851,64859,64863,64869,64924,64926,64950,64954,64957,65010,65012,65036,65040,65043,65096,65098,65122,65126,65132,65203,65205,65246,65252,65259,65262,65267,65275,65280,65288,65290,65387,65389,65458,65465,65470,65472,65476,65481,65483,65554,65556,65585,65591,65593,65620,65623,65646,65650,65653,65675,65678,65701,65703,65763,65765,65797,65803,65808,65861,65863,65888,65891,65940,65942,65963,65967,65972,65975,66030,66032,66059,66066,66070,66075,66146,66149,66163,66168,66173,66175,66189,66201,66206,66208,66213,66218,66222,66225,66231,66237,66244,66252,66254,66287],[12,64391,52513,64393,9464],{"id":64392},"python-list-insert-method",[20,64394,52439],{},[16,64396,64397,64399],{},[20,64398,52082],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[16,64401,64402],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[16,64404,155,64405,64407,64408,499],{},[20,64406,52439],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[374,64409,53691,64410,8881],{"href":54940},[20,64411,50823],{},[49,64413,64415],{"className":51,"code":64414,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,64416,64417,64437,64455,64465],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64418,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64420,1725],{"class":286},[58,64422,290],{"class":77},[58,64424,1730],{"class":68},[58,64426,1079],{"class":81},[58,64428,1082],{"class":68},[58,64430,1085],{"class":81},[58,64432,1082],{"class":68},[58,64434,537],{"class":81},[58,64436,1743],{"class":68},[58,64438,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64440,1757],{"class":286},[58,64442,499],{"class":68},[58,64444,52122],{"class":239},[58,64446,69],{"class":68},[58,64448,117],{"class":81},[58,64450,1082],{"class":68},[58,64452,531],{"class":81},[58,64454,243],{"class":68},[58,64456,64457,64459,64461,64463],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,64458,65],{"class":64},[58,64460,69],{"class":68},[58,64462,1757],{"class":239},[58,64464,243],{"class":68},[58,64466,64467],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,64468,50894],{"class":1773},[16,64470,155,64471,64474],{},[20,64472,64473],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[44,64476,1788,64478,1791],{"id":64477},"what-listinsert-does",[20,64479,52082],{},[16,64481,64482,973],{},[20,64483,52082],{},[28,64485,64486,64489,64492,64494],{},[31,64487,64488],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[31,64490,64491],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[31,64493,52599],{},[31,64495,9566,64496],{},[20,64497,1891],{},[16,64499,64500,64501,64503],{},"That last point is important. ",[20,64502,52439],{}," does not create a new list.",[44,64505,3556],{"id":3555},[49,64507,64509],{"className":51,"code":64508,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[20,64510,64511],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64512,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64514,6473],{"class":286},[58,64516,499],{"class":68},[58,64518,52122],{"class":239},[58,64520,69],{"class":68},[58,64522,34007],{"class":239},[58,64524,1082],{"class":68},[58,64526,27663],{"class":239},[58,64528,243],{"class":68},[28,64530,64531,64536,64541],{},[31,64532,64533,64535],{},[20,64534,34007],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[31,64537,64538,64540],{},[20,64539,21464],{}," is the value to add",[31,64542,64543,64544],{},"The first list position is index ",[20,64545,183],{},[16,64547,276],{},[49,64549,64551],{"className":51,"code":64550,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,64552,64553,64577,64599],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64554,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64556,34252],{"class":286},[58,64558,290],{"class":77},[58,64560,1730],{"class":68},[58,64562,940],{"class":939},[58,64564,374],{"class":943},[58,64566,940],{"class":939},[58,64568,1082],{"class":68},[58,64570,1450],{"class":939},[58,64572,7878],{"class":943},[58,64574,940],{"class":939},[58,64576,1743],{"class":68},[58,64578,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64580,34305],{"class":286},[58,64582,499],{"class":68},[58,64584,52122],{"class":239},[58,64586,69],{"class":68},[58,64588,1079],{"class":81},[58,64590,1082],{"class":68},[58,64592,1450],{"class":939},[58,64594,2882],{"class":943},[58,64596,940],{"class":939},[58,64598,243],{"class":68},[58,64600,64601,64603,64605,64607],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,64602,65],{"class":64},[58,64604,69],{"class":68},[58,64606,34305],{"class":239},[58,64608,243],{"class":68},[16,64610,132],{},[49,64612,64613],{"className":51,"code":41042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,64614,64615],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64616,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64618,2016],{"class":68},[58,64620,1396],{"class":939},[58,64622,374],{"class":943},[58,64624,1396],{"class":939},[58,64626,1082],{"class":68},[58,64628,1391],{"class":939},[58,64630,2882],{"class":943},[58,64632,1396],{"class":939},[58,64634,1082],{"class":68},[58,64636,1391],{"class":939},[58,64638,7878],{"class":943},[58,64640,1396],{"class":939},[58,64642,1743],{"class":68},[16,64644,18923,64645,64647,64648,64650,64651,2512,64653,499],{},[20,64646,63769],{}," is inserted at index ",[20,64649,1079],{},", so it appears between ",[20,64652,16247],{},[20,64654,64655],{},"\"c\"",[44,64657,3913],{"id":3912},[16,64659,64660],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[49,64662,64664],{"className":51,"code":64663,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[20,64665,64666,64698,64716,64720,64742],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64667,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64669,11222],{"class":286},[58,64671,290],{"class":77},[58,64673,1730],{"class":68},[58,64675,940],{"class":939},[58,64677,11239],{"class":943},[58,64679,940],{"class":939},[58,64681,1082],{"class":68},[58,64683,1450],{"class":939},[58,64685,11256],{"class":943},[58,64687,940],{"class":939},[58,64689,1082],{"class":68},[58,64691,1450],{"class":939},[58,64693,15606],{"class":943},[58,64695,940],{"class":939},[58,64697,1743],{"class":68},[58,64699,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64701,65],{"class":64},[58,64703,69],{"class":68},[58,64705,940],{"class":939},[58,64707,9707],{"class":943},[58,64709,940],{"class":939},[58,64711,1082],{"class":68},[58,64713,11270],{"class":239},[58,64715,243],{"class":68},[58,64717,64718],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,64719,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,64721,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,64723,15653],{"class":286},[58,64725,499],{"class":68},[58,64727,52122],{"class":239},[58,64729,69],{"class":68},[58,64731,1079],{"class":81},[58,64733,1082],{"class":68},[58,64735,1450],{"class":939},[58,64737,20677],{"class":943},[58,64739,940],{"class":939},[58,64741,243],{"class":68},[58,64743,64744,64746,64748,64750,64753,64755,64757,64759],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,64745,65],{"class":64},[58,64747,69],{"class":68},[58,64749,940],{"class":939},[58,64751,64752],{"class":943},"After: ",[58,64754,940],{"class":939},[58,64756,1082],{"class":68},[58,64758,11270],{"class":239},[58,64760,243],{"class":68},[16,64762,132],{},[49,64764,64766],{"className":51,"code":64765,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[20,64767,64768,64800],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64769,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64771,9767],{"class":286},[58,64773,973],{"class":68},[58,64775,1730],{"class":68},[58,64777,1396],{"class":939},[58,64779,11239],{"class":943},[58,64781,1396],{"class":939},[58,64783,1082],{"class":68},[58,64785,1391],{"class":939},[58,64787,11256],{"class":943},[58,64789,1396],{"class":939},[58,64791,1082],{"class":68},[58,64793,1391],{"class":939},[58,64795,15606],{"class":943},[58,64797,1396],{"class":939},[58,64799,1743],{"class":68},[58,64801,64802,64804,64806,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837,64839],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64803,9820],{"class":286},[58,64805,973],{"class":68},[58,64807,64808],{"class":68},"  [",[58,64810,1396],{"class":939},[58,64812,11239],{"class":943},[58,64814,1396],{"class":939},[58,64816,1082],{"class":68},[58,64818,1391],{"class":939},[58,64820,20677],{"class":943},[58,64822,1396],{"class":939},[58,64824,1082],{"class":68},[58,64826,1391],{"class":939},[58,64828,11256],{"class":943},[58,64830,1396],{"class":939},[58,64832,1082],{"class":68},[58,64834,1391],{"class":939},[58,64836,15606],{"class":943},[58,64838,1396],{"class":939},[58,64840,1743],{"class":68},[16,64842,64843,64844,64846],{},"The new value appears at index ",[20,64845,1079],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[44,64848,64850],{"id":64849},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[16,64852,18,64853,33490,64855,64858],{},[20,64854,34007],{},[20,64856,64857],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[617,64860,64862],{"id":64861},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[16,64864,64865,64866,64868],{},"Use index ",[20,64867,183],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[49,64870,64872],{"className":51,"code":64871,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[20,64873,64874,64895,64914],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64875,64876,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64877,64878],{"class":286},"nums ",[58,64880,290],{"class":77},[58,64882,1730],{"class":68},[58,64884,117],{"class":81},[58,64886,1082],{"class":68},[58,64888,531],{"class":81},[58,64890,1082],{"class":68},[58,64892,537],{"class":81},[58,64894,1743],{"class":68},[58,64896,64897,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64898,64899],{"class":286},"nums",[58,64901,499],{"class":68},[58,64903,52122],{"class":239},[58,64905,69],{"class":68},[58,64907,183],{"class":81},[58,64909,1082],{"class":68},[58,64911,3623],{"class":81},[58,64913,243],{"class":68},[58,64915,64916,64918,64920,64922],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,64917,65],{"class":64},[58,64919,69],{"class":68},[58,64921,64899],{"class":239},[58,64923,243],{"class":68},[16,64925,132],{},[49,64927,64928],{"className":51,"code":51676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,64929,64930],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64931,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944,64946,64948],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64933,2016],{"class":68},[58,64935,1079],{"class":81},[58,64937,1082],{"class":68},[58,64939,1085],{"class":81},[58,64941,1082],{"class":68},[58,64943,531],{"class":81},[58,64945,1082],{"class":68},[58,64947,537],{"class":81},[58,64949,1743],{"class":68},[617,64951,64953],{"id":64952},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[16,64955,64956],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[49,64958,64960],{"className":51,"code":64959,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[20,64961,64962,64982,65000],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,64963,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,64965,64878],{"class":286},[58,64967,290],{"class":77},[58,64969,1730],{"class":68},[58,64971,1079],{"class":81},[58,64973,1082],{"class":68},[58,64975,1085],{"class":81},[58,64977,1082],{"class":68},[58,64979,537],{"class":81},[58,64981,1743],{"class":68},[58,64983,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,64985,64899],{"class":286},[58,64987,499],{"class":68},[58,64989,52122],{"class":239},[58,64991,69],{"class":68},[58,64993,117],{"class":81},[58,64995,1082],{"class":68},[58,64997,531],{"class":81},[58,64999,243],{"class":68},[58,65001,65002,65004,65006,65008],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65003,65],{"class":64},[58,65005,69],{"class":68},[58,65007,64899],{"class":239},[58,65009,243],{"class":68},[16,65011,132],{},[49,65013,65014],{"className":51,"code":51676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,65015,65016],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65017,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65019,2016],{"class":68},[58,65021,1079],{"class":81},[58,65023,1082],{"class":68},[58,65025,1085],{"class":81},[58,65027,1082],{"class":68},[58,65029,531],{"class":81},[58,65031,1082],{"class":68},[58,65033,537],{"class":81},[58,65035,1743],{"class":68},[617,65037,65039],{"id":65038},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[16,65041,65042],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[49,65044,65046],{"className":51,"code":65045,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[20,65047,65048,65068,65086],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65049,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65051,64878],{"class":286},[58,65053,290],{"class":77},[58,65055,1730],{"class":68},[58,65057,1079],{"class":81},[58,65059,1082],{"class":68},[58,65061,1085],{"class":81},[58,65063,1082],{"class":68},[58,65065,531],{"class":81},[58,65067,1743],{"class":68},[58,65069,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65071,64899],{"class":286},[58,65073,499],{"class":68},[58,65075,52122],{"class":239},[58,65077,69],{"class":68},[58,65079,408],{"class":81},[58,65081,1082],{"class":68},[58,65083,537],{"class":81},[58,65085,243],{"class":68},[58,65087,65088,65090,65092,65094],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65089,65],{"class":64},[58,65091,69],{"class":68},[58,65093,64899],{"class":239},[58,65095,243],{"class":68},[16,65097,132],{},[49,65099,65100],{"className":51,"code":51676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,65101,65102],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65103,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118,65120],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65105,2016],{"class":68},[58,65107,1079],{"class":81},[58,65109,1082],{"class":68},[58,65111,1085],{"class":81},[58,65113,1082],{"class":68},[58,65115,531],{"class":81},[58,65117,1082],{"class":68},[58,65119,537],{"class":81},[58,65121,1743],{"class":68},[617,65123,65125],{"id":65124},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[16,65127,65128,65129,65131],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[20,65130,52439],{}," places the item before that position.",[49,65133,65135],{"className":51,"code":65134,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,65136,65137,65169,65193],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65138,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65140,34252],{"class":286},[58,65142,290],{"class":77},[58,65144,1730],{"class":68},[58,65146,940],{"class":939},[58,65148,374],{"class":943},[58,65150,940],{"class":939},[58,65152,1082],{"class":68},[58,65154,1450],{"class":939},[58,65156,2882],{"class":943},[58,65158,940],{"class":939},[58,65160,1082],{"class":68},[58,65162,1450],{"class":939},[58,65164,16919],{"class":943},[58,65166,940],{"class":939},[58,65168,1743],{"class":68},[58,65170,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65172,34305],{"class":286},[58,65174,499],{"class":68},[58,65176,52122],{"class":239},[58,65178,69],{"class":68},[58,65180,78],{"class":77},[58,65182,1079],{"class":81},[58,65184,1082],{"class":68},[58,65186,1450],{"class":939},[58,65188,7878],{"class":943},[58,65190,940],{"class":939},[58,65192,243],{"class":68},[58,65194,65195,65197,65199,65201],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65196,65],{"class":64},[58,65198,69],{"class":68},[58,65200,34305],{"class":239},[58,65202,243],{"class":68},[16,65204,132],{},[49,65206,65208],{"className":51,"code":65207,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[20,65209,65210],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65211,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65213,2016],{"class":68},[58,65215,1396],{"class":939},[58,65217,374],{"class":943},[58,65219,1396],{"class":939},[58,65221,1082],{"class":68},[58,65223,1391],{"class":939},[58,65225,2882],{"class":943},[58,65227,1396],{"class":939},[58,65229,1082],{"class":68},[58,65231,1391],{"class":939},[58,65233,7878],{"class":943},[58,65235,1396],{"class":939},[58,65237,1082],{"class":68},[58,65239,1391],{"class":939},[58,65241,16919],{"class":943},[58,65243,1396],{"class":939},[58,65245,1743],{"class":68},[16,65247,65248,65249,381],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[374,65250,65251],{"href":49149},"Python lists beginner guide",[44,65253,65255,8725,65257],{"id":65254},"insert-vs-append",[20,65256,52439],{},[20,65258,50823],{},[16,65260,65261],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[617,65263,155,65265,8741],{"id":65264},"use-insert-when",[20,65266,52439],{},[28,65268,65269,65272],{},[31,65270,65271],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[31,65273,65274],{},"The order of the list matters",[617,65276,155,65278,8741],{"id":65277},"use-append-when",[20,65279,50823],{},[28,65281,65282,65285],{},[31,65283,65284],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[31,65286,65287],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[16,65289,276],{},[49,65291,65293],{"className":51,"code":65292,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[20,65294,65295,65319,65323,65345,65355,65359,65377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65296,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65298,5911],{"class":286},[58,65300,290],{"class":77},[58,65302,1730],{"class":68},[58,65304,940],{"class":939},[58,65306,2196],{"class":943},[58,65308,940],{"class":939},[58,65310,1082],{"class":68},[58,65312,1450],{"class":939},[58,65314,31379],{"class":943},[58,65316,940],{"class":939},[58,65318,1743],{"class":68},[58,65320,65321],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65322,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,65324,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65326,5942],{"class":286},[58,65328,499],{"class":68},[58,65330,52122],{"class":239},[58,65332,69],{"class":68},[58,65334,1079],{"class":81},[58,65336,1082],{"class":68},[58,65338,1450],{"class":939},[58,65340,2205],{"class":943},[58,65342,940],{"class":939},[58,65344,243],{"class":68},[58,65346,65347,65349,65351,65353],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,65348,65],{"class":64},[58,65350,69],{"class":68},[58,65352,5942],{"class":239},[58,65354,243],{"class":68},[58,65356,65357],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,65358,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,65360,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,65362,5942],{"class":286},[58,65364,499],{"class":68},[58,65366,11700],{"class":239},[58,65368,69],{"class":68},[58,65370,940],{"class":939},[58,65372,20686],{"class":943},[58,65374,940],{"class":939},[58,65376,243],{"class":68},[58,65378,65379,65381,65383,65385],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,65380,65],{"class":64},[58,65382,69],{"class":68},[58,65384,5942],{"class":239},[58,65386,243],{"class":68},[16,65388,132],{},[49,65390,65392],{"className":51,"code":65391,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,65393,65394,65422],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65395,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65397,2016],{"class":68},[58,65399,1396],{"class":939},[58,65401,2196],{"class":943},[58,65403,1396],{"class":939},[58,65405,1082],{"class":68},[58,65407,1391],{"class":939},[58,65409,2205],{"class":943},[58,65411,1396],{"class":939},[58,65413,1082],{"class":68},[58,65415,1391],{"class":939},[58,65417,31379],{"class":943},[58,65419,1396],{"class":939},[58,65421,1743],{"class":68},[58,65423,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65425,2016],{"class":68},[58,65427,1396],{"class":939},[58,65429,2196],{"class":943},[58,65431,1396],{"class":939},[58,65433,1082],{"class":68},[58,65435,1391],{"class":939},[58,65437,2205],{"class":943},[58,65439,1396],{"class":939},[58,65441,1082],{"class":68},[58,65443,1391],{"class":939},[58,65445,31379],{"class":943},[58,65447,1396],{"class":939},[58,65449,1082],{"class":68},[58,65451,1391],{"class":939},[58,65453,20686],{"class":943},[58,65455,1396],{"class":939},[58,65457,1743],{"class":68},[16,65459,65460,65461,499],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[374,65462,53691,65463,8881],{"href":54940},[20,65464,50823],{},[16,65466,65467,65468,499],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[374,65469,51220],{"href":51219},[44,65471,2638],{"id":2637},[16,65473,12881,65474,499],{},[20,65475,52439],{},[617,65477,10739,65479],{"id":65478},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[20,65480,52439],{},[16,65482,23845],{},[49,65484,65486],{"className":51,"code":65485,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,65487,65488,65508,65530,65534,65544],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65489,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65491,1725],{"class":286},[58,65493,290],{"class":77},[58,65495,1730],{"class":68},[58,65497,1079],{"class":81},[58,65499,1082],{"class":68},[58,65501,1085],{"class":81},[58,65503,1082],{"class":68},[58,65505,531],{"class":81},[58,65507,1743],{"class":68},[58,65509,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65511,301],{"class":286},[58,65513,290],{"class":77},[58,65515,2381],{"class":286},[58,65517,499],{"class":68},[58,65519,52122],{"class":239},[58,65521,69],{"class":68},[58,65523,1079],{"class":81},[58,65525,1082],{"class":68},[58,65527,8336],{"class":81},[58,65529,243],{"class":68},[58,65531,65532],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65533,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,65535,65536,65538,65540,65542],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,65537,65],{"class":64},[58,65539,69],{"class":68},[58,65541,340],{"class":239},[58,65543,243],{"class":68},[58,65545,65546,65548,65550,65552],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,65547,65],{"class":64},[58,65549,69],{"class":68},[58,65551,1757],{"class":239},[58,65553,243],{"class":68},[16,65555,132],{},[49,65557,65559],{"className":51,"code":65558,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[20,65560,65561,65565],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65562,65563],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65564,9952],{"class":1966},[58,65566,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65568,2016],{"class":68},[58,65570,1079],{"class":81},[58,65572,1082],{"class":68},[58,65574,8336],{"class":81},[58,65576,1082],{"class":68},[58,65578,1085],{"class":81},[58,65580,1082],{"class":68},[58,65582,531],{"class":81},[58,65584,1743],{"class":68},[16,65586,65587,52324,65589,499],{},[20,65588,52439],{},[20,65590,1891],{},[16,65592,14793],{},[49,65594,65596],{"className":51,"code":65595,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[20,65597,65598],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65599,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65601,54061],{"class":286},[58,65603,290],{"class":77},[58,65605,2381],{"class":286},[58,65607,499],{"class":68},[58,65609,52122],{"class":239},[58,65611,69],{"class":68},[58,65613,1079],{"class":81},[58,65615,1082],{"class":68},[58,65617,8336],{"class":81},[58,65619,243],{"class":68},[16,65621,65622],{},"Right:",[49,65624,65626],{"className":51,"code":65625,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[20,65627,65628],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65629,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65631,1757],{"class":286},[58,65633,499],{"class":68},[58,65635,52122],{"class":239},[58,65637,69],{"class":68},[58,65639,1079],{"class":81},[58,65641,1082],{"class":68},[58,65643,8336],{"class":81},[58,65645,243],{"class":68},[617,65647,65649],{"id":65648},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[16,65651,65652],{},"The correct order is:",[49,65654,65655],{"className":51,"code":64508,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,65656,65657],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65658,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65660,6473],{"class":286},[58,65662,499],{"class":68},[58,65664,52122],{"class":239},[58,65666,69],{"class":68},[58,65668,34007],{"class":239},[58,65670,1082],{"class":68},[58,65672,27663],{"class":239},[58,65674,243],{"class":68},[16,65676,65677],{},"Not:",[49,65679,65681],{"className":51,"code":65680,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[20,65682,65683],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65684,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65686,6473],{"class":286},[58,65688,499],{"class":68},[58,65690,52122],{"class":239},[58,65692,69],{"class":68},[58,65694,21464],{"class":239},[58,65696,1082],{"class":68},[58,65698,33982],{"class":239},[58,65700,243],{"class":68},[16,65702,276],{},[49,65704,65705],{"className":51,"code":64550,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,65706,65707,65731,65753],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65708,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65710,34252],{"class":286},[58,65712,290],{"class":77},[58,65714,1730],{"class":68},[58,65716,940],{"class":939},[58,65718,374],{"class":943},[58,65720,940],{"class":939},[58,65722,1082],{"class":68},[58,65724,1450],{"class":939},[58,65726,7878],{"class":943},[58,65728,940],{"class":939},[58,65730,1743],{"class":68},[58,65732,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65734,34305],{"class":286},[58,65736,499],{"class":68},[58,65738,52122],{"class":239},[58,65740,69],{"class":68},[58,65742,1079],{"class":81},[58,65744,1082],{"class":68},[58,65746,1450],{"class":939},[58,65748,2882],{"class":943},[58,65750,940],{"class":939},[58,65752,243],{"class":68},[58,65754,65755,65757,65759,65761],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65756,65],{"class":64},[58,65758,69],{"class":68},[58,65760,34305],{"class":239},[58,65762,243],{"class":68},[16,65764,132],{},[49,65766,65767],{"className":51,"code":41042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,65768,65769],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65770,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65772,2016],{"class":68},[58,65774,1396],{"class":939},[58,65776,374],{"class":943},[58,65778,1396],{"class":939},[58,65780,1082],{"class":68},[58,65782,1391],{"class":939},[58,65784,2882],{"class":943},[58,65786,1396],{"class":939},[58,65788,1082],{"class":68},[58,65790,1391],{"class":939},[58,65792,7878],{"class":943},[58,65794,1396],{"class":939},[58,65796,1743],{"class":68},[617,65798,6588,65800,65802],{"id":65799},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[20,65801,52439],{}," to replace an item",[16,65804,65805,65807],{},[20,65806,52439],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[49,65809,65811],{"className":51,"code":65810,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,65812,65813,65833,65851],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65814,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829,65831],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65816,1725],{"class":286},[58,65818,290],{"class":77},[58,65820,1730],{"class":68},[58,65822,1079],{"class":81},[58,65824,1082],{"class":68},[58,65826,1085],{"class":81},[58,65828,1082],{"class":68},[58,65830,531],{"class":81},[58,65832,1743],{"class":68},[58,65834,65835,65837,65839,65841,65843,65845,65847,65849],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65836,1757],{"class":286},[58,65838,499],{"class":68},[58,65840,52122],{"class":239},[58,65842,69],{"class":68},[58,65844,1079],{"class":81},[58,65846,1082],{"class":68},[58,65848,8336],{"class":81},[58,65850,243],{"class":68},[58,65852,65853,65855,65857,65859],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65854,65],{"class":64},[58,65856,69],{"class":68},[58,65858,1757],{"class":239},[58,65860,243],{"class":68},[16,65862,132],{},[49,65864,65866],{"className":51,"code":65865,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[20,65867,65868],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65869,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65871,2016],{"class":68},[58,65873,1079],{"class":81},[58,65875,1082],{"class":68},[58,65877,8336],{"class":81},[58,65879,1082],{"class":68},[58,65881,1085],{"class":81},[58,65883,1082],{"class":68},[58,65885,531],{"class":81},[58,65887,1743],{"class":68},[16,65889,65890],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[49,65892,65894],{"className":51,"code":65893,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,65895,65896,65916,65930],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65897,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65899,1725],{"class":286},[58,65901,290],{"class":77},[58,65903,1730],{"class":68},[58,65905,1079],{"class":81},[58,65907,1082],{"class":68},[58,65909,1085],{"class":81},[58,65911,1082],{"class":68},[58,65913,531],{"class":81},[58,65915,1743],{"class":68},[58,65917,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926,65928],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65919,1757],{"class":286},[58,65921,2016],{"class":68},[58,65923,1079],{"class":81},[58,65925,11420],{"class":68},[58,65927,11423],{"class":77},[58,65929,12278],{"class":81},[58,65931,65932,65934,65936,65938],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,65933,65],{"class":64},[58,65935,69],{"class":68},[58,65937,1757],{"class":239},[58,65939,243],{"class":68},[16,65941,132],{},[49,65943,65945],{"className":51,"code":65944,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[20,65946,65947],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65948,65949,65951,65953,65955,65957,65959,65961],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65950,2016],{"class":68},[58,65952,1079],{"class":81},[58,65954,1082],{"class":68},[58,65956,8336],{"class":81},[58,65958,1082],{"class":68},[58,65960,531],{"class":81},[58,65962,1743],{"class":68},[617,65964,65966],{"id":65965},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[16,65968,65969,65971],{},[20,65970,52439],{}," adds one item each time.",[16,65973,65974],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[49,65976,65978],{"className":51,"code":65977,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,65979,65980,65996,66020],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,65981,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,65983,1725],{"class":286},[58,65985,290],{"class":77},[58,65987,1730],{"class":68},[58,65989,1079],{"class":81},[58,65991,1082],{"class":68},[58,65993,537],{"class":81},[58,65995,1743],{"class":68},[58,65997,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,65999,1757],{"class":286},[58,66001,499],{"class":68},[58,66003,52122],{"class":239},[58,66005,69],{"class":68},[58,66007,1079],{"class":81},[58,66009,1082],{"class":68},[58,66011,1730],{"class":68},[58,66013,117],{"class":81},[58,66015,1082],{"class":68},[58,66017,531],{"class":81},[58,66019,2004],{"class":68},[58,66021,66022,66024,66026,66028],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,66023,65],{"class":64},[58,66025,69],{"class":68},[58,66027,1757],{"class":239},[58,66029,243],{"class":68},[16,66031,132],{},[49,66033,66035],{"className":51,"code":66034,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[20,66036,66037],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66038,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66040,2016],{"class":68},[58,66042,1079],{"class":81},[58,66044,1082],{"class":68},[58,66046,1730],{"class":68},[58,66048,117],{"class":81},[58,66050,1082],{"class":68},[58,66052,531],{"class":81},[58,66054,16213],{"class":68},[58,66056,537],{"class":81},[58,66058,1743],{"class":68},[16,66060,66061,66062,499],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[374,66063,53691,66064,8881],{"href":51515},[20,66065,51617],{},[617,66067,66069],{"id":66068},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[16,66071,7012,66072,66074],{},[20,66073,52439],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[49,66076,66078],{"className":51,"code":66077,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[20,66079,66080,66090,66104,66122,66136],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66081,66082,66084,66086,66088],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66083,65],{"class":64},[58,66085,69],{"class":68},[58,66087,6473],{"class":239},[58,66089,243],{"class":68},[58,66091,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66093,65],{"class":64},[58,66095,69],{"class":68},[58,66097,9303],{"class":64},[58,66099,69],{"class":68},[58,66101,6473],{"class":239},[58,66103,85],{"class":68},[58,66105,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,66107,65],{"class":64},[58,66109,69],{"class":68},[58,66111,6473],{"class":239},[58,66113,499],{"class":68},[58,66115,52122],{"class":22904},[58,66117,499],{"class":68},[58,66119,32605],{"class":32612},[58,66121,243],{"class":68},[58,66123,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,66125,30310],{"class":64},[58,66127,69],{"class":68},[58,66129,6227],{"class":991},[58,66131,499],{"class":68},[58,66133,52122],{"class":22904},[58,66135,243],{"class":68},[58,66137,66138,66140,66142,66144],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,66139,1316],{"class":991},[58,66141,69],{"class":68},[58,66143,6473],{"class":239},[58,66145,243],{"class":68},[16,66147,66148],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[28,66150,66151,66154,66157,66160],{},[31,66152,66153],{},"What is currently in the list",[31,66155,66156],{},"How long the list is",[31,66158,66159],{},"That you are working with a real list",[31,66161,66162],{},"How Python describes the method",[44,66164,3083,66166],{"id":66165},"when-to-use-insert",[20,66167,52439],{},[16,66169,155,66170,66172],{},[20,66171,52439],{}," when position matters.",[16,66174,34588],{},[28,66176,66177,66180,66183,66186],{},[31,66178,66179],{},"Ordered menus",[31,66181,66182],{},"Rankings or score lists",[31,66184,66185],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[31,66187,66188],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[16,66190,66191,66192,66194,66195,66197,66198,66200],{},"You usually do ",[1855,66193,2751],{}," need ",[20,66196,52439],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[20,66199,50823],{}," is simpler.",[16,66202,66203,66204,499],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[374,66205,55326],{"href":55325},[44,66207,1555],{"id":1554},[617,66209,10849,66211,53640],{"id":66210},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[20,66212,52082],{},[16,66214,66215,66216,499],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[20,66217,1891],{},[617,66219,66221],{"id":66220},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[16,66223,66224],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[617,66226,3293,66228,66230],{"id":66227},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[20,66229,52082],{}," add multiple items?",[16,66232,66233,66234,66236],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[20,66235,51617],{}," or slicing.",[617,66238,3303,66240,2512,66242,573],{"id":66239},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[20,66241,52439],{},[20,66243,50823],{},[16,66245,66246,66248,66249,66251],{},[20,66247,52439],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[20,66250,50823],{}," adds only at the end.",[44,66253,1603],{"id":1602},[28,66255,66256,66262,66268,66272,66276,66280],{},[31,66257,66258],{},[374,66259,53691,66260,8881],{"href":54940},[20,66261,50823],{},[31,66263,66264],{},[374,66265,53691,66266,8881],{"href":51515},[20,66267,51617],{},[31,66269,66270],{},[374,66271,52449],{"href":51219},[31,66273,66274],{},[374,66275,50942],{"href":49149},[31,66277,66278],{},[374,66279,55400],{"href":55325},[31,66281,66282],{},[374,66283,28504,66284,31792],{"href":52467},[20,66285,66286],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1635,66288,66289],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":66291},[66292,66294,66295,66296,66302,66309,66318,66320,66329],{"id":64477,"depth":88,"text":66293},"What list.insert() does",{"id":3555,"depth":88,"text":3556},{"id":3912,"depth":88,"text":3913},{"id":64849,"depth":88,"text":64850,"children":66297},[66298,66299,66300,66301],{"id":64861,"depth":104,"text":64862},{"id":64952,"depth":104,"text":64953},{"id":65038,"depth":104,"text":65039},{"id":65124,"depth":104,"text":65125},{"id":65254,"depth":88,"text":66303,"children":66304},"insert() vs append()",[66305,66307],{"id":65264,"depth":104,"text":66306},"Use insert() when:",{"id":65277,"depth":104,"text":66308},"Use append() when:",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":66310},[66311,66313,66314,66316,66317],{"id":65478,"depth":104,"text":66312},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":65648,"depth":104,"text":65649},{"id":65799,"depth":104,"text":66315},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":65965,"depth":104,"text":65966},{"id":66068,"depth":104,"text":66069},{"id":66165,"depth":88,"text":66319},"When to use insert()",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":66321},[66322,66324,66325,66327],{"id":66210,"depth":104,"text":66323},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":66220,"depth":104,"text":66221},{"id":66227,"depth":104,"text":66326},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":66239,"depth":104,"text":66328},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":64387,"description":66330},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":66337,"title":66338,"body":66339,"description":67894,"extension":1667,"meta":67895,"navigation":318,"path":57145,"seo":67896,"stem":67897,"__hash__":67898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":9,"value":66340,"toc":67867},[66341,66347,66356,66405,66407,66415,66421,66423,66441,66447,66452,66455,66458,66473,66475,66527,66529,66537,66545,66552,66554,66560,66625,66627,66635,66637,66656,66659,66710,66714,66719,66746,66748,66756,66759,66828,66830,66845,66851,66855,66864,66867,66922,66924,66932,66935,66937,66982,66984,66992,66998,67000,67008,67011,67013,67052,67054,67093,67098,67100,67102,67137,67140,67142,67180,67184,67190,67192,67243,67245,67253,67260,67263,67284,67287,67342,67353,67355,67416,67418,67427,67434,67440,67443,67446,67503,67506,67519,67526,67532,67538,67540,67553,67556,67653,67655,67672,67675,67757,67759,67781,67788,67794,67796,67800,67806,67812,67817,67821,67824,67830,67837,67839,67864],[12,66342,66344,66345,1770],{"id":66343},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[20,66346,9303],{},[16,66348,66349,66350,66352,66353,66355],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[20,66351,40527],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[20,66354,40527],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[49,66357,66359],{"className":51,"code":66358,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[20,66360,66361,66381,66395],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66362,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66364,1725],{"class":286},[58,66366,290],{"class":77},[58,66368,1730],{"class":68},[58,66370,408],{"class":81},[58,66372,1082],{"class":68},[58,66374,5922],{"class":81},[58,66376,1082],{"class":68},[58,66378,5927],{"class":81},[58,66380,1743],{"class":68},[58,66382,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66384,39407],{"class":286},[58,66386,290],{"class":77},[58,66388,36550],{"class":64},[58,66390,69],{"class":68},[58,66392,1757],{"class":239},[58,66394,243],{"class":68},[58,66396,66397,66399,66401,66403],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,66398,65],{"class":64},[58,66400,69],{"class":68},[58,66402,39425],{"class":239},[58,66404,243],{"class":68},[16,66406,132],{},[49,66408,66409],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,66410,66411],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66412,66413],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66414,44785],{"class":81},[16,66416,155,66417,66420],{},[20,66418,66419],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[44,66422,13311],{"id":13310},[28,66424,66425,66430,66435,66438],{},[31,66426,2316,66427,66429],{},[20,66428,40527],{}," works with Python lists",[31,66431,66432,66433,9849],{},"What value ",[20,66434,40527],{},[31,66436,66437],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[31,66439,66440],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[44,66442,1788,66444,66446],{"id":66443},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[20,66445,40527],{}," returns for a list",[16,66448,66449,63259],{},[20,66450,66451],{},"len(my_list)",[16,66453,66454],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[16,66456,66457],{},"A few important points:",[28,66459,66460,66463,66468],{},[31,66461,66462],{},"It counts list items",[31,66464,39071,66465,66467],{},[1855,66466,2751],{}," count characters inside a string item",[31,66469,66470,66471],{},"An empty list returns ",[20,66472,183],{},[16,66474,276],{},[49,66476,66478],{"className":51,"code":66477,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[20,66479,66480,66513],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66481,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66483,2187],{"class":286},[58,66485,290],{"class":77},[58,66487,1730],{"class":68},[58,66489,940],{"class":939},[58,66491,35210],{"class":943},[58,66493,940],{"class":939},[58,66495,1082],{"class":68},[58,66497,1450],{"class":939},[58,66499,66500],{"class":943},"elephant",[58,66502,940],{"class":939},[58,66504,1082],{"class":68},[58,66506,1450],{"class":939},[58,66508,56299],{"class":943},[58,66510,940],{"class":939},[58,66512,1743],{"class":68},[58,66514,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66516,65],{"class":64},[58,66518,69],{"class":68},[58,66520,9303],{"class":64},[58,66522,69],{"class":68},[58,66524,2231],{"class":239},[58,66526,85],{"class":68},[16,66528,132],{},[49,66530,66531],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,66532,66533],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66534,66535],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66536,44785],{"class":81},[16,66538,19130,66539,66542,66543,63266],{},[20,66540,66541],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[1855,66544,50827],{},[16,66546,66547,66548,499],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[374,66549,1681,66550,1612],{"href":40524},[20,66551,40527],{},[44,66553,3913],{"id":3912},[16,66555,66556,66557,66559],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[20,66558,40527],{},", and print the result.",[49,66561,66563],{"className":51,"code":66562,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[20,66564,66565,66597,66611,66615],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66566,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66568,11222],{"class":286},[58,66570,290],{"class":77},[58,66572,1730],{"class":68},[58,66574,940],{"class":939},[58,66576,11239],{"class":943},[58,66578,940],{"class":939},[58,66580,1082],{"class":68},[58,66582,1450],{"class":939},[58,66584,15606],{"class":943},[58,66586,940],{"class":939},[58,66588,1082],{"class":68},[58,66590,1450],{"class":939},[58,66592,11256],{"class":943},[58,66594,940],{"class":939},[58,66596,1743],{"class":68},[58,66598,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66600,39407],{"class":286},[58,66602,290],{"class":77},[58,66604,36550],{"class":64},[58,66606,69],{"class":68},[58,66608,15653],{"class":239},[58,66610,243],{"class":68},[58,66612,66613],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,66614,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,66616,66617,66619,66621,66623],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,66618,65],{"class":64},[58,66620,69],{"class":68},[58,66622,39425],{"class":239},[58,66624,243],{"class":68},[16,66626,132],{},[49,66628,66629],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,66630,66631],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66632,66633],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66634,44785],{"class":81},[16,66636,9827],{},[28,66638,66639,66644,66651],{},[31,66640,66641,66643],{},[20,66642,15653],{}," is a list with 3 items",[31,66645,66646,475,66649],{},[20,66647,66648],{},"len(colors)",[20,66650,123],{},[31,66652,66653,66654],{},"That value is stored in ",[20,66655,39425],{},[16,66657,66658],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[49,66660,66662],{"className":51,"code":66661,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[20,66663,66664,66696],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66665,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66667,11222],{"class":286},[58,66669,290],{"class":77},[58,66671,1730],{"class":68},[58,66673,940],{"class":939},[58,66675,11239],{"class":943},[58,66677,940],{"class":939},[58,66679,1082],{"class":68},[58,66681,1450],{"class":939},[58,66683,15606],{"class":943},[58,66685,940],{"class":939},[58,66687,1082],{"class":68},[58,66689,1450],{"class":939},[58,66691,11256],{"class":943},[58,66693,940],{"class":939},[58,66695,1743],{"class":68},[58,66697,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66699,65],{"class":64},[58,66701,69],{"class":68},[58,66703,9303],{"class":64},[58,66705,69],{"class":68},[58,66707,15653],{"class":239},[58,66709,85],{"class":68},[44,66711,66713],{"id":66712},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[16,66715,66716,66717,499],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[20,66718,183],{},[49,66720,66722],{"className":51,"code":66721,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[20,66723,66724,66732],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66725,66726,66728,66730],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66727,5911],{"class":286},[58,66729,290],{"class":77},[58,66731,5971],{"class":68},[58,66733,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66735,65],{"class":64},[58,66737,69],{"class":68},[58,66739,9303],{"class":64},[58,66741,69],{"class":68},[58,66743,5942],{"class":239},[58,66745,85],{"class":68},[16,66747,132],{},[49,66749,66750],{"className":51,"code":45420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,66751,66752],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66753,66754],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66755,45420],{"class":81},[16,66757,66758],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[49,66760,66762],{"className":51,"code":66761,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[20,66763,66764,66772,66776,66794,66808,66814],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66765,66766,66768,66770],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66767,5911],{"class":286},[58,66769,290],{"class":77},[58,66771,5971],{"class":68},[58,66773,66774],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66775,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,66777,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,66779,5127],{"class":1991},[58,66781,36550],{"class":64},[58,66783,69],{"class":68},[58,66785,5942],{"class":239},[58,66787,1770],{"class":68},[58,66789,36560],{"class":77},[58,66791,1947],{"class":81},[58,66793,4521],{"class":68},[58,66795,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,66797,6202],{"class":64},[58,66799,69],{"class":68},[58,66801,5942],{"class":239},[58,66803,2016],{"class":68},[58,66805,183],{"class":81},[58,66807,2004],{"class":68},[58,66809,66810,66812],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,66811,25589],{"class":1991},[58,66813,4521],{"class":68},[58,66815,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,66817,6202],{"class":64},[58,66819,69],{"class":68},[58,66821,940],{"class":939},[58,66823,49986],{"class":943},[58,66825,940],{"class":939},[58,66827,243],{"class":68},[16,66829,132],{},[49,66831,66833],{"className":51,"code":66832,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"The list is empty\n",[20,66834,66835],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66836,66837,66839,66841,66843],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66838,18],{"class":286},[58,66840,6227],{"class":991},[58,66842,6230],{"class":77},[58,66844,6236],{"class":286},[16,66846,66847,66848,66850],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[374,66849,50942],{"href":49149}," is a good next step.",[44,66852,66854],{"id":66853},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[16,66856,66857,66859,66860,66863],{},[20,66858,40527],{}," counts only the ",[1855,66861,66862],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[16,66865,66866],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[49,66868,66870],{"className":51,"code":66869,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[20,66871,66872,66908],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66873,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66875,7303],{"class":286},[58,66877,290],{"class":77},[58,66879,54465],{"class":68},[58,66881,1079],{"class":81},[58,66883,1082],{"class":68},[58,66885,1085],{"class":81},[58,66887,16213],{"class":68},[58,66889,1730],{"class":68},[58,66891,123],{"class":81},[58,66893,1082],{"class":68},[58,66895,537],{"class":81},[58,66897,16213],{"class":68},[58,66899,1730],{"class":68},[58,66901,200],{"class":81},[58,66903,1082],{"class":68},[58,66905,35807],{"class":81},[58,66907,51413],{"class":68},[58,66909,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66911,65],{"class":64},[58,66913,69],{"class":68},[58,66915,9303],{"class":64},[58,66917,69],{"class":68},[58,66919,7342],{"class":239},[58,66921,85],{"class":68},[16,66923,132],{},[49,66925,66926],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,66927,66928],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66929,66930],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66931,44785],{"class":81},[16,66933,66934],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[16,66936,50250],{},[49,66938,66940],{"className":51,"code":66939,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[20,66941,66942,66968],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66943,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66945,57645],{"class":286},[58,66947,290],{"class":77},[58,66949,1730],{"class":68},[58,66951,1079],{"class":81},[58,66953,1082],{"class":68},[58,66955,1730],{"class":68},[58,66957,117],{"class":81},[58,66959,1082],{"class":68},[58,66961,531],{"class":81},[58,66963,16213],{"class":68},[58,66965,537],{"class":81},[58,66967,1743],{"class":68},[58,66969,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,66971,65],{"class":64},[58,66973,69],{"class":68},[58,66975,9303],{"class":64},[58,66977,69],{"class":68},[58,66979,57698],{"class":239},[58,66981,85],{"class":68},[16,66983,132],{},[49,66985,66986],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,66987,66988],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,66989,66990],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,66991,44785],{"class":81},[16,66993,19130,66994,66997],{},[20,66995,66996],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[44,66999,2638],{"id":2637},[617,67001,6552,67003,9233,67006],{"id":67002},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[20,67004,67005],{},"my_list.len()",[20,67007,66451],{},[16,67009,67010],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[16,67012,14793],{},[49,67014,67016],{"className":51,"code":67015,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[20,67017,67018,67038],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67019,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67021,1725],{"class":286},[58,67023,290],{"class":77},[58,67025,1730],{"class":68},[58,67027,408],{"class":81},[58,67029,1082],{"class":68},[58,67031,5922],{"class":81},[58,67033,1082],{"class":68},[58,67035,5927],{"class":81},[58,67037,1743],{"class":68},[58,67039,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67041,65],{"class":64},[58,67043,69],{"class":68},[58,67045,1757],{"class":239},[58,67047,499],{"class":68},[58,67049,9303],{"class":239},[58,67051,5324],{"class":68},[16,67053,14805],{},[49,67055,67057],{"className":51,"code":67056,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[20,67058,67059,67079],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67062,1725],{"class":286},[58,67064,290],{"class":77},[58,67066,1730],{"class":68},[58,67068,408],{"class":81},[58,67070,1082],{"class":68},[58,67072,5922],{"class":81},[58,67074,1082],{"class":68},[58,67076,5927],{"class":81},[58,67078,1743],{"class":68},[58,67080,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67082,65],{"class":64},[58,67084,69],{"class":68},[58,67086,9303],{"class":64},[58,67088,69],{"class":68},[58,67090,1757],{"class":239},[58,67092,85],{"class":68},[16,67094,67095,67097],{},[20,67096,40527],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[617,67099,23842],{"id":23841},[16,67101,14793],{},[49,67103,67105],{"className":51,"code":67104,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[20,67106,67107,67127],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67108,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67110,1725],{"class":286},[58,67112,290],{"class":77},[58,67114,1730],{"class":68},[58,67116,408],{"class":81},[58,67118,1082],{"class":68},[58,67120,5922],{"class":81},[58,67122,1082],{"class":68},[58,67124,5927],{"class":81},[58,67126,1743],{"class":68},[58,67128,67129,67131,67133,67135],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67130,65],{"class":64},[58,67132,69],{"class":68},[58,67134,9303],{"class":64},[58,67136,243],{"class":68},[16,67138,67139],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[16,67141,14805],{},[49,67143,67144],{"className":51,"code":67056,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,67145,67146,67166],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67147,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67149,1725],{"class":286},[58,67151,290],{"class":77},[58,67153,1730],{"class":68},[58,67155,408],{"class":81},[58,67157,1082],{"class":68},[58,67159,5922],{"class":81},[58,67161,1082],{"class":68},[58,67163,5927],{"class":81},[58,67165,1743],{"class":68},[58,67167,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67169,65],{"class":64},[58,67171,69],{"class":68},[58,67173,9303],{"class":64},[58,67175,69],{"class":68},[58,67177,1757],{"class":239},[58,67179,85],{"class":68},[617,67181,67183],{"id":67182},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[16,67185,67186,67187,67189],{},"The length of a list is ",[1855,67188,2751],{}," the same as the last index.",[16,67191,276],{},[49,67193,67195],{"className":51,"code":67194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[20,67196,67197,67229],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67198,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67200,34252],{"class":286},[58,67202,290],{"class":77},[58,67204,1730],{"class":68},[58,67206,940],{"class":939},[58,67208,374],{"class":943},[58,67210,940],{"class":939},[58,67212,1082],{"class":68},[58,67214,1450],{"class":939},[58,67216,2882],{"class":943},[58,67218,940],{"class":939},[58,67220,1082],{"class":68},[58,67222,1450],{"class":939},[58,67224,7878],{"class":943},[58,67226,940],{"class":939},[58,67228,1743],{"class":68},[58,67230,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67232,65],{"class":64},[58,67234,69],{"class":68},[58,67236,9303],{"class":64},[58,67238,69],{"class":68},[58,67240,34305],{"class":239},[58,67242,85],{"class":68},[16,67244,132],{},[49,67246,67247],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,67248,67249],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67250,67251],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67252,44785],{"class":81},[16,67254,67255,67256,17115,67258,499],{},"But the last index is ",[20,67257,117],{},[20,67259,123],{},[16,67261,67262],{},"Indexes are:",[28,67264,67265,67272,67278],{},[31,67266,67267,67269,67270],{},[20,67268,183],{}," for ",[20,67271,16247],{},[31,67273,67274,67269,67276],{},[20,67275,1079],{},[20,67277,63769],{},[31,67279,67280,67269,67282],{},[20,67281,117],{},[20,67283,64655],{},[16,67285,67286],{},"So this causes an error:",[49,67288,67290],{"className":51,"code":67289,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[20,67291,67292,67324],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67293,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67295,34252],{"class":286},[58,67297,290],{"class":77},[58,67299,1730],{"class":68},[58,67301,940],{"class":939},[58,67303,374],{"class":943},[58,67305,940],{"class":939},[58,67307,1082],{"class":68},[58,67309,1450],{"class":939},[58,67311,2882],{"class":943},[58,67313,940],{"class":939},[58,67315,1082],{"class":68},[58,67317,1450],{"class":939},[58,67319,7878],{"class":943},[58,67321,940],{"class":939},[58,67323,1743],{"class":68},[58,67325,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67327,65],{"class":64},[58,67329,69],{"class":68},[58,67331,34305],{"class":239},[58,67333,2016],{"class":68},[58,67335,9303],{"class":64},[58,67337,69],{"class":68},[58,67339,34305],{"class":239},[58,67341,8819],{"class":68},[16,67343,6631,67344,2905,67347,67349,67350,67352],{},[20,67345,67346],{},"len(letters)",[20,67348,123],{},", and index ",[20,67351,123],{}," does not exist.",[16,67354,16992],{},[49,67356,67358],{"className":51,"code":67357,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[20,67359,67360,67392],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67361,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67363,34252],{"class":286},[58,67365,290],{"class":77},[58,67367,1730],{"class":68},[58,67369,940],{"class":939},[58,67371,374],{"class":943},[58,67373,940],{"class":939},[58,67375,1082],{"class":68},[58,67377,1450],{"class":939},[58,67379,2882],{"class":943},[58,67381,940],{"class":939},[58,67383,1082],{"class":68},[58,67385,1450],{"class":939},[58,67387,7878],{"class":943},[58,67389,940],{"class":939},[58,67391,1743],{"class":68},[58,67393,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67395,65],{"class":64},[58,67397,69],{"class":68},[58,67399,34305],{"class":239},[58,67401,2016],{"class":68},[58,67403,9303],{"class":64},[58,67405,69],{"class":68},[58,67407,34305],{"class":239},[58,67409,1770],{"class":68},[58,67411,293],{"class":77},[58,67413,3623],{"class":81},[58,67415,2004],{"class":68},[16,67417,132],{},[49,67419,67421],{"className":51,"code":67420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"c\n",[20,67422,67423],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67424,67425],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67426,67420],{"class":286},[16,67428,67429,67430,499],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[374,67431,67433],{"href":67432},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[617,67435,6552,67437,67439],{"id":67436},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[20,67438,40527],{}," on the wrong variable",[16,67441,67442],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[16,67444,67445],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[49,67447,67449],{"className":51,"code":67448,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[20,67450,67451,67461,67475,67489],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67452,67453,67455,67457,67459],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67454,65],{"class":64},[58,67456,69],{"class":68},[58,67458,6473],{"class":239},[58,67460,243],{"class":68},[58,67462,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67464,65],{"class":64},[58,67466,69],{"class":68},[58,67468,9303],{"class":64},[58,67470,69],{"class":68},[58,67472,6473],{"class":239},[58,67474,85],{"class":68},[58,67476,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,67478,65],{"class":64},[58,67480,69],{"class":68},[58,67482,1316],{"class":991},[58,67484,69],{"class":68},[58,67486,6473],{"class":239},[58,67488,85],{"class":68},[58,67490,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,67492,65],{"class":64},[58,67494,69],{"class":68},[58,67496,6473],{"class":239},[58,67498,2016],{"class":68},[58,67500,183],{"class":81},[58,67502,2004],{"class":68},[16,67504,67505],{},"These help you verify:",[28,67507,67508,67511,67513,67516],{},[31,67509,67510],{},"what the variable contains",[31,67512,58957],{},[31,67514,67515],{},"whether it is really a list",[31,67517,67518],{},"what the first item is",[16,67520,67521,67522,67525],{},"Be careful with ",[20,67523,67524],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[44,67527,3083,67529,67531],{"id":67528},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[20,67530,40527],{}," with lists",[16,67533,67534,67535,67537],{},"You will often use ",[20,67536,40527],{}," in real programs.",[16,67539,7512],{},[28,67541,67542,67544,67547,67550],{},[31,67543,49940],{},[31,67545,67546],{},"Control loops",[31,67548,67549],{},"Validate input or results",[31,67551,67552],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[16,67554,67555],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[49,67557,67559],{"className":51,"code":67558,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[20,67560,67561,67581,67597,67601,67615,67629],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67562,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571,67573,67575,67577,67579],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67564,637],{"class":286},[58,67566,290],{"class":77},[58,67568,1730],{"class":68},[58,67570,1079],{"class":81},[58,67572,1082],{"class":68},[58,67574,1085],{"class":81},[58,67576,1082],{"class":68},[58,67578,531],{"class":81},[58,67580,1743],{"class":68},[58,67582,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67584,665],{"class":286},[58,67586,290],{"class":77},[58,67588,1730],{"class":68},[58,67590,408],{"class":81},[58,67592,1082],{"class":68},[58,67594,5922],{"class":81},[58,67596,1743],{"class":68},[58,67598,67599],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,67600,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,67602,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,67604,65],{"class":64},[58,67606,69],{"class":68},[58,67608,9303],{"class":64},[58,67610,69],{"class":68},[58,67612,374],{"class":239},[58,67614,85],{"class":68},[58,67616,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,67618,65],{"class":64},[58,67620,69],{"class":68},[58,67622,9303],{"class":64},[58,67624,69],{"class":68},[58,67626,2882],{"class":239},[58,67628,85],{"class":68},[58,67630,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,67632,65],{"class":64},[58,67634,69],{"class":68},[58,67636,9303],{"class":64},[58,67638,69],{"class":68},[58,67640,374],{"class":239},[58,67642,1770],{"class":68},[58,67644,36560],{"class":77},[58,67646,36550],{"class":64},[58,67648,69],{"class":68},[58,67650,2882],{"class":239},[58,67652,85],{"class":68},[16,67654,132],{},[49,67656,67658],{"className":51,"code":67657,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[20,67659,67660,67664,67668],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67661,67662],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67663,44785],{"class":81},[58,67665,67666],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67667,15206],{"class":81},[58,67669,67670],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,67671,2096],{"class":1966},[16,67673,67674],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[49,67676,67678],{"className":51,"code":67677,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[20,67679,67680,67712,67716,67738],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67681,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67683,3117],{"class":286},[58,67685,290],{"class":77},[58,67687,1730],{"class":68},[58,67689,940],{"class":939},[58,67691,11026],{"class":943},[58,67693,940],{"class":939},[58,67695,1082],{"class":68},[58,67697,1450],{"class":939},[58,67699,34102],{"class":943},[58,67701,940],{"class":939},[58,67703,1082],{"class":68},[58,67705,1450],{"class":939},[58,67707,34111],{"class":943},[58,67709,940],{"class":939},[58,67711,1743],{"class":68},[58,67713,67714],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67715,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,67717,67718,67720,67723,67725,67727,67729,67731,67733,67735],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,67719,4084],{"class":1991},[58,67721,67722],{"class":286}," i ",[58,67724,1998],{"class":1991},[58,67726,52241],{"class":64},[58,67728,69],{"class":68},[58,67730,9303],{"class":64},[58,67732,69],{"class":68},[58,67734,3161],{"class":239},[58,67736,67737],{"class":68},")):\n",[58,67739,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748,67751,67753,67755],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,67741,6202],{"class":64},[58,67743,69],{"class":68},[58,67745,34316],{"class":239},[58,67747,1082],{"class":68},[58,67749,67750],{"class":239}," names",[58,67752,2016],{"class":68},[58,67754,34316],{"class":239},[58,67756,2004],{"class":68},[16,67758,132],{},[49,67760,67761],{"className":51,"code":34160,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,67762,67763,67769,67775],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67764,67765,67767],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67766,183],{"class":81},[58,67768,34169],{"class":286},[58,67770,67771,67773],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67772,1079],{"class":81},[58,67774,34176],{"class":286},[58,67776,67777,67779],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,67778,117],{"class":81},[58,67780,34183],{"class":286},[16,67782,67783,67784,499],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[374,67785,67787],{"href":67786},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[16,67789,67790,67791,67793],{},"You can also read ",[374,67792,49717],{"href":49716}," for a task-focused guide.",[44,67795,1555],{"id":1554},[617,67797,67799],{"id":67798},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[16,67801,155,67802,67805],{},[20,67803,67804],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[617,67807,3265,67809,10861],{"id":67808},"what-does-len-return",[20,67810,67811],{},"len([])",[16,67813,3271,67814,67816],{},[20,67815,183],{}," because the list is empty.",[617,67818,67820],{"id":67819},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[16,67822,67823],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[617,67825,26484,67827,67829],{"id":67826},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[20,67828,67005],{}," in Python?",[16,67831,28427,67832,6356,67834,67836],{},[20,67833,66451],{},[20,67835,40527],{}," is a built-in function.",[44,67838,1603],{"id":1602},[28,67840,67841,67847,67851,67855,67859],{},[31,67842,67843],{},[374,67844,1681,67845,1612],{"href":40524},[20,67846,40527],{},[31,67848,67849],{},[374,67850,50761],{"href":49716},[31,67852,67853],{},[374,67854,50942],{"href":49149},[31,67856,67857],{},[374,67858,67433],{"href":67432},[31,67860,67861],{},[374,67862,67863],{"href":67786},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1635,67865,67866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":67868},[67869,67870,67872,67873,67874,67875,67883,67885,67893],{"id":13310,"depth":88,"text":13311},{"id":66443,"depth":88,"text":67871},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":3912,"depth":88,"text":3913},{"id":66712,"depth":88,"text":66713},{"id":66853,"depth":88,"text":66854},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":67876},[67877,67879,67880,67881],{"id":67002,"depth":104,"text":67878},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":23841,"depth":104,"text":23842},{"id":67182,"depth":104,"text":67183},{"id":67436,"depth":104,"text":67882},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":67528,"depth":88,"text":67884},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":67886},[67887,67888,67890,67891],{"id":67798,"depth":104,"text":67799},{"id":67808,"depth":104,"text":67889},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":67819,"depth":104,"text":67820},{"id":67826,"depth":104,"text":67892},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":66338,"description":67894},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":67900,"title":67901,"body":67902,"description":69884,"extension":1667,"meta":69885,"navigation":318,"path":69886,"seo":69887,"stem":69888,"__hash__":69889},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":9,"value":67903,"toc":69857},[67904,67907,67912,67915,67923,67936,67938,68003,68005,68027,68032,68036,68041,68049,68051,68061,68063,68144,68146,68176,68178,68197,68202,68219,68221,68305,68307,68337,68342,68346,68352,68436,68438,68468,68471,68475,68478,68569,68571,68609,68612,68697,68699,68729,68735,68742,68746,68751,68760,68762,68847,68849,68878,68881,68889,68893,68897,68906,68929,68931,68953,68955,68969,68971,69031,69035,69040,69079,69081,69098,69100,69110,69209,69214,69218,69223,69266,69268,69296,69298,69312,69387,69389,69411,69415,69418,69423,69434,69439,69447,69450,69521,69523,69548,69605,69607,69628,69637,69645,69650,69652,69657,69678,69681,69756,69759,69773,69780,69782,69786,69792,69796,69806,69810,69817,69821,69827,69829,69854],[12,67905,67901],{"id":67906},"python-list-pop-method",[16,67908,67909,67911],{},[20,67910,53253],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[16,67913,67914],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[28,67916,67917,67920],{},[31,67918,67919],{},"delete an item from a list",[31,67921,67922],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[16,67924,67925,67926,67928,67929,6841,67931,67935],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[20,67927,10908],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[20,67930,10908],{},[374,67932,67933],{"href":53243},[20,67934,53700],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[44,67937,47],{"id":46},[49,67939,67941],{"className":51,"code":67940,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,67942,67943,67963,67978,67982,67993],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,67944,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957,67959,67961],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,67946,1725],{"class":286},[58,67948,290],{"class":77},[58,67950,1730],{"class":68},[58,67952,408],{"class":81},[58,67954,1082],{"class":68},[58,67956,5922],{"class":81},[58,67958,1082],{"class":68},[58,67960,5927],{"class":81},[58,67962,1743],{"class":68},[58,67964,67965,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,67966,67967],{"class":286},"last_item ",[58,67969,290],{"class":77},[58,67971,2381],{"class":286},[58,67973,499],{"class":68},[58,67975,24396],{"class":239},[58,67977,6779],{"class":68},[58,67979,67980],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,67981,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,67983,67984,67986,67988,67991],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,67985,65],{"class":64},[58,67987,69],{"class":68},[58,67989,67990],{"class":239},"last_item",[58,67992,243],{"class":68},[58,67994,67995,67997,67999,68001],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,67996,65],{"class":64},[58,67998,69],{"class":68},[58,68000,1757],{"class":239},[58,68002,243],{"class":68},[16,68004,132],{},[49,68006,68008],{"className":51,"code":68007,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[20,68009,68010,68015],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68011,68012],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68013,68014],{"class":81},"30\n",[58,68016,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68018,2016],{"class":68},[58,68020,408],{"class":81},[58,68022,1082],{"class":68},[58,68024,5922],{"class":81},[58,68026,1743],{"class":68},[16,68028,155,68029,68031],{},[20,68030,10908],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[44,68033,68035],{"id":68034},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[16,68037,68038,68040],{},[20,68039,10908],{}," has two main jobs:",[28,68042,68043,68046],{},[31,68044,68045],{},"It removes one item from a list",[31,68047,68048],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[16,68050,41817],{},[28,68052,68053,68056,68059],{},[31,68054,68055],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[31,68057,68058],{},"It changes the original list",[31,68060,50916],{},[16,68062,276],{},[49,68064,68066],{"className":51,"code":68065,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[20,68067,68068,68100,68104,68119,68123,68134],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68069,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68071,11222],{"class":286},[58,68073,290],{"class":77},[58,68075,1730],{"class":68},[58,68077,940],{"class":939},[58,68079,11239],{"class":943},[58,68081,940],{"class":939},[58,68083,1082],{"class":68},[58,68085,1450],{"class":939},[58,68087,15606],{"class":943},[58,68089,940],{"class":939},[58,68091,1082],{"class":68},[58,68093,1450],{"class":939},[58,68095,11256],{"class":943},[58,68097,940],{"class":939},[58,68099,1743],{"class":68},[58,68101,68102],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68103,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68105,68106,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,68107,68108],{"class":286},"removed ",[58,68110,290],{"class":77},[58,68112,11270],{"class":286},[58,68114,499],{"class":68},[58,68116,24396],{"class":239},[58,68118,6779],{"class":68},[58,68120,68121],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,68122,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68124,68125,68127,68129,68132],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,68126,65],{"class":64},[58,68128,69],{"class":68},[58,68130,68131],{"class":239},"removed",[58,68133,243],{"class":68},[58,68135,68136,68138,68140,68142],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,68137,65],{"class":64},[58,68139,69],{"class":68},[58,68141,15653],{"class":239},[58,68143,243],{"class":68},[16,68145,132],{},[49,68147,68149],{"className":51,"code":68148,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[20,68150,68151,68156],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68152,68153],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68154,68155],{"class":286},"blue\n",[58,68157,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68159,2016],{"class":68},[58,68161,1396],{"class":939},[58,68163,11239],{"class":943},[58,68165,1396],{"class":939},[58,68167,1082],{"class":68},[58,68169,1391],{"class":939},[58,68171,15606],{"class":943},[58,68173,1396],{"class":939},[58,68175,1743],{"class":68},[44,68177,222],{"id":221},[49,68179,68181],{"className":51,"code":68180,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list.pop([index])\n",[20,68182,68183],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68184,68185,68187,68189,68191,68193,68195],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68186,6227],{"class":991},[58,68188,499],{"class":68},[58,68190,24396],{"class":239},[58,68192,1076],{"class":68},[58,68194,34007],{"class":239},[58,68196,2004],{"class":68},[16,68198,18,68199,68201],{},[20,68200,34007],{}," is optional.",[28,68203,68204,68210,68216],{},[31,68205,68206,68207,68209],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[20,68208,10908],{}," removes the last item",[31,68211,68212,68213,68215],{},"If you give an index, ",[20,68214,10908],{}," removes the item at that position",[31,68217,68218],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[16,68220,276],{},[49,68222,68224],{"className":51,"code":68223,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[20,68225,68226,68258,68262,68281,68285,68295],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68227,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236,68238,68240,68242,68244,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68229,34252],{"class":286},[58,68231,290],{"class":77},[58,68233,1730],{"class":68},[58,68235,940],{"class":939},[58,68237,374],{"class":943},[58,68239,940],{"class":939},[58,68241,1082],{"class":68},[58,68243,1450],{"class":939},[58,68245,2882],{"class":943},[58,68247,940],{"class":939},[58,68249,1082],{"class":68},[58,68251,1450],{"class":939},[58,68253,7878],{"class":943},[58,68255,940],{"class":939},[58,68257,1743],{"class":68},[58,68259,68260],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68261,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68263,68264,68266,68268,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,68265,26694],{"class":286},[58,68267,290],{"class":77},[58,68269,68270],{"class":286}," letters",[58,68272,499],{"class":68},[58,68274,24396],{"class":239},[58,68276,69],{"class":68},[58,68278,1079],{"class":81},[58,68280,243],{"class":68},[58,68282,68283],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,68284,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68286,68287,68289,68291,68293],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,68288,65],{"class":64},[58,68290,69],{"class":68},[58,68292,21464],{"class":239},[58,68294,243],{"class":68},[58,68296,68297,68299,68301,68303],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,68298,65],{"class":64},[58,68300,69],{"class":68},[58,68302,34305],{"class":239},[58,68304,243],{"class":68},[16,68306,132],{},[49,68308,68310],{"className":51,"code":68309,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[20,68311,68312,68317],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68313,68314],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68315,68316],{"class":286},"b\n",[58,68318,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68320,2016],{"class":68},[58,68322,1396],{"class":939},[58,68324,374],{"class":943},[58,68326,1396],{"class":939},[58,68328,1082],{"class":68},[58,68330,1391],{"class":939},[58,68332,7878],{"class":943},[58,68334,1396],{"class":939},[58,68336,1743],{"class":68},[16,68338,68339,68340,499],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[374,68341,50942],{"href":49149},[44,68343,68345],{"id":68344},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[16,68347,68348,68349,68351],{},"When you call ",[20,68350,10908],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[49,68353,68355],{"className":51,"code":68354,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[20,68356,68357,68392,68396,68411,68415,68426],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68358,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68370,68372,68374,68376,68379,68381,68383,68385,68388,68390],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68360,28054],{"class":286},[58,68362,290],{"class":77},[58,68364,1730],{"class":68},[58,68366,940],{"class":939},[58,68368,68369],{"class":943},"write",[58,68371,940],{"class":939},[58,68373,1082],{"class":68},[58,68375,1450],{"class":939},[58,68377,68378],{"class":943},"test",[58,68380,940],{"class":939},[58,68382,1082],{"class":68},[58,68384,1450],{"class":939},[58,68386,68387],{"class":943},"submit",[58,68389,940],{"class":939},[58,68391,1743],{"class":68},[58,68393,68394],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68395,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68397,68398,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,68399,68400],{"class":286},"last_task ",[58,68402,290],{"class":77},[58,68404,28132],{"class":286},[58,68406,499],{"class":68},[58,68408,24396],{"class":239},[58,68410,6779],{"class":68},[58,68412,68413],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,68414,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68416,68417,68419,68421,68424],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,68418,65],{"class":64},[58,68420,69],{"class":68},[58,68422,68423],{"class":239},"last_task",[58,68425,243],{"class":68},[58,68427,68428,68430,68432,68434],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,68429,65],{"class":64},[58,68431,69],{"class":68},[58,68433,34668],{"class":239},[58,68435,243],{"class":68},[16,68437,132],{},[49,68439,68441],{"className":51,"code":68440,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[20,68442,68443,68448],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68444,68445],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68446,68447],{"class":286},"submit\n",[58,68449,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68451,2016],{"class":68},[58,68453,1396],{"class":939},[58,68455,68369],{"class":943},[58,68457,1396],{"class":939},[58,68459,1082],{"class":68},[58,68461,1391],{"class":939},[58,68463,68378],{"class":943},[58,68465,1396],{"class":939},[58,68467,1743],{"class":68},[16,68469,68470],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[44,68472,68474],{"id":68473},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[16,68476,68477],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[49,68479,68481],{"className":51,"code":68480,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[20,68482,68483,68523,68527,68545,68549,68559],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68484,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68486,34401],{"class":286},[58,68488,290],{"class":77},[58,68490,1730],{"class":68},[58,68492,940],{"class":939},[58,68494,2196],{"class":943},[58,68496,940],{"class":939},[58,68498,1082],{"class":68},[58,68500,1450],{"class":939},[58,68502,2205],{"class":943},[58,68504,940],{"class":939},[58,68506,1082],{"class":68},[58,68508,1450],{"class":939},[58,68510,2214],{"class":943},[58,68512,940],{"class":939},[58,68514,1082],{"class":68},[58,68516,1450],{"class":939},[58,68518,31379],{"class":943},[58,68520,940],{"class":939},[58,68522,1743],{"class":68},[58,68524,68525],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68526,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68528,68529,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,68530,68108],{"class":286},[58,68532,290],{"class":77},[58,68534,51022],{"class":286},[58,68536,499],{"class":68},[58,68538,24396],{"class":239},[58,68540,69],{"class":68},[58,68542,1079],{"class":81},[58,68544,243],{"class":68},[58,68546,68547],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,68548,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68550,68551,68553,68555,68557],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,68552,65],{"class":64},[58,68554,69],{"class":68},[58,68556,68131],{"class":239},[58,68558,243],{"class":68},[58,68560,68561,68563,68565,68567],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,68562,65],{"class":64},[58,68564,69],{"class":68},[58,68566,34453],{"class":239},[58,68568,243],{"class":68},[16,68570,132],{},[49,68572,68574],{"className":51,"code":68573,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[20,68575,68576,68581],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68577,68578],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68579,68580],{"class":286},"banana\n",[58,68582,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68584,2016],{"class":68},[58,68586,1396],{"class":939},[58,68588,2196],{"class":943},[58,68590,1396],{"class":939},[58,68592,1082],{"class":68},[58,68594,1391],{"class":939},[58,68596,2214],{"class":943},[58,68598,1396],{"class":939},[58,68600,1082],{"class":68},[58,68602,1391],{"class":939},[58,68604,31379],{"class":943},[58,68606,1396],{"class":939},[58,68608,1743],{"class":68},[16,68610,68611],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[49,68613,68615],{"className":51,"code":68614,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[20,68616,68617,68649,68653,68673,68677,68687],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68618,68619,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68620,34401],{"class":286},[58,68622,290],{"class":77},[58,68624,1730],{"class":68},[58,68626,940],{"class":939},[58,68628,2196],{"class":943},[58,68630,940],{"class":939},[58,68632,1082],{"class":68},[58,68634,1450],{"class":939},[58,68636,2205],{"class":943},[58,68638,940],{"class":939},[58,68640,1082],{"class":68},[58,68642,1450],{"class":939},[58,68644,2214],{"class":943},[58,68646,940],{"class":939},[58,68648,1743],{"class":68},[58,68650,68651],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68652,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68654,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,68656,68108],{"class":286},[58,68658,290],{"class":77},[58,68660,51022],{"class":286},[58,68662,499],{"class":68},[58,68664,24396],{"class":239},[58,68666,69],{"class":68},[58,68668,78],{"class":77},[58,68670,1079],{"class":81},[58,68672,243],{"class":68},[58,68674,68675],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,68676,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68678,68679,68681,68683,68685],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,68680,65],{"class":64},[58,68682,69],{"class":68},[58,68684,68131],{"class":239},[58,68686,243],{"class":68},[58,68688,68689,68691,68693,68695],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,68690,65],{"class":64},[58,68692,69],{"class":68},[58,68694,34453],{"class":239},[58,68696,243],{"class":68},[16,68698,132],{},[49,68700,68702],{"className":51,"code":68701,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[20,68703,68704,68709],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68705,68706],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68707,68708],{"class":286},"cherry\n",[58,68710,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68712,2016],{"class":68},[58,68714,1396],{"class":939},[58,68716,2196],{"class":943},[58,68718,1396],{"class":939},[58,68720,1082],{"class":68},[58,68722,1391],{"class":939},[58,68724,2205],{"class":943},[58,68726,1396],{"class":939},[58,68728,1743],{"class":68},[16,68730,68731,68732,68734],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[20,68733,64028],{}," means the last item.",[16,68736,68737,68738,499],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[374,68739,68740,8881],{"href":57137},[20,68741,63039],{},[44,68743,68745],{"id":68744},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[16,68747,68748,68750],{},[20,68749,10908],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[16,68752,68753,68754,2512,68756,499],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[20,68755,10908],{},[374,68757,68758],{"href":53243},[20,68759,53700],{},[16,68761,276],{},[49,68763,68765],{"className":51,"code":68764,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[20,68766,68767,68799,68803,68822,68826,68837],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68768,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68770,3117],{"class":286},[58,68772,290],{"class":77},[58,68774,1730],{"class":68},[58,68776,940],{"class":939},[58,68778,11026],{"class":943},[58,68780,940],{"class":939},[58,68782,1082],{"class":68},[58,68784,1450],{"class":939},[58,68786,34102],{"class":943},[58,68788,940],{"class":939},[58,68790,1082],{"class":68},[58,68792,1450],{"class":939},[58,68794,34111],{"class":943},[58,68796,940],{"class":939},[58,68798,1743],{"class":68},[58,68800,68801],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68802,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68804,68805,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,68806,68807],{"class":286},"removed_name ",[58,68809,290],{"class":77},[58,68811,67750],{"class":286},[58,68813,499],{"class":68},[58,68815,24396],{"class":239},[58,68817,69],{"class":68},[58,68819,183],{"class":81},[58,68821,243],{"class":68},[58,68823,68824],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,68825,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68827,68828,68830,68832,68835],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,68829,65],{"class":64},[58,68831,69],{"class":68},[58,68833,68834],{"class":239},"removed_name",[58,68836,243],{"class":68},[58,68838,68839,68841,68843,68845],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,68840,65],{"class":64},[58,68842,69],{"class":68},[58,68844,3161],{"class":239},[58,68846,243],{"class":68},[16,68848,132],{},[49,68850,68852],{"className":51,"code":68851,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[20,68853,68854,68858],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68855,68856],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68857,48209],{"class":286},[58,68859,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68861,2016],{"class":68},[58,68863,1396],{"class":939},[58,68865,34102],{"class":943},[58,68867,1396],{"class":939},[58,68869,1082],{"class":68},[58,68871,1391],{"class":939},[58,68873,34111],{"class":943},[58,68875,1396],{"class":939},[58,68877,1743],{"class":68},[16,68879,68880],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[16,68882,68883,68884,68886,68887,499],{},"By comparison, ",[20,68885,53700],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[20,68888,1891],{},[44,68890,68892],{"id":68891},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[617,68894,68896],{"id":68895},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[16,68898,68899,68900,68902,68903,499],{},"If the list is empty, ",[20,68901,10908],{}," raises an ",[20,68904,68905],{},"IndexError",[49,68907,68909],{"className":51,"code":68908,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[20,68910,68911,68919],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68912,68913,68915,68917],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68914,5911],{"class":286},[58,68916,290],{"class":77},[58,68918,5971],{"class":68},[58,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68922,5942],{"class":286},[58,68924,499],{"class":68},[58,68926,24396],{"class":239},[58,68928,6779],{"class":68},[16,68930,132],{},[49,68932,68934],{"className":51,"code":68933,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[20,68935,68936],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68937,68938,68940,68942,68945,68948,68951],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68939,68905],{"class":991},[58,68941,973],{"class":68},[58,68943,68944],{"class":286}," pop ",[58,68946,68947],{"class":1991},"from",[58,68949,68950],{"class":286}," empty ",[58,68952,48055],{"class":991},[16,68954,37426],{},[28,68956,68957,68962],{},[31,68958,68959,68960],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[20,68961,10908],{},[31,68963,68964,68965,2512,68967],{},"Or handle the error with ",[20,68966,27960],{},[20,68968,27991],{},[16,68970,276],{},[49,68972,68974],{"className":51,"code":68973,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[20,68975,68976,68984,68988,68996,69010,69016],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,68977,68978,68980,68982],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,68979,5911],{"class":286},[58,68981,290],{"class":77},[58,68983,5971],{"class":68},[58,68985,68986],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,68987,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,68989,68990,68992,68994],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,68991,5127],{"class":1991},[58,68993,4092],{"class":286},[58,68995,4521],{"class":68},[58,68997,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,68999,6202],{"class":64},[58,69001,69],{"class":68},[58,69003,5942],{"class":239},[58,69005,499],{"class":68},[58,69007,24396],{"class":239},[58,69009,5324],{"class":68},[58,69011,69012,69014],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,69013,25589],{"class":1991},[58,69015,4521],{"class":68},[58,69017,69018,69020,69022,69024,69027,69029],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,69019,6202],{"class":64},[58,69021,69],{"class":68},[58,69023,940],{"class":939},[58,69025,69026],{"class":943},"The list is empty.",[58,69028,940],{"class":939},[58,69030,243],{"class":68},[617,69032,69034],{"id":69033},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[16,69036,69037,69038,499],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[20,69039,68905],{},[49,69041,69043],{"className":51,"code":69042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[20,69044,69045,69065],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69046,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69048,1725],{"class":286},[58,69050,290],{"class":77},[58,69052,1730],{"class":68},[58,69054,408],{"class":81},[58,69056,1082],{"class":68},[58,69058,5922],{"class":81},[58,69060,1082],{"class":68},[58,69062,5927],{"class":81},[58,69064,1743],{"class":68},[58,69066,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69068,1757],{"class":286},[58,69070,499],{"class":68},[58,69072,24396],{"class":239},[58,69074,69],{"class":68},[58,69076,200],{"class":81},[58,69078,243],{"class":68},[16,69080,132],{},[49,69082,69084],{"className":51,"code":69083,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[20,69085,69086],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69087,69088,69090,69092,69095],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69089,68905],{"class":991},[58,69091,973],{"class":68},[58,69093,69094],{"class":286}," pop index out of ",[58,69096,69097],{"class":64},"range\n",[16,69099,37426],{},[28,69101,69102,69107],{},[31,69103,69104,69105],{},"Check the list length with ",[20,69106,40527],{},[31,69108,69109],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[49,69111,69113],{"className":51,"code":69112,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[20,69114,69115,69135,69144,69148,69170,69188,69194],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69116,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69118,1725],{"class":286},[58,69120,290],{"class":77},[58,69122,1730],{"class":68},[58,69124,408],{"class":81},[58,69126,1082],{"class":68},[58,69128,5922],{"class":81},[58,69130,1082],{"class":68},[58,69132,5927],{"class":81},[58,69134,1743],{"class":68},[58,69136,69137,69140,69142],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69138,69139],{"class":286},"index ",[58,69141,290],{"class":77},[58,69143,43757],{"class":81},[58,69145,69146],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,69147,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,69149,69150,69152,69154,69157,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,69151,5127],{"class":1991},[58,69153,1947],{"class":81},[58,69155,69156],{"class":77}," \u003C=",[58,69158,69159],{"class":286}," index ",[58,69161,1385],{"class":77},[58,69163,36550],{"class":64},[58,69165,69],{"class":68},[58,69167,1757],{"class":239},[58,69169,6476],{"class":68},[58,69171,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,69173,6202],{"class":64},[58,69175,69],{"class":68},[58,69177,1757],{"class":239},[58,69179,499],{"class":68},[58,69181,24396],{"class":239},[58,69183,69],{"class":68},[58,69185,34007],{"class":239},[58,69187,85],{"class":68},[58,69189,69190,69192],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,69191,25589],{"class":1991},[58,69193,4521],{"class":68},[58,69195,69196,69198,69200,69202,69205,69207],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,69197,6202],{"class":64},[58,69199,69],{"class":68},[58,69201,940],{"class":939},[58,69203,69204],{"class":943},"Index is out of range.",[58,69206,940],{"class":939},[58,69208,243],{"class":68},[16,69210,69211,69212,499],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[374,69213,67433],{"href":67432},[617,69215,69217],{"id":69216},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[16,69219,69220,69222],{},[20,69221,10908],{}," expects an integer index.",[49,69224,69226],{"className":51,"code":69225,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[20,69227,69228,69248],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69229,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69231,1725],{"class":286},[58,69233,290],{"class":77},[58,69235,1730],{"class":68},[58,69237,408],{"class":81},[58,69239,1082],{"class":68},[58,69241,5922],{"class":81},[58,69243,1082],{"class":68},[58,69245,5927],{"class":81},[58,69247,1743],{"class":68},[58,69249,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69251,1757],{"class":286},[58,69253,499],{"class":68},[58,69255,24396],{"class":239},[58,69257,69],{"class":68},[58,69259,940],{"class":939},[58,69261,1079],{"class":943},[58,69263,940],{"class":939},[58,69265,243],{"class":68},[16,69267,132],{},[49,69269,69271],{"className":51,"code":69270,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[20,69272,69273],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69274,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69290,69293],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69276,1098],{"class":991},[58,69278,973],{"class":68},[58,69280,1391],{"class":939},[58,69282,1542],{"class":943},[58,69284,1396],{"class":939},[58,69286,22771],{"class":991},[58,69288,69289],{"class":286}," cannot be interpreted ",[58,69291,69292],{"class":1991},"as",[58,69294,69295],{"class":286}," an integer\n",[16,69297,37426],{},[28,69299,69300,69309],{},[31,69301,69302,69303,257,69305,261,69307],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[20,69304,183],{},[20,69306,1079],{},[20,69308,64028],{},[31,69310,69311],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[49,69313,69315],{"className":51,"code":69314,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,69316,69317,69337,69355,69359,69377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69318,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69320,1725],{"class":286},[58,69322,290],{"class":77},[58,69324,1730],{"class":68},[58,69326,408],{"class":81},[58,69328,1082],{"class":68},[58,69330,5922],{"class":81},[58,69332,1082],{"class":68},[58,69334,5927],{"class":81},[58,69336,1743],{"class":68},[58,69338,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69340,69139],{"class":286},[58,69342,290],{"class":77},[58,69344,43444],{"class":991},[58,69346,69],{"class":68},[58,69348,940],{"class":939},[58,69350,1079],{"class":943},[58,69352,940],{"class":939},[58,69354,243],{"class":68},[58,69356,69357],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,69358,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,69360,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,69362,65],{"class":64},[58,69364,69],{"class":68},[58,69366,1757],{"class":239},[58,69368,499],{"class":68},[58,69370,24396],{"class":239},[58,69372,69],{"class":68},[58,69374,34007],{"class":239},[58,69376,85],{"class":68},[58,69378,69379,69381,69383,69385],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,69380,65],{"class":64},[58,69382,69],{"class":68},[58,69384,1757],{"class":239},[58,69386,243],{"class":68},[16,69388,132],{},[49,69390,69392],{"className":51,"code":69391,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[20,69393,69394,69399],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69395,69396],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69397,69398],{"class":81},"20\n",[58,69400,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69402,2016],{"class":68},[58,69404,408],{"class":81},[58,69406,1082],{"class":68},[58,69408,5927],{"class":81},[58,69410,1743],{"class":68},[44,69412,69414],{"id":69413},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[16,69416,69417],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[617,69419,155,69421,8741],{"id":69420},"use-pop-when",[20,69422,10908],{},[28,69424,69425,69428,69431],{},[31,69426,69427],{},"you want to remove by index",[31,69429,69430],{},"you want the removed item returned",[31,69432,69433],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[617,69435,155,69437,8741],{"id":69436},"use-remove-when",[20,69438,53700],{},[28,69440,69441,69444],{},[31,69442,69443],{},"you want to remove by value",[31,69445,69446],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[16,69448,69449],{},"Compare these examples:",[49,69451,69453],{"className":51,"code":69452,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,69454,69455,69479,69483,69501,69511],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69456,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467,69469,69471,69473,69475,69477],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69458,1725],{"class":286},[58,69460,290],{"class":77},[58,69462,1730],{"class":68},[58,69464,408],{"class":81},[58,69466,1082],{"class":68},[58,69468,5922],{"class":81},[58,69470,1082],{"class":68},[58,69472,5927],{"class":81},[58,69474,1082],{"class":68},[58,69476,5922],{"class":81},[58,69478,1743],{"class":68},[58,69480,69481],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69482,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,69484,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495,69497,69499],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,69486,68108],{"class":286},[58,69488,290],{"class":77},[58,69490,2381],{"class":286},[58,69492,499],{"class":68},[58,69494,24396],{"class":239},[58,69496,69],{"class":68},[58,69498,1079],{"class":81},[58,69500,243],{"class":68},[58,69502,69503,69505,69507,69509],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,69504,65],{"class":64},[58,69506,69],{"class":68},[58,69508,68131],{"class":239},[58,69510,243],{"class":68},[58,69512,69513,69515,69517,69519],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,69514,65],{"class":64},[58,69516,69],{"class":68},[58,69518,1757],{"class":239},[58,69520,243],{"class":68},[16,69522,132],{},[49,69524,69526],{"className":51,"code":69525,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[20,69527,69528,69532],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69529,69530],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69531,69398],{"class":81},[58,69533,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544,69546],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69535,2016],{"class":68},[58,69537,408],{"class":81},[58,69539,1082],{"class":68},[58,69541,5927],{"class":81},[58,69543,1082],{"class":68},[58,69545,5922],{"class":81},[58,69547,1743],{"class":68},[49,69549,69551],{"className":51,"code":69550,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,69552,69553,69577,69581,69595],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69554,69555,69557,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69556,1725],{"class":286},[58,69558,290],{"class":77},[58,69560,1730],{"class":68},[58,69562,408],{"class":81},[58,69564,1082],{"class":68},[58,69566,5922],{"class":81},[58,69568,1082],{"class":68},[58,69570,5927],{"class":81},[58,69572,1082],{"class":68},[58,69574,5922],{"class":81},[58,69576,1743],{"class":68},[58,69578,69579],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69580,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,69582,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,69584,1757],{"class":286},[58,69586,499],{"class":68},[58,69588,32954],{"class":239},[58,69590,69],{"class":68},[58,69592,13903],{"class":81},[58,69594,243],{"class":68},[58,69596,69597,69599,69601,69603],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,69598,65],{"class":64},[58,69600,69],{"class":68},[58,69602,1757],{"class":239},[58,69604,243],{"class":68},[16,69606,132],{},[49,69608,69610],{"className":51,"code":69609,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[20,69611,69612],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69613,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69615,2016],{"class":68},[58,69617,408],{"class":81},[58,69619,1082],{"class":68},[58,69621,5927],{"class":81},[58,69623,1082],{"class":68},[58,69625,5922],{"class":81},[58,69627,1743],{"class":68},[16,69629,69630,69631,69634,69635,499],{},"In the first example, ",[20,69632,69633],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[20,69636,1079],{},[16,69638,54776,69639,69642,69643,499],{},[20,69640,69641],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[20,69644,13903],{},[16,69646,69647,69648,499],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[374,69649,53239],{"href":53238},[44,69651,914],{"id":913},[16,69653,69654,69655,973],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[20,69656,10908],{},[28,69658,69659,69662,69665,69671,69675],{},[31,69660,69661],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[31,69663,69664],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[31,69666,35367,69667,6841,69669],{},[20,69668,10908],{},[20,69670,53700],{},[31,69672,6588,69673,60145],{},[20,69674,10908],{},[31,69676,69677],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[16,69679,69680],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[49,69682,69684],{"className":51,"code":69683,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[20,69685,69686,69696,69710,69724,69742],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69687,69688,69690,69692,69694],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69689,65],{"class":64},[58,69691,69],{"class":68},[58,69693,6473],{"class":239},[58,69695,243],{"class":68},[58,69697,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69699,65],{"class":64},[58,69701,69],{"class":68},[58,69703,9303],{"class":64},[58,69705,69],{"class":68},[58,69707,6473],{"class":239},[58,69709,85],{"class":68},[58,69711,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,69713,65],{"class":64},[58,69715,69],{"class":68},[58,69717,6473],{"class":239},[58,69719,499],{"class":68},[58,69721,24396],{"class":239},[58,69723,5324],{"class":68},[58,69725,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,69727,65],{"class":64},[58,69729,69],{"class":68},[58,69731,6473],{"class":239},[58,69733,499],{"class":68},[58,69735,24396],{"class":239},[58,69737,69],{"class":68},[58,69739,183],{"class":81},[58,69741,85],{"class":68},[58,69743,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,69745,65],{"class":64},[58,69747,69],{"class":68},[58,69749,1316],{"class":991},[58,69751,69],{"class":68},[58,69753,34007],{"class":239},[58,69755,85],{"class":68},[16,69757,69758],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[28,69760,69761,69767],{},[31,69762,69763,69766],{},[20,69764,69765],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[31,69768,69769,69772],{},[20,69770,69771],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[16,69774,69775,69776,69779],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[20,69777,69778],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[44,69781,1555],{"id":1554},[617,69783,69785],{"id":69784},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[16,69787,69788,69789,69791],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[20,69790,10908],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[617,69793,69795],{"id":69794},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[16,69797,69798,69800,69801,69803,69804,499],{},[20,69799,10908],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[20,69802,53700],{}," removes by value and returns ",[20,69805,1891],{},[617,69807,69809],{"id":69808},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[16,69811,69812,69813,69816],{},"Yes. For example, ",[20,69814,69815],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[617,69818,69820],{"id":69819},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[16,69822,69823,69824,69826],{},"Python raises ",[20,69825,68905],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[44,69828,1603],{"id":1602},[28,69830,69831,69835,69840,69845,69850],{},[31,69832,69833],{},[374,69834,53686],{"href":53238},[31,69836,69837],{},[374,69838,69839],{"href":53243},"Python list remove() method",[31,69841,69842],{},[374,69843,69844],{"href":57137},"Python list index() method",[31,69846,69847],{},[374,69848,69849],{"href":49149},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[31,69851,69852],{},[374,69853,67433],{"href":67432},[1635,69855,69856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":69858},[69859,69860,69861,69862,69863,69864,69865,69870,69876,69877,69883],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":68034,"depth":88,"text":68035},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":68344,"depth":88,"text":68345},{"id":68473,"depth":88,"text":68474},{"id":68744,"depth":88,"text":68745},{"id":68891,"depth":88,"text":68892,"children":69866},[69867,69868,69869],{"id":68895,"depth":104,"text":68896},{"id":69033,"depth":104,"text":69034},{"id":69216,"depth":104,"text":69217},{"id":69413,"depth":88,"text":69414,"children":69871},[69872,69874],{"id":69420,"depth":104,"text":69873},"Use pop() when:",{"id":69436,"depth":104,"text":69875},"Use remove() when:",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":69878},[69879,69880,69881,69882],{"id":69784,"depth":104,"text":69785},{"id":69794,"depth":104,"text":69795},{"id":69808,"depth":104,"text":69809},{"id":69819,"depth":104,"text":69820},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":67901,"description":69884},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":69891,"title":69892,"body":69893,"description":71679,"extension":1667,"meta":71680,"navigation":318,"path":71681,"seo":71682,"stem":71683,"__hash__":71684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":9,"value":69894,"toc":71661},[69895,69898,69903,69909,69911,69981,69987,69991,69996,70017,70020,70087,70089,70110,70118,70120,70139,70155,70157,70222,70224,70249,70251,70253,70318,70320,70345,70347,70361,70364,70417,70419,70440,70444,70452,70525,70527,70560,70566,70572,70663,70665,70690,70696,70785,70787,70811,70813,70817,70872,70874,70906,70909,70912,71006,71008,71041,71047,71053,71057,71064,71090,71094,71159,71161,71186,71190,71271,71273,71302,71307,71312,71318,71322,71329,71351,71355,71414,71416,71440,71449,71454,71456,71460,71489,71491,71566,71569,71583,71589,71591,71595,71598,71602,71607,71611,71620,71624,71632,71634,71658],[12,69896,69892],{"id":69897},"python-list-remove-method",[16,69899,18,69900,69902],{},[20,69901,53246],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[16,69904,69905,69906,69908],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[1855,69907,553],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[44,69910,47],{"id":46},[49,69912,69914],{"className":51,"code":69913,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,69915,69916,69948,69966,69976],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,69917,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,69919,5911],{"class":286},[58,69921,290],{"class":77},[58,69923,1730],{"class":68},[58,69925,940],{"class":939},[58,69927,2196],{"class":943},[58,69929,940],{"class":939},[58,69931,1082],{"class":68},[58,69933,1450],{"class":939},[58,69935,2205],{"class":943},[58,69937,940],{"class":939},[58,69939,1082],{"class":68},[58,69941,1450],{"class":939},[58,69943,31379],{"class":943},[58,69945,940],{"class":939},[58,69947,1743],{"class":68},[58,69949,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,69951,5942],{"class":286},[58,69953,499],{"class":68},[58,69955,32954],{"class":239},[58,69957,69],{"class":68},[58,69959,940],{"class":939},[58,69961,2205],{"class":943},[58,69963,940],{"class":939},[58,69965,243],{"class":68},[58,69967,69968,69970,69972,69974],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,69969,65],{"class":64},[58,69971,69],{"class":68},[58,69973,5942],{"class":239},[58,69975,243],{"class":68},[58,69977,69978],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,69979,69980],{"class":1773},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[16,69982,155,69983,69986],{},[20,69984,69985],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[44,69988,69990],{"id":69989},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[16,69992,69993,69995],{},[20,69994,53700],{}," is a list method that:",[28,69997,69998,70004,70009,70014],{},[31,69999,70000,70001,70003],{},"Deletes the ",[1855,70002,28065],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[31,70005,70006,70007],{},"Changes the original list ",[1855,70008,9476],{},[31,70010,10849,70011,70013],{},[1855,70012,2751],{}," return a new list",[31,70015,70016],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[16,70018,70019],{},"This is important for beginners:",[49,70021,70023],{"className":51,"code":70022,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[20,70024,70025,70045,70063,70067,70077],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70026,70027,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70028,1725],{"class":286},[58,70030,290],{"class":77},[58,70032,1730],{"class":68},[58,70034,1079],{"class":81},[58,70036,1082],{"class":68},[58,70038,1085],{"class":81},[58,70040,1082],{"class":68},[58,70042,531],{"class":81},[58,70044,1743],{"class":68},[58,70046,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70048,301],{"class":286},[58,70050,290],{"class":77},[58,70052,2381],{"class":286},[58,70054,499],{"class":68},[58,70056,32954],{"class":239},[58,70058,69],{"class":68},[58,70060,117],{"class":81},[58,70062,243],{"class":68},[58,70064,70065],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70066,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,70068,70069,70071,70073,70075],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,70070,65],{"class":64},[58,70072,69],{"class":68},[58,70074,1757],{"class":239},[58,70076,243],{"class":68},[58,70078,70079,70081,70083,70085],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,70080,65],{"class":64},[58,70082,69],{"class":68},[58,70084,340],{"class":239},[58,70086,243],{"class":68},[16,70088,132],{},[49,70090,70092],{"className":51,"code":70091,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[20,70093,70094,70106],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70095,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70097,2016],{"class":68},[58,70099,1079],{"class":81},[58,70101,1082],{"class":68},[58,70103,531],{"class":81},[58,70105,1743],{"class":68},[58,70107,70108],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70109,9952],{"class":1966},[16,70111,70112,70113,70115,70116,499],{},"The list changed, but ",[20,70114,53700],{}," itself returned ",[20,70117,1891],{},[44,70119,3556],{"id":3555},[49,70121,70123],{"className":51,"code":70122,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list.remove(value)\n",[20,70124,70125],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70126,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70128,6227],{"class":991},[58,70130,499],{"class":68},[58,70132,32954],{"class":239},[58,70134,69],{"class":68},[58,70136,553],{"class":239},[58,70138,243],{"class":68},[28,70140,70141,70146,70149],{},[31,70142,70143,70145],{},[20,70144,553],{}," is the item you want to delete",[31,70147,70148],{},"Python searches from left to right",[31,70150,70151,70152,70154],{},"Only the ",[1855,70153,28065],{}," matching value is removed",[16,70156,276],{},[49,70158,70160],{"className":51,"code":70159,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,70161,70162,70194,70212],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70163,70164,70166,70168,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70165,34252],{"class":286},[58,70167,290],{"class":77},[58,70169,1730],{"class":68},[58,70171,940],{"class":939},[58,70173,374],{"class":943},[58,70175,940],{"class":939},[58,70177,1082],{"class":68},[58,70179,1450],{"class":939},[58,70181,2882],{"class":943},[58,70183,940],{"class":939},[58,70185,1082],{"class":68},[58,70187,1450],{"class":939},[58,70189,7878],{"class":943},[58,70191,940],{"class":939},[58,70193,1743],{"class":68},[58,70195,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70197,34305],{"class":286},[58,70199,499],{"class":68},[58,70201,32954],{"class":239},[58,70203,69],{"class":68},[58,70205,940],{"class":939},[58,70207,2882],{"class":943},[58,70209,940],{"class":939},[58,70211,243],{"class":68},[58,70213,70214,70216,70218,70220],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70215,65],{"class":64},[58,70217,69],{"class":68},[58,70219,34305],{"class":239},[58,70221,243],{"class":68},[16,70223,132],{},[49,70225,70227],{"className":51,"code":70226,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['a', 'c']\n",[20,70228,70229],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70230,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243,70245,70247],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70232,2016],{"class":68},[58,70234,1396],{"class":939},[58,70236,374],{"class":943},[58,70238,1396],{"class":939},[58,70240,1082],{"class":68},[58,70242,1391],{"class":939},[58,70244,7878],{"class":943},[58,70246,1396],{"class":939},[58,70248,1743],{"class":68},[44,70250,3913],{"id":3912},[16,70252,63348],{},[49,70254,70256],{"className":51,"code":70255,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[20,70257,70258,70290,70308],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70259,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70261,11222],{"class":286},[58,70263,290],{"class":77},[58,70265,1730],{"class":68},[58,70267,940],{"class":939},[58,70269,11239],{"class":943},[58,70271,940],{"class":939},[58,70273,1082],{"class":68},[58,70275,1450],{"class":939},[58,70277,11256],{"class":943},[58,70279,940],{"class":939},[58,70281,1082],{"class":68},[58,70283,1450],{"class":939},[58,70285,15606],{"class":943},[58,70287,940],{"class":939},[58,70289,1743],{"class":68},[58,70291,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70293,15653],{"class":286},[58,70295,499],{"class":68},[58,70297,32954],{"class":239},[58,70299,69],{"class":68},[58,70301,940],{"class":939},[58,70303,11256],{"class":943},[58,70305,940],{"class":939},[58,70307,243],{"class":68},[58,70309,70310,70312,70314,70316],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70311,65],{"class":64},[58,70313,69],{"class":68},[58,70315,15653],{"class":239},[58,70317,243],{"class":68},[16,70319,132],{},[49,70321,70323],{"className":51,"code":70322,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['red', 'green']\n",[20,70324,70325],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70326,70327,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70328,2016],{"class":68},[58,70330,1396],{"class":939},[58,70332,11239],{"class":943},[58,70334,1396],{"class":939},[58,70336,1082],{"class":68},[58,70338,1391],{"class":939},[58,70340,15606],{"class":943},[58,70342,1396],{"class":939},[58,70344,1743],{"class":68},[16,70346,9827],{},[28,70348,70349,70352,70358],{},[31,70350,70351],{},"A list is created with three values",[31,70353,70354,70357],{},[20,70355,70356],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[31,70359,70360],{},"The list is printed after the change",[16,70362,70363],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[49,70365,70367],{"className":51,"code":70366,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[20,70368,70369,70393,70407],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70370,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389,70391],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70372,3186],{"class":286},[58,70374,290],{"class":77},[58,70376,1730],{"class":68},[58,70378,408],{"class":81},[58,70380,1082],{"class":68},[58,70382,5922],{"class":81},[58,70384,1082],{"class":68},[58,70386,5927],{"class":81},[58,70388,1082],{"class":68},[58,70390,49013],{"class":81},[58,70392,1743],{"class":68},[58,70394,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70396,14538],{"class":286},[58,70398,499],{"class":68},[58,70400,32954],{"class":239},[58,70402,69],{"class":68},[58,70404,35004],{"class":81},[58,70406,243],{"class":68},[58,70408,70409,70411,70413,70415],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70410,65],{"class":64},[58,70412,69],{"class":68},[58,70414,14538],{"class":239},[58,70416,243],{"class":68},[16,70418,132],{},[49,70420,70422],{"className":51,"code":70421,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[20,70423,70424],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70425,70426,70428,70430,70432,70434,70436,70438],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70427,2016],{"class":68},[58,70429,408],{"class":81},[58,70431,1082],{"class":68},[58,70433,5922],{"class":81},[58,70435,1082],{"class":68},[58,70437,49013],{"class":81},[58,70439,1743],{"class":68},[44,70441,70443],{"id":70442},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[16,70445,63338,70446,70448,70449,70451],{},[20,70447,53700],{}," deletes only the ",[1855,70450,28065],{}," one.",[49,70453,70455],{"className":51,"code":70454,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[20,70456,70457,70497,70515],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70458,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70460,5911],{"class":286},[58,70462,290],{"class":77},[58,70464,1730],{"class":68},[58,70466,940],{"class":939},[58,70468,2196],{"class":943},[58,70470,940],{"class":939},[58,70472,1082],{"class":68},[58,70474,1450],{"class":939},[58,70476,2205],{"class":943},[58,70478,940],{"class":939},[58,70480,1082],{"class":68},[58,70482,1450],{"class":939},[58,70484,2196],{"class":943},[58,70486,940],{"class":939},[58,70488,1082],{"class":68},[58,70490,1450],{"class":939},[58,70492,31379],{"class":943},[58,70494,940],{"class":939},[58,70496,1743],{"class":68},[58,70498,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511,70513],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70500,5942],{"class":286},[58,70502,499],{"class":68},[58,70504,32954],{"class":239},[58,70506,69],{"class":68},[58,70508,940],{"class":939},[58,70510,2196],{"class":943},[58,70512,940],{"class":939},[58,70514,243],{"class":68},[58,70516,70517,70519,70521,70523],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70518,65],{"class":64},[58,70520,69],{"class":68},[58,70522,5942],{"class":239},[58,70524,243],{"class":68},[16,70526,132],{},[49,70528,70530],{"className":51,"code":70529,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[20,70531,70532],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70533,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70535,2016],{"class":68},[58,70537,1396],{"class":939},[58,70539,2205],{"class":943},[58,70541,1396],{"class":939},[58,70543,1082],{"class":68},[58,70545,1391],{"class":939},[58,70547,2196],{"class":943},[58,70549,1396],{"class":939},[58,70551,1082],{"class":68},[58,70553,1391],{"class":939},[58,70555,31379],{"class":943},[58,70557,1396],{"class":939},[58,70559,1743],{"class":68},[16,70561,70562,70563,70565],{},"Only the first ",[20,70564,56005],{}," was removed.",[16,70567,70568,70569,70571],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[20,70570,53700],{}," again:",[49,70573,70575],{"className":51,"code":70574,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[20,70576,70577,70617,70635,70653],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70578,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613,70615],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70580,5911],{"class":286},[58,70582,290],{"class":77},[58,70584,1730],{"class":68},[58,70586,940],{"class":939},[58,70588,2196],{"class":943},[58,70590,940],{"class":939},[58,70592,1082],{"class":68},[58,70594,1450],{"class":939},[58,70596,2205],{"class":943},[58,70598,940],{"class":939},[58,70600,1082],{"class":68},[58,70602,1450],{"class":939},[58,70604,2196],{"class":943},[58,70606,940],{"class":939},[58,70608,1082],{"class":68},[58,70610,1450],{"class":939},[58,70612,31379],{"class":943},[58,70614,940],{"class":939},[58,70616,1743],{"class":68},[58,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70620,5942],{"class":286},[58,70622,499],{"class":68},[58,70624,32954],{"class":239},[58,70626,69],{"class":68},[58,70628,940],{"class":939},[58,70630,2196],{"class":943},[58,70632,940],{"class":939},[58,70634,243],{"class":68},[58,70636,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70638,5942],{"class":286},[58,70640,499],{"class":68},[58,70642,32954],{"class":239},[58,70644,69],{"class":68},[58,70646,940],{"class":939},[58,70648,2196],{"class":943},[58,70650,940],{"class":939},[58,70652,243],{"class":68},[58,70654,70655,70657,70659,70661],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,70656,65],{"class":64},[58,70658,69],{"class":68},[58,70660,5942],{"class":239},[58,70662,243],{"class":68},[16,70664,132],{},[49,70666,70668],{"className":51,"code":70667,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[20,70669,70670],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70671,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70673,2016],{"class":68},[58,70675,1396],{"class":939},[58,70677,2205],{"class":943},[58,70679,1396],{"class":939},[58,70681,1082],{"class":68},[58,70683,1391],{"class":939},[58,70685,31379],{"class":943},[58,70687,1396],{"class":939},[58,70689,1743],{"class":68},[16,70691,70692,70693,70695],{},"If you need to remove ",[1855,70694,1827],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[49,70697,70699],{"className":51,"code":70698,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[20,70700,70701,70741,70775],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70702,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70704,5911],{"class":286},[58,70706,290],{"class":77},[58,70708,1730],{"class":68},[58,70710,940],{"class":939},[58,70712,2196],{"class":943},[58,70714,940],{"class":939},[58,70716,1082],{"class":68},[58,70718,1450],{"class":939},[58,70720,2205],{"class":943},[58,70722,940],{"class":939},[58,70724,1082],{"class":68},[58,70726,1450],{"class":939},[58,70728,2196],{"class":943},[58,70730,940],{"class":939},[58,70732,1082],{"class":68},[58,70734,1450],{"class":939},[58,70736,31379],{"class":943},[58,70738,940],{"class":939},[58,70740,1743],{"class":68},[58,70742,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757,70760,70762,70764,70767,70769,70771,70773],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70744,5911],{"class":286},[58,70746,290],{"class":77},[58,70748,1730],{"class":68},[58,70750,26694],{"class":286},[58,70752,4084],{"class":1991},[58,70754,4087],{"class":286},[58,70756,1998],{"class":1991},[58,70758,70759],{"class":286}," items ",[58,70761,5127],{"class":1991},[58,70763,4087],{"class":286},[58,70765,70766],{"class":77},"!=",[58,70768,1450],{"class":939},[58,70770,2196],{"class":943},[58,70772,940],{"class":939},[58,70774,1743],{"class":68},[58,70776,70777,70779,70781,70783],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70778,65],{"class":64},[58,70780,69],{"class":68},[58,70782,5942],{"class":239},[58,70784,243],{"class":68},[16,70786,132],{},[49,70788,70789],{"className":51,"code":70667,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,70790,70791],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70792,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805,70807,70809],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70794,2016],{"class":68},[58,70796,1396],{"class":939},[58,70798,2205],{"class":943},[58,70800,1396],{"class":939},[58,70802,1082],{"class":68},[58,70804,1391],{"class":939},[58,70806,31379],{"class":943},[58,70808,1396],{"class":939},[58,70810,1743],{"class":68},[44,70812,63804],{"id":63803},[16,70814,63807,70815,499],{},[20,70816,38869],{},[49,70818,70820],{"className":51,"code":70819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[20,70821,70822,70854],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70823,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850,70852],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70825,5911],{"class":286},[58,70827,290],{"class":77},[58,70829,1730],{"class":68},[58,70831,940],{"class":939},[58,70833,2196],{"class":943},[58,70835,940],{"class":939},[58,70837,1082],{"class":68},[58,70839,1450],{"class":939},[58,70841,2205],{"class":943},[58,70843,940],{"class":939},[58,70845,1082],{"class":68},[58,70847,1450],{"class":939},[58,70849,31379],{"class":943},[58,70851,940],{"class":939},[58,70853,1743],{"class":68},[58,70855,70856,70858,70860,70862,70864,70866,70868,70870],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70857,5942],{"class":286},[58,70859,499],{"class":68},[58,70861,32954],{"class":239},[58,70863,69],{"class":68},[58,70865,940],{"class":939},[58,70867,20686],{"class":943},[58,70869,940],{"class":939},[58,70871,243],{"class":68},[16,70873,132],{},[49,70875,70877],{"className":51,"code":70876,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[20,70878,70879],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70880,70881,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70882,38869],{"class":991},[58,70884,973],{"class":68},[58,70886,20713],{"class":991},[58,70888,499],{"class":68},[58,70890,32954],{"class":239},[58,70892,69],{"class":68},[58,70894,240],{"class":239},[58,70896,14601],{"class":68},[58,70898,1995],{"class":286},[58,70900,2751],{"class":77},[58,70902,19326],{"class":77},[58,70904,70905],{"class":991}," list\n",[16,70907,70908],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[16,70910,70911],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[49,70913,70915],{"className":51,"code":70914,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,70916,70917,70949,70961,70965,70977,70992,70996],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,70918,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,70920,5911],{"class":286},[58,70922,290],{"class":77},[58,70924,1730],{"class":68},[58,70926,940],{"class":939},[58,70928,2196],{"class":943},[58,70930,940],{"class":939},[58,70932,1082],{"class":68},[58,70934,1450],{"class":939},[58,70936,2205],{"class":943},[58,70938,940],{"class":939},[58,70940,1082],{"class":68},[58,70942,1450],{"class":939},[58,70944,31379],{"class":943},[58,70946,940],{"class":939},[58,70948,1743],{"class":68},[58,70950,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,70952,526],{"class":286},[58,70954,290],{"class":77},[58,70956,1450],{"class":939},[58,70958,20686],{"class":943},[58,70960,1456],{"class":939},[58,70962,70963],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,70964,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,70966,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,70968,5127],{"class":1991},[58,70970,19737],{"class":286},[58,70972,1998],{"class":77},[58,70974,4092],{"class":286},[58,70976,4521],{"class":68},[58,70978,70979,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,70980,70981],{"class":286},"    items",[58,70983,499],{"class":68},[58,70985,32954],{"class":239},[58,70987,69],{"class":68},[58,70989,553],{"class":239},[58,70991,243],{"class":68},[58,70993,70994],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,70995,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,70997,70998,71000,71002,71004],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,70999,65],{"class":64},[58,71001,69],{"class":68},[58,71003,5942],{"class":239},[58,71005,243],{"class":68},[16,71007,132],{},[49,71009,71011],{"className":51,"code":71010,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[20,71012,71013],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71014,71015,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71016,2016],{"class":68},[58,71018,1396],{"class":939},[58,71020,2196],{"class":943},[58,71022,1396],{"class":939},[58,71024,1082],{"class":68},[58,71026,1391],{"class":939},[58,71028,2205],{"class":943},[58,71030,1396],{"class":939},[58,71032,1082],{"class":68},[58,71034,1391],{"class":939},[58,71036,31379],{"class":943},[58,71038,1396],{"class":939},[58,71040,1743],{"class":68},[16,71042,71043,71044,71046],{},"This avoids the error because ",[20,71045,53700],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[16,71048,71049,71050,499],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[374,71051,64013],{"href":71052},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[44,71054,71056],{"id":71055},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[16,71058,71059,2512,71061,71063],{},[20,71060,53700],{},[20,71062,10908],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[28,71065,71066,71073,71079,71085],{},[31,71067,71068,71070,71071],{},[20,71069,53700],{}," deletes by ",[1855,71072,553],{},[31,71074,71075,71070,71077],{},[20,71076,10908],{},[1855,71078,34007],{},[31,71080,71081,475,71083],{},[20,71082,53700],{},[20,71084,1891],{},[31,71086,71087,71089],{},[20,71088,10908],{}," returns the removed item",[16,71091,44208,71092,973],{},[20,71093,53700],{},[49,71095,71097],{"className":51,"code":71096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[20,71098,71099,71131,71149],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71100,71101,71103,71105,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71102,5911],{"class":286},[58,71104,290],{"class":77},[58,71106,1730],{"class":68},[58,71108,940],{"class":939},[58,71110,2196],{"class":943},[58,71112,940],{"class":939},[58,71114,1082],{"class":68},[58,71116,1450],{"class":939},[58,71118,2205],{"class":943},[58,71120,940],{"class":939},[58,71122,1082],{"class":68},[58,71124,1450],{"class":939},[58,71126,31379],{"class":943},[58,71128,940],{"class":939},[58,71130,1743],{"class":68},[58,71132,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71134,5942],{"class":286},[58,71136,499],{"class":68},[58,71138,32954],{"class":239},[58,71140,69],{"class":68},[58,71142,940],{"class":939},[58,71144,2205],{"class":943},[58,71146,940],{"class":939},[58,71148,243],{"class":68},[58,71150,71151,71153,71155,71157],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,71152,65],{"class":64},[58,71154,69],{"class":68},[58,71156,5942],{"class":239},[58,71158,243],{"class":68},[16,71160,132],{},[49,71162,71164],{"className":51,"code":71163,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71165,71166],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71167,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71169,2016],{"class":68},[58,71171,1396],{"class":939},[58,71173,2196],{"class":943},[58,71175,1396],{"class":939},[58,71177,1082],{"class":68},[58,71179,1391],{"class":939},[58,71181,31379],{"class":943},[58,71183,1396],{"class":939},[58,71185,1743],{"class":68},[16,71187,44208,71188,973],{},[20,71189,10908],{},[49,71191,71193],{"className":51,"code":71192,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[20,71194,71195,71227,71246,71250,71260],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71196,71197,71199,71201,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211,71213,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71198,5911],{"class":286},[58,71200,290],{"class":77},[58,71202,1730],{"class":68},[58,71204,940],{"class":939},[58,71206,2196],{"class":943},[58,71208,940],{"class":939},[58,71210,1082],{"class":68},[58,71212,1450],{"class":939},[58,71214,2205],{"class":943},[58,71216,940],{"class":939},[58,71218,1082],{"class":68},[58,71220,1450],{"class":939},[58,71222,31379],{"class":943},[58,71224,940],{"class":939},[58,71226,1743],{"class":68},[58,71228,71229,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71230,71231],{"class":286},"removed_item ",[58,71233,290],{"class":77},[58,71235,4092],{"class":286},[58,71237,499],{"class":68},[58,71239,24396],{"class":239},[58,71241,69],{"class":68},[58,71243,1079],{"class":81},[58,71245,243],{"class":68},[58,71247,71248],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,71249,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,71251,71252,71254,71256,71258],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,71253,65],{"class":64},[58,71255,69],{"class":68},[58,71257,5942],{"class":239},[58,71259,243],{"class":68},[58,71261,71262,71264,71266,71269],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,71263,65],{"class":64},[58,71265,69],{"class":68},[58,71267,71268],{"class":239},"removed_item",[58,71270,243],{"class":68},[16,71272,132],{},[49,71274,71276],{"className":51,"code":71275,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[20,71277,71278,71298],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71279,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71281,2016],{"class":68},[58,71283,1396],{"class":939},[58,71285,2196],{"class":943},[58,71287,1396],{"class":939},[58,71289,1082],{"class":68},[58,71291,1391],{"class":939},[58,71293,31379],{"class":943},[58,71295,1396],{"class":939},[58,71297,1743],{"class":68},[58,71299,71300],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71301,68580],{"class":286},[16,71303,155,71304,71306],{},[20,71305,53700],{}," when you know the item value.",[16,71308,155,71309,71311],{},[20,71310,10908],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[16,71313,71314,71315,499],{},"For more detail, see the ",[374,71316,71317],{"href":53250},"Python list pop() method",[44,71319,71321],{"id":71320},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[16,71323,71324,2512,71326,71328],{},[20,71325,53700],{},[20,71327,25180],{}," are also different.",[28,71330,71331,71336,71341,71346],{},[31,71332,71333,71335],{},[20,71334,53700],{}," deletes by matching value",[31,71337,71338,71340],{},[20,71339,25180],{}," deletes by index or slice",[31,71342,155,71343,71345],{},[20,71344,25180],{}," when you know the position",[31,71347,155,71348,71350],{},[20,71349,53700],{}," when you know the item value",[16,71352,44208,71353,973],{},[20,71354,25180],{},[49,71356,71358],{"className":51,"code":71357,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[20,71359,71360,71392,71404],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71361,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71363,5911],{"class":286},[58,71365,290],{"class":77},[58,71367,1730],{"class":68},[58,71369,940],{"class":939},[58,71371,2196],{"class":943},[58,71373,940],{"class":939},[58,71375,1082],{"class":68},[58,71377,1450],{"class":939},[58,71379,2205],{"class":943},[58,71381,940],{"class":939},[58,71383,1082],{"class":68},[58,71385,1450],{"class":939},[58,71387,31379],{"class":943},[58,71389,940],{"class":939},[58,71391,1743],{"class":68},[58,71393,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71395,25180],{"class":1991},[58,71397,4092],{"class":286},[58,71399,2016],{"class":68},[58,71401,1079],{"class":81},[58,71403,1743],{"class":68},[58,71405,71406,71408,71410,71412],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,71407,65],{"class":64},[58,71409,69],{"class":68},[58,71411,5942],{"class":239},[58,71413,243],{"class":68},[16,71415,132],{},[49,71417,71418],{"className":51,"code":71163,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,71419,71420],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71421,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71423,2016],{"class":68},[58,71425,1396],{"class":939},[58,71427,2196],{"class":943},[58,71429,1396],{"class":939},[58,71431,1082],{"class":68},[58,71433,1391],{"class":939},[58,71435,31379],{"class":943},[58,71437,1396],{"class":939},[58,71439,1743],{"class":68},[16,71441,71442,71443,71445,71446,71448],{},"This removed the item at index ",[20,71444,1079],{},", not the value ",[20,71447,63448],{}," directly.",[16,71450,71451,71452,499],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[374,71453,53239],{"href":53238},[44,71455,914],{"id":913},[16,71457,19364,71458,973],{},[20,71459,53700],{},[28,71461,71462,71465,71470,71477,71486],{},[31,71463,71464],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[31,71466,6588,71467,71469],{},[20,71468,53700],{}," to delete all matching values",[31,71471,10739,71472,71474,71475],{},[20,71473,53700],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[20,71476,1891],{},[31,71478,6552,71479,42797,71481,966,71483,71485],{},[20,71480,53700],{},[20,71482,10908],{},[20,71484,25180],{}," would be a better fit",[31,71487,71488],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[16,71490,69680],{},[49,71492,71494],{"className":51,"code":71493,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[20,71495,71496,71506,71520,71538,71552],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71497,71498,71500,71502,71504],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71499,65],{"class":64},[58,71501,69],{"class":68},[58,71503,6473],{"class":239},[58,71505,243],{"class":68},[58,71507,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516,71518],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71509,65],{"class":64},[58,71511,69],{"class":68},[58,71513,526],{"class":239},[58,71515,1998],{"class":1991},[58,71517,6530],{"class":239},[58,71519,243],{"class":68},[58,71521,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,71523,65],{"class":64},[58,71525,69],{"class":68},[58,71527,6473],{"class":239},[58,71529,499],{"class":68},[58,71531,39425],{"class":239},[58,71533,69],{"class":68},[58,71535,553],{"class":239},[58,71537,85],{"class":68},[58,71539,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,71541,65],{"class":64},[58,71543,69],{"class":68},[58,71545,1316],{"class":991},[58,71547,69],{"class":68},[58,71549,6473],{"class":239},[58,71551,85],{"class":68},[58,71553,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,71555,30310],{"class":64},[58,71557,69],{"class":68},[58,71559,6227],{"class":991},[58,71561,499],{"class":68},[58,71563,32954],{"class":22904},[58,71565,243],{"class":68},[16,71567,71568],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[28,71570,71571,71574,71577,71580],{},[31,71572,71573],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[31,71575,71576],{},"How many times does it appear?",[31,71578,71579],{},"Am I working with a list?",[31,71581,71582],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[16,71584,71585,71586,71588],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[374,71587,69844],{"href":57137}," may also help.",[44,71590,1555],{"id":1554},[617,71592,71594],{"id":71593},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[16,71596,71597],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[617,71599,71601],{"id":71600},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[16,71603,3271,71604,71606],{},[20,71605,1891],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[617,71608,71610],{"id":71609},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[16,71612,71613,71614,71617,71618,499],{},"Check with ",[20,71615,71616],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[20,71619,53700],{},[617,71621,71623],{"id":71622},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[16,71625,155,71626,71628,71629,71631],{},[20,71627,53700],{}," for a value and ",[20,71630,10908],{}," for an index.",[44,71633,1603],{"id":1602},[28,71635,71636,71640,71644,71648,71652],{},[31,71637,71638],{},[374,71639,53686],{"href":53238},[31,71641,71642],{},[374,71643,71317],{"href":53250},[31,71645,71646],{},[374,71647,69844],{"href":57137},[31,71649,71650],{},[374,71651,64013],{"href":71052},[31,71653,71654],{},[374,71655,71657],{"href":71656},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1635,71659,71660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":71662},[71663,71664,71665,71666,71667,71668,71669,71670,71671,71672,71678],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":69989,"depth":88,"text":69990},{"id":3555,"depth":88,"text":3556},{"id":3912,"depth":88,"text":3913},{"id":70442,"depth":88,"text":70443},{"id":63803,"depth":88,"text":63804},{"id":71055,"depth":88,"text":71056},{"id":71320,"depth":88,"text":71321},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":71673},[71674,71675,71676,71677],{"id":71593,"depth":104,"text":71594},{"id":71600,"depth":104,"text":71601},{"id":71609,"depth":104,"text":71610},{"id":71622,"depth":104,"text":71623},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":69892,"description":71679},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":71686,"title":71687,"body":71688,"description":73579,"extension":1667,"meta":73580,"navigation":318,"path":73581,"seo":73582,"stem":73583,"__hash__":73584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":9,"value":71689,"toc":73549},[71690,71696,71702,71705,71716,71718,71767,71772,71777,71781,71796,71798,71863,71865,71906,71908,71910,71925,71927,71938,71940,71997,71999,72032,72034,72037,72086,72088,72113,72115,72131,72137,72144,72205,72207,72240,72245,72248,72328,72330,72391,72397,72401,72404,72468,72470,72495,72497,72517,72519,72568,72570,72591,72600,72603,72607,72612,72657,72659,72680,72686,72691,72699,72763,72765,72802,72808,72812,72819,72884,72886,72923,72927,72944,72954,72959,72964,72975,72982,72984,72990,73013,73016,73043,73048,73051,73152,73154,73209,73212,73319,73321,73392,73395,73421,73423,73428,73432,73440,73445,73450,73456,73461,73465,73468,73485,73488,73508,73516,73518,73546],[12,71691,52513,71693,9464],{"id":71692},"python-list-reverse-method",[20,71694,71695],{},"reverse()",[16,71697,71698,71701],{},[20,71699,71700],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[16,71703,71704],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[16,71706,71707,71708,71710,71711,71715],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[20,71709,71695],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[374,71712,71714],{"href":71713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[44,71717,1715],{"id":1714},[49,71719,71721],{"className":51,"code":71720,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,71722,71723,71743,71754],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71724,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71726,1725],{"class":286},[58,71728,290],{"class":77},[58,71730,1730],{"class":68},[58,71732,1079],{"class":81},[58,71734,1082],{"class":68},[58,71736,1085],{"class":81},[58,71738,1082],{"class":68},[58,71740,531],{"class":81},[58,71742,1743],{"class":68},[58,71744,71745,71747,71749,71752],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71746,1757],{"class":286},[58,71748,499],{"class":68},[58,71750,71751],{"class":239},"reverse",[58,71753,6779],{"class":68},[58,71755,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,71757,65],{"class":64},[58,71759,69],{"class":68},[58,71761,1757],{"class":239},[58,71763,1770],{"class":68},[58,71765,71766],{"class":1773},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[16,71768,71769,71771],{},[20,71770,71695],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[44,71773,1788,71775,1791],{"id":71774},"what-listreverse-does",[20,71776,71700],{},[16,71778,71779,973],{},[20,71780,71700],{},[28,71782,71783,71786,71789,71793],{},[31,71784,71785],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[31,71787,71788],{},"Changes the original list directly",[31,71790,9566,71791],{},[20,71792,1891],{},[31,71794,71795],{},"Works only on list objects",[16,71797,276],{},[49,71799,71801],{"className":51,"code":71800,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[20,71802,71803,71843,71853],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71804,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71806,34252],{"class":286},[58,71808,290],{"class":77},[58,71810,1730],{"class":68},[58,71812,940],{"class":939},[58,71814,374],{"class":943},[58,71816,940],{"class":939},[58,71818,1082],{"class":68},[58,71820,1450],{"class":939},[58,71822,2882],{"class":943},[58,71824,940],{"class":939},[58,71826,1082],{"class":68},[58,71828,1450],{"class":939},[58,71830,7878],{"class":943},[58,71832,940],{"class":939},[58,71834,1082],{"class":68},[58,71836,1450],{"class":939},[58,71838,16919],{"class":943},[58,71840,940],{"class":939},[58,71842,1743],{"class":68},[58,71844,71845,71847,71849,71851],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71846,34305],{"class":286},[58,71848,499],{"class":68},[58,71850,71751],{"class":239},[58,71852,6779],{"class":68},[58,71854,71855,71857,71859,71861],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,71856,65],{"class":64},[58,71858,69],{"class":68},[58,71860,34305],{"class":239},[58,71862,243],{"class":68},[16,71864,132],{},[49,71866,71868],{"className":51,"code":71867,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[20,71869,71870],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71871,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71873,2016],{"class":68},[58,71875,1396],{"class":939},[58,71877,16919],{"class":943},[58,71879,1396],{"class":939},[58,71881,1082],{"class":68},[58,71883,1391],{"class":939},[58,71885,7878],{"class":943},[58,71887,1396],{"class":939},[58,71889,1082],{"class":68},[58,71891,1391],{"class":939},[58,71893,2882],{"class":943},[58,71895,1396],{"class":939},[58,71897,1082],{"class":68},[58,71899,1391],{"class":939},[58,71901,374],{"class":943},[58,71903,1396],{"class":939},[58,71905,1743],{"class":68},[44,71907,222],{"id":221},[16,71909,225],{},[49,71911,71913],{"className":51,"code":71912,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.reverse()\n",[20,71914,71915],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71916,71917,71919,71921,71923],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71918,6473],{"class":286},[58,71920,499],{"class":68},[58,71922,71751],{"class":239},[58,71924,6779],{"class":68},[16,71926,11198],{},[28,71928,71929,71932,71935],{},[31,71930,71931],{},"No arguments are needed",[31,71933,71934],{},"You call it on an existing list",[31,71936,71937],{},"It only works on lists",[16,71939,276],{},[49,71941,71943],{"className":51,"code":71942,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[20,71944,71945,71977,71987],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,71946,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,71948,11222],{"class":286},[58,71950,290],{"class":77},[58,71952,1730],{"class":68},[58,71954,940],{"class":939},[58,71956,11239],{"class":943},[58,71958,940],{"class":939},[58,71960,1082],{"class":68},[58,71962,1450],{"class":939},[58,71964,15606],{"class":943},[58,71966,940],{"class":939},[58,71968,1082],{"class":68},[58,71970,1450],{"class":939},[58,71972,11256],{"class":943},[58,71974,940],{"class":939},[58,71976,1743],{"class":68},[58,71978,71979,71981,71983,71985],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,71980,15653],{"class":286},[58,71982,499],{"class":68},[58,71984,71751],{"class":239},[58,71986,6779],{"class":68},[58,71988,71989,71991,71993,71995],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,71990,65],{"class":64},[58,71992,69],{"class":68},[58,71994,15653],{"class":239},[58,71996,243],{"class":68},[16,71998,132],{},[49,72000,72002],{"className":51,"code":72001,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[20,72003,72004],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72005,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72007,2016],{"class":68},[58,72009,1396],{"class":939},[58,72011,11256],{"class":943},[58,72013,1396],{"class":939},[58,72015,1082],{"class":68},[58,72017,1391],{"class":939},[58,72019,15606],{"class":943},[58,72021,1396],{"class":939},[58,72023,1082],{"class":68},[58,72025,1391],{"class":939},[58,72027,11239],{"class":943},[58,72029,1396],{"class":939},[58,72031,1743],{"class":68},[44,72033,9618],{"id":9617},[16,72035,72036],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[49,72038,72040],{"className":51,"code":72039,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,72041,72042,72066,72076],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72043,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72045,1725],{"class":286},[58,72047,290],{"class":77},[58,72049,1730],{"class":68},[58,72051,408],{"class":81},[58,72053,1082],{"class":68},[58,72055,5922],{"class":81},[58,72057,1082],{"class":68},[58,72059,5927],{"class":81},[58,72061,1082],{"class":68},[58,72063,49013],{"class":81},[58,72065,1743],{"class":68},[58,72067,72068,72070,72072,72074],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72069,1757],{"class":286},[58,72071,499],{"class":68},[58,72073,71751],{"class":239},[58,72075,6779],{"class":68},[58,72077,72078,72080,72082,72084],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72079,65],{"class":64},[58,72081,69],{"class":68},[58,72083,1757],{"class":239},[58,72085,243],{"class":68},[16,72087,132],{},[49,72089,72091],{"className":51,"code":72090,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,72092,72093],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72094,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72096,2016],{"class":68},[58,72098,54864],{"class":81},[58,72100,1082],{"class":68},[58,72102,5927],{"class":81},[58,72104,1082],{"class":68},[58,72106,5922],{"class":81},[58,72108,1082],{"class":68},[58,72110,4131],{"class":81},[58,72112,1743],{"class":68},[16,72114,9827],{},[28,72116,72117,72123,72128],{},[31,72118,72119,72120],{},"The list starts as ",[20,72121,72122],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[31,72124,72125,72127],{},[20,72126,71695],{}," flips the order",[31,72129,72130],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[44,72132,72134,72136],{"id":72133},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[20,72135,71695],{}," changes the original list",[16,72138,72139,72140,72143],{},"This method is ",[1855,72141,72142],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[49,72145,72147],{"className":51,"code":72146,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[20,72148,72149,72181,72191,72195],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72150,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72152,34401],{"class":286},[58,72154,290],{"class":77},[58,72156,1730],{"class":68},[58,72158,940],{"class":939},[58,72160,2196],{"class":943},[58,72162,940],{"class":939},[58,72164,1082],{"class":68},[58,72166,1450],{"class":939},[58,72168,2205],{"class":943},[58,72170,940],{"class":939},[58,72172,1082],{"class":68},[58,72174,1450],{"class":939},[58,72176,2214],{"class":943},[58,72178,940],{"class":939},[58,72180,1743],{"class":68},[58,72182,72183,72185,72187,72189],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72184,34453],{"class":286},[58,72186,499],{"class":68},[58,72188,71751],{"class":239},[58,72190,6779],{"class":68},[58,72192,72193],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72194,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,72196,72197,72199,72201,72203],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,72198,65],{"class":64},[58,72200,69],{"class":68},[58,72202,34453],{"class":239},[58,72204,243],{"class":68},[16,72206,132],{},[49,72208,72210],{"className":51,"code":72209,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[20,72211,72212],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72213,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72215,2016],{"class":68},[58,72217,1396],{"class":939},[58,72219,2214],{"class":943},[58,72221,1396],{"class":939},[58,72223,1082],{"class":68},[58,72225,1391],{"class":939},[58,72227,2205],{"class":943},[58,72229,1396],{"class":939},[58,72231,1082],{"class":68},[58,72233,1391],{"class":939},[58,72235,2196],{"class":943},[58,72237,1396],{"class":939},[58,72239,1743],{"class":68},[16,72241,155,72242,72244],{},[20,72243,71695],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[16,72246,72247],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[49,72249,72251],{"className":51,"code":72250,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[20,72252,72253,72285,72303,72307,72317],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72254,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72256,34401],{"class":286},[58,72258,290],{"class":77},[58,72260,1730],{"class":68},[58,72262,940],{"class":939},[58,72264,2196],{"class":943},[58,72266,940],{"class":939},[58,72268,1082],{"class":68},[58,72270,1450],{"class":939},[58,72272,2205],{"class":943},[58,72274,940],{"class":939},[58,72276,1082],{"class":68},[58,72278,1450],{"class":939},[58,72280,2214],{"class":943},[58,72282,940],{"class":939},[58,72284,1743],{"class":68},[58,72286,72287,72290,72292,72294,72297,72299,72301],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72288,72289],{"class":286},"reversed_fruits ",[58,72291,290],{"class":77},[58,72293,51022],{"class":286},[58,72295,72296],{"class":68},"[::",[58,72298,78],{"class":77},[58,72300,1079],{"class":81},[58,72302,1743],{"class":68},[58,72304,72305],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72306,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,72308,72309,72311,72313,72315],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,72310,65],{"class":64},[58,72312,69],{"class":68},[58,72314,34453],{"class":239},[58,72316,243],{"class":68},[58,72318,72319,72321,72323,72326],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,72320,65],{"class":64},[58,72322,69],{"class":68},[58,72324,72325],{"class":239},"reversed_fruits",[58,72327,243],{"class":68},[16,72329,132],{},[49,72331,72333],{"className":51,"code":72332,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[20,72334,72335,72363],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72336,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72338,2016],{"class":68},[58,72340,1396],{"class":939},[58,72342,2196],{"class":943},[58,72344,1396],{"class":939},[58,72346,1082],{"class":68},[58,72348,1391],{"class":939},[58,72350,2205],{"class":943},[58,72352,1396],{"class":939},[58,72354,1082],{"class":68},[58,72356,1391],{"class":939},[58,72358,2214],{"class":943},[58,72360,1396],{"class":939},[58,72362,1743],{"class":68},[58,72364,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72366,2016],{"class":68},[58,72368,1396],{"class":939},[58,72370,2214],{"class":943},[58,72372,1396],{"class":939},[58,72374,1082],{"class":68},[58,72376,1391],{"class":939},[58,72378,2205],{"class":943},[58,72380,1396],{"class":939},[58,72382,1082],{"class":68},[58,72384,1391],{"class":939},[58,72386,2196],{"class":943},[58,72388,1396],{"class":939},[58,72390,1743],{"class":68},[16,72392,72393,72394,499],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[374,72395,72396],{"href":71713},"Python list slicing explained",[44,72398,72400],{"id":72399},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[16,72402,72403],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[49,72405,72407],{"className":51,"code":72406,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,72408,72409,72429,72443,72447,72458],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72410,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72412,1725],{"class":286},[58,72414,290],{"class":77},[58,72416,1730],{"class":68},[58,72418,1079],{"class":81},[58,72420,1082],{"class":68},[58,72422,1085],{"class":81},[58,72424,1082],{"class":68},[58,72426,531],{"class":81},[58,72428,1743],{"class":68},[58,72430,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72432,54061],{"class":286},[58,72434,290],{"class":77},[58,72436,2381],{"class":286},[58,72438,499],{"class":68},[58,72440,71751],{"class":239},[58,72442,6779],{"class":68},[58,72444,72445],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72446,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,72448,72449,72451,72453,72456],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,72450,65],{"class":64},[58,72452,69],{"class":68},[58,72454,72455],{"class":239},"new_list",[58,72457,243],{"class":68},[58,72459,72460,72462,72464,72466],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,72461,65],{"class":64},[58,72463,69],{"class":68},[58,72465,1757],{"class":239},[58,72467,243],{"class":68},[16,72469,132],{},[49,72471,72473],{"className":51,"code":72472,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72474,72475,72479],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72476,72477],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72478,9952],{"class":1966},[58,72480,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72482,2016],{"class":68},[58,72484,123],{"class":81},[58,72486,1082],{"class":68},[58,72488,1085],{"class":81},[58,72490,1082],{"class":68},[58,72492,3623],{"class":81},[58,72494,1743],{"class":68},[16,72496,10044],{},[28,72498,72499,72507,72511],{},[31,72500,72501,72503,72504,72506],{},[20,72502,71695],{}," changes ",[20,72505,1757],{}," directly",[31,72508,39071,72509,70013],{},[1855,72510,2751],{},[31,72512,51824,72513,40321,72515],{},[20,72514,72455],{},[20,72516,1891],{},[16,72518,60071],{},[49,72520,72522],{"className":51,"code":72521,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,72523,72524,72544,72554,72558],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72525,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72527,1725],{"class":286},[58,72529,290],{"class":77},[58,72531,1730],{"class":68},[58,72533,1079],{"class":81},[58,72535,1082],{"class":68},[58,72537,1085],{"class":81},[58,72539,1082],{"class":68},[58,72541,531],{"class":81},[58,72543,1743],{"class":68},[58,72545,72546,72548,72550,72552],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72547,1757],{"class":286},[58,72549,499],{"class":68},[58,72551,71751],{"class":239},[58,72553,6779],{"class":68},[58,72555,72556],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72557,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,72559,72560,72562,72564,72566],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,72561,65],{"class":64},[58,72563,69],{"class":68},[58,72565,1757],{"class":239},[58,72567,243],{"class":68},[16,72569,132],{},[49,72571,72573],{"className":51,"code":72572,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72574,72575],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72576,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72578,2016],{"class":68},[58,72580,123],{"class":81},[58,72582,1082],{"class":68},[58,72584,1085],{"class":81},[58,72586,1082],{"class":68},[58,72588,3623],{"class":81},[58,72590,1743],{"class":68},[44,72592,72594,8725,72596,72599],{"id":72593},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[20,72595,71695],{},[20,72597,72598],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[16,72601,72602],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[617,72604,72605],{"id":71751},[20,72606,71695],{},[16,72608,72609,72611],{},[20,72610,71695],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[49,72613,72615],{"className":51,"code":72614,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,72616,72617,72637,72647],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72618,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72620,1725],{"class":286},[58,72622,290],{"class":77},[58,72624,1730],{"class":68},[58,72626,123],{"class":81},[58,72628,1082],{"class":68},[58,72630,3623],{"class":81},[58,72632,1082],{"class":68},[58,72634,1085],{"class":81},[58,72636,1743],{"class":68},[58,72638,72639,72641,72643,72645],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72640,1757],{"class":286},[58,72642,499],{"class":68},[58,72644,71751],{"class":239},[58,72646,6779],{"class":68},[58,72648,72649,72651,72653,72655],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72650,65],{"class":64},[58,72652,69],{"class":68},[58,72654,1757],{"class":239},[58,72656,243],{"class":68},[16,72658,132],{},[49,72660,72662],{"className":51,"code":72661,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[20,72663,72664],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72665,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72667,2016],{"class":68},[58,72669,117],{"class":81},[58,72671,1082],{"class":68},[58,72673,3623],{"class":81},[58,72675,1082],{"class":68},[58,72677,531],{"class":81},[58,72679,1743],{"class":68},[16,72681,72682,72683,72685],{},"Notice that this is ",[1855,72684,2751],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[617,72687,72689],{"id":72688},"sorted",[20,72690,72598],{},[16,72692,72693,72698],{},[374,72694,72696],{"href":72695},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[20,72697,72598],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[49,72700,72702],{"className":51,"code":72701,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[20,72703,72704,72724,72739,72743,72753],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72705,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72707,1725],{"class":286},[58,72709,290],{"class":77},[58,72711,1730],{"class":68},[58,72713,123],{"class":81},[58,72715,1082],{"class":68},[58,72717,3623],{"class":81},[58,72719,1082],{"class":68},[58,72721,1085],{"class":81},[58,72723,1743],{"class":68},[58,72725,72726,72728,72730,72733,72735,72737],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72727,301],{"class":286},[58,72729,290],{"class":77},[58,72731,72732],{"class":64}," sorted",[58,72734,69],{"class":68},[58,72736,1757],{"class":239},[58,72738,243],{"class":68},[58,72740,72741],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72742,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,72744,72745,72747,72749,72751],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,72746,65],{"class":64},[58,72748,69],{"class":68},[58,72750,1757],{"class":239},[58,72752,243],{"class":68},[58,72754,72755,72757,72759,72761],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,72756,65],{"class":64},[58,72758,69],{"class":68},[58,72760,340],{"class":239},[58,72762,243],{"class":68},[16,72764,132],{},[49,72766,72768],{"className":51,"code":72767,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[20,72769,72770,72786],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72771,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72773,2016],{"class":68},[58,72775,123],{"class":81},[58,72777,1082],{"class":68},[58,72779,3623],{"class":81},[58,72781,1082],{"class":68},[58,72783,1085],{"class":81},[58,72785,1743],{"class":68},[58,72787,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72789,2016],{"class":68},[58,72791,1079],{"class":81},[58,72793,1082],{"class":68},[58,72795,1085],{"class":81},[58,72797,1082],{"class":68},[58,72799,531],{"class":81},[58,72801,1743],{"class":68},[16,72803,72804,72805,499],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[20,72806,72807],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[617,72809,72811],{"id":72810},"slicing","Slicing",[16,72813,72814,72815,72818],{},"Slicing with ",[20,72816,72817],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[49,72820,72822],{"className":51,"code":72821,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[20,72823,72824,72844,72860,72864,72874],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72825,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72827,1725],{"class":286},[58,72829,290],{"class":77},[58,72831,1730],{"class":68},[58,72833,123],{"class":81},[58,72835,1082],{"class":68},[58,72837,3623],{"class":81},[58,72839,1082],{"class":68},[58,72841,1085],{"class":81},[58,72843,1743],{"class":68},[58,72845,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72847,301],{"class":286},[58,72849,290],{"class":77},[58,72851,2381],{"class":286},[58,72853,72296],{"class":68},[58,72855,78],{"class":77},[58,72857,1079],{"class":81},[58,72859,1743],{"class":68},[58,72861,72862],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,72863,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,72867,65],{"class":64},[58,72869,69],{"class":68},[58,72871,1757],{"class":239},[58,72873,243],{"class":68},[58,72875,72876,72878,72880,72882],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,72877,65],{"class":64},[58,72879,69],{"class":68},[58,72881,340],{"class":239},[58,72883,243],{"class":68},[16,72885,132],{},[49,72887,72889],{"className":51,"code":72888,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[20,72890,72891,72907],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,72892,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,72894,2016],{"class":68},[58,72896,123],{"class":81},[58,72898,1082],{"class":68},[58,72900,3623],{"class":81},[58,72902,1082],{"class":68},[58,72904,1085],{"class":81},[58,72906,1743],{"class":68},[58,72908,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,72910,2016],{"class":68},[58,72912,117],{"class":81},[58,72914,1082],{"class":68},[58,72916,3623],{"class":81},[58,72918,1082],{"class":68},[58,72920,531],{"class":81},[58,72922,1743],{"class":68},[617,72924,72926],{"id":72925},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[28,72928,72929,72934,72939],{},[31,72930,155,72931,72933],{},[20,72932,71695],{}," when you want to change the original list",[31,72935,155,72936,72938],{},[20,72937,72817],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[31,72940,155,72941,72943],{},[20,72942,72598],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[16,72945,72946,72947,72953],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[374,72948,72950,72951,8881],{"href":72949},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[20,72952,62485],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[44,72955,3083,72957],{"id":72956},"when-to-use-reverse",[20,72958,71695],{},[16,72960,72961,72963],{},[20,72962,71695],{}," is a good choice:",[28,72965,72966,72969,72972],{},[31,72967,72968],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[31,72970,72971],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[31,72973,72974],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[16,72976,72977,72978,499],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[374,72979,72981],{"href":72980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[44,72983,914],{"id":913},[16,72985,72986,72987,72989],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[20,72988,71695],{}," for these reasons:",[28,72991,72992,72996,73001,73006],{},[31,72993,10739,72994,10742],{},[20,72995,71695],{},[31,72997,6588,72998,73000],{},[20,72999,71695],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[31,73002,6552,73003,73005],{},[20,73004,71695],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[31,73007,35367,73008,6841,73010],{},[20,73009,71695],{},[20,73011,73012],{},"reversed()",[16,73014,73015],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[49,73017,73019],{"className":51,"code":73018,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[20,73020,73021,73033],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73022,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73024,32847],{"class":286},[58,73026,290],{"class":77},[58,73028,1450],{"class":939},[58,73030,1959],{"class":943},[58,73032,1456],{"class":939},[58,73034,73035,73037,73039,73041],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,73036,32868],{"class":286},[58,73038,499],{"class":68},[58,73040,71751],{"class":239},[58,73042,6779],{"class":68},[16,73044,73045,73046,31759],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[20,73047,71695],{},[16,73049,73050],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[49,73052,73054],{"className":51,"code":73053,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[20,73055,73056,73076,73080,73090,73104,73108,73122,73132,73136],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73057,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072,73074],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73059,6442],{"class":286},[58,73061,290],{"class":77},[58,73063,1730],{"class":68},[58,73065,1079],{"class":81},[58,73067,1082],{"class":68},[58,73069,1085],{"class":81},[58,73071,1082],{"class":68},[58,73073,531],{"class":81},[58,73075,1743],{"class":68},[58,73077,73078],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,73079,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,73081,73082,73084,73086,73088],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,73083,65],{"class":64},[58,73085,69],{"class":68},[58,73087,6473],{"class":239},[58,73089,243],{"class":68},[58,73091,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,73093,65],{"class":64},[58,73095,69],{"class":68},[58,73097,1316],{"class":991},[58,73099,69],{"class":68},[58,73101,6473],{"class":239},[58,73103,85],{"class":68},[58,73105,73106],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,73107,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,73109,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,73111,301],{"class":286},[58,73113,290],{"class":77},[58,73115,6530],{"class":286},[58,73117,499],{"class":68},[58,73119,71751],{"class":239},[58,73121,6779],{"class":68},[58,73123,73124,73126,73128,73130],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,73125,65],{"class":64},[58,73127,69],{"class":68},[58,73129,340],{"class":239},[58,73131,243],{"class":68},[58,73133,73134],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,73135,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,73137,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,73139,65],{"class":64},[58,73141,69],{"class":68},[58,73143,6473],{"class":239},[58,73145,72296],{"class":68},[58,73147,78],{"class":77},[58,73149,1079],{"class":81},[58,73151,2004],{"class":68},[16,73153,132],{},[49,73155,73157],{"className":51,"code":73156,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[20,73158,73159,73175,73189,73193],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73160,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73162,2016],{"class":68},[58,73164,1079],{"class":81},[58,73166,1082],{"class":68},[58,73168,1085],{"class":81},[58,73170,1082],{"class":68},[58,73172,531],{"class":81},[58,73174,1743],{"class":68},[58,73176,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,73178,1385],{"class":77},[58,73180,1388],{"class":126},[58,73182,1391],{"class":939},[58,73184,6227],{"class":943},[58,73186,1396],{"class":939},[58,73188,1399],{"class":77},[58,73190,73191],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,73192,9952],{"class":1966},[58,73194,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,73196,2016],{"class":68},[58,73198,1079],{"class":81},[58,73200,1082],{"class":68},[58,73202,1085],{"class":81},[58,73204,1082],{"class":68},[58,73206,3623],{"class":81},[58,73208,1743],{"class":68},[16,73210,73211],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[49,73213,73215],{"className":51,"code":73214,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[20,73216,73217,73237,73241,73251,73265,73269,73283,73293,73303],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73218,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73220,6442],{"class":286},[58,73222,290],{"class":77},[58,73224,1730],{"class":68},[58,73226,1079],{"class":81},[58,73228,1082],{"class":68},[58,73230,1085],{"class":81},[58,73232,1082],{"class":68},[58,73234,531],{"class":81},[58,73236,1743],{"class":68},[58,73238,73239],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,73240,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,73242,73243,73245,73247,73249],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,73244,65],{"class":64},[58,73246,69],{"class":68},[58,73248,6473],{"class":239},[58,73250,243],{"class":68},[58,73252,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,73254,65],{"class":64},[58,73256,69],{"class":68},[58,73258,1316],{"class":991},[58,73260,69],{"class":68},[58,73262,6473],{"class":239},[58,73264,85],{"class":68},[58,73266,73267],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,73268,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,73270,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,73272,301],{"class":286},[58,73274,290],{"class":77},[58,73276,6530],{"class":286},[58,73278,499],{"class":68},[58,73280,71751],{"class":239},[58,73282,6779],{"class":68},[58,73284,73285,73287,73289,73291],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,73286,65],{"class":64},[58,73288,69],{"class":68},[58,73290,340],{"class":239},[58,73292,243],{"class":68},[58,73294,73295,73297,73299,73301],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,73296,65],{"class":64},[58,73298,69],{"class":68},[58,73300,6473],{"class":239},[58,73302,243],{"class":68},[58,73304,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,73306,65],{"class":64},[58,73308,69],{"class":68},[58,73310,6473],{"class":239},[58,73312,72296],{"class":68},[58,73314,78],{"class":77},[58,73316,1079],{"class":81},[58,73318,2004],{"class":68},[16,73320,132],{},[49,73322,73324],{"className":51,"code":73323,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[20,73325,73326,73342,73356,73360,73376],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73327,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73329,2016],{"class":68},[58,73331,1079],{"class":81},[58,73333,1082],{"class":68},[58,73335,1085],{"class":81},[58,73337,1082],{"class":68},[58,73339,531],{"class":81},[58,73341,1743],{"class":68},[58,73343,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,73345,1385],{"class":77},[58,73347,1388],{"class":126},[58,73349,1391],{"class":939},[58,73351,6227],{"class":943},[58,73353,1396],{"class":939},[58,73355,1399],{"class":77},[58,73357,73358],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,73359,9952],{"class":1966},[58,73361,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,73363,2016],{"class":68},[58,73365,123],{"class":81},[58,73367,1082],{"class":68},[58,73369,1085],{"class":81},[58,73371,1082],{"class":68},[58,73373,3623],{"class":81},[58,73375,1743],{"class":68},[58,73377,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,73379,2016],{"class":68},[58,73381,1079],{"class":81},[58,73383,1082],{"class":68},[58,73385,1085],{"class":81},[58,73387,1082],{"class":68},[58,73389,531],{"class":81},[58,73391,1743],{"class":68},[16,73393,73394],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[28,73396,73397,73406,73415],{},[31,73398,25951,73399,73402,73403],{},[20,73400,73401],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[20,73404,73405],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[31,73407,10060,73408,73411,73412,20713],{},[20,73409,73410],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[1855,73413,73414],{},"current",[31,73416,73417,73418],{},"So it prints ",[20,73419,73420],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[44,73422,1555],{"id":1554},[617,73424,10849,73426,53640],{"id":73425},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[20,73427,71700],{},[16,73429,60776,73430,499],{},[20,73431,1891],{},[617,73433,32364,73435,32367,73437,573],{"id":73434},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[20,73436,71695],{},[20,73438,73439],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[16,73441,73442,73444],{},[20,73443,71695],{}," only flips the current order.",[16,73446,73447,73449],{},[20,73448,73439],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[617,73451,26484,73453,73455],{"id":73452},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[20,73454,71695],{}," on a tuple or string?",[16,73457,44533,73458,73460],{},[20,73459,71695],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[617,73462,73464],{"id":73463},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[16,73466,73467],{},"Use slicing:",[49,73469,73471],{"className":51,"code":73470,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list[::-1]\n",[20,73472,73473],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73474,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73476,6473],{"class":286},[58,73478,72296],{"class":68},[58,73480,78],{"class":77},[58,73482,1079],{"class":81},[58,73484,1743],{"class":68},[16,73486,73487],{},"Or use:",[49,73489,73491],{"className":51,"code":73490,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[20,73492,73493],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73494,73495,73497,73499,73502,73504,73506],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73496,6227],{"class":991},[58,73498,69],{"class":68},[58,73500,73501],{"class":64},"reversed",[58,73503,69],{"class":68},[58,73505,6473],{"class":239},[58,73507,85],{"class":68},[16,73509,73510,73511,73515],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[374,73512,53691,73513],{"href":53131},[20,73514,10922],{}," can also help.",[44,73517,1603],{"id":1602},[28,73519,73520,73526,73532,73536,73540],{},[31,73521,73522],{},[374,73523,53691,73524,8881],{"href":72949},[20,73525,62485],{},[31,73527,73528],{},[374,73529,1681,73530,1612],{"href":72695},[20,73531,72598],{},[31,73533,73534],{},[374,73535,72981],{"href":72980},[31,73537,73538],{},[374,73539,72396],{"href":71713},[31,73541,73542],{},[374,73543,53691,73544,8881],{"href":53131},[20,73545,10922],{},[1635,73547,73548],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":73550},[73551,73552,73554,73555,73556,73558,73559,73566,73568,73569,73578],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":71774,"depth":88,"text":73553},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":72133,"depth":88,"text":73557},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":72399,"depth":88,"text":72400},{"id":72593,"depth":88,"text":73560,"children":73561},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[73562,73563,73564,73565],{"id":71751,"depth":104,"text":71695},{"id":72688,"depth":104,"text":72598},{"id":72810,"depth":104,"text":72811},{"id":72925,"depth":104,"text":72926},{"id":72956,"depth":88,"text":73567},"When to use reverse()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":73570},[73571,73573,73575,73577],{"id":73425,"depth":104,"text":73572},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":73434,"depth":104,"text":73574},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":73452,"depth":104,"text":73576},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":73463,"depth":104,"text":73464},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":71687,"description":73579},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":73586,"title":73587,"body":73588,"description":76021,"extension":1667,"meta":76022,"navigation":318,"path":76023,"seo":76024,"stem":76025,"__hash__":76026},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":9,"value":73589,"toc":75989},[73590,73593,73605,73608,73631,73639,73641,73753,73762,73766,73769,73772,73859,73861,73894,73896,73919,73925,73929,73932,73954,73956,73973,73976,73996,73998,74108,74110,74187,74191,74194,74237,74239,74372,74374,74476,74481,74485,74488,74490,74504,74507,74621,74623,74697,74699,74727,74731,74736,74766,74769,74895,74897,74979,74985,74989,74991,75030,75039,75043,75046,75050,75097,75099,75107,75111,75162,75164,75177,75179,75193,75196,75204,75206,75253,75255,75263,75266,75309,75314,75317,75320,75343,75347,75398,75401,75422,75432,75436,75438,75468,75471,75494,75498,75501,75568,75570,75607,75610,75618,75685,75687,75724,75730,75737,75741,75744,75774,75779,75783,75786,75810,75813,75907,75917,75919,75923,75926,75930,75933,75938,75941,75947,75950,75952,75980,75986],[12,73591,73587],{"id":73592},"python-list-slicing-explained",[16,73594,73595,73596,257,73598,15222,73601,73604],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[20,73597,34234],{},[20,73599,73600],{},"stop",[20,73602,73603],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[16,73606,73607],{},"The basic slice form is:",[49,73609,73611],{"className":51,"code":73610,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[20,73612,73613],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73614,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73616,6473],{"class":286},[58,73618,2016],{"class":68},[58,73620,34234],{"class":286},[58,73622,973],{"class":68},[58,73624,73600],{"class":286},[58,73626,973],{"class":68},[58,73628,73603],{"class":286},[58,73630,1743],{"class":68},[16,73632,73633,73634,73636,73637,499],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[20,73635,73600],{}," position is ",[1855,73638,63243],{},[44,73640,47],{"id":46},[49,73642,73644],{"className":51,"code":73643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,73645,73646,73674,73678,73699,73717,73734],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73647,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670,73672],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73649,1725],{"class":286},[58,73651,290],{"class":77},[58,73653,1730],{"class":68},[58,73655,408],{"class":81},[58,73657,1082],{"class":68},[58,73659,5922],{"class":81},[58,73661,1082],{"class":68},[58,73663,5927],{"class":81},[58,73665,1082],{"class":68},[58,73667,49013],{"class":81},[58,73669,1082],{"class":68},[58,73671,3203],{"class":81},[58,73673,1743],{"class":68},[58,73675,73676],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,73677,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,73679,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,73681,65],{"class":64},[58,73683,69],{"class":68},[58,73685,1757],{"class":239},[58,73687,2016],{"class":68},[58,73689,1079],{"class":81},[58,73691,973],{"class":68},[58,73693,586],{"class":81},[58,73695,18598],{"class":68},[58,73697,73698],{"class":1773},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[58,73700,73701,73703,73705,73707,73710,73712,73714],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,73702,65],{"class":64},[58,73704,69],{"class":68},[58,73706,1757],{"class":239},[58,73708,73709],{"class":68},"[:",[58,73711,123],{"class":81},[58,73713,18598],{"class":68},[58,73715,73716],{"class":1773},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[58,73718,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,73720,65],{"class":64},[58,73722,69],{"class":68},[58,73724,1757],{"class":239},[58,73726,72296],{"class":68},[58,73728,117],{"class":81},[58,73730,18598],{"class":68},[58,73732,73733],{"class":1773},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[58,73735,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,73737,65],{"class":64},[58,73739,69],{"class":68},[58,73741,1757],{"class":239},[58,73743,72296],{"class":68},[58,73745,78],{"class":77},[58,73747,1079],{"class":81},[58,73749,18598],{"class":68},[58,73751,73752],{"class":1773},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[16,73754,155,73755,73758,73759,73761],{},[20,73756,73757],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[20,73760,73600],{}," value is not included.",[44,73763,73765],{"id":73764},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[16,73767,73768],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[16,73770,73771],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[49,73773,73775],{"className":51,"code":73774,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[20,73776,73777,73825,73829,73848],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73778,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73780,34252],{"class":286},[58,73782,290],{"class":77},[58,73784,1730],{"class":68},[58,73786,940],{"class":939},[58,73788,374],{"class":943},[58,73790,940],{"class":939},[58,73792,1082],{"class":68},[58,73794,1450],{"class":939},[58,73796,2882],{"class":943},[58,73798,940],{"class":939},[58,73800,1082],{"class":68},[58,73802,1450],{"class":939},[58,73804,7878],{"class":943},[58,73806,940],{"class":939},[58,73808,1082],{"class":68},[58,73810,1450],{"class":939},[58,73812,16919],{"class":943},[58,73814,940],{"class":939},[58,73816,1082],{"class":68},[58,73818,1450],{"class":939},[58,73820,58620],{"class":943},[58,73822,940],{"class":939},[58,73824,1743],{"class":68},[58,73826,73827],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,73828,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,73830,73831,73834,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844,73846],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,73832,73833],{"class":286},"part ",[58,73835,290],{"class":77},[58,73837,68270],{"class":286},[58,73839,2016],{"class":68},[58,73841,1079],{"class":81},[58,73843,973],{"class":68},[58,73845,586],{"class":81},[58,73847,1743],{"class":68},[58,73849,73850,73852,73854,73857],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,73851,65],{"class":64},[58,73853,69],{"class":68},[58,73855,73856],{"class":239},"part",[58,73858,243],{"class":68},[16,73860,132],{},[49,73862,73864],{"className":51,"code":73863,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[20,73865,73866],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73867,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73869,2016],{"class":68},[58,73871,1396],{"class":939},[58,73873,2882],{"class":943},[58,73875,1396],{"class":939},[58,73877,1082],{"class":68},[58,73879,1391],{"class":939},[58,73881,7878],{"class":943},[58,73883,1396],{"class":939},[58,73885,1082],{"class":68},[58,73887,1391],{"class":939},[58,73889,16919],{"class":943},[58,73891,1396],{"class":939},[58,73893,1743],{"class":68},[16,73895,11198],{},[28,73897,73898,73901,73904,73910,73916],{},[31,73899,73900],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[31,73902,73903],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[31,73905,73906,73907],{},"Basic form: ",[20,73908,73909],{},"list[start:stop]",[31,73911,73912,73913,73915],{},"The item at ",[20,73914,73600],{}," is not included",[31,73917,73918],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[16,73920,73921,73922,499],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[374,73923,73924],{"href":49149},"beginner guide to Python lists",[44,73926,73928],{"id":73927},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[16,73930,73931],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[49,73933,73934],{"className":51,"code":73610,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,73935,73936],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,73937,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,73939,6473],{"class":286},[58,73941,2016],{"class":68},[58,73943,34234],{"class":286},[58,73945,973],{"class":68},[58,73947,73600],{"class":286},[58,73949,973],{"class":68},[58,73951,73603],{"class":286},[58,73953,1743],{"class":68},[16,73955,63219],{},[28,73957,73958,73963,73968],{},[31,73959,73960,73962],{},[20,73961,34234],{}," is where slicing begins",[31,73964,73965,73967],{},[20,73966,73600],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[31,73969,73970,73972],{},[20,73971,73603],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[16,73974,73975],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[28,73977,73978,73984,73989],{},[31,73979,73980,73981,73983],{},"Missing ",[20,73982,34234],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[31,73985,73980,73986,73988],{},[20,73987,73600],{}," means go to the end of the list",[31,73990,73980,73991,73993,73994],{},[20,73992,73603],{}," means use ",[20,73995,1079],{},[16,73997,276],{},[49,73999,74001],{"className":51,"code":74000,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[20,74002,74003,74031,74035,74056,74073,74091],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74004,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74006,1725],{"class":286},[58,74008,290],{"class":77},[58,74010,1730],{"class":68},[58,74012,408],{"class":81},[58,74014,1082],{"class":68},[58,74016,5922],{"class":81},[58,74018,1082],{"class":68},[58,74020,5927],{"class":81},[58,74022,1082],{"class":68},[58,74024,49013],{"class":81},[58,74026,1082],{"class":68},[58,74028,3203],{"class":81},[58,74030,1743],{"class":68},[58,74032,74033],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74034,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,74036,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74038,65],{"class":64},[58,74040,69],{"class":68},[58,74042,1757],{"class":239},[58,74044,2016],{"class":68},[58,74046,1079],{"class":81},[58,74048,973],{"class":68},[58,74050,586],{"class":81},[58,74052,18598],{"class":68},[58,74054,74055],{"class":1773},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[58,74057,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,74059,65],{"class":64},[58,74061,69],{"class":68},[58,74063,1757],{"class":239},[58,74065,73709],{"class":68},[58,74067,123],{"class":81},[58,74069,18598],{"class":68},[58,74071,74072],{"class":1773},"    # start from the beginning\n",[58,74074,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74088],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,74076,65],{"class":64},[58,74078,69],{"class":68},[58,74080,1757],{"class":239},[58,74082,2016],{"class":68},[58,74084,117],{"class":81},[58,74086,74087],{"class":68},":])",[58,74089,74090],{"class":1773},"    # go to the end\n",[58,74092,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,74094,65],{"class":64},[58,74096,69],{"class":68},[58,74098,1757],{"class":239},[58,74100,72296],{"class":68},[58,74102,1079],{"class":81},[58,74104,18598],{"class":68},[58,74106,74107],{"class":1773},"   # step of 1\n",[16,74109,132],{},[49,74111,74113],{"className":51,"code":74112,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[20,74114,74115,74131,74147,74163],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74116,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74118,2016],{"class":68},[58,74120,13903],{"class":81},[58,74122,1082],{"class":68},[58,74124,5927],{"class":81},[58,74126,1082],{"class":68},[58,74128,49013],{"class":81},[58,74130,1743],{"class":68},[58,74132,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74134,2016],{"class":68},[58,74136,408],{"class":81},[58,74138,1082],{"class":68},[58,74140,5922],{"class":81},[58,74142,1082],{"class":68},[58,74144,5927],{"class":81},[58,74146,1743],{"class":68},[58,74148,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74150,2016],{"class":68},[58,74152,35004],{"class":81},[58,74154,1082],{"class":68},[58,74156,49013],{"class":81},[58,74158,1082],{"class":68},[58,74160,3203],{"class":81},[58,74162,1743],{"class":68},[58,74164,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,74166,2016],{"class":68},[58,74168,408],{"class":81},[58,74170,1082],{"class":68},[58,74172,5922],{"class":81},[58,74174,1082],{"class":68},[58,74176,5927],{"class":81},[58,74178,1082],{"class":68},[58,74180,49013],{"class":81},[58,74182,1082],{"class":68},[58,74184,3203],{"class":81},[58,74186,1743],{"class":68},[44,74188,74190],{"id":74189},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[16,74192,74193],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[28,74195,74196,74205,74214,74225,74231],{},[31,74197,74198,74201,74202,4092],{},[20,74199,74200],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[20,74203,74204],{},"n",[31,74206,74207,74210,74211,74213],{},[20,74208,74209],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[20,74212,74204],{}," to the end",[31,74215,74216,74219,74220,74222,74223],{},[20,74217,74218],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[20,74221,374],{}," up to ",[20,74224,2882],{},[31,74226,74227,74230],{},[20,74228,74229],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[31,74232,74233,74236],{},[20,74234,74235],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[16,74238,276],{},[49,74240,74242],{"className":51,"code":74241,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[20,74243,74244,74277,74281,74298,74315,74336,74353],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74245,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74275],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74247,1725],{"class":286},[58,74249,290],{"class":77},[58,74251,1730],{"class":68},[58,74253,408],{"class":81},[58,74255,1082],{"class":68},[58,74257,5922],{"class":81},[58,74259,1082],{"class":68},[58,74261,5927],{"class":81},[58,74263,1082],{"class":68},[58,74265,49013],{"class":81},[58,74267,1082],{"class":68},[58,74269,3203],{"class":81},[58,74271,1082],{"class":68},[58,74273,74274],{"class":81}," 60",[58,74276,1743],{"class":68},[58,74278,74279],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74280,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74284,65],{"class":64},[58,74286,69],{"class":68},[58,74288,1757],{"class":239},[58,74290,73709],{"class":68},[58,74292,123],{"class":81},[58,74294,18598],{"class":68},[58,74296,74297],{"class":1773},"    # first 3 items\n",[58,74299,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,74301,65],{"class":64},[58,74303,69],{"class":68},[58,74305,1757],{"class":239},[58,74307,2016],{"class":68},[58,74309,123],{"class":81},[58,74311,74087],{"class":68},[58,74313,74314],{"class":1773},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[58,74316,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,74318,65],{"class":64},[58,74320,69],{"class":68},[58,74322,1757],{"class":239},[58,74324,2016],{"class":68},[58,74326,1079],{"class":81},[58,74328,973],{"class":68},[58,74330,200],{"class":81},[58,74332,18598],{"class":68},[58,74334,74335],{"class":1773},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[58,74337,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,74339,65],{"class":64},[58,74341,69],{"class":68},[58,74343,1757],{"class":239},[58,74345,72296],{"class":68},[58,74347,117],{"class":81},[58,74349,18598],{"class":68},[58,74351,74352],{"class":1773},"   # every second item\n",[58,74354,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,74356,65],{"class":64},[58,74358,69],{"class":68},[58,74360,1757],{"class":239},[58,74362,72296],{"class":68},[58,74364,78],{"class":77},[58,74366,1079],{"class":81},[58,74368,18598],{"class":68},[58,74370,74371],{"class":1773},"  # reversed copy\n",[16,74373,132],{},[49,74375,74377],{"className":51,"code":74376,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74378,74379,74395,74411,74431,74447],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74380,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74382,2016],{"class":68},[58,74384,408],{"class":81},[58,74386,1082],{"class":68},[58,74388,5922],{"class":81},[58,74390,1082],{"class":68},[58,74392,5927],{"class":81},[58,74394,1743],{"class":68},[58,74396,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407,74409],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74398,2016],{"class":68},[58,74400,54864],{"class":81},[58,74402,1082],{"class":68},[58,74404,3203],{"class":81},[58,74406,1082],{"class":68},[58,74408,74274],{"class":81},[58,74410,1743],{"class":68},[58,74412,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74414,2016],{"class":68},[58,74416,13903],{"class":81},[58,74418,1082],{"class":68},[58,74420,5927],{"class":81},[58,74422,1082],{"class":68},[58,74424,49013],{"class":81},[58,74426,1082],{"class":68},[58,74428,3203],{"class":81},[58,74430,1743],{"class":68},[58,74432,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,74434,2016],{"class":68},[58,74436,408],{"class":81},[58,74438,1082],{"class":68},[58,74440,5927],{"class":81},[58,74442,1082],{"class":68},[58,74444,3203],{"class":81},[58,74446,1743],{"class":68},[58,74448,74449,74451,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,74450,2016],{"class":68},[58,74452,74453],{"class":81},"60",[58,74455,1082],{"class":68},[58,74457,3203],{"class":81},[58,74459,1082],{"class":68},[58,74461,49013],{"class":81},[58,74463,1082],{"class":68},[58,74465,5927],{"class":81},[58,74467,1082],{"class":68},[58,74469,5922],{"class":81},[58,74471,1082],{"class":68},[58,74473,4131],{"class":81},[58,74475,1743],{"class":68},[16,74477,74478,74479,499],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[374,74480,13036],{"href":55391},[44,74482,74484],{"id":74483},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[16,74486,74487],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[16,74489,3597],{},[28,74491,74492,74498],{},[31,74493,74494,74497],{},[20,74495,74496],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[31,74499,74500,74503],{},[20,74501,74502],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[16,74505,74506],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[49,74508,74510],{"className":51,"code":74509,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[20,74511,74512,74560,74564,74583,74602],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74513,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556,74558],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74515,34252],{"class":286},[58,74517,290],{"class":77},[58,74519,1730],{"class":68},[58,74521,940],{"class":939},[58,74523,374],{"class":943},[58,74525,940],{"class":939},[58,74527,1082],{"class":68},[58,74529,1450],{"class":939},[58,74531,2882],{"class":943},[58,74533,940],{"class":939},[58,74535,1082],{"class":68},[58,74537,1450],{"class":939},[58,74539,7878],{"class":943},[58,74541,940],{"class":939},[58,74543,1082],{"class":68},[58,74545,1450],{"class":939},[58,74547,16919],{"class":943},[58,74549,940],{"class":939},[58,74551,1082],{"class":68},[58,74553,1450],{"class":939},[58,74555,58620],{"class":943},[58,74557,940],{"class":939},[58,74559,1743],{"class":68},[58,74561,74562],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74563,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,74565,74566,74568,74570,74572,74574,74576,74578,74580],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74567,65],{"class":64},[58,74569,69],{"class":68},[58,74571,34305],{"class":239},[58,74573,2016],{"class":68},[58,74575,78],{"class":77},[58,74577,1079],{"class":81},[58,74579,18598],{"class":68},[58,74581,74582],{"class":1773},"    # last item\n",[58,74584,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,74586,65],{"class":64},[58,74588,69],{"class":68},[58,74590,34305],{"class":239},[58,74592,2016],{"class":68},[58,74594,78],{"class":77},[58,74596,123],{"class":81},[58,74598,74087],{"class":68},[58,74600,74601],{"class":1773},"   # last 3 items\n",[58,74603,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616,74618],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,74605,65],{"class":64},[58,74607,69],{"class":68},[58,74609,34305],{"class":239},[58,74611,73709],{"class":68},[58,74613,78],{"class":77},[58,74615,1079],{"class":81},[58,74617,18598],{"class":68},[58,74619,74620],{"class":1773},"   # everything except the last item\n",[16,74622,132],{},[49,74624,74626],{"className":51,"code":74625,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[20,74627,74628,74633,74661],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74629,74630],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74631,74632],{"class":286},"e\n",[58,74634,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74636,2016],{"class":68},[58,74638,1396],{"class":939},[58,74640,7878],{"class":943},[58,74642,1396],{"class":939},[58,74644,1082],{"class":68},[58,74646,1391],{"class":939},[58,74648,16919],{"class":943},[58,74650,1396],{"class":939},[58,74652,1082],{"class":68},[58,74654,1391],{"class":939},[58,74656,58620],{"class":943},[58,74658,1396],{"class":939},[58,74660,1743],{"class":68},[58,74662,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74664,2016],{"class":68},[58,74666,1396],{"class":939},[58,74668,374],{"class":943},[58,74670,1396],{"class":939},[58,74672,1082],{"class":68},[58,74674,1391],{"class":939},[58,74676,2882],{"class":943},[58,74678,1396],{"class":939},[58,74680,1082],{"class":68},[58,74682,1391],{"class":939},[58,74684,7878],{"class":943},[58,74686,1396],{"class":939},[58,74688,1082],{"class":68},[58,74690,1391],{"class":939},[58,74692,16919],{"class":943},[58,74694,1396],{"class":939},[58,74696,1743],{"class":68},[16,74698,11198],{},[28,74700,74701,74704,74708,74714,74720],{},[31,74702,74703],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[31,74705,74706,74497],{},[20,74707,74496],{},[31,74709,74710,74713],{},[20,74711,74712],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[31,74715,74716,74719],{},[20,74717,74718],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[31,74721,74722,74723,2512,74725],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[20,74724,34234],{},[20,74726,73600],{},[44,74728,74730],{"id":74729},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[16,74732,18,74733,74735],{},[20,74734,73603],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[28,74737,74738,74741,74744,74749,74759],{},[31,74739,74740],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[31,74742,74743],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[31,74745,74746,74748],{},[20,74747,74235],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[31,74750,7012,74751,74753,74754,74756,74757],{},[20,74752,73603],{}," is negative, ",[20,74755,34234],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[20,74758,73600],{},[31,74760,74761,74763,74764],{},[20,74762,73603],{}," cannot be ",[20,74765,183],{},[16,74767,74768],{},"Example with different step values:",[49,74770,74772],{"className":51,"code":74771,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,74773,74774,74806,74810,74827,74849,74868],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74775,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74777,1725],{"class":286},[58,74779,290],{"class":77},[58,74781,1730],{"class":68},[58,74783,408],{"class":81},[58,74785,1082],{"class":68},[58,74787,5922],{"class":81},[58,74789,1082],{"class":68},[58,74791,5927],{"class":81},[58,74793,1082],{"class":68},[58,74795,49013],{"class":81},[58,74797,1082],{"class":68},[58,74799,3203],{"class":81},[58,74801,1082],{"class":68},[58,74803,74274],{"class":81},[58,74805,1743],{"class":68},[58,74807,74808],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74809,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,74811,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822,74824],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74813,65],{"class":64},[58,74815,69],{"class":68},[58,74817,1757],{"class":239},[58,74819,72296],{"class":68},[58,74821,117],{"class":81},[58,74823,18598],{"class":68},[58,74825,74826],{"class":1773},"     # every second item\n",[58,74828,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839,74842,74844,74846],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,74830,65],{"class":64},[58,74832,69],{"class":68},[58,74834,1757],{"class":239},[58,74836,2016],{"class":68},[58,74838,1079],{"class":81},[58,74840,74841],{"class":68},"::",[58,74843,117],{"class":81},[58,74845,18598],{"class":68},[58,74847,74848],{"class":1773},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[58,74850,74851,74853,74855,74857,74859,74861,74863,74865],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,74852,65],{"class":64},[58,74854,69],{"class":68},[58,74856,1757],{"class":239},[58,74858,72296],{"class":68},[58,74860,78],{"class":77},[58,74862,1079],{"class":81},[58,74864,18598],{"class":68},[58,74866,74867],{"class":1773},"    # reverse the list\n",[58,74869,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886,74888,74890,74892],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,74871,65],{"class":64},[58,74873,69],{"class":68},[58,74875,1757],{"class":239},[58,74877,2016],{"class":68},[58,74879,586],{"class":81},[58,74881,973],{"class":68},[58,74883,1079],{"class":81},[58,74885,973],{"class":68},[58,74887,78],{"class":77},[58,74889,1079],{"class":81},[58,74891,18598],{"class":68},[58,74893,74894],{"class":1773},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[16,74896,132],{},[49,74898,74900],{"className":51,"code":74899,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[20,74901,74902,74918,74934,74962],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74903,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74905,2016],{"class":68},[58,74907,408],{"class":81},[58,74909,1082],{"class":68},[58,74911,5927],{"class":81},[58,74913,1082],{"class":68},[58,74915,3203],{"class":81},[58,74917,1743],{"class":68},[58,74919,74920,74922,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,74921,2016],{"class":68},[58,74923,13903],{"class":81},[58,74925,1082],{"class":68},[58,74927,49013],{"class":81},[58,74929,1082],{"class":68},[58,74931,74274],{"class":81},[58,74933,1743],{"class":68},[58,74935,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,74937,2016],{"class":68},[58,74939,74453],{"class":81},[58,74941,1082],{"class":68},[58,74943,3203],{"class":81},[58,74945,1082],{"class":68},[58,74947,49013],{"class":81},[58,74949,1082],{"class":68},[58,74951,5927],{"class":81},[58,74953,1082],{"class":68},[58,74955,5922],{"class":81},[58,74957,1082],{"class":68},[58,74959,4131],{"class":81},[58,74961,1743],{"class":68},[58,74963,74964,74966,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,74965,2016],{"class":68},[58,74967,74968],{"class":81},"50",[58,74970,1082],{"class":68},[58,74972,49013],{"class":81},[58,74974,1082],{"class":68},[58,74976,5927],{"class":81},[58,74978,1743],{"class":68},[16,74980,74981,74982,499],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[374,74983,74984],{"href":72980},"how to reverse a list in Python",[617,74986,74988],{"id":74987},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[16,74990,921],{},[49,74992,74994],{"className":51,"code":74993,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[20,74995,74996,75016],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,74997,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,74999,1725],{"class":286},[58,75001,290],{"class":77},[58,75003,1730],{"class":68},[58,75005,1079],{"class":81},[58,75007,1082],{"class":68},[58,75009,1085],{"class":81},[58,75011,1082],{"class":68},[58,75013,531],{"class":81},[58,75015,1743],{"class":68},[58,75017,75018,75020,75022,75024,75026,75028],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75019,65],{"class":64},[58,75021,69],{"class":68},[58,75023,1757],{"class":239},[58,75025,72296],{"class":68},[58,75027,183],{"class":81},[58,75029,2004],{"class":68},[16,75031,75032,75033,75035,75036,75038],{},"Python raises a ",[20,75034,38869],{}," because a slice step of ",[20,75037,183],{}," does not make sense.",[44,75040,75042],{"id":75041},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[16,75044,75045],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[617,75047,75049],{"id":75048},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[49,75051,75053],{"className":51,"code":75052,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[20,75054,75055,75079,75083],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75056,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75058,1725],{"class":286},[58,75060,290],{"class":77},[58,75062,1730],{"class":68},[58,75064,408],{"class":81},[58,75066,1082],{"class":68},[58,75068,5922],{"class":81},[58,75070,1082],{"class":68},[58,75072,5927],{"class":81},[58,75074,1082],{"class":68},[58,75076,49013],{"class":81},[58,75078,1743],{"class":68},[58,75080,75081],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75082,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,75084,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,75086,65],{"class":64},[58,75088,69],{"class":68},[58,75090,1757],{"class":239},[58,75092,2016],{"class":68},[58,75094,117],{"class":81},[58,75096,2004],{"class":68},[16,75098,132],{},[49,75100,75101],{"className":51,"code":68014,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,75102,75103],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75104,75105],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75106,68014],{"class":81},[617,75108,75110],{"id":75109},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[49,75112,75114],{"className":51,"code":75113,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[20,75115,75116,75140,75144],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75119,1725],{"class":286},[58,75121,290],{"class":77},[58,75123,1730],{"class":68},[58,75125,408],{"class":81},[58,75127,1082],{"class":68},[58,75129,5922],{"class":81},[58,75131,1082],{"class":68},[58,75133,5927],{"class":81},[58,75135,1082],{"class":68},[58,75137,49013],{"class":81},[58,75139,1743],{"class":68},[58,75141,75142],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75143,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,75145,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,75147,65],{"class":64},[58,75149,69],{"class":68},[58,75151,1757],{"class":239},[58,75153,2016],{"class":68},[58,75155,117],{"class":81},[58,75157,973],{"class":68},[58,75159,123],{"class":81},[58,75161,2004],{"class":68},[16,75163,132],{},[49,75165,75167],{"className":51,"code":75166,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[30]\n",[20,75168,75169],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75170,75171,75173,75175],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75172,2016],{"class":68},[58,75174,35004],{"class":81},[58,75176,1743],{"class":68},[16,75178,11910],{},[28,75180,75181,75187],{},[31,75182,75183,75186],{},[20,75184,75185],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[31,75188,75189,75192],{},[20,75190,75191],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[16,75194,75195],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[28,75197,75198,75201],{},[31,75199,75200],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[31,75202,75203],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[16,75205,276],{},[49,75207,75209],{"className":51,"code":75208,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[20,75210,75211,75231,75235],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75212,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227,75229],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75214,1725],{"class":286},[58,75216,290],{"class":77},[58,75218,1730],{"class":68},[58,75220,408],{"class":81},[58,75222,1082],{"class":68},[58,75224,5922],{"class":81},[58,75226,1082],{"class":68},[58,75228,5927],{"class":81},[58,75230,1743],{"class":68},[58,75232,75233],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75234,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,75236,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,75238,65],{"class":64},[58,75240,69],{"class":68},[58,75242,1757],{"class":239},[58,75244,2016],{"class":68},[58,75246,200],{"class":81},[58,75248,973],{"class":68},[58,75250,408],{"class":81},[58,75252,2004],{"class":68},[16,75254,132],{},[49,75256,75257],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,75258,75259],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75260,75261],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75262,36461],{"class":68},[16,75264,75265],{},"But this would raise an error:",[49,75267,75269],{"className":51,"code":75268,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[20,75270,75271,75291,75295],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75272,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75274,1725],{"class":286},[58,75276,290],{"class":77},[58,75278,1730],{"class":68},[58,75280,408],{"class":81},[58,75282,1082],{"class":68},[58,75284,5922],{"class":81},[58,75286,1082],{"class":68},[58,75288,5927],{"class":81},[58,75290,1743],{"class":68},[58,75292,75293],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75294,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,75296,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,75298,65],{"class":64},[58,75300,69],{"class":68},[58,75302,1757],{"class":239},[58,75304,2016],{"class":68},[58,75306,200],{"class":81},[58,75308,2004],{"class":68},[16,75310,75311,75312,499],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[374,75313,67433],{"href":67432},[44,75315,13325],{"id":75316},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[16,75318,75319],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[28,75321,75322,75326,75328,75331,75337],{},[31,75323,2825,75324,73915],{},[20,75325,73600],{},[31,75327,58865],{},[31,75329,75330],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[31,75332,35367,75333,6841,75335],{},[20,75334,74235],{},[20,75336,71700],{},[31,75338,75339,75340,75342],{},"Using step ",[20,75341,183],{},", which causes an error",[617,75344,75346],{"id":75345},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[49,75348,75350],{"className":51,"code":75349,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[20,75351,75352,75380],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75353,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75355,1725],{"class":286},[58,75357,290],{"class":77},[58,75359,1730],{"class":68},[58,75361,408],{"class":81},[58,75363,1082],{"class":68},[58,75365,5922],{"class":81},[58,75367,1082],{"class":68},[58,75369,5927],{"class":81},[58,75371,1082],{"class":68},[58,75373,49013],{"class":81},[58,75375,1082],{"class":68},[58,75377,3203],{"class":81},[58,75379,1743],{"class":68},[58,75381,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75383,65],{"class":64},[58,75385,69],{"class":68},[58,75387,1757],{"class":239},[58,75389,2016],{"class":68},[58,75391,1079],{"class":81},[58,75393,973],{"class":68},[58,75395,586],{"class":81},[58,75397,2004],{"class":68},[16,75399,75400],{},"This returns:",[49,75402,75404],{"className":51,"code":75403,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[20,75405,75406],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75407,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75409,2016],{"class":68},[58,75411,13903],{"class":81},[58,75413,1082],{"class":68},[58,75415,5927],{"class":81},[58,75417,1082],{"class":68},[58,75419,49013],{"class":81},[58,75421,1743],{"class":68},[16,75423,39071,75424,75426,75427,75429,75430,499],{},[1855,75425,2751],{}," include ",[20,75428,74968],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[20,75431,586],{},[617,75433,75435],{"id":75434},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[16,75437,14793],{},[49,75439,75441],{"className":51,"code":75440,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,75442,75443,75463],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75444,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75446,1725],{"class":286},[58,75448,290],{"class":77},[58,75450,1730],{"class":68},[58,75452,408],{"class":81},[58,75454,1082],{"class":68},[58,75456,5922],{"class":81},[58,75458,1082],{"class":68},[58,75460,5927],{"class":81},[58,75462,1743],{"class":68},[58,75464,75465],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75466,75467],{"class":1773},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[16,75469,75470],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[49,75472,75474],{"className":51,"code":75473,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[20,75475,75476],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75477,75478,75480,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75479,65],{"class":64},[58,75481,69],{"class":68},[58,75483,1757],{"class":239},[58,75485,2016],{"class":68},[58,75487,1079],{"class":81},[58,75489,973],{"class":68},[58,75491,123],{"class":81},[58,75493,2004],{"class":68},[617,75495,75497],{"id":75496},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[16,75499,75500],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[49,75502,75504],{"className":51,"code":75503,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,75505,75506,75530,75544,75548,75558],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75507,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75509,1725],{"class":286},[58,75511,290],{"class":77},[58,75513,1730],{"class":68},[58,75515,408],{"class":81},[58,75517,1082],{"class":68},[58,75519,5922],{"class":81},[58,75521,1082],{"class":68},[58,75523,5927],{"class":81},[58,75525,1082],{"class":68},[58,75527,49013],{"class":81},[58,75529,1743],{"class":68},[58,75531,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75533,73833],{"class":286},[58,75535,290],{"class":77},[58,75537,2381],{"class":286},[58,75539,73709],{"class":68},[58,75541,117],{"class":81},[58,75543,1743],{"class":68},[58,75545,75546],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,75547,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,75549,75550,75552,75554,75556],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,75551,65],{"class":64},[58,75553,69],{"class":68},[58,75555,73856],{"class":239},[58,75557,243],{"class":68},[58,75559,75560,75562,75564,75566],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,75561,65],{"class":64},[58,75563,69],{"class":68},[58,75565,1757],{"class":239},[58,75567,243],{"class":68},[16,75569,132],{},[49,75571,75573],{"className":51,"code":75572,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[20,75574,75575,75587],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75576,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75578,2016],{"class":68},[58,75580,408],{"class":81},[58,75582,1082],{"class":68},[58,75584,5922],{"class":81},[58,75586,1743],{"class":68},[58,75588,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75590,2016],{"class":68},[58,75592,408],{"class":81},[58,75594,1082],{"class":68},[58,75596,5922],{"class":81},[58,75598,1082],{"class":68},[58,75600,5927],{"class":81},[58,75602,1082],{"class":68},[58,75604,49013],{"class":81},[58,75606,1743],{"class":68},[16,75608,75609],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[617,75611,75613,75614,6841,75616],{"id":75612},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[20,75615,74235],{},[20,75617,71700],{},[49,75619,75621],{"className":51,"code":75620,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,75622,75623,75643,75647,75664,75675],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75624,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75626,1725],{"class":286},[58,75628,290],{"class":77},[58,75630,1730],{"class":68},[58,75632,408],{"class":81},[58,75634,1082],{"class":68},[58,75636,5922],{"class":81},[58,75638,1082],{"class":68},[58,75640,5927],{"class":81},[58,75642,1743],{"class":68},[58,75644,75645],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75646,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,75648,75649,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,75650,75651],{"class":286},"reversed_copy ",[58,75653,290],{"class":77},[58,75655,2381],{"class":286},[58,75657,72296],{"class":68},[58,75659,78],{"class":77},[58,75661,1079],{"class":81},[58,75663,1743],{"class":68},[58,75665,75666,75668,75670,75673],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,75667,65],{"class":64},[58,75669,69],{"class":68},[58,75671,75672],{"class":239},"reversed_copy",[58,75674,243],{"class":68},[58,75676,75677,75679,75681,75683],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,75678,65],{"class":64},[58,75680,69],{"class":68},[58,75682,1757],{"class":239},[58,75684,243],{"class":68},[16,75686,132],{},[49,75688,75690],{"className":51,"code":75689,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[20,75691,75692,75708],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75693,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75695,2016],{"class":68},[58,75697,35004],{"class":81},[58,75699,1082],{"class":68},[58,75701,5922],{"class":81},[58,75703,1082],{"class":68},[58,75705,4131],{"class":81},[58,75707,1743],{"class":68},[58,75709,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75711,2016],{"class":68},[58,75713,408],{"class":81},[58,75715,1082],{"class":68},[58,75717,5922],{"class":81},[58,75719,1082],{"class":68},[58,75721,5927],{"class":81},[58,75723,1743],{"class":68},[16,75725,75726,75729],{},[20,75727,75728],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[16,75731,75732,75733,75736],{},"By contrast, ",[20,75734,75735],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[617,75738,75740],{"id":75739},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[16,75742,75743],{},"This is not allowed:",[49,75745,75747],{"className":51,"code":75746,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,75748,75749,75769],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75750,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75752,1725],{"class":286},[58,75754,290],{"class":77},[58,75756,1730],{"class":68},[58,75758,408],{"class":81},[58,75760,1082],{"class":68},[58,75762,5922],{"class":81},[58,75764,1082],{"class":68},[58,75766,5927],{"class":81},[58,75768,1743],{"class":68},[58,75770,75771],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75772,75773],{"class":1773},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[16,75775,75776,75777,499],{},"Python will raise a ",[20,75778,38869],{},[44,75780,75782],{"id":75781},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[16,75784,75785],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[28,75787,75788,75795,75801,75804,75807],{},[31,75789,35367,75790,2512,75792,75794],{},[20,75791,34234],{},[20,75793,73600],{}," positions",[31,75796,75797,75798,75800],{},"Assuming the ",[20,75799,73600],{}," index is included",[31,75802,75803],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[31,75805,75806],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[31,75808,75809],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[16,75811,75812],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[49,75814,75816],{"className":51,"code":75815,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[20,75817,75818,75828,75842,75860,75874,75891],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,75819,75820,75822,75824,75826],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,75821,65],{"class":64},[58,75823,69],{"class":68},[58,75825,6473],{"class":239},[58,75827,243],{"class":68},[58,75829,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,75831,65],{"class":64},[58,75833,69],{"class":68},[58,75835,9303],{"class":64},[58,75837,69],{"class":68},[58,75839,6473],{"class":239},[58,75841,85],{"class":68},[58,75843,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,75845,65],{"class":64},[58,75847,69],{"class":68},[58,75849,6473],{"class":239},[58,75851,2016],{"class":68},[58,75853,1079],{"class":81},[58,75855,973],{"class":68},[58,75857,586],{"class":81},[58,75859,2004],{"class":68},[58,75861,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,75863,65],{"class":64},[58,75865,69],{"class":68},[58,75867,6473],{"class":239},[58,75869,73709],{"class":68},[58,75871,123],{"class":81},[58,75873,2004],{"class":68},[58,75875,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,75877,65],{"class":64},[58,75879,69],{"class":68},[58,75881,6473],{"class":239},[58,75883,2016],{"class":68},[58,75885,78],{"class":77},[58,75887,123],{"class":81},[58,75889,75890],{"class":68},":])\n",[58,75892,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,75894,65],{"class":64},[58,75896,69],{"class":68},[58,75898,6473],{"class":239},[58,75900,72296],{"class":68},[58,75902,78],{"class":77},[58,75904,1079],{"class":81},[58,75906,2004],{"class":68},[16,75908,6552,75909,75911,75912,75916],{},[20,75910,40527],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[374,75913,75915],{"href":75914},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[44,75918,1555],{"id":1554},[617,75920,75922],{"id":75921},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[16,75924,75925],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[617,75927,75929],{"id":75928},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[16,75931,75932],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[617,75934,3265,75936,38125],{"id":75935},"what-does-list-1-do",[20,75937,74235],{},[16,75939,75940],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[617,75942,75944,75945,573],{"id":75943},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[20,75946,68905],{},[16,75948,75949],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[44,75951,1603],{"id":1602},[28,75953,75954,75959,75964,75968,75972,75976],{},[31,75955,75956],{},[374,75957,75958],{"href":49149},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[31,75960,75961],{},[374,75962,75963],{"href":55325},"How to create a list in Python",[31,75965,75966],{},[374,75967,13113],{"href":55391},[31,75969,75970],{},[374,75971,72981],{"href":72980},[31,75973,75974],{},[374,75975,75915],{"href":75914},[31,75977,75978],{},[374,75979,67433],{"href":67432},[16,75981,75982,75983,75985],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[20,75984,40527],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1635,75987,75988],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":75990},[75991,75992,75993,75994,75995,75996,75999,76003,76011,76012,76020],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":73764,"depth":88,"text":73765},{"id":73927,"depth":88,"text":73928},{"id":74189,"depth":88,"text":74190},{"id":74483,"depth":88,"text":74484},{"id":74729,"depth":88,"text":74730,"children":75997},[75998],{"id":74987,"depth":104,"text":74988},{"id":75041,"depth":88,"text":75042,"children":76000},[76001,76002],{"id":75048,"depth":104,"text":75049},{"id":75109,"depth":104,"text":75110},{"id":75316,"depth":88,"text":13325,"children":76004},[76005,76006,76007,76008,76010],{"id":75345,"depth":104,"text":75346},{"id":75434,"depth":104,"text":75435},{"id":75496,"depth":104,"text":75497},{"id":75612,"depth":104,"text":76009},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":75739,"depth":104,"text":75740},{"id":75781,"depth":88,"text":75782},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":76013},[76014,76015,76016,76018],{"id":75921,"depth":104,"text":75922},{"id":75928,"depth":104,"text":75929},{"id":75935,"depth":104,"text":76017},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":75943,"depth":104,"text":76019},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":73587,"description":76021},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":76028,"title":76029,"body":76030,"description":78099,"extension":1667,"meta":78100,"navigation":318,"path":78101,"seo":78102,"stem":78103,"__hash__":78104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":9,"value":76031,"toc":78065},[76032,76037,76043,76049,76051,76098,76105,76110,76114,76129,76132,76185,76187,76212,76217,76219,76251,76254,76270,76272,76333,76335,76360,76364,76369,76422,76424,76449,76454,76515,76517,76542,76545,76552,76556,76559,76620,76622,76655,76658,76719,76721,76754,76760,76833,76835,76867,76874,76879,76884,76886,76898,76901,76979,76981,77022,77025,77099,77101,77134,77139,77146,77153,77157,77166,77170,77178,77180,77247,77249,77285,77290,77301,77303,77308,77313,77315,77378,77380,77405,77412,77417,77421,77424,77464,77469,77475,77480,77482,77509,77514,77517,77564,77566,77623,77630,77635,77641,77710,77714,77717,77780,77782,77815,77820,77822,77825,77906,77908,77932,77938,77940,77945,77949,77956,77964,77968,77970,77993,77997,77999,78026,78029,78036,78039,78041,78062],[12,76033,52513,76035,9464],{"id":76034},"python-list-sort-method",[20,76036,62485],{},[16,76038,76039,76042],{},[20,76040,76041],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[16,76044,76045,76046,76048],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[20,76047,62485],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[44,76050,47],{"id":46},[49,76052,76054],{"className":51,"code":76053,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,76055,76056,76076,76086],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76057,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76059,1725],{"class":286},[58,76061,290],{"class":77},[58,76063,1730],{"class":68},[58,76065,123],{"class":81},[58,76067,1082],{"class":68},[58,76069,3623],{"class":81},[58,76071,1082],{"class":68},[58,76073,1085],{"class":81},[58,76075,1743],{"class":68},[58,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76079,1757],{"class":286},[58,76081,499],{"class":68},[58,76083,32959],{"class":239},[58,76085,6779],{"class":68},[58,76087,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76089,65],{"class":64},[58,76091,69],{"class":68},[58,76093,1757],{"class":239},[58,76095,1770],{"class":68},[58,76097,53103],{"class":1773},[16,76099,155,76100,76102,76103,499],{},[20,76101,76041],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[20,76104,1891],{},[44,76106,1788,76108,1791],{"id":76107},"what-listsort-does",[20,76109,76041],{},[16,76111,76112,973],{},[20,76113,76041],{},[28,76115,76116,76119,76122,76126],{},[31,76117,76118],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[31,76120,76121],{},"Changes the original list",[31,76123,9566,76124],{},[20,76125,1891],{},[31,76127,76128],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[16,76130,76131],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[49,76133,76135],{"className":51,"code":76134,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,76136,76137,76161,76171,76175],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76138,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76140,1725],{"class":286},[58,76142,290],{"class":77},[58,76144,1730],{"class":68},[58,76146,200],{"class":81},[58,76148,1082],{"class":68},[58,76150,1085],{"class":81},[58,76152,1082],{"class":68},[58,76154,52307],{"class":81},[58,76156,1082],{"class":68},[58,76158,3623],{"class":81},[58,76160,1743],{"class":68},[58,76162,76163,76165,76167,76169],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76164,1757],{"class":286},[58,76166,499],{"class":68},[58,76168,32959],{"class":239},[58,76170,6779],{"class":68},[58,76172,76173],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76174,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76176,76177,76179,76181,76183],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76178,65],{"class":64},[58,76180,69],{"class":68},[58,76182,1757],{"class":239},[58,76184,243],{"class":68},[16,76186,132],{},[49,76188,76190],{"className":51,"code":76189,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[20,76191,76192],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76193,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76195,2016],{"class":68},[58,76197,1079],{"class":81},[58,76199,1082],{"class":68},[58,76201,1085],{"class":81},[58,76203,1082],{"class":68},[58,76205,2725],{"class":81},[58,76207,1082],{"class":68},[58,76209,52307],{"class":81},[58,76211,1743],{"class":68},[16,76213,76214,76215,499],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[374,76216,65251],{"href":49149},[44,76218,222],{"id":221},[49,76220,76222],{"className":51,"code":76221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[20,76223,76224],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76225,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76245,76247,76249],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76227,6473],{"class":286},[58,76229,499],{"class":68},[58,76231,32959],{"class":239},[58,76233,69],{"class":68},[58,76235,12989],{"class":7313},[58,76237,290],{"class":77},[58,76239,1891],{"class":1966},[58,76241,1082],{"class":68},[58,76243,76244],{"class":7313}," reverse",[58,76246,290],{"class":77},[58,76248,1784],{"class":1966},[58,76250,243],{"class":68},[16,76252,76253],{},"Main arguments:",[28,76255,76256,76261,76267],{},[31,76257,76258,76260],{},[20,76259,12989],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[31,76262,76263,76266],{},[20,76264,76265],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[31,76268,76269],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[16,76271,276],{},[49,76273,76275],{"className":51,"code":76274,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,76276,76277,76301,76319,76323],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76278,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76280,1725],{"class":286},[58,76282,290],{"class":77},[58,76284,1730],{"class":68},[58,76286,586],{"class":81},[58,76288,1082],{"class":68},[58,76290,3623],{"class":81},[58,76292,1082],{"class":68},[58,76294,4120],{"class":81},[58,76296,1082],{"class":68},[58,76298,1085],{"class":81},[58,76300,1743],{"class":68},[58,76302,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76304,1757],{"class":286},[58,76306,499],{"class":68},[58,76308,32959],{"class":239},[58,76310,69],{"class":68},[58,76312,71751],{"class":7313},[58,76314,290],{"class":77},[58,76316,1710],{"class":1966},[58,76318,243],{"class":68},[58,76320,76321],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76322,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76324,76325,76327,76329,76331],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76326,65],{"class":64},[58,76328,69],{"class":68},[58,76330,1757],{"class":239},[58,76332,243],{"class":68},[16,76334,132],{},[49,76336,76338],{"className":51,"code":76337,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[20,76339,76340],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76341,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76343,2016],{"class":68},[58,76345,82],{"class":81},[58,76347,1082],{"class":68},[58,76349,537],{"class":81},[58,76351,1082],{"class":68},[58,76353,1085],{"class":81},[58,76355,1082],{"class":68},[58,76357,3623],{"class":81},[58,76359,1743],{"class":68},[44,76361,76363],{"id":76362},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[16,76365,155,76366,76368],{},[20,76367,62485],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[49,76370,76372],{"className":51,"code":76371,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,76373,76374,76398,76408,76412],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76375,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76377,1725],{"class":286},[58,76379,290],{"class":77},[58,76381,1730],{"class":68},[58,76383,408],{"class":81},[58,76385,1082],{"class":68},[58,76387,531],{"class":81},[58,76389,1082],{"class":68},[58,76391,4487],{"class":81},[58,76393,1082],{"class":68},[58,76395,3623],{"class":81},[58,76397,1743],{"class":68},[58,76399,76400,76402,76404,76406],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76401,1757],{"class":286},[58,76403,499],{"class":68},[58,76405,32959],{"class":239},[58,76407,6779],{"class":68},[58,76409,76410],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76411,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76413,76414,76416,76418,76420],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76415,65],{"class":64},[58,76417,69],{"class":68},[58,76419,1757],{"class":239},[58,76421,243],{"class":68},[16,76423,132],{},[49,76425,76427],{"className":51,"code":76426,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[20,76428,76429],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76430,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76432,2016],{"class":68},[58,76434,1079],{"class":81},[58,76436,1082],{"class":68},[58,76438,531],{"class":81},[58,76440,1082],{"class":68},[58,76442,4487],{"class":81},[58,76444,1082],{"class":68},[58,76446,4131],{"class":81},[58,76448,1743],{"class":68},[16,76450,155,76451,76453],{},[20,76452,76265],{}," for descending order:",[49,76455,76457],{"className":51,"code":76456,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,76458,76459,76483,76501,76505],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76460,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76462,1725],{"class":286},[58,76464,290],{"class":77},[58,76466,1730],{"class":68},[58,76468,408],{"class":81},[58,76470,1082],{"class":68},[58,76472,531],{"class":81},[58,76474,1082],{"class":68},[58,76476,4487],{"class":81},[58,76478,1082],{"class":68},[58,76480,3623],{"class":81},[58,76482,1743],{"class":68},[58,76484,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76486,1757],{"class":286},[58,76488,499],{"class":68},[58,76490,32959],{"class":239},[58,76492,69],{"class":68},[58,76494,71751],{"class":7313},[58,76496,290],{"class":77},[58,76498,1710],{"class":1966},[58,76500,243],{"class":68},[58,76502,76503],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76504,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76506,76507,76509,76511,76513],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76508,65],{"class":64},[58,76510,69],{"class":68},[58,76512,1757],{"class":239},[58,76514,243],{"class":68},[16,76516,132],{},[49,76518,76520],{"className":51,"code":76519,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[20,76521,76522],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76523,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76525,2016],{"class":68},[58,76527,408],{"class":81},[58,76529,1082],{"class":68},[58,76531,4487],{"class":81},[58,76533,1082],{"class":68},[58,76535,531],{"class":81},[58,76537,1082],{"class":68},[58,76539,3623],{"class":81},[58,76541,1743],{"class":68},[16,76543,76544],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[16,76546,76547,76548,499],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[374,76549,76551],{"href":76550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[44,76553,76555],{"id":76554},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[16,76557,76558],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[49,76560,76562],{"className":51,"code":76561,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,76563,76564,76596,76606,76610],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76565,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76567,2187],{"class":286},[58,76569,290],{"class":77},[58,76571,1730],{"class":68},[58,76573,940],{"class":939},[58,76575,2205],{"class":943},[58,76577,940],{"class":939},[58,76579,1082],{"class":68},[58,76581,1450],{"class":939},[58,76583,2196],{"class":943},[58,76585,940],{"class":939},[58,76587,1082],{"class":68},[58,76589,1450],{"class":939},[58,76591,2214],{"class":943},[58,76593,940],{"class":939},[58,76595,1743],{"class":68},[58,76597,76598,76600,76602,76604],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76599,2231],{"class":286},[58,76601,499],{"class":68},[58,76603,32959],{"class":239},[58,76605,6779],{"class":68},[58,76607,76608],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76609,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76611,76612,76614,76616,76618],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76613,65],{"class":64},[58,76615,69],{"class":68},[58,76617,2231],{"class":239},[58,76619,243],{"class":68},[16,76621,132],{},[49,76623,76625],{"className":51,"code":76624,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,76626,76627],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76628,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76630,2016],{"class":68},[58,76632,1396],{"class":939},[58,76634,2196],{"class":943},[58,76636,1396],{"class":939},[58,76638,1082],{"class":68},[58,76640,1391],{"class":939},[58,76642,2205],{"class":943},[58,76644,1396],{"class":939},[58,76646,1082],{"class":68},[58,76648,1391],{"class":939},[58,76650,2214],{"class":943},[58,76652,1396],{"class":939},[58,76654,1743],{"class":68},[16,76656,76657],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[49,76659,76661],{"className":51,"code":76660,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,76662,76663,76695,76705,76709],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76664,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76666,2187],{"class":286},[58,76668,290],{"class":77},[58,76670,1730],{"class":68},[58,76672,940],{"class":939},[58,76674,2205],{"class":943},[58,76676,940],{"class":939},[58,76678,1082],{"class":68},[58,76680,1450],{"class":939},[58,76682,55940],{"class":943},[58,76684,940],{"class":939},[58,76686,1082],{"class":68},[58,76688,1450],{"class":939},[58,76690,2214],{"class":943},[58,76692,940],{"class":939},[58,76694,1743],{"class":68},[58,76696,76697,76699,76701,76703],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76698,2231],{"class":286},[58,76700,499],{"class":68},[58,76702,32959],{"class":239},[58,76704,6779],{"class":68},[58,76706,76707],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76708,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76712,65],{"class":64},[58,76714,69],{"class":68},[58,76716,2231],{"class":239},[58,76718,243],{"class":68},[16,76720,132],{},[49,76722,76724],{"className":51,"code":76723,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,76725,76726],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76727,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76729,2016],{"class":68},[58,76731,1396],{"class":939},[58,76733,55940],{"class":943},[58,76735,1396],{"class":939},[58,76737,1082],{"class":68},[58,76739,1391],{"class":939},[58,76741,2205],{"class":943},[58,76743,1396],{"class":939},[58,76745,1082],{"class":68},[58,76747,1391],{"class":939},[58,76749,2214],{"class":943},[58,76751,1396],{"class":939},[58,76753,1743],{"class":68},[16,76755,76756,76757,973],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[20,76758,76759],{},"key=str.lower",[49,76761,76763],{"className":51,"code":76762,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,76764,76765,76797,76819,76823],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76766,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76768,2187],{"class":286},[58,76770,290],{"class":77},[58,76772,1730],{"class":68},[58,76774,940],{"class":939},[58,76776,2205],{"class":943},[58,76778,940],{"class":939},[58,76780,1082],{"class":68},[58,76782,1450],{"class":939},[58,76784,55940],{"class":943},[58,76786,940],{"class":939},[58,76788,1082],{"class":68},[58,76790,1450],{"class":939},[58,76792,2214],{"class":943},[58,76794,940],{"class":939},[58,76796,1743],{"class":68},[58,76798,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76800,2231],{"class":286},[58,76802,499],{"class":68},[58,76804,32959],{"class":239},[58,76806,69],{"class":68},[58,76808,12989],{"class":7313},[58,76810,290],{"class":77},[58,76812,1542],{"class":991},[58,76814,499],{"class":68},[58,76816,6776],{"class":22904},[58,76818,243],{"class":68},[58,76820,76821],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76822,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76824,76825,76827,76829,76831],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76826,65],{"class":64},[58,76828,69],{"class":68},[58,76830,2231],{"class":239},[58,76832,243],{"class":68},[16,76834,132],{},[49,76836,76837],{"className":51,"code":76723,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,76838,76839],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76840,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76842,2016],{"class":68},[58,76844,1396],{"class":939},[58,76846,55940],{"class":943},[58,76848,1396],{"class":939},[58,76850,1082],{"class":68},[58,76852,1391],{"class":939},[58,76854,2205],{"class":943},[58,76856,1396],{"class":939},[58,76858,1082],{"class":68},[58,76860,1391],{"class":939},[58,76862,2214],{"class":943},[58,76864,1396],{"class":939},[58,76866,1743],{"class":68},[16,76868,76869,76870,76873],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[20,76871,76872],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[44,76875,34775,76877,34778],{"id":76876},"using-the-key-argument",[20,76878,12989],{},[16,76880,18,76881,76883],{},[20,76882,12989],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[16,76885,5473],{},[28,76887,76888,76893],{},[31,76889,76890,76892],{},[20,76891,9303],{}," to sort by length",[31,76894,76895,76897],{},[20,76896,76872],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[16,76899,76900],{},"Sort words by length:",[49,76902,76904],{"className":51,"code":76903,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,76905,76906,76947,76965,76969],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76907,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76909,2187],{"class":286},[58,76911,290],{"class":77},[58,76913,1730],{"class":68},[58,76915,940],{"class":939},[58,76917,76918],{"class":943},"pear",[58,76920,940],{"class":939},[58,76922,1082],{"class":68},[58,76924,1450],{"class":939},[58,76926,2205],{"class":943},[58,76928,940],{"class":939},[58,76930,1082],{"class":68},[58,76932,1450],{"class":939},[58,76934,36522],{"class":943},[58,76936,940],{"class":939},[58,76938,1082],{"class":68},[58,76940,1450],{"class":939},[58,76942,2196],{"class":943},[58,76944,940],{"class":939},[58,76946,1743],{"class":68},[58,76948,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,76950,2231],{"class":286},[58,76952,499],{"class":68},[58,76954,32959],{"class":239},[58,76956,69],{"class":68},[58,76958,12989],{"class":7313},[58,76960,290],{"class":77},[58,76962,9303],{"class":64},[58,76964,243],{"class":68},[58,76966,76967],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,76968,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,76970,76971,76973,76975,76977],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,76972,65],{"class":64},[58,76974,69],{"class":68},[58,76976,2231],{"class":239},[58,76978,243],{"class":68},[16,76980,132],{},[49,76982,76984],{"className":51,"code":76983,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[20,76985,76986],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,76989,2016],{"class":68},[58,76991,1396],{"class":939},[58,76993,36522],{"class":943},[58,76995,1396],{"class":939},[58,76997,1082],{"class":68},[58,76999,1391],{"class":939},[58,77001,76918],{"class":943},[58,77003,1396],{"class":939},[58,77005,1082],{"class":68},[58,77007,1391],{"class":939},[58,77009,2196],{"class":943},[58,77011,1396],{"class":939},[58,77013,1082],{"class":68},[58,77015,1391],{"class":939},[58,77017,2205],{"class":943},[58,77019,1396],{"class":939},[58,77021,1743],{"class":68},[16,77023,77024],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[49,77026,77028],{"className":51,"code":77027,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,77029,77030,77063,77085,77089],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77031,77032,77034,77036,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77059,77061],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77033,2187],{"class":286},[58,77035,290],{"class":77},[58,77037,1730],{"class":68},[58,77039,940],{"class":939},[58,77041,3135],{"class":943},[58,77043,940],{"class":939},[58,77045,1082],{"class":68},[58,77047,1450],{"class":939},[58,77049,15954],{"class":943},[58,77051,940],{"class":939},[58,77053,1082],{"class":68},[58,77055,1450],{"class":939},[58,77057,77058],{"class":943},"Carol",[58,77060,940],{"class":939},[58,77062,1743],{"class":68},[58,77064,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77066,2231],{"class":286},[58,77068,499],{"class":68},[58,77070,32959],{"class":239},[58,77072,69],{"class":68},[58,77074,12989],{"class":7313},[58,77076,290],{"class":77},[58,77078,1542],{"class":991},[58,77080,499],{"class":68},[58,77082,6776],{"class":22904},[58,77084,243],{"class":68},[58,77086,77087],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,77088,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,77090,77091,77093,77095,77097],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,77092,65],{"class":64},[58,77094,69],{"class":68},[58,77096,2231],{"class":239},[58,77098,243],{"class":68},[16,77100,132],{},[49,77102,77104],{"className":51,"code":77103,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[20,77105,77106],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77107,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77109,2016],{"class":68},[58,77111,1396],{"class":939},[58,77113,15954],{"class":943},[58,77115,1396],{"class":939},[58,77117,1082],{"class":68},[58,77119,1391],{"class":939},[58,77121,3135],{"class":943},[58,77123,1396],{"class":939},[58,77125,1082],{"class":68},[58,77127,1391],{"class":939},[58,77129,77058],{"class":943},[58,77131,1396],{"class":939},[58,77133,1743],{"class":68},[16,77135,18,77136,77138],{},[20,77137,12989],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[44,77140,77142,8725,77144],{"id":77141},"listsort-vs-sorted",[20,77143,76041],{},[20,77145,72598],{},[16,77147,77148,2512,77150,77152],{},[20,77149,76041],{},[20,77151,72598],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[16,77154,77155,973],{},[20,77156,76041],{},[28,77158,77159,77162],{},[31,77160,77161],{},"Changes the existing list",[31,77163,9566,77164],{},[20,77165,1891],{},[16,77167,77168,973],{},[20,77169,72598],{},[28,77171,77172,77175],{},[31,77173,77174],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[31,77176,77177],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[16,77179,276],{},[49,77181,77183],{"className":51,"code":77182,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[20,77184,77185,77205,77209,77223,77227,77237],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77186,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77188,1725],{"class":286},[58,77190,290],{"class":77},[58,77192,1730],{"class":68},[58,77194,123],{"class":81},[58,77196,1082],{"class":68},[58,77198,3623],{"class":81},[58,77200,1082],{"class":68},[58,77202,1085],{"class":81},[58,77204,1743],{"class":68},[58,77206,77207],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77208,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,77210,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219,77221],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,77212,54061],{"class":286},[58,77214,290],{"class":77},[58,77216,72732],{"class":64},[58,77218,69],{"class":68},[58,77220,1757],{"class":239},[58,77222,243],{"class":68},[58,77224,77225],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,77226,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,77228,77229,77231,77233,77235],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,77230,65],{"class":64},[58,77232,69],{"class":68},[58,77234,1757],{"class":239},[58,77236,243],{"class":68},[58,77238,77239,77241,77243,77245],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,77240,65],{"class":64},[58,77242,69],{"class":68},[58,77244,72455],{"class":239},[58,77246,243],{"class":68},[16,77248,132],{},[49,77250,77251],{"className":51,"code":72767,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,77252,77253,77269],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77254,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77256,2016],{"class":68},[58,77258,123],{"class":81},[58,77260,1082],{"class":68},[58,77262,3623],{"class":81},[58,77264,1082],{"class":68},[58,77266,1085],{"class":81},[58,77268,1743],{"class":68},[58,77270,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77272,2016],{"class":68},[58,77274,1079],{"class":81},[58,77276,1082],{"class":68},[58,77278,1085],{"class":81},[58,77280,1082],{"class":68},[58,77282,531],{"class":81},[58,77284,1743],{"class":68},[16,77286,155,77287,77289],{},[20,77288,72598],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[16,77291,77292,77293,2512,77297,499],{},"You can learn more in ",[374,77294,1681,77295,3909],{"href":72695},[20,77296,72598],{},[374,77298,77300],{"href":77299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[44,77302,914],{"id":913},[16,77304,77305,77306,499],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[20,77307,76041],{},[617,77309,10739,77311],{"id":77310},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[20,77312,62485],{},[16,77314,23845],{},[49,77316,77318],{"className":51,"code":77317,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,77319,77320,77340,77354,77358,77368],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77321,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77323,1725],{"class":286},[58,77325,290],{"class":77},[58,77327,1730],{"class":68},[58,77329,123],{"class":81},[58,77331,1082],{"class":68},[58,77333,3623],{"class":81},[58,77335,1082],{"class":68},[58,77337,1085],{"class":81},[58,77339,1743],{"class":68},[58,77341,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77343,301],{"class":286},[58,77345,290],{"class":77},[58,77347,2381],{"class":286},[58,77349,499],{"class":68},[58,77351,32959],{"class":239},[58,77353,6779],{"class":68},[58,77355,77356],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,77357,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,77359,77360,77362,77364,77366],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,77361,65],{"class":64},[58,77363,69],{"class":68},[58,77365,340],{"class":239},[58,77367,243],{"class":68},[58,77369,77370,77372,77374,77376],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,77371,65],{"class":64},[58,77373,69],{"class":68},[58,77375,1757],{"class":239},[58,77377,243],{"class":68},[16,77379,132],{},[49,77381,77383],{"className":51,"code":77382,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[20,77384,77385,77389],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77386,77387],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77388,9952],{"class":1966},[58,77390,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77392,2016],{"class":68},[58,77394,1079],{"class":81},[58,77396,1082],{"class":68},[58,77398,1085],{"class":81},[58,77400,1082],{"class":68},[58,77402,531],{"class":81},[58,77404,1743],{"class":68},[16,77406,77407,77409,77410,499],{},[20,77408,62485],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[20,77411,1891],{},[16,77413,77414,77415,4760],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[20,77416,72598],{},[617,77418,77420],{"id":77419},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[16,77422,77423],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[49,77425,77427],{"className":51,"code":77426,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[20,77428,77429,77454],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77430,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77446,77448,77450,77452],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77432,5911],{"class":286},[58,77434,290],{"class":77},[58,77436,1730],{"class":68},[58,77438,1079],{"class":81},[58,77440,1082],{"class":68},[58,77442,1450],{"class":939},[58,77444,77445],{"class":943},"two",[58,77447,940],{"class":939},[58,77449,1082],{"class":68},[58,77451,531],{"class":81},[58,77453,1743],{"class":68},[58,77455,77456,77458,77460,77462],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77457,5942],{"class":286},[58,77459,499],{"class":68},[58,77461,32959],{"class":239},[58,77463,6779],{"class":68},[16,77465,1095,77466,77468],{},[20,77467,1098],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[617,77470,2825,77472,77474],{"id":77471},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[20,77473,62485],{}," only works on lists",[16,77476,77477,77479],{},[20,77478,62485],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[16,77481,14793],{},[49,77483,77485],{"className":51,"code":77484,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[20,77486,77487,77499],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77488,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77490,32847],{"class":286},[58,77492,290],{"class":77},[58,77494,1450],{"class":939},[58,77496,53],{"class":943},[58,77498,1456],{"class":939},[58,77500,77501,77503,77505,77507],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77502,32868],{"class":286},[58,77504,499],{"class":68},[58,77506,32959],{"class":239},[58,77508,6779],{"class":68},[16,77510,77511,77512,31759],{},"Strings do not have a ",[20,77513,62485],{},[16,77515,77516],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[49,77518,77520],{"className":51,"code":77519,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[20,77521,77522,77540,77550,77554],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77525,34252],{"class":286},[58,77527,290],{"class":77},[58,77529,20713],{"class":991},[58,77531,69],{"class":68},[58,77533,940],{"class":939},[58,77535,53],{"class":943},[58,77537,940],{"class":939},[58,77539,243],{"class":68},[58,77541,77542,77544,77546,77548],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77543,34305],{"class":286},[58,77545,499],{"class":68},[58,77547,32959],{"class":239},[58,77549,6779],{"class":68},[58,77551,77552],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,77553,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,77555,77556,77558,77560,77562],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,77557,65],{"class":64},[58,77559,69],{"class":68},[58,77561,34305],{"class":239},[58,77563,243],{"class":68},[16,77565,132],{},[49,77567,77569],{"className":51,"code":77568,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[20,77570,77571],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77572,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77574,2016],{"class":68},[58,77576,1396],{"class":939},[58,77578,58611],{"class":943},[58,77580,1396],{"class":939},[58,77582,1082],{"class":68},[58,77584,1391],{"class":939},[58,77586,74204],{"class":943},[58,77588,1396],{"class":939},[58,77590,1082],{"class":68},[58,77592,1391],{"class":939},[58,77594,58646],{"class":943},[58,77596,1396],{"class":939},[58,77598,1082],{"class":68},[58,77600,1391],{"class":939},[58,77602,16],{"class":943},[58,77604,1396],{"class":939},[58,77606,1082],{"class":68},[58,77608,1391],{"class":939},[58,77610,61460],{"class":943},[58,77612,1396],{"class":939},[58,77614,1082],{"class":68},[58,77616,1391],{"class":939},[58,77618,9889],{"class":943},[58,77620,1396],{"class":939},[58,77622,1743],{"class":68},[617,77624,77626,77627,77629],{"id":77625},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[20,77628,12989],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[16,77631,77632,77633,499],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[20,77634,12989],{},[16,77636,77637,77638,77640],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[20,77639,62485],{}," will not do that:",[49,77642,77644],{"className":51,"code":77643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,77645,77646,77678,77696,77700],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77647,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77649,2187],{"class":286},[58,77651,290],{"class":77},[58,77653,1730],{"class":68},[58,77655,940],{"class":939},[58,77657,2205],{"class":943},[58,77659,940],{"class":939},[58,77661,1082],{"class":68},[58,77663,1450],{"class":939},[58,77665,36522],{"class":943},[58,77667,940],{"class":939},[58,77669,1082],{"class":68},[58,77671,1450],{"class":939},[58,77673,2196],{"class":943},[58,77675,940],{"class":939},[58,77677,1743],{"class":68},[58,77679,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77681,2231],{"class":286},[58,77683,499],{"class":68},[58,77685,32959],{"class":239},[58,77687,69],{"class":68},[58,77689,12989],{"class":7313},[58,77691,290],{"class":77},[58,77693,9303],{"class":64},[58,77695,243],{"class":68},[58,77697,77698],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,77699,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,77701,77702,77704,77706,77708],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,77703,65],{"class":64},[58,77705,69],{"class":68},[58,77707,2231],{"class":239},[58,77709,243],{"class":68},[617,77711,77713],{"id":77712},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[16,77715,77716],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[49,77718,77720],{"className":51,"code":77719,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,77721,77722,77756,77766,77770],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77723,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749,77752,77754],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77725,2187],{"class":286},[58,77727,290],{"class":77},[58,77729,1730],{"class":68},[58,77731,940],{"class":939},[58,77733,77734],{"class":943},"zebra",[58,77736,940],{"class":939},[58,77738,1082],{"class":68},[58,77740,1450],{"class":939},[58,77742,55940],{"class":943},[58,77744,940],{"class":939},[58,77746,1082],{"class":68},[58,77748,1450],{"class":939},[58,77750,77751],{"class":943},"monkey",[58,77753,940],{"class":939},[58,77755,1743],{"class":68},[58,77757,77758,77760,77762,77764],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77759,2231],{"class":286},[58,77761,499],{"class":68},[58,77763,32959],{"class":239},[58,77765,6779],{"class":68},[58,77767,77768],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,77769,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,77771,77772,77774,77776,77778],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,77773,65],{"class":64},[58,77775,69],{"class":68},[58,77777,2231],{"class":239},[58,77779,243],{"class":68},[16,77781,132],{},[49,77783,77785],{"className":51,"code":77784,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[20,77786,77787],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77788,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77790,2016],{"class":68},[58,77792,1396],{"class":939},[58,77794,55940],{"class":943},[58,77796,1396],{"class":939},[58,77798,1082],{"class":68},[58,77800,1391],{"class":939},[58,77802,77751],{"class":943},[58,77804,1396],{"class":939},[58,77806,1082],{"class":68},[58,77808,1391],{"class":939},[58,77810,77734],{"class":943},[58,77812,1396],{"class":939},[58,77814,1743],{"class":68},[16,77816,155,77817,77819],{},[20,77818,76759],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[617,77821,58883],{"id":58882},[16,77823,77824],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[49,77826,77828],{"className":51,"code":77827,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[20,77829,77830,77840,77854,77868,77882],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77831,77832,77834,77836,77838],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77833,65],{"class":64},[58,77835,69],{"class":68},[58,77837,6473],{"class":239},[58,77839,243],{"class":68},[58,77841,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,77843,65],{"class":64},[58,77845,69],{"class":68},[58,77847,1316],{"class":991},[58,77849,69],{"class":68},[58,77851,6473],{"class":239},[58,77853,85],{"class":68},[58,77855,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,77857,65],{"class":64},[58,77859,69],{"class":68},[58,77861,6473],{"class":239},[58,77863,499],{"class":68},[58,77865,32959],{"class":239},[58,77867,5324],{"class":68},[58,77869,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,77871,65],{"class":64},[58,77873,69],{"class":68},[58,77875,72688],{"class":64},[58,77877,69],{"class":68},[58,77879,6473],{"class":239},[58,77881,85],{"class":68},[58,77883,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,77885,65],{"class":64},[58,77887,1076],{"class":68},[58,77889,1316],{"class":991},[58,77891,69],{"class":68},[58,77893,21464],{"class":239},[58,77895,1770],{"class":68},[58,77897,1992],{"class":1991},[58,77899,4087],{"class":239},[58,77901,1998],{"class":1991},[58,77903,6530],{"class":239},[58,77905,2004],{"class":68},[16,77907,9312],{},[28,77909,77910,77913,77916,77923,77929],{},[31,77911,77912],{},"What values are in the list",[31,77914,77915],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[31,77917,77918,77919,475,77921],{},"That ",[20,77920,62485],{},[20,77922,1891],{},[31,77924,77925,77926,77928],{},"Whether ",[20,77927,72598],{}," works better for your case",[31,77930,77931],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[16,77933,77934,77935,77937],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[20,77936,1098],{}," problems.",[44,77939,1555],{"id":1554},[617,77941,10849,77943,53640],{"id":77942},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[20,77944,76041],{},[16,77946,60776,77947,499],{},[20,77948,1891],{},[617,77950,3303,77952,2512,77954,573],{"id":77951},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[20,77953,62485],{},[20,77955,72598],{},[16,77957,77958,77960,77961,77963],{},[20,77959,62485],{}," changes the list itself. ",[20,77962,72598],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[617,77965,77967],{"id":77966},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[16,77969,16846],{},[49,77971,77973],{"className":51,"code":77972,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[20,77974,77975],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,77976,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,77978,6473],{"class":286},[58,77980,499],{"class":68},[58,77982,32959],{"class":239},[58,77984,69],{"class":68},[58,77986,71751],{"class":7313},[58,77988,290],{"class":77},[58,77990,1710],{"class":1966},[58,77992,243],{"class":68},[617,77994,77996],{"id":77995},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[16,77998,16846],{},[49,78000,78002],{"className":51,"code":78001,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[20,78003,78004],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78005,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78007,6473],{"class":286},[58,78009,499],{"class":68},[58,78011,32959],{"class":239},[58,78013,69],{"class":68},[58,78015,12989],{"class":7313},[58,78017,290],{"class":77},[58,78019,1542],{"class":991},[58,78021,499],{"class":68},[58,78023,6776],{"class":22904},[58,78025,243],{"class":68},[16,78027,78028],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[617,78030,78032,78033,78035],{"id":78031},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[20,78034,1098],{}," when sorting?",[16,78037,78038],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[44,78040,1603],{"id":1602},[28,78042,78043,78048,78054,78058],{},[31,78044,78045],{},[374,78046,78047],{"href":76550},"How to sort a list in Python",[31,78049,78050],{},[374,78051,1681,78052,3909],{"href":72695},[20,78053,72598],{},[31,78055,78056],{},[374,78057,65251],{"href":49149},[31,78059,78060],{},[374,78061,77300],{"href":77299},[1635,78063,78064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":78066},[78067,78068,78070,78071,78072,78073,78075,78077,78088,78098],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":76107,"depth":88,"text":78069},"What list.sort() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":76362,"depth":88,"text":76363},{"id":76554,"depth":88,"text":76555},{"id":76876,"depth":88,"text":78074},"Using the key argument",{"id":77141,"depth":88,"text":78076},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":78078},[78079,78081,78082,78084,78086,78087],{"id":77310,"depth":104,"text":78080},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":77419,"depth":104,"text":77420},{"id":77471,"depth":104,"text":78083},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":77625,"depth":104,"text":78085},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":77712,"depth":104,"text":77713},{"id":58882,"depth":104,"text":58883},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":78089},[78090,78092,78094,78095,78096],{"id":77942,"depth":104,"text":78091},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":77951,"depth":104,"text":78093},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":77966,"depth":104,"text":77967},{"id":77995,"depth":104,"text":77996},{"id":78031,"depth":104,"text":78097},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":76029,"description":78099},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":78106,"title":78107,"body":78108,"description":80739,"extension":1667,"meta":80740,"navigation":318,"path":80741,"seo":80742,"stem":80743,"__hash__":80744},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":78109,"toc":80698},[78110,78115,78120,78123,78134,78137,78157,78159,78221,78223,78264,78273,78278,78283,78289,78300,78302,78321,78324,78329,78334,78336,78341,78355,78357,78375,78378,78395,78398,78404,78427,78432,78434,78437,78498,78500,78533,78535,78574,78582,78592,78598,78603,78696,78698,78722,78724,78742,78745,78776,78782,78787,78790,78792,78917,78919,78943,78945,78964,78970,78976,79095,79097,79114,79121,79127,79132,79139,79145,79147,79204,79207,79228,79231,79234,79295,79297,79330,79334,79404,79406,79423,79427,79430,79505,79507,79544,79547,79550,79621,79623,79684,79689,79694,79697,79711,79713,79786,79788,79808,79811,79814,79871,79933,79936,79968,79971,79986,79991,79993,79999,80002,80058,80061,80063,80082,80086,80088,80132,80141,80143,80203,80207,80210,80212,80305,80307,80422,80426,80428,80502,80505,80508,80510,80515,80580,80582,80606,80616,80618,80624,80633,80642,80651,80657,80660,80664,80667,80669,80695],[12,78111,1681,78113,1685],{"id":78112},"python-map-function-explained",[20,78114,37881],{},[16,78116,1688,78117,78119],{},[20,78118,37881],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[16,78121,78122],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[28,78124,78125,78128,78131],{},[31,78126,78127],{},"converting numbers to strings",[31,78129,78130],{},"changing strings to integers",[31,78132,78133],{},"doubling every value in a list",[16,78135,78136],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[28,78138,78139,78146,78152],{},[31,78140,78141,12201,78143,78145],{},[20,78142,37881],{},[1855,78144,2751],{}," return a list in Python 3",[31,78147,78148,78149],{},"it returns a ",[1855,78150,78151],{},"map object",[31,78153,78154,78155],{},"you often convert that result with ",[20,78156,22935],{},[44,78158,47],{"id":46},[49,78160,78162],{"className":51,"code":78161,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,78163,78164,78188,78207],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78165,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78167,1725],{"class":286},[58,78169,290],{"class":77},[58,78171,1730],{"class":68},[58,78173,1079],{"class":81},[58,78175,1082],{"class":68},[58,78177,1085],{"class":81},[58,78179,1082],{"class":68},[58,78181,531],{"class":81},[58,78183,1082],{"class":68},[58,78185,537],{"class":81},[58,78187,1743],{"class":68},[58,78189,78190,78192,78194,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,78191,301],{"class":286},[58,78193,290],{"class":77},[58,78195,78196],{"class":64}," map",[58,78198,69],{"class":68},[58,78200,1542],{"class":991},[58,78202,1082],{"class":68},[58,78204,2381],{"class":239},[58,78206,243],{"class":68},[58,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,78210,65],{"class":64},[58,78212,69],{"class":68},[58,78214,6227],{"class":991},[58,78216,69],{"class":68},[58,78218,340],{"class":239},[58,78220,85],{"class":68},[16,78222,132],{},[49,78224,78226],{"className":51,"code":78225,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[20,78227,78228],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78229,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78231,2016],{"class":68},[58,78233,1396],{"class":939},[58,78235,1079],{"class":943},[58,78237,1396],{"class":939},[58,78239,1082],{"class":68},[58,78241,1391],{"class":939},[58,78243,117],{"class":943},[58,78245,1396],{"class":939},[58,78247,1082],{"class":68},[58,78249,1391],{"class":939},[58,78251,123],{"class":943},[58,78253,1396],{"class":939},[58,78255,1082],{"class":68},[58,78257,1391],{"class":939},[58,78259,586],{"class":943},[58,78261,1396],{"class":939},[58,78263,1743],{"class":68},[16,78265,155,78266,78269,78270,78272],{},[20,78267,78268],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[20,78271,22935],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[44,78274,1788,78276,1791],{"id":78275},"what-map-does",[20,78277,37881],{},[16,78279,78280,78282],{},[20,78281,37881],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[16,78284,78285,78286,78288],{},"An ",[1855,78287,1832],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[28,78290,78291,78293,78295,78297],{},[31,78292,36065],{},[31,78294,36068],{},[31,78296,36071],{},[31,78298,78299],{},"a range object",[16,78301,28882],{},[49,78303,78305],{"className":51,"code":78304,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"map(function, iterable)\n",[20,78306,78307],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78308,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78310,38024],{"class":64},[58,78312,69],{"class":68},[58,78314,36024],{"class":239},[58,78316,1082],{"class":68},[58,78318,36029],{"class":239},[58,78320,243],{"class":68},[16,78322,78323],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[16,78325,78326,78327,31900],{},"Important: the result is a ",[1855,78328,78151],{},[16,78330,78331,78332,499],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[374,78333,3259],{"href":3258},[44,78335,222],{"id":221},[16,78337,78338,78340],{},[20,78339,37881],{}," needs at least two parts:",[28,78342,78343,78349],{},[31,78344,78345,78348],{},[1855,78346,78347],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[31,78350,78351,78354],{},[1855,78352,78353],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[16,78356,1817],{},[49,78358,78359],{"className":51,"code":78304,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,78360,78361],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78362,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78364,38024],{"class":64},[58,78366,69],{"class":68},[58,78368,36024],{"class":239},[58,78370,1082],{"class":68},[58,78372,36029],{"class":239},[58,78374,243],{"class":68},[16,78376,78377],{},"You can pass:",[28,78379,78380,78389,78392],{},[31,78381,78382,78383,257,78385,261,78387],{},"built-in functions like ",[20,78384,1542],{},[20,78386,256],{},[20,78388,72],{},[31,78390,78391],{},"your own custom function",[31,78393,78394],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[16,78396,78397],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[16,78399,78400,78401,78403],{},"You will often see ",[20,78402,37881],{}," used like this:",[49,78405,78407],{"className":51,"code":78406,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list(map(function, values))\n",[20,78408,78409],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78410,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78412,6227],{"class":991},[58,78414,69],{"class":68},[58,78416,38024],{"class":64},[58,78418,69],{"class":68},[58,78420,36024],{"class":239},[58,78422,1082],{"class":68},[58,78424,2001],{"class":239},[58,78426,85],{"class":68},[16,78428,4806,78429,78431],{},[20,78430,22935],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[44,78433,9618],{"id":9617},[16,78435,78436],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[49,78438,78440],{"className":51,"code":78439,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,78441,78442,78462,78480,78484],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78443,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78445,1725],{"class":286},[58,78447,290],{"class":77},[58,78449,1730],{"class":68},[58,78451,408],{"class":81},[58,78453,1082],{"class":68},[58,78455,5922],{"class":81},[58,78457,1082],{"class":68},[58,78459,5927],{"class":81},[58,78461,1743],{"class":68},[58,78463,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,78465,301],{"class":286},[58,78467,290],{"class":77},[58,78469,78196],{"class":64},[58,78471,69],{"class":68},[58,78473,1542],{"class":991},[58,78475,1082],{"class":68},[58,78477,2381],{"class":239},[58,78479,243],{"class":68},[58,78481,78482],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,78483,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,78485,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,78487,65],{"class":64},[58,78489,69],{"class":68},[58,78491,6227],{"class":991},[58,78493,69],{"class":68},[58,78495,340],{"class":239},[58,78497,85],{"class":68},[16,78499,132],{},[49,78501,78503],{"className":51,"code":78502,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[20,78504,78505],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78506,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78508,2016],{"class":68},[58,78510,1396],{"class":939},[58,78512,408],{"class":943},[58,78514,1396],{"class":939},[58,78516,1082],{"class":68},[58,78518,1391],{"class":939},[58,78520,13903],{"class":943},[58,78522,1396],{"class":939},[58,78524,1082],{"class":68},[58,78526,1391],{"class":939},[58,78528,35004],{"class":943},[58,78530,1396],{"class":939},[58,78532,1743],{"class":68},[16,78534,9827],{},[28,78536,78537,78542,78550,78558,78566],{},[31,78538,78539,78541],{},[20,78540,1757],{}," contains integers",[31,78543,78544,78547,78548],{},[20,78545,78546],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[20,78549,45852],{},[31,78551,78552,40321,78555],{},[20,78553,78554],{},"str(10)",[20,78556,78557],{},"'10'",[31,78559,78560,40321,78563],{},[20,78561,78562],{},"str(20)",[20,78564,78565],{},"'20'",[31,78567,78568,40321,78571],{},[20,78569,78570],{},"str(30)",[20,78572,78573],{},"'30'",[16,78575,51824,78576,78578,78579,78581],{},[20,78577,37881],{}," applies ",[20,78580,45852],{}," one item at a time.",[16,78583,78584,78585,78587,78588,499],{},"If you want to understand ",[20,78586,22935],{}," better, see ",[374,78589,1681,78590,1612],{"href":63021},[20,78591,22935],{},[44,78593,6552,78595,78597],{"id":78594},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[20,78596,37881],{}," with your own function",[16,78599,13863,78600,78602],{},[20,78601,37881],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[49,78604,78606],{"className":51,"code":78605,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,78607,78608,78621,78631,78635,78659,78678,78682],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78609,78610,78612,78615,78617,78619],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78611,33011],{"class":126},[58,78613,78614],{"class":33014}," double",[58,78616,69],{"class":68},[58,78618,240],{"class":35826},[58,78620,6476],{"class":68},[58,78622,78623,78625,78627,78629],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,78624,33022],{"class":1991},[58,78626,1995],{"class":286},[58,78628,38037],{"class":77},[58,78630,43757],{"class":81},[58,78632,78633],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,78634,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,78636,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,78638,1725],{"class":286},[58,78640,290],{"class":77},[58,78642,1730],{"class":68},[58,78644,1079],{"class":81},[58,78646,1082],{"class":68},[58,78648,1085],{"class":81},[58,78650,1082],{"class":68},[58,78652,531],{"class":81},[58,78654,1082],{"class":68},[58,78656,537],{"class":81},[58,78658,1743],{"class":68},[58,78660,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78672,78674,78676],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,78662,301],{"class":286},[58,78664,290],{"class":77},[58,78666,78196],{"class":64},[58,78668,69],{"class":68},[58,78670,78671],{"class":239},"double",[58,78673,1082],{"class":68},[58,78675,2381],{"class":239},[58,78677,243],{"class":68},[58,78679,78680],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,78681,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,78683,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,78685,65],{"class":64},[58,78687,69],{"class":68},[58,78689,6227],{"class":991},[58,78691,69],{"class":68},[58,78693,340],{"class":239},[58,78695,85],{"class":68},[16,78697,132],{},[49,78699,78700],{"className":51,"code":38050,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,78701,78702],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78703,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78705,2016],{"class":68},[58,78707,117],{"class":81},[58,78709,1082],{"class":68},[58,78711,537],{"class":81},[58,78713,1082],{"class":68},[58,78715,35807],{"class":81},[58,78717,1082],{"class":68},[58,78719,4487],{"class":81},[58,78721,1743],{"class":68},[16,78723,63758],{},[28,78725,78726,78733,78739],{},[31,78727,78728,78730,78731],{},[20,78729,37881],{}," takes the function ",[20,78732,78671],{},[31,78734,78735,78736,78738],{},"it sends each item from ",[20,78737,1757],{}," into that function",[31,78740,78741],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[16,78743,78744],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[28,78746,78747,78754,78761,78769],{},[31,78748,78749,4199,78752],{},[20,78750,78751],{},"double(1)",[20,78753,117],{},[31,78755,78756,4199,78759],{},[20,78757,78758],{},"double(2)",[20,78760,586],{},[31,78762,78763,4199,78766],{},[20,78764,78765],{},"double(3)",[20,78767,78768],{},"6",[31,78770,78771,4199,78774],{},[20,78772,78773],{},"double(4)",[20,78775,423],{},[44,78777,6552,78779,78781],{"id":78778},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[20,78780,37881],{}," with multiple iterables",[16,78783,78784,78786],{},[20,78785,37881],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[16,78788,78789],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[16,78791,276],{},[49,78793,78795],{"className":51,"code":78794,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,78796,78797,78814,78824,78828,78849,78870,78874,78899,78903],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78798,78799,78801,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78800,33011],{"class":126},[58,78802,78803],{"class":33014}," add_numbers",[58,78805,69],{"class":68},[58,78807,374],{"class":35826},[58,78809,1082],{"class":68},[58,78811,642],{"class":35826},[58,78813,6476],{"class":68},[58,78815,78816,78818,78820,78822],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,78817,33022],{"class":1991},[58,78819,42712],{"class":286},[58,78821,120],{"class":77},[58,78823,34344],{"class":286},[58,78825,78826],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,78827,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,78829,78830,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,78831,78832],{"class":286},"list1 ",[58,78834,290],{"class":77},[58,78836,1730],{"class":68},[58,78838,1079],{"class":81},[58,78840,1082],{"class":68},[58,78842,1085],{"class":81},[58,78844,1082],{"class":68},[58,78846,531],{"class":81},[58,78848,1743],{"class":68},[58,78850,78851,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,78852,78853],{"class":286},"list2 ",[58,78855,290],{"class":77},[58,78857,1730],{"class":68},[58,78859,408],{"class":81},[58,78861,1082],{"class":68},[58,78863,5922],{"class":81},[58,78865,1082],{"class":68},[58,78867,5927],{"class":81},[58,78869,1743],{"class":68},[58,78871,78872],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,78873,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,78875,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78887,78889,78892,78894,78897],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,78877,301],{"class":286},[58,78879,290],{"class":77},[58,78881,78196],{"class":64},[58,78883,69],{"class":68},[58,78885,78886],{"class":239},"add_numbers",[58,78888,1082],{"class":68},[58,78890,78891],{"class":239}," list1",[58,78893,1082],{"class":68},[58,78895,78896],{"class":239}," list2",[58,78898,243],{"class":68},[58,78900,78901],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,78902,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,78904,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,78906,65],{"class":64},[58,78908,69],{"class":68},[58,78910,6227],{"class":991},[58,78912,69],{"class":68},[58,78914,340],{"class":239},[58,78916,85],{"class":68},[16,78918,132],{},[49,78920,78922],{"className":51,"code":78921,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[20,78923,78924],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78925,78926,78928,78931,78933,78936,78938,78941],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78927,2016],{"class":68},[58,78929,78930],{"class":81},"11",[58,78932,1082],{"class":68},[58,78934,78935],{"class":81}," 22",[58,78937,1082],{"class":68},[58,78939,78940],{"class":81}," 33",[58,78942,1743],{"class":68},[16,78944,246],{},[28,78946,78947,78953,78959],{},[31,78948,78949,78950],{},"the first values are used together: ",[20,78951,78952],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[31,78954,78955,78956],{},"then ",[20,78957,78958],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[31,78960,78955,78961],{},[20,78962,78963],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[617,78965,78967,78969],{"id":78966},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[20,78968,37881],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[16,78971,78972,78973,78975],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[20,78974,37881],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[49,78977,78979],{"className":51,"code":78978,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,78980,78981,78997,79007,79011,79035,79051,79055,79077,79081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,78982,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,78984,33011],{"class":126},[58,78986,78803],{"class":33014},[58,78988,69],{"class":68},[58,78990,374],{"class":35826},[58,78992,1082],{"class":68},[58,78994,642],{"class":35826},[58,78996,6476],{"class":68},[58,78998,78999,79001,79003,79005],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79000,33022],{"class":1991},[58,79002,42712],{"class":286},[58,79004,120],{"class":77},[58,79006,34344],{"class":286},[58,79008,79009],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79010,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79012,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,79014,78832],{"class":286},[58,79016,290],{"class":77},[58,79018,1730],{"class":68},[58,79020,1079],{"class":81},[58,79022,1082],{"class":68},[58,79024,1085],{"class":81},[58,79026,1082],{"class":68},[58,79028,531],{"class":81},[58,79030,1082],{"class":68},[58,79032,537],{"class":81},[58,79034,1743],{"class":68},[58,79036,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,79038,78853],{"class":286},[58,79040,290],{"class":77},[58,79042,1730],{"class":68},[58,79044,408],{"class":81},[58,79046,1082],{"class":68},[58,79048,5922],{"class":81},[58,79050,1743],{"class":68},[58,79052,79053],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,79054,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79056,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,79058,301],{"class":286},[58,79060,290],{"class":77},[58,79062,78196],{"class":64},[58,79064,69],{"class":68},[58,79066,78886],{"class":239},[58,79068,1082],{"class":68},[58,79070,78891],{"class":239},[58,79072,1082],{"class":68},[58,79074,78896],{"class":239},[58,79076,243],{"class":68},[58,79078,79079],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,79080,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,79084,65],{"class":64},[58,79086,69],{"class":68},[58,79088,6227],{"class":991},[58,79090,69],{"class":68},[58,79092,340],{"class":239},[58,79094,85],{"class":68},[16,79096,132],{},[49,79098,79100],{"className":51,"code":79099,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[11, 22]\n",[20,79101,79102],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79103,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79105,2016],{"class":68},[58,79107,78930],{"class":81},[58,79109,1082],{"class":68},[58,79111,78935],{"class":81},[58,79113,1743],{"class":68},[16,79115,79116,79117,79120],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[20,79118,79119],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[44,79122,79124,79126],{"id":79123},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[20,79125,37881],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[16,79128,36187,79129,79131],{},[20,79130,37881],{}," returns a map object.",[16,79133,79134,79135,79138],{},"This object is ",[1855,79136,79137],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[617,79140,569,79142,79144],{"id":79141},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[20,79143,31185],{}," looks strange",[16,79146,31801],{},[49,79148,79150],{"className":51,"code":79149,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,79151,79152,79172,79190,79194],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79153,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79155,1725],{"class":286},[58,79157,290],{"class":77},[58,79159,1730],{"class":68},[58,79161,1079],{"class":81},[58,79163,1082],{"class":68},[58,79165,1085],{"class":81},[58,79167,1082],{"class":68},[58,79169,531],{"class":81},[58,79171,1743],{"class":68},[58,79173,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79175,301],{"class":286},[58,79177,290],{"class":77},[58,79179,78196],{"class":64},[58,79181,69],{"class":68},[58,79183,1542],{"class":991},[58,79185,1082],{"class":68},[58,79187,2381],{"class":239},[58,79189,243],{"class":68},[58,79191,79192],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79193,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79195,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,79197,65],{"class":64},[58,79199,69],{"class":68},[58,79201,340],{"class":239},[58,79203,243],{"class":68},[16,79205,79206],{},"Output will look something like this:",[49,79208,79210],{"className":51,"code":79209,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[20,79211,79212],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79213,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79215,1385],{"class":77},[58,79217,38024],{"class":64},[58,79219,22771],{"class":991},[58,79221,35527],{"class":286},[58,79223,35531],{"class":35530},[58,79225,35534],{"class":32612},[58,79227,1399],{"class":77},[16,79229,79230],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[16,79232,79233],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[49,79235,79237],{"className":51,"code":79236,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,79238,79239,79259,79277,79281],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79240,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79242,1725],{"class":286},[58,79244,290],{"class":77},[58,79246,1730],{"class":68},[58,79248,1079],{"class":81},[58,79250,1082],{"class":68},[58,79252,1085],{"class":81},[58,79254,1082],{"class":68},[58,79256,531],{"class":81},[58,79258,1743],{"class":68},[58,79260,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79262,301],{"class":286},[58,79264,290],{"class":77},[58,79266,78196],{"class":64},[58,79268,69],{"class":68},[58,79270,1542],{"class":991},[58,79272,1082],{"class":68},[58,79274,2381],{"class":239},[58,79276,243],{"class":68},[58,79278,79279],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79280,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79282,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,79284,65],{"class":64},[58,79286,69],{"class":68},[58,79288,6227],{"class":991},[58,79290,69],{"class":68},[58,79292,340],{"class":239},[58,79294,85],{"class":68},[16,79296,132],{},[49,79298,79300],{"className":51,"code":79299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[20,79301,79302],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79303,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79305,2016],{"class":68},[58,79307,1396],{"class":939},[58,79309,1079],{"class":943},[58,79311,1396],{"class":939},[58,79313,1082],{"class":68},[58,79315,1391],{"class":939},[58,79317,117],{"class":943},[58,79319,1396],{"class":939},[58,79321,1082],{"class":68},[58,79323,1391],{"class":939},[58,79325,123],{"class":943},[58,79327,1396],{"class":939},[58,79329,1743],{"class":68},[617,79331,79333],{"id":79332},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[49,79335,79337],{"className":51,"code":79336,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[20,79338,79339,79359,79377,79381,79394],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79340,79341,79343,79345,79347,79349,79351,79353,79355,79357],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79342,1725],{"class":286},[58,79344,290],{"class":77},[58,79346,1730],{"class":68},[58,79348,1079],{"class":81},[58,79350,1082],{"class":68},[58,79352,1085],{"class":81},[58,79354,1082],{"class":68},[58,79356,531],{"class":81},[58,79358,1743],{"class":68},[58,79360,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79362,301],{"class":286},[58,79364,290],{"class":77},[58,79366,78196],{"class":64},[58,79368,69],{"class":68},[58,79370,1542],{"class":991},[58,79372,1082],{"class":68},[58,79374,2381],{"class":239},[58,79376,243],{"class":68},[58,79378,79379],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79380,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79382,79383,79385,79387,79389,79392],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,79384,4084],{"class":1991},[58,79386,4087],{"class":286},[58,79388,1998],{"class":1991},[58,79390,79391],{"class":286}," result",[58,79393,4521],{"class":68},[58,79395,79396,79398,79400,79402],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,79397,6202],{"class":64},[58,79399,69],{"class":68},[58,79401,21464],{"class":239},[58,79403,243],{"class":68},[16,79405,132],{},[49,79407,79409],{"className":51,"code":79408,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1\n2\n3\n",[20,79410,79411,79415,79419],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79412,79413],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79414,45085],{"class":81},[58,79416,79417],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79418,15206],{"class":81},[58,79420,79421],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79422,44785],{"class":81},[617,79424,79426],{"id":79425},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[16,79428,79429],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[49,79431,79433],{"className":51,"code":79432,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,79434,79435,79455,79473,79477,79491],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79436,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79438,1725],{"class":286},[58,79440,290],{"class":77},[58,79442,1730],{"class":68},[58,79444,1079],{"class":81},[58,79446,1082],{"class":68},[58,79448,1085],{"class":81},[58,79450,1082],{"class":68},[58,79452,531],{"class":81},[58,79454,1743],{"class":68},[58,79456,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79458,301],{"class":286},[58,79460,290],{"class":77},[58,79462,78196],{"class":64},[58,79464,69],{"class":68},[58,79466,1542],{"class":991},[58,79468,1082],{"class":68},[58,79470,2381],{"class":239},[58,79472,243],{"class":68},[58,79474,79475],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79476,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79478,79479,79481,79483,79485,79487,79489],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,79480,65],{"class":64},[58,79482,69],{"class":68},[58,79484,6227],{"class":991},[58,79486,69],{"class":68},[58,79488,340],{"class":239},[58,79490,85],{"class":68},[58,79492,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,79494,65],{"class":64},[58,79496,69],{"class":68},[58,79498,6227],{"class":991},[58,79500,69],{"class":68},[58,79502,340],{"class":239},[58,79504,85],{"class":68},[16,79506,132],{},[49,79508,79510],{"className":51,"code":79509,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[20,79511,79512,79540],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79513,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79515,2016],{"class":68},[58,79517,1396],{"class":939},[58,79519,1079],{"class":943},[58,79521,1396],{"class":939},[58,79523,1082],{"class":68},[58,79525,1391],{"class":939},[58,79527,117],{"class":943},[58,79529,1396],{"class":939},[58,79531,1082],{"class":68},[58,79533,1391],{"class":939},[58,79535,123],{"class":943},[58,79537,1396],{"class":939},[58,79539,1743],{"class":68},[58,79541,79542],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79543,36461],{"class":68},[16,79545,79546],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[16,79548,79549],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[49,79551,79553],{"className":51,"code":79552,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[20,79554,79555,79575,79597,79601,79611],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79556,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79558,1725],{"class":286},[58,79560,290],{"class":77},[58,79562,1730],{"class":68},[58,79564,1079],{"class":81},[58,79566,1082],{"class":68},[58,79568,1085],{"class":81},[58,79570,1082],{"class":68},[58,79572,531],{"class":81},[58,79574,1743],{"class":68},[58,79576,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593,79595],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79578,301],{"class":286},[58,79580,290],{"class":77},[58,79582,20713],{"class":991},[58,79584,69],{"class":68},[58,79586,38024],{"class":64},[58,79588,69],{"class":68},[58,79590,1542],{"class":991},[58,79592,1082],{"class":68},[58,79594,2381],{"class":239},[58,79596,85],{"class":68},[58,79598,79599],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79600,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79602,79603,79605,79607,79609],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,79604,65],{"class":64},[58,79606,69],{"class":68},[58,79608,340],{"class":239},[58,79610,243],{"class":68},[58,79612,79613,79615,79617,79619],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,79614,65],{"class":64},[58,79616,69],{"class":68},[58,79618,340],{"class":239},[58,79620,243],{"class":68},[16,79622,132],{},[49,79624,79626],{"className":51,"code":79625,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[20,79627,79628,79656],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79629,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79631,2016],{"class":68},[58,79633,1396],{"class":939},[58,79635,1079],{"class":943},[58,79637,1396],{"class":939},[58,79639,1082],{"class":68},[58,79641,1391],{"class":939},[58,79643,117],{"class":943},[58,79645,1396],{"class":939},[58,79647,1082],{"class":68},[58,79649,1391],{"class":939},[58,79651,123],{"class":943},[58,79653,1396],{"class":939},[58,79655,1743],{"class":68},[58,79657,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79659,2016],{"class":68},[58,79661,1396],{"class":939},[58,79663,1079],{"class":943},[58,79665,1396],{"class":939},[58,79667,1082],{"class":68},[58,79669,1391],{"class":939},[58,79671,117],{"class":943},[58,79673,1396],{"class":939},[58,79675,1082],{"class":68},[58,79677,1391],{"class":939},[58,79679,123],{"class":943},[58,79681,1396],{"class":939},[58,79683,1743],{"class":68},[44,79685,3083,79687],{"id":79686},"when-to-use-map",[20,79688,37881],{},[16,79690,79691,79693],{},[20,79692,37881],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[16,79695,79696],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[28,79698,79699,79703,79707],{},[31,79700,79701],{},[20,79702,1542],{},[31,79704,79705],{},[20,79706,256],{},[31,79708,79709],{},[20,79710,72],{},[16,79712,276],{},[49,79714,79716],{"className":51,"code":79715,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,79717,79718,79750,79772,79776],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79719,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79721,1936],{"class":286},[58,79723,290],{"class":77},[58,79725,1730],{"class":68},[58,79727,1396],{"class":939},[58,79729,1079],{"class":943},[58,79731,1396],{"class":939},[58,79733,1082],{"class":68},[58,79735,1391],{"class":939},[58,79737,117],{"class":943},[58,79739,1396],{"class":939},[58,79741,1082],{"class":68},[58,79743,1391],{"class":939},[58,79745,123],{"class":943},[58,79747,1396],{"class":939},[58,79749,1743],{"class":68},[58,79751,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79753,1725],{"class":286},[58,79755,290],{"class":77},[58,79757,20713],{"class":991},[58,79759,69],{"class":68},[58,79761,38024],{"class":64},[58,79763,69],{"class":68},[58,79765,256],{"class":991},[58,79767,1082],{"class":68},[58,79769,2001],{"class":239},[58,79771,85],{"class":68},[58,79773,79774],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79775,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,79777,79778,79780,79782,79784],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,79779,65],{"class":64},[58,79781,69],{"class":68},[58,79783,1757],{"class":239},[58,79785,243],{"class":68},[16,79787,132],{},[49,79789,79790],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,79791,79792],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79793,79794,79796,79798,79800,79802,79804,79806],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79795,2016],{"class":68},[58,79797,1079],{"class":81},[58,79799,1082],{"class":68},[58,79801,1085],{"class":81},[58,79803,1082],{"class":68},[58,79805,531],{"class":81},[58,79807,1743],{"class":68},[16,79809,79810],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[16,79812,79813],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[49,79815,79817],{"className":51,"code":79816,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[20,79818,79819,79839,79861],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79820,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829,79831,79833,79835,79837],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79822,1725],{"class":286},[58,79824,290],{"class":77},[58,79826,1730],{"class":68},[58,79828,1079],{"class":81},[58,79830,1082],{"class":68},[58,79832,1085],{"class":81},[58,79834,1082],{"class":68},[58,79836,531],{"class":81},[58,79838,1743],{"class":68},[58,79840,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857,79859],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79842,301],{"class":286},[58,79844,290],{"class":77},[58,79846,20713],{"class":991},[58,79848,69],{"class":68},[58,79850,38024],{"class":64},[58,79852,69],{"class":68},[58,79854,1542],{"class":991},[58,79856,1082],{"class":68},[58,79858,2381],{"class":239},[58,79860,85],{"class":68},[58,79862,79863,79865,79867,79869],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79864,65],{"class":64},[58,79866,69],{"class":68},[58,79868,340],{"class":239},[58,79870,243],{"class":68},[49,79872,79874],{"className":51,"code":79873,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[20,79875,79876,79896,79923],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79877,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79879,1725],{"class":286},[58,79881,290],{"class":77},[58,79883,1730],{"class":68},[58,79885,1079],{"class":81},[58,79887,1082],{"class":68},[58,79889,1085],{"class":81},[58,79891,1082],{"class":68},[58,79893,531],{"class":81},[58,79895,1743],{"class":68},[58,79897,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914,79917,79919,79921],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,79899,301],{"class":286},[58,79901,290],{"class":77},[58,79903,1730],{"class":68},[58,79905,1542],{"class":991},[58,79907,69],{"class":68},[58,79909,74204],{"class":239},[58,79911,1770],{"class":68},[58,79913,1992],{"class":1991},[58,79915,79916],{"class":286}," n ",[58,79918,1998],{"class":1991},[58,79920,2381],{"class":286},[58,79922,1743],{"class":68},[58,79924,79925,79927,79929,79931],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,79926,65],{"class":64},[58,79928,69],{"class":68},[58,79930,340],{"class":239},[58,79932,243],{"class":68},[16,79934,79935],{},"Both produce:",[49,79937,79938],{"className":51,"code":79299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,79939,79940],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,79941,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,79943,2016],{"class":68},[58,79945,1396],{"class":939},[58,79947,1079],{"class":943},[58,79949,1396],{"class":939},[58,79951,1082],{"class":68},[58,79953,1391],{"class":939},[58,79955,117],{"class":943},[58,79957,1396],{"class":939},[58,79959,1082],{"class":68},[58,79961,1391],{"class":939},[58,79963,123],{"class":943},[58,79965,1396],{"class":939},[58,79967,1743],{"class":68},[16,79969,79970],{},"A simple rule:",[28,79972,79973,79978,79983],{},[31,79974,38155,79975,79977],{},[20,79976,37881],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[31,79979,38161,79980,79982],{},[20,79981,4084],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[31,79984,79985],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[16,79987,79988,79989,499],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[374,79990,2511],{"href":2510},[44,79992,2638],{"id":2637},[617,79994,79996,79997],{"id":79995},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[20,79998,22935],{},[16,80000,80001],{},"This is very common:",[49,80003,80004],{"className":51,"code":79149,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,80005,80006,80026,80044,80048],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80007,80008,80010,80012,80014,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80009,1725],{"class":286},[58,80011,290],{"class":77},[58,80013,1730],{"class":68},[58,80015,1079],{"class":81},[58,80017,1082],{"class":68},[58,80019,1085],{"class":81},[58,80021,1082],{"class":68},[58,80023,531],{"class":81},[58,80025,1743],{"class":68},[58,80027,80028,80030,80032,80034,80036,80038,80040,80042],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80029,301],{"class":286},[58,80031,290],{"class":77},[58,80033,78196],{"class":64},[58,80035,69],{"class":68},[58,80037,1542],{"class":991},[58,80039,1082],{"class":68},[58,80041,2381],{"class":239},[58,80043,243],{"class":68},[58,80045,80046],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80047,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80049,80050,80052,80054,80056],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,80051,65],{"class":64},[58,80053,69],{"class":68},[58,80055,340],{"class":239},[58,80057,243],{"class":68},[16,80059,80060],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[16,80062,37426],{},[49,80064,80066],{"className":51,"code":80065,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(result))\n",[20,80067,80068],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80069,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80071,65],{"class":64},[58,80073,69],{"class":68},[58,80075,6227],{"class":991},[58,80077,69],{"class":68},[58,80079,340],{"class":239},[58,80081,85],{"class":68},[617,80083,80085],{"id":80084},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[16,80087,14793],{},[49,80089,80091],{"className":51,"code":80090,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[20,80092,80093,80113],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80094,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80096,1725],{"class":286},[58,80098,290],{"class":77},[58,80100,1730],{"class":68},[58,80102,1079],{"class":81},[58,80104,1082],{"class":68},[58,80106,1085],{"class":81},[58,80108,1082],{"class":68},[58,80110,531],{"class":81},[58,80112,1743],{"class":68},[58,80114,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123,80125,80128,80130],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80116,301],{"class":286},[58,80118,290],{"class":77},[58,80120,78196],{"class":64},[58,80122,69],{"class":68},[58,80124,1542],{"class":991},[58,80126,80127],{"class":68},"(),",[58,80129,2381],{"class":239},[58,80131,243],{"class":68},[16,80133,80134,80135,80137,80138,80140],{},"This is wrong because ",[20,80136,45852],{}," is being called immediately. ",[20,80139,37881],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[16,80142,14805],{},[49,80144,80145],{"className":51,"code":79236,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,80146,80147,80167,80185,80189],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80148,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80150,1725],{"class":286},[58,80152,290],{"class":77},[58,80154,1730],{"class":68},[58,80156,1079],{"class":81},[58,80158,1082],{"class":68},[58,80160,1085],{"class":81},[58,80162,1082],{"class":68},[58,80164,531],{"class":81},[58,80166,1743],{"class":68},[58,80168,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80170,301],{"class":286},[58,80172,290],{"class":77},[58,80174,78196],{"class":64},[58,80176,69],{"class":68},[58,80178,1542],{"class":991},[58,80180,1082],{"class":68},[58,80182,2381],{"class":239},[58,80184,243],{"class":68},[58,80186,80187],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80188,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80190,80191,80193,80195,80197,80199,80201],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,80192,65],{"class":64},[58,80194,69],{"class":68},[58,80196,6227],{"class":991},[58,80198,69],{"class":68},[58,80200,340],{"class":239},[58,80202,85],{"class":68},[617,80204,80206],{"id":80205},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[16,80208,80209],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[16,80211,14793],{},[49,80213,80215],{"className":51,"code":80214,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,80216,80217,80234,80244,80248,80268,80287,80291],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80218,80219,80221,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80220,33011],{"class":126},[58,80222,80223],{"class":33014}," add",[58,80225,69],{"class":68},[58,80227,374],{"class":35826},[58,80229,1082],{"class":68},[58,80231,642],{"class":35826},[58,80233,6476],{"class":68},[58,80235,80236,80238,80240,80242],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80237,33022],{"class":1991},[58,80239,42712],{"class":286},[58,80241,120],{"class":77},[58,80243,34344],{"class":286},[58,80245,80246],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80247,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80249,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,80251,1725],{"class":286},[58,80253,290],{"class":77},[58,80255,1730],{"class":68},[58,80257,1079],{"class":81},[58,80259,1082],{"class":68},[58,80261,1085],{"class":81},[58,80263,1082],{"class":68},[58,80265,531],{"class":81},[58,80267,1743],{"class":68},[58,80269,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80281,80283,80285],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,80271,301],{"class":286},[58,80273,290],{"class":77},[58,80275,78196],{"class":64},[58,80277,69],{"class":68},[58,80279,80280],{"class":239},"add",[58,80282,1082],{"class":68},[58,80284,2381],{"class":239},[58,80286,243],{"class":68},[58,80288,80289],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,80290,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80292,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,80294,65],{"class":64},[58,80296,69],{"class":68},[58,80298,6227],{"class":991},[58,80300,69],{"class":68},[58,80302,340],{"class":239},[58,80304,85],{"class":68},[16,80306,14805],{},[49,80308,80310],{"className":51,"code":80309,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[20,80311,80312,80328,80338,80342,80362,80382,80404,80408],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80313,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80315,33011],{"class":126},[58,80317,80223],{"class":33014},[58,80319,69],{"class":68},[58,80321,374],{"class":35826},[58,80323,1082],{"class":68},[58,80325,642],{"class":35826},[58,80327,6476],{"class":68},[58,80329,80330,80332,80334,80336],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80331,33022],{"class":1991},[58,80333,42712],{"class":286},[58,80335,120],{"class":77},[58,80337,34344],{"class":286},[58,80339,80340],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80341,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80343,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,80345,78832],{"class":286},[58,80347,290],{"class":77},[58,80349,1730],{"class":68},[58,80351,1079],{"class":81},[58,80353,1082],{"class":68},[58,80355,1085],{"class":81},[58,80357,1082],{"class":68},[58,80359,531],{"class":81},[58,80361,1743],{"class":68},[58,80363,80364,80366,80368,80370,80372,80374,80376,80378,80380],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,80365,78853],{"class":286},[58,80367,290],{"class":77},[58,80369,1730],{"class":68},[58,80371,408],{"class":81},[58,80373,1082],{"class":68},[58,80375,5922],{"class":81},[58,80377,1082],{"class":68},[58,80379,5927],{"class":81},[58,80381,1743],{"class":68},[58,80383,80384,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,80385,301],{"class":286},[58,80387,290],{"class":77},[58,80389,78196],{"class":64},[58,80391,69],{"class":68},[58,80393,80280],{"class":239},[58,80395,1082],{"class":68},[58,80397,78891],{"class":239},[58,80399,1082],{"class":68},[58,80401,78896],{"class":239},[58,80403,243],{"class":68},[58,80405,80406],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,80407,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80409,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,80411,65],{"class":64},[58,80413,69],{"class":68},[58,80415,6227],{"class":991},[58,80417,69],{"class":68},[58,80419,340],{"class":239},[58,80421,85],{"class":68},[617,80423,80425],{"id":80424},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[16,80427,14793],{},[49,80429,80430],{"className":51,"code":79432,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,80431,80432,80452,80470,80474,80488],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80433,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80435,1725],{"class":286},[58,80437,290],{"class":77},[58,80439,1730],{"class":68},[58,80441,1079],{"class":81},[58,80443,1082],{"class":68},[58,80445,1085],{"class":81},[58,80447,1082],{"class":68},[58,80449,531],{"class":81},[58,80451,1743],{"class":68},[58,80453,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466,80468],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80455,301],{"class":286},[58,80457,290],{"class":77},[58,80459,78196],{"class":64},[58,80461,69],{"class":68},[58,80463,1542],{"class":991},[58,80465,1082],{"class":68},[58,80467,2381],{"class":239},[58,80469,243],{"class":68},[58,80471,80472],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80473,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80475,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,80477,65],{"class":64},[58,80479,69],{"class":68},[58,80481,6227],{"class":991},[58,80483,69],{"class":68},[58,80485,340],{"class":239},[58,80487,85],{"class":68},[58,80489,80490,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,80491,65],{"class":64},[58,80493,69],{"class":68},[58,80495,6227],{"class":991},[58,80497,69],{"class":68},[58,80499,340],{"class":239},[58,80501,85],{"class":68},[16,80503,80504],{},"The second result is empty.",[16,80506,80507],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[44,80509,66069],{"id":66068},[16,80511,7012,80512,80514],{},[20,80513,37881],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[49,80516,80518],{"className":51,"code":80517,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[20,80519,80520,80530,80544,80558,80570],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80521,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80523,65],{"class":64},[58,80525,69],{"class":68},[58,80527,340],{"class":239},[58,80529,243],{"class":68},[58,80531,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80533,65],{"class":64},[58,80535,69],{"class":68},[58,80537,6227],{"class":991},[58,80539,69],{"class":68},[58,80541,340],{"class":239},[58,80543,85],{"class":68},[58,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80547,65],{"class":64},[58,80549,69],{"class":68},[58,80551,1316],{"class":991},[58,80553,69],{"class":68},[58,80555,340],{"class":239},[58,80557,85],{"class":68},[58,80559,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,80561,4084],{"class":1991},[58,80563,4087],{"class":286},[58,80565,1998],{"class":1991},[58,80567,79391],{"class":286},[58,80569,4521],{"class":68},[58,80571,80572,80574,80576,80578],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,80573,6202],{"class":64},[58,80575,69],{"class":68},[58,80577,21464],{"class":239},[58,80579,243],{"class":68},[16,80581,10817],{},[28,80583,80584,80589,80594,80600],{},[31,80585,80586,80588],{},[20,80587,31185],{}," shows that you have a map object",[31,80590,80591,80593],{},[20,80592,31193],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[31,80595,80596,80599],{},[20,80597,80598],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[31,80601,80602,80603,80605],{},"looping over ",[20,80604,340],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[16,80607,80608,80609,80612,80613,80615],{},"Be careful: ",[20,80610,80611],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[20,80614,4084],{}," loop consume the map object.",[44,80617,1555],{"id":1554},[617,80619,10849,80621,80623],{"id":80620},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[20,80622,37881],{}," return a list in Python?",[16,80625,80626,80627,80629,80630,22092],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[20,80628,37881],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[20,80631,80632],{},"list(map(...))",[617,80634,13051,80636,80638,80639,80641],{"id":80635},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[20,80637,37881],{}," better than a ",[20,80640,4084],{}," loop?",[16,80643,80644,80645,80647,80648,80650],{},"Not always. ",[20,80646,37881],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[20,80649,4084],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[617,80652,3293,80654,80656],{"id":80653},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[20,80655,37881],{}," use more than one list?",[16,80658,80659],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[617,80661,80663],{"id":80662},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[16,80665,80666],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[44,80668,1603],{"id":1602},[28,80670,80671,80677,80683,80687,80691],{},[31,80672,80673],{},[374,80674,1681,80675,1612],{"href":38250},[20,80676,35739],{},[31,80678,80679],{},[374,80680,1681,80681,1612],{"href":63021},[20,80682,22935],{},[31,80684,80685],{},[374,80686,3345],{"href":3254},[31,80688,80689],{},[374,80690,3350],{"href":2510},[31,80692,80693],{},[374,80694,3340],{"href":3258},[1635,80696,80697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":80699},[80700,80701,80703,80704,80705,80707,80712,80719,80721,80728,80729,80738],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":78275,"depth":88,"text":80702},"What map() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":78594,"depth":88,"text":80706},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":78778,"depth":88,"text":80708,"children":80709},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[80710],{"id":78966,"depth":104,"text":80711},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":79123,"depth":88,"text":80713,"children":80714},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[80715,80717,80718],{"id":79141,"depth":104,"text":80716},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":79332,"depth":104,"text":79333},{"id":79425,"depth":104,"text":79426},{"id":79686,"depth":88,"text":80720},"When to use map()",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":80722},[80723,80725,80726,80727],{"id":79995,"depth":104,"text":80724},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":80084,"depth":104,"text":80085},{"id":80205,"depth":104,"text":80206},{"id":80424,"depth":104,"text":80425},{"id":66068,"depth":88,"text":66069},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":80730},[80731,80733,80735,80737],{"id":80620,"depth":104,"text":80732},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":80635,"depth":104,"text":80734},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":80653,"depth":104,"text":80736},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":80662,"depth":104,"text":80663},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":78107,"description":80739},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":80746,"title":80747,"body":80748,"description":82768,"extension":1667,"meta":82769,"navigation":318,"path":82770,"seo":82771,"stem":82772,"__hash__":82773},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":80749,"toc":82726},[80750,80756,80761,80764,80772,80775,80777,80901,80903,80921,80923,80943,80948,80952,80966,80969,80972,80974,80979,81091,81094,81112,81118,81121,81183,81185,81194,81197,81211,81213,81261,81263,81272,81282,81288,81291,81318,81320,81328,81331,81334,81404,81406,81414,81417,81422,81427,81478,81480,81488,81491,81493,81510,81512,81564,81567,81573,81577,81582,81585,81589,81648,81650,81659,81665,81674,81678,81741,81743,81751,81756,81760,81765,81845,81847,81856,81863,81868,81873,81876,81911,81913,81921,81924,81930,81932,81982,81984,81993,81996,82014,82016,82021,82027,82034,82061,82063,82086,82091,82126,82131,82137,82142,82185,82188,82191,82230,82237,82243,82248,82263,82267,82274,82277,82281,82286,82290,82295,82297,82358,82360,82389,82394,82401,82410,82412,82415,82440,82442,82545,82548,82566,82575,82577,82582,82585,82591,82594,82596,82606,82612,82616,82674,82681,82689,82691,82723],[12,80751,1681,80753,1685],{"id":80752},"python-max-function-explained",[20,80754,80755],{},"max()",[16,80757,7260,80758,80760],{},[20,80759,80755],{}," function returns the largest item.",[16,80762,80763],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[28,80765,80766,80769],{},[31,80767,80768],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[31,80770,80771],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[16,80773,80774],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[44,80776,47],{"id":46},[49,80778,80780],{"className":51,"code":80779,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[20,80781,80782,80806,80821,80825,80851,80855,80887],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80783,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80785,1725],{"class":286},[58,80787,290],{"class":77},[58,80789,1730],{"class":68},[58,80791,123],{"class":81},[58,80793,1082],{"class":68},[58,80795,4487],{"class":81},[58,80797,1082],{"class":68},[58,80799,1085],{"class":81},[58,80801,1082],{"class":68},[58,80803,2725],{"class":81},[58,80805,1743],{"class":68},[58,80807,80808,80810,80812,80815,80817,80819],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80809,65],{"class":64},[58,80811,69],{"class":68},[58,80813,80814],{"class":64},"max",[58,80816,69],{"class":68},[58,80818,1757],{"class":239},[58,80820,85],{"class":68},[58,80822,80823],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80824,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80826,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,80828,65],{"class":64},[58,80830,69],{"class":68},[58,80832,80814],{"class":64},[58,80834,69],{"class":68},[58,80836,123],{"class":81},[58,80838,1082],{"class":68},[58,80840,4487],{"class":81},[58,80842,1082],{"class":68},[58,80844,1085],{"class":81},[58,80846,1082],{"class":68},[58,80848,2725],{"class":81},[58,80850,85],{"class":68},[58,80852,80853],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,80854,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,80856,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,80858,2187],{"class":286},[58,80860,290],{"class":77},[58,80862,1730],{"class":68},[58,80864,940],{"class":939},[58,80866,2196],{"class":943},[58,80868,940],{"class":939},[58,80870,1082],{"class":68},[58,80872,1450],{"class":939},[58,80874,2205],{"class":943},[58,80876,940],{"class":939},[58,80878,1082],{"class":68},[58,80880,1450],{"class":939},[58,80882,76918],{"class":943},[58,80884,940],{"class":939},[58,80886,1743],{"class":68},[58,80888,80889,80891,80893,80895,80897,80899],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,80890,65],{"class":64},[58,80892,69],{"class":68},[58,80894,80814],{"class":64},[58,80896,69],{"class":68},[58,80898,2231],{"class":239},[58,80900,85],{"class":68},[16,80902,132],{},[49,80904,80906],{"className":51,"code":80905,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"8\n8\npear\n",[20,80907,80908,80912,80916],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80909,80910],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80911,459],{"class":81},[58,80913,80914],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80915,459],{"class":81},[58,80917,80918],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,80919,80920],{"class":286},"pear\n",[16,80922,18109],{},[28,80924,80925,80931,80937],{},[31,80926,80927,80930],{},[20,80928,80929],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[31,80932,80933,80936],{},[20,80934,80935],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[31,80938,80939,80942],{},[20,80940,80941],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[44,80944,1788,80946,1791],{"id":80945},"what-max-does",[20,80947,80755],{},[16,80949,80950,973],{},[20,80951,80755],{},[28,80953,80954,80957,80960,80963],{},[31,80955,80956],{},"Returns the largest item",[31,80958,80959],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[31,80961,80962],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[31,80964,80965],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[16,80967,80968],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[16,80970,80971],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[44,80973,222],{"id":221},[16,80975,80976,80977,973],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[20,80978,80755],{},[49,80980,80982],{"className":51,"code":80981,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[20,80983,80984,80994,81018,81040,81063],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,80985,80986,80988,80990,80992],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,80987,80814],{"class":64},[58,80989,69],{"class":68},[58,80991,1832],{"class":239},[58,80993,243],{"class":68},[58,80995,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81007,81009,81011,81013,81016],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,80997,80814],{"class":64},[58,80999,69],{"class":68},[58,81001,1832],{"class":239},[58,81003,1082],{"class":68},[58,81005,81006],{"class":77}," *",[58,81008,1082],{"class":68},[58,81010,19732],{"class":7313},[58,81012,290],{"class":77},[58,81014,81015],{"class":239},"func",[58,81017,243],{"class":68},[58,81019,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,81021,80814],{"class":64},[58,81023,69],{"class":68},[58,81025,1832],{"class":239},[58,81027,1082],{"class":68},[58,81029,81006],{"class":77},[58,81031,1082],{"class":68},[58,81033,24678],{"class":7313},[58,81035,290],{"class":77},[58,81037,553],{"class":239},[58,81039,243],{"class":68},[58,81041,81042,81044,81046,81049,81051,81054,81056,81058,81061],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,81043,80814],{"class":64},[58,81045,69],{"class":68},[58,81047,81048],{"class":239},"arg1",[58,81050,1082],{"class":68},[58,81052,81053],{"class":239}," arg2",[58,81055,1082],{"class":68},[58,81057,81006],{"class":77},[58,81059,81060],{"class":239},"args",[58,81062,243],{"class":68},[58,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,81066,80814],{"class":64},[58,81068,69],{"class":68},[58,81070,81048],{"class":239},[58,81072,1082],{"class":68},[58,81074,81053],{"class":239},[58,81076,1082],{"class":68},[58,81078,81006],{"class":77},[58,81080,81060],{"class":239},[58,81082,1082],{"class":68},[58,81084,19732],{"class":7313},[58,81086,290],{"class":77},[58,81088,81015],{"class":239},[58,81090,243],{"class":68},[16,81092,81093],{},"The most important parts are:",[28,81095,81096,81101,81106],{},[31,81097,81098,81100],{},[20,81099,1832],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[31,81102,81103,81105],{},[20,81104,12989],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[31,81107,81108,81111],{},[20,81109,81110],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[44,81113,6552,81115,81117],{"id":81114},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[20,81116,80755],{}," with a list of numbers",[16,81119,81120],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[49,81122,81124],{"className":51,"code":81123,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[20,81125,81126,81152,81168,81172],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81127,81128,81130,81132,81134,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81150],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81129,3186],{"class":286},[58,81131,290],{"class":77},[58,81133,1730],{"class":68},[58,81135,81136],{"class":81},"72",[58,81138,1082],{"class":68},[58,81140,49680],{"class":81},[58,81142,1082],{"class":68},[58,81144,11654],{"class":81},[58,81146,1082],{"class":68},[58,81148,81149],{"class":81}," 66",[58,81151,1743],{"class":68},[58,81153,81154,81157,81159,81162,81164,81166],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81155,81156],{"class":286},"highest_score ",[58,81158,290],{"class":77},[58,81160,81161],{"class":64}," max",[58,81163,69],{"class":68},[58,81165,14538],{"class":239},[58,81167,243],{"class":68},[58,81169,81170],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,81171,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,81173,81174,81176,81178,81181],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,81175,65],{"class":64},[58,81177,69],{"class":68},[58,81179,81180],{"class":239},"highest_score",[58,81182,243],{"class":68},[16,81184,132],{},[49,81186,81188],{"className":51,"code":81187,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"91\n",[20,81189,81190],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81191,81192],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81193,81187],{"class":81},[16,81195,81196],{},"This works well for:",[28,81198,81199,81202,81205,81208],{},[31,81200,81201],{},"Scores",[31,81203,81204],{},"Prices",[31,81206,81207],{},"Ages",[31,81209,81210],{},"Counts",[16,81212,50250],{},[49,81214,81216],{"className":51,"code":81215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[20,81217,81218,81246],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81219,81220,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81234,81236,81239,81241,81244],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81221,81222],{"class":286},"prices ",[58,81224,290],{"class":77},[58,81226,1730],{"class":68},[58,81228,38563],{"class":81},[58,81230,1082],{"class":68},[58,81232,81233],{"class":81}," 5.50",[58,81235,1082],{"class":68},[58,81237,81238],{"class":81}," 12.75",[58,81240,1082],{"class":68},[58,81242,81243],{"class":81}," 29.00",[58,81245,1743],{"class":68},[58,81247,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81259],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81249,65],{"class":64},[58,81251,69],{"class":68},[58,81253,80814],{"class":64},[58,81255,69],{"class":68},[58,81257,81258],{"class":239},"prices",[58,81260,85],{"class":68},[16,81262,132],{},[49,81264,81266],{"className":51,"code":81265,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"29.0\n",[20,81267,81268],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81269,81270],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81271,81265],{"class":81},[16,81273,81274,81275,81277,81278,499],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[20,81276,80755],{}," is simpler than ",[374,81279,81280],{"href":72695},[20,81281,72598],{},[44,81283,6552,81285,81287],{"id":81284},"using-max-with-separate-values",[20,81286,80755],{}," with separate values",[16,81289,81290],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[49,81292,81294],{"className":51,"code":81293,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[20,81295,81296],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81297,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81299,65],{"class":64},[58,81301,69],{"class":68},[58,81303,80814],{"class":64},[58,81305,69],{"class":68},[58,81307,586],{"class":81},[58,81309,1082],{"class":68},[58,81311,29100],{"class":81},[58,81313,1082],{"class":68},[58,81315,4120],{"class":81},[58,81317,85],{"class":68},[16,81319,132],{},[49,81321,81322],{"className":51,"code":296,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,81323,81324],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81325,81326],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81327,296],{"class":81},[16,81329,81330],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[16,81332,81333],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[49,81335,81337],{"className":51,"code":81336,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[20,81338,81339,81348,81356,81366,81370,81393],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81340,81341,81343,81345],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81342,637],{"class":286},[58,81344,290],{"class":77},[58,81346,81347],{"class":81}," 15\n",[58,81349,81350,81352,81354],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81351,665],{"class":286},[58,81353,290],{"class":77},[58,81355,852],{"class":81},[58,81357,81358,81361,81363],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,81359,81360],{"class":286},"c ",[58,81362,290],{"class":77},[58,81364,81365],{"class":81}," 27\n",[58,81367,81368],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,81369,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,81371,81372,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,81373,81374],{"class":286},"largest ",[58,81376,290],{"class":77},[58,81378,81161],{"class":64},[58,81380,69],{"class":68},[58,81382,374],{"class":239},[58,81384,1082],{"class":68},[58,81386,642],{"class":239},[58,81388,1082],{"class":68},[58,81390,7820],{"class":239},[58,81392,243],{"class":68},[58,81394,81395,81397,81399,81402],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,81396,65],{"class":64},[58,81398,69],{"class":68},[58,81400,81401],{"class":239},"largest",[58,81403,243],{"class":68},[16,81405,132],{},[49,81407,81408],{"className":51,"code":44780,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,81409,81410],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81411,81412],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81413,44780],{"class":81},[16,81415,81416],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[44,81418,6552,81420,45227],{"id":81419},"using-max-with-strings",[20,81421,80755],{},[16,81423,81424,81426],{},[20,81425,80755],{}," can compare strings too.",[49,81428,81430],{"className":51,"code":81429,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[20,81431,81432,81464],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81433,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81435,2187],{"class":286},[58,81437,290],{"class":77},[58,81439,1730],{"class":68},[58,81441,940],{"class":939},[58,81443,2196],{"class":943},[58,81445,940],{"class":939},[58,81447,1082],{"class":68},[58,81449,1450],{"class":939},[58,81451,2205],{"class":943},[58,81453,940],{"class":939},[58,81455,1082],{"class":68},[58,81457,1450],{"class":939},[58,81459,76918],{"class":943},[58,81461,940],{"class":939},[58,81463,1743],{"class":68},[58,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81467,65],{"class":64},[58,81469,69],{"class":68},[58,81471,80814],{"class":64},[58,81473,69],{"class":68},[58,81475,2231],{"class":239},[58,81477,85],{"class":68},[16,81479,132],{},[49,81481,81482],{"className":51,"code":80920,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,81483,81484],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81485,81486],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81487,80920],{"class":286},[16,81489,81490],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[16,81492,66457],{},[28,81494,81495,81504,81507],{},[31,81496,81497,81500,81501,81503],{},[20,81498,81499],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[20,81502,63448],{}," alphabetically",[31,81505,81506],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[31,81508,81509],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[16,81511,276],{},[49,81513,81515],{"className":51,"code":81514,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[20,81516,81517,81550],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81518,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81520,2187],{"class":286},[58,81522,290],{"class":77},[58,81524,1730],{"class":68},[58,81526,940],{"class":939},[58,81528,2196],{"class":943},[58,81530,940],{"class":939},[58,81532,1082],{"class":68},[58,81534,1450],{"class":939},[58,81536,81537],{"class":943},"Banana",[58,81539,940],{"class":939},[58,81541,1082],{"class":68},[58,81543,1450],{"class":939},[58,81545,76918],{"class":943},[58,81547,940],{"class":939},[58,81549,1743],{"class":68},[58,81551,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81553,65],{"class":64},[58,81555,69],{"class":68},[58,81557,80814],{"class":64},[58,81559,69],{"class":68},[58,81561,2231],{"class":239},[58,81563,85],{"class":68},[16,81565,81566],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[16,81568,81569,81570,81572],{},"You can fix that with the ",[20,81571,12989],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[44,81574,34775,81575,34778],{"id":76876},[20,81576,12989],{},[16,81578,18,81579,81581],{},[20,81580,12989],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[16,81583,81584],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[617,81586,81588],{"id":81587},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[49,81590,81592],{"className":51,"code":81591,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[20,81593,81594,81626],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81595,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81597,2187],{"class":286},[58,81599,290],{"class":77},[58,81601,1730],{"class":68},[58,81603,940],{"class":939},[58,81605,35210],{"class":943},[58,81607,940],{"class":939},[58,81609,1082],{"class":68},[58,81611,1450],{"class":939},[58,81613,66500],{"class":943},[58,81615,940],{"class":939},[58,81617,1082],{"class":68},[58,81619,1450],{"class":939},[58,81621,56299],{"class":943},[58,81623,940],{"class":939},[58,81625,1743],{"class":68},[58,81627,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81629,65],{"class":64},[58,81631,69],{"class":68},[58,81633,80814],{"class":64},[58,81635,69],{"class":68},[58,81637,2231],{"class":239},[58,81639,1082],{"class":68},[58,81641,19732],{"class":7313},[58,81643,290],{"class":77},[58,81645,9303],{"class":64},[58,81647,85],{"class":68},[16,81649,132],{},[49,81651,81653],{"className":51,"code":81652,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"elephant\n",[20,81654,81655],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81656,81657],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81658,81652],{"class":286},[16,81660,18923,81661,81664],{},[20,81662,81663],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[16,81666,81667,81668,31787,81670,499],{},"If you are new to ",[20,81669,40527],{},[374,81671,81672,3909],{"href":40524},[20,81673,40527],{},[617,81675,81677],{"id":81676},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[49,81679,81681],{"className":51,"code":81680,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[20,81682,81683,81715],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81684,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81686,2187],{"class":286},[58,81688,290],{"class":77},[58,81690,1730],{"class":68},[58,81692,940],{"class":939},[58,81694,2196],{"class":943},[58,81696,940],{"class":939},[58,81698,1082],{"class":68},[58,81700,1450],{"class":939},[58,81702,81537],{"class":943},[58,81704,940],{"class":939},[58,81706,1082],{"class":68},[58,81708,1450],{"class":939},[58,81710,76918],{"class":943},[58,81712,940],{"class":939},[58,81714,1743],{"class":68},[58,81716,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81718,65],{"class":64},[58,81720,69],{"class":68},[58,81722,80814],{"class":64},[58,81724,69],{"class":68},[58,81726,2231],{"class":239},[58,81728,1082],{"class":68},[58,81730,19732],{"class":7313},[58,81732,290],{"class":77},[58,81734,1542],{"class":991},[58,81736,499],{"class":68},[58,81738,6776],{"class":22904},[58,81740,85],{"class":68},[16,81742,132],{},[49,81744,81745],{"className":51,"code":80920,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,81746,81747],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81748,81749],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81750,80920],{"class":286},[16,81752,18923,81753,81755],{},[20,81754,76872],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[617,81757,81759],{"id":81758},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[16,81761,81762,81763,973],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[20,81764,35823],{},[49,81766,81768],{"className":51,"code":81767,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[20,81769,81770,81813],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81771,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788,81791,81793,81795,81797,81800,81802,81804,81806,81809,81811],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81773,5911],{"class":286},[58,81775,290],{"class":77},[58,81777,1730],{"class":68},[58,81779,940],{"class":939},[58,81781,374],{"class":943},[58,81783,940],{"class":939},[58,81785,1082],{"class":68},[58,81787,1450],{"class":939},[58,81789,81790],{"class":943},"bb",[58,81792,940],{"class":939},[58,81794,1082],{"class":68},[58,81796,1450],{"class":939},[58,81798,81799],{"class":943},"cccc",[58,81801,940],{"class":939},[58,81803,1082],{"class":68},[58,81805,1450],{"class":939},[58,81807,81808],{"class":943},"ddd",[58,81810,940],{"class":939},[58,81812,1743],{"class":68},[58,81814,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831,81833,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81816,65],{"class":64},[58,81818,69],{"class":68},[58,81820,80814],{"class":64},[58,81822,69],{"class":68},[58,81824,5942],{"class":239},[58,81826,1082],{"class":68},[58,81828,19732],{"class":7313},[58,81830,290],{"class":77},[58,81832,35823],{"class":126},[58,81834,41008],{"class":35826},[58,81836,973],{"class":68},[58,81838,36550],{"class":64},[58,81840,69],{"class":68},[58,81842,32868],{"class":239},[58,81844,1002],{"class":68},[16,81846,132],{},[49,81848,81850],{"className":51,"code":81849,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"cccc\n",[20,81851,81852],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81853,81854],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81855,81849],{"class":286},[16,81857,47719,81858,2512,81860,81862],{},[20,81859,81663],{},[20,81861,76759],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[44,81864,34775,81866,34778],{"id":81865},"using-the-default-argument",[20,81867,81110],{},[16,81869,18,81870,81872],{},[20,81871,81110],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[16,81874,81875],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[49,81877,81879],{"className":51,"code":81878,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[20,81880,81881,81889],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81882,81883,81885,81887],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81884,1725],{"class":286},[58,81886,290],{"class":77},[58,81888,5971],{"class":68},[58,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81892,65],{"class":64},[58,81894,69],{"class":68},[58,81896,80814],{"class":64},[58,81898,69],{"class":68},[58,81900,1757],{"class":239},[58,81902,1082],{"class":68},[58,81904,24678],{"class":7313},[58,81906,290],{"class":77},[58,81908,183],{"class":81},[58,81910,85],{"class":68},[16,81912,132],{},[49,81914,81915],{"className":51,"code":45420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,81916,81917],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81918,81919],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81920,45420],{"class":81},[16,81922,81923],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[16,81925,81926,81927,81929],{},"Without ",[20,81928,81110],{},", this would raise an error.",[16,81931,50250],{},[49,81933,81935],{"className":51,"code":81934,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[20,81936,81937,81945,81972],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81938,81939,81941,81943],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81940,2187],{"class":286},[58,81942,290],{"class":77},[58,81944,5971],{"class":68},[58,81946,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81968,81970],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,81948,301],{"class":286},[58,81950,290],{"class":77},[58,81952,81161],{"class":64},[58,81954,69],{"class":68},[58,81956,2231],{"class":239},[58,81958,1082],{"class":68},[58,81960,24678],{"class":7313},[58,81962,290],{"class":77},[58,81964,940],{"class":939},[58,81966,81967],{"class":943},"no words found",[58,81969,940],{"class":939},[58,81971,243],{"class":68},[58,81973,81974,81976,81978,81980],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,81975,65],{"class":64},[58,81977,69],{"class":68},[58,81979,340],{"class":239},[58,81981,243],{"class":68},[16,81983,132],{},[49,81985,81987],{"className":51,"code":81986,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"no words found\n",[20,81988,81989],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,81990,81991],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,81992,81986],{"class":286},[16,81994,81995],{},"Important:",[28,81997,81998,82006],{},[31,81999,82000,82002,82003],{},[20,82001,81110],{}," works with ",[20,82004,82005],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[31,82007,39071,82008,82010,82011],{},[1855,82009,2751],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[20,82012,82013],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[44,82015,46155],{"id":46154},[16,82017,82018,82019,499],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[20,82020,80755],{},[617,82022,82024,82026],{"id":82023},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[20,82025,38869],{}," with an empty iterable",[16,82028,82029,82030,44076,82032,499],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[20,82031,81110],{},[20,82033,38869],{},[49,82035,82037],{"className":51,"code":82036,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[20,82038,82039,82047],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82040,82041,82043,82045],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82042,1725],{"class":286},[58,82044,290],{"class":77},[58,82046,5971],{"class":68},[58,82048,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057,82059],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82050,65],{"class":64},[58,82052,69],{"class":68},[58,82054,80814],{"class":64},[58,82056,69],{"class":68},[58,82058,1757],{"class":239},[58,82060,85],{"class":68},[16,82062,27837],{},[49,82064,82066],{"className":51,"code":82065,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[20,82067,82068],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82069,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82081,82083],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82071,38869],{"class":991},[58,82073,973],{"class":68},[58,82075,81161],{"class":64},[58,82077,5496],{"class":68},[58,82079,82080],{"class":286}," arg ",[58,82082,10338],{"class":77},[58,82084,82085],{"class":286}," an empty sequence\n",[16,82087,82088,82089,973],{},"Fix it by using ",[20,82090,81110],{},[49,82092,82094],{"className":51,"code":82093,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[20,82095,82096,82104],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82097,82098,82100,82102],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82099,1725],{"class":286},[58,82101,290],{"class":77},[58,82103,5971],{"class":68},[58,82105,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114,82116,82118,82120,82122,82124],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82107,65],{"class":64},[58,82109,69],{"class":68},[58,82111,80814],{"class":64},[58,82113,69],{"class":68},[58,82115,1757],{"class":239},[58,82117,1082],{"class":68},[58,82119,24678],{"class":7313},[58,82121,290],{"class":77},[58,82123,1891],{"class":1966},[58,82125,85],{"class":68},[16,82127,82128,82129,499],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[374,82130,64013],{"href":71052},[617,82132,82134,82136],{"id":82133},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[20,82135,1098],{}," when items cannot be compared",[16,82138,82139,82140,499],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[20,82141,1098],{},[49,82143,82145],{"className":51,"code":82144,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[20,82146,82147,82171],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82148,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82150,5911],{"class":286},[58,82152,290],{"class":77},[58,82154,1730],{"class":68},[58,82156,408],{"class":81},[58,82158,1082],{"class":68},[58,82160,1450],{"class":939},[58,82162,13903],{"class":943},[58,82164,940],{"class":939},[58,82166,1082],{"class":68},[58,82168,5927],{"class":81},[58,82170,1743],{"class":68},[58,82172,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181,82183],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82174,65],{"class":64},[58,82176,69],{"class":68},[58,82178,80814],{"class":64},[58,82180,69],{"class":68},[58,82182,5942],{"class":239},[58,82184,85],{"class":68},[16,82186,82187],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[16,82189,82190],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[49,82192,82194],{"className":51,"code":82193,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[20,82195,82196,82216],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82197,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82199,5911],{"class":286},[58,82201,290],{"class":77},[58,82203,1730],{"class":68},[58,82205,408],{"class":81},[58,82207,1082],{"class":68},[58,82209,5922],{"class":81},[58,82211,1082],{"class":68},[58,82213,5927],{"class":81},[58,82215,1743],{"class":68},[58,82217,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82219,65],{"class":64},[58,82221,69],{"class":68},[58,82223,80814],{"class":64},[58,82225,69],{"class":68},[58,82227,5942],{"class":239},[58,82229,85],{"class":68},[16,82231,82232,82233,499],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[374,82234,82236],{"href":82235},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[617,82238,82240,82242],{"id":82239},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[20,82241,1098],{}," when called with no arguments",[16,82244,82245,82247],{},[20,82246,80755],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[49,82249,82251],{"className":51,"code":82250,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(max())\n",[20,82252,82253],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82254,82255,82257,82259,82261],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82256,65],{"class":64},[58,82258,69],{"class":68},[58,82260,80814],{"class":64},[58,82262,5324],{"class":68},[16,82264,1095,82265,499],{},[20,82266,1098],{},[44,82268,82270,8725,82272],{"id":82269},"max-vs-sorted",[20,82271,80755],{},[20,82273,72598],{},[16,82275,82276],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[16,82278,82279,973],{},[20,82280,80755],{},[28,82282,82283],{},[31,82284,82285],{},"Returns one largest item",[16,82287,82288,973],{},[20,82289,72598],{},[28,82291,82292],{},[31,82293,82294],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[16,82296,276],{},[49,82298,82300],{"className":51,"code":82299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[20,82301,82302,82326,82330,82344],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82303,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82305,1725],{"class":286},[58,82307,290],{"class":77},[58,82309,1730],{"class":68},[58,82311,123],{"class":81},[58,82313,1082],{"class":68},[58,82315,4487],{"class":81},[58,82317,1082],{"class":68},[58,82319,1085],{"class":81},[58,82321,1082],{"class":68},[58,82323,2725],{"class":81},[58,82325,1743],{"class":68},[58,82327,82328],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82329,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,82331,82332,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,82333,65],{"class":64},[58,82335,69],{"class":68},[58,82337,80814],{"class":64},[58,82339,69],{"class":68},[58,82341,1757],{"class":239},[58,82343,85],{"class":68},[58,82345,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,82347,65],{"class":64},[58,82349,69],{"class":68},[58,82351,72688],{"class":64},[58,82353,69],{"class":68},[58,82355,1757],{"class":239},[58,82357,85],{"class":68},[16,82359,132],{},[49,82361,82363],{"className":51,"code":82362,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[20,82364,82365,82369],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82366,82367],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82368,459],{"class":81},[58,82370,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82372,2016],{"class":68},[58,82374,117],{"class":81},[58,82376,1082],{"class":68},[58,82378,531],{"class":81},[58,82380,1082],{"class":68},[58,82382,2725],{"class":81},[58,82384,1082],{"class":68},[58,82386,4487],{"class":81},[58,82388,1743],{"class":68},[16,82390,155,82391,82393],{},[20,82392,80755],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[16,82395,155,82396,82400],{},[374,82397,82398],{"href":72695},[20,82399,72598],{}," when you need all items in order.",[16,82402,82403,82404,499],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[374,82405,82407],{"href":82406},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[20,82408,82409],{},"min()",[44,82411,914],{"id":913},[16,82413,82414],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[28,82416,82417,82424,82427,82432,82435],{},[31,82418,27806,82419,82421,82422],{},[20,82420,80755],{}," on an empty list without ",[20,82423,81110],{},[31,82425,82426],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[31,82428,6588,82429,82431],{},[20,82430,80755],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[31,82433,82434],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[31,82436,6552,82437,82439],{},[20,82438,81110],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[16,82441,9254],{},[49,82443,82445],{"className":51,"code":82444,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[20,82446,82447,82457,82471,82485,82499,82521],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82448,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82450,65],{"class":64},[58,82452,69],{"class":68},[58,82454,5942],{"class":239},[58,82456,243],{"class":68},[58,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82460,65],{"class":64},[58,82462,69],{"class":68},[58,82464,1316],{"class":991},[58,82466,69],{"class":68},[58,82468,5942],{"class":239},[58,82470,85],{"class":68},[58,82472,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,82474,65],{"class":64},[58,82476,69],{"class":68},[58,82478,9303],{"class":64},[58,82480,69],{"class":68},[58,82482,5942],{"class":239},[58,82484,85],{"class":68},[58,82486,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,82488,65],{"class":64},[58,82490,69],{"class":68},[58,82492,80814],{"class":64},[58,82494,69],{"class":68},[58,82496,5942],{"class":239},[58,82498,85],{"class":68},[58,82500,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,82502,65],{"class":64},[58,82504,69],{"class":68},[58,82506,80814],{"class":64},[58,82508,69],{"class":68},[58,82510,5942],{"class":239},[58,82512,1082],{"class":68},[58,82514,24678],{"class":7313},[58,82516,290],{"class":77},[58,82518,1891],{"class":1966},[58,82520,85],{"class":68},[58,82522,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,82524,65],{"class":64},[58,82526,1076],{"class":68},[58,82528,1316],{"class":991},[58,82530,69],{"class":68},[58,82532,240],{"class":239},[58,82534,1770],{"class":68},[58,82536,1992],{"class":1991},[58,82538,1995],{"class":239},[58,82540,1998],{"class":1991},[58,82542,4092],{"class":239},[58,82544,2004],{"class":68},[16,82546,82547],{},"These are useful for checking:",[28,82549,82550,82555,82560,82563],{},[31,82551,82552,82553],{},"What is actually inside ",[20,82554,5942],{},[31,82556,77925,82557,82559],{},[20,82558,5942],{}," is a list or some other type",[31,82561,82562],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[31,82564,82565],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[16,82567,67521,82568,82571,82572,82574],{},[20,82569,82570],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[20,82573,5942],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[44,82576,1555],{"id":1554},[617,82578,3265,82580,3268],{"id":82579},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[20,82581,80755],{},[16,82583,82584],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[617,82586,3293,82588,82590],{"id":82587},"can-max-work-with-strings",[20,82589,80755],{}," work with strings?",[16,82592,82593],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[617,82595,69820],{"id":69819},[16,82597,82598,50665,82600,82602,82603,82605],{},[20,82599,80755],{},[20,82601,38869],{}," unless you use the ",[20,82604,81110],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[617,82607,82609,82610,573],{"id":82608},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[20,82611,80755],{},[16,82613,155,82614,973],{},[20,82615,81663],{},[49,82617,82618],{"className":51,"code":81591,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,82619,82620,82652],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82621,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82623,2187],{"class":286},[58,82625,290],{"class":77},[58,82627,1730],{"class":68},[58,82629,940],{"class":939},[58,82631,35210],{"class":943},[58,82633,940],{"class":939},[58,82635,1082],{"class":68},[58,82637,1450],{"class":939},[58,82639,66500],{"class":943},[58,82641,940],{"class":939},[58,82643,1082],{"class":68},[58,82645,1450],{"class":939},[58,82647,56299],{"class":943},[58,82649,940],{"class":939},[58,82651,1743],{"class":68},[58,82653,82654,82656,82658,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82655,65],{"class":64},[58,82657,69],{"class":68},[58,82659,80814],{"class":64},[58,82661,69],{"class":68},[58,82663,2231],{"class":239},[58,82665,1082],{"class":68},[58,82667,19732],{"class":7313},[58,82669,290],{"class":77},[58,82671,9303],{"class":64},[58,82673,85],{"class":68},[617,82675,3303,82677,2512,82679,573],{"id":82676},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[20,82678,80755],{},[20,82680,72598],{},[16,82682,82683,82685,82686,82688],{},[20,82684,80755],{}," returns one largest item. ",[20,82687,72598],{}," returns all items in order.",[44,82690,1603],{"id":1602},[28,82692,82693,82699,82705,82711,82715,82719],{},[31,82694,82695],{},[374,82696,82697,1612],{"href":82406},[20,82698,82409],{},[31,82700,82701],{},[374,82702,82703,1612],{"href":72695},[20,82704,72598],{},[31,82706,82707],{},[374,82708,82709,1612],{"href":40524},[20,82710,40527],{},[31,82712,82713],{},[374,82714,57128],{"href":57127},[31,82716,82717],{},[374,82718,64013],{"href":71052},[31,82720,82721],{},[374,82722,82236],{"href":82235},[1635,82724,82725],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":82727},[82728,82729,82731,82732,82734,82736,82738,82743,82745,82753,82755,82756,82767],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":80945,"depth":88,"text":82730},"What max() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":81114,"depth":88,"text":82733},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":81284,"depth":88,"text":82735},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":81419,"depth":88,"text":82737},"Using max() with strings",{"id":76876,"depth":88,"text":78074,"children":82739},[82740,82741,82742],{"id":81587,"depth":104,"text":81588},{"id":81676,"depth":104,"text":81677},{"id":81758,"depth":104,"text":81759},{"id":81865,"depth":88,"text":82744},"Using the default argument",{"id":46154,"depth":88,"text":46155,"children":82746},[82747,82749,82751],{"id":82023,"depth":104,"text":82748},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":82133,"depth":104,"text":82750},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":82239,"depth":104,"text":82752},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":82269,"depth":88,"text":82754},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":82757},[82758,82760,82762,82763,82765],{"id":82579,"depth":104,"text":82759},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":82587,"depth":104,"text":82761},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":69819,"depth":104,"text":69820},{"id":82608,"depth":104,"text":82764},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":82676,"depth":104,"text":82766},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":80747,"description":82768},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":82775,"title":82776,"body":82777,"description":84731,"extension":1667,"meta":84732,"navigation":318,"path":84733,"seo":84734,"stem":84735,"__hash__":84736},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":82778,"toc":84688},[82779,82784,82789,82795,82797,82871,82873,82886,82891,82896,82912,82916,82921,82997,83003,83006,83049,83051,83059,83065,83068,83099,83101,83109,83115,83120,83179,83181,83190,83193,83203,83209,83214,83249,83251,83259,83265,83271,83276,83320,83322,83331,83334,83374,83376,83385,83388,83400,83405,83410,83461,83463,83472,83475,83526,83528,83537,83540,83547,83553,83558,83560,83575,83579,83639,83641,83650,83654,83826,83828,83865,83872,83878,83881,83908,83910,83931,83936,83971,83973,83981,83984,83987,84003,84008,84010,84014,84020,84024,84051,84054,84064,84104,84108,84111,84154,84156,84165,84168,84173,84242,84244,84252,84257,84261,84264,84315,84317,84325,84328,84391,84393,84401,84404,84409,84413,84426,84433,84441,84443,84445,84475,84481,84582,84592,84594,84599,84602,84607,84610,84612,84620,84628,84636,84643,84651,84653,84685],[12,82780,1681,82782,1685],{"id":82781},"python-min-function-explained",[20,82783,82409],{},[16,82785,82786,82788],{},[20,82787,82409],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[16,82790,82791,82792,82794],{},"This page explains what ",[20,82793,82409],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[44,82796,47],{"id":46},[49,82798,82800],{"className":51,"code":82799,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[20,82801,82802,82826,82841,82845],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82803,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82805,1725],{"class":286},[58,82807,290],{"class":77},[58,82809,1730],{"class":68},[58,82811,200],{"class":81},[58,82813,1082],{"class":68},[58,82815,1085],{"class":81},[58,82817,1082],{"class":68},[58,82819,52307],{"class":81},[58,82821,1082],{"class":68},[58,82823,3623],{"class":81},[58,82825,1743],{"class":68},[58,82827,82828,82830,82832,82835,82837,82839],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82829,65],{"class":64},[58,82831,69],{"class":68},[58,82833,82834],{"class":64},"min",[58,82836,69],{"class":68},[58,82838,1757],{"class":239},[58,82840,85],{"class":68},[58,82842,82843],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,82844,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,82846,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,82848,65],{"class":64},[58,82850,69],{"class":68},[58,82852,82834],{"class":64},[58,82854,69],{"class":68},[58,82856,200],{"class":81},[58,82858,1082],{"class":68},[58,82860,1085],{"class":81},[58,82862,1082],{"class":68},[58,82864,52307],{"class":81},[58,82866,1082],{"class":68},[58,82868,3623],{"class":81},[58,82870,85],{"class":68},[16,82872,132],{},[49,82874,82876],{"className":51,"code":82875,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1\n1\n",[20,82877,82878,82882],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82879,82880],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82881,45085],{"class":81},[58,82883,82884],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82885,45085],{"class":81},[16,82887,155,82888,82890],{},[20,82889,82409],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[44,82892,1788,82894,1791],{"id":82893},"what-min-does",[20,82895,82409],{},[28,82897,82898,82903,82906,82909],{},[31,82899,82900,82902],{},[20,82901,82409],{}," returns the smallest item",[31,82904,82905],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[31,82907,82908],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[31,82910,82911],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[44,82913,82915],{"id":82914},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[16,82917,82918,82919,973],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[20,82920,82409],{},[49,82922,82924],{"className":51,"code":82923,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[20,82925,82926,82936,82961,82979],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,82927,82928,82930,82932,82934],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,82929,82834],{"class":64},[58,82931,69],{"class":68},[58,82933,1832],{"class":239},[58,82935,243],{"class":68},[58,82937,82938,82940,82942,82945,82947,82950,82952,82955,82957,82959],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,82939,82834],{"class":64},[58,82941,69],{"class":68},[58,82943,82944],{"class":239},"value1",[58,82946,1082],{"class":68},[58,82948,82949],{"class":239}," value2",[58,82951,1082],{"class":68},[58,82953,82954],{"class":239}," value3",[58,82956,1082],{"class":68},[58,82958,32613],{"class":64},[58,82960,243],{"class":68},[58,82962,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,82964,82834],{"class":64},[58,82966,69],{"class":68},[58,82968,1832],{"class":239},[58,82970,1082],{"class":68},[58,82972,19732],{"class":7313},[58,82974,290],{"class":77},[58,82976,35534],{"class":64},[58,82978,243],{"class":68},[58,82980,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,82982,82834],{"class":64},[58,82984,69],{"class":68},[58,82986,1832],{"class":239},[58,82988,1082],{"class":68},[58,82990,24678],{"class":7313},[58,82992,290],{"class":77},[58,82994,35534],{"class":64},[58,82996,243],{"class":68},[617,82998,83000],{"id":82999},"miniterable",[20,83001,83002],{},"min(iterable)",[16,83004,83005],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[49,83007,83009],{"className":51,"code":83008,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[20,83010,83011,83035],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83012,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83014,1725],{"class":286},[58,83016,290],{"class":77},[58,83018,1730],{"class":68},[58,83020,423],{"class":81},[58,83022,1082],{"class":68},[58,83024,531],{"class":81},[58,83026,1082],{"class":68},[58,83028,29100],{"class":81},[58,83030,1082],{"class":68},[58,83032,3623],{"class":81},[58,83034,1743],{"class":68},[58,83036,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83038,65],{"class":64},[58,83040,69],{"class":68},[58,83042,82834],{"class":64},[58,83044,69],{"class":68},[58,83046,1757],{"class":239},[58,83048,85],{"class":68},[16,83050,132],{},[49,83052,83053],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,83054,83055],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83056,83057],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83058,45085],{"class":81},[617,83060,83062],{"id":83061},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[20,83063,83064],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[16,83066,83067],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[49,83069,83071],{"className":51,"code":83070,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[20,83072,83073],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83074,83075,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093,83095,83097],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83076,65],{"class":64},[58,83078,69],{"class":68},[58,83080,82834],{"class":64},[58,83082,69],{"class":68},[58,83084,423],{"class":81},[58,83086,1082],{"class":68},[58,83088,531],{"class":81},[58,83090,1082],{"class":68},[58,83092,29100],{"class":81},[58,83094,1082],{"class":68},[58,83096,3623],{"class":81},[58,83098,85],{"class":68},[16,83100,132],{},[49,83102,83103],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,83104,83105],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83106,83107],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83108,45085],{"class":81},[617,83110,83112],{"id":83111},"miniterable-key",[20,83113,83114],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[16,83116,155,83117,83119],{},[20,83118,12989],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[49,83121,83123],{"className":51,"code":83122,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[20,83124,83125,83157],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83126,83127,83129,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83128,2187],{"class":286},[58,83130,290],{"class":77},[58,83132,1730],{"class":68},[58,83134,940],{"class":939},[58,83136,76918],{"class":943},[58,83138,940],{"class":939},[58,83140,1082],{"class":68},[58,83142,1450],{"class":939},[58,83144,36505],{"class":943},[58,83146,940],{"class":939},[58,83148,1082],{"class":68},[58,83150,1450],{"class":939},[58,83152,2205],{"class":943},[58,83154,940],{"class":939},[58,83156,1743],{"class":68},[58,83158,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83160,65],{"class":64},[58,83162,69],{"class":68},[58,83164,82834],{"class":64},[58,83166,69],{"class":68},[58,83168,2231],{"class":239},[58,83170,1082],{"class":68},[58,83172,19732],{"class":7313},[58,83174,290],{"class":77},[58,83176,9303],{"class":64},[58,83178,85],{"class":68},[16,83180,132],{},[49,83182,83184],{"className":51,"code":83183,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"kiwi\n",[20,83185,83186],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83187,83188],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83189,83183],{"class":286},[16,83191,83192],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[16,83194,83195,83196,83198,83199,499],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[20,83197,40527],{},", see the ",[374,83200,83201,1612],{"href":40524},[20,83202,40527],{},[617,83204,83206],{"id":83205},"miniterable-default",[20,83207,83208],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[16,83210,155,83211,83213],{},[20,83212,81110],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[49,83215,83217],{"className":51,"code":83216,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[20,83218,83219,83227],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83220,83221,83223,83225],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83222,1725],{"class":286},[58,83224,290],{"class":77},[58,83226,5971],{"class":68},[58,83228,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83230,65],{"class":64},[58,83232,69],{"class":68},[58,83234,82834],{"class":64},[58,83236,69],{"class":68},[58,83238,1757],{"class":239},[58,83240,1082],{"class":68},[58,83242,24678],{"class":7313},[58,83244,290],{"class":77},[58,83246,183],{"class":81},[58,83248,85],{"class":68},[16,83250,132],{},[49,83252,83253],{"className":51,"code":45420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,83254,83255],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83256,83257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83258,45420],{"class":81},[16,83260,83261,83262,83264],{},"This avoids a ",[20,83263,38869],{}," when there is no item to return.",[44,83266,6552,83268,83270],{"id":83267},"using-min-with-numbers",[20,83269,82409],{}," with numbers",[16,83272,83273,83275],{},[20,83274,82409],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[49,83277,83279],{"className":51,"code":83278,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[20,83280,83281,83306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83282,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83284,3186],{"class":286},[58,83286,290],{"class":77},[58,83288,1730],{"class":68},[58,83290,49675],{"class":81},[58,83292,1082],{"class":68},[58,83294,83295],{"class":81}," 72",[58,83297,1082],{"class":68},[58,83299,27062],{"class":81},[58,83301,1082],{"class":68},[58,83303,74274],{"class":81},[58,83305,1743],{"class":68},[58,83307,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83309,65],{"class":64},[58,83311,69],{"class":68},[58,83313,82834],{"class":64},[58,83315,69],{"class":68},[58,83317,14538],{"class":239},[58,83319,85],{"class":68},[16,83321,132],{},[49,83323,83325],{"className":51,"code":83324,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"60\n",[20,83326,83327],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83328,83329],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83330,83324],{"class":81},[16,83332,83333],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[49,83335,83337],{"className":51,"code":83336,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[20,83338,83339,83360],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83340,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83354,83356,83358],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83342,81222],{"class":286},[58,83344,290],{"class":77},[58,83346,1730],{"class":68},[58,83348,38563],{"class":81},[58,83350,1082],{"class":68},[58,83352,83353],{"class":81}," 5.49",[58,83355,1082],{"class":68},[58,83357,81238],{"class":81},[58,83359,1743],{"class":68},[58,83361,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83363,65],{"class":64},[58,83365,69],{"class":68},[58,83367,82834],{"class":64},[58,83369,69],{"class":68},[58,83371,81258],{"class":239},[58,83373,85],{"class":68},[16,83375,132],{},[49,83377,83379],{"className":51,"code":83378,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5.49\n",[20,83380,83381],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83382,83383],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83384,83378],{"class":81},[16,83386,83387],{},"This is useful for things like:",[28,83389,83390,83392,83394,83397],{},[31,83391,14538],{},[31,83393,81258],{},[31,83395,83396],{},"measurements",[31,83398,83399],{},"ages",[44,83401,6552,83403,45227],{"id":83402},"using-min-with-strings",[20,83404,82409],{},[16,83406,83407,83409],{},[20,83408,82409],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[49,83411,83413],{"className":51,"code":83412,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[20,83414,83415,83447],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83416,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83418,2187],{"class":286},[58,83420,290],{"class":77},[58,83422,1730],{"class":68},[58,83424,940],{"class":939},[58,83426,2205],{"class":943},[58,83428,940],{"class":939},[58,83430,1082],{"class":68},[58,83432,1450],{"class":939},[58,83434,2196],{"class":943},[58,83436,940],{"class":939},[58,83438,1082],{"class":68},[58,83440,1450],{"class":939},[58,83442,2214],{"class":943},[58,83444,940],{"class":939},[58,83446,1743],{"class":68},[58,83448,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83450,65],{"class":64},[58,83452,69],{"class":68},[58,83454,82834],{"class":64},[58,83456,69],{"class":68},[58,83458,2231],{"class":239},[58,83460,85],{"class":68},[16,83462,132],{},[49,83464,83466],{"className":51,"code":83465,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"apple\n",[20,83467,83468],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83469,83470],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83471,83465],{"class":286},[16,83473,83474],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[49,83476,83478],{"className":51,"code":83477,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[20,83479,83480,83512],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83481,83482,83484,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83483,2187],{"class":286},[58,83485,290],{"class":77},[58,83487,1730],{"class":68},[58,83489,940],{"class":939},[58,83491,2205],{"class":943},[58,83493,940],{"class":939},[58,83495,1082],{"class":68},[58,83497,1450],{"class":939},[58,83499,55940],{"class":943},[58,83501,940],{"class":939},[58,83503,1082],{"class":68},[58,83505,1450],{"class":939},[58,83507,2214],{"class":943},[58,83509,940],{"class":939},[58,83511,1743],{"class":68},[58,83513,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83515,65],{"class":64},[58,83517,69],{"class":68},[58,83519,82834],{"class":64},[58,83521,69],{"class":68},[58,83523,2231],{"class":239},[58,83525,85],{"class":68},[16,83527,132],{},[49,83529,83531],{"className":51,"code":83530,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Apple\n",[20,83532,83533],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83534,83535],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83536,83530],{"class":286},[16,83538,83539],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[16,83541,83542,83543,499],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[374,83544,83545,3909],{"href":72695},[20,83546,72598],{},[44,83548,6552,83550,83552],{"id":83549},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[20,83551,82409],{}," with a key function",[16,83554,18,83555,83557],{},[20,83556,12989],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[16,83559,9601],{},[28,83561,83562,83567,83572],{},[31,83563,83564,83566],{},[20,83565,12989],{}," changes the comparison rule",[31,83568,83569,83571],{},[20,83570,82409],{}," still returns the original item",[31,83573,83574],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[617,83576,83578],{"id":83577},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[49,83580,83582],{"className":51,"code":83581,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[20,83583,83584,83617],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83585,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83613,83615],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83587,2187],{"class":286},[58,83589,290],{"class":77},[58,83591,1730],{"class":68},[58,83593,940],{"class":939},[58,83595,66500],{"class":943},[58,83597,940],{"class":939},[58,83599,1082],{"class":68},[58,83601,1450],{"class":939},[58,83603,35210],{"class":943},[58,83605,940],{"class":939},[58,83607,1082],{"class":68},[58,83609,1450],{"class":939},[58,83611,83612],{"class":943},"giraffe",[58,83614,940],{"class":939},[58,83616,1743],{"class":68},[58,83618,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83620,65],{"class":64},[58,83622,69],{"class":68},[58,83624,82834],{"class":64},[58,83626,69],{"class":68},[58,83628,2231],{"class":239},[58,83630,1082],{"class":68},[58,83632,19732],{"class":7313},[58,83634,290],{"class":77},[58,83636,9303],{"class":64},[58,83638,85],{"class":68},[16,83640,132],{},[49,83642,83644],{"className":51,"code":83643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"cat\n",[20,83645,83646],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83647,83648],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83649,83643],{"class":286},[617,83651,83653],{"id":83652},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[49,83655,83657],{"className":51,"code":83656,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[20,83658,83659,83669,83704,83736,83768,83772,83776,83815],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83660,83661,83664,83666],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83662,83663],{"class":286},"students ",[58,83665,290],{"class":77},[58,83667,83668],{"class":68}," [\n",[58,83670,83671,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692,83695,83697,83699,83701],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83672,83673],{"class":68},"    {",[58,83675,940],{"class":939},[58,83677,5799],{"class":943},[58,83679,940],{"class":939},[58,83681,973],{"class":68},[58,83683,1450],{"class":939},[58,83685,11026],{"class":943},[58,83687,940],{"class":939},[58,83689,1082],{"class":68},[58,83691,1450],{"class":939},[58,83693,83694],{"class":943},"score",[58,83696,940],{"class":939},[58,83698,973],{"class":68},[58,83700,11654],{"class":81},[58,83702,83703],{"class":68},"},\n",[58,83705,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,83707,83673],{"class":68},[58,83709,940],{"class":939},[58,83711,5799],{"class":943},[58,83713,940],{"class":939},[58,83715,973],{"class":68},[58,83717,1450],{"class":939},[58,83719,34102],{"class":943},[58,83721,940],{"class":939},[58,83723,1082],{"class":68},[58,83725,1450],{"class":939},[58,83727,83694],{"class":943},[58,83729,940],{"class":939},[58,83731,973],{"class":68},[58,83733,83295],{"class":81},[58,83735,83703],{"class":68},[58,83737,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,83739,83673],{"class":68},[58,83741,940],{"class":939},[58,83743,5799],{"class":943},[58,83745,940],{"class":939},[58,83747,973],{"class":68},[58,83749,1450],{"class":939},[58,83751,34111],{"class":943},[58,83753,940],{"class":939},[58,83755,1082],{"class":68},[58,83757,1450],{"class":939},[58,83759,83694],{"class":943},[58,83761,940],{"class":939},[58,83763,973],{"class":68},[58,83765,18050],{"class":81},[58,83767,7447],{"class":68},[58,83769,83770],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,83771,1743],{"class":68},[58,83773,83774],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,83775,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,83777,83778,83781,83783,83786,83788,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803,83805,83807,83809,83811,83813],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,83779,83780],{"class":286},"lowest ",[58,83782,290],{"class":77},[58,83784,83785],{"class":64}," min",[58,83787,69],{"class":68},[58,83789,83790],{"class":239},"students",[58,83792,1082],{"class":68},[58,83794,19732],{"class":7313},[58,83796,290],{"class":77},[58,83798,35823],{"class":126},[58,83800,11052],{"class":35826},[58,83802,973],{"class":68},[58,83804,11052],{"class":239},[58,83806,2016],{"class":68},[58,83808,940],{"class":939},[58,83810,83694],{"class":943},[58,83812,940],{"class":939},[58,83814,2004],{"class":68},[58,83816,83817,83819,83821,83824],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,83818,65],{"class":64},[58,83820,69],{"class":68},[58,83822,83823],{"class":239},"lowest",[58,83825,243],{"class":68},[16,83827,132],{},[49,83829,83831],{"className":51,"code":83830,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[20,83832,83833],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83834,83835,83837,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83836,7416],{"class":68},[58,83838,1396],{"class":939},[58,83840,5799],{"class":943},[58,83842,1396],{"class":939},[58,83844,973],{"class":68},[58,83846,1391],{"class":939},[58,83848,34102],{"class":943},[58,83850,1396],{"class":939},[58,83852,1082],{"class":68},[58,83854,1391],{"class":939},[58,83856,83694],{"class":943},[58,83858,1396],{"class":939},[58,83860,973],{"class":68},[58,83862,83295],{"class":81},[58,83864,7447],{"class":68},[16,83866,83867,83868,83871],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[20,83869,83870],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[44,83873,6552,83875,83877],{"id":83874},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[20,83876,81110],{}," with empty iterables",[16,83879,83880],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[49,83882,83884],{"className":51,"code":83883,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[20,83885,83886,83894],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83887,83888,83890,83892],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83889,1725],{"class":286},[58,83891,290],{"class":77},[58,83893,5971],{"class":68},[58,83895,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83897,65],{"class":64},[58,83899,69],{"class":68},[58,83901,82834],{"class":64},[58,83903,69],{"class":68},[58,83905,1757],{"class":239},[58,83907,85],{"class":68},[16,83909,132],{},[49,83911,83913],{"className":51,"code":83912,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[20,83914,83915],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83918,38869],{"class":991},[58,83920,973],{"class":68},[58,83922,83785],{"class":64},[58,83924,5496],{"class":68},[58,83926,82080],{"class":286},[58,83928,10338],{"class":77},[58,83930,82085],{"class":286},[16,83932,83933,83934,973],{},"To avoid that, use ",[20,83935,81110],{},[49,83937,83939],{"className":51,"code":83938,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[20,83940,83941,83949],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83942,83943,83945,83947],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83944,1725],{"class":286},[58,83946,290],{"class":77},[58,83948,5971],{"class":68},[58,83950,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,83952,65],{"class":64},[58,83954,69],{"class":68},[58,83956,82834],{"class":64},[58,83958,69],{"class":68},[58,83960,1757],{"class":239},[58,83962,1082],{"class":68},[58,83964,24678],{"class":7313},[58,83966,290],{"class":77},[58,83968,1891],{"class":1966},[58,83970,85],{"class":68},[16,83972,132],{},[49,83974,83975],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,83976,83977],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,83978,83979],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,83980,9952],{"class":1966},[16,83982,83983],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[16,83985,83986],{},"Remember:",[28,83988,83989,83997],{},[31,83990,83991,83993,83994,83996],{},[20,83992,81110],{}," works only when ",[20,83995,82409],{}," gets one iterable argument",[31,83998,83999,84000],{},"It does not work with ",[20,84001,84002],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[16,84004,84005,84006,499],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[374,84007,64013],{"href":71052},[44,84009,8885],{"id":8884},[16,84011,54947,84012,499],{},[20,84013,82409],{},[617,84015,84017,84018],{"id":84016},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[20,84019,81110],{},[16,84021,1095,84022,973],{},[20,84023,38869],{},[49,84025,84027],{"className":51,"code":84026,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[20,84028,84029,84037],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84030,84031,84033,84035],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84032,5911],{"class":286},[58,84034,290],{"class":77},[58,84036,5971],{"class":68},[58,84038,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047,84049],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84040,65],{"class":64},[58,84042,69],{"class":68},[58,84044,82834],{"class":64},[58,84046,69],{"class":68},[58,84048,5942],{"class":239},[58,84050,85],{"class":68},[16,84052,84053],{},"Fix it by:",[28,84055,84056,84059],{},[31,84057,84058],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[31,84060,84061,84062],{},"or using ",[20,84063,81110],{},[49,84065,84067],{"className":51,"code":84066,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[20,84068,84069,84077],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84070,84071,84073,84075],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84072,5911],{"class":286},[58,84074,290],{"class":77},[58,84076,5971],{"class":68},[58,84078,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84100,84102],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84080,65],{"class":64},[58,84082,69],{"class":68},[58,84084,82834],{"class":64},[58,84086,69],{"class":68},[58,84088,5942],{"class":239},[58,84090,1082],{"class":68},[58,84092,24678],{"class":7313},[58,84094,290],{"class":77},[58,84096,940],{"class":939},[58,84098,84099],{"class":943},"no items",[58,84101,940],{"class":939},[58,84103,85],{"class":68},[617,84105,84107],{"id":84106},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[16,84109,84110],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[49,84112,84114],{"className":51,"code":84113,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[20,84115,84116,84140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84117,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84119,7303],{"class":286},[58,84121,290],{"class":77},[58,84123,1730],{"class":68},[58,84125,408],{"class":81},[58,84127,1082],{"class":68},[58,84129,1450],{"class":939},[58,84131,13903],{"class":943},[58,84133,940],{"class":939},[58,84135,1082],{"class":68},[58,84137,2725],{"class":81},[58,84139,1743],{"class":68},[58,84141,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84143,65],{"class":64},[58,84145,69],{"class":68},[58,84147,82834],{"class":64},[58,84149,69],{"class":68},[58,84151,7342],{"class":239},[58,84153,85],{"class":68},[16,84155,132],{},[49,84157,84159],{"className":51,"code":84158,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"TypeError\n",[20,84160,84161],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84162,84163],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84164,84158],{"class":991},[16,84166,84167],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[16,84169,84170,84171,499],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[20,84172,82409],{},[49,84174,84176],{"className":51,"code":84175,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[20,84177,84178,84202,84228],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84179,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192,84194,84196,84198,84200],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84181,7303],{"class":286},[58,84183,290],{"class":77},[58,84185,1730],{"class":68},[58,84187,408],{"class":81},[58,84189,1082],{"class":68},[58,84191,1450],{"class":939},[58,84193,13903],{"class":943},[58,84195,940],{"class":939},[58,84197,1082],{"class":68},[58,84199,2725],{"class":81},[58,84201,1743],{"class":68},[58,84203,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224,84226],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84205,1725],{"class":286},[58,84207,290],{"class":77},[58,84209,1730],{"class":68},[58,84211,256],{"class":991},[58,84213,69],{"class":68},[58,84215,240],{"class":239},[58,84217,1770],{"class":68},[58,84219,1992],{"class":1991},[58,84221,1995],{"class":286},[58,84223,1998],{"class":1991},[58,84225,12714],{"class":286},[58,84227,1743],{"class":68},[58,84229,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,84231,65],{"class":64},[58,84233,69],{"class":68},[58,84235,82834],{"class":64},[58,84237,69],{"class":68},[58,84239,1757],{"class":239},[58,84241,85],{"class":68},[16,84243,132],{},[49,84245,84246],{"className":51,"code":1037,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,84247,84248],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84249,84250],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84251,1037],{"class":81},[16,84253,84254,84255,499],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[20,84256,1098],{},[617,84258,84260],{"id":84259},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[16,84262,84263],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[49,84265,84267],{"className":51,"code":84266,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[20,84268,84269,84301],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84270,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291,84293,84295,84297,84299],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84272,2187],{"class":286},[58,84274,290],{"class":77},[58,84276,1730],{"class":68},[58,84278,940],{"class":939},[58,84280,77734],{"class":943},[58,84282,940],{"class":939},[58,84284,1082],{"class":68},[58,84286,1450],{"class":939},[58,84288,55940],{"class":943},[58,84290,940],{"class":939},[58,84292,1082],{"class":68},[58,84294,1450],{"class":939},[58,84296,77751],{"class":943},[58,84298,940],{"class":939},[58,84300,1743],{"class":68},[58,84302,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84304,65],{"class":64},[58,84306,69],{"class":68},[58,84308,82834],{"class":64},[58,84310,69],{"class":68},[58,84312,2231],{"class":239},[58,84314,85],{"class":68},[16,84316,132],{},[49,84318,84319],{"className":51,"code":83530,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,84320,84321],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84322,84323],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84324,83530],{"class":286},[16,84326,84327],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[49,84329,84331],{"className":51,"code":84330,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[20,84332,84333,84365],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84334,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357,84359,84361,84363],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84336,2187],{"class":286},[58,84338,290],{"class":77},[58,84340,1730],{"class":68},[58,84342,940],{"class":939},[58,84344,77734],{"class":943},[58,84346,940],{"class":939},[58,84348,1082],{"class":68},[58,84350,1450],{"class":939},[58,84352,55940],{"class":943},[58,84354,940],{"class":939},[58,84356,1082],{"class":68},[58,84358,1450],{"class":939},[58,84360,77751],{"class":943},[58,84362,940],{"class":939},[58,84364,1743],{"class":68},[58,84366,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84368,65],{"class":64},[58,84370,69],{"class":68},[58,84372,82834],{"class":64},[58,84374,69],{"class":68},[58,84376,2231],{"class":239},[58,84378,1082],{"class":68},[58,84380,19732],{"class":7313},[58,84382,290],{"class":77},[58,84384,1542],{"class":991},[58,84386,499],{"class":68},[58,84388,6776],{"class":22904},[58,84390,85],{"class":68},[16,84392,132],{},[49,84394,84395],{"className":51,"code":83530,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,84396,84397],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84398,84399],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84400,83530],{"class":286},[16,84402,84403],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[44,84405,3083,84407],{"id":84406},"when-to-use-min",[20,84408,82409],{},[16,84410,155,84411,8741],{},[20,84412,82409],{},[28,84414,84415,84418,84423],{},[31,84416,84417],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[31,84419,84420,84421],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[20,84422,12989],{},[31,84424,84425],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[16,84427,155,84428,84432],{},[374,84429,84430],{"href":72695},[20,84431,72598],{}," if you need all items in order.",[16,84434,155,84435,84440],{},[374,84436,84438],{"href":84437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[20,84439,80755],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[44,84442,914],{"id":913},[16,84444,82414],{},[28,84446,84447,84455,84458,84463,84470],{},[31,84448,84449,84450,84452,84453],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[20,84451,82409],{}," without using ",[20,84454,81110],{},[31,84456,84457],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[31,84459,6588,84460,84462],{},[20,84461,82409],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[31,84464,2825,84465,84467,84468,83571],{},[20,84466,12989],{}," affects comparison but ",[20,84469,82409],{},[31,84471,6552,84472,84474],{},[20,84473,81110],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[16,84476,84477,84478,84480],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[20,84479,82409],{},", these quick checks can help:",[49,84482,84484],{"className":51,"code":84483,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[20,84485,84486,84500,84510,84524,84538,84560],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84487,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496,84498],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84489,65],{"class":64},[58,84491,69],{"class":68},[58,84493,1316],{"class":991},[58,84495,69],{"class":68},[58,84497,7342],{"class":239},[58,84499,85],{"class":68},[58,84501,84502,84504,84506,84508],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84503,65],{"class":64},[58,84505,69],{"class":68},[58,84507,7342],{"class":239},[58,84509,243],{"class":68},[58,84511,84512,84514,84516,84518,84520,84522],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,84513,65],{"class":64},[58,84515,69],{"class":68},[58,84517,9303],{"class":64},[58,84519,69],{"class":68},[58,84521,7342],{"class":239},[58,84523,85],{"class":68},[58,84525,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,84527,65],{"class":64},[58,84529,69],{"class":68},[58,84531,82834],{"class":64},[58,84533,69],{"class":68},[58,84535,7342],{"class":239},[58,84537,85],{"class":68},[58,84539,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,84541,65],{"class":64},[58,84543,69],{"class":68},[58,84545,82834],{"class":64},[58,84547,69],{"class":68},[58,84549,7342],{"class":239},[58,84551,1082],{"class":68},[58,84553,24678],{"class":7313},[58,84555,290],{"class":77},[58,84557,1891],{"class":1966},[58,84559,85],{"class":68},[58,84561,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,84563,65],{"class":64},[58,84565,69],{"class":68},[58,84567,82834],{"class":64},[58,84569,69],{"class":68},[58,84571,2231],{"class":239},[58,84573,1082],{"class":68},[58,84575,19732],{"class":7313},[58,84577,290],{"class":77},[58,84579,9303],{"class":64},[58,84581,85],{"class":68},[16,84583,84584,84585,84588,84589,84591],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[20,84586,84587],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[20,84590,7342],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[44,84593,1555],{"id":1554},[617,84595,3265,84597,3268],{"id":84596},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[20,84598,82409],{},[16,84600,84601],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[617,84603,3293,84605,82590],{"id":84604},"can-min-work-with-strings",[20,84606,82409],{},[16,84608,84609],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[617,84611,69820],{"id":69819},[16,84613,84614,50665,84616,82602,84618,34784],{},[20,84615,82409],{},[20,84617,38869],{},[20,84619,81110],{},[617,84621,3265,84623,84625,84626,573],{"id":84622},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[20,84624,12989],{}," do in ",[20,84627,82409],{},[16,84629,84630,84632,84633,84635],{},[20,84631,12989],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[20,84634,81663],{}," compares strings by length.",[617,84637,3303,84639,2512,84641,573],{"id":84638},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[20,84640,82409],{},[20,84642,72598],{},[16,84644,84645,84647,84648,84650],{},[20,84646,82409],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[20,84649,72598],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[44,84652,1603],{"id":1602},[28,84654,84655,84661,84667,84673,84677,84681],{},[31,84656,84657],{},[374,84658,84659,1612],{"href":84437},[20,84660,80755],{},[31,84662,84663],{},[374,84664,84665,1612],{"href":72695},[20,84666,72598],{},[31,84668,84669],{},[374,84670,84671,1612],{"href":40524},[20,84672,40527],{},[31,84674,84675],{},[374,84676,78047],{"href":76550},[31,84678,84679],{},[374,84680,57128],{"href":57127},[31,84682,84683],{},[374,84684,64013],{"href":71052},[1635,84686,84687],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":84689},[84690,84691,84693,84699,84701,84703,84708,84710,84716,84718,84719,84730],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":82893,"depth":88,"text":84692},"What min() does",{"id":82914,"depth":88,"text":82915,"children":84694},[84695,84696,84697,84698],{"id":82999,"depth":104,"text":83002},{"id":83061,"depth":104,"text":83064},{"id":83111,"depth":104,"text":83114},{"id":83205,"depth":104,"text":83208},{"id":83267,"depth":88,"text":84700},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":83402,"depth":88,"text":84702},"Using min() with strings",{"id":83549,"depth":88,"text":84704,"children":84705},"Using min() with a key function",[84706,84707],{"id":83577,"depth":104,"text":83578},{"id":83652,"depth":104,"text":83653},{"id":83874,"depth":88,"text":84709},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":8884,"depth":88,"text":8885,"children":84711},[84712,84714,84715],{"id":84016,"depth":104,"text":84713},"Empty list without default",{"id":84106,"depth":104,"text":84107},{"id":84259,"depth":104,"text":84260},{"id":84406,"depth":88,"text":84717},"When to use min()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":84720},[84721,84723,84725,84726,84728],{"id":84596,"depth":104,"text":84722},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":84604,"depth":104,"text":84724},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":69819,"depth":104,"text":69820},{"id":84622,"depth":104,"text":84727},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":84638,"depth":104,"text":84729},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":82776,"description":84731},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":84738,"title":84739,"body":84740,"description":86919,"extension":1667,"meta":86920,"navigation":318,"path":86921,"seo":86922,"stem":86923,"__hash__":86924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":84741,"toc":86883},[84742,84745,84751,84757,84759,84840,84849,84853,84858,84860,84905,84907,84987,84993,84995,84998,85030,85032,85050,85052,85125,85127,85146,85150,85153,85189,85191,85258,85332,85405,85410,85414,85420,85423,85440,85443,85445,85506,85508,85528,85534,85538,85541,85611,85614,85633,85638,85714,85717,85721,85727,85731,85736,85806,85810,85815,85889,85893,85896,85971,85982,85986,85991,86081,86086,86154,86157,86176,86187,86191,86194,86199,86202,86264,86267,86278,86283,86286,86289,86294,86297,86300,86304,86307,86313,86316,86327,86329,86391,86406,86412,86415,86418,86429,86440,86446,86449,86451,86513,86523,86529,86534,86540,86544,86550,86553,86574,86576,86581,86608,86611,86638,86641,86680,86683,86721,86724,86785,86788,86790,86794,86797,86801,86807,86815,86823,86827,86830,86834,86840,86842,86880],[12,84743,84739],{"id":84744},"python-open-function-explained",[16,84746,84747,84750],{},[20,84748,84749],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[16,84752,84753,84754,84756],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[20,84755,84749],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[44,84758,47],{"id":46},[49,84760,84762],{"className":51,"code":84761,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[20,84763,84764,84813,84829],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84765,84766,84769,84772,84774,84776,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84794,84796,84798,84801,84803,84805,84807,84811],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84767,84768],{"class":1991},"with",[58,84770,84771],{"class":64}," open",[58,84773,69],{"class":68},[58,84775,940],{"class":939},[58,84777,84778],{"class":943},"example.txt",[58,84780,940],{"class":939},[58,84782,1082],{"class":68},[58,84784,1450],{"class":939},[58,84786,58678],{"class":943},[58,84788,940],{"class":939},[58,84790,1082],{"class":68},[58,84792,84793],{"class":7313}," encoding",[58,84795,290],{"class":77},[58,84797,940],{"class":939},[58,84799,84800],{"class":943},"utf-8",[58,84802,940],{"class":939},[58,84804,1770],{"class":68},[58,84806,45526],{"class":1991},[58,84808,84810],{"class":84809},"sMMDD"," file",[58,84812,4521],{"class":68},[58,84814,84815,84818,84820,84822,84824,84827],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84816,84817],{"class":286},"    content ",[58,84819,290],{"class":77},[58,84821,84810],{"class":84809},[58,84823,499],{"class":68},[58,84825,84826],{"class":239},"read",[58,84828,6779],{"class":68},[58,84830,84831,84833,84835,84838],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,84832,6202],{"class":64},[58,84834,69],{"class":68},[58,84836,84837],{"class":239},"content",[58,84839,243],{"class":68},[16,84841,155,84842,84844,84845,84848],{},[20,84843,84768],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[20,84846,84847],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[44,84850,84852],{"id":84851},"what-open-does","What open() does",[16,84854,84855,84857],{},[20,84856,84749],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[16,84859,9601],{},[28,84861,84862,84865,84870,84875],{},[31,84863,84864],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[31,84866,39071,84867,84869],{},[1855,84868,2751],{}," read or write anything by itself",[31,84871,15572,84872],{},[1855,84873,84874],{},"file object",[31,84876,84877,84878],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[28,84879,84880,84885,84890,84895,84900],{},[31,84881,84882],{},[20,84883,84884],{},"read()",[31,84886,84887],{},[20,84888,84889],{},"readline()",[31,84891,84892],{},[20,84893,84894],{},"readlines()",[31,84896,84897],{},[20,84898,84899],{},"write()",[31,84901,84902],{},[20,84903,84904],{},"close()",[16,84906,276],{},[49,84908,84910],{"className":51,"code":84909,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[20,84911,84912,84951,84966,84976],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,84913,84914,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,84915,84916],{"class":84809},"file",[58,84918,11423],{"class":77},[58,84920,84771],{"class":64},[58,84922,69],{"class":68},[58,84924,940],{"class":939},[58,84926,84778],{"class":943},[58,84928,940],{"class":939},[58,84930,1082],{"class":68},[58,84932,1450],{"class":939},[58,84934,58678],{"class":943},[58,84936,940],{"class":939},[58,84938,1082],{"class":68},[58,84940,84793],{"class":7313},[58,84942,290],{"class":77},[58,84944,940],{"class":939},[58,84946,84800],{"class":943},[58,84948,940],{"class":939},[58,84950,243],{"class":68},[58,84952,84953,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,84954,84955],{"class":286},"content ",[58,84957,290],{"class":77},[58,84959,84810],{"class":84809},[58,84961,499],{"class":68},[58,84963,84826],{"class":239},[58,84965,6779],{"class":68},[58,84967,84968,84970,84972,84974],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,84969,65],{"class":64},[58,84971,69],{"class":68},[58,84973,84837],{"class":239},[58,84975,243],{"class":68},[58,84977,84978,84980,84982,84985],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,84979,84916],{"class":84809},[58,84981,499],{"class":68},[58,84983,84984],{"class":239},"close",[58,84986,6779],{"class":68},[16,84988,84989,84990,84992],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[20,84991,84768],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[44,84994,222],{"id":221},[16,84996,84997],{},"A common form is:",[49,84999,85001],{"className":51,"code":85000,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[20,85002,85003],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85004,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024,85026,85028],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85006,40593],{"class":64},[58,85008,69],{"class":68},[58,85010,84916],{"class":84809},[58,85012,1082],{"class":68},[58,85014,85015],{"class":239}," mode",[58,85017,1082],{"class":68},[58,85019,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85021,290],{"class":77},[58,85023,940],{"class":939},[58,85025,84800],{"class":943},[58,85027,940],{"class":939},[58,85029,243],{"class":68},[16,85031,63219],{},[28,85033,85034,85039,85044],{},[31,85035,85036,85038],{},[20,85037,84916],{}," is the file name or file path",[31,85040,85041,85043],{},[20,85042,19071],{}," controls how the file is opened",[31,85045,85046,85049],{},[20,85047,85048],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[16,85051,276],{},[49,85053,85055],{"className":51,"code":85054,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[20,85056,85057,85100,85115],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85058,85059,85061,85063,85065,85067,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85060,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85062,84771],{"class":64},[58,85064,69],{"class":68},[58,85066,940],{"class":939},[58,85068,85069],{"class":943},"notes.txt",[58,85071,940],{"class":939},[58,85073,1082],{"class":68},[58,85075,1450],{"class":939},[58,85077,58678],{"class":943},[58,85079,940],{"class":939},[58,85081,1082],{"class":68},[58,85083,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85085,290],{"class":77},[58,85087,940],{"class":939},[58,85089,84800],{"class":943},[58,85091,940],{"class":939},[58,85093,1770],{"class":68},[58,85095,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85097,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85099,4521],{"class":68},[58,85101,85102,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85103,85104],{"class":286},"    text ",[58,85106,290],{"class":77},[58,85108,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85110,499],{"class":68},[58,85112,84826],{"class":239},[58,85114,6779],{"class":68},[58,85116,85117,85119,85121,85123],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85118,6202],{"class":64},[58,85120,69],{"class":68},[58,85122,32868],{"class":239},[58,85124,243],{"class":68},[16,85126,18109],{},[28,85128,85129,85135,85140],{},[31,85130,85131,85134],{},[20,85132,85133],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[31,85136,85137,85139],{},[20,85138,84847],{}," means open for reading",[31,85141,85142,85145],{},[20,85143,85144],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[44,85147,85149],{"id":85148},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[16,85151,85152],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[28,85154,85155,85160,85166,85171,85177,85183],{},[31,85156,85157,85159],{},[20,85158,84847],{}," = read a text file",[31,85161,85162,85165],{},[20,85163,85164],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[31,85167,85168,85170],{},[20,85169,16247],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[31,85172,85173,85176],{},[20,85174,85175],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[31,85178,85179,85182],{},[20,85180,85181],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[31,85184,85185,85188],{},[20,85186,85187],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[16,85190,189],{},[49,85192,85194],{"className":51,"code":85193,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[20,85195,85196,85201,85244],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85197,85198],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85199,85200],{"class":1773},"# Read a text file\n",[58,85202,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85204,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85206,84771],{"class":64},[58,85208,69],{"class":68},[58,85210,940],{"class":939},[58,85212,85213],{"class":943},"data.txt",[58,85215,940],{"class":939},[58,85217,1082],{"class":68},[58,85219,1450],{"class":939},[58,85221,58678],{"class":943},[58,85223,940],{"class":939},[58,85225,1082],{"class":68},[58,85227,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85229,290],{"class":77},[58,85231,940],{"class":939},[58,85233,84800],{"class":943},[58,85235,940],{"class":939},[58,85237,1770],{"class":68},[58,85239,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85241,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85243,4521],{"class":68},[58,85245,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85247,6202],{"class":64},[58,85249,69],{"class":68},[58,85251,84916],{"class":84809},[58,85253,499],{"class":68},[58,85255,84826],{"class":239},[58,85257,5324],{"class":68},[49,85259,85261],{"className":51,"code":85260,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[20,85262,85263,85268,85310],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85264,85265],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85266,85267],{"class":1773},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[58,85269,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85271,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85273,84771],{"class":64},[58,85275,69],{"class":68},[58,85277,940],{"class":939},[58,85279,85213],{"class":943},[58,85281,940],{"class":939},[58,85283,1082],{"class":68},[58,85285,1450],{"class":939},[58,85287,58661],{"class":943},[58,85289,940],{"class":939},[58,85291,1082],{"class":68},[58,85293,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85295,290],{"class":77},[58,85297,940],{"class":939},[58,85299,84800],{"class":943},[58,85301,940],{"class":939},[58,85303,1770],{"class":68},[58,85305,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85307,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85309,4521],{"class":68},[58,85311,85312,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85328,85330],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85313,85314],{"class":84809},"    file",[58,85316,499],{"class":68},[58,85318,68369],{"class":239},[58,85320,69],{"class":68},[58,85322,940],{"class":939},[58,85324,33027],{"class":943},[58,85326,85327],{"class":32612},"\\n",[58,85329,940],{"class":939},[58,85331,243],{"class":68},[49,85333,85335],{"className":51,"code":85334,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[20,85336,85337,85342,85384],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85338,85339],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85340,85341],{"class":1773},"# Append to a text file\n",[58,85343,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85345,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85347,84771],{"class":64},[58,85349,69],{"class":68},[58,85351,940],{"class":939},[58,85353,85213],{"class":943},[58,85355,940],{"class":939},[58,85357,1082],{"class":68},[58,85359,1450],{"class":939},[58,85361,374],{"class":943},[58,85363,940],{"class":939},[58,85365,1082],{"class":68},[58,85367,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85369,290],{"class":77},[58,85371,940],{"class":939},[58,85373,84800],{"class":943},[58,85375,940],{"class":939},[58,85377,1770],{"class":68},[58,85379,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85381,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85383,4521],{"class":68},[58,85385,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85399,85401,85403],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85387,85314],{"class":84809},[58,85389,499],{"class":68},[58,85391,68369],{"class":239},[58,85393,69],{"class":68},[58,85395,940],{"class":939},[58,85397,85398],{"class":943},"Another line",[58,85400,85327],{"class":32612},[58,85402,940],{"class":939},[58,85404,243],{"class":68},[16,85406,67521,85407,85409],{},[20,85408,85164],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[44,85411,85413],{"id":85412},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[16,85415,85416,20128,85418,499],{},[20,85417,84749],{},[1855,85419,84874],{},[16,85421,85422],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[28,85424,85425,85430,85435],{},[31,85426,85427],{},[20,85428,85429],{},"file.read()",[31,85431,85432],{},[20,85433,85434],{},"file.write()",[31,85436,85437],{},[20,85438,85439],{},"file.close()",[16,85441,85442],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[16,85444,276],{},[49,85446,85448],{"className":51,"code":85447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[20,85449,85450,85492],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85451,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85453,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85455,84771],{"class":64},[58,85457,69],{"class":68},[58,85459,940],{"class":939},[58,85461,84778],{"class":943},[58,85463,940],{"class":939},[58,85465,1082],{"class":68},[58,85467,1450],{"class":939},[58,85469,58678],{"class":943},[58,85471,940],{"class":939},[58,85473,1082],{"class":68},[58,85475,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85477,290],{"class":77},[58,85479,940],{"class":939},[58,85481,84800],{"class":943},[58,85483,940],{"class":939},[58,85485,1770],{"class":68},[58,85487,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85489,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85491,4521],{"class":68},[58,85493,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85495,6202],{"class":64},[58,85497,69],{"class":68},[58,85499,1316],{"class":991},[58,85501,69],{"class":68},[58,85503,84916],{"class":84809},[58,85505,85],{"class":68},[16,85507,28186],{},[49,85509,85511],{"className":51,"code":85510,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[20,85512,85513],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85514,85515,85517,85519,85521,85524,85526],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85516,1385],{"class":77},[58,85518,1388],{"class":126},[58,85520,1391],{"class":939},[58,85522,85523],{"class":943},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[58,85525,1396],{"class":939},[58,85527,1399],{"class":77},[16,85529,85530,85531,85533],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[20,85532,84749],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[44,85535,85537],{"id":85536},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[16,85539,85540],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[49,85542,85543],{"className":51,"code":84761,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,85544,85545,85587,85601],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85546,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85548,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85550,84771],{"class":64},[58,85552,69],{"class":68},[58,85554,940],{"class":939},[58,85556,84778],{"class":943},[58,85558,940],{"class":939},[58,85560,1082],{"class":68},[58,85562,1450],{"class":939},[58,85564,58678],{"class":943},[58,85566,940],{"class":939},[58,85568,1082],{"class":68},[58,85570,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85572,290],{"class":77},[58,85574,940],{"class":939},[58,85576,84800],{"class":943},[58,85578,940],{"class":939},[58,85580,1770],{"class":68},[58,85582,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85584,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85586,4521],{"class":68},[58,85588,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85590,84817],{"class":286},[58,85592,290],{"class":77},[58,85594,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85596,499],{"class":68},[58,85598,84826],{"class":239},[58,85600,6779],{"class":68},[58,85602,85603,85605,85607,85609],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85604,6202],{"class":64},[58,85606,69],{"class":68},[58,85608,84837],{"class":239},[58,85610,243],{"class":68},[16,85612,85613],{},"Why this is recommended:",[28,85615,85616,85621,85627,85630],{},[31,85617,85618,85620],{},[20,85619,84768],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[31,85622,85623,85624,85626],{},"It is safer than calling ",[20,85625,84904],{}," yourself",[31,85628,85629],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[31,85631,85632],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[16,85634,81926,85635,85637],{},[20,85636,84768],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[49,85639,85640],{"className":51,"code":84909,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,85641,85642,85680,85694,85704],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85643,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85645,84916],{"class":84809},[58,85647,11423],{"class":77},[58,85649,84771],{"class":64},[58,85651,69],{"class":68},[58,85653,940],{"class":939},[58,85655,84778],{"class":943},[58,85657,940],{"class":939},[58,85659,1082],{"class":68},[58,85661,1450],{"class":939},[58,85663,58678],{"class":943},[58,85665,940],{"class":939},[58,85667,1082],{"class":68},[58,85669,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85671,290],{"class":77},[58,85673,940],{"class":939},[58,85675,84800],{"class":943},[58,85677,940],{"class":939},[58,85679,243],{"class":68},[58,85681,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85683,84955],{"class":286},[58,85685,290],{"class":77},[58,85687,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85689,499],{"class":68},[58,85691,84826],{"class":239},[58,85693,6779],{"class":68},[58,85695,85696,85698,85700,85702],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85697,65],{"class":64},[58,85699,69],{"class":68},[58,85701,84837],{"class":239},[58,85703,243],{"class":68},[58,85705,85706,85708,85710,85712],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,85707,84916],{"class":84809},[58,85709,499],{"class":68},[58,85711,84984],{"class":239},[58,85713,6779],{"class":68},[16,85715,85716],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[44,85718,85720],{"id":85719},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[16,85722,85723,85724,85726],{},"Use mode ",[20,85725,84847],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[617,85728,85730],{"id":85729},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[16,85732,85733,85735],{},[20,85734,84884],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[49,85737,85738],{"className":51,"code":84761,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,85739,85740,85782,85796],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85741,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85743,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85745,84771],{"class":64},[58,85747,69],{"class":68},[58,85749,940],{"class":939},[58,85751,84778],{"class":943},[58,85753,940],{"class":939},[58,85755,1082],{"class":68},[58,85757,1450],{"class":939},[58,85759,58678],{"class":943},[58,85761,940],{"class":939},[58,85763,1082],{"class":68},[58,85765,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85767,290],{"class":77},[58,85769,940],{"class":939},[58,85771,84800],{"class":943},[58,85773,940],{"class":939},[58,85775,1770],{"class":68},[58,85777,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85779,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85781,4521],{"class":68},[58,85783,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85785,84817],{"class":286},[58,85787,290],{"class":77},[58,85789,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85791,499],{"class":68},[58,85793,84826],{"class":239},[58,85795,6779],{"class":68},[58,85797,85798,85800,85802,85804],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85799,6202],{"class":64},[58,85801,69],{"class":68},[58,85803,84837],{"class":239},[58,85805,243],{"class":68},[617,85807,85809],{"id":85808},"read-one-line","Read one line",[16,85811,85812,85814],{},[20,85813,84889],{}," reads one line at a time.",[49,85816,85818],{"className":51,"code":85817,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[20,85819,85820,85862,85878],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85821,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85823,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85825,84771],{"class":64},[58,85827,69],{"class":68},[58,85829,940],{"class":939},[58,85831,84778],{"class":943},[58,85833,940],{"class":939},[58,85835,1082],{"class":68},[58,85837,1450],{"class":939},[58,85839,58678],{"class":943},[58,85841,940],{"class":939},[58,85843,1082],{"class":68},[58,85845,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85847,290],{"class":77},[58,85849,940],{"class":939},[58,85851,84800],{"class":943},[58,85853,940],{"class":939},[58,85855,1770],{"class":68},[58,85857,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85859,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85861,4521],{"class":68},[58,85863,85864,85867,85869,85871,85873,85876],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85865,85866],{"class":286},"    first_line ",[58,85868,290],{"class":77},[58,85870,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85872,499],{"class":68},[58,85874,85875],{"class":239},"readline",[58,85877,6779],{"class":68},[58,85879,85880,85882,85884,85887],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85881,6202],{"class":64},[58,85883,69],{"class":68},[58,85885,85886],{"class":239},"first_line",[58,85888,243],{"class":68},[617,85890,85892],{"id":85891},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[16,85894,85895],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[49,85897,85899],{"className":51,"code":85898,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[20,85900,85901,85943,85957],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85902,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85904,84768],{"class":1991},[58,85906,84771],{"class":64},[58,85908,69],{"class":68},[58,85910,940],{"class":939},[58,85912,84778],{"class":943},[58,85914,940],{"class":939},[58,85916,1082],{"class":68},[58,85918,1450],{"class":939},[58,85920,58678],{"class":943},[58,85922,940],{"class":939},[58,85924,1082],{"class":68},[58,85926,84793],{"class":7313},[58,85928,290],{"class":77},[58,85930,940],{"class":939},[58,85932,84800],{"class":943},[58,85934,940],{"class":939},[58,85936,1770],{"class":68},[58,85938,45526],{"class":1991},[58,85940,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85942,4521],{"class":68},[58,85944,85945,85948,85951,85953,85955],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,85946,85947],{"class":1991},"    for",[58,85949,85950],{"class":286}," line ",[58,85952,1998],{"class":1991},[58,85954,84810],{"class":84809},[58,85956,4521],{"class":68},[58,85958,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,85960,45506],{"class":64},[58,85962,69],{"class":68},[58,85964,60],{"class":239},[58,85966,499],{"class":68},[58,85968,6770],{"class":239},[58,85970,5324],{"class":68},[16,85972,85973,85974,966,85978,499],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[374,85975,85977],{"href":85976},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[374,85979,85981],{"href":85980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[44,85983,85985],{"id":85984},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[16,85987,155,85988,85990],{},[20,85989,85164],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[49,85992,85994],{"className":51,"code":85993,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[20,85995,85996,86039,86060],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,85997,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,85999,84768],{"class":1991},[58,86001,84771],{"class":64},[58,86003,69],{"class":68},[58,86005,940],{"class":939},[58,86007,86008],{"class":943},"output.txt",[58,86010,940],{"class":939},[58,86012,1082],{"class":68},[58,86014,1450],{"class":939},[58,86016,58661],{"class":943},[58,86018,940],{"class":939},[58,86020,1082],{"class":68},[58,86022,84793],{"class":7313},[58,86024,290],{"class":77},[58,86026,940],{"class":939},[58,86028,84800],{"class":943},[58,86030,940],{"class":939},[58,86032,1770],{"class":68},[58,86034,45526],{"class":1991},[58,86036,84810],{"class":84809},[58,86038,4521],{"class":68},[58,86040,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86054,86056,86058],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86042,85314],{"class":84809},[58,86044,499],{"class":68},[58,86046,68369],{"class":239},[58,86048,69],{"class":68},[58,86050,940],{"class":939},[58,86052,86053],{"class":943},"First line",[58,86055,85327],{"class":32612},[58,86057,940],{"class":939},[58,86059,243],{"class":68},[58,86061,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86075,86077,86079],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,86063,85314],{"class":84809},[58,86065,499],{"class":68},[58,86067,68369],{"class":239},[58,86069,69],{"class":68},[58,86071,940],{"class":939},[58,86073,86074],{"class":943},"Second line",[58,86076,85327],{"class":32612},[58,86078,940],{"class":939},[58,86080,243],{"class":68},[16,86082,155,86083,86085],{},[20,86084,16247],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[49,86087,86089],{"className":51,"code":86088,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[20,86090,86091,86133],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86092,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129,86131],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86094,84768],{"class":1991},[58,86096,84771],{"class":64},[58,86098,69],{"class":68},[58,86100,940],{"class":939},[58,86102,86008],{"class":943},[58,86104,940],{"class":939},[58,86106,1082],{"class":68},[58,86108,1450],{"class":939},[58,86110,374],{"class":943},[58,86112,940],{"class":939},[58,86114,1082],{"class":68},[58,86116,84793],{"class":7313},[58,86118,290],{"class":77},[58,86120,940],{"class":939},[58,86122,84800],{"class":943},[58,86124,940],{"class":939},[58,86126,1770],{"class":68},[58,86128,45526],{"class":1991},[58,86130,84810],{"class":84809},[58,86132,4521],{"class":68},[58,86134,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86148,86150,86152],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86136,85314],{"class":84809},[58,86138,499],{"class":68},[58,86140,68369],{"class":239},[58,86142,69],{"class":68},[58,86144,940],{"class":939},[58,86146,86147],{"class":943},"Third line",[58,86149,85327],{"class":32612},[58,86151,940],{"class":939},[58,86153,243],{"class":68},[16,86155,86156],{},"Important detail:",[28,86158,86159,86164,86171],{},[31,86160,86161,86163],{},[20,86162,84899],{}," writes a string",[31,86165,86166,12201,86168,86170],{},[20,86167,84899],{},[1855,86169,2751],{}," add a newline for you",[31,86172,86173,86174,85626],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[20,86175,85327],{},[16,86177,86178,86179,966,86183,499],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[374,86180,86182],{"href":86181},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[374,86184,86186],{"href":86185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[44,86188,86190],{"id":86189},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[16,86192,86193],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[617,86195,86197],{"id":86196},"encodingutf-8",[20,86198,85144],{},[16,86200,86201],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[49,86203,86205],{"className":51,"code":86204,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[20,86206,86207,86250],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86208,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244,86246,86248],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86210,84768],{"class":1991},[58,86212,84771],{"class":64},[58,86214,69],{"class":68},[58,86216,940],{"class":939},[58,86218,86219],{"class":943},"message.txt",[58,86221,940],{"class":939},[58,86223,1082],{"class":68},[58,86225,1450],{"class":939},[58,86227,58678],{"class":943},[58,86229,940],{"class":939},[58,86231,1082],{"class":68},[58,86233,84793],{"class":7313},[58,86235,290],{"class":77},[58,86237,940],{"class":939},[58,86239,84800],{"class":943},[58,86241,940],{"class":939},[58,86243,1770],{"class":68},[58,86245,45526],{"class":1991},[58,86247,84810],{"class":84809},[58,86249,4521],{"class":68},[58,86251,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86253,6202],{"class":64},[58,86255,69],{"class":68},[58,86257,84916],{"class":84809},[58,86259,499],{"class":68},[58,86261,84826],{"class":239},[58,86263,5324],{"class":68},[16,86265,86266],{},"Why it matters:",[28,86268,86269,86272,86275],{},[31,86270,86271],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[31,86273,86274],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[31,86276,86277],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[617,86279,86281],{"id":86280},"newline",[20,86282,86280],{},[16,86284,86285],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[16,86287,86288],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[617,86290,86292],{"id":86291},"buffering",[20,86293,86291],{},[16,86295,86296],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[16,86298,86299],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[44,86301,86303],{"id":86302},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[16,86305,86306],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[617,86308,86310],{"id":86309},"filenotfounderror",[20,86311,86312],{},"FileNotFoundError",[16,86314,86315],{},"This happens when:",[28,86317,86318,86321,86324],{},[31,86319,86320],{},"the file does not exist",[31,86322,86323],{},"the path is wrong",[31,86325,86326],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[16,86328,276],{},[49,86330,86332],{"className":51,"code":86331,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[20,86333,86334,86377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86335,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86337,84768],{"class":1991},[58,86339,84771],{"class":64},[58,86341,69],{"class":68},[58,86343,940],{"class":939},[58,86345,86346],{"class":943},"missing.txt",[58,86348,940],{"class":939},[58,86350,1082],{"class":68},[58,86352,1450],{"class":939},[58,86354,58678],{"class":943},[58,86356,940],{"class":939},[58,86358,1082],{"class":68},[58,86360,84793],{"class":7313},[58,86362,290],{"class":77},[58,86364,940],{"class":939},[58,86366,84800],{"class":943},[58,86368,940],{"class":939},[58,86370,1770],{"class":68},[58,86372,45526],{"class":1991},[58,86374,84810],{"class":84809},[58,86376,4521],{"class":68},[58,86378,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86380,6202],{"class":64},[58,86382,69],{"class":68},[58,86384,84916],{"class":84809},[58,86386,499],{"class":68},[58,86388,84826],{"class":239},[58,86390,5324],{"class":68},[16,86392,86393,86394,2512,86402,499],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[374,86395,86397,86398,86401],{"href":86396},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[58,86399,86400],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[374,86403,86405],{"href":86404},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[617,86407,86409],{"id":86408},"permissionerror",[20,86410,86411],{},"PermissionError",[16,86413,86414],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[16,86416,86417],{},"Example causes:",[28,86419,86420,86423,86426],{},[31,86421,86422],{},"the file is protected",[31,86424,86425],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[31,86427,86428],{},"another program is blocking access",[16,86430,86431,86432],{},"Related page: ",[374,86433,86435,86436,86439],{"href":86434},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[58,86437,86438],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[617,86441,86443],{"id":86442},"isadirectoryerror",[20,86444,86445],{},"IsADirectoryError",[16,86447,86448],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[16,86450,276],{},[49,86452,86454],{"className":51,"code":86453,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[20,86455,86456,86499],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86457,86458,86460,86462,86464,86466,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86459,84768],{"class":1991},[58,86461,84771],{"class":64},[58,86463,69],{"class":68},[58,86465,940],{"class":939},[58,86467,86468],{"class":943},"my_folder",[58,86470,940],{"class":939},[58,86472,1082],{"class":68},[58,86474,1450],{"class":939},[58,86476,58678],{"class":943},[58,86478,940],{"class":939},[58,86480,1082],{"class":68},[58,86482,84793],{"class":7313},[58,86484,290],{"class":77},[58,86486,940],{"class":939},[58,86488,84800],{"class":943},[58,86490,940],{"class":939},[58,86492,1770],{"class":68},[58,86494,45526],{"class":1991},[58,86496,84810],{"class":84809},[58,86498,4521],{"class":68},[58,86500,86501,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86502,6202],{"class":64},[58,86504,69],{"class":68},[58,86506,84916],{"class":84809},[58,86508,499],{"class":68},[58,86510,84826],{"class":239},[58,86512,5324],{"class":68},[16,86514,86431,86515],{},[374,86516,86518,86519,86522],{"href":86517},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[58,86520,86521],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[617,86524,86526],{"id":86525},"unicodedecodeerror",[20,86527,86528],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[16,86530,86531,86532,499],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[20,86533,84749],{},[16,86535,86431,86536],{},[374,86537,86539],{"href":86538},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[44,86541,86543],{"id":86542},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[16,86545,86546,86547,86549],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[20,86548,84749],{}," function.",[16,86551,86552],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[28,86554,86555,86558,86561,86567],{},[31,86556,86557],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[31,86559,86560],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[31,86562,86563,86564,86566],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[20,86565,84749],{}," itself",[31,86568,86569,86570],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[374,86571,86573],{"href":86572},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[44,86575,914],{"id":913},[16,86577,86578,86579,973],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[20,86580,84749],{},[28,86582,86583,86588,86594,86599,86602,86605],{},[31,86584,6552,86585,86587],{},[20,86586,84847],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[31,86589,86590,86591,86593],{},"Forgetting to use ",[20,86592,85048],{}," for text files",[31,86595,6552,86596,86598],{},[20,86597,85164],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[31,86600,86601],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[31,86603,86604],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[31,86606,86607],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[16,86609,86610],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[49,86612,86614],{"className":51,"code":86613,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[20,86615,86616,86623],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86617,86618,86620],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86619,33251],{"class":1991},[58,86621,86622],{"class":286}," os\n",[58,86624,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86636],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86626,65],{"class":64},[58,86628,69],{"class":68},[58,86630,40792],{"class":239},[58,86632,499],{"class":68},[58,86634,86635],{"class":239},"getcwd",[58,86637,5324],{"class":68},[16,86639,86640],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[49,86642,86644],{"className":51,"code":86643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[20,86645,86646,86652],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86647,86648,86650],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86649,33251],{"class":1991},[58,86651,86622],{"class":286},[58,86653,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662,86665,86667,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86655,65],{"class":64},[58,86657,69],{"class":68},[58,86659,40792],{"class":239},[58,86661,499],{"class":68},[58,86663,86664],{"class":22904},"path",[58,86666,499],{"class":68},[58,86668,86669],{"class":239},"exists",[58,86671,69],{"class":68},[58,86673,940],{"class":939},[58,86675,84778],{"class":943},[58,86677,940],{"class":939},[58,86679,85],{"class":68},[16,86681,86682],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[49,86684,86686],{"className":51,"code":86685,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[20,86687,86688,86694],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86689,86690,86692],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86691,33251],{"class":1991},[58,86693,86622],{"class":286},[58,86695,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86697,65],{"class":64},[58,86699,69],{"class":68},[58,86701,40792],{"class":239},[58,86703,499],{"class":68},[58,86705,86664],{"class":22904},[58,86707,499],{"class":68},[58,86709,86710],{"class":239},"isfile",[58,86712,69],{"class":68},[58,86714,940],{"class":939},[58,86716,84778],{"class":943},[58,86718,940],{"class":939},[58,86720,85],{"class":68},[16,86722,86723],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[49,86725,86727],{"className":51,"code":86726,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[20,86728,86729,86771],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86730,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747,86749,86751,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86732,84768],{"class":1991},[58,86734,84771],{"class":64},[58,86736,69],{"class":68},[58,86738,940],{"class":939},[58,86740,84778],{"class":943},[58,86742,940],{"class":939},[58,86744,1082],{"class":68},[58,86746,1450],{"class":939},[58,86748,58678],{"class":943},[58,86750,940],{"class":939},[58,86752,1082],{"class":68},[58,86754,84793],{"class":7313},[58,86756,290],{"class":77},[58,86758,940],{"class":939},[58,86760,84800],{"class":943},[58,86762,940],{"class":939},[58,86764,1770],{"class":68},[58,86766,45526],{"class":1991},[58,86768,84810],{"class":84809},[58,86770,4521],{"class":68},[58,86772,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86774,6202],{"class":64},[58,86776,69],{"class":68},[58,86778,84916],{"class":84809},[58,86780,499],{"class":68},[58,86782,84826],{"class":239},[58,86784,5324],{"class":68},[16,86786,86787],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[44,86789,1555],{"id":1554},[617,86791,86793],{"id":86792},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[16,86795,86796],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[617,86798,86800],{"id":86799},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[16,86802,86803,86804,86806],{},"Use it inside a ",[20,86805,84768],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[617,86808,3303,86810,2512,86812,86814],{"id":86809},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[20,86811,85164],{},[20,86813,16247],{}," mode?",[16,86816,86817,86819,86820,86822],{},[20,86818,85164],{}," overwrites the file. ",[20,86821,16247],{}," adds new content to the end.",[617,86824,86826],{"id":86825},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[16,86828,86829],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[617,86831,86833],{"id":86832},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[16,86835,86836,86837,86839],{},"It is a good habit. ",[20,86838,85144],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[44,86841,1603],{"id":1602},[28,86843,86844,86848,86852,86856,86860,86864,86868,86874],{},[31,86845,86846],{},[374,86847,85977],{"href":85976},[31,86849,86850],{},[374,86851,86182],{"href":86181},[31,86853,86854],{},[374,86855,86186],{"href":86185},[31,86857,86858],{},[374,86859,85981],{"href":85980},[31,86861,86862],{},[374,86863,86573],{"href":86572},[31,86865,86866],{},[374,86867,86405],{"href":86404},[31,86869,86870],{},[374,86871,86397,86872,86401],{"href":86396},[58,86873,86400],{},[31,86875,86876],{},[374,86877,86435,86878,86439],{"href":86434},[58,86879,86438],{},[1635,86881,86882],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":86884},[86885,86886,86887,86888,86889,86890,86891,86896,86897,86902,86908,86909,86910,86918],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":84851,"depth":88,"text":84852},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":85148,"depth":88,"text":85149},{"id":85412,"depth":88,"text":85413},{"id":85536,"depth":88,"text":85537},{"id":85719,"depth":88,"text":85720,"children":86892},[86893,86894,86895],{"id":85729,"depth":104,"text":85730},{"id":85808,"depth":104,"text":85809},{"id":85891,"depth":104,"text":85892},{"id":85984,"depth":88,"text":85985},{"id":86189,"depth":88,"text":86190,"children":86898},[86899,86900,86901],{"id":86196,"depth":104,"text":85144},{"id":86280,"depth":104,"text":86280},{"id":86291,"depth":104,"text":86291},{"id":86302,"depth":88,"text":86303,"children":86903},[86904,86905,86906,86907],{"id":86309,"depth":104,"text":86312},{"id":86408,"depth":104,"text":86411},{"id":86442,"depth":104,"text":86445},{"id":86525,"depth":104,"text":86528},{"id":86542,"depth":88,"text":86543},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":86911},[86912,86913,86914,86916,86917],{"id":86792,"depth":104,"text":86793},{"id":86799,"depth":104,"text":86800},{"id":86809,"depth":104,"text":86915},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":86825,"depth":104,"text":86826},{"id":86832,"depth":104,"text":86833},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":84739,"description":86919},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":86926,"title":86927,"body":86928,"description":88923,"extension":1667,"meta":88924,"navigation":318,"path":88925,"seo":88926,"stem":88927,"__hash__":88928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":86929,"toc":88870},[86930,86935,86940,86946,86948,87016,87018,87037,87042,87047,87052,87055,87067,87069,87112,87114,87132,87143,87145,87147,87172,87174,87185,87187,87247,87249,87275,87278,87282,87287,87291,87294,87328,87332,87335,87360,87364,87387,87391,87424,87429,87433,87438,87441,87509,87511,87535,87540,87543,87574,87576,87608,87625,87629,87634,87658,87665,87670,87675,87678,87682,87717,87719,87728,87732,87823,87825,87856,87861,87868,87873,87882,87885,87919,87921,87935,87939,87980,87982,87991,87995,88043,88045,88059,88064,88075,88082,88088,88090,88125,88127,88141,88144,88166,88172,88201,88212,88218,88224,88238,88240,88319,88321,88371,88378,88380,88385,88389,88392,88407,88412,88414,88433,88439,88442,88457,88459,88477,88483,88488,88518,88521,88544,88547,88574,88581,88587,88595,88618,88623,88631,88633,88653,88657,88663,88713,88716,88738,88740,88746,88754,88760,88766,88774,88779,88783,88786,88809,88814,88821,88833,88835,88867],[12,86931,1681,86933,1685],{"id":86932},"python-print-function-explained",[20,86934,44620],{},[16,86936,30475,86937,86939],{},[20,86938,44620],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[16,86941,86942,86943,86945],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[20,86944,44620],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[44,86947,47],{"id":46},[49,86949,86951],{"className":51,"code":86950,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[20,86952,86953,86965,86974,86978,86988,86998],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,86954,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,86956,6009],{"class":286},[58,86958,290],{"class":77},[58,86960,1450],{"class":939},[58,86962,6054],{"class":943},[58,86964,1456],{"class":939},[58,86966,86967,86969,86971],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,86968,19781],{"class":286},[58,86970,290],{"class":77},[58,86972,86973],{"class":81}," 12\n",[58,86975,86976],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,86977,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,86979,86980,86982,86984,86986],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,86981,65],{"class":64},[58,86983,69],{"class":68},[58,86985,5799],{"class":239},[58,86987,243],{"class":68},[58,86989,86990,86992,86994,86996],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,86991,65],{"class":64},[58,86993,69],{"class":68},[58,86995,7437],{"class":239},[58,86997,243],{"class":68},[58,86999,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,87001,65],{"class":64},[58,87003,69],{"class":68},[58,87005,940],{"class":939},[58,87007,33027],{"class":943},[58,87009,940],{"class":939},[58,87011,1082],{"class":68},[58,87013,34153],{"class":239},[58,87015,243],{"class":68},[16,87017,132],{},[49,87019,87021],{"className":51,"code":87020,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[20,87022,87023,87028,87032],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87024,87025],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87026,87027],{"class":286},"Mia\n",[58,87029,87030],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87031,296],{"class":81},[58,87033,87034],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,87035,87036],{"class":286},"Hello Mia\n",[16,87038,155,87039,87041],{},[20,87040,44620],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[44,87043,1788,87045,1791],{"id":87044},"what-print-does",[20,87046,44620],{},[16,87048,87049,87051],{},[20,87050,44620],{}," sends output to the screen.",[16,87053,87054],{},"You can use it to display:",[28,87056,87057,87059,87061,87064],{},[31,87058,32868],{},[31,87060,1757],{},[31,87062,87063],{},"variables",[31,87065,87066],{},"expressions",[16,87068,276],{},[49,87070,87072],{"className":51,"code":87071,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[20,87073,87074,87088,87098],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87075,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87077,65],{"class":64},[58,87079,69],{"class":68},[58,87081,940],{"class":939},[58,87083,33027],{"class":943},[58,87085,940],{"class":939},[58,87087,243],{"class":68},[58,87089,87090,87092,87094,87096],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87091,65],{"class":64},[58,87093,69],{"class":68},[58,87095,200],{"class":81},[58,87097,243],{"class":68},[58,87099,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,87101,65],{"class":64},[58,87103,69],{"class":68},[58,87105,117],{"class":81},[58,87107,534],{"class":77},[58,87109,531],{"class":81},[58,87111,243],{"class":68},[16,87113,132],{},[49,87115,87117],{"className":51,"code":87116,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[20,87118,87119,87124,87128],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87120,87121],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87122,87123],{"class":286},"Hello\n",[58,87125,87126],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87127,1037],{"class":81},[58,87129,87130],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,87131,1037],{"class":81},[16,87133,87134,87135,87137,87138,87142],{},"A very important detail is that ",[20,87136,44620],{}," ",[1855,87139,1803,87140],{},[20,87141,1891],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[44,87144,222],{"id":221},[16,87146,28882],{},[49,87148,87150],{"className":51,"code":87149,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[20,87151,87152],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87153,87154,87156,87158,87161,87163,87166,87168,87170],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87155,65],{"class":64},[58,87157,69],{"class":68},[58,87159,87160],{"class":239},"object1",[58,87162,1082],{"class":68},[58,87164,87165],{"class":239}," object2",[58,87167,1082],{"class":68},[58,87169,32613],{"class":64},[58,87171,243],{"class":68},[16,87173,78377],{},[28,87175,87176,87179,87182],{},[31,87177,87178],{},"one value",[31,87180,87181],{},"many values",[31,87183,87184],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[16,87186,276],{},[49,87188,87190],{"className":51,"code":87189,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[20,87191,87192,87206,87225],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87193,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87195,65],{"class":64},[58,87197,69],{"class":68},[58,87199,940],{"class":939},[58,87201,55940],{"class":943},[58,87203,940],{"class":939},[58,87205,243],{"class":68},[58,87207,87208,87210,87212,87214,87217,87219,87221,87223],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87209,65],{"class":64},[58,87211,69],{"class":68},[58,87213,940],{"class":939},[58,87215,87216],{"class":943},"Score:",[58,87218,940],{"class":939},[58,87220,1082],{"class":68},[58,87222,4131],{"class":81},[58,87224,243],{"class":68},[58,87226,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,87228,65],{"class":64},[58,87230,69],{"class":68},[58,87232,940],{"class":939},[58,87234,43731],{"class":943},[58,87236,940],{"class":939},[58,87238,1082],{"class":68},[58,87240,537],{"class":81},[58,87242,534],{"class":77},[58,87244,35807],{"class":81},[58,87246,243],{"class":68},[16,87248,132],{},[49,87250,87252],{"className":51,"code":87251,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[20,87253,87254,87258,87267],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87255,87256],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87257,83530],{"class":286},[58,87259,87260,87263,87265],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87261,87262],{"class":286},"Score",[58,87264,973],{"class":68},[58,87266,670],{"class":81},[58,87268,87269,87271,87273],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,87270,43771],{"class":286},[58,87272,973],{"class":68},[58,87274,670],{"class":81},[16,87276,87277],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[44,87279,87281],{"id":87280},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[16,87283,87284,87285,499],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[20,87286,44620],{},[617,87288,87290],{"id":87289},"print-text","Print text",[16,87292,87293],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[49,87295,87297],{"className":51,"code":87296,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[20,87298,87299,87313],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87300,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87302,65],{"class":64},[58,87304,69],{"class":68},[58,87306,940],{"class":939},[58,87308,33027],{"class":943},[58,87310,940],{"class":939},[58,87312,243],{"class":68},[58,87314,87315,87317,87319,87321,87324,87326],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87316,65],{"class":64},[58,87318,69],{"class":68},[58,87320,940],{"class":939},[58,87322,87323],{"class":943},"Python is fun",[58,87325,940],{"class":939},[58,87327,243],{"class":68},[617,87329,87331],{"id":87330},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[16,87333,87334],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[49,87336,87338],{"className":51,"code":87337,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[20,87339,87340,87350],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87341,87342,87344,87346,87348],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87343,65],{"class":64},[58,87345,69],{"class":68},[58,87347,200],{"class":81},[58,87349,243],{"class":68},[58,87351,87352,87354,87356,87358],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87353,65],{"class":64},[58,87355,69],{"class":68},[58,87357,38308],{"class":81},[58,87359,243],{"class":68},[617,87361,87363],{"id":87362},"print-variables","Print variables",[49,87365,87367],{"className":51,"code":87366,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[20,87368,87369,87377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87370,87371,87373,87375],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87372,3218],{"class":286},[58,87374,290],{"class":77},[58,87376,12278],{"class":81},[58,87378,87379,87381,87383,87385],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87380,65],{"class":64},[58,87382,69],{"class":68},[58,87384,83694],{"class":239},[58,87386,243],{"class":68},[617,87388,87390],{"id":87389},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[49,87392,87394],{"className":51,"code":87393,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[20,87395,87396,87410],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87397,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87399,65],{"class":64},[58,87401,69],{"class":68},[58,87403,117],{"class":81},[58,87405,534],{"class":77},[58,87407,531],{"class":81},[58,87409,243],{"class":68},[58,87411,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87413,65],{"class":64},[58,87415,69],{"class":68},[58,87417,408],{"class":81},[58,87419,81006],{"class":77},[58,87421,537],{"class":81},[58,87423,243],{"class":68},[16,87425,87426,87427,499],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[374,87428,49146],{"href":49145},[44,87430,87432],{"id":87431},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[16,87434,87435,87437],{},[20,87436,44620],{}," can take more than one argument.",[16,87439,87440],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[49,87442,87444],{"className":51,"code":87443,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[20,87445,87446,87459,87467,87471,87490],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87447,87448,87450,87452,87454,87457],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87449,6009],{"class":286},[58,87451,290],{"class":77},[58,87453,1450],{"class":939},[58,87455,87456],{"class":943},"Ava",[58,87458,1456],{"class":939},[58,87460,87461,87463,87465],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87462,19781],{"class":286},[58,87464,290],{"class":77},[58,87466,670],{"class":81},[58,87468,87469],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,87470,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,87472,87473,87475,87477,87479,87482,87484,87486,87488],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,87474,65],{"class":64},[58,87476,69],{"class":68},[58,87478,940],{"class":939},[58,87480,87481],{"class":943},"Name:",[58,87483,940],{"class":939},[58,87485,1082],{"class":68},[58,87487,34153],{"class":239},[58,87489,243],{"class":68},[58,87491,87492,87494,87496,87498,87501,87503,87505,87507],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,87493,65],{"class":64},[58,87495,69],{"class":68},[58,87497,940],{"class":939},[58,87499,87500],{"class":943},"Age:",[58,87502,940],{"class":939},[58,87504,1082],{"class":68},[58,87506,7326],{"class":239},[58,87508,243],{"class":68},[16,87510,132],{},[49,87512,87514],{"className":51,"code":87513,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[20,87515,87516,87526],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87517,87518,87521,87523],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87519,87520],{"class":286},"Name",[58,87522,973],{"class":68},[58,87524,87525],{"class":286}," Ava\n",[58,87527,87528,87531,87533],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87529,87530],{"class":286},"Age",[58,87532,973],{"class":68},[58,87534,670],{"class":81},[16,87536,87537,87538,499],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[20,87539,120],{},[16,87541,87542],{},"For example, this works:",[49,87544,87546],{"className":51,"code":87545,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[20,87547,87548,87556],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87549,87550,87552,87554],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87551,19781],{"class":286},[58,87553,290],{"class":77},[58,87555,670],{"class":81},[58,87557,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87559,65],{"class":64},[58,87561,69],{"class":68},[58,87563,940],{"class":939},[58,87565,87500],{"class":943},[58,87567,940],{"class":939},[58,87569,1082],{"class":68},[58,87571,7326],{"class":239},[58,87573,243],{"class":68},[16,87575,35089],{},[49,87577,87579],{"className":51,"code":87578,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[20,87580,87581,87589],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87582,87583,87585,87587],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87584,19781],{"class":286},[58,87586,290],{"class":77},[58,87588,670],{"class":81},[58,87590,87591,87593,87595,87597,87600,87602,87604,87606],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87592,65],{"class":64},[58,87594,69],{"class":68},[58,87596,940],{"class":939},[58,87598,87599],{"class":943},"Age: ",[58,87601,940],{"class":939},[58,87603,534],{"class":77},[58,87605,7326],{"class":239},[58,87607,243],{"class":68},[16,87609,87610,87611,87614,87615,87617,87618,87620,87621,499],{},"That fails because ",[20,87612,87613],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[20,87616,7437],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[20,87619,120],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[374,87622,87623],{"href":40341},[20,87624,45852],{},[44,87626,87628],{"id":87627},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[16,87630,87631,87633],{},[20,87632,44620],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[28,87635,87636,87642,87647,87652],{},[31,87637,87638,87641],{},[20,87639,87640],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[31,87643,87644,87646],{},[20,87645,50831],{}," controls what is added after the output",[31,87648,87649,87651],{},[20,87650,84916],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[31,87653,87654,87657],{},[20,87655,87656],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[16,87659,87660,87661,2512,87663,499],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[20,87662,87640],{},[20,87664,50831],{},[44,87666,87668,34778],{"id":87667},"sep-argument",[20,87669,87640],{},[16,87671,18,87672,87674],{},[20,87673,87640],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[16,87676,87677],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[617,87679,87681],{"id":87680},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[49,87683,87685],{"className":51,"code":87684,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[20,87686,87687],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87688,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87690,65],{"class":64},[58,87692,69],{"class":68},[58,87694,940],{"class":939},[58,87696,11239],{"class":943},[58,87698,940],{"class":939},[58,87700,1082],{"class":68},[58,87702,1450],{"class":939},[58,87704,15606],{"class":943},[58,87706,940],{"class":939},[58,87708,1082],{"class":68},[58,87710,1450],{"class":939},[58,87712,11256],{"class":943},[58,87714,940],{"class":939},[58,87716,243],{"class":68},[16,87718,132],{},[49,87720,87722],{"className":51,"code":87721,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"red green blue\n",[20,87723,87724],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87725,87726],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87727,87721],{"class":286},[617,87729,87731],{"id":87730},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[49,87733,87735],{"className":51,"code":87734,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[20,87736,87737,87780],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87738,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87740,65],{"class":64},[58,87742,69],{"class":68},[58,87744,940],{"class":939},[58,87746,11239],{"class":943},[58,87748,940],{"class":939},[58,87750,1082],{"class":68},[58,87752,1450],{"class":939},[58,87754,15606],{"class":943},[58,87756,940],{"class":939},[58,87758,1082],{"class":68},[58,87760,1450],{"class":939},[58,87762,11256],{"class":943},[58,87764,940],{"class":939},[58,87766,1082],{"class":68},[58,87768,87769],{"class":7313}," sep",[58,87771,290],{"class":77},[58,87773,940],{"class":939},[58,87775,1082],{"class":943},[58,87777,940],{"class":939},[58,87779,243],{"class":68},[58,87781,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87819,87821],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87783,65],{"class":64},[58,87785,69],{"class":68},[58,87787,940],{"class":939},[58,87789,11239],{"class":943},[58,87791,940],{"class":939},[58,87793,1082],{"class":68},[58,87795,1450],{"class":939},[58,87797,15606],{"class":943},[58,87799,940],{"class":939},[58,87801,1082],{"class":68},[58,87803,1450],{"class":939},[58,87805,11256],{"class":943},[58,87807,940],{"class":939},[58,87809,1082],{"class":68},[58,87811,87769],{"class":7313},[58,87813,290],{"class":77},[58,87815,940],{"class":939},[58,87817,87818],{"class":943}," - ",[58,87820,940],{"class":939},[58,87822,243],{"class":68},[16,87824,132],{},[49,87826,87828],{"className":51,"code":87827,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[20,87829,87830,87842],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87831,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87833,11239],{"class":286},[58,87835,1082],{"class":68},[58,87837,15606],{"class":286},[58,87839,1082],{"class":68},[58,87841,68155],{"class":286},[58,87843,87844,87847,87849,87852,87854],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87845,87846],{"class":286},"red ",[58,87848,78],{"class":77},[58,87850,87851],{"class":286}," green ",[58,87853,78],{"class":77},[58,87855,34042],{"class":286},[16,87857,87858,87860],{},[20,87859,87640],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[16,87862,87863,87864,499],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[374,87865,87867],{"href":87866},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[44,87869,87871,34778],{"id":87870},"end-argument",[20,87872,50831],{},[16,87874,87875,87876,87878,87879,87881],{},"By default, ",[20,87877,44620],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[20,87880,44620],{}," starts on a new line.",[617,87883,87681],{"id":87884},"default-behavior-1",[49,87886,87888],{"className":51,"code":87887,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[20,87889,87890,87904],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87891,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87893,65],{"class":64},[58,87895,69],{"class":68},[58,87897,940],{"class":939},[58,87899,33027],{"class":943},[58,87901,940],{"class":939},[58,87903,243],{"class":68},[58,87905,87906,87908,87910,87912,87915,87917],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87907,65],{"class":64},[58,87909,69],{"class":68},[58,87911,940],{"class":939},[58,87913,87914],{"class":943},"World",[58,87916,940],{"class":939},[58,87918,243],{"class":68},[16,87920,132],{},[49,87922,87924],{"className":51,"code":87923,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hello\nWorld\n",[20,87925,87926,87930],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87927,87928],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87929,87123],{"class":286},[58,87931,87932],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87933,87934],{"class":286},"World\n",[617,87936,87938],{"id":87937},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[49,87940,87942],{"className":51,"code":87941,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[20,87943,87944,87966],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87945,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87947,65],{"class":64},[58,87949,69],{"class":68},[58,87951,940],{"class":939},[58,87953,33027],{"class":943},[58,87955,940],{"class":939},[58,87957,1082],{"class":68},[58,87959,63214],{"class":7313},[58,87961,290],{"class":77},[58,87963,4399],{"class":939},[58,87965,243],{"class":68},[58,87967,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,87969,65],{"class":64},[58,87971,69],{"class":68},[58,87973,940],{"class":939},[58,87975,87914],{"class":943},[58,87977,940],{"class":939},[58,87979,243],{"class":68},[16,87981,132],{},[49,87983,87985],{"className":51,"code":87984,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"HelloWorld\n",[20,87986,87987],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,87988,87989],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,87990,87984],{"class":286},[617,87992,87994],{"id":87993},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[49,87996,87998],{"className":51,"code":87997,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[20,87999,88000,88029],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88001,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88023,88025,88027],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88003,65],{"class":64},[58,88005,69],{"class":68},[58,88007,940],{"class":939},[58,88009,33027],{"class":943},[58,88011,940],{"class":939},[58,88013,1082],{"class":68},[58,88015,63214],{"class":7313},[58,88017,290],{"class":77},[58,88019,940],{"class":939},[58,88021,88022],{"class":943},"!",[58,88024,85327],{"class":32612},[58,88026,940],{"class":939},[58,88028,243],{"class":68},[58,88030,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88032,65],{"class":64},[58,88034,69],{"class":68},[58,88036,940],{"class":939},[58,88038,87914],{"class":943},[58,88040,940],{"class":939},[58,88042,243],{"class":68},[16,88044,132],{},[49,88046,88048],{"className":51,"code":88047,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[20,88049,88050,88055],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88051,88052],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88053,88054],{"class":286},"Hello!\n",[58,88056,88057],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88058,87934],{"class":286},[16,88060,18,88061,88063],{},[20,88062,50831],{}," argument is useful for:",[28,88065,88066,88069,88072],{},[31,88067,88068],{},"progress messages",[31,88070,88071],{},"inline output",[31,88073,88074],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[44,88076,88078,475,88080],{"id":88077},"print-returns-none",[20,88079,44620],{},[20,88081,1891],{},[16,88083,88084,88085,88087],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[20,88086,44620],{}," to return the text it shows.",[16,88089,276],{},[49,88091,88093],{"className":51,"code":88092,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[20,88094,88095,88115],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88096,88097,88099,88101,88104,88106,88108,88111,88113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88098,301],{"class":286},[58,88100,290],{"class":77},[58,88102,88103],{"class":64}," print",[58,88105,69],{"class":68},[58,88107,940],{"class":939},[58,88109,88110],{"class":943},"Hi",[58,88112,940],{"class":939},[58,88114,243],{"class":68},[58,88116,88117,88119,88121,88123],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88118,65],{"class":64},[58,88120,69],{"class":68},[58,88122,340],{"class":239},[58,88124,243],{"class":68},[16,88126,132],{},[49,88128,88130],{"className":51,"code":88129,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hi\nNone\n",[20,88131,88132,88137],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88133,88134],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88135,88136],{"class":286},"Hi\n",[58,88138,88139],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88140,9952],{"class":1966},[16,88142,88143],{},"Why does this happen?",[28,88145,88146,88154,88159],{},[31,88147,88148,88151,88152],{},[20,88149,88150],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[20,88153,88110],{},[31,88155,88156,88157],{},"but the function itself returns ",[20,88158,1891],{},[31,88160,88161,88162,10064,88164],{},"so ",[20,88163,340],{},[20,88165,1891],{},[16,88167,88168,88169,88171],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[20,88170,44620],{}," call.",[49,88173,88175],{"className":51,"code":88174,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[20,88176,88177,88190],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88178,88179,88182,88184,88186,88188],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88180,88181],{"class":286},"message ",[58,88183,290],{"class":77},[58,88185,1450],{"class":939},[58,88187,88110],{"class":943},[58,88189,1456],{"class":939},[58,88191,88192,88194,88196,88199],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88193,65],{"class":64},[58,88195,69],{"class":68},[58,88197,88198],{"class":239},"message",[58,88200,243],{"class":68},[16,88202,88203,88204,88206,88207,88211],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[20,88205,44620],{}," with functions like ",[374,88208,88209],{"href":6353},[20,88210,1048],{},", which do return a value.",[44,88213,88215,88216],{"id":88214},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[20,88217,44620],{},[16,88219,88220,88221,88223],{},"Beginners use ",[20,88222,44620],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[28,88225,88226,88229,88232,88235],{},[31,88227,88228],{},"to display results to the user",[31,88230,88231],{},"to show messages in a script",[31,88233,88234],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[31,88236,88237],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[16,88239,276],{},[49,88241,88243],{"className":51,"code":88242,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[20,88244,88245,88253,88257,88277,88288],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88246,88247,88249,88251],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88248,39348],{"class":286},[58,88250,290],{"class":77},[58,88252,36677],{"class":81},[58,88254,88255],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88256,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,88258,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,88260,4084],{"class":1991},[58,88262,4514],{"class":286},[58,88264,1998],{"class":1991},[58,88266,52241],{"class":64},[58,88268,69],{"class":68},[58,88270,1079],{"class":81},[58,88272,1082],{"class":68},[58,88274,537],{"class":81},[58,88276,6476],{"class":68},[58,88278,88279,88282,88285],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,88280,88281],{"class":286},"    total ",[58,88283,88284],{"class":77},"+=",[58,88286,88287],{"class":286}," number\n",[58,88289,88290,88292,88294,88296,88299,88301,88303,88305,88307,88309,88311,88313,88315,88317],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,88291,6202],{"class":64},[58,88293,69],{"class":68},[58,88295,940],{"class":939},[58,88297,88298],{"class":943},"Current number:",[58,88300,940],{"class":939},[58,88302,1082],{"class":68},[58,88304,265],{"class":239},[58,88306,1082],{"class":68},[58,88308,1450],{"class":939},[58,88310,43731],{"class":943},[58,88312,940],{"class":939},[58,88314,1082],{"class":68},[58,88316,43738],{"class":239},[58,88318,243],{"class":68},[16,88320,132],{},[49,88322,88324],{"className":51,"code":88323,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[20,88325,88326,88342,88356],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88327,88328,88331,88333,88335,88338,88340],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88329,88330],{"class":286},"Current number",[58,88332,973],{"class":68},[58,88334,3623],{"class":81},[58,88336,88337],{"class":286}," Total",[58,88339,973],{"class":68},[58,88341,27771],{"class":81},[58,88343,88344,88346,88348,88350,88352,88354],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88345,88330],{"class":286},[58,88347,973],{"class":68},[58,88349,1085],{"class":81},[58,88351,88337],{"class":286},[58,88353,973],{"class":68},[58,88355,660],{"class":81},[58,88357,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,88359,88330],{"class":286},[58,88361,973],{"class":68},[58,88363,531],{"class":81},[58,88365,88337],{"class":286},[58,88367,973],{"class":68},[58,88369,88370],{"class":81}," 6\n",[16,88372,88373,88374,499],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[374,88375,88377],{"href":88376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[44,88379,914],{"id":913},[16,88381,88382,88383,499],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[20,88384,44620],{},[617,88386,88388],{"id":88387},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[16,88390,88391],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[49,88393,88395],{"className":51,"code":88394,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(Hello)\n",[20,88396,88397],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88398,88399,88401,88403,88405],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88400,65],{"class":64},[58,88402,69],{"class":68},[58,88404,33027],{"class":239},[58,88406,243],{"class":68},[16,88408,7012,88409,88411],{},[20,88410,33027],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[16,88413,8948],{},[49,88415,88417],{"className":51,"code":88416,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[20,88418,88419],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88420,88421,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88422,65],{"class":64},[58,88424,69],{"class":68},[58,88426,940],{"class":939},[58,88428,33027],{"class":943},[58,88430,940],{"class":939},[58,88432,243],{"class":68},[617,88434,6552,88436,88438],{"id":88435},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[20,88437,65],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[16,88440,88441],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[49,88443,88445],{"className":51,"code":88444,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print \"Hello\"\n",[20,88446,88447],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88448,88449,88451,88453,88455],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88450,65],{"class":64},[58,88452,1450],{"class":939},[58,88454,33027],{"class":943},[58,88456,1456],{"class":939},[16,88458,8948],{},[49,88460,88461],{"className":51,"code":88416,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,88462,88463],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88464,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88466,65],{"class":64},[58,88468,69],{"class":68},[58,88470,940],{"class":939},[58,88472,33027],{"class":943},[58,88474,940],{"class":939},[58,88476,243],{"class":68},[617,88478,88480,88481],{"id":88479},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[20,88482,120],{},[16,88484,88485,88486,499],{},"This causes a ",[20,88487,1098],{},[49,88489,88490],{"className":51,"code":87578,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,88491,88492,88500],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88493,88494,88496,88498],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88495,19781],{"class":286},[58,88497,290],{"class":77},[58,88499,670],{"class":81},[58,88501,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88503,65],{"class":64},[58,88505,69],{"class":68},[58,88507,940],{"class":939},[58,88509,87599],{"class":943},[58,88511,940],{"class":939},[58,88513,534],{"class":77},[58,88515,7326],{"class":239},[58,88517,243],{"class":68},[16,88519,88520],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[49,88522,88524],{"className":51,"code":88523,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[20,88525,88526],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88527,88528,88530,88532,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88529,65],{"class":64},[58,88531,69],{"class":68},[58,88533,940],{"class":939},[58,88535,87500],{"class":943},[58,88537,940],{"class":939},[58,88539,1082],{"class":68},[58,88541,7326],{"class":239},[58,88543,243],{"class":68},[16,88545,88546],{},"Or convert the number first:",[49,88548,88550],{"className":51,"code":88549,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[20,88551,88552],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88553,88554,88556,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566,88568,88570,88572],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88555,65],{"class":64},[58,88557,69],{"class":68},[58,88559,940],{"class":939},[58,88561,87599],{"class":943},[58,88563,940],{"class":939},[58,88565,534],{"class":77},[58,88567,47073],{"class":991},[58,88569,69],{"class":68},[58,88571,7437],{"class":239},[58,88573,85],{"class":68},[16,88575,88576,88577,499],{},"If you see this error, read ",[374,88578,88580],{"href":88579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[617,88582,6588,88584,88586],{"id":88583},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[20,88585,44620],{}," to return a value",[16,88588,88589,88590,33490,88593,973],{},"This does not store ",[20,88591,88592],{},"\"Hello\"",[20,88594,340],{},[49,88596,88598],{"className":51,"code":88597,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[20,88599,88600],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88601,88602,88604,88606,88608,88610,88612,88614,88616],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88603,301],{"class":286},[58,88605,290],{"class":77},[58,88607,88103],{"class":64},[58,88609,69],{"class":68},[58,88611,940],{"class":939},[58,88613,33027],{"class":943},[58,88615,940],{"class":939},[58,88617,243],{"class":68},[16,88619,88620,88621,499],{},"It stores ",[20,88622,1891],{},[617,88624,88626,88627,2512,88629],{"id":88625},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[20,88628,87640],{},[20,88630,50831],{},[16,88632,83986],{},[28,88634,88635,88644],{},[31,88636,88637,88639,88640,88643],{},[20,88638,87640],{}," changes what goes ",[1855,88641,88642],{},"between"," multiple values",[31,88645,88646,88648,88649,88652],{},[20,88647,50831],{}," changes what appears ",[1855,88650,88651],{},"after"," the output",[44,88654,88656],{"id":88655},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[16,88658,88659,88660,88662],{},"These simple ",[20,88661,44620],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[49,88664,88666],{"className":51,"code":88665,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[20,88667,88668,88688,88703],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88669,88670,88672,88674,88676,88679,88681,88683,88686],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88671,65],{"class":64},[58,88673,69],{"class":68},[58,88675,940],{"class":939},[58,88677,88678],{"class":943},"Debug:",[58,88680,940],{"class":939},[58,88682,1082],{"class":68},[58,88684,88685],{"class":239}," variable_name",[58,88687,243],{"class":68},[58,88689,88690,88692,88694,88696,88698,88701],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88691,65],{"class":64},[58,88693,69],{"class":68},[58,88695,1316],{"class":991},[58,88697,69],{"class":68},[58,88699,88700],{"class":239},"variable_name",[58,88702,85],{"class":68},[58,88704,88705,88707,88709,88711],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,88706,30310],{"class":64},[58,88708,69],{"class":68},[58,88710,65],{"class":64},[58,88712,243],{"class":68},[16,88714,88715],{},"What they do:",[28,88717,88718,88724,88730],{},[31,88719,88720,88723],{},[20,88721,88722],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[31,88725,88726,88729],{},[20,88727,88728],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[31,88731,88732,88735,88736],{},[20,88733,88734],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[20,88737,44620],{},[44,88739,1555],{"id":1554},[617,88741,10849,88743,88745],{"id":88742},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[20,88744,44620],{}," add a new line automatically?",[16,88747,88748,88749,88751,88752,34784],{},"Yes. By default, ",[20,88750,44620],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[20,88753,50831],{},[617,88755,3293,88757,88759],{"id":88756},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[20,88758,44620],{}," show more than one value?",[16,88761,88762,88763,88765],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[20,88764,44620],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[617,88767,3281,88769,3284,88772,573],{"id":88768},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[20,88770,88771],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[20,88773,1891],{},[16,88775,27217,88776,88778],{},[20,88777,44620],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[617,88780,88782],{"id":88781},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[16,88784,88785],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[49,88787,88789],{"className":51,"code":88788,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[20,88790,88791],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88792,88793,88795,88797,88799,88801,88803,88805,88807],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88794,65],{"class":64},[58,88796,69],{"class":68},[58,88798,940],{"class":939},[58,88800,87500],{"class":943},[58,88802,940],{"class":939},[58,88804,1082],{"class":68},[58,88806,4131],{"class":81},[58,88808,243],{"class":68},[16,88810,88811,88812,38094],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[20,88813,45852],{},[617,88815,3303,88817,2512,88819,573],{"id":88816},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[20,88818,87640],{},[20,88820,50831],{},[28,88822,88823,88828],{},[31,88824,88825,88827],{},[20,88826,87640],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[31,88829,88830,88832],{},[20,88831,50831],{}," changes what appears after the output",[44,88834,1603],{"id":1602},[28,88836,88837,88841,88847,88853,88858,88863],{},[31,88838,88839],{},[374,88840,49146],{"href":49145},[31,88842,88843],{},[374,88844,1681,88845,1612],{"href":6353},[20,88846,1048],{},[31,88848,88849],{},[374,88850,1681,88851,1612],{"href":40341},[20,88852,45852],{},[31,88854,88855],{},[374,88856,88857],{"href":87866},"How to format strings in Python",[31,88859,88860],{},[374,88861,88862],{"href":88376},"How to debug Python code",[31,88864,88865],{},[374,88866,88580],{"href":88579},[1635,88868,88869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":88871},[88872,88873,88875,88876,88882,88883,88884,88889,88895,88897,88899,88910,88911,88922],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":87044,"depth":88,"text":88874},"What print() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":87280,"depth":88,"text":87281,"children":88877},[88878,88879,88880,88881],{"id":87289,"depth":104,"text":87290},{"id":87330,"depth":104,"text":87331},{"id":87362,"depth":104,"text":87363},{"id":87389,"depth":104,"text":87390},{"id":87431,"depth":88,"text":87432},{"id":87627,"depth":88,"text":87628},{"id":87667,"depth":88,"text":88885,"children":88886},"sep argument",[88887,88888],{"id":87680,"depth":104,"text":87681},{"id":87730,"depth":104,"text":87731},{"id":87870,"depth":88,"text":88890,"children":88891},"end argument",[88892,88893,88894],{"id":87884,"depth":104,"text":87681},{"id":87937,"depth":104,"text":87938},{"id":87993,"depth":104,"text":87994},{"id":88077,"depth":88,"text":88896},"print() returns None",{"id":88214,"depth":88,"text":88898},"When beginners use print()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":88900},[88901,88902,88904,88906,88908],{"id":88387,"depth":104,"text":88388},{"id":88435,"depth":104,"text":88903},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":88479,"depth":104,"text":88905},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":88583,"depth":104,"text":88907},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":88625,"depth":104,"text":88909},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":88655,"depth":88,"text":88656},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":88912},[88913,88915,88917,88919,88920],{"id":88742,"depth":104,"text":88914},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":88756,"depth":104,"text":88916},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":88768,"depth":104,"text":88918},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":88781,"depth":104,"text":88782},{"id":88816,"depth":104,"text":88921},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":86927,"description":88923},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":88930,"title":88931,"body":88932,"description":91236,"extension":1667,"meta":91237,"navigation":318,"path":91238,"seo":91239,"stem":91240,"__hash__":91241},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":88933,"toc":91182},[88934,88939,88944,88957,88959,89024,89035,89040,89045,89047,89070,89073,89104,89106,89123,89128,89134,89139,89188,89191,89208,89214,89219,89242,89244,89272,89278,89286,89313,89315,89340,89346,89349,89380,89382,89411,89415,89418,89423,89445,89447,89475,89481,89487,89513,89515,89539,89545,89551,89581,89583,89611,89621,89625,89631,89664,89666,89695,89698,89701,89734,89736,89744,89750,89752,89775,89780,89789,89794,89808,89810,89850,89852,89882,89886,89921,89927,89931,89975,89977,90007,90013,90016,90095,90097,90119,90127,90130,90193,90201,90276,90282,90289,90294,90299,90322,90324,90345,90347,90360,90362,90409,90411,90450,90459,90461,90465,90469,90472,90499,90502,90531,90534,90558,90561,90569,90575,90597,90599,90627,90631,90636,90691,90696,90698,90755,90762,90771,90774,90806,90808,90816,90819,90825,90827,90850,90853,90859,90862,90881,90883,90902,90905,90927,90929,90957,90961,90965,91070,91072,91085,91087,91093,91096,91104,91109,91115,91121,91126,91134,91140,91147,91149,91179],[12,88935,1681,88937,1685],{"id":88936},"python-range-function-explained",[20,88938,34360],{},[16,88940,30475,88941,88943],{},[20,88942,34360],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[16,88945,88946,88947,88949,88950,88952,88953,88956],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[20,88948,4084],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[20,88951,34360],{}," stops ",[1855,88954,88955],{},"before"," the end value.",[44,88958,47],{"id":46},[49,88960,88962],{"className":51,"code":88961,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[20,88963,88964,88980,88990,88994,88999,89004,89009,89014,89019],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,88965,88966,88968,88970,88972,88974,88976,88978],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,88967,4084],{"class":1991},[58,88969,67722],{"class":286},[58,88971,1998],{"class":1991},[58,88973,52241],{"class":64},[58,88975,69],{"class":68},[58,88977,200],{"class":81},[58,88979,6476],{"class":68},[58,88981,88982,88984,88986,88988],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,88983,6202],{"class":64},[58,88985,69],{"class":68},[58,88987,34316],{"class":239},[58,88989,243],{"class":68},[58,88991,88992],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,88993,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,88995,88996],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,88997,88998],{"class":1773},"# Output:\n",[58,89000,89001],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,89002,89003],{"class":1773},"# 0\n",[58,89005,89006],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,89007,89008],{"class":1773},"# 1\n",[58,89010,89011],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,89012,89013],{"class":1773},"# 2\n",[58,89015,89016],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,89017,89018],{"class":1773},"# 3\n",[58,89020,89021],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,89022,89023],{"class":1773},"# 4\n",[16,89025,89026,89029,89030,89032,89033,499],{},[20,89027,89028],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[20,89031,183],{}," and stopping before ",[20,89034,200],{},[44,89036,1788,89038,1791],{"id":89037},"what-range-does",[20,89039,34360],{},[16,89041,89042,89044],{},[20,89043,34360],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[16,89046,11198],{},[28,89048,89049,89054,89060,89065],{},[31,89050,89051,89053],{},[20,89052,34360],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[31,89055,89056,89057,89059],{},"It is commonly used with ",[20,89058,4084],{}," loops",[31,89061,89062,89063],{},"The stop value is ",[1855,89064,63243],{},[31,89066,15572,89067,89069],{},[20,89068,58171],{}," object, not a regular list",[16,89071,89072],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[49,89074,89076],{"className":51,"code":89075,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[20,89077,89078,89094],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89079,89080,89082,89084,89086,89088,89090,89092],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89081,4084],{"class":1991},[58,89083,4514],{"class":286},[58,89085,1998],{"class":1991},[58,89087,52241],{"class":64},[58,89089,69],{"class":68},[58,89091,123],{"class":81},[58,89093,6476],{"class":68},[58,89095,89096,89098,89100,89102],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89097,6202],{"class":64},[58,89099,69],{"class":68},[58,89101,311],{"class":239},[58,89103,243],{"class":68},[16,89105,132],{},[49,89107,89109],{"className":51,"code":89108,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0\n1\n2\n",[20,89110,89111,89115,89119],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89112,89113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89114,45420],{"class":81},[58,89116,89117],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89118,45085],{"class":81},[58,89120,89121],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,89122,15206],{"class":81},[16,89124,89125,89126,499],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[374,89127,34190],{"href":34189},[44,89129,89131,89133],{"id":89130},"range-syntax",[20,89132,34360],{}," syntax",[16,89135,89136,89138],{},[20,89137,34360],{}," has three common forms:",[49,89140,89142],{"className":51,"code":89141,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[20,89143,89144,89154,89169],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89145,89146,89148,89150,89152],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89147,58171],{"class":64},[58,89149,69],{"class":68},[58,89151,73600],{"class":239},[58,89153,243],{"class":68},[58,89155,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89167],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89157,58171],{"class":64},[58,89159,69],{"class":68},[58,89161,34234],{"class":239},[58,89163,1082],{"class":68},[58,89165,89166],{"class":239}," stop",[58,89168,243],{"class":68},[58,89170,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183,89186],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,89172,58171],{"class":64},[58,89174,69],{"class":68},[58,89176,34234],{"class":239},[58,89178,1082],{"class":68},[58,89180,89166],{"class":239},[58,89182,1082],{"class":68},[58,89184,89185],{"class":239}," step",[58,89187,243],{"class":68},[16,89189,89190],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[28,89192,89193,89198,89203],{},[31,89194,89195,89197],{},[20,89196,34234],{}," = first number",[31,89199,89200,89202],{},[20,89201,73600],{}," = end limit, not included",[31,89204,89205,89207],{},[20,89206,73603],{}," = amount to move each time",[617,89209,89211],{"id":89210},"rangestop",[20,89212,89213],{},"range(stop)",[16,89215,89216,89217,499],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[20,89218,183],{},[49,89220,89222],{"className":51,"code":89221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[20,89223,89224],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89225,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236,89238,89240],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89227,65],{"class":64},[58,89229,69],{"class":68},[58,89231,6227],{"class":991},[58,89233,69],{"class":68},[58,89235,58171],{"class":64},[58,89237,69],{"class":68},[58,89239,200],{"class":81},[58,89241,1002],{"class":68},[16,89243,132],{},[49,89245,89246],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89247,89248],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89249,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89251,2016],{"class":68},[58,89253,183],{"class":81},[58,89255,1082],{"class":68},[58,89257,3623],{"class":81},[58,89259,1082],{"class":68},[58,89261,1085],{"class":81},[58,89263,1082],{"class":68},[58,89265,531],{"class":81},[58,89267,1082],{"class":68},[58,89269,537],{"class":81},[58,89271,1743],{"class":68},[617,89273,89275],{"id":89274},"rangestart-stop",[20,89276,89277],{},"range(start, stop)",[16,89279,89280,89281,89283,89284,499],{},"This starts at ",[20,89282,34234],{}," and stops before ",[20,89285,73600],{},[49,89287,89289],{"className":51,"code":89288,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[20,89290,89291],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89292,89293,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307,89309,89311],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89294,65],{"class":64},[58,89296,69],{"class":68},[58,89298,6227],{"class":991},[58,89300,69],{"class":68},[58,89302,58171],{"class":64},[58,89304,69],{"class":68},[58,89306,117],{"class":81},[58,89308,1082],{"class":68},[58,89310,35807],{"class":81},[58,89312,1002],{"class":68},[16,89314,132],{},[49,89316,89318],{"className":51,"code":89317,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[20,89319,89320],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89321,89322,89324,89326,89328,89330,89332,89334,89336,89338],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89323,2016],{"class":68},[58,89325,117],{"class":81},[58,89327,1082],{"class":68},[58,89329,531],{"class":81},[58,89331,1082],{"class":68},[58,89333,537],{"class":81},[58,89335,1082],{"class":68},[58,89337,2725],{"class":81},[58,89339,1743],{"class":68},[617,89341,89343],{"id":89342},"rangestart-stop-step",[20,89344,89345],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[16,89347,89348],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[49,89350,89352],{"className":51,"code":89351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[20,89353,89354],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89355,89356,89358,89360,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370,89372,89374,89376,89378],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89357,65],{"class":64},[58,89359,69],{"class":68},[58,89361,6227],{"class":991},[58,89363,69],{"class":68},[58,89365,58171],{"class":64},[58,89367,69],{"class":68},[58,89369,1079],{"class":81},[58,89371,1082],{"class":68},[58,89373,4131],{"class":81},[58,89375,1082],{"class":68},[58,89377,1085],{"class":81},[58,89379,1002],{"class":68},[16,89381,132],{},[49,89383,89385],{"className":51,"code":89384,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[20,89386,89387],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89388,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405,89407,89409],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89390,2016],{"class":68},[58,89392,1079],{"class":81},[58,89394,1082],{"class":68},[58,89396,531],{"class":81},[58,89398,1082],{"class":68},[58,89400,2725],{"class":81},[58,89402,1082],{"class":68},[58,89404,4120],{"class":81},[58,89406,1082],{"class":68},[58,89408,52307],{"class":81},[58,89410,1743],{"class":68},[44,89412,89414],{"id":89413},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[16,89416,89417],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[617,89419,89421],{"id":89420},"range5",[20,89422,89028],{},[49,89424,89425],{"className":51,"code":89221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89426,89427],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89428,89429,89431,89433,89435,89437,89439,89441,89443],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89430,65],{"class":64},[58,89432,69],{"class":68},[58,89434,6227],{"class":991},[58,89436,69],{"class":68},[58,89438,58171],{"class":64},[58,89440,69],{"class":68},[58,89442,200],{"class":81},[58,89444,1002],{"class":68},[16,89446,132],{},[49,89448,89449],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89450,89451],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89452,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463,89465,89467,89469,89471,89473],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89454,2016],{"class":68},[58,89456,183],{"class":81},[58,89458,1082],{"class":68},[58,89460,3623],{"class":81},[58,89462,1082],{"class":68},[58,89464,1085],{"class":81},[58,89466,1082],{"class":68},[58,89468,531],{"class":81},[58,89470,1082],{"class":68},[58,89472,537],{"class":81},[58,89474,1743],{"class":68},[16,89476,89280,89477,89283,89479,499],{},[20,89478,183],{},[20,89480,200],{},[617,89482,89484],{"id":89483},"range2-6",[20,89485,89486],{},"range(2, 6)",[49,89488,89489],{"className":51,"code":89288,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89490,89491],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89492,89493,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509,89511],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89494,65],{"class":64},[58,89496,69],{"class":68},[58,89498,6227],{"class":991},[58,89500,69],{"class":68},[58,89502,58171],{"class":64},[58,89504,69],{"class":68},[58,89506,117],{"class":81},[58,89508,1082],{"class":68},[58,89510,35807],{"class":81},[58,89512,1002],{"class":68},[16,89514,132],{},[49,89516,89517],{"className":51,"code":89317,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89518,89519],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89520,89521,89523,89525,89527,89529,89531,89533,89535,89537],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89522,2016],{"class":68},[58,89524,117],{"class":81},[58,89526,1082],{"class":68},[58,89528,531],{"class":81},[58,89530,1082],{"class":68},[58,89532,537],{"class":81},[58,89534,1082],{"class":68},[58,89536,2725],{"class":81},[58,89538,1743],{"class":68},[16,89540,89280,89541,89283,89543,499],{},[20,89542,117],{},[20,89544,78768],{},[617,89546,89548],{"id":89547},"range1-10-2",[20,89549,89550],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[49,89552,89553],{"className":51,"code":89351,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89554,89555],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89556,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575,89577,89579],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89558,65],{"class":64},[58,89560,69],{"class":68},[58,89562,6227],{"class":991},[58,89564,69],{"class":68},[58,89566,58171],{"class":64},[58,89568,69],{"class":68},[58,89570,1079],{"class":81},[58,89572,1082],{"class":68},[58,89574,4131],{"class":81},[58,89576,1082],{"class":68},[58,89578,1085],{"class":81},[58,89580,1002],{"class":68},[16,89582,132],{},[49,89584,89585],{"className":51,"code":89384,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89586,89587],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89588,89589,89591,89593,89595,89597,89599,89601,89603,89605,89607,89609],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89590,2016],{"class":68},[58,89592,1079],{"class":81},[58,89594,1082],{"class":68},[58,89596,531],{"class":81},[58,89598,1082],{"class":68},[58,89600,2725],{"class":81},[58,89602,1082],{"class":68},[58,89604,4120],{"class":81},[58,89606,1082],{"class":68},[58,89608,52307],{"class":81},[58,89610,1743],{"class":68},[16,89612,89613,89614,89616,89617,59474,89619,499],{},"This moves by ",[20,89615,117],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[20,89618,1079],{},[20,89620,208],{},[617,89622,89624],{"id":89623},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[16,89626,89627,89628,89630],{},"A negative step makes ",[20,89629,34360],{}," count backward.",[49,89632,89634],{"className":51,"code":89633,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[20,89635,89636],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89637,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89639,65],{"class":64},[58,89641,69],{"class":68},[58,89643,6227],{"class":991},[58,89645,69],{"class":68},[58,89647,58171],{"class":64},[58,89649,69],{"class":68},[58,89651,200],{"class":81},[58,89653,1082],{"class":68},[58,89655,1947],{"class":81},[58,89657,1082],{"class":68},[58,89659,293],{"class":77},[58,89661,1079],{"class":81},[58,89663,1002],{"class":68},[16,89665,132],{},[49,89667,89669],{"className":51,"code":89668,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[20,89670,89671],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89672,89673,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691,89693],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89674,2016],{"class":68},[58,89676,200],{"class":81},[58,89678,1082],{"class":68},[58,89680,537],{"class":81},[58,89682,1082],{"class":68},[58,89684,531],{"class":81},[58,89686,1082],{"class":68},[58,89688,1085],{"class":81},[58,89690,1082],{"class":68},[58,89692,3623],{"class":81},[58,89694,1743],{"class":68},[16,89696,89697],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[16,89699,89700],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[49,89702,89704],{"className":51,"code":89703,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[20,89705,89706],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89707,89708,89710,89712,89714,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89709,65],{"class":64},[58,89711,69],{"class":68},[58,89713,6227],{"class":991},[58,89715,69],{"class":68},[58,89717,58171],{"class":64},[58,89719,69],{"class":68},[58,89721,1079],{"class":81},[58,89723,1082],{"class":68},[58,89725,2725],{"class":81},[58,89727,1082],{"class":68},[58,89729,293],{"class":77},[58,89731,1079],{"class":81},[58,89733,1002],{"class":68},[16,89735,132],{},[49,89737,89738],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,89739,89740],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89741,89742],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89743,36461],{"class":68},[617,89745,89746,74763,89748],{"id":74987},[20,89747,73603],{},[20,89749,183],{},[16,89751,921],{},[49,89753,89755],{"className":51,"code":89754,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[20,89756,89757],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89758,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89760,58171],{"class":64},[58,89762,69],{"class":68},[58,89764,1079],{"class":81},[58,89766,1082],{"class":68},[58,89768,2725],{"class":81},[58,89770,1082],{"class":68},[58,89772,1947],{"class":81},[58,89774,243],{"class":68},[16,89776,75032,89777,89779],{},[20,89778,38869],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[44,89781,6552,89783,89785,89786,89788],{"id":89782},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[20,89784,34360],{}," in a ",[20,89787,4084],{}," loop",[16,89790,89791,89793],{},[20,89792,34360],{}," is most useful when:",[28,89795,89796,89799,89802],{},[31,89797,89798],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[31,89800,89801],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[31,89803,89804,89805],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[20,89806,89807],{},"for i in range(n)",[16,89809,276],{},[49,89811,89813],{"className":51,"code":89812,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[20,89814,89815,89831],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89816,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825,89827,89829],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89818,4084],{"class":1991},[58,89820,67722],{"class":286},[58,89822,1998],{"class":1991},[58,89824,52241],{"class":64},[58,89826,69],{"class":68},[58,89828,123],{"class":81},[58,89830,6476],{"class":68},[58,89832,89833,89835,89837,89839,89842,89844,89846,89848],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89834,6202],{"class":64},[58,89836,69],{"class":68},[58,89838,940],{"class":939},[58,89840,89841],{"class":943},"Loop number:",[58,89843,940],{"class":939},[58,89845,1082],{"class":68},[58,89847,34291],{"class":239},[58,89849,243],{"class":68},[16,89851,132],{},[49,89853,89855],{"className":51,"code":89854,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[20,89856,89857,89866,89874],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89858,89859,89862,89864],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89860,89861],{"class":286},"Loop number",[58,89863,973],{"class":68},[58,89865,36677],{"class":81},[58,89867,89868,89870,89872],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89869,89861],{"class":286},[58,89871,973],{"class":68},[58,89873,27771],{"class":81},[58,89875,89876,89878,89880],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,89877,89861],{"class":286},[58,89879,973],{"class":68},[58,89881,43757],{"class":81},[617,89883,89885],{"id":89884},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[49,89887,89889],{"className":51,"code":89888,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[20,89890,89891,89907],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89892,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89894,4084],{"class":1991},[58,89896,67722],{"class":286},[58,89898,1998],{"class":1991},[58,89900,52241],{"class":64},[58,89902,69],{"class":68},[58,89904,200],{"class":81},[58,89906,6476],{"class":68},[58,89908,89909,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89910,6202],{"class":64},[58,89912,69],{"class":68},[58,89914,940],{"class":939},[58,89916,33027],{"class":943},[58,89918,940],{"class":939},[58,89920,243],{"class":68},[16,89922,89923,89924,89926],{},"This prints ",[20,89925,88592],{}," five times.",[617,89928,89930],{"id":89929},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[49,89932,89934],{"className":51,"code":89933,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[20,89935,89936,89956],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89937,89938,89940,89942,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89939,4084],{"class":1991},[58,89941,67722],{"class":286},[58,89943,1998],{"class":1991},[58,89945,52241],{"class":64},[58,89947,69],{"class":68},[58,89949,1079],{"class":81},[58,89951,1082],{"class":68},[58,89953,537],{"class":81},[58,89955,6476],{"class":68},[58,89957,89958,89960,89962,89964,89967,89969,89971,89973],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89959,6202],{"class":64},[58,89961,69],{"class":68},[58,89963,940],{"class":939},[58,89965,89966],{"class":943},"Current number is",[58,89968,940],{"class":939},[58,89970,1082],{"class":68},[58,89972,34291],{"class":239},[58,89974,243],{"class":68},[16,89976,132],{},[49,89978,89980],{"className":51,"code":89979,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[20,89981,89982,89991,89999],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,89983,89984,89987,89989],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,89985,89986],{"class":286},"Current number ",[58,89988,10338],{"class":77},[58,89990,27771],{"class":81},[58,89992,89993,89995,89997],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,89994,89986],{"class":286},[58,89996,10338],{"class":77},[58,89998,43757],{"class":81},[58,90000,90001,90003,90005],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90002,89986],{"class":286},[58,90004,10338],{"class":77},[58,90006,660],{"class":81},[617,90008,90010,90012],{"id":90009},"range-and-indexing",[20,90011,34360],{}," and indexing",[16,90014,90015],{},"You may see code like this:",[49,90017,90019],{"className":51,"code":90018,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[20,90020,90021,90053,90057,90077],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90022,90023,90025,90027,90029,90031,90033,90035,90037,90039,90041,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90024,5911],{"class":286},[58,90026,290],{"class":77},[58,90028,1730],{"class":68},[58,90030,940],{"class":939},[58,90032,374],{"class":943},[58,90034,940],{"class":939},[58,90036,1082],{"class":68},[58,90038,1450],{"class":939},[58,90040,2882],{"class":943},[58,90042,940],{"class":939},[58,90044,1082],{"class":68},[58,90046,1450],{"class":939},[58,90048,7878],{"class":943},[58,90050,940],{"class":939},[58,90052,1743],{"class":68},[58,90054,90055],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90056,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,90058,90059,90061,90063,90065,90067,90069,90071,90073,90075],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90060,4084],{"class":1991},[58,90062,67722],{"class":286},[58,90064,1998],{"class":1991},[58,90066,52241],{"class":64},[58,90068,69],{"class":68},[58,90070,9303],{"class":64},[58,90072,69],{"class":68},[58,90074,5942],{"class":239},[58,90076,67737],{"class":68},[58,90078,90079,90081,90083,90085,90087,90089,90091,90093],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,90080,6202],{"class":64},[58,90082,69],{"class":68},[58,90084,34316],{"class":239},[58,90086,1082],{"class":68},[58,90088,4092],{"class":239},[58,90090,2016],{"class":68},[58,90092,34316],{"class":239},[58,90094,2004],{"class":68},[16,90096,132],{},[49,90098,90099],{"className":51,"code":34328,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90100,90101,90107,90113],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90102,90103,90105],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90104,183],{"class":81},[58,90106,34337],{"class":286},[58,90108,90109,90111],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90110,1079],{"class":81},[58,90112,34344],{"class":286},[58,90114,90115,90117],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90116,117],{"class":81},[58,90118,34351],{"class":286},[16,90120,90121,90122,90126],{},"This works, and it uses ",[374,90123,90124],{"href":40524},[20,90125,40527],{}," to get the number of items.",[16,90128,90129],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[49,90131,90133],{"className":51,"code":90132,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[20,90134,90135,90167,90171,90183],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90136,90137,90139,90141,90143,90145,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163,90165],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90138,5911],{"class":286},[58,90140,290],{"class":77},[58,90142,1730],{"class":68},[58,90144,940],{"class":939},[58,90146,374],{"class":943},[58,90148,940],{"class":939},[58,90150,1082],{"class":68},[58,90152,1450],{"class":939},[58,90154,2882],{"class":943},[58,90156,940],{"class":939},[58,90158,1082],{"class":68},[58,90160,1450],{"class":939},[58,90162,7878],{"class":943},[58,90164,940],{"class":939},[58,90166,1743],{"class":68},[58,90168,90169],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90170,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,90172,90173,90175,90177,90179,90181],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90174,4084],{"class":1991},[58,90176,4087],{"class":286},[58,90178,1998],{"class":1991},[58,90180,4092],{"class":286},[58,90182,4521],{"class":68},[58,90184,90185,90187,90189,90191],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,90186,6202],{"class":64},[58,90188,69],{"class":68},[58,90190,21464],{"class":239},[58,90192,243],{"class":68},[16,90194,34755,90195,90200],{},[374,90196,90198],{"href":90197},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[20,90199,33910],{}," is usually a better choice:",[49,90202,90204],{"className":51,"code":90203,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[20,90205,90206,90238,90242,90262],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90207,90208,90210,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90209,5911],{"class":286},[58,90211,290],{"class":77},[58,90213,1730],{"class":68},[58,90215,940],{"class":939},[58,90217,374],{"class":943},[58,90219,940],{"class":939},[58,90221,1082],{"class":68},[58,90223,1450],{"class":939},[58,90225,2882],{"class":943},[58,90227,940],{"class":939},[58,90229,1082],{"class":68},[58,90231,1450],{"class":939},[58,90233,7878],{"class":943},[58,90235,940],{"class":939},[58,90237,1743],{"class":68},[58,90239,90240],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90241,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,90243,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90245,4084],{"class":1991},[58,90247,33982],{"class":286},[58,90249,1082],{"class":68},[58,90251,4087],{"class":286},[58,90253,1998],{"class":1991},[58,90255,33992],{"class":64},[58,90257,69],{"class":68},[58,90259,5942],{"class":239},[58,90261,6476],{"class":68},[58,90263,90264,90266,90268,90270,90272,90274],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,90265,6202],{"class":64},[58,90267,69],{"class":68},[58,90269,34007],{"class":239},[58,90271,1082],{"class":68},[58,90273,27663],{"class":239},[58,90275,243],{"class":68},[16,90277,77292,90278,499],{},[374,90279,34768,90280,34771],{"href":34767},[20,90281,33910],{},[44,90283,90285,90286,90288],{"id":90284},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[20,90287,34360],{}," to a list",[16,90290,90291,90293],{},[20,90292,34360],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[16,90295,90296,90297,973],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[20,90298,22935],{},[49,90300,90302],{"className":51,"code":90301,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[20,90303,90304],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90305,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316,90318,90320],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90307,65],{"class":64},[58,90309,69],{"class":68},[58,90311,6227],{"class":991},[58,90313,69],{"class":68},[58,90315,58171],{"class":64},[58,90317,69],{"class":68},[58,90319,123],{"class":81},[58,90321,1002],{"class":68},[16,90323,132],{},[49,90325,90327],{"className":51,"code":90326,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[20,90328,90329],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90330,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90332,2016],{"class":68},[58,90334,183],{"class":81},[58,90336,1082],{"class":68},[58,90338,3623],{"class":81},[58,90340,1082],{"class":68},[58,90342,1085],{"class":81},[58,90344,1743],{"class":68},[16,90346,31470],{},[28,90348,90349,90354,90357],{},[31,90350,90351,90352,40251],{},"learning how ",[20,90353,34360],{},[31,90355,90356],{},"checking your values",[31,90358,90359],{},"debugging code",[16,90361,3597],{},[49,90363,90365],{"className":51,"code":90364,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[20,90366,90367,90381,90385,90395],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90368,90369,90371,90373,90375,90377,90379],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90370,1725],{"class":286},[58,90372,290],{"class":77},[58,90374,52241],{"class":64},[58,90376,69],{"class":68},[58,90378,586],{"class":81},[58,90380,243],{"class":68},[58,90382,90383],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90384,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,90386,90387,90389,90391,90393],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90388,65],{"class":64},[58,90390,69],{"class":68},[58,90392,1757],{"class":239},[58,90394,243],{"class":68},[58,90396,90397,90399,90401,90403,90405,90407],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,90398,65],{"class":64},[58,90400,69],{"class":68},[58,90402,6227],{"class":991},[58,90404,69],{"class":68},[58,90406,1757],{"class":239},[58,90408,85],{"class":68},[16,90410,132],{},[49,90412,90414],{"className":51,"code":90413,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,90415,90416,90430],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90417,90418,90420,90422,90424,90426,90428],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90419,58171],{"class":64},[58,90421,69],{"class":68},[58,90423,183],{"class":81},[58,90425,1082],{"class":68},[58,90427,537],{"class":81},[58,90429,243],{"class":68},[58,90431,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442,90444,90446,90448],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90433,2016],{"class":68},[58,90435,183],{"class":81},[58,90437,1082],{"class":68},[58,90439,3623],{"class":81},[58,90441,1082],{"class":68},[58,90443,1085],{"class":81},[58,90445,1082],{"class":68},[58,90447,531],{"class":81},[58,90449,1743],{"class":68},[16,90451,90452,90453,8725,90455,90458],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[20,90454,58171],{},[20,90456,90457],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[44,90460,2638],{"id":2637},[16,90462,31699,90463,499],{},[20,90464,34360],{},[617,90466,90468],{"id":90467},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[16,90470,90471],{},"Many beginners think this:",[49,90473,90475],{"className":51,"code":90474,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[20,90476,90477],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90478,90479,90481,90483,90485,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90480,65],{"class":64},[58,90482,69],{"class":68},[58,90484,6227],{"class":991},[58,90486,69],{"class":68},[58,90488,58171],{"class":64},[58,90490,69],{"class":68},[58,90492,1079],{"class":81},[58,90494,1082],{"class":68},[58,90496,2725],{"class":81},[58,90498,1002],{"class":68},[16,90500,90501],{},"will produce:",[49,90503,90505],{"className":51,"code":90504,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[20,90506,90507],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90508,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90510,2016],{"class":68},[58,90512,1079],{"class":81},[58,90514,1082],{"class":68},[58,90516,1085],{"class":81},[58,90518,1082],{"class":68},[58,90520,531],{"class":81},[58,90522,1082],{"class":68},[58,90524,537],{"class":81},[58,90526,1082],{"class":68},[58,90528,2725],{"class":81},[58,90530,1743],{"class":68},[16,90532,90533],{},"But the real output is:",[49,90535,90536],{"className":51,"code":51676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90537,90538],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90539,90540,90542,90544,90546,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90541,2016],{"class":68},[58,90543,1079],{"class":81},[58,90545,1082],{"class":68},[58,90547,1085],{"class":81},[58,90549,1082],{"class":68},[58,90551,531],{"class":81},[58,90553,1082],{"class":68},[58,90555,537],{"class":81},[58,90557,1743],{"class":68},[16,90559,90560],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[617,90562,2699,90564,90566,90567],{"id":90563},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[20,90565,89028],{}," starts at ",[20,90568,1079],{},[16,90570,35631,90571,17115,90573,499],{},[20,90572,183],{},[20,90574,1079],{},[49,90576,90577],{"className":51,"code":89221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90578,90579],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90580,90581,90583,90585,90587,90589,90591,90593,90595],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90582,65],{"class":64},[58,90584,69],{"class":68},[58,90586,6227],{"class":991},[58,90588,69],{"class":68},[58,90590,58171],{"class":64},[58,90592,69],{"class":68},[58,90594,200],{"class":81},[58,90596,1002],{"class":68},[16,90598,132],{},[49,90600,90601],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90602,90603],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90604,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90617,90619,90621,90623,90625],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90606,2016],{"class":68},[58,90608,183],{"class":81},[58,90610,1082],{"class":68},[58,90612,3623],{"class":81},[58,90614,1082],{"class":68},[58,90616,1085],{"class":81},[58,90618,1082],{"class":68},[58,90620,531],{"class":81},[58,90622,1082],{"class":68},[58,90624,537],{"class":81},[58,90626,1743],{"class":68},[617,90628,90630],{"id":90629},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[16,90632,90633,90634,973],{},"This often happens with ",[20,90635,1048],{},[49,90637,90639],{"className":51,"code":90638,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[20,90640,90641,90660,90664,90681],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90642,90643,90646,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656,90658],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90644,90645],{"class":286},"user_number ",[58,90647,290],{"class":77},[58,90649,6376],{"class":64},[58,90651,69],{"class":68},[58,90653,940],{"class":939},[58,90655,40037],{"class":943},[58,90657,940],{"class":939},[58,90659,243],{"class":68},[58,90661,90662],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90663,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,90665,90666,90668,90670,90672,90674,90676,90679],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90667,4084],{"class":1991},[58,90669,67722],{"class":286},[58,90671,1998],{"class":1991},[58,90673,52241],{"class":64},[58,90675,69],{"class":68},[58,90677,90678],{"class":239},"user_number",[58,90680,6476],{"class":68},[58,90682,90683,90685,90687,90689],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,90684,6202],{"class":64},[58,90686,69],{"class":68},[58,90688,34316],{"class":239},[58,90690,243],{"class":68},[16,90692,46679,90693,90695],{},[20,90694,1048],{}," returns a string.",[16,90697,8948],{},[49,90699,90701],{"className":51,"code":90700,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[20,90702,90703,90725,90729,90745],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90704,90705,90707,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90706,90645],{"class":286},[58,90708,290],{"class":77},[58,90710,43444],{"class":991},[58,90712,69],{"class":68},[58,90714,40629],{"class":64},[58,90716,69],{"class":68},[58,90718,940],{"class":939},[58,90720,40037],{"class":943},[58,90722,940],{"class":939},[58,90724,85],{"class":68},[58,90726,90727],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90728,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,90730,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,90732,4084],{"class":1991},[58,90734,67722],{"class":286},[58,90736,1998],{"class":1991},[58,90738,52241],{"class":64},[58,90740,69],{"class":68},[58,90742,90678],{"class":239},[58,90744,6476],{"class":68},[58,90746,90747,90749,90751,90753],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,90748,6202],{"class":64},[58,90750,69],{"class":68},[58,90752,34316],{"class":239},[58,90754,243],{"class":68},[16,90756,90757,90758,499],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[374,90759,48693,90760],{"href":48692},[20,90761,48696],{},[617,90763,90765,90766,90768,90769],{"id":90764},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[20,90767,34234],{}," smaller than ",[20,90770,73600],{},[16,90772,90773],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[49,90775,90776],{"className":51,"code":89703,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90777,90778],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90779,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800,90802,90804],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90781,65],{"class":64},[58,90783,69],{"class":68},[58,90785,6227],{"class":991},[58,90787,69],{"class":68},[58,90789,58171],{"class":64},[58,90791,69],{"class":68},[58,90793,1079],{"class":81},[58,90795,1082],{"class":68},[58,90797,2725],{"class":81},[58,90799,1082],{"class":68},[58,90801,293],{"class":77},[58,90803,1079],{"class":81},[58,90805,1002],{"class":68},[16,90807,132],{},[49,90809,90810],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90811,90812],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90813,90814],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90815,36461],{"class":68},[16,90817,90818],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[617,90820,23771,90822],{"id":90821},"trying-to-use-step-0",[20,90823,90824],{},"step = 0",[16,90826,75743],{},[49,90828,90830],{"className":51,"code":90829,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[20,90831,90832],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90833,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90835,58171],{"class":64},[58,90837,69],{"class":68},[58,90839,1079],{"class":81},[58,90841,1082],{"class":68},[58,90843,4131],{"class":81},[58,90845,1082],{"class":68},[58,90847,1947],{"class":81},[58,90849,243],{"class":68},[16,90851,90852],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[617,90854,2825,90856,90858],{"id":90855},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[20,90857,34360],{}," is not a list",[16,90860,90861],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[49,90863,90865],{"className":51,"code":90864,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(range(5))\n",[20,90866,90867],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90868,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90870,65],{"class":64},[58,90872,69],{"class":68},[58,90874,58171],{"class":64},[58,90876,69],{"class":68},[58,90878,200],{"class":81},[58,90880,85],{"class":68},[16,90882,132],{},[49,90884,90886],{"className":51,"code":90885,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(0, 5)\n",[20,90887,90888],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90889,90890,90892,90894,90896,90898,90900],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90891,58171],{"class":64},[58,90893,69],{"class":68},[58,90895,183],{"class":81},[58,90897,1082],{"class":68},[58,90899,2725],{"class":81},[58,90901,243],{"class":68},[16,90903,90904],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[49,90906,90907],{"className":51,"code":89221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90908,90909],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90910,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90912,65],{"class":64},[58,90914,69],{"class":68},[58,90916,6227],{"class":991},[58,90918,69],{"class":68},[58,90920,58171],{"class":64},[58,90922,69],{"class":68},[58,90924,200],{"class":81},[58,90926,1002],{"class":68},[16,90928,132],{},[49,90930,90931],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,90932,90933],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90934,90935,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953,90955],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90936,2016],{"class":68},[58,90938,183],{"class":81},[58,90940,1082],{"class":68},[58,90942,3623],{"class":81},[58,90944,1082],{"class":68},[58,90946,1085],{"class":81},[58,90948,1082],{"class":68},[58,90950,531],{"class":81},[58,90952,1082],{"class":68},[58,90954,537],{"class":81},[58,90956,1743],{"class":68},[44,90958,90960],{"id":90959},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[16,90962,7012,90963,80514],{},[20,90964,34360],{},[49,90966,90968],{"className":51,"code":90967,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[20,90969,90970,90984,91002,91024,91052],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,90971,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,90973,65],{"class":64},[58,90975,69],{"class":68},[58,90977,58171],{"class":64},[58,90979,69],{"class":68},[58,90981,200],{"class":81},[58,90983,85],{"class":68},[58,90985,90986,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996,90998,91000],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,90987,65],{"class":64},[58,90989,69],{"class":68},[58,90991,6227],{"class":991},[58,90993,69],{"class":68},[58,90995,58171],{"class":64},[58,90997,69],{"class":68},[58,90999,200],{"class":81},[58,91001,1002],{"class":68},[58,91003,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,91005,65],{"class":64},[58,91007,69],{"class":68},[58,91009,6227],{"class":991},[58,91011,69],{"class":68},[58,91013,58171],{"class":64},[58,91015,69],{"class":68},[58,91017,117],{"class":81},[58,91019,1082],{"class":68},[58,91021,4487],{"class":81},[58,91023,1002],{"class":68},[58,91025,91026,91028,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,91027,65],{"class":64},[58,91029,69],{"class":68},[58,91031,6227],{"class":991},[58,91033,69],{"class":68},[58,91035,58171],{"class":64},[58,91037,69],{"class":68},[58,91039,408],{"class":81},[58,91041,1082],{"class":68},[58,91043,1947],{"class":81},[58,91045,1082],{"class":68},[58,91047,293],{"class":77},[58,91049,117],{"class":81},[58,91051,1002],{"class":68},[58,91053,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,91055,65],{"class":64},[58,91057,69],{"class":68},[58,91059,1316],{"class":991},[58,91061,69],{"class":68},[58,91063,58171],{"class":64},[58,91065,69],{"class":68},[58,91067,200],{"class":81},[58,91069,1002],{"class":68},[16,91071,24163],{},[28,91073,91074,91077,91080],{},[31,91075,91076],{},"what values are being created",[31,91078,91079],{},"whether the direction is correct",[31,91081,91082,91083,22771],{},"whether you are working with a ",[20,91084,58171],{},[44,91086,1555],{"id":1554},[617,91088,10849,91090,91092],{"id":91089},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[20,91091,34360],{}," include the last number?",[16,91094,91095],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[617,91097,3281,91099,91101,91102,573],{"id":91098},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[20,91100,89028],{}," start at ",[20,91103,183],{},[16,91105,91106,91107,499],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[20,91108,183],{},[617,91110,3293,91112,91114],{"id":91111},"can-range-count-backward",[20,91113,34360],{}," count backward?",[16,91116,91117,91118,499],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[20,91119,91120],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[617,91122,13051,91124,24198],{"id":91123},"is-range-a-list",[20,91125,34360],{},[16,91127,24201,91128,91130,91131,22092],{},[20,91129,58171],{}," object. Use ",[20,91132,91133],{},"list(range(...))",[617,91135,3281,91137,46853],{"id":91136},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[20,91138,91139],{},"range(input())",[16,91141,91142,1585,91144,499],{},[20,91143,1048],{},[20,91145,91146],{},"int(input())",[44,91148,1603],{"id":1602},[28,91150,91151,91155,91161,91167,91173],{},[31,91152,91153],{},[374,91154,34190],{"href":34189},[31,91156,91157],{},[374,91158,1681,91159,1612],{"href":40524},[20,91160,40527],{},[31,91162,91163],{},[374,91164,1681,91165,1612],{"href":90197},[20,91166,33910],{},[31,91168,91169],{},[374,91170,35682,91171,34771],{"href":34767},[20,91172,33910],{},[31,91174,91175],{},[374,91176,48693,91177],{"href":48692},[20,91178,48696],{},[1635,91180,91181],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":91183},[91184,91185,91187,91193,91201,91208,91210,91222,91223,91235],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":89037,"depth":88,"text":91186},"What range() does",{"id":89130,"depth":88,"text":91188,"children":91189},"range() syntax",[91190,91191,91192],{"id":89210,"depth":104,"text":89213},{"id":89274,"depth":104,"text":89277},{"id":89342,"depth":104,"text":89345},{"id":89413,"depth":88,"text":89414,"children":91194},[91195,91196,91197,91198,91199],{"id":89420,"depth":104,"text":89028},{"id":89483,"depth":104,"text":89486},{"id":89547,"depth":104,"text":89550},{"id":89623,"depth":104,"text":89624},{"id":74987,"depth":104,"text":91200},"step cannot be 0",{"id":89782,"depth":88,"text":91202,"children":91203},"Using range() in a for loop",[91204,91205,91206],{"id":89884,"depth":104,"text":89885},{"id":89929,"depth":104,"text":89930},{"id":90009,"depth":104,"text":91207},"range() and indexing",{"id":90284,"depth":88,"text":91209},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":91211},[91212,91213,91215,91216,91218,91220],{"id":90467,"depth":104,"text":90468},{"id":90563,"depth":104,"text":91214},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":90629,"depth":104,"text":90630},{"id":90764,"depth":104,"text":91217},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":90821,"depth":104,"text":91219},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":90855,"depth":104,"text":91221},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":90959,"depth":88,"text":90960},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":91224},[91225,91227,91229,91231,91233],{"id":91089,"depth":104,"text":91226},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":91098,"depth":104,"text":91228},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":91111,"depth":104,"text":91230},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":91123,"depth":104,"text":91232},"Is range() a list?",{"id":91136,"depth":104,"text":91234},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":88931,"description":91236},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":91243,"title":91244,"body":91245,"description":92918,"extension":1667,"meta":92919,"navigation":318,"path":92920,"seo":92921,"stem":92922,"__hash__":92923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":9,"value":91246,"toc":92891},[91247,91256,91263,91280,91296,91298,91347,91355,91359,91362,91382,91384,91448,91450,91493,91496,91542,91544,91577,91587,91593,91601,91618,91620,91651,91653,91678,91683,91694,91697,91767,91769,91800,91805,91810,91827,91829,91880,91882,91915,91918,91925,91930,91934,91950,91952,91996,91998,92044,92047,92060,92065,92069,92083,92085,92136,92138,92171,92176,92178,92185,92187,92210,92212,92277,92279,92296,92299,92332,92334,92362,92372,92379,92383,92386,92404,92407,92435,92438,92456,92461,92467,92470,92492,92494,92522,92524,92527,92552,92555,92668,92670,92749,92751,92757,92762,92770,92778,92782,92785,92787,92820,92822,92830,92836,92843,92850,92853,92855,92888],[12,91248,1681,91250,8725,91252,91255],{"id":91249},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[20,91251,34360],{},[20,91253,91254],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[16,91257,91258,2512,91260,91262],{},[20,91259,34360],{},[20,91261,91254],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[28,91264,91265,91273],{},[31,91266,91267,91269,91270],{},[20,91268,34360],{}," creates a ",[1855,91271,91272],{},"range object",[31,91274,91275,91269,91277],{},[20,91276,91254],{},[1855,91278,91279],{},"real list",[16,91281,91282,91283,91285,91286,91289,91290,91292,91293,91295],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[20,91284,89028],{}," to behave exactly like ",[20,91287,91288],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[20,91291,34360],{}," for looping, and only use ",[20,91294,91254],{}," when you actually need a list.",[44,91297,1715],{"id":1714},[49,91299,91301],{"className":51,"code":91300,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,91302,91303,91317,91330],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91304,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91306,1725],{"class":286},[58,91308,290],{"class":77},[58,91310,52241],{"class":64},[58,91312,69],{"class":68},[58,91314,200],{"class":81},[58,91316,243],{"class":68},[58,91318,91319,91321,91323,91325,91327],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91320,65],{"class":64},[58,91322,69],{"class":68},[58,91324,1757],{"class":239},[58,91326,1770],{"class":68},[58,91328,91329],{"class":1773},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[58,91331,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,91333,65],{"class":64},[58,91335,69],{"class":68},[58,91337,6227],{"class":991},[58,91339,69],{"class":68},[58,91341,1757],{"class":239},[58,91343,3486],{"class":68},[58,91345,91346],{"class":1773},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[16,91348,155,91349,91351,91352,91354],{},[20,91350,34360],{}," for looping. Use ",[20,91353,91254],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[44,91356,91358],{"id":91357},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[16,91360,91361],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[28,91363,91364,91371,91376,91379],{},[31,91365,91366,20128,91368,91370],{},[20,91367,34360],{},[1855,91369,91272],{},", not a list",[31,91372,91373,91375],{},[20,91374,91254],{}," converts that range object into a list",[31,91377,91378],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[31,91380,91381],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[16,91383,276],{},[49,91385,91387],{"className":51,"code":91386,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[20,91388,91389,91404,91423,91427,91437],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91390,91391,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91392,91393],{"class":286},"r ",[58,91395,290],{"class":77},[58,91397,52241],{"class":64},[58,91399,69],{"class":68},[58,91401,200],{"class":81},[58,91403,243],{"class":68},[58,91405,91406,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91407,91408],{"class":286},"lst ",[58,91410,290],{"class":77},[58,91412,20713],{"class":991},[58,91414,69],{"class":68},[58,91416,58171],{"class":64},[58,91418,69],{"class":68},[58,91420,200],{"class":81},[58,91422,85],{"class":68},[58,91424,91425],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,91426,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,91428,91429,91431,91433,91435],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,91430,65],{"class":64},[58,91432,69],{"class":68},[58,91434,58678],{"class":239},[58,91436,243],{"class":68},[58,91438,91439,91441,91443,91446],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,91440,65],{"class":64},[58,91442,69],{"class":68},[58,91444,91445],{"class":239},"lst",[58,91447,243],{"class":68},[16,91449,132],{},[49,91451,91453],{"className":51,"code":91452,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,91454,91455,91469],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91458,58171],{"class":64},[58,91460,69],{"class":68},[58,91462,183],{"class":81},[58,91464,1082],{"class":68},[58,91466,2725],{"class":81},[58,91468,243],{"class":68},[58,91470,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91472,2016],{"class":68},[58,91474,183],{"class":81},[58,91476,1082],{"class":68},[58,91478,3623],{"class":81},[58,91480,1082],{"class":68},[58,91482,1085],{"class":81},[58,91484,1082],{"class":68},[58,91486,531],{"class":81},[58,91488,1082],{"class":68},[58,91490,537],{"class":81},[58,91492,1743],{"class":68},[16,91494,91495],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[49,91497,91499],{"className":51,"code":91498,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[20,91500,91501,91519],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91502,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91504,65],{"class":64},[58,91506,69],{"class":68},[58,91508,1316],{"class":991},[58,91510,69],{"class":68},[58,91512,58171],{"class":64},[58,91514,69],{"class":68},[58,91516,200],{"class":81},[58,91518,1002],{"class":68},[58,91520,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91522,65],{"class":64},[58,91524,69],{"class":68},[58,91526,1316],{"class":991},[58,91528,69],{"class":68},[58,91530,6227],{"class":991},[58,91532,69],{"class":68},[58,91534,58171],{"class":64},[58,91536,69],{"class":68},[58,91538,200],{"class":81},[58,91540,91541],{"class":68},"))))\n",[16,91543,132],{},[49,91545,91547],{"className":51,"code":91546,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[20,91548,91549,91563],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91550,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91552,1385],{"class":77},[58,91554,1388],{"class":126},[58,91556,1391],{"class":939},[58,91558,58171],{"class":943},[58,91560,1396],{"class":939},[58,91562,1399],{"class":77},[58,91564,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91566,1385],{"class":77},[58,91568,1388],{"class":126},[58,91570,1391],{"class":939},[58,91572,6227],{"class":943},[58,91574,1396],{"class":939},[58,91576,1399],{"class":77},[16,91578,91579,91580,91582,91583,499],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[20,91581,34360],{}," works, see ",[374,91584,1681,91585,1612],{"href":91238},[20,91586,34360],{},[44,91588,1788,91590,91592],{"id":91589},"what-range-gives-you",[20,91591,34360],{}," gives you",[16,91594,91595,91597,91598,91600],{},[20,91596,34360],{}," is most often used in ",[20,91599,4084],{}," loops.",[28,91602,91603,91606,91609,91612],{},[31,91604,91605],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[31,91607,91608],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[31,91610,91611],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[31,91613,91614,91615],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[20,91616,91617],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[16,91619,276],{},[49,91621,91623],{"className":51,"code":91622,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[20,91624,91625,91641],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91626,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91628,4084],{"class":1991},[58,91630,67722],{"class":286},[58,91632,1998],{"class":1991},[58,91634,52241],{"class":64},[58,91636,69],{"class":68},[58,91638,200],{"class":81},[58,91640,6476],{"class":68},[58,91642,91643,91645,91647,91649],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91644,6202],{"class":64},[58,91646,69],{"class":68},[58,91648,34316],{"class":239},[58,91650,243],{"class":68},[16,91652,132],{},[49,91654,91656],{"className":51,"code":91655,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[20,91657,91658,91662,91666,91670,91674],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91659,91660],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91661,45420],{"class":81},[58,91663,91664],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91665,45085],{"class":81},[58,91667,91668],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,91669,15206],{"class":81},[58,91671,91672],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,91673,44785],{"class":81},[58,91675,91676],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,91677,46819],{"class":81},[16,91679,18923,91680,91682],{},[20,91681,89028],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[16,91684,91685,91686,91688,91689,499],{},"This is one reason ",[20,91687,34360],{}," is so common with ",[374,91690,1681,91692,89059],{"href":91691},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[20,91693,4084],{},[16,91695,91696],{},"You can also inspect it:",[49,91698,91700],{"className":51,"code":91699,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[20,91701,91702,91724,91728,91738,91752],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91703,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91705,91393],{"class":286},[58,91707,290],{"class":77},[58,91709,52241],{"class":64},[58,91711,69],{"class":68},[58,91713,117],{"class":81},[58,91715,1082],{"class":68},[58,91717,4131],{"class":81},[58,91719,1082],{"class":68},[58,91721,1085],{"class":81},[58,91723,243],{"class":68},[58,91725,91726],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91727,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,91729,91730,91732,91734,91736],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,91731,65],{"class":64},[58,91733,69],{"class":68},[58,91735,58678],{"class":239},[58,91737,243],{"class":68},[58,91739,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,91741,65],{"class":64},[58,91743,69],{"class":68},[58,91745,9303],{"class":64},[58,91747,69],{"class":68},[58,91749,58678],{"class":239},[58,91751,85],{"class":68},[58,91753,91754,91756,91758,91760,91762,91765],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,91755,65],{"class":64},[58,91757,69],{"class":68},[58,91759,78768],{"class":81},[58,91761,19326],{"class":1991},[58,91763,91764],{"class":239}," r",[58,91766,243],{"class":68},[16,91768,132],{},[49,91770,91772],{"className":51,"code":91771,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[20,91773,91774,91792,91796],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91775,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91777,58171],{"class":64},[58,91779,69],{"class":68},[58,91781,117],{"class":81},[58,91783,1082],{"class":68},[58,91785,4131],{"class":81},[58,91787,1082],{"class":68},[58,91789,1085],{"class":81},[58,91791,243],{"class":68},[58,91793,91794],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91795,46819],{"class":81},[58,91797,91798],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,91799,2096],{"class":1966},[44,91801,1788,91803,91592],{"id":91802},"what-listrange-gives-you",[20,91804,91254],{},[16,91806,91807,91809],{},[20,91808,91254],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[28,91811,91812,91815,91818,91821],{},[31,91813,91814],{},"It creates all values at once",[31,91816,91817],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[31,91819,91820],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[31,91822,91823,91824,91826],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[20,91825,34360],{}," for very large sequences",[16,91828,276],{},[49,91830,91832],{"className":51,"code":91831,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[20,91833,91834,91852,91856,91866],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91835,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91837,1725],{"class":286},[58,91839,290],{"class":77},[58,91841,20713],{"class":991},[58,91843,69],{"class":68},[58,91845,58171],{"class":64},[58,91847,69],{"class":68},[58,91849,200],{"class":81},[58,91851,85],{"class":68},[58,91853,91854],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91855,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,91857,91858,91860,91862,91864],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,91859,65],{"class":64},[58,91861,69],{"class":68},[58,91863,1757],{"class":239},[58,91865,243],{"class":68},[58,91867,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,91869,65],{"class":64},[58,91871,69],{"class":68},[58,91873,1757],{"class":239},[58,91875,2016],{"class":68},[58,91877,117],{"class":81},[58,91879,2004],{"class":68},[16,91881,132],{},[49,91883,91885],{"className":51,"code":91884,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[20,91886,91887,91911],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91888,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91890,2016],{"class":68},[58,91892,183],{"class":81},[58,91894,1082],{"class":68},[58,91896,3623],{"class":81},[58,91898,1082],{"class":68},[58,91900,1085],{"class":81},[58,91902,1082],{"class":68},[58,91904,531],{"class":81},[58,91906,1082],{"class":68},[58,91908,537],{"class":81},[58,91910,1743],{"class":68},[58,91912,91913],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91914,15206],{"class":81},[16,91916,91917],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[16,91919,91920,91921,499],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[374,91922,1681,91923,1612],{"href":63021},[20,91924,22935],{},[44,91926,3083,91928],{"id":91927},"when-to-use-range",[20,91929,34360],{},[16,91931,155,91932,8741],{},[20,91933,34360],{},[28,91935,91936,91941,91944,91947],{},[31,91937,91938,91939,89788],{},"You are writing a ",[20,91940,4084],{},[31,91942,91943],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[31,91945,91946],{},"You are working with large sequences",[31,91948,91949],{},"You do not need a real list",[16,91951,276],{},[49,91953,91955],{"className":51,"code":91954,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[20,91956,91957,91977],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,91958,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,91960,4084],{"class":1991},[58,91962,67722],{"class":286},[58,91964,1998],{"class":1991},[58,91966,52241],{"class":64},[58,91968,69],{"class":68},[58,91970,1079],{"class":81},[58,91972,1082],{"class":68},[58,91974,35807],{"class":81},[58,91976,6476],{"class":68},[58,91978,91979,91981,91983,91985,91988,91990,91992,91994],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,91980,6202],{"class":64},[58,91982,69],{"class":68},[58,91984,940],{"class":939},[58,91986,91987],{"class":943},"Count:",[58,91989,940],{"class":939},[58,91991,1082],{"class":68},[58,91993,34291],{"class":239},[58,91995,243],{"class":68},[16,91997,132],{},[49,91999,92001],{"className":51,"code":92000,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[20,92002,92003,92012,92020,92028,92036],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92004,92005,92008,92010],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92006,92007],{"class":286},"Count",[58,92009,973],{"class":68},[58,92011,27771],{"class":81},[58,92013,92014,92016,92018],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92015,92007],{"class":286},[58,92017,973],{"class":68},[58,92019,43757],{"class":81},[58,92021,92022,92024,92026],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,92023,92007],{"class":286},[58,92025,973],{"class":68},[58,92027,660],{"class":81},[58,92029,92030,92032,92034],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,92031,92007],{"class":286},[58,92033,973],{"class":68},[58,92035,21817],{"class":81},[58,92037,92038,92040,92042],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,92039,92007],{"class":286},[58,92041,973],{"class":68},[58,92043,33002],{"class":81},[16,92045,92046],{},"This is the most common use.",[16,92048,92049,92050,92052,92053,60461,92055,499],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[20,92051,33910],{}," is often a better choice than ",[20,92054,34761],{},[374,92056,34768,92058,34771],{"href":92057},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[20,92059,33910],{},[44,92061,3083,92063],{"id":92062},"when-to-use-listrange",[20,92064,91254],{},[16,92066,155,92067,8741],{},[20,92068,91254],{},[28,92070,92071,92074,92077,92080],{},[31,92072,92073],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[31,92075,92076],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[31,92078,92079],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[31,92081,92082],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[16,92084,276],{},[49,92086,92088],{"className":51,"code":92087,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,92089,92090,92108,92122,92126],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92091,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92093,1725],{"class":286},[58,92095,290],{"class":77},[58,92097,20713],{"class":991},[58,92099,69],{"class":68},[58,92101,58171],{"class":64},[58,92103,69],{"class":68},[58,92105,200],{"class":81},[58,92107,85],{"class":68},[58,92109,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92111,1757],{"class":286},[58,92113,499],{"class":68},[58,92115,11700],{"class":239},[58,92117,69],{"class":68},[58,92119,200],{"class":81},[58,92121,243],{"class":68},[58,92123,92124],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,92125,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,92127,92128,92130,92132,92134],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,92129,65],{"class":64},[58,92131,69],{"class":68},[58,92133,1757],{"class":239},[58,92135,243],{"class":68},[16,92137,132],{},[49,92139,92141],{"className":51,"code":92140,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[20,92142,92143],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92144,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92146,2016],{"class":68},[58,92148,183],{"class":81},[58,92150,1082],{"class":68},[58,92152,3623],{"class":81},[58,92154,1082],{"class":68},[58,92156,1085],{"class":81},[58,92158,1082],{"class":68},[58,92160,531],{"class":81},[58,92162,1082],{"class":68},[58,92164,537],{"class":81},[58,92166,1082],{"class":68},[58,92168,2725],{"class":81},[58,92170,1743],{"class":68},[16,92172,4187,92173,92175],{},[20,92174,1757],{}," is a list.",[44,92177,13745],{"id":13744},[16,92179,92180,92182,92183,499],{},[20,92181,34360],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[1855,92184,35761],{},[16,92186,170],{},[28,92188,92189,92191,92196,92201,92204],{},[31,92190,20138],{},[31,92192,92193,92194],{},"You can check its length with ",[20,92195,40527],{},[31,92197,92198,92199],{},"You can test membership with ",[20,92200,1998],{},[31,92202,92203],{},"You can index it",[31,92205,92206,92207,92209],{},"But list methods such as ",[20,92208,50823],{}," do not work on it",[16,92211,276],{},[49,92213,92215],{"className":51,"code":92214,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[20,92216,92217,92231,92235,92249,92263],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92218,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92220,91393],{"class":286},[58,92222,290],{"class":77},[58,92224,52241],{"class":64},[58,92226,69],{"class":68},[58,92228,200],{"class":81},[58,92230,243],{"class":68},[58,92232,92233],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92234,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,92236,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,92238,65],{"class":64},[58,92240,69],{"class":68},[58,92242,58678],{"class":239},[58,92244,2016],{"class":68},[58,92246,117],{"class":81},[58,92248,2004],{"class":68},[58,92250,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259,92261],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,92252,65],{"class":64},[58,92254,69],{"class":68},[58,92256,9303],{"class":64},[58,92258,69],{"class":68},[58,92260,58678],{"class":239},[58,92262,85],{"class":68},[58,92264,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,92266,65],{"class":64},[58,92268,69],{"class":68},[58,92270,123],{"class":81},[58,92272,19326],{"class":1991},[58,92274,91764],{"class":239},[58,92276,243],{"class":68},[16,92278,132],{},[49,92280,92282],{"className":51,"code":92281,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[20,92283,92284,92288,92292],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92285,92286],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92287,15206],{"class":81},[58,92289,92290],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92291,1037],{"class":81},[58,92293,92294],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,92295,2096],{"class":1966},[16,92297,92298],{},"Now compare that with this:",[49,92300,92302],{"className":51,"code":92301,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[20,92303,92304,92318],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92305,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92307,91393],{"class":286},[58,92309,290],{"class":77},[58,92311,52241],{"class":64},[58,92313,69],{"class":68},[58,92315,200],{"class":81},[58,92317,243],{"class":68},[58,92319,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92321,58678],{"class":286},[58,92323,499],{"class":68},[58,92325,11700],{"class":239},[58,92327,69],{"class":68},[58,92329,200],{"class":81},[58,92331,243],{"class":68},[16,92333,132],{},[49,92335,92337],{"className":51,"code":92336,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[20,92338,92339],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92340,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92356,92358,92360],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92342,23826],{"class":991},[58,92344,973],{"class":68},[58,92346,1391],{"class":939},[58,92348,58171],{"class":943},[58,92350,1396],{"class":939},[58,92352,22771],{"class":991},[58,92354,92355],{"class":286}," has no attribute ",[58,92357,1396],{"class":939},[58,92359,11700],{"class":943},[58,92361,27856],{"class":939},[16,92363,92364,92365,257,92367,261,92369,92371],{},"If you need methods like ",[20,92366,50823],{},[20,92368,53700],{},[20,92370,62485],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[16,92373,92374,92375,499],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[374,92376,23834,92377],{"href":33580},[20,92378,32414],{},[44,92380,92382],{"id":92381},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[16,92384,92385],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[49,92387,92388],{"className":51,"code":90864,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,92389,92390],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92391,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92393,65],{"class":64},[58,92395,69],{"class":68},[58,92397,58171],{"class":64},[58,92399,69],{"class":68},[58,92401,200],{"class":81},[58,92403,85],{"class":68},[16,92405,92406],{},"to show:",[49,92408,92409],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,92410,92411],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92412,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92414,2016],{"class":68},[58,92416,183],{"class":81},[58,92418,1082],{"class":68},[58,92420,3623],{"class":81},[58,92422,1082],{"class":68},[58,92424,1085],{"class":81},[58,92426,1082],{"class":68},[58,92428,531],{"class":81},[58,92430,1082],{"class":68},[58,92432,537],{"class":81},[58,92434,1743],{"class":68},[16,92436,92437],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[49,92439,92440],{"className":51,"code":90885,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,92441,92442],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92443,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92445,58171],{"class":64},[58,92447,69],{"class":68},[58,92449,183],{"class":81},[58,92451,1082],{"class":68},[58,92453,2725],{"class":81},[58,92455,243],{"class":68},[16,92457,2748,92458,92460],{},[1855,92459,2751],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[16,92462,92463,92464,92466],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[1855,92465,91272],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[16,92468,92469],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[49,92471,92472],{"className":51,"code":89221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,92473,92474],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92475,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92477,65],{"class":64},[58,92479,69],{"class":68},[58,92481,6227],{"class":991},[58,92483,69],{"class":68},[58,92485,58171],{"class":64},[58,92487,69],{"class":68},[58,92489,200],{"class":81},[58,92491,1002],{"class":68},[16,92493,132],{},[49,92495,92496],{"className":51,"code":58194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,92497,92498],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92499,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92501,2016],{"class":68},[58,92503,183],{"class":81},[58,92505,1082],{"class":68},[58,92507,3623],{"class":81},[58,92509,1082],{"class":68},[58,92511,1085],{"class":81},[58,92513,1082],{"class":68},[58,92515,531],{"class":81},[58,92517,1082],{"class":68},[58,92519,537],{"class":81},[58,92521,1743],{"class":68},[44,92523,914],{"id":913},[16,92525,92526],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[28,92528,92529,92535,92538,92544],{},[31,92530,6552,92531,92534],{},[20,92532,92533],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[31,92536,92537],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[31,92539,92540,92541,92543],{},"Not realizing that ",[20,92542,34360],{}," is iterable but not a list",[31,92545,6552,92546,92548,92549,92551],{},[20,92547,91254],{}," when plain ",[20,92550,34360],{}," would be simpler",[16,92553,92554],{},"These quick checks can help:",[49,92556,92558],{"className":51,"code":92557,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[20,92559,92560,92574,92592,92610,92632,92650],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92561,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570,92572],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92563,65],{"class":64},[58,92565,69],{"class":68},[58,92567,58171],{"class":64},[58,92569,69],{"class":68},[58,92571,200],{"class":81},[58,92573,85],{"class":68},[58,92575,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92577,65],{"class":64},[58,92579,69],{"class":68},[58,92581,6227],{"class":991},[58,92583,69],{"class":68},[58,92585,58171],{"class":64},[58,92587,69],{"class":68},[58,92589,200],{"class":81},[58,92591,1002],{"class":68},[58,92593,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,92595,65],{"class":64},[58,92597,69],{"class":68},[58,92599,1316],{"class":991},[58,92601,69],{"class":68},[58,92603,58171],{"class":64},[58,92605,69],{"class":68},[58,92607,200],{"class":81},[58,92609,1002],{"class":68},[58,92611,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,92613,65],{"class":64},[58,92615,69],{"class":68},[58,92617,1316],{"class":991},[58,92619,69],{"class":68},[58,92621,6227],{"class":991},[58,92623,69],{"class":68},[58,92625,58171],{"class":64},[58,92627,69],{"class":68},[58,92629,200],{"class":81},[58,92631,91541],{"class":68},[58,92633,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,92635,65],{"class":64},[58,92637,69],{"class":68},[58,92639,123],{"class":81},[58,92641,19326],{"class":1991},[58,92643,52241],{"class":64},[58,92645,69],{"class":68},[58,92647,200],{"class":81},[58,92649,85],{"class":68},[58,92651,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,92653,65],{"class":64},[58,92655,69],{"class":68},[58,92657,9303],{"class":64},[58,92659,69],{"class":68},[58,92661,58171],{"class":64},[58,92663,69],{"class":68},[58,92665,200],{"class":81},[58,92667,1002],{"class":68},[16,92669,132],{},[49,92671,92673],{"className":51,"code":92672,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[20,92674,92675,92689,92713,92727,92741,92745],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92676,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92678,58171],{"class":64},[58,92680,69],{"class":68},[58,92682,183],{"class":81},[58,92684,1082],{"class":68},[58,92686,2725],{"class":81},[58,92688,243],{"class":68},[58,92690,92691,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92692,2016],{"class":68},[58,92694,183],{"class":81},[58,92696,1082],{"class":68},[58,92698,3623],{"class":81},[58,92700,1082],{"class":68},[58,92702,1085],{"class":81},[58,92704,1082],{"class":68},[58,92706,531],{"class":81},[58,92708,1082],{"class":68},[58,92710,537],{"class":81},[58,92712,1743],{"class":68},[58,92714,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,92716,1385],{"class":77},[58,92718,1388],{"class":126},[58,92720,1391],{"class":939},[58,92722,58171],{"class":943},[58,92724,1396],{"class":939},[58,92726,1399],{"class":77},[58,92728,92729,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,92730,1385],{"class":77},[58,92732,1388],{"class":126},[58,92734,1391],{"class":939},[58,92736,6227],{"class":943},[58,92738,1396],{"class":939},[58,92740,1399],{"class":77},[58,92742,92743],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,92744,2096],{"class":1966},[58,92746,92747],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,92748,1037],{"class":81},[44,92750,1555],{"id":1554},[617,92752,13051,92754,92756],{"id":92753},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[20,92755,34360],{}," a list in Python?",[16,92758,44533,92759,92761],{},[20,92760,34360],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[617,92763,92765,92766,9233,92768,573],{"id":92764},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[20,92767,34360],{},[20,92769,91254],{},[16,92771,92772,92774,92775,92777],{},[20,92773,34360],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[20,92776,91254],{}," creates a full list.",[617,92779,92781],{"id":92780},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[16,92783,92784],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[16,92786,276],{},[49,92788,92790],{"className":51,"code":92789,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[20,92791,92792,92806],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92793,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92795,91393],{"class":286},[58,92797,290],{"class":77},[58,92799,52241],{"class":64},[58,92801,69],{"class":68},[58,92803,200],{"class":81},[58,92805,243],{"class":68},[58,92807,92808,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92809,65],{"class":64},[58,92811,69],{"class":68},[58,92813,58678],{"class":239},[58,92815,2016],{"class":68},[58,92817,1079],{"class":81},[58,92819,2004],{"class":68},[16,92821,132],{},[49,92823,92824],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,92825,92826],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92827,92828],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92829,45085],{"class":81},[617,92831,3281,92833,92835],{"id":92832},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[20,92834,92533],{}," not show all numbers?",[16,92837,92838,92839,92842],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[20,92840,92841],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[617,92844,92846,92847,92849],{"id":92845},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[20,92848,34360],{}," to a list?",[16,92851,92852],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[44,92854,1603],{"id":1602},[28,92856,92857,92863,92869,92876,92882],{},[31,92858,92859],{},[374,92860,1681,92861,1612],{"href":91238},[20,92862,34360],{},[31,92864,92865],{},[374,92866,1681,92867,1612],{"href":63021},[20,92868,22935],{},[31,92870,92871],{},[374,92872,1681,92873,92875],{"href":91691},[20,92874,4084],{}," loops explained",[31,92877,92878],{},[374,92879,35682,92880,34771],{"href":92057},[20,92881,33910],{},[31,92883,92884],{},[374,92885,24277,92886],{"href":33580},[20,92887,32414],{},[1635,92889,92890],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":92892},[92893,92894,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92904,92905,92906,92917],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":91357,"depth":88,"text":91358},{"id":91589,"depth":88,"text":92896},"What range() gives you",{"id":91802,"depth":88,"text":92898},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":91927,"depth":88,"text":92900},"When to use range()",{"id":92062,"depth":88,"text":92902},"When to use list(range())",{"id":13744,"depth":88,"text":13745},{"id":92381,"depth":88,"text":92382},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":92907},[92908,92910,92912,92913,92915],{"id":92753,"depth":104,"text":92909},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":92764,"depth":104,"text":92911},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":92780,"depth":104,"text":92781},{"id":92832,"depth":104,"text":92914},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":92845,"depth":104,"text":92916},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":91244,"description":92918},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":92925,"title":92926,"body":92927,"description":94363,"extension":1667,"meta":94364,"navigation":318,"path":94365,"seo":94366,"stem":94367,"__hash__":94368},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":92928,"toc":94329},[92929,92935,92940,92943,92957,92960,92962,93001,93003,93016,93024,93029,93045,93048,93050,93052,93073,93090,93093,93152,93154,93173,93178,93184,93187,93221,93223,93236,93239,93284,93286,93309,93316,93322,93325,93366,93368,93382,93385,93443,93445,93460,93473,93479,93485,93550,93552,93571,93573,93591,93594,93598,93604,93606,93639,93641,93654,93664,93667,93728,93730,93751,93754,93756,93772,93777,93781,93786,93791,93847,93849,93867,93870,93915,93917,93925,93930,93934,93948,93950,93982,93984,93993,93995,93999,94008,94011,94043,94045,94057,94060,94064,94069,94110,94112,94120,94123,94146,94150,94152,94161,94164,94217,94219,94228,94232,94237,94248,94250,94259,94262,94268,94271,94277,94287,94295,94302,94304,94326],[12,92930,1681,92932,1685],{"id":92931},"python-round-function-explained",[20,92933,92934],{},"round()",[16,92936,7260,92937,92939],{},[20,92938,92934],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[16,92941,92942],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[28,92944,92945,92951],{},[31,92946,92947,92950],{},[20,92948,92949],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[31,92952,92953,92956],{},[20,92954,92955],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[16,92958,92959],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[44,92961,47],{"id":46},[49,92963,92965],{"className":51,"code":92964,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[20,92966,92967,92983],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,92968,92969,92971,92973,92976,92978,92981],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,92970,65],{"class":64},[58,92972,69],{"class":68},[58,92974,92975],{"class":64},"round",[58,92977,69],{"class":68},[58,92979,92980],{"class":81},"3.14159",[58,92982,85],{"class":68},[58,92984,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,92986,65],{"class":64},[58,92988,69],{"class":68},[58,92990,92975],{"class":64},[58,92992,69],{"class":68},[58,92994,92980],{"class":81},[58,92996,1082],{"class":68},[58,92998,1085],{"class":81},[58,93000,85],{"class":68},[16,93002,132],{},[49,93004,93006],{"className":51,"code":93005,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3\n3.14\n",[20,93007,93008,93012],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93009,93010],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93011,44785],{"class":81},[58,93013,93014],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93015,38342],{"class":81},[16,93017,155,93018,93020,93021,93023],{},[20,93019,92949],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[20,93022,92955],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[44,93025,1788,93027,1791],{"id":93026},"what-round-does",[20,93028,92934],{},[28,93030,93031,93036,93039,93042],{},[31,93032,93033,93035],{},[20,93034,92934],{}," is a built-in Python function",[31,93037,93038],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[31,93040,93041],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[31,93043,93044],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[16,93046,93047],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[44,93049,222],{"id":221},[16,93051,225],{},[49,93053,93055],{"className":51,"code":93054,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[20,93056,93057],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93058,93059,93061,93063,93065,93068,93071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93060,92975],{"class":64},[58,93062,69],{"class":68},[58,93064,311],{"class":239},[58,93066,93067],{"class":68},"[,",[58,93069,93070],{"class":239}," ndigits",[58,93072,2004],{"class":68},[28,93074,93075,93080,93085],{},[31,93076,93077,93079],{},[20,93078,311],{}," is the value to round",[31,93081,93082,18191],{},[20,93083,93084],{},"ndigits",[31,93086,93087,93089],{},[20,93088,93084],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[16,93091,93092],{},"Basic examples:",[49,93094,93096],{"className":51,"code":93095,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[20,93097,93098,93113,93131],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93099,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108,93111],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93101,65],{"class":64},[58,93103,69],{"class":68},[58,93105,92975],{"class":64},[58,93107,69],{"class":68},[58,93109,93110],{"class":81},"7.8",[58,93112,85],{"class":68},[58,93114,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93116,65],{"class":64},[58,93118,69],{"class":68},[58,93120,92975],{"class":64},[58,93122,69],{"class":68},[58,93124,93110],{"class":81},[58,93126,1082],{"class":68},[58,93128,3623],{"class":81},[58,93130,85],{"class":68},[58,93132,93133,93135,93137,93139,93141,93144,93146,93148,93150],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93134,65],{"class":64},[58,93136,69],{"class":68},[58,93138,92975],{"class":64},[58,93140,69],{"class":68},[58,93142,93143],{"class":81},"1234",[58,93145,1082],{"class":68},[58,93147,293],{"class":77},[58,93149,117],{"class":81},[58,93151,85],{"class":68},[16,93153,132],{},[49,93155,93157],{"className":51,"code":93156,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[20,93158,93159,93163,93168],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93160,93161],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93162,459],{"class":81},[58,93164,93165],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93166,93167],{"class":81},"7.8\n",[58,93169,93170],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93171,93172],{"class":81},"1200\n",[16,93174,93175,93176,499],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[374,93177,498],{"href":497},[44,93179,6552,93181,93183],{"id":93180},"using-round-with-one-argument",[20,93182,92934],{}," with one argument",[16,93185,93186],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[49,93188,93190],{"className":51,"code":93189,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[20,93191,93192,93206],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93193,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93195,65],{"class":64},[58,93197,69],{"class":68},[58,93199,92975],{"class":64},[58,93201,69],{"class":68},[58,93203,440],{"class":81},[58,93205,85],{"class":68},[58,93207,93208,93210,93212,93214,93216,93219],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93209,65],{"class":64},[58,93211,69],{"class":68},[58,93213,92975],{"class":64},[58,93215,69],{"class":68},[58,93217,93218],{"class":81},"4.8",[58,93220,85],{"class":68},[16,93222,132],{},[49,93224,93226],{"className":51,"code":93225,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"4\n5\n",[20,93227,93228,93232],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93229,93230],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93231,46819],{"class":81},[58,93233,93234],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93235,1037],{"class":81},[16,93237,93238],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[49,93240,93242],{"className":51,"code":93241,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,93243,93244,93260,93270],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93245,93246,93248,93250,93253,93255,93258],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93247,301],{"class":286},[58,93249,290],{"class":77},[58,93251,93252],{"class":64}," round",[58,93254,69],{"class":68},[58,93256,93257],{"class":81},"10.2",[58,93259,243],{"class":68},[58,93261,93262,93264,93266,93268],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93263,65],{"class":64},[58,93265,69],{"class":68},[58,93267,340],{"class":239},[58,93269,243],{"class":68},[58,93271,93272,93274,93276,93278,93280,93282],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93273,65],{"class":64},[58,93275,69],{"class":68},[58,93277,1316],{"class":991},[58,93279,69],{"class":68},[58,93281,340],{"class":239},[58,93283,85],{"class":68},[16,93285,132],{},[49,93287,93289],{"className":51,"code":93288,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[20,93290,93291,93295],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93292,93293],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93294,454],{"class":81},[58,93296,93297,93299,93301,93303,93305,93307],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93298,1385],{"class":77},[58,93300,1388],{"class":126},[58,93302,1391],{"class":939},[58,93304,256],{"class":943},[58,93306,1396],{"class":939},[58,93308,1399],{"class":77},[16,93310,93311,93312,499],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[374,93313,1681,93314,1612],{"href":962},[20,93315,965],{},[44,93317,6552,93319,93321],{"id":93318},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[20,93320,92934],{}," with decimal places",[16,93323,93324],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[49,93326,93328],{"className":51,"code":93327,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[20,93329,93330,93348],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93331,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93333,65],{"class":64},[58,93335,69],{"class":68},[58,93337,92975],{"class":64},[58,93339,69],{"class":68},[58,93341,92980],{"class":81},[58,93343,1082],{"class":68},[58,93345,1085],{"class":81},[58,93347,85],{"class":68},[58,93349,93350,93352,93354,93356,93358,93360,93362,93364],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93351,65],{"class":64},[58,93353,69],{"class":68},[58,93355,92975],{"class":64},[58,93357,69],{"class":68},[58,93359,92980],{"class":81},[58,93361,1082],{"class":68},[58,93363,531],{"class":81},[58,93365,85],{"class":68},[16,93367,132],{},[49,93369,93371],{"className":51,"code":93370,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3.14\n3.142\n",[20,93372,93373,93377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93374,93375],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93376,38342],{"class":81},[58,93378,93379],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93380,93381],{"class":81},"3.142\n",[16,93383,93384],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[49,93386,93388],{"className":51,"code":93387,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[20,93389,93390,93399,93418,93422,93432],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93391,93392,93394,93396],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93393,38552],{"class":286},[58,93395,290],{"class":77},[58,93397,93398],{"class":81}," 19.9876\n",[58,93400,93401,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93402,93403],{"class":286},"rounded_price ",[58,93405,290],{"class":77},[58,93407,93252],{"class":64},[58,93409,69],{"class":68},[58,93411,23304],{"class":239},[58,93413,1082],{"class":68},[58,93415,1085],{"class":81},[58,93417,243],{"class":68},[58,93419,93420],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93421,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,93423,93424,93426,93428,93430],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,93425,65],{"class":64},[58,93427,69],{"class":68},[58,93429,23304],{"class":239},[58,93431,243],{"class":68},[58,93433,93434,93436,93438,93441],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,93435,65],{"class":64},[58,93437,69],{"class":68},[58,93439,93440],{"class":239},"rounded_price",[58,93442,243],{"class":68},[16,93444,132],{},[49,93446,93448],{"className":51,"code":93447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[20,93449,93450,93455],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93451,93452],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93453,93454],{"class":81},"19.9876\n",[58,93456,93457],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93458,93459],{"class":81},"19.99\n",[16,93461,93462,93463,93466,93467,966,93469,499],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[20,93464,93465],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[374,93468,39057],{"href":39056},[374,93470,1681,93471,1612],{"href":969},[20,93472,972],{},[44,93474,93476,93477],{"id":93475},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[20,93478,93084],{},[16,93480,93481,93482,93484],{},"A negative ",[20,93483,93084],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[49,93486,93488],{"className":51,"code":93487,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[20,93489,93490,93510,93530],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93491,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502,93504,93506,93508],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93493,65],{"class":64},[58,93495,69],{"class":68},[58,93497,92975],{"class":64},[58,93499,69],{"class":68},[58,93501,93143],{"class":81},[58,93503,1082],{"class":68},[58,93505,293],{"class":77},[58,93507,1079],{"class":81},[58,93509,85],{"class":68},[58,93511,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93513,65],{"class":64},[58,93515,69],{"class":68},[58,93517,92975],{"class":64},[58,93519,69],{"class":68},[58,93521,93143],{"class":81},[58,93523,1082],{"class":68},[58,93525,293],{"class":77},[58,93527,117],{"class":81},[58,93529,85],{"class":68},[58,93531,93532,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93548],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93533,65],{"class":64},[58,93535,69],{"class":68},[58,93537,92975],{"class":64},[58,93539,69],{"class":68},[58,93541,93143],{"class":81},[58,93543,1082],{"class":68},[58,93545,293],{"class":77},[58,93547,123],{"class":81},[58,93549,85],{"class":68},[16,93551,132],{},[49,93553,93555],{"className":51,"code":93554,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[20,93556,93557,93562,93566],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93558,93559],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93560,93561],{"class":81},"1230\n",[58,93563,93564],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93565,93172],{"class":81},[58,93567,93568],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93569,93570],{"class":81},"1000\n",[16,93572,63758],{},[28,93574,93575,93580,93586],{},[31,93576,93577,93579],{},[20,93578,64028],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[31,93581,93582,93585],{},[20,93583,93584],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[31,93587,93588,93590],{},[20,93589,45839],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[16,93592,93593],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[44,93595,93597],{"id":93596},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[16,93599,93600,93601,499],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[20,93602,93603],{},".5",[16,93605,3597],{},[49,93607,93609],{"className":51,"code":93608,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[20,93610,93611,93625],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93612,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93614,65],{"class":64},[58,93616,69],{"class":68},[58,93618,92975],{"class":64},[58,93620,69],{"class":68},[58,93622,39324],{"class":81},[58,93624,85],{"class":68},[58,93626,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93628,65],{"class":64},[58,93630,69],{"class":68},[58,93632,92975],{"class":64},[58,93634,69],{"class":68},[58,93636,99],{"class":81},[58,93638,85],{"class":68},[16,93640,132],{},[49,93642,93644],{"className":51,"code":93643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"2\n4\n",[20,93645,93646,93650],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93647,93648],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93649,15206],{"class":81},[58,93651,93652],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93653,46819],{"class":81},[16,93655,93656,93657,93660,93661,93663],{},"Python uses ",[1855,93658,93659],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[20,93662,93603],{}," situations.",[16,93665,93666],{},"More examples:",[49,93668,93670],{"className":51,"code":93669,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[20,93671,93672,93686,93700,93714],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93673,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93675,65],{"class":64},[58,93677,69],{"class":68},[58,93679,92975],{"class":64},[58,93681,69],{"class":68},[58,93683,39337],{"class":81},[58,93685,85],{"class":68},[58,93687,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93689,65],{"class":64},[58,93691,69],{"class":68},[58,93693,92975],{"class":64},[58,93695,69],{"class":68},[58,93697,39324],{"class":81},[58,93699,85],{"class":68},[58,93701,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93703,65],{"class":64},[58,93705,69],{"class":68},[58,93707,92975],{"class":64},[58,93709,69],{"class":68},[58,93711,99],{"class":81},[58,93713,85],{"class":68},[58,93715,93716,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,93717,65],{"class":64},[58,93719,69],{"class":68},[58,93721,92975],{"class":64},[58,93723,69],{"class":68},[58,93725,39289],{"class":81},[58,93727,85],{"class":68},[16,93729,132],{},[49,93731,93733],{"className":51,"code":93732,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[20,93734,93735,93739,93743,93747],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93736,93737],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93738,15206],{"class":81},[58,93740,93741],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93742,15206],{"class":81},[58,93744,93745],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93746,46819],{"class":81},[58,93748,93749],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,93750,46819],{"class":81},[16,93752,93753],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[16,93755,8853],{},[28,93757,93758,93765],{},[31,93759,93760,197,93763],{},[20,93761,93762],{},"round(2.5)",[20,93764,117],{},[31,93766,93767,197,93770],{},[20,93768,93769],{},"round(3.5)",[20,93771,586],{},[16,93773,1263,93774,93776],{},[20,93775,93603],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[44,93778,93780],{"id":93779},"return-values","Return values",[16,93782,93783,93785],{},[20,93784,92934],{}," returns the rounded value.",[16,93787,39071,93788,93790],{},[1855,93789,2751],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[49,93792,93794],{"className":51,"code":93793,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[20,93795,93796,93805,93809,93819,93837],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93797,93798,93800,93802],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93799,526],{"class":286},[58,93801,290],{"class":77},[58,93803,93804],{"class":81}," 3.14159\n",[58,93806,93807],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93808,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,93810,93811,93813,93815,93817],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93812,65],{"class":64},[58,93814,69],{"class":68},[58,93816,553],{"class":239},[58,93818,243],{"class":68},[58,93820,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,93822,65],{"class":64},[58,93824,69],{"class":68},[58,93826,92975],{"class":64},[58,93828,69],{"class":68},[58,93830,553],{"class":239},[58,93832,1082],{"class":68},[58,93834,1085],{"class":81},[58,93836,85],{"class":68},[58,93838,93839,93841,93843,93845],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,93840,65],{"class":64},[58,93842,69],{"class":68},[58,93844,553],{"class":239},[58,93846,243],{"class":68},[16,93848,132],{},[49,93850,93852],{"className":51,"code":93851,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[20,93853,93854,93859,93863],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93855,93856],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93857,93858],{"class":81},"3.14159\n",[58,93860,93861],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93862,38342],{"class":81},[58,93864,93865],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93866,93858],{"class":81},[16,93868,93869],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[49,93871,93873],{"className":51,"code":93872,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[20,93874,93875,93883,93901,93905],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93876,93877,93879,93881],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93878,526],{"class":286},[58,93880,290],{"class":77},[58,93882,93804],{"class":81},[58,93884,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93886,526],{"class":286},[58,93888,290],{"class":77},[58,93890,93252],{"class":64},[58,93892,69],{"class":68},[58,93894,553],{"class":239},[58,93896,1082],{"class":68},[58,93898,1085],{"class":81},[58,93900,243],{"class":68},[58,93902,93903],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,93904,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,93906,93907,93909,93911,93913],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,93908,65],{"class":64},[58,93910,69],{"class":68},[58,93912,553],{"class":239},[58,93914,243],{"class":68},[16,93916,132],{},[49,93918,93919],{"className":51,"code":38342,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,93920,93921],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93922,93923],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93924,38342],{"class":81},[44,93926,3083,93928],{"id":93927},"when-to-use-round",[20,93929,92934],{},[16,93931,155,93932,4445],{},[20,93933,92934],{},[28,93935,93936,93939,93942,93945],{},[31,93937,93938],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[31,93940,93941],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[31,93943,93944],{},"Round values before reporting results",[31,93946,93947],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[16,93949,3597],{},[49,93951,93953],{"className":51,"code":93952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[20,93954,93955,93964],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93956,93957,93959,93961],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93958,679],{"class":286},[58,93960,290],{"class":77},[58,93962,93963],{"class":81}," 12.67891\n",[58,93965,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,93967,65],{"class":64},[58,93969,69],{"class":68},[58,93971,92975],{"class":64},[58,93973,69],{"class":68},[58,93975,702],{"class":239},[58,93977,1082],{"class":68},[58,93979,1085],{"class":81},[58,93981,85],{"class":68},[16,93983,132],{},[49,93985,93987],{"className":51,"code":93986,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"12.68\n",[20,93988,93989],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,93990,93991],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,93992,93986],{"class":81},[44,93994,914],{"id":913},[16,93996,21248,93997,499],{},[20,93998,92934],{},[617,94000,6588,94002,94004,94005,94007],{"id":94001},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[20,94003,92934],{}," to always round ",[20,94006,93603],{}," upward",[16,94009,94010],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[49,94012,94013],{"className":51,"code":93608,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,94014,94015,94029],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94016,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94018,65],{"class":64},[58,94020,69],{"class":68},[58,94022,92975],{"class":64},[58,94024,69],{"class":68},[58,94026,39324],{"class":81},[58,94028,85],{"class":68},[58,94030,94031,94033,94035,94037,94039,94041],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94032,65],{"class":64},[58,94034,69],{"class":68},[58,94036,92975],{"class":64},[58,94038,69],{"class":68},[58,94040,99],{"class":81},[58,94042,85],{"class":68},[16,94044,132],{},[49,94046,94047],{"className":51,"code":93643,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,94048,94049,94053],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94050,94051],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94052,15206],{"class":81},[58,94054,94055],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94056,46819],{"class":81},[16,94058,94059],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[617,94061,94063],{"id":94062},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[16,94065,94066,94068],{},[20,94067,92934],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[49,94070,94072],{"className":51,"code":94071,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[20,94073,94074,94082,94096,94100],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94075,94076,94078,94080],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94077,526],{"class":286},[58,94079,290],{"class":77},[58,94081,93804],{"class":81},[58,94083,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94085,92975],{"class":64},[58,94087,69],{"class":68},[58,94089,553],{"class":239},[58,94091,1082],{"class":68},[58,94093,1085],{"class":81},[58,94095,243],{"class":68},[58,94097,94098],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,94099,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,94101,94102,94104,94106,94108],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,94103,65],{"class":64},[58,94105,69],{"class":68},[58,94107,553],{"class":239},[58,94109,243],{"class":68},[16,94111,132],{},[49,94113,94114],{"className":51,"code":93858,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,94115,94116],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94117,94118],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94119,93858],{"class":81},[16,94121,94122],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[49,94124,94126],{"className":51,"code":94125,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[20,94127,94128],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94129,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94131,526],{"class":286},[58,94133,290],{"class":77},[58,94135,93252],{"class":64},[58,94137,69],{"class":68},[58,94139,553],{"class":239},[58,94141,1082],{"class":68},[58,94143,1085],{"class":81},[58,94145,243],{"class":68},[617,94147,94149],{"id":94148},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[16,94151,14550],{},[49,94153,94155],{"className":51,"code":94154,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[20,94156,94157],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94158,94159],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94160,94154],{"class":1773},[16,94162,94163],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[49,94165,94167],{"className":51,"code":94166,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[20,94168,94169,94181,94195,94199],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94170,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94172,32847],{"class":286},[58,94174,290],{"class":77},[58,94176,1450],{"class":939},[58,94178,38308],{"class":943},[58,94180,1456],{"class":939},[58,94182,94183,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94184,287],{"class":286},[58,94186,290],{"class":77},[58,94188,38420],{"class":991},[58,94190,69],{"class":68},[58,94192,32868],{"class":239},[58,94194,243],{"class":68},[58,94196,94197],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,94198,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,94200,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,94202,65],{"class":64},[58,94204,69],{"class":68},[58,94206,92975],{"class":64},[58,94208,69],{"class":68},[58,94210,311],{"class":239},[58,94212,1082],{"class":68},[58,94214,3623],{"class":81},[58,94216,85],{"class":68},[16,94218,132],{},[49,94220,94222],{"className":51,"code":94221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3.1\n",[20,94223,94224],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94225,94226],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94227,94221],{"class":81},[617,94229,94231],{"id":94230},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[16,94233,94234,94236],{},[20,94235,92934],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[16,94238,94239,94240,966,94244,499],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[374,94241,94242],{"href":969},[20,94243,972],{},[374,94245,94246],{"href":962},[20,94247,965],{},[44,94249,1555],{"id":1554},[617,94251,10849,94253,94255,94256,94258],{"id":94252},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[20,94254,92934],{}," always round ",[20,94257,38379],{}," up?",[16,94260,94261],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[617,94263,10849,94265,94267],{"id":94264},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[20,94266,92934],{}," change the original number?",[16,94269,94270],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[617,94272,3293,94274,94276],{"id":94273},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[20,94275,92934],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[16,94278,94279,94280,94282,94283,966,94285,499],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[20,94281,93084],{}," value like ",[20,94284,64028],{},[20,94286,93584],{},[617,94288,26484,94290,94292,94293,573],{"id":94289},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[20,94291,92934],{}," on a string like ",[20,94294,46263],{},[16,94296,94297,94298,966,94300,499],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[20,94299,972],{},[20,94301,965],{},[44,94303,1603],{"id":1602},[28,94305,94306,94312,94318,94322],{},[31,94307,94308],{},[374,94309,1681,94310,1612],{"href":969},[20,94311,972],{},[31,94313,94314],{},[374,94315,1681,94316,1612],{"href":962},[20,94317,965],{},[31,94319,94320],{},[374,94321,498],{"href":497},[31,94323,94324],{},[374,94325,40347],{"href":39056},[1635,94327,94328],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":94330},[94331,94332,94334,94335,94337,94339,94341,94342,94343,94345,94352,94362],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":93026,"depth":88,"text":94333},"What round() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":93180,"depth":88,"text":94336},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":93318,"depth":88,"text":94338},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":93475,"depth":88,"text":94340},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":93596,"depth":88,"text":93597},{"id":93779,"depth":88,"text":93780},{"id":93927,"depth":88,"text":94344},"When to use round()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":94346},[94347,94349,94350,94351],{"id":94001,"depth":104,"text":94348},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":94062,"depth":104,"text":94063},{"id":94148,"depth":104,"text":94149},{"id":94230,"depth":104,"text":94231},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":94353},[94354,94356,94358,94360],{"id":94252,"depth":104,"text":94355},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":94264,"depth":104,"text":94357},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":94273,"depth":104,"text":94359},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":94289,"depth":104,"text":94361},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":92926,"description":94363},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":94370,"title":94371,"body":94372,"description":95557,"extension":1667,"meta":95558,"navigation":318,"path":95559,"seo":95560,"stem":95561,"__hash__":95562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":9,"value":94373,"toc":95531},[94374,94381,94387,94390,94392,94441,94445,94470,94475,94480,94485,94499,94510,94512,94531,94533,94549,94552,94563,94565,94567,94628,94632,94665,94672,94679,94682,94715,94718,94722,94725,94778,94782,94803,94809,94816,94823,94884,94892,94969,94973,94985,94994,94996,95002,95008,95012,95065,95068,95126,95130,95138,95141,95145,95148,95158,95160,95257,95260,95271,95274,95317,95321,95345,95348,95354,95356,95360,95385,95387,95454,95463,95465,95471,95476,95480,95483,95487,95494,95498,95503,95505,95522,95528],[12,94375,94377,94378,9464],{"id":94376},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[20,94379,94380],{},"add()",[16,94382,94383,94386],{},[20,94384,94385],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[16,94388,94389],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[44,94391,47],{"id":46},[49,94393,94395],{"className":51,"code":94394,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,94396,94397,94417,94431],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94398,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94400,1725],{"class":286},[58,94402,290],{"class":77},[58,94404,8630],{"class":68},[58,94406,1079],{"class":81},[58,94408,1082],{"class":68},[58,94410,1085],{"class":81},[58,94412,1082],{"class":68},[58,94414,531],{"class":81},[58,94416,7447],{"class":68},[58,94418,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94420,1757],{"class":286},[58,94422,499],{"class":68},[58,94424,80280],{"class":239},[58,94426,69],{"class":68},[58,94428,586],{"class":81},[58,94430,243],{"class":68},[58,94432,94433,94435,94437,94439],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,94434,65],{"class":64},[58,94436,69],{"class":68},[58,94438,1757],{"class":239},[58,94440,243],{"class":68},[16,94442,94443],{},[1855,94444,132],{},[49,94446,94448],{"className":51,"code":94447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,94449,94450],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94451,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94453,7416],{"class":68},[58,94455,1079],{"class":81},[58,94457,1082],{"class":68},[58,94459,1085],{"class":81},[58,94461,1082],{"class":68},[58,94463,531],{"class":81},[58,94465,1082],{"class":68},[58,94467,537],{"class":81},[58,94469,7447],{"class":68},[16,94471,155,94472,94474],{},[20,94473,94380],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[44,94476,1788,94478,1791],{"id":94477},"what-setadd-does",[20,94479,94385],{},[16,94481,94482,94484],{},[20,94483,94385],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[28,94486,94487,94490,94493,94496],{},[31,94488,94489],{},"Adds one item to a set",[31,94491,94492],{},"Changes the original set in place",[31,94494,94495],{},"Does not return a new set",[31,94497,94498],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[16,94500,94501,94502,966,94506,499],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[374,94503,94505],{"href":94504},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[374,94507,94509],{"href":94508},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[44,94511,222],{"id":221},[49,94513,94515],{"className":51,"code":94514,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set.add(item)\n",[20,94516,94517],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94518,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94520,13815],{"class":286},[58,94522,499],{"class":68},[58,94524,80280],{"class":239},[58,94526,69],{"class":68},[58,94528,21464],{"class":239},[58,94530,243],{"class":68},[16,94532,9601],{},[28,94534,94535,94540,94543],{},[31,94536,54080,94537,94539],{},[20,94538,94380],{}," on an existing set",[31,94541,94542],{},"Pass exactly one item",[31,94544,94545,94546],{},"The item must be ",[1855,94547,94548],{},"hashable",[16,94550,94551],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[28,94553,94554,94556,94558,94561],{},[31,94555,54633],{},[31,94557,54636],{},[31,94559,94560],{},"Tuples",[31,94562,38760],{},[44,94564,9618],{"id":9617},[16,94566,9621],{},[49,94568,94570],{"className":51,"code":94569,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[20,94571,94572,94596,94614,94618],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94573,94574,94576,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588,94590,94592,94594],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94575,11222],{"class":286},[58,94577,290],{"class":77},[58,94579,8630],{"class":68},[58,94581,940],{"class":939},[58,94583,11239],{"class":943},[58,94585,940],{"class":939},[58,94587,1082],{"class":68},[58,94589,1450],{"class":939},[58,94591,11256],{"class":943},[58,94593,940],{"class":939},[58,94595,7447],{"class":68},[58,94597,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94599,15653],{"class":286},[58,94601,499],{"class":68},[58,94603,80280],{"class":239},[58,94605,69],{"class":68},[58,94607,940],{"class":939},[58,94609,15606],{"class":943},[58,94611,940],{"class":939},[58,94613,243],{"class":68},[58,94615,94616],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,94617,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,94619,94620,94622,94624,94626],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,94621,65],{"class":64},[58,94623,69],{"class":68},[58,94625,15653],{"class":239},[58,94627,243],{"class":68},[16,94629,94630],{},[1855,94631,28186],{},[49,94633,94635],{"className":51,"code":94634,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[20,94636,94637],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94638,94639,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657,94659,94661,94663],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94640,7416],{"class":68},[58,94642,1396],{"class":939},[58,94644,11239],{"class":943},[58,94646,1396],{"class":939},[58,94648,1082],{"class":68},[58,94650,1391],{"class":939},[58,94652,15606],{"class":943},[58,94654,1396],{"class":939},[58,94656,1082],{"class":68},[58,94658,1391],{"class":939},[58,94660,11256],{"class":943},[58,94662,1396],{"class":939},[58,94664,7447],{"class":68},[16,94666,94667,94668,94671],{},"The new value ",[20,94669,94670],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[16,94673,94674,94675,94678],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[1855,94676,94677],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[16,94680,94681],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[49,94683,94685],{"className":51,"code":94684,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[20,94686,94687],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94688,94689,94691,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94690,7416],{"class":68},[58,94692,1396],{"class":939},[58,94694,11256],{"class":943},[58,94696,1396],{"class":939},[58,94698,1082],{"class":68},[58,94700,1391],{"class":939},[58,94702,11239],{"class":943},[58,94704,1396],{"class":939},[58,94706,1082],{"class":68},[58,94708,1391],{"class":939},[58,94710,15606],{"class":943},[58,94712,1396],{"class":939},[58,94714,7447],{"class":68},[16,94716,94717],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[44,94719,94721],{"id":94720},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[16,94723,94724],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[49,94726,94728],{"className":51,"code":94727,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,94729,94730,94750,94764,94768],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94731,94732,94734,94736,94738,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94733,1725],{"class":286},[58,94735,290],{"class":77},[58,94737,8630],{"class":68},[58,94739,1079],{"class":81},[58,94741,1082],{"class":68},[58,94743,1085],{"class":81},[58,94745,1082],{"class":68},[58,94747,531],{"class":81},[58,94749,7447],{"class":68},[58,94751,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760,94762],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94753,1757],{"class":286},[58,94755,499],{"class":68},[58,94757,80280],{"class":239},[58,94759,69],{"class":68},[58,94761,117],{"class":81},[58,94763,243],{"class":68},[58,94765,94766],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,94767,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,94769,94770,94772,94774,94776],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,94771,65],{"class":64},[58,94773,69],{"class":68},[58,94775,1757],{"class":239},[58,94777,243],{"class":68},[16,94779,94780],{},[1855,94781,132],{},[49,94783,94785],{"className":51,"code":94784,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[20,94786,94787],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94788,94789,94791,94793,94795,94797,94799,94801],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94790,7416],{"class":68},[58,94792,1079],{"class":81},[58,94794,1082],{"class":68},[58,94796,1085],{"class":81},[58,94798,1082],{"class":68},[58,94800,531],{"class":81},[58,94802,7447],{"class":68},[16,94804,94805,94806,94808],{},"The set stays the same because ",[20,94807,117],{}," was already present.",[44,94810,94812,8725,94814],{"id":94811},"add-vs-update",[20,94813,94380],{},[20,94815,13102],{},[16,94817,155,94818,94820,94821,499],{},[20,94819,94380],{}," when you want to add ",[1855,94822,50827],{},[49,94824,94826],{"className":51,"code":94825,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[20,94827,94828,94852,94870,94874],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94829,94830,94832,94834,94836,94838,94840,94842,94844,94846,94848,94850],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94831,34252],{"class":286},[58,94833,290],{"class":77},[58,94835,8630],{"class":68},[58,94837,940],{"class":939},[58,94839,374],{"class":943},[58,94841,940],{"class":939},[58,94843,1082],{"class":68},[58,94845,1450],{"class":939},[58,94847,2882],{"class":943},[58,94849,940],{"class":939},[58,94851,7447],{"class":68},[58,94853,94854,94856,94858,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94855,34305],{"class":286},[58,94857,499],{"class":68},[58,94859,80280],{"class":239},[58,94861,69],{"class":68},[58,94863,940],{"class":939},[58,94865,7878],{"class":943},[58,94867,940],{"class":939},[58,94869,243],{"class":68},[58,94871,94872],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,94873,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,94875,94876,94878,94880,94882],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,94877,65],{"class":64},[58,94879,69],{"class":68},[58,94881,34305],{"class":239},[58,94883,243],{"class":68},[16,94885,155,94886,94820,94888,94891],{},[20,94887,13102],{},[1855,94889,94890],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[49,94893,94895],{"className":51,"code":94894,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[20,94896,94897,94921,94955,94959],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,94898,94899,94901,94903,94905,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915,94917,94919],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,94900,34252],{"class":286},[58,94902,290],{"class":77},[58,94904,8630],{"class":68},[58,94906,940],{"class":939},[58,94908,374],{"class":943},[58,94910,940],{"class":939},[58,94912,1082],{"class":68},[58,94914,1450],{"class":939},[58,94916,2882],{"class":943},[58,94918,940],{"class":939},[58,94920,7447],{"class":68},[58,94922,94923,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933,94935,94937,94939,94941,94943,94945,94947,94949,94951,94953],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,94924,34305],{"class":286},[58,94926,499],{"class":68},[58,94928,28621],{"class":239},[58,94930,1076],{"class":68},[58,94932,940],{"class":939},[58,94934,7878],{"class":943},[58,94936,940],{"class":939},[58,94938,1082],{"class":68},[58,94940,1450],{"class":939},[58,94942,16919],{"class":943},[58,94944,940],{"class":939},[58,94946,1082],{"class":68},[58,94948,1450],{"class":939},[58,94950,58620],{"class":943},[58,94952,940],{"class":939},[58,94954,2004],{"class":68},[58,94956,94957],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,94958,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,94960,94961,94963,94965,94967],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,94962,65],{"class":64},[58,94964,69],{"class":68},[58,94966,34305],{"class":239},[58,94968,243],{"class":68},[617,94970,94972],{"id":94971},"key-difference","Key difference",[28,94974,94975,94980],{},[31,94976,94977,94979],{},[20,94978,94380],{}," adds one item",[31,94981,94982,94984],{},[20,94983,13102],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[16,94986,94987,94988,499],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[374,94989,94991,94992,8881],{"href":94990},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[20,94993,13102],{},[44,94995,15569],{"id":15568},[16,94997,94998,475,95000,499],{},[20,94999,94385],{},[20,95001,1891],{},[16,95003,95004,95005,95007],{},"That means you should ",[1855,95006,2751],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[617,95009,95011],{"id":95010},"correct","Correct",[49,95013,95015],{"className":51,"code":95014,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[20,95016,95017,95037,95051,95055],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95018,95019,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029,95031,95033,95035],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95020,13777],{"class":286},[58,95022,290],{"class":77},[58,95024,8630],{"class":68},[58,95026,1079],{"class":81},[58,95028,1082],{"class":68},[58,95030,1085],{"class":81},[58,95032,1082],{"class":68},[58,95034,531],{"class":81},[58,95036,7447],{"class":68},[58,95038,95039,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95040,13815],{"class":286},[58,95042,499],{"class":68},[58,95044,80280],{"class":239},[58,95046,69],{"class":68},[58,95048,586],{"class":81},[58,95050,243],{"class":68},[58,95052,95053],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95054,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95056,95057,95059,95061,95063],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,95058,65],{"class":64},[58,95060,69],{"class":68},[58,95062,13815],{"class":239},[58,95064,243],{"class":68},[617,95066,95067],{"id":59942},"Wrong",[49,95069,95071],{"className":51,"code":95070,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[20,95072,95073,95093,95112,95116],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95074,95075,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95076,13777],{"class":286},[58,95078,290],{"class":77},[58,95080,8630],{"class":68},[58,95082,1079],{"class":81},[58,95084,1082],{"class":68},[58,95086,1085],{"class":81},[58,95088,1082],{"class":68},[58,95090,531],{"class":81},[58,95092,7447],{"class":68},[58,95094,95095,95097,95099,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95096,13777],{"class":286},[58,95098,290],{"class":77},[58,95100,95101],{"class":286}," my_set",[58,95103,499],{"class":68},[58,95105,80280],{"class":239},[58,95107,69],{"class":68},[58,95109,586],{"class":81},[58,95111,243],{"class":68},[58,95113,95114],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95115,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95117,95118,95120,95122,95124],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,95119,65],{"class":64},[58,95121,69],{"class":68},[58,95123,13815],{"class":239},[58,95125,243],{"class":68},[16,95127,95128],{},[1855,95129,132],{},[49,95131,95132],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,95133,95134],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95135,95136],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95137,9952],{"class":1966},[16,95139,95140],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[44,95142,95144],{"id":95143},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[16,95146,95147],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[28,95149,95150,95152,95154,95156],{},[31,95151,54633],{},[31,95153,54636],{},[31,95155,94560],{},[31,95157,38760],{},[16,95159,276],{},[49,95161,95163],{"className":51,"code":95162,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[20,95164,95165,95175,95179,95193,95211,95229,95243,95247],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95166,95167,95169,95171,95173],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95168,5911],{"class":286},[58,95170,290],{"class":77},[58,95172,13782],{"class":991},[58,95174,6779],{"class":68},[58,95176,95177],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95178,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95180,95181,95183,95185,95187,95189,95191],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95182,5942],{"class":286},[58,95184,499],{"class":68},[58,95186,80280],{"class":239},[58,95188,69],{"class":68},[58,95190,408],{"class":81},[58,95192,243],{"class":68},[58,95194,95195,95197,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,95196,5942],{"class":286},[58,95198,499],{"class":68},[58,95200,80280],{"class":239},[58,95202,69],{"class":68},[58,95204,940],{"class":939},[58,95206,1959],{"class":943},[58,95208,940],{"class":939},[58,95210,243],{"class":68},[58,95212,95213,95215,95217,95219,95221,95223,95225,95227],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,95214,5942],{"class":286},[58,95216,499],{"class":68},[58,95218,80280],{"class":239},[58,95220,3636],{"class":68},[58,95222,1079],{"class":81},[58,95224,1082],{"class":68},[58,95226,1085],{"class":81},[58,95228,85],{"class":68},[58,95230,95231,95233,95235,95237,95239,95241],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,95232,5942],{"class":286},[58,95234,499],{"class":68},[58,95236,80280],{"class":239},[58,95238,69],{"class":68},[58,95240,1710],{"class":1966},[58,95242,243],{"class":68},[58,95244,95245],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,95246,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95248,95249,95251,95253,95255],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,95250,65],{"class":64},[58,95252,69],{"class":68},[58,95254,5942],{"class":239},[58,95256,243],{"class":68},[16,95258,95259],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[28,95261,95262,95265,95268],{},[31,95263,95264],{},"Lists",[31,95266,95267],{},"Dictionaries",[31,95269,95270],{},"Sets",[16,95272,95273],{},"Example that causes an error:",[49,95275,95277],{"className":51,"code":95276,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[20,95278,95279,95299],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95280,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95282,5911],{"class":286},[58,95284,290],{"class":77},[58,95286,8630],{"class":68},[58,95288,1079],{"class":81},[58,95290,1082],{"class":68},[58,95292,1085],{"class":81},[58,95294,1082],{"class":68},[58,95296,531],{"class":81},[58,95298,7447],{"class":68},[58,95300,95301,95303,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95302,5942],{"class":286},[58,95304,499],{"class":68},[58,95306,80280],{"class":239},[58,95308,1076],{"class":68},[58,95310,586],{"class":81},[58,95312,1082],{"class":68},[58,95314,2725],{"class":81},[58,95316,2004],{"class":68},[16,95318,95319],{},[1855,95320,27837],{},[49,95322,95324],{"className":51,"code":95323,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[20,95325,95326],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95327,95328,95330,95332,95335,95337,95339,95341,95343],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95329,1098],{"class":991},[58,95331,973],{"class":68},[58,95333,95334],{"class":286}," unhashable ",[58,95336,1316],{"class":991},[58,95338,973],{"class":68},[58,95340,1391],{"class":939},[58,95342,6227],{"class":943},[58,95344,27856],{"class":939},[16,95346,95347],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[16,95349,95350,95351,499],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[20,95352,95353],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[44,95355,914],{"id":913},[16,95357,12881,95358,973],{},[20,95359,94385],{},[28,95361,95362,95367,95372,95375,95382],{},[31,95363,6552,95364,95366],{},[20,95365,94380],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[31,95368,6588,95369,95371],{},[20,95370,94380],{}," to return the updated set",[31,95373,95374],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[31,95376,35367,95377,95379,95380],{},[20,95378,94385],{}," with list ",[20,95381,50823],{},[31,95383,95384],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[16,95386,69680],{},[49,95388,95390],{"className":51,"code":95389,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[20,95391,95392,95402,95416,95426,95440],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95393,95394,95396,95398,95400],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95395,65],{"class":64},[58,95397,69],{"class":68},[58,95399,13815],{"class":239},[58,95401,243],{"class":68},[58,95403,95404,95406,95408,95410,95412,95414],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95405,65],{"class":64},[58,95407,69],{"class":68},[58,95409,1316],{"class":991},[58,95411,69],{"class":68},[58,95413,13815],{"class":239},[58,95415,85],{"class":68},[58,95417,95418,95420,95422,95424],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95419,65],{"class":64},[58,95421,69],{"class":68},[58,95423,553],{"class":239},[58,95425,243],{"class":68},[58,95427,95428,95430,95432,95434,95436,95438],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,95429,65],{"class":64},[58,95431,69],{"class":68},[58,95433,1316],{"class":991},[58,95435,69],{"class":68},[58,95437,553],{"class":239},[58,95439,85],{"class":68},[58,95441,95442,95444,95446,95448,95450,95452],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,95443,30310],{"class":64},[58,95445,69],{"class":68},[58,95447,4414],{"class":991},[58,95449,499],{"class":68},[58,95451,80280],{"class":22904},[58,95453,243],{"class":68},[16,95455,95456,95457,95459,95460,499],{},"Also remember that ",[20,95458,94385],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[374,95461,51220],{"href":95462},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[44,95464,1555],{"id":1554},[617,95466,10849,95468,95470],{"id":95467},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[20,95469,94385],{}," return a new set?",[16,95472,95473,95474,499],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[20,95475,1891],{},[617,95477,95479],{"id":95478},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[16,95481,95482],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[617,95484,95486],{"id":95485},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[16,95488,155,95489,9233,95492,499],{},[20,95490,95491],{},"set.update()",[20,95493,94380],{},[617,95495,95497],{"id":95496},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[16,95499,95500,95501,499],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[20,95502,1098],{},[44,95504,1603],{"id":1602},[28,95506,95507,95511,95516],{},[31,95508,95509],{},[374,95510,94505],{"href":94504},[31,95512,95513],{},[374,95514,95515],{"href":94508},"How to create a set in Python",[31,95517,95518],{},[374,95519,94991,95520,8881],{"href":94990},[20,95521,13102],{},[16,95523,95524,95525,95527],{},"Once you understand ",[20,95526,94380],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1635,95529,95530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":95532},[95533,95534,95536,95537,95538,95539,95543,95547,95548,95549,95556],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":94477,"depth":88,"text":95535},"What set.add() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":94720,"depth":88,"text":94721},{"id":94811,"depth":88,"text":95540,"children":95541},"add() vs update()",[95542],{"id":94971,"depth":104,"text":94972},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569,"children":95544},[95545,95546],{"id":95010,"depth":104,"text":95011},{"id":59942,"depth":104,"text":95067},{"id":95143,"depth":88,"text":95144},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":95550},[95551,95553,95554,95555],{"id":95467,"depth":104,"text":95552},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":95478,"depth":104,"text":95479},{"id":95485,"depth":104,"text":95486},{"id":95496,"depth":104,"text":95497},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":94371,"description":95557},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":95564,"title":95565,"body":95566,"description":96735,"extension":1667,"meta":96736,"navigation":318,"path":96737,"seo":96738,"stem":96739,"__hash__":96740},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":9,"value":95567,"toc":96702},[95568,95573,95579,95586,95631,95633,95644,95649,95654,95658,95672,95677,95679,95681,95696,95698,95712,95714,95716,95781,95783,95793,95795,95813,95819,95826,95831,95905,95907,95924,95930,95935,96006,96008,96035,96052,96055,96061,96063,96070,96074,96141,96143,96158,96161,96214,96216,96224,96236,96238,96242,96247,96249,96298,96300,96308,96310,96355,96357,96367,96373,96381,96394,96400,96402,96431,96433,96451,96455,96458,96489,96491,96509,96513,96588,96590,96606,96613,96615,96620,96625,96631,96634,96638,96646,96653,96661,96663,96699],[12,95569,94377,95571,9464],{"id":95570},"python-set-clear-method",[20,95572,9463],{},[16,95574,95575,95578],{},[20,95576,95577],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[16,95580,95581,95582,95585],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[1855,95583,95584],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[49,95587,95589],{"className":51,"code":95588,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,95590,95591,95611,95621],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95592,95593,95595,95597,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95594,1725],{"class":286},[58,95596,290],{"class":77},[58,95598,8630],{"class":68},[58,95600,1079],{"class":81},[58,95602,1082],{"class":68},[58,95604,1085],{"class":81},[58,95606,1082],{"class":68},[58,95608,531],{"class":81},[58,95610,7447],{"class":68},[58,95612,95613,95615,95617,95619],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95614,1757],{"class":286},[58,95616,499],{"class":68},[58,95618,9525],{"class":239},[58,95620,6779],{"class":68},[58,95622,95623,95625,95627,95629],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95624,65],{"class":64},[58,95626,69],{"class":68},[58,95628,1757],{"class":239},[58,95630,243],{"class":68},[16,95632,132],{},[49,95634,95636],{"className":51,"code":95635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set()\n",[20,95637,95638],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95639,95640,95642],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95641,4414],{"class":991},[58,95643,6779],{"class":68},[16,95645,95646,95648],{},[20,95647,9463],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[44,95650,1788,95652,1791],{"id":95651},"what-setclear-does",[20,95653,95577],{},[16,95655,18,95656,9555],{},[20,95657,9463],{},[28,95659,95660,95663,95665,95669],{},[31,95661,95662],{},"Removes every item from a set",[31,95664,94492],{},[31,95666,9566,95667],{},[20,95668,1891],{},[31,95670,95671],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[16,95673,94501,95674,69779],{},[374,95675,94505],{"href":95676},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[44,95678,222],{"id":221},[16,95680,52618],{},[49,95682,95684],{"className":51,"code":95683,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set.clear()\n",[20,95685,95686],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95687,95688,95690,95692,95694],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95689,13815],{"class":286},[58,95691,499],{"class":68},[58,95693,9525],{"class":239},[58,95695,6779],{"class":68},[16,95697,11198],{},[28,95699,95700,95703,95706,95709],{},[31,95701,95702],{},"It takes no arguments",[31,95704,95705],{},"It empties the set",[31,95707,95708],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[31,95710,95711],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[44,95713,9618],{"id":9617},[16,95715,9621],{},[49,95717,95719],{"className":51,"code":95718,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[20,95720,95721,95753,95757,95767,95771],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95722,95723,95725,95727,95729,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739,95741,95743,95745,95747,95749,95751],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95724,11222],{"class":286},[58,95726,290],{"class":77},[58,95728,8630],{"class":68},[58,95730,940],{"class":939},[58,95732,11239],{"class":943},[58,95734,940],{"class":939},[58,95736,1082],{"class":68},[58,95738,1450],{"class":939},[58,95740,15606],{"class":943},[58,95742,940],{"class":939},[58,95744,1082],{"class":68},[58,95746,1450],{"class":939},[58,95748,11256],{"class":943},[58,95750,940],{"class":939},[58,95752,7447],{"class":68},[58,95754,95755],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95756,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95758,95759,95761,95763,95765],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95760,15653],{"class":286},[58,95762,499],{"class":68},[58,95764,9525],{"class":239},[58,95766,6779],{"class":68},[58,95768,95769],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,95770,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95772,95773,95775,95777,95779],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,95774,65],{"class":64},[58,95776,69],{"class":68},[58,95778,15653],{"class":239},[58,95780,243],{"class":68},[16,95782,132],{},[49,95784,95785],{"className":51,"code":95635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,95786,95787],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95788,95789,95791],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95790,4414],{"class":991},[58,95792,6779],{"class":68},[16,95794,9827],{},[28,95796,95797,95802,95807],{},[31,95798,95799,95801],{},[20,95800,15653],{}," starts with three values",[31,95803,95804,9840],{},[20,95805,95806],{},"colors.clear()",[31,95808,95809,95810,95812],{},"Printing the set shows ",[20,95811,1910],{},", which means an empty set",[44,95814,95816,95818],{"id":95815},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[20,95817,9463],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[16,95820,95821,2512,95823,95825],{},[20,95822,9463],{},[20,95824,1910],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[617,95827,6552,95829],{"id":95828},"using-clear",[20,95830,9463],{},[49,95832,95834],{"className":51,"code":95833,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[20,95835,95836,95856,95866,95870,95880,95884,95894],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95837,95838,95840,95842,95844,95846,95848,95850,95852,95854],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95839,5911],{"class":286},[58,95841,290],{"class":77},[58,95843,8630],{"class":68},[58,95845,1079],{"class":81},[58,95847,1082],{"class":68},[58,95849,1085],{"class":81},[58,95851,1082],{"class":68},[58,95853,531],{"class":81},[58,95855,7447],{"class":68},[58,95857,95858,95861,95863],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95859,95860],{"class":286},"other_name ",[58,95862,290],{"class":77},[58,95864,95865],{"class":286}," items\n",[58,95867,95868],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95869,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95871,95872,95874,95876,95878],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,95873,5942],{"class":286},[58,95875,499],{"class":68},[58,95877,9525],{"class":239},[58,95879,6779],{"class":68},[58,95881,95882],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,95883,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95885,95886,95888,95890,95892],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,95887,65],{"class":64},[58,95889,69],{"class":68},[58,95891,5942],{"class":239},[58,95893,243],{"class":68},[58,95895,95896,95898,95900,95903],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,95897,65],{"class":64},[58,95899,69],{"class":68},[58,95901,95902],{"class":239},"other_name",[58,95904,243],{"class":68},[16,95906,132],{},[49,95908,95910],{"className":51,"code":95909,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set()\nset()\n",[20,95911,95912,95918],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95913,95914,95916],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95915,4414],{"class":991},[58,95917,6779],{"class":68},[58,95919,95920,95922],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95921,4414],{"class":991},[58,95923,6779],{"class":68},[16,95925,95926,95927,499],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[1855,95928,95929],{},"same set object",[617,95931,6552,95933],{"id":95932},"using-set",[20,95934,1910],{},[49,95936,95938],{"className":51,"code":95937,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[20,95939,95940,95960,95968,95972,95982,95986,95996],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,95941,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,95943,5911],{"class":286},[58,95945,290],{"class":77},[58,95947,8630],{"class":68},[58,95949,1079],{"class":81},[58,95951,1082],{"class":68},[58,95953,1085],{"class":81},[58,95955,1082],{"class":68},[58,95957,531],{"class":81},[58,95959,7447],{"class":68},[58,95961,95962,95964,95966],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,95963,95860],{"class":286},[58,95965,290],{"class":77},[58,95967,95865],{"class":286},[58,95969,95970],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,95971,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95973,95974,95976,95978,95980],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,95975,5911],{"class":286},[58,95977,290],{"class":77},[58,95979,13782],{"class":991},[58,95981,6779],{"class":68},[58,95983,95984],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,95985,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,95987,95988,95990,95992,95994],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,95989,65],{"class":64},[58,95991,69],{"class":68},[58,95993,5942],{"class":239},[58,95995,243],{"class":68},[58,95997,95998,96000,96002,96004],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,95999,65],{"class":64},[58,96001,69],{"class":68},[58,96003,95902],{"class":239},[58,96005,243],{"class":68},[16,96007,132],{},[49,96009,96011],{"className":51,"code":96010,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[20,96012,96013,96019],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96014,96015,96017],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96016,4414],{"class":991},[58,96018,6779],{"class":68},[58,96020,96021,96023,96025,96027,96029,96031,96033],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96022,7416],{"class":68},[58,96024,1079],{"class":81},[58,96026,1082],{"class":68},[58,96028,1085],{"class":81},[58,96030,1082],{"class":68},[58,96032,531],{"class":81},[58,96034,7447],{"class":68},[16,96036,18923,96037,91269,96040,96043,96044,499,96046,96048,96049,96051],{},[20,96038,96039],{},"items = set()",[1855,96041,96042],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[20,96045,5942],{},[7985,96047],{},"\nBut ",[20,96050,95902],{}," still points to the original set.",[16,96053,96054],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[16,96056,96057,96058,499],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[374,96059,94509],{"href":96060},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[44,96062,15569],{"id":15568},[16,96064,96065,12201,96067,96069],{},[20,96066,9463],{},[1855,96068,2751],{}," return the emptied set.",[16,96071,3271,96072,499],{},[20,96073,1891],{},[49,96075,96077],{"className":51,"code":96076,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,96078,96079,96099,96103,96117,96121,96131],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96080,96081,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095,96097],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96082,1725],{"class":286},[58,96084,290],{"class":77},[58,96086,8630],{"class":68},[58,96088,1079],{"class":81},[58,96090,1082],{"class":68},[58,96092,1085],{"class":81},[58,96094,1082],{"class":68},[58,96096,531],{"class":81},[58,96098,7447],{"class":68},[58,96100,96101],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96102,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,96104,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,96106,301],{"class":286},[58,96108,290],{"class":77},[58,96110,2381],{"class":286},[58,96112,499],{"class":68},[58,96114,9525],{"class":239},[58,96116,6779],{"class":68},[58,96118,96119],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,96120,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,96122,96123,96125,96127,96129],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,96124,65],{"class":64},[58,96126,69],{"class":68},[58,96128,340],{"class":239},[58,96130,243],{"class":68},[58,96132,96133,96135,96137,96139],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,96134,65],{"class":64},[58,96136,69],{"class":68},[58,96138,1757],{"class":239},[58,96140,243],{"class":68},[16,96142,132],{},[49,96144,96146],{"className":51,"code":96145,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"None\nset()\n",[20,96147,96148,96152],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96149,96150],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96151,9952],{"class":1966},[58,96153,96154,96156],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96155,4414],{"class":991},[58,96157,6779],{"class":68},[16,96159,96160],{},"Do not do this:",[49,96162,96164],{"className":51,"code":96163,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,96165,96166,96186,96200,96204],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96167,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96169,1725],{"class":286},[58,96171,290],{"class":77},[58,96173,8630],{"class":68},[58,96175,1079],{"class":81},[58,96177,1082],{"class":68},[58,96179,1085],{"class":81},[58,96181,1082],{"class":68},[58,96183,531],{"class":81},[58,96185,7447],{"class":68},[58,96187,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96189,1725],{"class":286},[58,96191,290],{"class":77},[58,96193,2381],{"class":286},[58,96195,499],{"class":68},[58,96197,9525],{"class":239},[58,96199,6779],{"class":68},[58,96201,96202],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,96203,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,96205,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,96207,65],{"class":64},[58,96209,69],{"class":68},[58,96211,1757],{"class":239},[58,96213,243],{"class":68},[16,96215,132],{},[49,96217,96218],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,96219,96220],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96221,96222],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96223,9952],{"class":1966},[16,96225,20342,96226,475,96228,96230,96231,96233,96234,499],{},[20,96227,52731],{},[20,96229,1891],{},", and then you assign that ",[20,96232,1891],{}," back to ",[20,96235,1757],{},[44,96237,2638],{"id":2637},[16,96239,8888,96240,499],{},[20,96241,95577],{},[617,96243,10739,96245],{"id":96244},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[20,96246,9463],{},[16,96248,14793],{},[49,96250,96252],{"className":51,"code":96251,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[20,96253,96254,96274,96288],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96255,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96257,13777],{"class":286},[58,96259,290],{"class":77},[58,96261,8630],{"class":68},[58,96263,1079],{"class":81},[58,96265,1082],{"class":68},[58,96267,1085],{"class":81},[58,96269,1082],{"class":68},[58,96271,531],{"class":81},[58,96273,7447],{"class":68},[58,96275,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284,96286],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96277,13777],{"class":286},[58,96279,290],{"class":77},[58,96281,95101],{"class":286},[58,96283,499],{"class":68},[58,96285,9525],{"class":239},[58,96287,6779],{"class":68},[58,96289,96290,96292,96294,96296],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,96291,65],{"class":64},[58,96293,69],{"class":68},[58,96295,13815],{"class":239},[58,96297,243],{"class":68},[16,96299,132],{},[49,96301,96302],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,96303,96304],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96305,96306],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96307,9952],{"class":1966},[16,96309,14805],{},[49,96311,96313],{"className":51,"code":96312,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[20,96314,96315,96335,96345],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96316,96317,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96318,13777],{"class":286},[58,96320,290],{"class":77},[58,96322,8630],{"class":68},[58,96324,1079],{"class":81},[58,96326,1082],{"class":68},[58,96328,1085],{"class":81},[58,96330,1082],{"class":68},[58,96332,531],{"class":81},[58,96334,7447],{"class":68},[58,96336,96337,96339,96341,96343],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96338,13815],{"class":286},[58,96340,499],{"class":68},[58,96342,9525],{"class":239},[58,96344,6779],{"class":68},[58,96346,96347,96349,96351,96353],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,96348,65],{"class":64},[58,96350,69],{"class":68},[58,96352,13815],{"class":239},[58,96354,243],{"class":68},[16,96356,132],{},[49,96358,96359],{"className":51,"code":95635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,96360,96361],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96362,96363,96365],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96364,4414],{"class":991},[58,96366,6779],{"class":68},[617,96368,6588,96370,96372],{"id":96369},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[20,96371,9463],{}," to remove only one item",[16,96374,96375,96377,96378,96380],{},[20,96376,9463],{}," removes ",[1855,96379,1827],{}," items from the set.",[16,96382,96383,96384,966,96389,499],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[374,96385,96387],{"href":96386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[20,96388,53700],{},[374,96390,96392],{"href":96391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[20,96393,10908],{},[617,96395,6552,96397,96399],{"id":96396},"using-for-an-empty-set",[20,96398,1905],{}," for an empty set",[16,96401,23845],{},[49,96403,96405],{"className":51,"code":96404,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[20,96406,96407,96416],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96408,96409,96412,96414],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96410,96411],{"class":286},"empty_value ",[58,96413,290],{"class":77},[58,96415,7977],{"class":68},[58,96417,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96429],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96419,65],{"class":64},[58,96421,69],{"class":68},[58,96423,1316],{"class":991},[58,96425,69],{"class":68},[58,96427,96428],{"class":239},"empty_value",[58,96430,85],{"class":68},[16,96432,132],{},[49,96434,96435],{"className":51,"code":6945,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,96436,96437],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96438,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96440,1385],{"class":77},[58,96442,1388],{"class":126},[58,96444,1391],{"class":939},[58,96446,6958],{"class":943},[58,96448,1396],{"class":939},[58,96450,1399],{"class":77},[16,96452,96453,6925],{},[20,96454,1905],{},[16,96456,96457],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[49,96459,96461],{"className":51,"code":96460,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[20,96462,96463,96474],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96464,96465,96468,96470,96472],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96466,96467],{"class":286},"empty_set ",[58,96469,290],{"class":77},[58,96471,13782],{"class":991},[58,96473,6779],{"class":68},[58,96475,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96487],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96477,65],{"class":64},[58,96479,69],{"class":68},[58,96481,1316],{"class":991},[58,96483,69],{"class":68},[58,96485,96486],{"class":239},"empty_set",[58,96488,85],{"class":68},[16,96490,132],{},[49,96492,96493],{"className":51,"code":6989,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,96494,96495],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96496,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96498,1385],{"class":77},[58,96500,1388],{"class":126},[58,96502,1391],{"class":939},[58,96504,4414],{"class":943},[58,96506,1396],{"class":939},[58,96508,1399],{"class":77},[617,96510,96512],{"id":96511},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[49,96514,96516],{"className":51,"code":96515,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[20,96517,96518,96542,96550,96554,96564,96568,96578],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96519,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96521,637],{"class":286},[58,96523,290],{"class":77},[58,96525,8630],{"class":68},[58,96527,940],{"class":939},[58,96529,240],{"class":943},[58,96531,940],{"class":939},[58,96533,1082],{"class":68},[58,96535,1450],{"class":939},[58,96537,9889],{"class":943},[58,96539,940],{"class":939},[58,96541,7447],{"class":68},[58,96543,96544,96546,96548],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96545,665],{"class":286},[58,96547,290],{"class":77},[58,96549,34337],{"class":286},[58,96551,96552],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,96553,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,96555,96556,96558,96560,96562],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,96557,374],{"class":286},[58,96559,499],{"class":68},[58,96561,9525],{"class":239},[58,96563,6779],{"class":68},[58,96565,96566],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,96567,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,96569,96570,96572,96574,96576],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,96571,65],{"class":64},[58,96573,69],{"class":68},[58,96575,374],{"class":239},[58,96577,243],{"class":68},[58,96579,96580,96582,96584,96586],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,96581,65],{"class":64},[58,96583,69],{"class":68},[58,96585,2882],{"class":239},[58,96587,243],{"class":68},[16,96589,132],{},[49,96591,96592],{"className":51,"code":95909,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,96593,96594,96600],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96595,96596,96598],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96597,4414],{"class":991},[58,96599,6779],{"class":68},[58,96601,96602,96604],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96603,4414],{"class":991},[58,96605,6779],{"class":68},[16,96607,27217,96608,2512,96610,96612],{},[20,96609,374],{},[20,96611,2882],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[44,96614,1555],{"id":1554},[617,96616,3265,96618,3268],{"id":96617},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[20,96619,95577],{},[16,96621,3271,96622,96624],{},[20,96623,1891],{},". It empties the set in place.",[617,96626,10849,96628,96630],{"id":96627},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[20,96629,9463],{}," delete the set variable?",[16,96632,96633],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[617,96635,96637],{"id":96636},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[16,96639,96640,96641,96643,96644,499],{},"You already have one after ",[20,96642,9463],{},". Printing it shows ",[20,96645,1910],{},[617,96647,3303,96649,2512,96651,573],{"id":96648},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[20,96650,9463],{},[20,96652,1910],{},[16,96654,96655,96657,96658,96660],{},[20,96656,9463],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[20,96659,1910],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[44,96662,1603],{"id":1602},[28,96664,96665,96669,96673,96680,96686,96692],{},[31,96666,96667],{},[374,96668,94505],{"href":95676},[31,96670,96671],{},[374,96672,95515],{"href":96060},[31,96674,96675],{},[374,96676,94991,96678,8881],{"href":96677},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[20,96679,94380],{},[31,96681,96682],{},[374,96683,94991,96684,8881],{"href":96386},[20,96685,53700],{},[31,96687,96688],{},[374,96689,94991,96690,8881],{"href":96391},[20,96691,10908],{},[31,96693,96694],{},[374,96695,94991,96697,8881],{"href":96696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[20,96698,13102],{},[1635,96700,96701],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":96703},[96704,96706,96707,96708,96715,96716,96725,96734],{"id":95651,"depth":88,"text":96705},"What set.clear() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":95815,"depth":88,"text":96709,"children":96710},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[96711,96713],{"id":95828,"depth":104,"text":96712},"Using clear()",{"id":95932,"depth":104,"text":96714},"Using set()",{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":96717},[96718,96720,96722,96724],{"id":96244,"depth":104,"text":96719},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":96369,"depth":104,"text":96721},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":96396,"depth":104,"text":96723},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":96511,"depth":104,"text":96512},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":96726},[96727,96729,96731,96732],{"id":96617,"depth":104,"text":96728},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":96627,"depth":104,"text":96730},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":96636,"depth":104,"text":96637},{"id":96648,"depth":104,"text":96733},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":95565,"description":96735},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":96742,"title":96743,"body":96744,"description":98576,"extension":1667,"meta":98577,"navigation":318,"path":94508,"seo":98578,"stem":98579,"__hash__":98580},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":9,"value":96745,"toc":98533},[96746,96749,96752,96755,96757,96860,96864,96911,96917,96919,96938,96942,96945,96947,96961,96970,96974,96977,97012,97016,97036,97039,97043,97046,97107,97111,97136,97143,97149,97154,97156,97168,97172,97221,97225,97249,97256,97260,97301,97305,97326,97330,97363,97367,97408,97411,97415,97420,97459,97463,97488,97493,97499,97536,97540,97563,97567,97569,97572,97575,97652,97656,97693,97696,97700,97706,97709,97719,97768,97774,97780,97807,97810,97832,97834,97865,97868,97872,97876,97915,97919,97982,97985,98018,98022,98047,98049,98052,98058,98061,98088,98091,98109,98113,98117,98120,98163,98166,98170,98173,98176,98206,98209,98213,98216,98231,98236,98240,98243,98332,98334,98337,98427,98430,98448,98450,98454,98464,98468,98476,98480,98483,98487,98490,98494,98497,98499,98527,98530],[12,96747,96743],{"id":96748},"python-set-creating-a-set",[16,96750,96751],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[16,96753,96754],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[44,96756,1715],{"id":1714},[49,96758,96760],{"className":51,"code":96759,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[20,96761,96762,96782,96816,96826,96830,96840,96850],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96763,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96765,1725],{"class":286},[58,96767,290],{"class":77},[58,96769,8630],{"class":68},[58,96771,1079],{"class":81},[58,96773,1082],{"class":68},[58,96775,1085],{"class":81},[58,96777,1082],{"class":68},[58,96779,531],{"class":81},[58,96781,7447],{"class":68},[58,96783,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96785,2187],{"class":286},[58,96787,290],{"class":77},[58,96789,13782],{"class":991},[58,96791,1076],{"class":68},[58,96793,940],{"class":939},[58,96795,2196],{"class":943},[58,96797,940],{"class":939},[58,96799,1082],{"class":68},[58,96801,1450],{"class":939},[58,96803,2205],{"class":943},[58,96805,940],{"class":939},[58,96807,1082],{"class":68},[58,96809,1450],{"class":939},[58,96811,2196],{"class":943},[58,96813,940],{"class":939},[58,96815,2004],{"class":68},[58,96817,96818,96820,96822,96824],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,96819,96467],{"class":286},[58,96821,290],{"class":77},[58,96823,13782],{"class":991},[58,96825,6779],{"class":68},[58,96827,96828],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,96829,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,96831,96832,96834,96836,96838],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,96833,65],{"class":64},[58,96835,69],{"class":68},[58,96837,1757],{"class":239},[58,96839,243],{"class":68},[58,96841,96842,96844,96846,96848],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,96843,65],{"class":64},[58,96845,69],{"class":68},[58,96847,2231],{"class":239},[58,96849,243],{"class":68},[58,96851,96852,96854,96856,96858],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,96853,65],{"class":64},[58,96855,69],{"class":68},[58,96857,96486],{"class":239},[58,96859,243],{"class":68},[16,96861,96862],{},[1855,96863,132],{},[49,96865,96867],{"className":51,"code":96866,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[20,96868,96869,96885,96905],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96870,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96872,7416],{"class":68},[58,96874,1079],{"class":81},[58,96876,1082],{"class":68},[58,96878,1085],{"class":81},[58,96880,1082],{"class":68},[58,96882,531],{"class":81},[58,96884,7447],{"class":68},[58,96886,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899,96901,96903],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,96888,7416],{"class":68},[58,96890,1396],{"class":939},[58,96892,2205],{"class":943},[58,96894,1396],{"class":939},[58,96896,1082],{"class":68},[58,96898,1391],{"class":939},[58,96900,2196],{"class":943},[58,96902,1396],{"class":939},[58,96904,7447],{"class":68},[58,96906,96907,96909],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,96908,4414],{"class":991},[58,96910,6779],{"class":68},[16,96912,96913,96914,96916],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[20,96915,1910],{}," for an empty set.",[44,96918,13311],{"id":13310},[28,96920,96921,96924,96929,96932,96935],{},[31,96922,96923],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[31,96925,96926,96927],{},"How to create a set with ",[20,96928,1910],{},[31,96930,96931],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[31,96933,96934],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[31,96936,96937],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[44,96939,96941],{"id":96940},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[16,96943,96944],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[16,96946,28697],{},[28,96948,96949,96952,96955,96958],{},[31,96950,96951],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[31,96953,96954],{},"Sets are unordered",[31,96956,96957],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[31,96959,96960],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[16,96962,96963,96964,966,96966,499],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[374,96965,94505],{"href":95676},[374,96967,96969],{"href":96968},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[44,96971,96973],{"id":96972},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[16,96975,96976],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[49,96978,96980],{"className":51,"code":96979,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,96981,96982,97002],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,96985,1725],{"class":286},[58,96987,290],{"class":77},[58,96989,8630],{"class":68},[58,96991,1079],{"class":81},[58,96993,1082],{"class":68},[58,96995,1085],{"class":81},[58,96997,1082],{"class":68},[58,96999,531],{"class":81},[58,97001,7447],{"class":68},[58,97003,97004,97006,97008,97010],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97005,65],{"class":64},[58,97007,69],{"class":68},[58,97009,1757],{"class":239},[58,97011,243],{"class":68},[16,97013,97014],{},[1855,97015,28186],{},[49,97017,97018],{"className":51,"code":94784,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,97019,97020],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97021,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97023,7416],{"class":68},[58,97025,1079],{"class":81},[58,97027,1082],{"class":68},[58,97029,1085],{"class":81},[58,97031,1082],{"class":68},[58,97033,531],{"class":81},[58,97035,7447],{"class":68},[16,97037,97038],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[617,97040,97042],{"id":97041},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[16,97044,97045],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[49,97047,97049],{"className":51,"code":97048,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[20,97050,97051,97083,97093],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97052,97053,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077,97079,97081],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97054,1725],{"class":286},[58,97056,290],{"class":77},[58,97058,8630],{"class":68},[58,97060,1079],{"class":81},[58,97062,1082],{"class":68},[58,97064,1085],{"class":81},[58,97066,1082],{"class":68},[58,97068,1085],{"class":81},[58,97070,1082],{"class":68},[58,97072,531],{"class":81},[58,97074,1082],{"class":68},[58,97076,531],{"class":81},[58,97078,1082],{"class":68},[58,97080,531],{"class":81},[58,97082,7447],{"class":68},[58,97084,97085,97087,97089,97091],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97086,65],{"class":64},[58,97088,69],{"class":68},[58,97090,1757],{"class":239},[58,97092,243],{"class":68},[58,97094,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103,97105],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,97096,65],{"class":64},[58,97098,69],{"class":68},[58,97100,9303],{"class":64},[58,97102,69],{"class":68},[58,97104,1757],{"class":239},[58,97106,85],{"class":68},[16,97108,97109],{},[1855,97110,28186],{},[49,97112,97114],{"className":51,"code":97113,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[20,97115,97116,97132],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97117,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97119,7416],{"class":68},[58,97121,1079],{"class":81},[58,97123,1082],{"class":68},[58,97125,1085],{"class":81},[58,97127,1082],{"class":68},[58,97129,531],{"class":81},[58,97131,7447],{"class":68},[58,97133,97134],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97135,44785],{"class":81},[16,97137,19130,97138,2512,97140,97142],{},[20,97139,117],{},[20,97141,123],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[44,97144,97146,97147],{"id":97145},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[20,97148,1910],{},[16,97150,155,97151,97153],{},[20,97152,1910],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[16,97155,3582],{},[28,97157,97158,97160,97162,97164],{},[31,97159,95264],{},[31,97161,94560],{},[31,97163,54636],{},[31,97165,97166],{},[20,97167,34360],{},[617,97169,97171],{"id":97170},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[49,97173,97175],{"className":51,"code":97174,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,97176,97177,97211],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97178,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97180,1725],{"class":286},[58,97182,290],{"class":77},[58,97184,13782],{"class":991},[58,97186,1076],{"class":68},[58,97188,1079],{"class":81},[58,97190,1082],{"class":68},[58,97192,1085],{"class":81},[58,97194,1082],{"class":68},[58,97196,1085],{"class":81},[58,97198,1082],{"class":68},[58,97200,531],{"class":81},[58,97202,1082],{"class":68},[58,97204,531],{"class":81},[58,97206,1082],{"class":68},[58,97208,537],{"class":81},[58,97210,2004],{"class":68},[58,97212,97213,97215,97217,97219],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97214,65],{"class":64},[58,97216,69],{"class":68},[58,97218,1757],{"class":239},[58,97220,243],{"class":68},[16,97222,97223],{},[1855,97224,28186],{},[49,97226,97227],{"className":51,"code":94447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,97228,97229],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97230,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241,97243,97245,97247],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97232,7416],{"class":68},[58,97234,1079],{"class":81},[58,97236,1082],{"class":68},[58,97238,1085],{"class":81},[58,97240,1082],{"class":68},[58,97242,531],{"class":81},[58,97244,1082],{"class":68},[58,97246,537],{"class":81},[58,97248,7447],{"class":68},[16,97250,97251,97252,499],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[374,97253,97255],{"href":97254},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[617,97257,97259],{"id":97258},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[49,97261,97263],{"className":51,"code":97262,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[20,97264,97265,97291],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97266,97267,97269,97271,97273,97275,97277,97279,97281,97283,97285,97287,97289],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97268,1936],{"class":286},[58,97270,290],{"class":77},[58,97272,13782],{"class":991},[58,97274,3636],{"class":68},[58,97276,408],{"class":81},[58,97278,1082],{"class":68},[58,97280,5922],{"class":81},[58,97282,1082],{"class":68},[58,97284,5922],{"class":81},[58,97286,1082],{"class":68},[58,97288,5927],{"class":81},[58,97290,85],{"class":68},[58,97292,97293,97295,97297,97299],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97294,65],{"class":64},[58,97296,69],{"class":68},[58,97298,3483],{"class":239},[58,97300,243],{"class":68},[16,97302,97303],{},[1855,97304,28186],{},[49,97306,97308],{"className":51,"code":97307,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[20,97309,97310],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97311,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320,97322,97324],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97313,7416],{"class":68},[58,97315,408],{"class":81},[58,97317,1082],{"class":68},[58,97319,5922],{"class":81},[58,97321,1082],{"class":68},[58,97323,5927],{"class":81},[58,97325,7447],{"class":68},[617,97327,97329],{"id":97328},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[49,97331,97333],{"className":51,"code":97332,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,97334,97335,97353],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97336,97337,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97338,34252],{"class":286},[58,97340,290],{"class":77},[58,97342,13782],{"class":991},[58,97344,69],{"class":68},[58,97346,940],{"class":939},[58,97348,1959],{"class":943},[58,97350,940],{"class":939},[58,97352,243],{"class":68},[58,97354,97355,97357,97359,97361],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97356,65],{"class":64},[58,97358,69],{"class":68},[58,97360,34305],{"class":239},[58,97362,243],{"class":68},[16,97364,97365],{},[1855,97366,28186],{},[49,97368,97370],{"className":51,"code":97369,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[20,97371,97372],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97373,97374,97376,97378,97380,97382,97384,97386,97388,97390,97392,97394,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97375,7416],{"class":68},[58,97377,1396],{"class":939},[58,97379,58611],{"class":943},[58,97381,1396],{"class":939},[58,97383,1082],{"class":68},[58,97385,1391],{"class":939},[58,97387,58620],{"class":943},[58,97389,1396],{"class":939},[58,97391,1082],{"class":68},[58,97393,1391],{"class":939},[58,97395,58629],{"class":943},[58,97397,1396],{"class":939},[58,97399,1082],{"class":68},[58,97401,1391],{"class":939},[58,97403,58646],{"class":943},[58,97405,1396],{"class":939},[58,97407,7447],{"class":68},[16,97409,97410],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[44,97412,97414],{"id":97413},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[16,97416,97417,97418,499],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[20,97419,1910],{},[49,97421,97423],{"className":51,"code":97422,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[20,97424,97425,97435,97445],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97426,97427,97429,97431,97433],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97428,96467],{"class":286},[58,97430,290],{"class":77},[58,97432,13782],{"class":991},[58,97434,6779],{"class":68},[58,97436,97437,97439,97441,97443],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97438,65],{"class":64},[58,97440,69],{"class":68},[58,97442,96486],{"class":239},[58,97444,243],{"class":68},[58,97446,97447,97449,97451,97453,97455,97457],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,97448,65],{"class":64},[58,97450,69],{"class":68},[58,97452,1316],{"class":991},[58,97454,69],{"class":68},[58,97456,96486],{"class":239},[58,97458,85],{"class":68},[16,97460,97461],{},[1855,97462,132],{},[49,97464,97466],{"className":51,"code":97465,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[20,97467,97468,97474],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97469,97470,97472],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97471,4414],{"class":991},[58,97473,6779],{"class":68},[58,97475,97476,97478,97480,97482,97484,97486],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97477,1385],{"class":77},[58,97479,1388],{"class":126},[58,97481,1391],{"class":939},[58,97483,4414],{"class":943},[58,97485,1396],{"class":939},[58,97487,1399],{"class":77},[617,97489,42596,97491],{"id":97490},"do-not-use",[20,97492,1905],{},[16,97494,97495,97496,97498],{},"Empty braces do ",[1855,97497,2751],{}," create a set.",[49,97500,97502],{"className":51,"code":97501,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[20,97503,97504,97512,97522],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97505,97506,97508,97510],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97507,96411],{"class":286},[58,97509,290],{"class":77},[58,97511,7977],{"class":68},[58,97513,97514,97516,97518,97520],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97515,65],{"class":64},[58,97517,69],{"class":68},[58,97519,96428],{"class":239},[58,97521,243],{"class":68},[58,97523,97524,97526,97528,97530,97532,97534],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,97525,65],{"class":64},[58,97527,69],{"class":68},[58,97529,1316],{"class":991},[58,97531,69],{"class":68},[58,97533,96428],{"class":239},[58,97535,85],{"class":68},[16,97537,97538],{},[1855,97539,132],{},[49,97541,97543],{"className":51,"code":97542,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[20,97544,97545,97549],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97546,97547],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97548,7573],{"class":68},[58,97550,97551,97553,97555,97557,97559,97561],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97552,1385],{"class":77},[58,97554,1388],{"class":126},[58,97556,1391],{"class":939},[58,97558,6958],{"class":943},[58,97560,1396],{"class":939},[58,97562,1399],{"class":77},[16,97564,97565,6925],{},[20,97566,1905],{},[44,97568,70443],{"id":70442},[16,97570,97571],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[16,97573,97574],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[49,97576,97578],{"className":51,"code":97577,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[20,97579,97580,97628,97638],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97581,97582,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600,97602,97604,97606,97608,97610,97612,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622,97624,97626],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97583,2187],{"class":286},[58,97585,290],{"class":77},[58,97587,8630],{"class":68},[58,97589,940],{"class":939},[58,97591,2196],{"class":943},[58,97593,940],{"class":939},[58,97595,1082],{"class":68},[58,97597,1450],{"class":939},[58,97599,2205],{"class":943},[58,97601,940],{"class":939},[58,97603,1082],{"class":68},[58,97605,1450],{"class":939},[58,97607,2196],{"class":943},[58,97609,940],{"class":939},[58,97611,1082],{"class":68},[58,97613,1450],{"class":939},[58,97615,2196],{"class":943},[58,97617,940],{"class":939},[58,97619,1082],{"class":68},[58,97621,1450],{"class":939},[58,97623,31379],{"class":943},[58,97625,940],{"class":939},[58,97627,7447],{"class":68},[58,97629,97630,97632,97634,97636],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97631,65],{"class":64},[58,97633,69],{"class":68},[58,97635,2231],{"class":239},[58,97637,243],{"class":68},[58,97639,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,97641,65],{"class":64},[58,97643,69],{"class":68},[58,97645,9303],{"class":64},[58,97647,69],{"class":68},[58,97649,2231],{"class":239},[58,97651,85],{"class":68},[16,97653,97654],{},[1855,97655,28186],{},[49,97657,97659],{"className":51,"code":97658,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[20,97660,97661,97689],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97662,97663,97665,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97664,7416],{"class":68},[58,97666,1396],{"class":939},[58,97668,2205],{"class":943},[58,97670,1396],{"class":939},[58,97672,1082],{"class":68},[58,97674,1391],{"class":939},[58,97676,31379],{"class":943},[58,97678,1396],{"class":939},[58,97680,1082],{"class":68},[58,97682,1391],{"class":939},[58,97684,2196],{"class":943},[58,97686,1396],{"class":939},[58,97688,7447],{"class":68},[58,97690,97691],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97692,44785],{"class":81},[16,97694,97695],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[44,97697,97699],{"id":97698},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[16,97701,97702,97703,97705],{},"Set items must be ",[1855,97704,94548],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[16,97707,97708],{},"These usually work:",[28,97710,97711,97713,97715,97717],{},[31,97712,54633],{},[31,97714,54636],{},[31,97716,94560],{},[31,97718,38760],{},[49,97720,97722],{"className":51,"code":97721,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[20,97723,97724,97758],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97725,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742,97744,97746,97748,97750,97752,97754,97756],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97727,1936],{"class":286},[58,97729,290],{"class":77},[58,97731,8630],{"class":68},[58,97733,1079],{"class":81},[58,97735,1082],{"class":68},[58,97737,1450],{"class":939},[58,97739,2196],{"class":943},[58,97741,940],{"class":939},[58,97743,1082],{"class":68},[58,97745,7374],{"class":68},[58,97747,408],{"class":81},[58,97749,1082],{"class":68},[58,97751,5922],{"class":81},[58,97753,7371],{"class":68},[58,97755,2032],{"class":1966},[58,97757,7447],{"class":68},[58,97759,97760,97762,97764,97766],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97761,65],{"class":64},[58,97763,69],{"class":68},[58,97765,3483],{"class":239},[58,97767,243],{"class":68},[16,97769,97770,97771,97773],{},"These do ",[1855,97772,2751],{}," work directly:",[28,97775,97776,97778],{},[31,97777,95264],{},[31,97779,95267],{},[49,97781,97783],{"className":51,"code":97782,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[20,97784,97785],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97786,97787,97790,97792,97795,97797,97799,97801,97803,97805],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97788,97789],{"class":286},"bad_set ",[58,97791,290],{"class":77},[58,97793,97794],{"class":68}," {[",[58,97796,1079],{"class":81},[58,97798,1082],{"class":68},[58,97800,1085],{"class":81},[58,97802,1082],{"class":68},[58,97804,531],{"class":81},[58,97806,11853],{"class":68},[16,97808,97809],{},"This raises an error:",[49,97811,97812],{"className":51,"code":95323,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,97813,97814],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97815,97816,97818,97820,97822,97824,97826,97828,97830],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97817,1098],{"class":991},[58,97819,973],{"class":68},[58,97821,95334],{"class":286},[58,97823,1316],{"class":991},[58,97825,973],{"class":68},[58,97827,1391],{"class":939},[58,97829,6227],{"class":943},[58,97831,27856],{"class":939},[16,97833,50250],{},[49,97835,97837],{"className":51,"code":97836,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[20,97838,97839],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97840,97841,97843,97845,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97842,97789],{"class":286},[58,97844,290],{"class":77},[58,97846,97847],{"class":68}," {{",[58,97849,940],{"class":939},[58,97851,5799],{"class":943},[58,97853,940],{"class":939},[58,97855,973],{"class":68},[58,97857,1450],{"class":939},[58,97859,5808],{"class":943},[58,97861,940],{"class":939},[58,97863,97864],{"class":68},"}}\n",[16,97866,97867],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[44,97869,97871],{"id":97870},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[617,97873,97875],{"id":97874},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[49,97877,97879],{"className":51,"code":97878,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,97880,97881,97905],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97882,97883,97885,97887,97889,97891,97893,97895,97897,97899,97901,97903],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97884,1725],{"class":286},[58,97886,290],{"class":77},[58,97888,8630],{"class":68},[58,97890,1079],{"class":81},[58,97892,1082],{"class":68},[58,97894,1085],{"class":81},[58,97896,1082],{"class":68},[58,97898,531],{"class":81},[58,97900,1082],{"class":68},[58,97902,537],{"class":81},[58,97904,7447],{"class":68},[58,97906,97907,97909,97911,97913],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97908,65],{"class":64},[58,97910,69],{"class":68},[58,97912,1757],{"class":239},[58,97914,243],{"class":68},[617,97916,97918],{"id":97917},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[49,97920,97922],{"className":51,"code":97921,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[20,97923,97924,97952,97967,97971],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97925,97926,97928,97930,97932,97934,97936,97938,97940,97942,97944,97946,97948,97950],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97927,5911],{"class":286},[58,97929,290],{"class":77},[58,97931,1730],{"class":68},[58,97933,1079],{"class":81},[58,97935,1082],{"class":68},[58,97937,3623],{"class":81},[58,97939,1082],{"class":68},[58,97941,1085],{"class":81},[58,97943,1082],{"class":68},[58,97945,531],{"class":81},[58,97947,1082],{"class":68},[58,97949,531],{"class":81},[58,97951,1743],{"class":68},[58,97953,97954,97957,97959,97961,97963,97965],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,97955,97956],{"class":286},"unique_items ",[58,97958,290],{"class":77},[58,97960,13782],{"class":991},[58,97962,69],{"class":68},[58,97964,5942],{"class":239},[58,97966,243],{"class":68},[58,97968,97969],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,97970,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,97972,97973,97975,97977,97980],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,97974,65],{"class":64},[58,97976,69],{"class":68},[58,97978,97979],{"class":239},"unique_items",[58,97981,243],{"class":68},[617,97983,97329],{"id":97984},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[49,97986,97988],{"className":51,"code":97987,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,97989,97990,98008],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,97991,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000,98002,98004,98006],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,97993,34252],{"class":286},[58,97995,290],{"class":77},[58,97997,13782],{"class":991},[58,97999,69],{"class":68},[58,98001,940],{"class":939},[58,98003,2205],{"class":943},[58,98005,940],{"class":939},[58,98007,243],{"class":68},[58,98009,98010,98012,98014,98016],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98011,65],{"class":64},[58,98013,69],{"class":68},[58,98015,34305],{"class":239},[58,98017,243],{"class":68},[617,98019,98021],{"id":98020},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[49,98023,98025],{"className":51,"code":98024,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[20,98026,98027,98037],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98028,98029,98031,98033,98035],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98030,96467],{"class":286},[58,98032,290],{"class":77},[58,98034,13782],{"class":991},[58,98036,6779],{"class":68},[58,98038,98039,98041,98043,98045],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98040,65],{"class":64},[58,98042,69],{"class":68},[58,98044,96486],{"class":239},[58,98046,243],{"class":68},[44,98048,914],{"id":913},[16,98050,98051],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[617,98053,6552,98055,98057],{"id":98054},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[20,98056,1905],{}," and expecting an empty set",[16,98059,98060],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[49,98062,98064],{"className":51,"code":98063,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[20,98065,98066,98074],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98067,98068,98070,98072],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98069,526],{"class":286},[58,98071,290],{"class":77},[58,98073,7977],{"class":68},[58,98075,98076,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98077,65],{"class":64},[58,98079,69],{"class":68},[58,98081,1316],{"class":991},[58,98083,69],{"class":68},[58,98085,553],{"class":239},[58,98087,85],{"class":68},[16,98089,98090],{},"This prints:",[49,98092,98093],{"className":51,"code":6945,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,98094,98095],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98098,1385],{"class":77},[58,98100,1388],{"class":126},[58,98102,1391],{"class":939},[58,98104,6958],{"class":943},[58,98106,1396],{"class":939},[58,98108,1399],{"class":77},[16,98110,155,98111,4760],{},[20,98112,1910],{},[617,98114,98116],{"id":98115},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[16,98118,98119],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[49,98121,98123],{"className":51,"code":98122,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,98124,98125,98153],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98126,98127,98129,98131,98133,98135,98137,98139,98141,98143,98145,98147,98149,98151],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98128,1725],{"class":286},[58,98130,290],{"class":77},[58,98132,8630],{"class":68},[58,98134,1079],{"class":81},[58,98136,1082],{"class":68},[58,98138,3623],{"class":81},[58,98140,1082],{"class":68},[58,98142,1085],{"class":81},[58,98144,1082],{"class":68},[58,98146,1085],{"class":81},[58,98148,1082],{"class":68},[58,98150,531],{"class":81},[58,98152,7447],{"class":68},[58,98154,98155,98157,98159,98161],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98156,65],{"class":64},[58,98158,69],{"class":68},[58,98160,1757],{"class":239},[58,98162,243],{"class":68},[16,98164,98165],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[617,98167,98169],{"id":98168},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[16,98171,98172],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[16,98174,98175],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[49,98177,98179],{"className":51,"code":98178,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,98180,98181,98201],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98182,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98184,1725],{"class":286},[58,98186,290],{"class":77},[58,98188,8630],{"class":68},[58,98190,408],{"class":81},[58,98192,1082],{"class":68},[58,98194,5922],{"class":81},[58,98196,1082],{"class":68},[58,98198,5927],{"class":81},[58,98200,7447],{"class":68},[58,98202,98203],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98204,98205],{"class":1773},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[16,98207,98208],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[617,98210,98212],{"id":98211},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[16,98214,98215],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[49,98217,98219],{"className":51,"code":98218,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,98220,98221,98226],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98222,98223],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98224,98225],{"class":1773},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[58,98227,98228],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98229,98230],{"class":1773},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[16,98232,98233,98234,499],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[20,98235,1098],{},[617,98237,98239],{"id":98238},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[16,98241,98242],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[49,98244,98246],{"className":51,"code":98245,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[20,98247,98248,98268,98300,98304,98318],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98249,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98251,13777],{"class":286},[58,98253,290],{"class":77},[58,98255,8630],{"class":68},[58,98257,1079],{"class":81},[58,98259,1082],{"class":68},[58,98261,1085],{"class":81},[58,98263,1082],{"class":68},[58,98265,531],{"class":81},[58,98267,7447],{"class":68},[58,98269,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292,98294,98296,98298],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98271,9868],{"class":286},[58,98273,290],{"class":77},[58,98275,8630],{"class":68},[58,98277,940],{"class":939},[58,98279,374],{"class":943},[58,98281,940],{"class":939},[58,98283,973],{"class":68},[58,98285,3623],{"class":81},[58,98287,1082],{"class":68},[58,98289,1450],{"class":939},[58,98291,2882],{"class":943},[58,98293,940],{"class":939},[58,98295,973],{"class":68},[58,98297,1085],{"class":81},[58,98299,7447],{"class":68},[58,98301,98302],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,98303,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,98305,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,98307,65],{"class":64},[58,98309,69],{"class":68},[58,98311,1316],{"class":991},[58,98313,69],{"class":68},[58,98315,13815],{"class":239},[58,98317,85],{"class":68},[58,98319,98320,98322,98324,98326,98328,98330],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,98321,65],{"class":64},[58,98323,69],{"class":68},[58,98325,1316],{"class":991},[58,98327,69],{"class":68},[58,98329,9592],{"class":239},[58,98331,85],{"class":68},[44,98333,90960],{"id":90959},[16,98335,98336],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[49,98338,98340],{"className":51,"code":98339,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[20,98341,98342,98368,98372,98386,98396,98410,98417],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98343,98344,98346,98348,98350,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98345,13777],{"class":286},[58,98347,290],{"class":77},[58,98349,13782],{"class":991},[58,98351,1076],{"class":68},[58,98353,1079],{"class":81},[58,98355,1082],{"class":68},[58,98357,1085],{"class":81},[58,98359,1082],{"class":68},[58,98361,1085],{"class":81},[58,98363,1082],{"class":68},[58,98365,531],{"class":81},[58,98367,2004],{"class":68},[58,98369,98370],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98371,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,98373,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,98375,65],{"class":64},[58,98377,69],{"class":68},[58,98379,1316],{"class":991},[58,98381,69],{"class":68},[58,98383,13815],{"class":239},[58,98385,85],{"class":68},[58,98387,98388,98390,98392,98394],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,98389,65],{"class":64},[58,98391,69],{"class":68},[58,98393,13815],{"class":239},[58,98395,243],{"class":68},[58,98397,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,98399,65],{"class":64},[58,98401,69],{"class":68},[58,98403,9303],{"class":64},[58,98405,69],{"class":68},[58,98407,13815],{"class":239},[58,98409,85],{"class":68},[58,98411,98412,98414],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,98413,65],{"class":64},[58,98415,98416],{"class":68},"({})\n",[58,98418,98419,98421,98423,98425],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,98420,65],{"class":64},[58,98422,69],{"class":68},[58,98424,4414],{"class":991},[58,98426,5324],{"class":68},[16,98428,98429],{},"Use these to confirm:",[28,98431,98432,98435,98438,98441],{},[31,98433,98434],{},"The object type",[31,98436,98437],{},"The actual values stored",[31,98439,98440],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[31,98442,98443,98444,2512,98446],{},"The difference between ",[20,98445,1905],{},[20,98447,1910],{},[44,98449,1555],{"id":1554},[617,98451,98453],{"id":98452},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[16,98455,98456,98457,98460,98461,98463],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[20,98458,98459],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[20,98462,1910],{}," with another iterable.",[617,98465,98467],{"id":98466},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[16,98469,155,98470,98472,98473,98475],{},[20,98471,1910],{},". Empty braces ",[20,98474,1905],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[617,98477,98479],{"id":98478},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[16,98481,98482],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[617,98484,98486],{"id":98485},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[16,98488,98489],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[617,98491,98493],{"id":98492},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[16,98495,98496],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[44,98498,1603],{"id":1602},[28,98500,98501,98505,98511,98517,98522],{},[31,98502,98503],{},[374,98504,94505],{"href":95676},[31,98506,98507],{},[374,98508,1681,98509,8881],{"href":96677},[20,98510,94385],{},[31,98512,98513],{},[374,98514,1681,98515,8881],{"href":96696},[20,98516,95491],{},[31,98518,98519],{},[374,98520,98521],{"href":97254},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[31,98523,98524],{},[374,98525,98526],{"href":96968},"What is a set in Python?",[16,98528,98529],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1635,98531,98532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":98534},[98535,98536,98537,98538,98541,98547,98551,98552,98553,98559,98567,98568,98575],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":13310,"depth":88,"text":13311},{"id":96940,"depth":88,"text":96941},{"id":96972,"depth":88,"text":96973,"children":98539},[98540],{"id":97041,"depth":104,"text":97042},{"id":97145,"depth":88,"text":98542,"children":98543},"Create a set with set()",[98544,98545,98546],{"id":97170,"depth":104,"text":97171},{"id":97258,"depth":104,"text":97259},{"id":97328,"depth":104,"text":97329},{"id":97413,"depth":88,"text":97414,"children":98548},[98549],{"id":97490,"depth":104,"text":98550},"Do not use {}",{"id":70442,"depth":88,"text":70443},{"id":97698,"depth":88,"text":97699},{"id":97870,"depth":88,"text":97871,"children":98554},[98555,98556,98557,98558],{"id":97874,"depth":104,"text":97875},{"id":97917,"depth":104,"text":97918},{"id":97984,"depth":104,"text":97329},{"id":98020,"depth":104,"text":98021},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":98560},[98561,98563,98564,98565,98566],{"id":98054,"depth":104,"text":98562},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":98115,"depth":104,"text":98116},{"id":98168,"depth":104,"text":98169},{"id":98211,"depth":104,"text":98212},{"id":98238,"depth":104,"text":98239},{"id":90959,"depth":88,"text":90960},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":98569},[98570,98571,98572,98573,98574],{"id":98452,"depth":104,"text":98453},{"id":98466,"depth":104,"text":98467},{"id":98478,"depth":104,"text":98479},{"id":98485,"depth":104,"text":98486},{"id":98492,"depth":104,"text":98493},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":96743,"description":98576},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":98582,"title":98583,"body":98584,"description":101015,"extension":1667,"meta":101016,"navigation":318,"path":101017,"seo":101018,"stem":101019,"__hash__":101020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":9,"value":98585,"toc":100980},[98586,98592,98598,98601,98603,98680,98682,98699,98709,98711,98716,98724,98726,98742,98746,98748,98750,98753,98774,98777,98801,98807,98809,98906,98908,98925,98935,98937,98939,98947,98949,98960,98962,99053,99055,99079,99090,99092,99094,99097,99227,99229,99302,99304,99325,99328,99330,99336,99341,99344,99471,99473,99490,99493,99495,99503,99506,99510,99518,99609,99611,99648,99653,99660,99737,99739,99755,99760,99765,99767,99776,99784,99865,99867,99896,99899,99903,99914,99917,100000,100002,100023,100029,100031,100033,100037,100041,100048,100113,100115,100135,100138,100207,100209,100225,100229,100235,100247,100255,100257,100342,100344,100373,100376,100380,100385,100387,100437,100440,100521,100523,100539,100543,100546,100621,100624,100628,100631,100708,100710,100743,100749,100753,100756,100891,100893,100907,100909,100911,100917,100920,100927,100935,100941,100944,100948,100951,100953,100955,100977],[12,98587,94377,98589,9464],{"id":98588},"python-set-difference-method",[20,98590,98591],{},"difference()",[16,98593,98594,98597],{},[20,98595,98596],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[16,98599,98600],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[44,98602,1715],{"id":1714},[49,98604,98606],{"className":51,"code":98605,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[20,98607,98608,98632,98652,98670],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98609,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98611,637],{"class":286},[58,98613,290],{"class":77},[58,98615,8630],{"class":68},[58,98617,1079],{"class":81},[58,98619,1082],{"class":68},[58,98621,1085],{"class":81},[58,98623,1082],{"class":68},[58,98625,531],{"class":81},[58,98627,1082],{"class":68},[58,98629,537],{"class":81},[58,98631,7447],{"class":68},[58,98633,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646,98648,98650],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98635,665],{"class":286},[58,98637,290],{"class":77},[58,98639,8630],{"class":68},[58,98641,123],{"class":81},[58,98643,1082],{"class":68},[58,98645,537],{"class":81},[58,98647,1082],{"class":68},[58,98649,2725],{"class":81},[58,98651,7447],{"class":68},[58,98653,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666,98668],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,98655,301],{"class":286},[58,98657,290],{"class":77},[58,98659,55059],{"class":286},[58,98661,499],{"class":68},[58,98663,895],{"class":239},[58,98665,69],{"class":68},[58,98667,2882],{"class":239},[58,98669,243],{"class":68},[58,98671,98672,98674,98676,98678],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,98673,65],{"class":64},[58,98675,69],{"class":68},[58,98677,340],{"class":239},[58,98679,243],{"class":68},[16,98681,132],{},[49,98683,98685],{"className":51,"code":98684,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2}\n",[20,98686,98687],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98688,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98690,7416],{"class":68},[58,98692,1079],{"class":81},[58,98694,1082],{"class":68},[58,98696,1085],{"class":81},[58,98698,7447],{"class":68},[16,98700,98701,98703,98704,98706,98707,499],{},[20,98702,98591],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[20,98705,374],{}," that are not in ",[20,98708,2882],{},[43084,98710],{},[44,98712,1788,98714,1791],{"id":98713},"what-difference-does",[20,98715,98591],{},[16,98717,18,98718,98720,98721,98723],{},[20,98719,98591],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[1855,98722,2751],{}," appear in the other set.",[16,98725,11198],{},[28,98727,98728,98733,98736,98739],{},[31,98729,98730,98732],{},[20,98731,98591],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[31,98734,98735],{},"It creates a new set",[31,98737,98738],{},"It does not change the original set",[31,98740,98741],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[16,98743,94501,98744,499],{},[374,98745,94505],{"href":95676},[43084,98747],{},[44,98749,222],{"id":221},[16,98751,98752],{},"Use this form:",[49,98754,98756],{"className":51,"code":98755,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[20,98757,98758],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98759,98760,98763,98765,98767,98769,98772],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98761,98762],{"class":286},"set1",[58,98764,499],{"class":68},[58,98766,895],{"class":239},[58,98768,69],{"class":68},[58,98770,98771],{"class":239},"set2",[58,98773,243],{"class":68},[16,98775,98776],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[49,98778,98780],{"className":51,"code":98779,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[20,98781,98782],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98783,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792,98794,98796,98799],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98785,98762],{"class":286},[58,98787,499],{"class":68},[58,98789,895],{"class":239},[58,98791,69],{"class":68},[58,98793,98771],{"class":239},[58,98795,1082],{"class":68},[58,98797,98798],{"class":239}," set3",[58,98800,243],{"class":68},[16,98802,98803,98804,98806],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[1855,98805,3478],{}," of the other sets.",[16,98808,276],{},[49,98810,98812],{"className":51,"code":98811,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[20,98813,98814,98842,98858,98870,98874,98896],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98815,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98817,637],{"class":286},[58,98819,290],{"class":77},[58,98821,8630],{"class":68},[58,98823,1079],{"class":81},[58,98825,1082],{"class":68},[58,98827,1085],{"class":81},[58,98829,1082],{"class":68},[58,98831,531],{"class":81},[58,98833,1082],{"class":68},[58,98835,537],{"class":81},[58,98837,1082],{"class":68},[58,98839,2725],{"class":81},[58,98841,7447],{"class":68},[58,98843,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98845,665],{"class":286},[58,98847,290],{"class":77},[58,98849,8630],{"class":68},[58,98851,117],{"class":81},[58,98853,1082],{"class":68},[58,98855,531],{"class":81},[58,98857,7447],{"class":68},[58,98859,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,98861,81360],{"class":286},[58,98863,290],{"class":77},[58,98865,8630],{"class":68},[58,98867,200],{"class":81},[58,98869,7447],{"class":68},[58,98871,98872],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,98873,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,98875,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,98877,301],{"class":286},[58,98879,290],{"class":77},[58,98881,55059],{"class":286},[58,98883,499],{"class":68},[58,98885,895],{"class":239},[58,98887,69],{"class":68},[58,98889,2882],{"class":239},[58,98891,1082],{"class":68},[58,98893,7820],{"class":239},[58,98895,243],{"class":68},[58,98897,98898,98900,98902,98904],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,98899,65],{"class":64},[58,98901,69],{"class":68},[58,98903,340],{"class":239},[58,98905,243],{"class":68},[16,98907,132],{},[49,98909,98911],{"className":51,"code":98910,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 4}\n",[20,98912,98913],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98914,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98916,7416],{"class":68},[58,98918,1079],{"class":81},[58,98920,1082],{"class":68},[58,98922,537],{"class":81},[58,98924,7447],{"class":68},[16,98926,98927,98928,98930,98931,966,98933,499],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[20,98929,374],{}," and removes anything found in ",[20,98932,2882],{},[20,98934,7878],{},[43084,98936],{},[44,98938,15569],{"id":15568},[16,98940,98941,98943,98944,499],{},[20,98942,98591],{}," always returns a ",[1855,98945,98946],{},"new set",[16,98948,41817],{},[28,98950,98951,98954,98957],{},[31,98952,98953],{},"The return value is a new set",[31,98955,98956],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[31,98958,98959],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[16,98961,276],{},[49,98963,98965],{"className":51,"code":98964,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,98966,98967,98983,99003,99007,99025,99029,99039],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,98968,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,98970,637],{"class":286},[58,98972,290],{"class":77},[58,98974,8630],{"class":68},[58,98976,1079],{"class":81},[58,98978,1082],{"class":68},[58,98980,1085],{"class":81},[58,98982,7447],{"class":68},[58,98984,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,98986,665],{"class":286},[58,98988,290],{"class":77},[58,98990,8630],{"class":68},[58,98992,1079],{"class":81},[58,98994,1082],{"class":68},[58,98996,1085],{"class":81},[58,98998,1082],{"class":68},[58,99000,531],{"class":81},[58,99002,7447],{"class":68},[58,99004,99005],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99006,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99008,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,99010,301],{"class":286},[58,99012,290],{"class":77},[58,99014,55059],{"class":286},[58,99016,499],{"class":68},[58,99018,895],{"class":239},[58,99020,69],{"class":68},[58,99022,2882],{"class":239},[58,99024,243],{"class":68},[58,99026,99027],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,99028,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99030,99031,99033,99035,99037],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,99032,65],{"class":64},[58,99034,69],{"class":68},[58,99036,340],{"class":239},[58,99038,243],{"class":68},[58,99040,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,99042,65],{"class":64},[58,99044,69],{"class":68},[58,99046,1316],{"class":991},[58,99048,69],{"class":68},[58,99050,340],{"class":239},[58,99052,85],{"class":68},[16,99054,132],{},[49,99056,99057],{"className":51,"code":97465,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,99058,99059,99065],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99060,99061,99063],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99062,4414],{"class":991},[58,99064,6779],{"class":68},[58,99066,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99068,1385],{"class":77},[58,99070,1388],{"class":126},[58,99072,1391],{"class":939},[58,99074,4414],{"class":943},[58,99076,1396],{"class":939},[58,99078,1399],{"class":77},[16,99080,99081,99082,17115,99084,99086,99087,99089],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[20,99083,1910],{},[20,99085,1905],{},". In Python, ",[20,99088,1905],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[43084,99091],{},[44,99093,9618],{"id":9617},[16,99095,99096],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[49,99098,99100],{"className":51,"code":99099,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[20,99101,99102,99135,99168,99172,99192,99196,99206,99217],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99103,99104,99107,99109,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99105,99106],{"class":286},"fruits_a ",[58,99108,290],{"class":77},[58,99110,8630],{"class":68},[58,99112,940],{"class":939},[58,99114,2196],{"class":943},[58,99116,940],{"class":939},[58,99118,1082],{"class":68},[58,99120,1450],{"class":939},[58,99122,2205],{"class":943},[58,99124,940],{"class":939},[58,99126,1082],{"class":68},[58,99128,1450],{"class":939},[58,99130,31379],{"class":943},[58,99132,940],{"class":939},[58,99134,7447],{"class":68},[58,99136,99137,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99138,99139],{"class":286},"fruits_b ",[58,99141,290],{"class":77},[58,99143,8630],{"class":68},[58,99145,940],{"class":939},[58,99147,2205],{"class":943},[58,99149,940],{"class":939},[58,99151,1082],{"class":68},[58,99153,1450],{"class":939},[58,99155,31379],{"class":943},[58,99157,940],{"class":939},[58,99159,1082],{"class":68},[58,99161,1450],{"class":939},[58,99163,20686],{"class":943},[58,99165,940],{"class":939},[58,99167,7447],{"class":68},[58,99169,99170],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99171,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99173,99174,99176,99178,99181,99183,99185,99187,99190],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,99175,301],{"class":286},[58,99177,290],{"class":77},[58,99179,99180],{"class":286}," fruits_a",[58,99182,499],{"class":68},[58,99184,895],{"class":239},[58,99186,69],{"class":68},[58,99188,99189],{"class":239},"fruits_b",[58,99191,243],{"class":68},[58,99193,99194],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,99195,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99197,99198,99200,99202,99204],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,99199,65],{"class":64},[58,99201,69],{"class":68},[58,99203,340],{"class":239},[58,99205,243],{"class":68},[58,99207,99208,99210,99212,99215],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,99209,65],{"class":64},[58,99211,69],{"class":68},[58,99213,99214],{"class":239},"fruits_a",[58,99216,243],{"class":68},[58,99218,99219,99221,99223,99225],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,99220,65],{"class":64},[58,99222,69],{"class":68},[58,99224,99189],{"class":239},[58,99226,243],{"class":68},[16,99228,28186],{},[49,99230,99232],{"className":51,"code":99231,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[20,99233,99234,99246,99274],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99235,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99237,7416],{"class":68},[58,99239,1396],{"class":939},[58,99241,2196],{"class":943},[58,99243,1396],{"class":939},[58,99245,7447],{"class":68},[58,99247,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99249,7416],{"class":68},[58,99251,1396],{"class":939},[58,99253,2205],{"class":943},[58,99255,1396],{"class":939},[58,99257,1082],{"class":68},[58,99259,1391],{"class":939},[58,99261,31379],{"class":943},[58,99263,1396],{"class":939},[58,99265,1082],{"class":68},[58,99267,1391],{"class":939},[58,99269,2196],{"class":943},[58,99271,1396],{"class":939},[58,99273,7447],{"class":68},[58,99275,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99277,7416],{"class":68},[58,99279,1396],{"class":939},[58,99281,2205],{"class":943},[58,99283,1396],{"class":939},[58,99285,1082],{"class":68},[58,99287,1391],{"class":939},[58,99289,31379],{"class":943},[58,99291,1396],{"class":939},[58,99293,1082],{"class":68},[58,99295,1391],{"class":939},[58,99297,20686],{"class":943},[58,99299,1396],{"class":939},[58,99301,7447],{"class":68},[16,99303,9827],{},[28,99305,99306,99311,99316,99322],{},[31,99307,99308,99309],{},"Start with ",[20,99310,99214],{},[31,99312,99313,99314],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[20,99315,99189],{},[31,99317,99318,99319,99321],{},"Only ",[20,99320,56005],{}," remains",[31,99323,99324],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[16,99326,99327],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[43084,99329],{},[44,99331,6552,99333,99335],{"id":99332},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[20,99334,98591],{}," with multiple sets",[16,99337,99338,99339,499],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[20,99340,98591],{},[16,99342,99343],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[49,99345,99347],{"className":51,"code":99346,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[20,99348,99349,99381,99398,99411,99428,99432,99461],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99350,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99352,1725],{"class":286},[58,99354,290],{"class":77},[58,99356,8630],{"class":68},[58,99358,1079],{"class":81},[58,99360,1082],{"class":68},[58,99362,1085],{"class":81},[58,99364,1082],{"class":68},[58,99366,531],{"class":81},[58,99368,1082],{"class":68},[58,99370,537],{"class":81},[58,99372,1082],{"class":68},[58,99374,2725],{"class":81},[58,99376,1082],{"class":68},[58,99378,35807],{"class":81},[58,99380,7447],{"class":68},[58,99382,99383,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99384,99385],{"class":286},"group_a ",[58,99387,290],{"class":77},[58,99389,8630],{"class":68},[58,99391,117],{"class":81},[58,99393,1082],{"class":68},[58,99395,537],{"class":81},[58,99397,7447],{"class":68},[58,99399,99400,99403,99405,99407,99409],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99401,99402],{"class":286},"group_b ",[58,99404,290],{"class":77},[58,99406,8630],{"class":68},[58,99408,200],{"class":81},[58,99410,7447],{"class":68},[58,99412,99413,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,99414,99415],{"class":286},"group_c ",[58,99417,290],{"class":77},[58,99419,8630],{"class":68},[58,99421,78768],{"class":81},[58,99423,1082],{"class":68},[58,99425,4120],{"class":81},[58,99427,7447],{"class":68},[58,99429,99430],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,99431,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99433,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99449,99451,99454,99456,99459],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,99435,301],{"class":286},[58,99437,290],{"class":77},[58,99439,2381],{"class":286},[58,99441,499],{"class":68},[58,99443,895],{"class":239},[58,99445,69],{"class":68},[58,99447,99448],{"class":239},"group_a",[58,99450,1082],{"class":68},[58,99452,99453],{"class":239}," group_b",[58,99455,1082],{"class":68},[58,99457,99458],{"class":239}," group_c",[58,99460,243],{"class":68},[58,99462,99463,99465,99467,99469],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,99464,65],{"class":64},[58,99466,69],{"class":68},[58,99468,340],{"class":239},[58,99470,243],{"class":68},[16,99472,132],{},[49,99474,99476],{"className":51,"code":99475,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 3}\n",[20,99477,99478],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99479,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99481,7416],{"class":68},[58,99483,1079],{"class":81},[58,99485,1082],{"class":68},[58,99487,531],{"class":81},[58,99489,7447],{"class":68},[16,99491,99492],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[43084,99494],{},[44,99496,99498,8725,99500],{"id":99497},"difference-vs-difference_update",[20,99499,98591],{},[20,99501,99502],{},"difference_update()",[16,99504,99505],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[617,99507,99508],{"id":895},[20,99509,98591],{},[28,99511,99512,99515],{},[31,99513,99514],{},"Returns a new set",[31,99516,99517],{},"Does not change the original set",[49,99519,99521],{"className":51,"code":99520,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[20,99522,99523,99547,99563,99567,99585,99589,99599],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99524,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99526,637],{"class":286},[58,99528,290],{"class":77},[58,99530,8630],{"class":68},[58,99532,1079],{"class":81},[58,99534,1082],{"class":68},[58,99536,1085],{"class":81},[58,99538,1082],{"class":68},[58,99540,531],{"class":81},[58,99542,1082],{"class":68},[58,99544,537],{"class":81},[58,99546,7447],{"class":68},[58,99548,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99550,665],{"class":286},[58,99552,290],{"class":77},[58,99554,8630],{"class":68},[58,99556,123],{"class":81},[58,99558,1082],{"class":68},[58,99560,537],{"class":81},[58,99562,7447],{"class":68},[58,99564,99565],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99566,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99568,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,99570,301],{"class":286},[58,99572,290],{"class":77},[58,99574,55059],{"class":286},[58,99576,499],{"class":68},[58,99578,895],{"class":239},[58,99580,69],{"class":68},[58,99582,2882],{"class":239},[58,99584,243],{"class":68},[58,99586,99587],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,99588,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99590,99591,99593,99595,99597],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,99592,65],{"class":64},[58,99594,69],{"class":68},[58,99596,340],{"class":239},[58,99598,243],{"class":68},[58,99600,99601,99603,99605,99607],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,99602,65],{"class":64},[58,99604,69],{"class":68},[58,99606,374],{"class":239},[58,99608,243],{"class":68},[16,99610,132],{},[49,99612,99614],{"className":51,"code":99613,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,99615,99616,99628],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99617,99618,99620,99622,99624,99626],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99619,7416],{"class":68},[58,99621,1079],{"class":81},[58,99623,1082],{"class":68},[58,99625,1085],{"class":81},[58,99627,7447],{"class":68},[58,99629,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99631,7416],{"class":68},[58,99633,1079],{"class":81},[58,99635,1082],{"class":68},[58,99637,1085],{"class":81},[58,99639,1082],{"class":68},[58,99641,531],{"class":81},[58,99643,1082],{"class":68},[58,99645,537],{"class":81},[58,99647,7447],{"class":68},[617,99649,99651],{"id":99650},"difference_update",[20,99652,99502],{},[28,99654,99655,99658],{},[31,99656,99657],{},"Changes the original set",[31,99659,94495],{},[49,99661,99663],{"className":51,"code":99662,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[20,99664,99665,99689,99705,99709,99723,99727],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99666,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99668,637],{"class":286},[58,99670,290],{"class":77},[58,99672,8630],{"class":68},[58,99674,1079],{"class":81},[58,99676,1082],{"class":68},[58,99678,1085],{"class":81},[58,99680,1082],{"class":68},[58,99682,531],{"class":81},[58,99684,1082],{"class":68},[58,99686,537],{"class":81},[58,99688,7447],{"class":68},[58,99690,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99692,665],{"class":286},[58,99694,290],{"class":77},[58,99696,8630],{"class":68},[58,99698,123],{"class":81},[58,99700,1082],{"class":68},[58,99702,537],{"class":81},[58,99704,7447],{"class":68},[58,99706,99707],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99708,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99710,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,99712,374],{"class":286},[58,99714,499],{"class":68},[58,99716,99650],{"class":239},[58,99718,69],{"class":68},[58,99720,2882],{"class":239},[58,99722,243],{"class":68},[58,99724,99725],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,99726,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99728,99729,99731,99733,99735],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,99730,65],{"class":64},[58,99732,69],{"class":68},[58,99734,374],{"class":239},[58,99736,243],{"class":68},[16,99738,132],{},[49,99740,99741],{"className":51,"code":98684,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,99742,99743],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99744,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99746,7416],{"class":68},[58,99748,1079],{"class":81},[58,99750,1082],{"class":68},[58,99752,1085],{"class":81},[58,99754,7447],{"class":68},[16,99756,155,99757,99759],{},[20,99758,98591],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[16,99761,99762,99763,31759],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[20,99764,99502],{},[43084,99766],{},[44,99768,99770,99772,99773,99775],{"id":99769},"difference-vs-the-operator",[20,99771,98591],{}," vs the ",[20,99774,78],{}," operator",[16,99777,18,99778,99780,99781,99783],{},[20,99779,78],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[20,99782,98591],{}," for two sets.",[49,99785,99787],{"className":51,"code":99786,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[20,99788,99789,99813,99829,99833,99851],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99790,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99792,637],{"class":286},[58,99794,290],{"class":77},[58,99796,8630],{"class":68},[58,99798,1079],{"class":81},[58,99800,1082],{"class":68},[58,99802,1085],{"class":81},[58,99804,1082],{"class":68},[58,99806,531],{"class":81},[58,99808,1082],{"class":68},[58,99810,537],{"class":81},[58,99812,7447],{"class":68},[58,99814,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99816,665],{"class":286},[58,99818,290],{"class":77},[58,99820,8630],{"class":68},[58,99822,123],{"class":81},[58,99824,1082],{"class":68},[58,99826,537],{"class":81},[58,99828,7447],{"class":68},[58,99830,99831],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99832,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99834,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,99836,65],{"class":64},[58,99838,69],{"class":68},[58,99840,374],{"class":239},[58,99842,499],{"class":68},[58,99844,895],{"class":239},[58,99846,69],{"class":68},[58,99848,2882],{"class":239},[58,99850,85],{"class":68},[58,99852,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,99854,65],{"class":64},[58,99856,69],{"class":68},[58,99858,637],{"class":239},[58,99860,78],{"class":77},[58,99862,642],{"class":239},[58,99864,243],{"class":68},[16,99866,132],{},[49,99868,99870],{"className":51,"code":99869,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[20,99871,99872,99884],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99873,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99875,7416],{"class":68},[58,99877,1079],{"class":81},[58,99879,1082],{"class":68},[58,99881,1085],{"class":81},[58,99883,7447],{"class":68},[58,99885,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99887,7416],{"class":68},[58,99889,1079],{"class":81},[58,99891,1082],{"class":68},[58,99893,1085],{"class":81},[58,99895,7447],{"class":68},[16,99897,99898],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[16,99900,92765,99901,573],{},[20,99902,98591],{},[28,99904,99905,99908,99911],{},[31,99906,99907],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[31,99909,99910],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[31,99912,99913],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[16,99915,99916],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[49,99918,99920],{"className":51,"code":99919,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[20,99921,99922,99950,99962,99974,99978],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,99923,99924,99926,99928,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,99925,637],{"class":286},[58,99927,290],{"class":77},[58,99929,8630],{"class":68},[58,99931,1079],{"class":81},[58,99933,1082],{"class":68},[58,99935,1085],{"class":81},[58,99937,1082],{"class":68},[58,99939,531],{"class":81},[58,99941,1082],{"class":68},[58,99943,537],{"class":81},[58,99945,1082],{"class":68},[58,99947,2725],{"class":81},[58,99949,7447],{"class":68},[58,99951,99952,99954,99956,99958,99960],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,99953,665],{"class":286},[58,99955,290],{"class":77},[58,99957,8630],{"class":68},[58,99959,117],{"class":81},[58,99961,7447],{"class":68},[58,99963,99964,99966,99968,99970,99972],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,99965,81360],{"class":286},[58,99967,290],{"class":77},[58,99969,8630],{"class":68},[58,99971,586],{"class":81},[58,99973,7447],{"class":68},[58,99975,99976],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,99977,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,99979,99980,99982,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,99981,65],{"class":64},[58,99983,69],{"class":68},[58,99985,374],{"class":239},[58,99987,499],{"class":68},[58,99989,895],{"class":239},[58,99991,69],{"class":68},[58,99993,2882],{"class":239},[58,99995,1082],{"class":68},[58,99997,7820],{"class":239},[58,99999,85],{"class":68},[16,100001,132],{},[49,100003,100005],{"className":51,"code":100004,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[20,100006,100007],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100008,100009,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100010,7416],{"class":68},[58,100012,1079],{"class":81},[58,100014,1082],{"class":68},[58,100016,531],{"class":81},[58,100018,1082],{"class":68},[58,100020,2725],{"class":81},[58,100022,7447],{"class":68},[16,100024,100025,100026,100028],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[20,100027,78],{}," operator expression.",[43084,100030],{},[44,100032,2638],{"id":2637},[16,100034,19364,100035,499],{},[20,100036,98591],{},[617,100038,100040],{"id":100039},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[16,100042,2748,100043,100045,100046,973],{},[1855,100044,2751],{}," change ",[20,100047,374],{},[49,100049,100051],{"className":51,"code":100050,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[20,100052,100053,100073,100085,100089,100103],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100054,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100056,637],{"class":286},[58,100058,290],{"class":77},[58,100060,8630],{"class":68},[58,100062,1079],{"class":81},[58,100064,1082],{"class":68},[58,100066,1085],{"class":81},[58,100068,1082],{"class":68},[58,100070,531],{"class":81},[58,100072,7447],{"class":68},[58,100074,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100076,665],{"class":286},[58,100078,290],{"class":77},[58,100080,8630],{"class":68},[58,100082,123],{"class":81},[58,100084,7447],{"class":68},[58,100086,100087],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100088,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100090,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100092,374],{"class":286},[58,100094,499],{"class":68},[58,100096,895],{"class":239},[58,100098,69],{"class":68},[58,100100,2882],{"class":239},[58,100102,243],{"class":68},[58,100104,100105,100107,100109,100111],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,100106,65],{"class":64},[58,100108,69],{"class":68},[58,100110,374],{"class":239},[58,100112,243],{"class":68},[16,100114,132],{},[49,100116,100117],{"className":51,"code":94784,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,100118,100119],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100120,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100122,7416],{"class":68},[58,100124,1079],{"class":81},[58,100126,1082],{"class":68},[58,100128,1085],{"class":81},[58,100130,1082],{"class":68},[58,100132,531],{"class":81},[58,100134,7447],{"class":68},[16,100136,100137],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[49,100139,100141],{"className":51,"code":100140,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[20,100142,100143,100163,100175,100179,100197],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100144,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100146,637],{"class":286},[58,100148,290],{"class":77},[58,100150,8630],{"class":68},[58,100152,1079],{"class":81},[58,100154,1082],{"class":68},[58,100156,1085],{"class":81},[58,100158,1082],{"class":68},[58,100160,531],{"class":81},[58,100162,7447],{"class":68},[58,100164,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100166,665],{"class":286},[58,100168,290],{"class":77},[58,100170,8630],{"class":68},[58,100172,123],{"class":81},[58,100174,7447],{"class":68},[58,100176,100177],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100178,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100180,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100182,637],{"class":286},[58,100184,290],{"class":77},[58,100186,55059],{"class":286},[58,100188,499],{"class":68},[58,100190,895],{"class":239},[58,100192,69],{"class":68},[58,100194,2882],{"class":239},[58,100196,243],{"class":68},[58,100198,100199,100201,100203,100205],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,100200,65],{"class":64},[58,100202,69],{"class":68},[58,100204,374],{"class":239},[58,100206,243],{"class":68},[16,100208,132],{},[49,100210,100211],{"className":51,"code":98684,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,100212,100213],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100214,100215,100217,100219,100221,100223],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100216,7416],{"class":68},[58,100218,1079],{"class":81},[58,100220,1082],{"class":68},[58,100222,1085],{"class":81},[58,100224,7447],{"class":68},[617,100226,100228],{"id":100227},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[16,100230,100231,100234],{},[20,100232,100233],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[28,100236,100237,100242],{},[31,100238,100239,100240],{},"keep items from ",[20,100241,374],{},[31,100243,100244,100245],{},"remove anything also in ",[20,100246,2882],{},[16,100248,39071,100249,100251,100252,100254],{},[1855,100250,2751],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[20,100253,2882],{},"”.",[16,100256,276],{},[49,100258,100260],{"className":51,"code":100259,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[20,100261,100262,100282,100302,100306,100324],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100263,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100265,637],{"class":286},[58,100267,290],{"class":77},[58,100269,8630],{"class":68},[58,100271,1079],{"class":81},[58,100273,1082],{"class":68},[58,100275,1085],{"class":81},[58,100277,1082],{"class":68},[58,100279,531],{"class":81},[58,100281,7447],{"class":68},[58,100283,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100285,665],{"class":286},[58,100287,290],{"class":77},[58,100289,8630],{"class":68},[58,100291,123],{"class":81},[58,100293,1082],{"class":68},[58,100295,537],{"class":81},[58,100297,1082],{"class":68},[58,100299,2725],{"class":81},[58,100301,7447],{"class":68},[58,100303,100304],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100305,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100307,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100309,65],{"class":64},[58,100311,69],{"class":68},[58,100313,374],{"class":239},[58,100315,499],{"class":68},[58,100317,895],{"class":239},[58,100319,69],{"class":68},[58,100321,2882],{"class":239},[58,100323,85],{"class":68},[58,100325,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334,100336,100338,100340],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,100327,65],{"class":64},[58,100329,69],{"class":68},[58,100331,2882],{"class":239},[58,100333,499],{"class":68},[58,100335,895],{"class":239},[58,100337,69],{"class":68},[58,100339,374],{"class":239},[58,100341,85],{"class":68},[16,100343,132],{},[49,100345,100347],{"className":51,"code":100346,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[20,100348,100349,100361],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100350,100351,100353,100355,100357,100359],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100352,7416],{"class":68},[58,100354,1079],{"class":81},[58,100356,1082],{"class":68},[58,100358,1085],{"class":81},[58,100360,7447],{"class":68},[58,100362,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100364,7416],{"class":68},[58,100366,586],{"class":81},[58,100368,1082],{"class":68},[58,100370,2725],{"class":81},[58,100372,7447],{"class":68},[16,100374,100375],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[617,100377,100379],{"id":100378},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[16,100381,100382,100384],{},[20,100383,98591],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[16,100386,53490],{},[49,100388,100390],{"className":51,"code":100389,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[20,100391,100392,100412,100428,100432],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100393,100394,100396,100398,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100395,637],{"class":286},[58,100397,290],{"class":77},[58,100399,1730],{"class":68},[58,100401,1079],{"class":81},[58,100403,1082],{"class":68},[58,100405,1085],{"class":81},[58,100407,1082],{"class":68},[58,100409,531],{"class":81},[58,100411,1743],{"class":68},[58,100413,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100415,665],{"class":286},[58,100417,290],{"class":77},[58,100419,1730],{"class":68},[58,100421,123],{"class":81},[58,100423,1082],{"class":68},[58,100425,537],{"class":81},[58,100427,1743],{"class":68},[58,100429,100430],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100431,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100433,100434],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100435,100436],{"class":1773},"# a.difference(b)\n",[16,100438,100439],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[49,100441,100443],{"className":51,"code":100442,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[20,100444,100445,100465,100481,100485,100511],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100446,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100448,637],{"class":286},[58,100450,290],{"class":77},[58,100452,1730],{"class":68},[58,100454,1079],{"class":81},[58,100456,1082],{"class":68},[58,100458,1085],{"class":81},[58,100460,1082],{"class":68},[58,100462,531],{"class":81},[58,100464,1743],{"class":68},[58,100466,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100468,665],{"class":286},[58,100470,290],{"class":77},[58,100472,1730],{"class":68},[58,100474,123],{"class":81},[58,100476,1082],{"class":68},[58,100478,537],{"class":81},[58,100480,1743],{"class":68},[58,100482,100483],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100484,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100486,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100488,301],{"class":286},[58,100490,290],{"class":77},[58,100492,13782],{"class":991},[58,100494,69],{"class":68},[58,100496,374],{"class":239},[58,100498,6767],{"class":68},[58,100500,895],{"class":239},[58,100502,69],{"class":68},[58,100504,4414],{"class":991},[58,100506,69],{"class":68},[58,100508,2882],{"class":239},[58,100510,85],{"class":68},[58,100512,100513,100515,100517,100519],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,100514,65],{"class":64},[58,100516,69],{"class":68},[58,100518,340],{"class":239},[58,100520,243],{"class":68},[16,100522,132],{},[49,100524,100525],{"className":51,"code":98684,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,100526,100527],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100528,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100530,7416],{"class":68},[58,100532,1079],{"class":81},[58,100534,1082],{"class":68},[58,100536,1085],{"class":81},[58,100538,7447],{"class":68},[617,100540,100542],{"id":100541},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[16,100544,100545],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[49,100547,100549],{"className":51,"code":100548,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[20,100550,100551,100583,100599,100603],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100552,100553,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100554,637],{"class":286},[58,100556,290],{"class":77},[58,100558,8630],{"class":68},[58,100560,940],{"class":939},[58,100562,35210],{"class":943},[58,100564,940],{"class":939},[58,100566,1082],{"class":68},[58,100568,1450],{"class":939},[58,100570,56299],{"class":943},[58,100572,940],{"class":939},[58,100574,1082],{"class":68},[58,100576,1450],{"class":939},[58,100578,56316],{"class":943},[58,100580,940],{"class":939},[58,100582,7447],{"class":68},[58,100584,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100586,665],{"class":286},[58,100588,290],{"class":77},[58,100590,8630],{"class":68},[58,100592,940],{"class":939},[58,100594,56299],{"class":943},[58,100596,940],{"class":939},[58,100598,7447],{"class":68},[58,100600,100601],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100602,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100604,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100606,65],{"class":64},[58,100608,69],{"class":68},[58,100610,374],{"class":239},[58,100612,499],{"class":68},[58,100614,895],{"class":239},[58,100616,69],{"class":68},[58,100618,2882],{"class":239},[58,100620,85],{"class":68},[16,100622,100623],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[617,100625,100627],{"id":100626},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[16,100629,100630],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[49,100632,100634],{"className":51,"code":100633,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[20,100635,100636,100664,100676,100680,100690],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100637,100638,100640,100642,100644,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100639,637],{"class":286},[58,100641,290],{"class":77},[58,100643,8630],{"class":68},[58,100645,1079],{"class":81},[58,100647,1082],{"class":68},[58,100649,3623],{"class":81},[58,100651,1082],{"class":68},[58,100653,1085],{"class":81},[58,100655,1082],{"class":68},[58,100657,1085],{"class":81},[58,100659,1082],{"class":68},[58,100661,531],{"class":81},[58,100663,7447],{"class":68},[58,100665,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100667,665],{"class":286},[58,100669,290],{"class":77},[58,100671,8630],{"class":68},[58,100673,123],{"class":81},[58,100675,7447],{"class":68},[58,100677,100678],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100679,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100681,100682,100684,100686,100688],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100683,65],{"class":64},[58,100685,69],{"class":68},[58,100687,374],{"class":239},[58,100689,243],{"class":68},[58,100691,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,100693,65],{"class":64},[58,100695,69],{"class":68},[58,100697,374],{"class":239},[58,100699,499],{"class":68},[58,100701,895],{"class":239},[58,100703,69],{"class":68},[58,100705,2882],{"class":239},[58,100707,85],{"class":68},[16,100709,132],{},[49,100711,100713],{"className":51,"code":100712,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[20,100714,100715,100731],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100716,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100718,7416],{"class":68},[58,100720,1079],{"class":81},[58,100722,1082],{"class":68},[58,100724,1085],{"class":81},[58,100726,1082],{"class":68},[58,100728,531],{"class":81},[58,100730,7447],{"class":68},[58,100732,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100734,7416],{"class":68},[58,100736,1079],{"class":81},[58,100738,1082],{"class":68},[58,100740,1085],{"class":81},[58,100742,7447],{"class":68},[16,100744,100745,100746,100748],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[20,100747,98591],{}," runs.",[617,100750,100752],{"id":100751},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[16,100754,100755],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[49,100757,100759],{"className":51,"code":100758,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[20,100760,100761,100785,100805,100809,100819,100829,100847,100869],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,100762,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,100764,637],{"class":286},[58,100766,290],{"class":77},[58,100768,8630],{"class":68},[58,100770,1079],{"class":81},[58,100772,1082],{"class":68},[58,100774,1085],{"class":81},[58,100776,1082],{"class":68},[58,100778,531],{"class":81},[58,100780,1082],{"class":68},[58,100782,537],{"class":81},[58,100784,7447],{"class":68},[58,100786,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,100788,665],{"class":286},[58,100790,290],{"class":77},[58,100792,8630],{"class":68},[58,100794,123],{"class":81},[58,100796,1082],{"class":68},[58,100798,537],{"class":81},[58,100800,1082],{"class":68},[58,100802,2725],{"class":81},[58,100804,7447],{"class":68},[58,100806,100807],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,100808,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,100810,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,100812,65],{"class":64},[58,100814,69],{"class":68},[58,100816,374],{"class":239},[58,100818,243],{"class":68},[58,100820,100821,100823,100825,100827],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,100822,65],{"class":64},[58,100824,69],{"class":68},[58,100826,2882],{"class":239},[58,100828,243],{"class":68},[58,100830,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,100832,65],{"class":64},[58,100834,69],{"class":68},[58,100836,374],{"class":239},[58,100838,499],{"class":68},[58,100840,895],{"class":239},[58,100842,69],{"class":68},[58,100844,2882],{"class":239},[58,100846,85],{"class":68},[58,100848,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,100850,65],{"class":64},[58,100852,69],{"class":68},[58,100854,1316],{"class":991},[58,100856,69],{"class":68},[58,100858,374],{"class":239},[58,100860,499],{"class":68},[58,100862,895],{"class":239},[58,100864,69],{"class":68},[58,100866,2882],{"class":239},[58,100868,1002],{"class":68},[58,100870,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,100872,65],{"class":64},[58,100874,69],{"class":68},[58,100876,9303],{"class":64},[58,100878,69],{"class":68},[58,100880,374],{"class":239},[58,100882,499],{"class":68},[58,100884,895],{"class":239},[58,100886,69],{"class":68},[58,100888,2882],{"class":239},[58,100890,1002],{"class":68},[16,100892,9312],{},[28,100894,100895,100898,100901,100904],{},[31,100896,100897],{},"what is in each set",[31,100899,100900],{},"what result Python creates",[31,100902,100903],{},"that the result is a set",[31,100905,100906],{},"how many items remain",[43084,100908],{},[44,100910,1555],{"id":1554},[617,100912,10849,100914,100916],{"id":100913},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[20,100915,98591],{}," change the original set?",[16,100918,100919],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[617,100921,3303,100923,2512,100925,573],{"id":100922},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[20,100924,98591],{},[20,100926,99502],{},[16,100928,100929,100931,100932,100934],{},[20,100930,98591],{}," returns a new set. ",[20,100933,99502],{}," modifies the original set.",[617,100936,26484,100938,100940],{"id":100937},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[20,100939,98591],{}," with more than two sets?",[16,100942,100943],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[617,100945,100947],{"id":100946},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[16,100949,100950],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[43084,100952],{},[44,100954,1603],{"id":1602},[28,100956,100957,100961,100969],{},[31,100958,100959],{},[374,100960,94505],{"href":95676},[31,100962,100963],{},[374,100964,94991,100966,8881],{"href":100965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[20,100967,100968],{},"intersection()",[31,100970,100971],{},[374,100972,94991,100974,8881],{"href":100973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[20,100975,100976],{},"union()",[1635,100978,100979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":100981},[100982,100983,100985,100986,100987,100988,100990,100995,100997,101005,101014],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":98713,"depth":88,"text":100984},"What difference() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":99332,"depth":88,"text":100989},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":99497,"depth":88,"text":100991,"children":100992},"difference() vs difference_update()",[100993,100994],{"id":895,"depth":104,"text":98591},{"id":99650,"depth":104,"text":99502},{"id":99769,"depth":88,"text":100996},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":100998},[100999,101000,101001,101002,101003,101004],{"id":100039,"depth":104,"text":100040},{"id":100227,"depth":104,"text":100228},{"id":100378,"depth":104,"text":100379},{"id":100541,"depth":104,"text":100542},{"id":100626,"depth":104,"text":100627},{"id":100751,"depth":104,"text":100752},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":101006},[101007,101009,101011,101013],{"id":100913,"depth":104,"text":101008},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":100922,"depth":104,"text":101010},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":100937,"depth":104,"text":101012},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":100946,"depth":104,"text":100947},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":98583,"description":101015},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":101022,"title":101023,"body":101024,"description":102719,"extension":1667,"meta":102720,"navigation":318,"path":102721,"seo":102722,"stem":102723,"__hash__":102724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":9,"value":101025,"toc":102681},[101026,101032,101038,101051,101053,101154,101156,101201,101206,101211,101215,101229,101232,101240,101242,101261,101279,101283,101336,101338,101359,101366,101371,101398,101405,101504,101506,101543,101551,101555,101561,101564,101637,101639,101647,101652,101721,101723,101748,101750,101753,101856,101858,101919,101922,101926,101932,102005,102007,102040,102043,102046,102086,102092,102115,102120,102124,102135,102138,102140,102144,102150,102152,102209,102219,102221,102274,102281,102286,102354,102362,102368,102372,102374,102413,102418,102467,102471,102474,102476,102515,102518,102520,102525,102582,102584,102598,102600,102604,102610,102615,102620,102627,102638,102644,102649,102651,102678],[12,101027,94377,101029,9464],{"id":101028},"python-set-discard-method",[20,101030,101031],{},"discard()",[16,101033,101034,101037],{},[20,101035,101036],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[16,101039,101040,101041,257,101046,12201,101048,101050],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[374,101042,101043],{"href":96386},[20,101044,101045],{},"set.remove()",[20,101047,101031],{},[1855,101049,2751],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[44,101052,47],{"id":46},[49,101054,101056],{"className":51,"code":101055,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[20,101057,101058,101090,101109,101119,101123,101144],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101059,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101061,11222],{"class":286},[58,101063,290],{"class":77},[58,101065,8630],{"class":68},[58,101067,940],{"class":939},[58,101069,11239],{"class":943},[58,101071,940],{"class":939},[58,101073,1082],{"class":68},[58,101075,1450],{"class":939},[58,101077,11256],{"class":943},[58,101079,940],{"class":939},[58,101081,1082],{"class":68},[58,101083,1450],{"class":939},[58,101085,15606],{"class":943},[58,101087,940],{"class":939},[58,101089,7447],{"class":68},[58,101091,101092,101094,101096,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101093,15653],{"class":286},[58,101095,499],{"class":68},[58,101097,101098],{"class":239},"discard",[58,101100,69],{"class":68},[58,101102,940],{"class":939},[58,101104,11256],{"class":943},[58,101106,940],{"class":939},[58,101108,243],{"class":68},[58,101110,101111,101113,101115,101117],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,101112,65],{"class":64},[58,101114,69],{"class":68},[58,101116,15653],{"class":239},[58,101118,243],{"class":68},[58,101120,101121],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,101122,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101124,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,101126,15653],{"class":286},[58,101128,499],{"class":68},[58,101130,101098],{"class":239},[58,101132,69],{"class":68},[58,101134,940],{"class":939},[58,101136,20677],{"class":943},[58,101138,940],{"class":939},[58,101140,1770],{"class":68},[58,101142,101143],{"class":1773},"  # no error if missing\n",[58,101145,101146,101148,101150,101152],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,101147,65],{"class":64},[58,101149,69],{"class":68},[58,101151,15653],{"class":239},[58,101153,243],{"class":68},[16,101155,28186],{},[49,101157,101159],{"className":51,"code":101158,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[20,101160,101161,101181],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101162,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101164,7416],{"class":68},[58,101166,1396],{"class":939},[58,101168,11239],{"class":943},[58,101170,1396],{"class":939},[58,101172,1082],{"class":68},[58,101174,1391],{"class":939},[58,101176,15606],{"class":943},[58,101178,1396],{"class":939},[58,101180,7447],{"class":68},[58,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101184,7416],{"class":68},[58,101186,1396],{"class":939},[58,101188,11239],{"class":943},[58,101190,1396],{"class":939},[58,101192,1082],{"class":68},[58,101194,1391],{"class":939},[58,101196,15606],{"class":943},[58,101198,1396],{"class":939},[58,101200,7447],{"class":68},[16,101202,155,101203,101205],{},[20,101204,101031],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[44,101207,1788,101209,1791],{"id":101208},"what-setdiscard-does",[20,101210,101036],{},[16,101212,101213,973],{},[20,101214,101031],{},[28,101216,101217,101220,101223,101225],{},[31,101218,101219],{},"Removes one item from a set",[31,101221,101222],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[31,101224,94492],{},[31,101226,9566,101227],{},[20,101228,1891],{},[16,101230,101231],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[16,101233,94501,101234,966,101237,499],{},[374,101235,101236],{"href":96968},"what a set is in Python",[374,101238,101239],{"href":96060},"how to create a set",[44,101241,222],{"id":221},[49,101243,101245],{"className":51,"code":101244,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[20,101246,101247],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101248,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101250,13815],{"class":286},[58,101252,499],{"class":68},[58,101254,101098],{"class":239},[58,101256,69],{"class":68},[58,101258,553],{"class":239},[58,101260,243],{"class":68},[28,101262,101263,101268,101273,101276],{},[31,101264,101265,101267],{},[20,101266,13815],{}," is the set you want to change",[31,101269,101270,101272],{},[20,101271,553],{}," is the item you want to remove",[31,101274,101275],{},"The set must already exist",[31,101277,101278],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[617,101280,101282],{"id":101281},"example","Example",[49,101284,101286],{"className":51,"code":101285,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,101287,101288,101312,101326],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101289,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101291,1725],{"class":286},[58,101293,290],{"class":77},[58,101295,8630],{"class":68},[58,101297,1079],{"class":81},[58,101299,1082],{"class":68},[58,101301,1085],{"class":81},[58,101303,1082],{"class":68},[58,101305,531],{"class":81},[58,101307,1082],{"class":68},[58,101309,537],{"class":81},[58,101311,7447],{"class":68},[58,101313,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101315,1757],{"class":286},[58,101317,499],{"class":68},[58,101319,101098],{"class":239},[58,101321,69],{"class":68},[58,101323,123],{"class":81},[58,101325,243],{"class":68},[58,101327,101328,101330,101332,101334],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,101329,65],{"class":64},[58,101331,69],{"class":68},[58,101333,1757],{"class":239},[58,101335,243],{"class":68},[16,101337,132],{},[49,101339,101341],{"className":51,"code":101340,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[20,101342,101343],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101344,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355,101357],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101346,7416],{"class":68},[58,101348,1079],{"class":81},[58,101350,1082],{"class":68},[58,101352,1085],{"class":81},[58,101354,1082],{"class":68},[58,101356,537],{"class":81},[58,101358,7447],{"class":68},[44,101360,101362,101363,101365],{"id":101361},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[20,101364,101031],{}," different",[16,101367,101368,101370],{},[20,101369,101031],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[28,101372,101373,101386,101395],{},[31,101374,101375,101376,257,101380,101382,101383,101385],{},"Unlike ",[374,101377,101378],{"href":96386},[20,101379,53700],{},[20,101381,101031],{}," does not raise ",[20,101384,17839],{}," when the item is missing",[31,101387,101375,101388,257,101392,101394],{},[374,101389,101390],{"href":96391},[20,101391,10908],{},[20,101393,101031],{}," removes a specific item",[31,101396,101397],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[617,101399,101401,8725,101403],{"id":101400},"discard-vs-remove",[20,101402,101031],{},[20,101404,53700],{},[49,101406,101408],{"className":51,"code":101407,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[20,101409,101410,101434,101438,101459,101469,101473,101494],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101411,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101413,5911],{"class":286},[58,101415,290],{"class":77},[58,101417,8630],{"class":68},[58,101419,940],{"class":939},[58,101421,2196],{"class":943},[58,101423,940],{"class":939},[58,101425,1082],{"class":68},[58,101427,1450],{"class":939},[58,101429,2205],{"class":943},[58,101431,940],{"class":939},[58,101433,7447],{"class":68},[58,101435,101436],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101437,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101439,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,101441,5942],{"class":286},[58,101443,499],{"class":68},[58,101445,101098],{"class":239},[58,101447,69],{"class":68},[58,101449,940],{"class":939},[58,101451,31379],{"class":943},[58,101453,940],{"class":939},[58,101455,1770],{"class":68},[58,101457,101458],{"class":1773},"   # no error\n",[58,101460,101461,101463,101465,101467],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,101462,65],{"class":64},[58,101464,69],{"class":68},[58,101466,5942],{"class":239},[58,101468,243],{"class":68},[58,101470,101471],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,101472,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101474,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,101476,5942],{"class":286},[58,101478,499],{"class":68},[58,101480,32954],{"class":239},[58,101482,69],{"class":68},[58,101484,940],{"class":939},[58,101486,2205],{"class":943},[58,101488,940],{"class":939},[58,101490,1770],{"class":68},[58,101492,101493],{"class":1773},"    # removes existing item\n",[58,101495,101496,101498,101500,101502],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,101497,65],{"class":64},[58,101499,69],{"class":68},[58,101501,5942],{"class":239},[58,101503,243],{"class":68},[16,101505,132],{},[49,101507,101509],{"className":51,"code":101508,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[20,101510,101511,101531],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101512,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101514,7416],{"class":68},[58,101516,1396],{"class":939},[58,101518,2196],{"class":943},[58,101520,1396],{"class":939},[58,101522,1082],{"class":68},[58,101524,1391],{"class":939},[58,101526,2205],{"class":943},[58,101528,1396],{"class":939},[58,101530,7447],{"class":68},[58,101532,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101534,7416],{"class":68},[58,101536,1396],{"class":939},[58,101538,2196],{"class":943},[58,101540,1396],{"class":939},[58,101542,7447],{"class":68},[16,101544,38508,101545,101547,101548,101550],{},[20,101546,53700],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[374,101549,9216],{"href":9215}," for more help with that case.",[44,101552,101554],{"id":101553},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[16,101556,101557,475,101559,499],{},[20,101558,101031],{},[20,101560,1891],{},[16,101562,101563],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[49,101565,101567],{"className":51,"code":101566,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,101568,101569,101601,101623,101627],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101570,101571,101573,101575,101577,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101572,11222],{"class":286},[58,101574,290],{"class":77},[58,101576,8630],{"class":68},[58,101578,940],{"class":939},[58,101580,11239],{"class":943},[58,101582,940],{"class":939},[58,101584,1082],{"class":68},[58,101586,1450],{"class":939},[58,101588,11256],{"class":943},[58,101590,940],{"class":939},[58,101592,1082],{"class":68},[58,101594,1450],{"class":939},[58,101596,15606],{"class":943},[58,101598,940],{"class":939},[58,101600,7447],{"class":68},[58,101602,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619,101621],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101604,301],{"class":286},[58,101606,290],{"class":77},[58,101608,11270],{"class":286},[58,101610,499],{"class":68},[58,101612,101098],{"class":239},[58,101614,69],{"class":68},[58,101616,940],{"class":939},[58,101618,11256],{"class":943},[58,101620,940],{"class":939},[58,101622,243],{"class":68},[58,101624,101625],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,101626,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101628,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,101630,65],{"class":64},[58,101632,69],{"class":68},[58,101634,340],{"class":239},[58,101636,243],{"class":68},[16,101638,132],{},[49,101640,101641],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,101642,101643],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101644,101645],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101646,9952],{"class":1966},[16,101648,101649,101650,973],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[20,101651,15653],{},[49,101653,101655],{"className":51,"code":101654,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[20,101656,101657,101689,101707,101711],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101658,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101660,11222],{"class":286},[58,101662,290],{"class":77},[58,101664,8630],{"class":68},[58,101666,940],{"class":939},[58,101668,11239],{"class":943},[58,101670,940],{"class":939},[58,101672,1082],{"class":68},[58,101674,1450],{"class":939},[58,101676,11256],{"class":943},[58,101678,940],{"class":939},[58,101680,1082],{"class":68},[58,101682,1450],{"class":939},[58,101684,15606],{"class":943},[58,101686,940],{"class":939},[58,101688,7447],{"class":68},[58,101690,101691,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101692,15653],{"class":286},[58,101694,499],{"class":68},[58,101696,101098],{"class":239},[58,101698,69],{"class":68},[58,101700,940],{"class":939},[58,101702,11256],{"class":943},[58,101704,940],{"class":939},[58,101706,243],{"class":68},[58,101708,101709],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,101710,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,101714,65],{"class":64},[58,101716,69],{"class":68},[58,101718,15653],{"class":239},[58,101720,243],{"class":68},[16,101722,132],{},[49,101724,101726],{"className":51,"code":101725,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[20,101727,101728],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101729,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101731,7416],{"class":68},[58,101733,1396],{"class":939},[58,101735,11239],{"class":943},[58,101737,1396],{"class":939},[58,101739,1082],{"class":68},[58,101741,1391],{"class":939},[58,101743,15606],{"class":943},[58,101745,1396],{"class":939},[58,101747,7447],{"class":68},[44,101749,9618],{"id":9617},[16,101751,101752],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[49,101754,101756],{"className":51,"code":101755,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[20,101757,101758,101790,101794,101812,101816,101834,101838],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101759,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101761,34401],{"class":286},[58,101763,290],{"class":77},[58,101765,8630],{"class":68},[58,101767,940],{"class":939},[58,101769,2196],{"class":943},[58,101771,940],{"class":939},[58,101773,1082],{"class":68},[58,101775,1450],{"class":939},[58,101777,2205],{"class":943},[58,101779,940],{"class":939},[58,101781,1082],{"class":68},[58,101783,1450],{"class":939},[58,101785,31379],{"class":943},[58,101787,940],{"class":939},[58,101789,7447],{"class":68},[58,101791,101792],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101793,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101795,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,101797,65],{"class":64},[58,101799,69],{"class":68},[58,101801,940],{"class":939},[58,101803,9707],{"class":943},[58,101805,940],{"class":939},[58,101807,1082],{"class":68},[58,101809,51022],{"class":239},[58,101811,243],{"class":68},[58,101813,101814],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,101815,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101817,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,101819,34453],{"class":286},[58,101821,499],{"class":68},[58,101823,101098],{"class":239},[58,101825,69],{"class":68},[58,101827,940],{"class":939},[58,101829,2205],{"class":943},[58,101831,940],{"class":939},[58,101833,243],{"class":68},[58,101835,101836],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,101837,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101839,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,101841,65],{"class":64},[58,101843,69],{"class":68},[58,101845,940],{"class":939},[58,101847,9747],{"class":943},[58,101849,940],{"class":939},[58,101851,1082],{"class":68},[58,101853,51022],{"class":239},[58,101855,243],{"class":68},[16,101857,132],{},[49,101859,101861],{"className":51,"code":101860,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[20,101862,101863,101895],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101864,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101866,9767],{"class":286},[58,101868,973],{"class":68},[58,101870,8630],{"class":68},[58,101872,1396],{"class":939},[58,101874,2205],{"class":943},[58,101876,1396],{"class":939},[58,101878,1082],{"class":68},[58,101880,1391],{"class":939},[58,101882,2196],{"class":943},[58,101884,1396],{"class":939},[58,101886,1082],{"class":68},[58,101888,1391],{"class":939},[58,101890,31379],{"class":943},[58,101892,1396],{"class":939},[58,101894,7447],{"class":68},[58,101896,101897,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101898,9820],{"class":286},[58,101900,973],{"class":68},[58,101902,8630],{"class":68},[58,101904,1396],{"class":939},[58,101906,2196],{"class":943},[58,101908,1396],{"class":939},[58,101910,1082],{"class":68},[58,101912,1391],{"class":939},[58,101914,31379],{"class":943},[58,101916,1396],{"class":939},[58,101918,7447],{"class":68},[16,101920,101921],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[44,101923,101925],{"id":101924},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[16,101927,101928,101929,101931],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[20,101930,101031],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[49,101933,101935],{"className":51,"code":101934,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[20,101936,101937,101969,101973,101991,101995],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,101938,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,101940,34401],{"class":286},[58,101942,290],{"class":77},[58,101944,8630],{"class":68},[58,101946,940],{"class":939},[58,101948,2196],{"class":943},[58,101950,940],{"class":939},[58,101952,1082],{"class":68},[58,101954,1450],{"class":939},[58,101956,2205],{"class":943},[58,101958,940],{"class":939},[58,101960,1082],{"class":68},[58,101962,1450],{"class":939},[58,101964,31379],{"class":943},[58,101966,940],{"class":939},[58,101968,7447],{"class":68},[58,101970,101971],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,101972,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101974,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,101976,34453],{"class":286},[58,101978,499],{"class":68},[58,101980,101098],{"class":239},[58,101982,69],{"class":68},[58,101984,940],{"class":939},[58,101986,20686],{"class":943},[58,101988,940],{"class":939},[58,101990,243],{"class":68},[58,101992,101993],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,101994,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,101996,101997,101999,102001,102003],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,101998,65],{"class":64},[58,102000,69],{"class":68},[58,102002,34453],{"class":239},[58,102004,243],{"class":68},[16,102006,132],{},[49,102008,102010],{"className":51,"code":102009,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[20,102011,102012],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102015,7416],{"class":68},[58,102017,1396],{"class":939},[58,102019,2205],{"class":943},[58,102021,1396],{"class":939},[58,102023,1082],{"class":68},[58,102025,1391],{"class":939},[58,102027,2196],{"class":943},[58,102029,1396],{"class":939},[58,102031,1082],{"class":68},[58,102033,1391],{"class":939},[58,102035,31379],{"class":943},[58,102037,1396],{"class":939},[58,102039,7447],{"class":68},[16,102041,102042],{},"No error happens here.",[16,102044,102045],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[49,102047,102049],{"className":51,"code":102048,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[20,102050,102051,102067],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102052,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102054,5127],{"class":1991},[58,102056,1450],{"class":939},[58,102058,20686],{"class":943},[58,102060,940],{"class":939},[58,102062,19326],{"class":77},[58,102064,51022],{"class":286},[58,102066,4521],{"class":68},[58,102068,102069,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102070,102071],{"class":286},"    fruits",[58,102073,499],{"class":68},[58,102075,32954],{"class":239},[58,102077,69],{"class":68},[58,102079,940],{"class":939},[58,102081,20686],{"class":943},[58,102083,940],{"class":939},[58,102085,243],{"class":68},[16,102087,102088,102089,102091],{},"With ",[20,102090,101031],{},", you can simply write:",[49,102093,102095],{"className":51,"code":102094,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[20,102096,102097],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102100,34453],{"class":286},[58,102102,499],{"class":68},[58,102104,101098],{"class":239},[58,102106,69],{"class":68},[58,102108,940],{"class":939},[58,102110,20686],{"class":943},[58,102112,940],{"class":939},[58,102114,243],{"class":68},[44,102116,3083,102118],{"id":102117},"when-to-use-discard",[20,102119,101031],{},[16,102121,155,102122,8741],{},[20,102123,101031],{},[28,102125,102126,102129,102132],{},[31,102127,102128],{},"Missing values are normal",[31,102130,102131],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[31,102133,102134],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[16,102136,102137],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[44,102139,914],{"id":913},[16,102141,6582,102142,499],{},[20,102143,101031],{},[617,102145,6588,102147,102149],{"id":102146},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[20,102148,101031],{}," to return the changed set",[16,102151,2645],{},[49,102153,102155],{"className":51,"code":102154,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,102156,102157,102177,102195,102199],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102160,1725],{"class":286},[58,102162,290],{"class":77},[58,102164,8630],{"class":68},[58,102166,1079],{"class":81},[58,102168,1082],{"class":68},[58,102170,1085],{"class":81},[58,102172,1082],{"class":68},[58,102174,531],{"class":81},[58,102176,7447],{"class":68},[58,102178,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102180,1725],{"class":286},[58,102182,290],{"class":77},[58,102184,2381],{"class":286},[58,102186,499],{"class":68},[58,102188,101098],{"class":239},[58,102190,69],{"class":68},[58,102192,117],{"class":81},[58,102194,243],{"class":68},[58,102196,102197],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,102198,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,102200,102201,102203,102205,102207],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,102202,65],{"class":64},[58,102204,69],{"class":68},[58,102206,1757],{"class":239},[58,102208,243],{"class":68},[16,102210,102211,40321,102213,6737,102215,475,102217,499],{},[20,102212,1757],{},[20,102214,1891],{},[20,102216,101031],{},[20,102218,1891],{},[16,102220,16992],{},[49,102222,102224],{"className":51,"code":102223,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,102225,102226,102246,102260,102264],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102229,1725],{"class":286},[58,102231,290],{"class":77},[58,102233,8630],{"class":68},[58,102235,1079],{"class":81},[58,102237,1082],{"class":68},[58,102239,1085],{"class":81},[58,102241,1082],{"class":68},[58,102243,531],{"class":81},[58,102245,7447],{"class":68},[58,102247,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102249,1757],{"class":286},[58,102251,499],{"class":68},[58,102253,101098],{"class":239},[58,102255,69],{"class":68},[58,102257,117],{"class":81},[58,102259,243],{"class":68},[58,102261,102262],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,102263,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,102265,102266,102268,102270,102272],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,102267,65],{"class":64},[58,102269,69],{"class":68},[58,102271,1757],{"class":239},[58,102273,243],{"class":68},[617,102275,35367,102277,6841,102279],{"id":102276},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[20,102278,101031],{},[20,102280,53700],{},[16,102282,102283,102284,499],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[20,102285,101031],{},[49,102287,102289],{"className":51,"code":102288,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[20,102290,102291,102323,102344],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102292,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102294,34252],{"class":286},[58,102296,290],{"class":77},[58,102298,8630],{"class":68},[58,102300,940],{"class":939},[58,102302,374],{"class":943},[58,102304,940],{"class":939},[58,102306,1082],{"class":68},[58,102308,1450],{"class":939},[58,102310,2882],{"class":943},[58,102312,940],{"class":939},[58,102314,1082],{"class":68},[58,102316,1450],{"class":939},[58,102318,7878],{"class":943},[58,102320,940],{"class":939},[58,102322,7447],{"class":68},[58,102324,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102326,34305],{"class":286},[58,102328,499],{"class":68},[58,102330,101098],{"class":239},[58,102332,69],{"class":68},[58,102334,940],{"class":939},[58,102336,20230],{"class":943},[58,102338,940],{"class":939},[58,102340,1770],{"class":68},[58,102342,102343],{"class":1773},"   # safe\n",[58,102345,102346,102348,102350,102352],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,102347,65],{"class":64},[58,102349,69],{"class":68},[58,102351,34305],{"class":239},[58,102353,243],{"class":68},[16,102355,102356,102357,44076,102360,499],{},"If you use ",[20,102358,102359],{},"remove(\"z\")",[20,102361,17839],{},[617,102363,23771,102365,102367],{"id":102364},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[20,102366,101031],{}," on a list instead of a set",[16,102369,102370,100384],{},[20,102371,101031],{},[16,102373,14793],{},[49,102375,102377],{"className":51,"code":102376,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[20,102378,102379,102399],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102380,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102382,5911],{"class":286},[58,102384,290],{"class":77},[58,102386,1730],{"class":68},[58,102388,1079],{"class":81},[58,102390,1082],{"class":68},[58,102392,1085],{"class":81},[58,102394,1082],{"class":68},[58,102396,531],{"class":81},[58,102398,1743],{"class":68},[58,102400,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102402,5942],{"class":286},[58,102404,499],{"class":68},[58,102406,101098],{"class":239},[58,102408,69],{"class":68},[58,102410,117],{"class":81},[58,102412,243],{"class":68},[16,102414,102415,102416,973],{},"Use a set if you need ",[20,102417,101031],{},[49,102419,102421],{"className":51,"code":102420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[20,102422,102423,102443,102457],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102424,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102426,5911],{"class":286},[58,102428,290],{"class":77},[58,102430,8630],{"class":68},[58,102432,1079],{"class":81},[58,102434,1082],{"class":68},[58,102436,1085],{"class":81},[58,102438,1082],{"class":68},[58,102440,531],{"class":81},[58,102442,7447],{"class":68},[58,102444,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102446,5942],{"class":286},[58,102448,499],{"class":68},[58,102450,101098],{"class":239},[58,102452,69],{"class":68},[58,102454,117],{"class":81},[58,102456,243],{"class":68},[58,102458,102459,102461,102463,102465],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,102460,65],{"class":64},[58,102462,69],{"class":68},[58,102464,5942],{"class":239},[58,102466,243],{"class":68},[617,102468,102470],{"id":102469},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[16,102472,102473],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[16,102475,921],{},[49,102477,102479],{"className":51,"code":102478,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[20,102480,102481,102501],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102482,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102484,7303],{"class":286},[58,102486,290],{"class":77},[58,102488,8630],{"class":68},[58,102490,1079],{"class":81},[58,102492,1082],{"class":68},[58,102494,1085],{"class":81},[58,102496,1082],{"class":68},[58,102498,531],{"class":81},[58,102500,7447],{"class":68},[58,102502,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102504,7342],{"class":286},[58,102506,499],{"class":68},[58,102508,101098],{"class":239},[58,102510,1076],{"class":68},[58,102512,117],{"class":81},[58,102514,2004],{"class":68},[16,102516,102517],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[44,102519,7009],{"id":7008},[16,102521,7012,102522,102524],{},[20,102523,101031],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[49,102526,102528],{"className":51,"code":102527,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[20,102529,102530,102540,102554,102568],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102531,102532,102534,102536,102538],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102533,65],{"class":64},[58,102535,69],{"class":68},[58,102537,13815],{"class":239},[58,102539,243],{"class":68},[58,102541,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102543,65],{"class":64},[58,102545,69],{"class":68},[58,102547,1316],{"class":991},[58,102549,69],{"class":68},[58,102551,13815],{"class":239},[58,102553,85],{"class":68},[58,102555,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,102557,65],{"class":64},[58,102559,69],{"class":68},[58,102561,526],{"class":239},[58,102563,1998],{"class":1991},[58,102565,95101],{"class":239},[58,102567,243],{"class":68},[58,102569,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,102571,30310],{"class":64},[58,102573,69],{"class":68},[58,102575,4414],{"class":991},[58,102577,499],{"class":68},[58,102579,101098],{"class":22904},[58,102581,243],{"class":68},[16,102583,9312],{},[28,102585,102586,102589,102592,102595],{},[31,102587,102588],{},"What is currently in the set",[31,102590,102591],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[31,102593,102594],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[31,102596,102597],{},"How Python documents the method",[44,102599,1555],{"id":1554},[617,102601,102603],{"id":102602},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[16,102605,102606,102607,102609],{},"Nothing happens. ",[20,102608,101031],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[617,102611,3265,102613,10861],{"id":102612},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[20,102614,101036],{},[16,102616,3271,102617,102619],{},[20,102618,1891],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[617,102621,3303,102623,2512,102625,573],{"id":102622},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[20,102624,101031],{},[20,102626,53700],{},[16,102628,102629,102630,24693,102632,102634,102635,102637],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[20,102631,53700],{},[20,102633,17839],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[20,102636,101031],{}," does not.",[617,102639,26484,102641,102643],{"id":102640},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[20,102642,101031],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[16,102645,44533,102646,102648],{},[20,102647,101031],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[44,102650,1603],{"id":1602},[28,102652,102653,102659,102665,102670,102674],{},[31,102654,102655],{},[374,102656,94991,102657,8881],{"href":96386},[20,102658,53700],{},[31,102660,102661],{},[374,102662,94991,102663,8881],{"href":96391},[20,102664,10908],{},[31,102666,102667],{},[374,102668,102669],{"href":96060},"Python set: creating a set",[31,102671,102672],{},[374,102673,98526],{"href":96968},[31,102675,102676],{},[374,102677,9404],{"href":9215},[1635,102679,102680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":102682},[102683,102684,102686,102689,102694,102695,102696,102697,102699,102708,102709,102718],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":101208,"depth":88,"text":102685},"What set.discard() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":102687},[102688],{"id":101281,"depth":104,"text":101282},{"id":101361,"depth":88,"text":102690,"children":102691},"What makes discard() different",[102692],{"id":101400,"depth":104,"text":102693},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":101553,"depth":88,"text":101554},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":101924,"depth":88,"text":101925},{"id":102117,"depth":88,"text":102698},"When to use discard()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":102700},[102701,102703,102705,102707],{"id":102146,"depth":104,"text":102702},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":102276,"depth":104,"text":102704},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":102364,"depth":104,"text":102706},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":102469,"depth":104,"text":102470},{"id":7008,"depth":88,"text":7009},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":102710},[102711,102712,102714,102716],{"id":102602,"depth":104,"text":102603},{"id":102612,"depth":104,"text":102713},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":102622,"depth":104,"text":102715},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":102640,"depth":104,"text":102717},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":101023,"description":102719},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":102726,"title":102727,"body":102728,"description":104734,"extension":1667,"meta":104735,"navigation":318,"path":104736,"seo":104737,"stem":104738,"__hash__":104739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":102729,"toc":104692},[102730,102733,102741,102746,102757,102759,102814,102818,102838,102843,102847,102852,102854,102868,102870,102945,102947,102980,102985,102990,102992,102994,103009,103012,103020,103025,103040,103042,103131,103133,103222,103228,103232,103234,103272,103274,103298,103301,103316,103318,103373,103375,103408,103410,103415,103419,103423,103428,103493,103495,103515,103521,103525,103582,103584,103605,103609,103614,103659,103661,103694,103697,103701,103734,103736,103765,103769,103773,103776,103778,103797,103799,103845,103850,103864,103866,103897,103902,103905,103949,103951,103979,103983,103987,104003,104006,104071,104073,104085,104088,104092,104095,104100,104128,104130,104148,104154,104193,104195,104213,104219,104248,104250,104268,104271,104288,104290,104295,104299,104302,104328,104335,104340,104355,104364,104368,104371,104402,104408,104411,104420,104423,104425,104427,104485,104488,104513,104515,104519,104522,104526,104534,104538,104541,104545,104548,104550,104573,104575,104616,104623,104631,104634,104665,104667,104689],[12,102731,102727],{"id":102732},"python-set-function-explained",[16,102734,7260,102735,102737,102738,499],{},[20,102736,1910],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[1855,102739,102740],{},"unique values only",[16,102742,33566,102743,102745],{},[20,102744,1910],{}," to:",[28,102747,102748,102751,102754],{},[31,102749,102750],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[31,102752,102753],{},"check whether a value exists",[31,102755,102756],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[44,102758,47],{"id":46},[49,102760,102762],{"className":51,"code":102761,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[20,102763,102764,102788,102803],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102765,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102767,1725],{"class":286},[58,102769,290],{"class":77},[58,102771,1730],{"class":68},[58,102773,1079],{"class":81},[58,102775,1082],{"class":68},[58,102777,1085],{"class":81},[58,102779,1082],{"class":68},[58,102781,1085],{"class":81},[58,102783,1082],{"class":68},[58,102785,531],{"class":81},[58,102787,1743],{"class":68},[58,102789,102790,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102791,102792],{"class":286},"unique_numbers ",[58,102794,290],{"class":77},[58,102796,13782],{"class":991},[58,102798,69],{"class":68},[58,102800,1757],{"class":239},[58,102802,243],{"class":68},[58,102804,102805,102807,102809,102812],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,102806,65],{"class":64},[58,102808,69],{"class":68},[58,102810,102811],{"class":239},"unique_numbers",[58,102813,243],{"class":68},[16,102815,102816],{},[1855,102817,132],{},[49,102819,102820],{"className":51,"code":94784,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,102821,102822],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102823,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102825,7416],{"class":68},[58,102827,1079],{"class":81},[58,102829,1082],{"class":68},[58,102831,1085],{"class":81},[58,102833,1082],{"class":68},[58,102835,531],{"class":81},[58,102837,7447],{"class":68},[16,102839,155,102840,102842],{},[20,102841,1910],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[44,102844,102846],{"id":102845},"what-set-does","What set() does",[16,102848,102849,102851],{},[20,102850,1910],{}," creates a new set object.",[16,102853,28697],{},[28,102855,102856,102859,102862,102865],{},[31,102857,102858],{},"A set stores unique items only",[31,102860,102861],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[31,102863,102864],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[31,102866,102867],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[16,102869,276],{},[49,102871,102873],{"className":51,"code":102872,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[20,102874,102875,102915,102930,102934],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102876,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102878,11222],{"class":286},[58,102880,290],{"class":77},[58,102882,1730],{"class":68},[58,102884,940],{"class":939},[58,102886,11239],{"class":943},[58,102888,940],{"class":939},[58,102890,1082],{"class":68},[58,102892,1450],{"class":939},[58,102894,11256],{"class":943},[58,102896,940],{"class":939},[58,102898,1082],{"class":68},[58,102900,1450],{"class":939},[58,102902,11239],{"class":943},[58,102904,940],{"class":939},[58,102906,1082],{"class":68},[58,102908,1450],{"class":939},[58,102910,15606],{"class":943},[58,102912,940],{"class":939},[58,102914,1743],{"class":68},[58,102916,102917,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,102918,102919],{"class":286},"unique_colors ",[58,102921,290],{"class":77},[58,102923,13782],{"class":991},[58,102925,69],{"class":68},[58,102927,15653],{"class":239},[58,102929,243],{"class":68},[58,102931,102932],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,102933,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,102935,102936,102938,102940,102943],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,102937,65],{"class":64},[58,102939,69],{"class":68},[58,102941,102942],{"class":239},"unique_colors",[58,102944,243],{"class":68},[16,102946,28186],{},[49,102948,102950],{"className":51,"code":102949,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[20,102951,102952],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,102953,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,102955,7416],{"class":68},[58,102957,1396],{"class":939},[58,102959,11256],{"class":943},[58,102961,1396],{"class":939},[58,102963,1082],{"class":68},[58,102965,1391],{"class":939},[58,102967,15606],{"class":943},[58,102969,1396],{"class":939},[58,102971,1082],{"class":68},[58,102973,1391],{"class":939},[58,102975,11239],{"class":943},[58,102977,1396],{"class":939},[58,102979,7447],{"class":68},[16,102981,362,102982,102984],{},[20,102983,63566],{}," appears only once.",[16,102986,102987,102988,499],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[374,102989,94505],{"href":94504},[44,102991,222],{"id":221},[16,102993,225],{},[49,102995,102997],{"className":51,"code":102996,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set(iterable)\n",[20,102998,102999],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103000,103001,103003,103005,103007],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103002,4414],{"class":991},[58,103004,69],{"class":68},[58,103006,1832],{"class":239},[58,103008,243],{"class":68},[16,103010,103011],{},"The argument is optional.",[28,103013,103014,103017],{},[31,103015,103016],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[31,103018,103019],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[16,103021,103022,103023,973],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[20,103024,1910],{},[28,103026,103027,103029,103031,103033,103037],{},[31,103028,6227],{},[31,103030,47122],{},[31,103032,59347],{},[31,103034,103035],{},[20,103036,34360],{},[31,103038,103039],{},"another set",[16,103041,189],{},[49,103043,103045],{"className":51,"code":103044,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[20,103046,103047,103073,103095,103113],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103048,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103050,65],{"class":64},[58,103052,69],{"class":68},[58,103054,4414],{"class":991},[58,103056,1076],{"class":68},[58,103058,1079],{"class":81},[58,103060,1082],{"class":68},[58,103062,1085],{"class":81},[58,103064,1082],{"class":68},[58,103066,1085],{"class":81},[58,103068,1082],{"class":68},[58,103070,531],{"class":81},[58,103072,1092],{"class":68},[58,103074,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103076,65],{"class":64},[58,103078,69],{"class":68},[58,103080,4414],{"class":991},[58,103082,3636],{"class":68},[58,103084,408],{"class":81},[58,103086,1082],{"class":68},[58,103088,5922],{"class":81},[58,103090,1082],{"class":68},[58,103092,4131],{"class":81},[58,103094,1002],{"class":68},[58,103096,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,103098,65],{"class":64},[58,103100,69],{"class":68},[58,103102,4414],{"class":991},[58,103104,69],{"class":68},[58,103106,940],{"class":939},[58,103108,1959],{"class":943},[58,103110,940],{"class":939},[58,103112,85],{"class":68},[58,103114,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,103116,65],{"class":64},[58,103118,69],{"class":68},[58,103120,4414],{"class":991},[58,103122,69],{"class":68},[58,103124,58171],{"class":64},[58,103126,69],{"class":68},[58,103128,586],{"class":81},[58,103130,1002],{"class":68},[16,103132,28186],{},[49,103134,103136],{"className":51,"code":103135,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[20,103137,103138,103154,103166,103202],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103139,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103141,7416],{"class":68},[58,103143,1079],{"class":81},[58,103145,1082],{"class":68},[58,103147,1085],{"class":81},[58,103149,1082],{"class":68},[58,103151,531],{"class":81},[58,103153,7447],{"class":68},[58,103155,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103157,7416],{"class":68},[58,103159,408],{"class":81},[58,103161,1082],{"class":68},[58,103163,5922],{"class":81},[58,103165,7447],{"class":68},[58,103167,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,103169,7416],{"class":68},[58,103171,1396],{"class":939},[58,103173,58611],{"class":943},[58,103175,1396],{"class":939},[58,103177,1082],{"class":68},[58,103179,1391],{"class":939},[58,103181,58620],{"class":943},[58,103183,1396],{"class":939},[58,103185,1082],{"class":68},[58,103187,1391],{"class":939},[58,103189,58629],{"class":943},[58,103191,1396],{"class":939},[58,103193,1082],{"class":68},[58,103195,1391],{"class":939},[58,103197,58646],{"class":943},[58,103199,1396],{"class":939},[58,103201,7447],{"class":68},[58,103203,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,103205,7416],{"class":68},[58,103207,183],{"class":81},[58,103209,1082],{"class":68},[58,103211,3623],{"class":81},[58,103213,1082],{"class":68},[58,103215,1085],{"class":81},[58,103217,1082],{"class":68},[58,103219,531],{"class":81},[58,103221,7447],{"class":68},[16,103223,103224,103225,499],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[374,103226,103227],{"href":63021},"Python list() function explained",[44,103229,103231],{"id":103230},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[16,103233,96457],{},[49,103235,103236],{"className":51,"code":97422,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,103237,103238,103248,103258],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103239,103240,103242,103244,103246],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103241,96467],{"class":286},[58,103243,290],{"class":77},[58,103245,13782],{"class":991},[58,103247,6779],{"class":68},[58,103249,103250,103252,103254,103256],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103251,65],{"class":64},[58,103253,69],{"class":68},[58,103255,96486],{"class":239},[58,103257,243],{"class":68},[58,103259,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,103261,65],{"class":64},[58,103263,69],{"class":68},[58,103265,1316],{"class":991},[58,103267,69],{"class":68},[58,103269,96486],{"class":239},[58,103271,85],{"class":68},[16,103273,132],{},[49,103275,103276],{"className":51,"code":97465,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,103277,103278,103284],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103279,103280,103282],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103281,4414],{"class":991},[58,103283,6779],{"class":68},[58,103285,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103287,1385],{"class":77},[58,103289,1388],{"class":126},[58,103291,1391],{"class":939},[58,103293,4414],{"class":943},[58,103295,1396],{"class":939},[58,103297,1399],{"class":77},[16,103299,103300],{},"This is important because:",[28,103302,103303,103308],{},[31,103304,103305,103307],{},[20,103306,1910],{}," creates an empty set",[31,103309,103310,103312,103313,103315],{},[20,103311,1905],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[1855,103314,2751],{}," a set",[16,103317,276],{},[49,103319,103321],{"className":51,"code":103320,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[20,103322,103323,103333,103341,103345,103359],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103326,637],{"class":286},[58,103328,290],{"class":77},[58,103330,13782],{"class":991},[58,103332,6779],{"class":68},[58,103334,103335,103337,103339],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103336,665],{"class":286},[58,103338,290],{"class":77},[58,103340,7977],{"class":68},[58,103342,103343],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,103344,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,103346,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,103348,65],{"class":64},[58,103350,69],{"class":68},[58,103352,1316],{"class":991},[58,103354,69],{"class":68},[58,103356,374],{"class":239},[58,103358,85],{"class":68},[58,103360,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,103362,65],{"class":64},[58,103364,69],{"class":68},[58,103366,1316],{"class":991},[58,103368,69],{"class":68},[58,103370,2882],{"class":239},[58,103372,85],{"class":68},[16,103374,132],{},[49,103376,103378],{"className":51,"code":103377,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[20,103379,103380,103394],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103383,1385],{"class":77},[58,103385,1388],{"class":126},[58,103387,1391],{"class":939},[58,103389,4414],{"class":943},[58,103391,1396],{"class":939},[58,103393,1399],{"class":77},[58,103395,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103397,1385],{"class":77},[58,103399,1388],{"class":126},[58,103401,1391],{"class":939},[58,103403,6958],{"class":943},[58,103405,1396],{"class":939},[58,103407,1399],{"class":77},[16,103409,12196],{},[16,103411,103412,103413,499],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[374,103414,102669],{"href":94508},[44,103416,103418],{"id":103417},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[617,103420,103422],{"id":103421},"from-a-list","From a list",[16,103424,103425,103426,499],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[20,103427,1910],{},[49,103429,103431],{"className":51,"code":103430,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,103432,103433,103465,103479,103483],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103434,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103436,1725],{"class":286},[58,103438,290],{"class":77},[58,103440,1730],{"class":68},[58,103442,1079],{"class":81},[58,103444,1082],{"class":68},[58,103446,1085],{"class":81},[58,103448,1082],{"class":68},[58,103450,1085],{"class":81},[58,103452,1082],{"class":68},[58,103454,531],{"class":81},[58,103456,1082],{"class":68},[58,103458,531],{"class":81},[58,103460,1082],{"class":68},[58,103462,531],{"class":81},[58,103464,1743],{"class":68},[58,103466,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103468,301],{"class":286},[58,103470,290],{"class":77},[58,103472,13782],{"class":991},[58,103474,69],{"class":68},[58,103476,1757],{"class":239},[58,103478,243],{"class":68},[58,103480,103481],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,103482,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,103484,103485,103487,103489,103491],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,103486,65],{"class":64},[58,103488,69],{"class":68},[58,103490,340],{"class":239},[58,103492,243],{"class":68},[16,103494,132],{},[49,103496,103497],{"className":51,"code":94784,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,103498,103499],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103500,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103502,7416],{"class":68},[58,103504,1079],{"class":81},[58,103506,1082],{"class":68},[58,103508,1085],{"class":81},[58,103510,1082],{"class":68},[58,103512,531],{"class":81},[58,103514,7447],{"class":68},[16,103516,103517,103518,499],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[374,103519,97255],{"href":103520},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[617,103522,103524],{"id":103523},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[49,103526,103528],{"className":51,"code":103527,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,103529,103530,103554,103568,103572],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103531,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103533,1936],{"class":286},[58,103535,290],{"class":77},[58,103537,7374],{"class":68},[58,103539,200],{"class":81},[58,103541,1082],{"class":68},[58,103543,2725],{"class":81},[58,103545,1082],{"class":68},[58,103547,4131],{"class":81},[58,103549,1082],{"class":68},[58,103551,36100],{"class":81},[58,103553,243],{"class":68},[58,103555,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103557,301],{"class":286},[58,103559,290],{"class":77},[58,103561,13782],{"class":991},[58,103563,69],{"class":68},[58,103565,3483],{"class":239},[58,103567,243],{"class":68},[58,103569,103570],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,103571,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,103573,103574,103576,103578,103580],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,103575,65],{"class":64},[58,103577,69],{"class":68},[58,103579,340],{"class":239},[58,103581,243],{"class":68},[16,103583,132],{},[49,103585,103587],{"className":51,"code":103586,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[20,103588,103589],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103590,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103592,7416],{"class":68},[58,103594,200],{"class":81},[58,103596,1082],{"class":68},[58,103598,4131],{"class":81},[58,103600,1082],{"class":68},[58,103602,36100],{"class":81},[58,103604,7447],{"class":68},[617,103606,103608],{"id":103607},"from-a-string","From a string",[16,103610,49297,103611,103613],{},[20,103612,1910],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[49,103615,103617],{"className":51,"code":103616,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,103618,103619,103631,103645,103649],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103620,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103622,32847],{"class":286},[58,103624,290],{"class":77},[58,103626,1450],{"class":939},[58,103628,2205],{"class":943},[58,103630,1456],{"class":939},[58,103632,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103634,301],{"class":286},[58,103636,290],{"class":77},[58,103638,13782],{"class":991},[58,103640,69],{"class":68},[58,103642,32868],{"class":239},[58,103644,243],{"class":68},[58,103646,103647],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,103648,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,103650,103651,103653,103655,103657],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,103652,65],{"class":64},[58,103654,69],{"class":68},[58,103656,340],{"class":239},[58,103658,243],{"class":68},[16,103660,28186],{},[49,103662,103664],{"className":51,"code":103663,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[20,103665,103666],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103667,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103669,7416],{"class":68},[58,103671,1396],{"class":939},[58,103673,2882],{"class":943},[58,103675,1396],{"class":939},[58,103677,1082],{"class":68},[58,103679,1391],{"class":939},[58,103681,374],{"class":943},[58,103683,1396],{"class":939},[58,103685,1082],{"class":68},[58,103687,1391],{"class":939},[58,103689,74204],{"class":943},[58,103691,1396],{"class":939},[58,103693,7447],{"class":68},[16,103695,103696],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[617,103698,103700],{"id":103699},"from-range","From range()",[49,103702,103704],{"className":51,"code":103703,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[20,103705,103706,103724],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103707,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103709,301],{"class":286},[58,103711,290],{"class":77},[58,103713,13782],{"class":991},[58,103715,69],{"class":68},[58,103717,58171],{"class":64},[58,103719,69],{"class":68},[58,103721,200],{"class":81},[58,103723,85],{"class":68},[58,103725,103726,103728,103730,103732],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103727,65],{"class":64},[58,103729,69],{"class":68},[58,103731,340],{"class":239},[58,103733,243],{"class":68},[16,103735,132],{},[49,103737,103739],{"className":51,"code":103738,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,103740,103741],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103742,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103744,7416],{"class":68},[58,103746,183],{"class":81},[58,103748,1082],{"class":68},[58,103750,3623],{"class":81},[58,103752,1082],{"class":68},[58,103754,1085],{"class":81},[58,103756,1082],{"class":68},[58,103758,531],{"class":81},[58,103760,1082],{"class":68},[58,103762,537],{"class":81},[58,103764,7447],{"class":68},[44,103766,103768],{"id":103767},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[16,103770,97702,103771,499],{},[1855,103772,94548],{},[16,103774,103775],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[16,103777,97708],{},[28,103779,103780,103784,103788,103792],{},[31,103781,103782],{},[20,103783,256],{},[31,103785,103786],{},[20,103787,1542],{},[31,103789,103790],{},[20,103791,260],{},[31,103793,103794,103796],{},[20,103795,47122],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[16,103798,276],{},[49,103800,103802],{"className":51,"code":103801,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[20,103803,103804,103835],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103805,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103807,5911],{"class":286},[58,103809,290],{"class":77},[58,103811,8630],{"class":68},[58,103813,1079],{"class":81},[58,103815,1082],{"class":68},[58,103817,1450],{"class":939},[58,103819,1959],{"class":943},[58,103821,940],{"class":939},[58,103823,1082],{"class":68},[58,103825,7374],{"class":68},[58,103827,408],{"class":81},[58,103829,1082],{"class":68},[58,103831,5922],{"class":81},[58,103833,103834],{"class":68},")}\n",[58,103836,103837,103839,103841,103843],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103838,65],{"class":64},[58,103840,69],{"class":68},[58,103842,5942],{"class":239},[58,103844,243],{"class":68},[16,103846,97770,103847,103849],{},[1855,103848,2751],{}," work inside a set:",[28,103851,103852,103856,103860],{},[31,103853,103854],{},[20,103855,6227],{},[31,103857,103858],{},[20,103859,6958],{},[31,103861,103862],{},[20,103863,4414],{},[16,103865,95273],{},[49,103867,103869],{"className":51,"code":103868,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[20,103870,103871],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103872,103873,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103874,97789],{"class":286},[58,103876,290],{"class":77},[58,103878,97794],{"class":68},[58,103880,1079],{"class":81},[58,103882,1082],{"class":68},[58,103884,1085],{"class":81},[58,103886,16213],{"class":68},[58,103888,1730],{"class":68},[58,103890,123],{"class":81},[58,103892,1082],{"class":68},[58,103894,537],{"class":81},[58,103896,11853],{"class":68},[16,103898,75032,103899,103901],{},[20,103900,1098],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[16,103903,103904],{},"A safer example:",[49,103906,103908],{"className":51,"code":103907,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[20,103909,103910,103938],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103911,103912,103915,103917,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103913,103914],{"class":286},"good_set ",[58,103916,290],{"class":77},[58,103918,103919],{"class":68}," {(",[58,103921,1079],{"class":81},[58,103923,1082],{"class":68},[58,103925,1085],{"class":81},[58,103927,7371],{"class":68},[58,103929,7374],{"class":68},[58,103931,123],{"class":81},[58,103933,1082],{"class":68},[58,103935,537],{"class":81},[58,103937,103834],{"class":68},[58,103939,103940,103942,103944,103947],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,103941,65],{"class":64},[58,103943,69],{"class":68},[58,103945,103946],{"class":239},"good_set",[58,103948,243],{"class":68},[16,103950,132],{},[49,103952,103954],{"className":51,"code":103953,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[20,103955,103956],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,103957,103958,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,103959,103960],{"class":68},"{(",[58,103962,1079],{"class":81},[58,103964,1082],{"class":68},[58,103966,1085],{"class":81},[58,103968,7371],{"class":68},[58,103970,7374],{"class":68},[58,103972,123],{"class":81},[58,103974,1082],{"class":68},[58,103976,537],{"class":81},[58,103978,103834],{"class":68},[44,103980,103982],{"id":103981},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[16,103984,155,103985,8741],{},[20,103986,1910],{},[28,103988,103989,103992,103997,104000],{},[31,103990,103991],{},"you need unique values only",[31,103993,103994,103995],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[20,103996,1998],{},[31,103998,103999],{},"order does not matter",[31,104001,104002],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[16,104004,104005],{},"Example of membership checking:",[49,104007,104009],{"className":51,"code":104008,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[20,104010,104011,104036,104040,104056],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104012,104013,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026,104029,104031,104034],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104014,104015],{"class":286},"allowed_ids ",[58,104017,290],{"class":77},[58,104019,13782],{"class":991},[58,104021,1076],{"class":68},[58,104023,44760],{"class":81},[58,104025,1082],{"class":68},[58,104027,104028],{"class":81}," 102",[58,104030,1082],{"class":68},[58,104032,104033],{"class":81}," 103",[58,104035,2004],{"class":68},[58,104037,104038],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104039,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,104041,104042,104044,104046,104049,104051,104054],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,104043,65],{"class":64},[58,104045,69],{"class":68},[58,104047,104048],{"class":81},"102",[58,104050,19326],{"class":1991},[58,104052,104053],{"class":239}," allowed_ids",[58,104055,243],{"class":68},[58,104057,104058,104060,104062,104065,104067,104069],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,104059,65],{"class":64},[58,104061,69],{"class":68},[58,104063,104064],{"class":81},"999",[58,104066,19326],{"class":1991},[58,104068,104053],{"class":239},[58,104070,243],{"class":68},[16,104072,132],{},[49,104074,104075],{"className":51,"code":42341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,104076,104077,104081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104078,104079],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104080,2096],{"class":1966},[58,104082,104083],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104084,2157],{"class":1966},[16,104086,104087],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[44,104089,104091],{"id":104090},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[16,104093,104094],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[617,104096,155,104098,96399],{"id":104097},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[20,104099,1910],{},[49,104101,104102],{"className":51,"code":96460,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,104103,104104,104114],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104105,104106,104108,104110,104112],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104107,96467],{"class":286},[58,104109,290],{"class":77},[58,104111,13782],{"class":991},[58,104113,6779],{"class":68},[58,104115,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104117,65],{"class":64},[58,104119,69],{"class":68},[58,104121,1316],{"class":991},[58,104123,69],{"class":68},[58,104125,96486],{"class":239},[58,104127,85],{"class":68},[16,104129,132],{},[49,104131,104132],{"className":51,"code":6989,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,104133,104134],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104135,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104137,1385],{"class":77},[58,104139,1388],{"class":126},[58,104141,1391],{"class":939},[58,104143,4414],{"class":943},[58,104145,1396],{"class":939},[58,104147,1399],{"class":77},[617,104149,155,104151,104153],{"id":104150},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[20,104152,98459],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[49,104155,104157],{"className":51,"code":104156,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[20,104158,104159,104179],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104160,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104162,1725],{"class":286},[58,104164,290],{"class":77},[58,104166,8630],{"class":68},[58,104168,1079],{"class":81},[58,104170,1082],{"class":68},[58,104172,1085],{"class":81},[58,104174,1082],{"class":68},[58,104176,531],{"class":81},[58,104178,7447],{"class":68},[58,104180,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104182,65],{"class":64},[58,104184,69],{"class":68},[58,104186,1316],{"class":991},[58,104188,69],{"class":68},[58,104190,1757],{"class":239},[58,104192,85],{"class":68},[16,104194,132],{},[49,104196,104197],{"className":51,"code":6989,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,104198,104199],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104200,104201,104203,104205,104207,104209,104211],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104202,1385],{"class":77},[58,104204,1388],{"class":126},[58,104206,1391],{"class":939},[58,104208,4414],{"class":943},[58,104210,1396],{"class":939},[58,104212,1399],{"class":77},[617,104214,155,104216,104218],{"id":104215},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[20,104217,1905],{}," for an empty dictionary",[49,104220,104222],{"className":51,"code":104221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[20,104223,104224,104233],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104225,104226,104229,104231],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104227,104228],{"class":286},"empty_dict ",[58,104230,290],{"class":77},[58,104232,7977],{"class":68},[58,104234,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104246],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104236,65],{"class":64},[58,104238,69],{"class":68},[58,104240,1316],{"class":991},[58,104242,69],{"class":68},[58,104244,104245],{"class":239},"empty_dict",[58,104247,85],{"class":68},[16,104249,132],{},[49,104251,104252],{"className":51,"code":6945,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,104253,104254],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104255,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104257,1385],{"class":77},[58,104259,1388],{"class":126},[58,104261,1391],{"class":939},[58,104263,6958],{"class":943},[58,104265,1396],{"class":939},[58,104267,1399],{"class":77},[16,104269,104270],{},"So the rule is simple:",[28,104272,104273,104278,104283],{},[31,104274,104275,104277],{},[20,104276,1910],{}," → empty set",[31,104279,104280,104282],{},[20,104281,98459],{}," → non-empty set",[31,104284,104285,104287],{},[20,104286,1905],{}," → empty dictionary",[44,104289,914],{"id":913},[16,104291,104292,104293,499],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[20,104294,1910],{},[617,104296,6552,104297,98057],{"id":98054},[20,104298,1905],{},[16,104300,104301],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[49,104303,104304],{"className":51,"code":98063,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,104305,104306,104314],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104307,104308,104310,104312],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104309,526],{"class":286},[58,104311,290],{"class":77},[58,104313,7977],{"class":68},[58,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104317,65],{"class":64},[58,104319,69],{"class":68},[58,104321,1316],{"class":991},[58,104323,69],{"class":68},[58,104325,553],{"class":239},[58,104327,85],{"class":68},[617,104329,104331,104332],{"id":104330},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[20,104333,104334],{},"set(5)",[16,104336,104337,104339],{},[20,104338,1910],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[49,104341,104343],{"className":51,"code":104342,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set(5)\n",[20,104344,104345],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104346,104347,104349,104351,104353],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104348,4414],{"class":991},[58,104350,69],{"class":68},[58,104352,200],{"class":81},[58,104354,243],{"class":68},[16,104356,1095,104357,104359,104360,499],{},[20,104358,1098],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[374,104361,104363],{"href":104362},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[617,104365,104367],{"id":104366},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[16,104369,104370],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[49,104372,104374],{"className":51,"code":104373,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[20,104375,104376],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104377,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104379,526],{"class":286},[58,104381,290],{"class":77},[58,104383,97794],{"class":68},[58,104385,1079],{"class":81},[58,104387,1082],{"class":68},[58,104389,1085],{"class":81},[58,104391,16213],{"class":68},[58,104393,1730],{"class":68},[58,104395,123],{"class":81},[58,104397,1082],{"class":68},[58,104399,537],{"class":81},[58,104401,11853],{"class":68},[617,104403,6588,104405,104407],{"id":104404},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[20,104406,1910],{}," to keep the original order",[16,104409,104410],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[617,104412,35367,104414,6841,104416,966,104418],{"id":104413},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[20,104415,1910],{},[20,104417,22935],{},[20,104419,7257],{},[16,104421,104422],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[44,104424,58883],{"id":58882},[16,104426,9254],{},[49,104428,104430],{"className":51,"code":104429,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[20,104431,104432,104447,104457,104471],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104433,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104445],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104435,65],{"class":64},[58,104437,69],{"class":68},[58,104439,1316],{"class":991},[58,104441,69],{"class":68},[58,104443,104444],{"class":239},"my_value",[58,104446,85],{"class":68},[58,104448,104449,104451,104453,104455],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104450,65],{"class":64},[58,104452,69],{"class":68},[58,104454,104444],{"class":239},[58,104456,243],{"class":68},[58,104458,104459,104461,104463,104465,104467,104469],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,104460,65],{"class":64},[58,104462,69],{"class":68},[58,104464,6227],{"class":991},[58,104466,69],{"class":68},[58,104468,13815],{"class":239},[58,104470,85],{"class":68},[58,104472,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,104474,65],{"class":64},[58,104476,69],{"class":68},[58,104478,9303],{"class":64},[58,104480,69],{"class":68},[58,104482,13815],{"class":239},[58,104484,85],{"class":68},[16,104486,104487],{},"What they help you see:",[28,104489,104490,104496,104501,104507],{},[31,104491,104492,104495],{},[20,104493,104494],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[31,104497,104498,88723],{},[20,104499,104500],{},"print(my_value)",[31,104502,104503,104506],{},[20,104504,104505],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[31,104508,104509,104512],{},[20,104510,104511],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[44,104514,1555],{"id":1554},[617,104516,104518],{"id":104517},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[16,104520,104521],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[617,104523,104525],{"id":104524},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[16,104527,155,104528,104530,104531,104533],{},[20,104529,1910],{},". Do not use ",[20,104532,1905],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[617,104535,104537],{"id":104536},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[16,104539,104540],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[617,104542,104544],{"id":104543},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[16,104546,104547],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[16,104549,276],{},[49,104551,104553],{"className":51,"code":104552,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[20,104554,104555],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104556,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104558,65],{"class":64},[58,104560,69],{"class":68},[58,104562,4414],{"class":991},[58,104564,69],{"class":68},[58,104566,940],{"class":939},[58,104568,2196],{"class":943},[58,104570,940],{"class":939},[58,104572,85],{"class":68},[16,104574,28186],{},[49,104576,104578],{"className":51,"code":104577,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[20,104579,104580],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104581,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104583,7416],{"class":68},[58,104585,1396],{"class":939},[58,104587,374],{"class":943},[58,104589,1396],{"class":939},[58,104591,1082],{"class":68},[58,104593,1391],{"class":939},[58,104595,16],{"class":943},[58,104597,1396],{"class":939},[58,104599,1082],{"class":68},[58,104601,1391],{"class":939},[58,104603,58629],{"class":943},[58,104605,1396],{"class":939},[58,104607,1082],{"class":68},[58,104609,1391],{"class":939},[58,104611,58620],{"class":943},[58,104613,1396],{"class":939},[58,104615,7447],{"class":68},[617,104617,3281,104619,104622],{"id":104618},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[20,104620,104621],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[16,104624,104625,26841,104627,104630],{},[20,104626,1910],{},[1855,104628,104629],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[16,104632,104633],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[49,104635,104637],{"className":51,"code":104636,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[20,104638,104639],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104640,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104642,65],{"class":64},[58,104644,69],{"class":68},[58,104646,4414],{"class":991},[58,104648,1076],{"class":68},[58,104650,1079],{"class":81},[58,104652,1082],{"class":68},[58,104654,1085],{"class":81},[58,104656,1082],{"class":68},[58,104658,531],{"class":81},[58,104660,1082],{"class":68},[58,104662,537],{"class":81},[58,104664,1092],{"class":68},[44,104666,1603],{"id":1602},[28,104668,104669,104673,104677,104681,104685],{},[31,104670,104671],{},[374,104672,94505],{"href":94504},[31,104674,104675],{},[374,104676,102669],{"href":94508},[31,104678,104679],{},[374,104680,98521],{"href":103520},[31,104682,104683],{},[374,104684,103227],{"href":63021},[31,104686,104687],{},[374,104688,104363],{"href":104362},[1635,104690,104691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":104693},[104694,104695,104696,104697,104698,104704,104705,104706,104714,104724,104725,104733],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":102845,"depth":88,"text":102846},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":103230,"depth":88,"text":103231},{"id":103417,"depth":88,"text":103418,"children":104699},[104700,104701,104702,104703],{"id":103421,"depth":104,"text":103422},{"id":103523,"depth":104,"text":103524},{"id":103607,"depth":104,"text":103608},{"id":103699,"depth":104,"text":103700},{"id":103767,"depth":88,"text":103768},{"id":103981,"depth":88,"text":103982},{"id":104090,"depth":88,"text":104091,"children":104707},[104708,104710,104712],{"id":104097,"depth":104,"text":104709},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":104150,"depth":104,"text":104711},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":104215,"depth":104,"text":104713},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":104715},[104716,104717,104719,104720,104722],{"id":98054,"depth":104,"text":98562},{"id":104330,"depth":104,"text":104718},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":104366,"depth":104,"text":104367},{"id":104404,"depth":104,"text":104721},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":104413,"depth":104,"text":104723},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":58882,"depth":88,"text":58883},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":104726},[104727,104728,104729,104730,104731],{"id":104517,"depth":104,"text":104518},{"id":104524,"depth":104,"text":104525},{"id":104536,"depth":104,"text":104537},{"id":104543,"depth":104,"text":104544},{"id":104618,"depth":104,"text":104732},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":102727,"description":104734},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":104741,"title":104742,"body":104743,"description":106258,"extension":1667,"meta":106259,"navigation":318,"path":106260,"seo":106261,"stem":106262,"__hash__":106263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":9,"value":104744,"toc":106234},[104745,104751,104756,104759,104842,104847,104852,104857,104859,104872,104876,104878,104897,104900,104923,104926,104937,104939,105020,105022,105039,105041,105047,105050,105145,105147,105178,105180,105188,105190,105193,105304,105306,105331,105333,105355,105360,105365,105371,105480,105482,105498,105501,105504,105587,105589,105606,105614,105616,105620,105626,105717,105719,105752,105757,105764,105841,105843,105860,105866,105868,105872,105888,105891,105917,105919,105980,105982,106105,106107,106158,106164,106166,106171,106173,106179,106182,106186,106189,106193,106196,106206,106208,106231],[12,104746,1681,104748,9464],{"id":104747},"python-setintersection-method",[20,104749,104750],{},"set.intersection()",[16,104752,18,104753,104755],{},[20,104754,104750],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[16,104757,104758],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[49,104760,104762],{"className":51,"code":104761,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,104763,104764,104784,104804,104808,104827,104837],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104765,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104767,637],{"class":286},[58,104769,290],{"class":77},[58,104771,8630],{"class":68},[58,104773,1079],{"class":81},[58,104775,1082],{"class":68},[58,104777,1085],{"class":81},[58,104779,1082],{"class":68},[58,104781,531],{"class":81},[58,104783,7447],{"class":68},[58,104785,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104787,665],{"class":286},[58,104789,290],{"class":77},[58,104791,8630],{"class":68},[58,104793,117],{"class":81},[58,104795,1082],{"class":68},[58,104797,531],{"class":81},[58,104799,1082],{"class":68},[58,104801,537],{"class":81},[58,104803,7447],{"class":68},[58,104805,104806],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,104807,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,104809,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104821,104823,104825],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,104811,301],{"class":286},[58,104813,290],{"class":77},[58,104815,55059],{"class":286},[58,104817,499],{"class":68},[58,104819,104820],{"class":239},"intersection",[58,104822,69],{"class":68},[58,104824,2882],{"class":239},[58,104826,243],{"class":68},[58,104828,104829,104831,104833,104835],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,104830,65],{"class":64},[58,104832,69],{"class":68},[58,104834,340],{"class":239},[58,104836,243],{"class":68},[58,104838,104839],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,104840,104841],{"class":1773},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[16,104843,155,104844,104846],{},[20,104845,100968],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[44,104848,11142,104850,11145],{"id":104849},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[20,104851,100968],{},[16,104853,104854,104856],{},[20,104855,100968],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[16,104858,11198],{},[28,104860,104861,104864,104866,104869],{},[31,104862,104863],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[31,104865,98738],{},[31,104867,104868],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[31,104870,104871],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[16,104873,94501,104874,499],{},[374,104875,94505],{"href":94504},[44,104877,222],{"id":221},[49,104879,104881],{"className":51,"code":104880,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[20,104882,104883],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104884,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104886,98762],{"class":286},[58,104888,499],{"class":68},[58,104890,104820],{"class":239},[58,104892,69],{"class":68},[58,104894,98771],{"class":239},[58,104896,243],{"class":68},[16,104898,104899],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[49,104901,104903],{"className":51,"code":104902,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[20,104904,104905],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104906,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104908,98762],{"class":286},[58,104910,499],{"class":68},[58,104912,104820],{"class":239},[58,104914,69],{"class":68},[58,104916,98771],{"class":239},[58,104918,1082],{"class":68},[58,104920,98798],{"class":239},[58,104922,243],{"class":68},[16,104924,104925],{},"Important notes:",[28,104927,104928,104931,104934],{},[31,104929,104930],{},"The result is always a new set",[31,104932,104933],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[31,104935,104936],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[16,104938,276],{},[49,104940,104942],{"className":51,"code":104941,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[20,104943,104944,104968,104988,104992,105010],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,104945,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,104947,637],{"class":286},[58,104949,290],{"class":77},[58,104951,8630],{"class":68},[58,104953,1079],{"class":81},[58,104955,1082],{"class":68},[58,104957,1085],{"class":81},[58,104959,1082],{"class":68},[58,104961,531],{"class":81},[58,104963,1082],{"class":68},[58,104965,537],{"class":81},[58,104967,7447],{"class":68},[58,104969,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,104971,665],{"class":286},[58,104973,290],{"class":77},[58,104975,8630],{"class":68},[58,104977,123],{"class":81},[58,104979,1082],{"class":68},[58,104981,537],{"class":81},[58,104983,1082],{"class":68},[58,104985,2725],{"class":81},[58,104987,7447],{"class":68},[58,104989,104990],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,104991,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,104993,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,104995,301],{"class":286},[58,104997,290],{"class":77},[58,104999,55059],{"class":286},[58,105001,499],{"class":68},[58,105003,104820],{"class":239},[58,105005,69],{"class":68},[58,105007,2882],{"class":239},[58,105009,243],{"class":68},[58,105011,105012,105014,105016,105018],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,105013,65],{"class":64},[58,105015,69],{"class":68},[58,105017,340],{"class":239},[58,105019,243],{"class":68},[16,105021,132],{},[49,105023,105025],{"className":51,"code":105024,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{3, 4}\n",[20,105026,105027],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105028,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105030,7416],{"class":68},[58,105032,123],{"class":81},[58,105034,1082],{"class":68},[58,105036,537],{"class":81},[58,105038,7447],{"class":68},[44,105040,15569],{"id":15568},[16,105042,105043,20128,105045,499],{},[20,105044,100968],{},[1855,105046,4414],{},[16,105048,105049],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[49,105051,105053],{"className":51,"code":105052,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,105054,105055,105075,105095,105099,105117,105121,105131],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105056,105057,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105058,637],{"class":286},[58,105060,290],{"class":77},[58,105062,8630],{"class":68},[58,105064,1079],{"class":81},[58,105066,1082],{"class":68},[58,105068,1085],{"class":81},[58,105070,1082],{"class":68},[58,105072,531],{"class":81},[58,105074,7447],{"class":68},[58,105076,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105078,665],{"class":286},[58,105080,290],{"class":77},[58,105082,8630],{"class":68},[58,105084,117],{"class":81},[58,105086,1082],{"class":68},[58,105088,531],{"class":81},[58,105090,1082],{"class":68},[58,105092,537],{"class":81},[58,105094,7447],{"class":68},[58,105096,105097],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,105098,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105100,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,105102,301],{"class":286},[58,105104,290],{"class":77},[58,105106,55059],{"class":286},[58,105108,499],{"class":68},[58,105110,104820],{"class":239},[58,105112,69],{"class":68},[58,105114,2882],{"class":239},[58,105116,243],{"class":68},[58,105118,105119],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,105120,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105122,105123,105125,105127,105129],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,105124,65],{"class":64},[58,105126,69],{"class":68},[58,105128,340],{"class":239},[58,105130,243],{"class":68},[58,105132,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,105134,65],{"class":64},[58,105136,69],{"class":68},[58,105138,1316],{"class":991},[58,105140,69],{"class":68},[58,105142,340],{"class":239},[58,105144,85],{"class":68},[16,105146,132],{},[49,105148,105150],{"className":51,"code":105149,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[20,105151,105152,105164],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105153,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105155,7416],{"class":68},[58,105157,117],{"class":81},[58,105159,1082],{"class":68},[58,105161,531],{"class":81},[58,105163,7447],{"class":68},[58,105165,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105167,1385],{"class":77},[58,105169,1388],{"class":126},[58,105171,1391],{"class":939},[58,105173,4414],{"class":943},[58,105175,1396],{"class":939},[58,105177,1399],{"class":77},[16,105179,83986],{},[28,105181,105182,105185],{},[31,105183,105184],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[31,105186,105187],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[44,105189,9618],{"id":9617},[16,105191,105192],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[49,105194,105196],{"className":51,"code":105195,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[20,105197,105198,105231,105264,105268,105289,105293],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105199,105200,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105201,105202],{"class":286},"colors1 ",[58,105204,290],{"class":77},[58,105206,8630],{"class":68},[58,105208,940],{"class":939},[58,105210,11239],{"class":943},[58,105212,940],{"class":939},[58,105214,1082],{"class":68},[58,105216,1450],{"class":939},[58,105218,11256],{"class":943},[58,105220,940],{"class":939},[58,105222,1082],{"class":68},[58,105224,1450],{"class":939},[58,105226,15606],{"class":943},[58,105228,940],{"class":939},[58,105230,7447],{"class":68},[58,105232,105233,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105234,105235],{"class":286},"colors2 ",[58,105237,290],{"class":77},[58,105239,8630],{"class":68},[58,105241,940],{"class":939},[58,105243,15606],{"class":943},[58,105245,940],{"class":939},[58,105247,1082],{"class":68},[58,105249,1450],{"class":939},[58,105251,20677],{"class":943},[58,105253,940],{"class":939},[58,105255,1082],{"class":68},[58,105257,1450],{"class":939},[58,105259,11256],{"class":943},[58,105261,940],{"class":939},[58,105263,7447],{"class":68},[58,105265,105266],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,105267,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105269,105270,105273,105275,105278,105280,105282,105284,105287],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,105271,105272],{"class":286},"common_colors ",[58,105274,290],{"class":77},[58,105276,105277],{"class":286}," colors1",[58,105279,499],{"class":68},[58,105281,104820],{"class":239},[58,105283,69],{"class":68},[58,105285,105286],{"class":239},"colors2",[58,105288,243],{"class":68},[58,105290,105291],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,105292,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105294,105295,105297,105299,105302],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,105296,65],{"class":64},[58,105298,69],{"class":68},[58,105300,105301],{"class":239},"common_colors",[58,105303,243],{"class":68},[16,105305,132],{},[49,105307,105309],{"className":51,"code":105308,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,105310,105311],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105312,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105314,7416],{"class":68},[58,105316,1396],{"class":939},[58,105318,11256],{"class":943},[58,105320,1396],{"class":939},[58,105322,1082],{"class":68},[58,105324,1391],{"class":939},[58,105326,15606],{"class":943},[58,105328,1396],{"class":939},[58,105330,7447],{"class":68},[16,105332,9827],{},[28,105334,105335,105341,105345,105350],{},[31,105336,105337,105340],{},[20,105338,105339],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[31,105342,105343,105340],{},[20,105344,105286],{},[31,105346,105347,105349],{},[20,105348,100968],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[31,105351,105352,105353],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[20,105354,105301],{},[44,105356,6552,105358,99335],{"id":105357},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[20,105359,100968],{},[16,105361,105362,105363,499],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[20,105364,100968],{},[16,105366,105367,105368,105370],{},"Only the values found in ",[1855,105369,1827],{}," inputs will be kept.",[49,105372,105374],{"className":51,"code":105373,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[20,105375,105376,105400,105424,105444,105448,105470],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105377,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105379,637],{"class":286},[58,105381,290],{"class":77},[58,105383,8630],{"class":68},[58,105385,1079],{"class":81},[58,105387,1082],{"class":68},[58,105389,1085],{"class":81},[58,105391,1082],{"class":68},[58,105393,531],{"class":81},[58,105395,1082],{"class":68},[58,105397,537],{"class":81},[58,105399,7447],{"class":68},[58,105401,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105403,665],{"class":286},[58,105405,290],{"class":77},[58,105407,8630],{"class":68},[58,105409,117],{"class":81},[58,105411,1082],{"class":68},[58,105413,531],{"class":81},[58,105415,1082],{"class":68},[58,105417,537],{"class":81},[58,105419,1082],{"class":68},[58,105421,2725],{"class":81},[58,105423,7447],{"class":68},[58,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440,105442],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,105427,81360],{"class":286},[58,105429,290],{"class":77},[58,105431,8630],{"class":68},[58,105433,123],{"class":81},[58,105435,1082],{"class":68},[58,105437,537],{"class":81},[58,105439,1082],{"class":68},[58,105441,35807],{"class":81},[58,105443,7447],{"class":68},[58,105445,105446],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,105447,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105449,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,105451,301],{"class":286},[58,105453,290],{"class":77},[58,105455,55059],{"class":286},[58,105457,499],{"class":68},[58,105459,104820],{"class":239},[58,105461,69],{"class":68},[58,105463,2882],{"class":239},[58,105465,1082],{"class":68},[58,105467,7820],{"class":239},[58,105469,243],{"class":68},[58,105471,105472,105474,105476,105478],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,105473,65],{"class":64},[58,105475,69],{"class":68},[58,105477,340],{"class":239},[58,105479,243],{"class":68},[16,105481,132],{},[49,105483,105484],{"className":51,"code":105024,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,105485,105486],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105487,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105489,7416],{"class":68},[58,105491,123],{"class":81},[58,105493,1082],{"class":68},[58,105495,537],{"class":81},[58,105497,7447],{"class":68},[16,105499,105500],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[16,105502,105503],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[49,105505,105507],{"className":51,"code":105506,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[20,105508,105509,105533,105537,105577],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105510,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105512,637],{"class":286},[58,105514,290],{"class":77},[58,105516,8630],{"class":68},[58,105518,1079],{"class":81},[58,105520,1082],{"class":68},[58,105522,1085],{"class":81},[58,105524,1082],{"class":68},[58,105526,531],{"class":81},[58,105528,1082],{"class":68},[58,105530,537],{"class":81},[58,105532,7447],{"class":68},[58,105534,105535],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105536,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105538,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,105540,301],{"class":286},[58,105542,290],{"class":77},[58,105544,55059],{"class":286},[58,105546,499],{"class":68},[58,105548,104820],{"class":239},[58,105550,1076],{"class":68},[58,105552,117],{"class":81},[58,105554,1082],{"class":68},[58,105556,537],{"class":81},[58,105558,1082],{"class":68},[58,105560,35807],{"class":81},[58,105562,16213],{"class":68},[58,105564,7374],{"class":68},[58,105566,1079],{"class":81},[58,105568,1082],{"class":68},[58,105570,1085],{"class":81},[58,105572,1082],{"class":68},[58,105574,537],{"class":81},[58,105576,85],{"class":68},[58,105578,105579,105581,105583,105585],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,105580,65],{"class":64},[58,105582,69],{"class":68},[58,105584,340],{"class":239},[58,105586,243],{"class":68},[16,105588,132],{},[49,105590,105592],{"className":51,"code":105591,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{2, 4}\n",[20,105593,105594],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105595,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105597,7416],{"class":68},[58,105599,117],{"class":81},[58,105601,1082],{"class":68},[58,105603,537],{"class":81},[58,105605,7447],{"class":68},[44,105607,105609,8725,105611],{"id":105608},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[20,105610,100968],{},[20,105612,105613],{},"intersection_update()",[16,105615,99505],{},[617,105617,105618],{"id":104820},[20,105619,100968],{},[28,105621,105622,105624],{},[31,105623,99514],{},[31,105625,99517],{},[49,105627,105629],{"className":51,"code":105628,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[20,105630,105631,105651,105671,105675,105693,105697,105707],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105632,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105634,637],{"class":286},[58,105636,290],{"class":77},[58,105638,8630],{"class":68},[58,105640,1079],{"class":81},[58,105642,1082],{"class":68},[58,105644,1085],{"class":81},[58,105646,1082],{"class":68},[58,105648,531],{"class":81},[58,105650,7447],{"class":68},[58,105652,105653,105655,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105654,665],{"class":286},[58,105656,290],{"class":77},[58,105658,8630],{"class":68},[58,105660,117],{"class":81},[58,105662,1082],{"class":68},[58,105664,531],{"class":81},[58,105666,1082],{"class":68},[58,105668,537],{"class":81},[58,105670,7447],{"class":68},[58,105672,105673],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,105674,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105676,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,105678,301],{"class":286},[58,105680,290],{"class":77},[58,105682,55059],{"class":286},[58,105684,499],{"class":68},[58,105686,104820],{"class":239},[58,105688,69],{"class":68},[58,105690,2882],{"class":239},[58,105692,243],{"class":68},[58,105694,105695],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,105696,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105698,105699,105701,105703,105705],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,105700,65],{"class":64},[58,105702,69],{"class":68},[58,105704,374],{"class":239},[58,105706,243],{"class":68},[58,105708,105709,105711,105713,105715],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,105710,65],{"class":64},[58,105712,69],{"class":68},[58,105714,340],{"class":239},[58,105716,243],{"class":68},[16,105718,132],{},[49,105720,105722],{"className":51,"code":105721,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[20,105723,105724,105740],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105725,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105727,7416],{"class":68},[58,105729,1079],{"class":81},[58,105731,1082],{"class":68},[58,105733,1085],{"class":81},[58,105735,1082],{"class":68},[58,105737,531],{"class":81},[58,105739,7447],{"class":68},[58,105741,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105743,7416],{"class":68},[58,105745,117],{"class":81},[58,105747,1082],{"class":68},[58,105749,531],{"class":81},[58,105751,7447],{"class":68},[617,105753,105755],{"id":105754},"intersection_update",[20,105756,105613],{},[28,105758,105759,105761],{},[31,105760,99657],{},[31,105762,105763],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[49,105765,105767],{"className":51,"code":105766,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[20,105768,105769,105789,105809,105813,105827,105831],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105770,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105772,637],{"class":286},[58,105774,290],{"class":77},[58,105776,8630],{"class":68},[58,105778,1079],{"class":81},[58,105780,1082],{"class":68},[58,105782,1085],{"class":81},[58,105784,1082],{"class":68},[58,105786,531],{"class":81},[58,105788,7447],{"class":68},[58,105790,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105792,665],{"class":286},[58,105794,290],{"class":77},[58,105796,8630],{"class":68},[58,105798,117],{"class":81},[58,105800,1082],{"class":68},[58,105802,531],{"class":81},[58,105804,1082],{"class":68},[58,105806,537],{"class":81},[58,105808,7447],{"class":68},[58,105810,105811],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,105812,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105814,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,105816,374],{"class":286},[58,105818,499],{"class":68},[58,105820,105754],{"class":239},[58,105822,69],{"class":68},[58,105824,2882],{"class":239},[58,105826,243],{"class":68},[58,105828,105829],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,105830,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,105832,105833,105835,105837,105839],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,105834,65],{"class":64},[58,105836,69],{"class":68},[58,105838,374],{"class":239},[58,105840,243],{"class":68},[16,105842,132],{},[49,105844,105846],{"className":51,"code":105845,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{2, 3}\n",[20,105847,105848],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105849,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105851,7416],{"class":68},[58,105853,117],{"class":81},[58,105855,1082],{"class":68},[58,105857,531],{"class":81},[58,105859,7447],{"class":68},[16,105861,105862,105863,105865],{},"Choose ",[20,105864,100968],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[44,105867,2638],{"id":2637},[16,105869,12881,105870,973],{},[20,105871,100968],{},[28,105873,105874,105877,105880,105883],{},[31,105875,105876],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[31,105878,105879],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[31,105881,105882],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[31,105884,105885,105886],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[20,105887,100968],{},[16,105889,105890],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[28,105892,105893,105898,105901,105914],{},[31,105894,6552,105895,105897],{},[20,105896,100968],{}," when order matters",[31,105899,105900],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[31,105902,35367,105903,6841,105905,966,105910],{},[20,105904,100968],{},[374,105906,105908],{"href":105907},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[20,105909,100976],{},[374,105911,105912],{"href":101017},[20,105913,98591],{},[31,105915,105916],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[16,105918,28292],{},[49,105920,105922],{"className":51,"code":105921,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[20,105923,105924,105934,105948,105966],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105925,105926,105928,105930,105932],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105927,65],{"class":64},[58,105929,69],{"class":68},[58,105931,13815],{"class":239},[58,105933,243],{"class":68},[58,105935,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,105937,65],{"class":64},[58,105939,69],{"class":68},[58,105941,1316],{"class":991},[58,105943,69],{"class":68},[58,105945,340],{"class":239},[58,105947,85],{"class":68},[58,105949,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,105951,65],{"class":64},[58,105953,69],{"class":68},[58,105955,98762],{"class":239},[58,105957,499],{"class":68},[58,105959,104820],{"class":239},[58,105961,69],{"class":68},[58,105963,98771],{"class":239},[58,105965,85],{"class":68},[58,105967,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,105969,65],{"class":64},[58,105971,69],{"class":68},[58,105973,9303],{"class":64},[58,105975,69],{"class":68},[58,105977,340],{"class":239},[58,105979,85],{"class":68},[16,105981,276],{},[49,105983,105985],{"className":51,"code":105984,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[20,105986,105987,106011,106031,106035,106053,106057,106067,106077,106091],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,105988,105989,105991,105993,105995,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,105990,1725],{"class":286},[58,105992,290],{"class":77},[58,105994,8630],{"class":68},[58,105996,1079],{"class":81},[58,105998,1082],{"class":68},[58,106000,1085],{"class":81},[58,106002,1082],{"class":68},[58,106004,1085],{"class":81},[58,106006,1082],{"class":68},[58,106008,531],{"class":81},[58,106010,7447],{"class":68},[58,106012,106013,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106014,41716],{"class":286},[58,106016,290],{"class":77},[58,106018,8630],{"class":68},[58,106020,117],{"class":81},[58,106022,1082],{"class":68},[58,106024,531],{"class":81},[58,106026,1082],{"class":68},[58,106028,537],{"class":81},[58,106030,7447],{"class":68},[58,106032,106033],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,106034,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106036,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,106038,301],{"class":286},[58,106040,290],{"class":77},[58,106042,2381],{"class":286},[58,106044,499],{"class":68},[58,106046,104820],{"class":239},[58,106048,69],{"class":68},[58,106050,28900],{"class":239},[58,106052,243],{"class":68},[58,106054,106055],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,106056,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106058,106059,106061,106063,106065],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,106060,65],{"class":64},[58,106062,69],{"class":68},[58,106064,1757],{"class":239},[58,106066,243],{"class":68},[58,106068,106069,106071,106073,106075],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,106070,65],{"class":64},[58,106072,69],{"class":68},[58,106074,340],{"class":239},[58,106076,243],{"class":68},[58,106078,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087,106089],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,106080,65],{"class":64},[58,106082,69],{"class":68},[58,106084,1316],{"class":991},[58,106086,69],{"class":68},[58,106088,340],{"class":239},[58,106090,85],{"class":68},[58,106092,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,106094,65],{"class":64},[58,106096,69],{"class":68},[58,106098,9303],{"class":64},[58,106100,69],{"class":68},[58,106102,340],{"class":239},[58,106104,85],{"class":68},[16,106106,132],{},[49,106108,106110],{"className":51,"code":106109,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[20,106111,106112,106128,106140,106154],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106113,106114,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106115,7416],{"class":68},[58,106117,1079],{"class":81},[58,106119,1082],{"class":68},[58,106121,1085],{"class":81},[58,106123,1082],{"class":68},[58,106125,531],{"class":81},[58,106127,7447],{"class":68},[58,106129,106130,106132,106134,106136,106138],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106131,7416],{"class":68},[58,106133,117],{"class":81},[58,106135,1082],{"class":68},[58,106137,531],{"class":81},[58,106139,7447],{"class":68},[58,106141,106142,106144,106146,106148,106150,106152],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,106143,1385],{"class":77},[58,106145,1388],{"class":126},[58,106147,1391],{"class":939},[58,106149,4414],{"class":943},[58,106151,1396],{"class":939},[58,106153,1399],{"class":77},[58,106155,106156],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,106157,15206],{"class":81},[16,106159,106160,106161,106163],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[20,106162,117],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[44,106165,1555],{"id":1554},[617,106167,10849,106169,100916],{"id":106168},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[20,106170,100968],{},[16,106172,100919],{},[617,106174,3293,106176,106178],{"id":106175},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[20,106177,100968],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[16,106180,106181],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[617,106183,106185],{"id":106184},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[16,106187,106188],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[617,106190,106192],{"id":106191},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[16,106194,106195],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[49,106197,106198],{"className":51,"code":95635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,106199,106200],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106201,106202,106204],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106203,4414],{"class":991},[58,106205,6779],{"class":68},[44,106207,1603],{"id":1602},[28,106209,106210,106214,106221,106227],{},[31,106211,106212],{},[374,106213,94505],{"href":94504},[31,106215,106216],{},[374,106217,1681,106218,8881],{"href":105907},[20,106219,106220],{},"set.union()",[31,106222,106223],{},[374,106224,1681,106225,8881],{"href":101017},[20,106226,98596],{},[31,106228,106229],{},[374,106230,98521],{"href":103520},[1635,106232,106233],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":106235},[106236,106238,106239,106240,106241,106243,106248,106249,106257],{"id":104849,"depth":88,"text":106237},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":105357,"depth":88,"text":106242},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":105608,"depth":88,"text":106244,"children":106245},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[106246,106247],{"id":104820,"depth":104,"text":100968},{"id":105754,"depth":104,"text":105613},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":106250},[106251,106253,106255,106256],{"id":106168,"depth":104,"text":106252},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":106175,"depth":104,"text":106254},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":106184,"depth":104,"text":106185},{"id":106191,"depth":104,"text":106192},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":104742,"description":106258},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":106265,"title":106266,"body":106267,"description":107503,"extension":1667,"meta":107504,"navigation":318,"path":107505,"seo":107506,"stem":107507,"__hash__":107508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":9,"value":106268,"toc":107470},[106269,106274,106280,106289,106291,106366,106371,106386,106396,106401,106405,106418,106422,106424,106439,106441,106457,106459,106534,106538,106541,106543,106560,106565,106620,106625,106637,106641,106644,106745,106747,106788,106791,106795,106802,106804,106829,106832,106850,106857,106863,106866,106948,106955,106958,107038,107047,107050,107055,107059,107073,107122,107127,107131,107142,107191,107202,107207,107211,107223,107272,107283,107285,107289,107312,107314,107371,107373,107387,107389,107395,107401,107407,107416,107420,107427,107431,107439,107441,107467],[12,106270,94377,106272,9464],{"id":106271},"python-set-pop-method",[20,106273,10908],{},[16,106275,106276,106279],{},[20,106277,106278],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[16,106281,106282,106283,106285,106286,106288],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[1855,106284,2751],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[20,106287,10908],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[44,106290,47],{"id":46},[49,106292,106294],{"className":51,"code":106293,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[20,106295,106296,106328,106342,106346,106356],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106297,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308,106310,106312,106314,106316,106318,106320,106322,106324,106326],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106299,5911],{"class":286},[58,106301,290],{"class":77},[58,106303,8630],{"class":68},[58,106305,940],{"class":939},[58,106307,2196],{"class":943},[58,106309,940],{"class":939},[58,106311,1082],{"class":68},[58,106313,1450],{"class":939},[58,106315,2205],{"class":943},[58,106317,940],{"class":939},[58,106319,1082],{"class":68},[58,106321,1450],{"class":939},[58,106323,2214],{"class":943},[58,106325,940],{"class":939},[58,106327,7447],{"class":68},[58,106329,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106331,68108],{"class":286},[58,106333,290],{"class":77},[58,106335,4092],{"class":286},[58,106337,499],{"class":68},[58,106339,24396],{"class":239},[58,106341,6779],{"class":68},[58,106343,106344],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,106345,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106347,106348,106350,106352,106354],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,106349,65],{"class":64},[58,106351,69],{"class":68},[58,106353,68131],{"class":239},[58,106355,243],{"class":68},[58,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,106359,65],{"class":64},[58,106361,69],{"class":68},[58,106363,5942],{"class":239},[58,106365,243],{"class":68},[16,106367,106368],{},[1855,106369,106370],{},"What this does:",[28,106372,106373,106378,106383],{},[31,106374,106375,106376],{},"Removes one item from ",[20,106377,5942],{},[31,106379,106380,106381],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[20,106382,68131],{},[31,106384,106385],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[16,106387,106388,87137,106390,106392,106393,106395],{},[1855,106389,81995],{},[20,106391,106278],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[1855,106394,2751],{}," chosen by index.",[44,106397,1788,106399,1791],{"id":106398},"what-setpop-does",[20,106400,106278],{},[16,106402,106403,973],{},[20,106404,106278],{},[28,106406,106407,106409,106412,106415],{},[31,106408,101219],{},[31,106410,106411],{},"Returns the removed item",[31,106413,106414],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[31,106416,106417],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[16,106419,94501,106420,499],{},[374,106421,94505],{"href":95676},[44,106423,222],{"id":221},[49,106425,106427],{"className":51,"code":106426,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set.pop()\n",[20,106428,106429],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106430,106431,106433,106435,106437],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106432,13815],{"class":286},[58,106434,499],{"class":68},[58,106436,24396],{"class":239},[58,106438,6779],{"class":68},[16,106440,11198],{},[28,106442,106443,106449,106454],{},[31,106444,106445,106446],{},"The syntax is ",[20,106447,106448],{},"my_set.pop()",[31,106450,106451,106452],{},"It takes ",[1855,106453,26844],{},[31,106455,106456],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[16,106458,276],{},[49,106460,106462],{"className":51,"code":106461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[20,106463,106464,106496,106510,106514,106524],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106465,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106467,11222],{"class":286},[58,106469,290],{"class":77},[58,106471,8630],{"class":68},[58,106473,940],{"class":939},[58,106475,11239],{"class":943},[58,106477,940],{"class":939},[58,106479,1082],{"class":68},[58,106481,1450],{"class":939},[58,106483,11256],{"class":943},[58,106485,940],{"class":939},[58,106487,1082],{"class":68},[58,106489,1450],{"class":939},[58,106491,15606],{"class":943},[58,106493,940],{"class":939},[58,106495,7447],{"class":68},[58,106497,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506,106508],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106499,26694],{"class":286},[58,106501,290],{"class":77},[58,106503,11270],{"class":286},[58,106505,499],{"class":68},[58,106507,24396],{"class":239},[58,106509,6779],{"class":68},[58,106511,106512],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,106513,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106515,106516,106518,106520,106522],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,106517,65],{"class":64},[58,106519,69],{"class":68},[58,106521,21464],{"class":239},[58,106523,243],{"class":68},[58,106525,106526,106528,106530,106532],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,106527,65],{"class":64},[58,106529,69],{"class":68},[58,106531,15653],{"class":239},[58,106533,243],{"class":68},[44,106535,106537],{"id":106536},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[16,106539,106540],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[16,106542,170],{},[28,106544,106545,106551,106554],{},[31,106546,106547,106548,106550],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[20,106549,10908],{}," removes",[31,106552,106553],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[31,106555,106556,106557,106559],{},"You should not use ",[20,106558,10908],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[16,106561,8600,106562,106564],{},[1855,106563,2751],{}," valid:",[49,106566,106568],{"className":51,"code":106567,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[20,106569,106570,106602],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106571,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106573,34401],{"class":286},[58,106575,290],{"class":77},[58,106577,8630],{"class":68},[58,106579,940],{"class":939},[58,106581,2196],{"class":943},[58,106583,940],{"class":939},[58,106585,1082],{"class":68},[58,106587,1450],{"class":939},[58,106589,2205],{"class":943},[58,106591,940],{"class":939},[58,106593,1082],{"class":68},[58,106595,1450],{"class":939},[58,106597,2214],{"class":943},[58,106599,940],{"class":939},[58,106601,7447],{"class":68},[58,106603,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106605,34453],{"class":286},[58,106607,499],{"class":68},[58,106609,24396],{"class":239},[58,106611,69],{"class":68},[58,106613,940],{"class":939},[58,106615,2196],{"class":943},[58,106617,940],{"class":939},[58,106619,243],{"class":68},[16,106621,37818,106622,106624],{},[20,106623,106278],{}," does not accept a value.",[16,106626,106627,106628,966,106632,499],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[374,106629,106630],{"href":96386},[20,106631,101045],{},[374,106633,106635],{"href":106634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[20,106636,101036],{},[44,106638,106640],{"id":106639},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[16,106642,106643],{},"Here is a simple example:",[49,106645,106647],{"className":51,"code":106646,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[20,106648,106649,106683,106687,106703,106707,106726],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106650,106651,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106679,106681],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106652,106653],{"class":286},"animals ",[58,106655,290],{"class":77},[58,106657,8630],{"class":68},[58,106659,940],{"class":939},[58,106661,35210],{"class":943},[58,106663,940],{"class":939},[58,106665,1082],{"class":68},[58,106667,1450],{"class":939},[58,106669,56299],{"class":943},[58,106671,940],{"class":939},[58,106673,1082],{"class":68},[58,106675,1450],{"class":939},[58,106677,106678],{"class":943},"rabbit",[58,106680,940],{"class":939},[58,106682,7447],{"class":68},[58,106684,106685],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106686,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106688,106689,106692,106694,106697,106699,106701],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,106690,106691],{"class":286},"removed_animal ",[58,106693,290],{"class":77},[58,106695,106696],{"class":286}," animals",[58,106698,499],{"class":68},[58,106700,24396],{"class":239},[58,106702,6779],{"class":68},[58,106704,106705],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,106706,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106724],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,106710,65],{"class":64},[58,106712,69],{"class":68},[58,106714,940],{"class":939},[58,106716,27112],{"class":943},[58,106718,940],{"class":939},[58,106720,1082],{"class":68},[58,106722,106723],{"class":239}," removed_animal",[58,106725,243],{"class":68},[58,106727,106728,106730,106732,106734,106737,106739,106741,106743],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,106729,65],{"class":64},[58,106731,69],{"class":68},[58,106733,940],{"class":939},[58,106735,106736],{"class":943},"Updated set:",[58,106738,940],{"class":939},[58,106740,1082],{"class":68},[58,106742,106696],{"class":239},[58,106744,243],{"class":68},[16,106746,28186],{},[49,106748,106750],{"className":51,"code":106749,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[20,106751,106752,106761],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106753,106754,106756,106758],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106755,27154],{"class":286},[58,106757,973],{"class":68},[58,106759,106760],{"class":286}," dog\n",[58,106762,106763,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106764,106765],{"class":286},"Updated ",[58,106767,4414],{"class":991},[58,106769,973],{"class":68},[58,106771,8630],{"class":68},[58,106773,1396],{"class":939},[58,106775,35210],{"class":943},[58,106777,1396],{"class":939},[58,106779,1082],{"class":68},[58,106781,1391],{"class":939},[58,106783,106678],{"class":943},[58,106785,1396],{"class":939},[58,106787,7447],{"class":68},[16,106789,106790],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[44,106792,106794],{"id":106793},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[16,106796,27806,106797,106799,106800,499],{},[20,106798,10908],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[20,106801,17839],{},[16,106803,276],{},[49,106805,106807],{"className":51,"code":106806,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[20,106808,106809,106819],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106810,106811,106813,106815,106817],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106812,5911],{"class":286},[58,106814,290],{"class":77},[58,106816,13782],{"class":991},[58,106818,6779],{"class":68},[58,106820,106821,106823,106825,106827],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106822,5942],{"class":286},[58,106824,499],{"class":68},[58,106826,24396],{"class":239},[58,106828,6779],{"class":68},[16,106830,106831],{},"This raises:",[49,106833,106835],{"className":51,"code":106834,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[20,106836,106837],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106838,106839,106841,106843,106845,106848],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106840,17839],{"class":991},[58,106842,973],{"class":68},[58,106844,1391],{"class":939},[58,106846,106847],{"class":943},"pop from an empty set",[58,106849,27856],{"class":939},[16,106851,106852,106853,106856],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[374,106854,106855],{"href":9215},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[617,106858,106860,106861],{"id":106859},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[20,106862,10908],{},[16,106864,106865],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[49,106867,106869],{"className":51,"code":106868,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[20,106870,106871,106881,106885,106893,106908,106927,106933],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106872,106873,106875,106877,106879],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106874,5911],{"class":286},[58,106876,290],{"class":77},[58,106878,13782],{"class":991},[58,106880,6779],{"class":68},[58,106882,106883],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106884,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106886,106887,106889,106891],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,106888,5127],{"class":1991},[58,106890,4092],{"class":286},[58,106892,4521],{"class":68},[58,106894,106895,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,106896,106897],{"class":286},"    removed ",[58,106899,290],{"class":77},[58,106901,4092],{"class":286},[58,106903,499],{"class":68},[58,106905,24396],{"class":239},[58,106907,6779],{"class":68},[58,106909,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106925],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,106911,6202],{"class":64},[58,106913,69],{"class":68},[58,106915,940],{"class":939},[58,106917,27112],{"class":943},[58,106919,940],{"class":939},[58,106921,1082],{"class":68},[58,106923,106924],{"class":239}," removed",[58,106926,243],{"class":68},[58,106928,106929,106931],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,106930,25589],{"class":1991},[58,106932,4521],{"class":68},[58,106934,106935,106937,106939,106941,106944,106946],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,106936,6202],{"class":64},[58,106938,69],{"class":68},[58,106940,940],{"class":939},[58,106942,106943],{"class":943},"The set is empty.",[58,106945,940],{"class":939},[58,106947,243],{"class":68},[617,106949,155,106951,2512,106953],{"id":106950},"use-try-and-except",[20,106952,27960],{},[20,106954,27991],{},[16,106956,106957],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[49,106959,106961],{"className":51,"code":106960,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[20,106962,106963,106973,106977,106983,106997,107015,107023],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,106964,106965,106967,106969,106971],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,106966,5911],{"class":286},[58,106968,290],{"class":77},[58,106970,13782],{"class":991},[58,106972,6779],{"class":68},[58,106974,106975],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,106976,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,106978,106979,106981],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,106980,27960],{"class":1991},[58,106982,4521],{"class":68},[58,106984,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,106986,106897],{"class":286},[58,106988,290],{"class":77},[58,106990,4092],{"class":286},[58,106992,499],{"class":68},[58,106994,24396],{"class":239},[58,106996,6779],{"class":68},[58,106998,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,107000,6202],{"class":64},[58,107002,69],{"class":68},[58,107004,940],{"class":939},[58,107006,27112],{"class":943},[58,107008,940],{"class":939},[58,107010,1082],{"class":68},[58,107012,106924],{"class":239},[58,107014,243],{"class":68},[58,107016,107017,107019,107021],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,107018,27991],{"class":1991},[58,107020,27994],{"class":991},[58,107022,4521],{"class":68},[58,107024,107025,107027,107029,107031,107034,107036],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,107026,6202],{"class":64},[58,107028,69],{"class":68},[58,107030,940],{"class":939},[58,107032,107033],{"class":943},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[58,107035,940],{"class":939},[58,107037,243],{"class":68},[44,107039,3083,107041,8725,107043,8725,107045],{"id":107040},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[20,107042,10908],{},[20,107044,53700],{},[20,107046,101031],{},[16,107048,107049],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[617,107051,155,107053],{"id":107052},"use-pop",[20,107054,10908],{},[16,107056,155,107057,8741],{},[20,107058,10908],{},[28,107060,107061,107067,107070],{},[31,107062,107063,107064],{},"You want to remove ",[1855,107065,107066],{},"any one item",[31,107068,107069],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[31,107071,107072],{},"You want the removed item returned",[49,107074,107076],{"className":51,"code":107075,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[20,107077,107078,107098,107112],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107079,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107081,1725],{"class":286},[58,107083,290],{"class":77},[58,107085,8630],{"class":68},[58,107087,1079],{"class":81},[58,107089,1082],{"class":68},[58,107091,1085],{"class":81},[58,107093,1082],{"class":68},[58,107095,531],{"class":81},[58,107097,7447],{"class":68},[58,107099,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107101,526],{"class":286},[58,107103,290],{"class":77},[58,107105,2381],{"class":286},[58,107107,499],{"class":68},[58,107109,24396],{"class":239},[58,107111,6779],{"class":68},[58,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,107115,65],{"class":64},[58,107117,69],{"class":68},[58,107119,553],{"class":239},[58,107121,243],{"class":68},[617,107123,155,107125],{"id":107124},"use-remove",[20,107126,53700],{},[16,107128,155,107129,8741],{},[20,107130,53700],{},[28,107132,107133,107139],{},[31,107134,107135,107136],{},"You want to delete a ",[1855,107137,107138],{},"specific item",[31,107140,107141],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[49,107143,107145],{"className":51,"code":107144,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,107146,107147,107167,107181],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107148,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107150,1725],{"class":286},[58,107152,290],{"class":77},[58,107154,8630],{"class":68},[58,107156,1079],{"class":81},[58,107158,1082],{"class":68},[58,107160,1085],{"class":81},[58,107162,1082],{"class":68},[58,107164,531],{"class":81},[58,107166,7447],{"class":68},[58,107168,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107170,1757],{"class":286},[58,107172,499],{"class":68},[58,107174,32954],{"class":239},[58,107176,69],{"class":68},[58,107178,117],{"class":81},[58,107180,243],{"class":68},[58,107182,107183,107185,107187,107189],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,107184,65],{"class":64},[58,107186,69],{"class":68},[58,107188,1757],{"class":239},[58,107190,243],{"class":68},[16,107192,107193,107194,107196,107197,107201],{},"If the item is missing, ",[20,107195,53700],{}," raises an error. See the ",[374,107198,107199,8881],{"href":96386},[20,107200,101045],{}," for details.",[617,107203,155,107205],{"id":107204},"use-discard",[20,107206,101031],{},[16,107208,155,107209,8741],{},[20,107210,101031],{},[28,107212,107213,107217],{},[31,107214,107135,107215],{},[1855,107216,107138],{},[31,107218,107219,107220,107222],{},"You do ",[1855,107221,2751],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[49,107224,107226],{"className":51,"code":107225,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,107227,107228,107248,107262],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107229,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107231,1725],{"class":286},[58,107233,290],{"class":77},[58,107235,8630],{"class":68},[58,107237,1079],{"class":81},[58,107239,1082],{"class":68},[58,107241,1085],{"class":81},[58,107243,1082],{"class":68},[58,107245,531],{"class":81},[58,107247,7447],{"class":68},[58,107249,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107251,1757],{"class":286},[58,107253,499],{"class":68},[58,107255,101098],{"class":239},[58,107257,69],{"class":68},[58,107259,200],{"class":81},[58,107261,243],{"class":68},[58,107263,107264,107266,107268,107270],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,107265,65],{"class":64},[58,107267,69],{"class":68},[58,107269,1757],{"class":239},[58,107271,243],{"class":68},[16,107273,107274,107275,107277,107278,107282],{},"This does nothing if ",[20,107276,200],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[374,107279,107280,8881],{"href":106634},[20,107281,101036],{}," for more examples.",[44,107284,914],{"id":913},[16,107286,69654,107287,973],{},[20,107288,106278],{},[28,107290,107291,107297,107302,107307],{},[31,107292,107293,107294],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[20,107295,107296],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[31,107298,6588,107299,107301],{},[20,107300,10908],{}," to remove the first or last item",[31,107303,27806,107304,107306],{},[20,107305,10908],{}," on an empty set",[31,107308,6552,107309,107311],{},[20,107310,10908],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[16,107313,60468],{},[49,107315,107317],{"className":51,"code":107316,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[20,107318,107319,107329,107343,107357],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107320,107321,107323,107325,107327],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107322,65],{"class":64},[58,107324,69],{"class":68},[58,107326,13815],{"class":239},[58,107328,243],{"class":68},[58,107330,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107332,65],{"class":64},[58,107334,69],{"class":68},[58,107336,9303],{"class":64},[58,107338,69],{"class":68},[58,107340,13815],{"class":239},[58,107342,85],{"class":68},[58,107344,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,107346,65],{"class":64},[58,107348,69],{"class":68},[58,107350,1316],{"class":991},[58,107352,69],{"class":68},[58,107354,13815],{"class":239},[58,107356,85],{"class":68},[58,107358,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,107360,26694],{"class":286},[58,107362,290],{"class":77},[58,107364,95101],{"class":286},[58,107366,499],{"class":68},[58,107368,24396],{"class":239},[58,107370,6779],{"class":68},[16,107372,24163],{},[28,107374,107375,107378,107381,107384],{},[31,107376,107377],{},"What values are in the set",[31,107379,107380],{},"Whether the set is empty",[31,107382,107383],{},"That the object is really a set",[31,107385,107386],{},"What value was actually removed",[44,107388,1555],{"id":1554},[617,107390,10849,107392,107394],{"id":107391},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[20,107393,106278],{}," remove the first item?",[16,107396,107397,107398,107400],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[20,107399,10908],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[617,107402,107404,107405,573],{"id":107403},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[20,107406,106278],{},[16,107408,107409,107410,107412,107413,107415],{},"No. Unlike list ",[20,107411,10908],{},", set ",[20,107414,10908],{}," does not accept an index.",[617,107417,107419],{"id":107418},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[16,107421,69823,107422,42797,107424,107426],{},[20,107423,17839],{},[20,107425,10908],{}," is called on an empty set.",[617,107428,107430],{"id":107429},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[16,107432,155,107433,966,107435,9233,107437,499],{},[20,107434,53700],{},[20,107436,101031],{},[20,107438,10908],{},[44,107440,1603],{"id":1602},[28,107442,107443,107447,107453,107459,107463],{},[31,107444,107445],{},[374,107446,94505],{"href":95676},[31,107448,107449],{},[374,107450,94991,107451,8881],{"href":96386},[20,107452,53700],{},[31,107454,107455],{},[374,107456,94991,107457,8881],{"href":106634},[20,107458,101031],{},[31,107460,107461],{},[374,107462,9404],{"href":9215},[31,107464,107465],{},[374,107466,53686],{"href":53238},[1635,107468,107469],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":107471},[107472,107473,107475,107476,107477,107478,107484,107493,107494,107502],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":106398,"depth":88,"text":107474},"What set.pop() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":106536,"depth":88,"text":106537},{"id":106639,"depth":88,"text":106640},{"id":106793,"depth":88,"text":106794,"children":107479},[107480,107482],{"id":106859,"depth":104,"text":107481},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":106950,"depth":104,"text":107483},"Use try and except",{"id":107040,"depth":88,"text":107485,"children":107486},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[107487,107489,107491],{"id":107052,"depth":104,"text":107488},"Use pop()",{"id":107124,"depth":104,"text":107490},"Use remove()",{"id":107204,"depth":104,"text":107492},"Use discard()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":107495},[107496,107498,107500,107501],{"id":107391,"depth":104,"text":107497},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":107403,"depth":104,"text":107499},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":107418,"depth":104,"text":107419},{"id":107429,"depth":104,"text":107430},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":106266,"description":107503},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":107510,"title":107511,"body":107512,"description":108666,"extension":1667,"meta":108667,"navigation":318,"path":108668,"seo":108669,"stem":108670,"__hash__":108671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":9,"value":107513,"toc":108634},[107514,107519,107524,107533,107535,107600,107604,107628,107635,107640,107644,107659,107662,107664,107683,107697,107700,107748,107752,107768,107770,107843,107847,107872,107878,107886,107890,107897,107952,107957,107974,107980,107986,107991,107999,108006,108010,108018,108073,108075,108092,108096,108103,108168,108172,108205,108207,108219,108226,108228,108233,108240,108242,108311,108315,108323,108325,108389,108393,108398,108445,108450,108518,108526,108533,108536,108542,108547,108551,108553,108556,108558,108563,108568,108574,108579,108586,108594,108600,108603,108605,108631],[12,107515,94377,107517,9464],{"id":107516},"python-set-remove-method",[20,107518,53700],{},[16,107520,107521,107523],{},[20,107522,101045],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[16,107525,107526,107527,107530,107531,499],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[1855,107528,107529],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[20,107532,17839],{},[44,107534,47],{"id":46},[49,107536,107538],{"className":51,"code":107537,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[20,107539,107540,107572,107590],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107541,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107543,11222],{"class":286},[58,107545,290],{"class":77},[58,107547,8630],{"class":68},[58,107549,940],{"class":939},[58,107551,11239],{"class":943},[58,107553,940],{"class":939},[58,107555,1082],{"class":68},[58,107557,1450],{"class":939},[58,107559,11256],{"class":943},[58,107561,940],{"class":939},[58,107563,1082],{"class":68},[58,107565,1450],{"class":939},[58,107567,15606],{"class":943},[58,107569,940],{"class":939},[58,107571,7447],{"class":68},[58,107573,107574,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107575,15653],{"class":286},[58,107577,499],{"class":68},[58,107579,32954],{"class":239},[58,107581,69],{"class":68},[58,107583,940],{"class":939},[58,107585,11256],{"class":943},[58,107587,940],{"class":939},[58,107589,243],{"class":68},[58,107591,107592,107594,107596,107598],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,107593,65],{"class":64},[58,107595,69],{"class":68},[58,107597,15653],{"class":239},[58,107599,243],{"class":68},[16,107601,107602],{},[1855,107603,28186],{},[49,107605,107606],{"className":51,"code":101725,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,107607,107608],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107609,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624,107626],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107611,7416],{"class":68},[58,107613,1396],{"class":939},[58,107615,11239],{"class":943},[58,107617,1396],{"class":939},[58,107619,1082],{"class":68},[58,107621,1391],{"class":939},[58,107623,15606],{"class":943},[58,107625,1396],{"class":939},[58,107627,7447],{"class":68},[16,107629,155,107630,107632,107633,499],{},[20,107631,53700],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[20,107634,17839],{},[44,107636,1788,107638,1791],{"id":107637},"what-setremove-does",[20,107639,101045],{},[16,107641,107642,973],{},[20,107643,101045],{},[28,107645,107646,107649,107651,107653],{},[31,107647,107648],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[31,107650,94492],{},[31,107652,94495],{},[31,107654,107655,107656,107658],{},"Raises ",[20,107657,17839],{}," if the value is missing",[16,107660,107661],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[44,107663,222],{"id":221},[49,107665,107667],{"className":51,"code":107666,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[20,107668,107669],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107672,13815],{"class":286},[58,107674,499],{"class":68},[58,107676,32954],{"class":239},[58,107678,69],{"class":68},[58,107680,553],{"class":239},[58,107682,243],{"class":68},[28,107684,107685,107689,107694],{},[31,107686,107687,101267],{},[20,107688,13815],{},[31,107690,107691,107693],{},[20,107692,553],{}," is the item to remove",[31,107695,107696],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[16,107698,107699],{},"Here is a small example:",[49,107701,107702],{"className":51,"code":107144,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,107703,107704,107724,107738],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107705,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107707,1725],{"class":286},[58,107709,290],{"class":77},[58,107711,8630],{"class":68},[58,107713,1079],{"class":81},[58,107715,1082],{"class":68},[58,107717,1085],{"class":81},[58,107719,1082],{"class":68},[58,107721,531],{"class":81},[58,107723,7447],{"class":68},[58,107725,107726,107728,107730,107732,107734,107736],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107727,1757],{"class":286},[58,107729,499],{"class":68},[58,107731,32954],{"class":239},[58,107733,69],{"class":68},[58,107735,117],{"class":81},[58,107737,243],{"class":68},[58,107739,107740,107742,107744,107746],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,107741,65],{"class":64},[58,107743,69],{"class":68},[58,107745,1757],{"class":239},[58,107747,243],{"class":68},[16,107749,107750],{},[1855,107751,28186],{},[49,107753,107754],{"className":51,"code":99475,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,107755,107756],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107757,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107759,7416],{"class":68},[58,107761,1079],{"class":81},[58,107763,1082],{"class":68},[58,107765,531],{"class":81},[58,107767,7447],{"class":68},[44,107769,9618],{"id":9617},[49,107771,107773],{"className":51,"code":107772,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[20,107774,107775,107807,107811,107829,107833],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107776,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107778,34401],{"class":286},[58,107780,290],{"class":77},[58,107782,8630],{"class":68},[58,107784,940],{"class":939},[58,107786,2196],{"class":943},[58,107788,940],{"class":939},[58,107790,1082],{"class":68},[58,107792,1450],{"class":939},[58,107794,2205],{"class":943},[58,107796,940],{"class":939},[58,107798,1082],{"class":68},[58,107800,1450],{"class":939},[58,107802,31379],{"class":943},[58,107804,940],{"class":939},[58,107806,7447],{"class":68},[58,107808,107809],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107810,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,107812,107813,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,107814,34453],{"class":286},[58,107816,499],{"class":68},[58,107818,32954],{"class":239},[58,107820,69],{"class":68},[58,107822,940],{"class":939},[58,107824,2205],{"class":943},[58,107826,940],{"class":939},[58,107828,243],{"class":68},[58,107830,107831],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,107832,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,107834,107835,107837,107839,107841],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,107836,65],{"class":64},[58,107838,69],{"class":68},[58,107840,34453],{"class":239},[58,107842,243],{"class":68},[16,107844,107845],{},[1855,107846,28186],{},[49,107848,107850],{"className":51,"code":107849,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[20,107851,107852],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107853,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107855,7416],{"class":68},[58,107857,1396],{"class":939},[58,107859,2196],{"class":943},[58,107861,1396],{"class":939},[58,107863,1082],{"class":68},[58,107865,1391],{"class":939},[58,107867,31379],{"class":943},[58,107869,1396],{"class":939},[58,107871,7447],{"class":68},[16,107873,107874,107875,107877],{},"This removes ",[20,107876,63448],{}," from the set.",[16,107879,107880,107881,107883,107884,499],{},"A set does ",[1855,107882,2751],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[374,107885,94509],{"href":96060},[44,107887,107889],{"id":107888},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[16,107891,107892,107893,50665,107895,499],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[20,107894,53700],{},[20,107896,17839],{},[49,107898,107900],{"className":51,"code":107899,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[20,107901,107902,107934],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107903,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107905,11222],{"class":286},[58,107907,290],{"class":77},[58,107909,8630],{"class":68},[58,107911,940],{"class":939},[58,107913,11239],{"class":943},[58,107915,940],{"class":939},[58,107917,1082],{"class":68},[58,107919,1450],{"class":939},[58,107921,11256],{"class":943},[58,107923,940],{"class":939},[58,107925,1082],{"class":68},[58,107927,1450],{"class":939},[58,107929,15606],{"class":943},[58,107931,940],{"class":939},[58,107933,7447],{"class":68},[58,107935,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,107937,15653],{"class":286},[58,107939,499],{"class":68},[58,107941,32954],{"class":239},[58,107943,69],{"class":68},[58,107945,940],{"class":939},[58,107947,20677],{"class":943},[58,107949,940],{"class":939},[58,107951,243],{"class":68},[16,107953,107954],{},[1855,107955,107956],{},"Result:",[49,107958,107960],{"className":51,"code":107959,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[20,107961,107962],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,107963,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,107965,17839],{"class":991},[58,107967,973],{"class":68},[58,107969,1391],{"class":939},[58,107971,20677],{"class":943},[58,107973,27856],{"class":939},[16,107975,20342,107976,107979],{},[20,107977,107978],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[16,107981,107982,107983,107985],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[20,107984,53700],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[16,107987,107988,107989,499],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[374,107990,9404],{"href":9215},[44,107992,2316,107994,107996,107997],{"id":107993},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[20,107995,53700],{}," is different from ",[20,107998,101031],{},[16,108000,108001,2512,108003,108005],{},[20,108002,53700],{},[20,108004,101031],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[617,108007,108008],{"id":32954},[20,108009,53700],{},[28,108011,108012,108015],{},[31,108013,108014],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[31,108016,108017],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[49,108019,108021],{"className":51,"code":108020,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[20,108022,108023,108055],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108024,108025,108027,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108026,34252],{"class":286},[58,108028,290],{"class":77},[58,108030,8630],{"class":68},[58,108032,940],{"class":939},[58,108034,374],{"class":943},[58,108036,940],{"class":939},[58,108038,1082],{"class":68},[58,108040,1450],{"class":939},[58,108042,2882],{"class":943},[58,108044,940],{"class":939},[58,108046,1082],{"class":68},[58,108048,1450],{"class":939},[58,108050,7878],{"class":943},[58,108052,940],{"class":939},[58,108054,7447],{"class":68},[58,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108058,34305],{"class":286},[58,108060,499],{"class":68},[58,108062,32954],{"class":239},[58,108064,69],{"class":68},[58,108066,940],{"class":939},[58,108068,16919],{"class":943},[58,108070,940],{"class":939},[58,108072,243],{"class":68},[16,108074,106831],{},[49,108076,108078],{"className":51,"code":108077,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[20,108079,108080],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108081,108082,108084,108086,108088,108090],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108083,17839],{"class":991},[58,108085,973],{"class":68},[58,108087,1391],{"class":939},[58,108089,16919],{"class":943},[58,108091,27856],{"class":939},[617,108093,108094],{"id":101098},[20,108095,101031],{},[28,108097,108098,108100],{},[31,108099,108014],{},[31,108101,108102],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[49,108104,108106],{"className":51,"code":108105,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,108107,108108,108140,108158],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108109,108110,108112,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136,108138],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108111,34252],{"class":286},[58,108113,290],{"class":77},[58,108115,8630],{"class":68},[58,108117,940],{"class":939},[58,108119,374],{"class":943},[58,108121,940],{"class":939},[58,108123,1082],{"class":68},[58,108125,1450],{"class":939},[58,108127,2882],{"class":943},[58,108129,940],{"class":939},[58,108131,1082],{"class":68},[58,108133,1450],{"class":939},[58,108135,7878],{"class":943},[58,108137,940],{"class":939},[58,108139,7447],{"class":68},[58,108141,108142,108144,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108143,34305],{"class":286},[58,108145,499],{"class":68},[58,108147,101098],{"class":239},[58,108149,69],{"class":68},[58,108151,940],{"class":939},[58,108153,16919],{"class":943},[58,108155,940],{"class":939},[58,108157,243],{"class":68},[58,108159,108160,108162,108164,108166],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,108161,65],{"class":64},[58,108163,69],{"class":68},[58,108165,34305],{"class":239},[58,108167,243],{"class":68},[16,108169,108170],{},[1855,108171,132],{},[49,108173,108175],{"className":51,"code":108174,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[20,108176,108177],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108178,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108180,7416],{"class":68},[58,108182,1396],{"class":939},[58,108184,374],{"class":943},[58,108186,1396],{"class":939},[58,108188,1082],{"class":68},[58,108190,1391],{"class":939},[58,108192,2882],{"class":943},[58,108194,1396],{"class":939},[58,108196,1082],{"class":68},[58,108198,1391],{"class":939},[58,108200,7878],{"class":943},[58,108202,1396],{"class":939},[58,108204,7447],{"class":68},[16,108206,16846],{},[28,108208,108209,108214],{},[31,108210,108211,108213],{},[20,108212,53700],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[31,108215,108216,108218],{},[20,108217,101031],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[16,108220,108221,108222,499],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[374,108223,94991,108224,8881],{"href":106634},[20,108225,101031],{},[44,108227,2638],{"id":2637},[617,108229,6588,108231,95371],{"id":108230},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[20,108232,53700],{},[16,108234,108235,108237,108238,499],{},[20,108236,53700],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[20,108239,1891],{},[16,108241,14793],{},[49,108243,108245],{"className":51,"code":108244,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[20,108246,108247,108279,108301],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108248,108249,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263,108265,108267,108269,108271,108273,108275,108277],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108250,11222],{"class":286},[58,108252,290],{"class":77},[58,108254,8630],{"class":68},[58,108256,940],{"class":939},[58,108258,11239],{"class":943},[58,108260,940],{"class":939},[58,108262,1082],{"class":68},[58,108264,1450],{"class":939},[58,108266,11256],{"class":943},[58,108268,940],{"class":939},[58,108270,1082],{"class":68},[58,108272,1450],{"class":939},[58,108274,15606],{"class":943},[58,108276,940],{"class":939},[58,108278,7447],{"class":68},[58,108280,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108282,11265],{"class":286},[58,108284,290],{"class":77},[58,108286,11270],{"class":286},[58,108288,499],{"class":68},[58,108290,32954],{"class":239},[58,108292,69],{"class":68},[58,108294,940],{"class":939},[58,108296,11256],{"class":943},[58,108298,940],{"class":939},[58,108300,243],{"class":68},[58,108302,108303,108305,108307,108309],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,108304,65],{"class":64},[58,108306,69],{"class":68},[58,108308,11289],{"class":239},[58,108310,243],{"class":68},[16,108312,108313],{},[1855,108314,132],{},[49,108316,108317],{"className":51,"code":9952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,108318,108319],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108320,108321],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108322,9952],{"class":1966},[16,108324,14805],{},[49,108326,108327],{"className":51,"code":107537,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,108328,108329,108361,108379],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108330,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108332,11222],{"class":286},[58,108334,290],{"class":77},[58,108336,8630],{"class":68},[58,108338,940],{"class":939},[58,108340,11239],{"class":943},[58,108342,940],{"class":939},[58,108344,1082],{"class":68},[58,108346,1450],{"class":939},[58,108348,11256],{"class":943},[58,108350,940],{"class":939},[58,108352,1082],{"class":68},[58,108354,1450],{"class":939},[58,108356,15606],{"class":943},[58,108358,940],{"class":939},[58,108360,7447],{"class":68},[58,108362,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108377],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108364,15653],{"class":286},[58,108366,499],{"class":68},[58,108368,32954],{"class":239},[58,108370,69],{"class":68},[58,108372,940],{"class":939},[58,108374,11256],{"class":943},[58,108376,940],{"class":939},[58,108378,243],{"class":68},[58,108380,108381,108383,108385,108387],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,108382,65],{"class":64},[58,108384,69],{"class":68},[58,108386,15653],{"class":239},[58,108388,243],{"class":68},[617,108390,108392],{"id":108391},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[16,108394,108395,108396,499],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[20,108397,17839],{},[49,108399,108401],{"className":51,"code":108400,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[20,108402,108403,108427],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108404,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108406,11222],{"class":286},[58,108408,290],{"class":77},[58,108410,8630],{"class":68},[58,108412,940],{"class":939},[58,108414,11239],{"class":943},[58,108416,940],{"class":939},[58,108418,1082],{"class":68},[58,108420,1450],{"class":939},[58,108422,11256],{"class":943},[58,108424,940],{"class":939},[58,108426,7447],{"class":68},[58,108428,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437,108439,108441,108443],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108430,15653],{"class":286},[58,108432,499],{"class":68},[58,108434,32954],{"class":239},[58,108436,69],{"class":68},[58,108438,940],{"class":939},[58,108440,15606],{"class":943},[58,108442,940],{"class":939},[58,108444,243],{"class":68},[16,108446,108447,108448,973],{},"To check first, you can use ",[20,108449,1998],{},[49,108451,108453],{"className":51,"code":108452,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[20,108454,108455,108479,108483,108499],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108456,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108458,11222],{"class":286},[58,108460,290],{"class":77},[58,108462,8630],{"class":68},[58,108464,940],{"class":939},[58,108466,11239],{"class":943},[58,108468,940],{"class":939},[58,108470,1082],{"class":68},[58,108472,1450],{"class":939},[58,108474,11256],{"class":943},[58,108476,940],{"class":939},[58,108478,7447],{"class":68},[58,108480,108481],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108482,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,108484,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,108486,5127],{"class":1991},[58,108488,1450],{"class":939},[58,108490,15606],{"class":943},[58,108492,940],{"class":939},[58,108494,19326],{"class":77},[58,108496,11270],{"class":286},[58,108498,4521],{"class":68},[58,108500,108501,108504,108506,108508,108510,108512,108514,108516],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,108502,108503],{"class":286},"    colors",[58,108505,499],{"class":68},[58,108507,32954],{"class":239},[58,108509,69],{"class":68},[58,108511,940],{"class":939},[58,108513,15606],{"class":943},[58,108515,940],{"class":939},[58,108517,243],{"class":68},[16,108519,108520,108521,108525],{},"Or use ",[374,108522,108523],{"href":106634},[20,108524,101031],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[617,108527,35367,108529,6841,108531],{"id":108528},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[20,108530,101045],{},[20,108532,53246],{},[16,108534,108535],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[16,108537,108538,108539,108541],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[20,108540,101045],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[16,108543,108544,108545,499],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[374,108546,97255],{"href":97254},[617,108548,108550],{"id":108549},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[16,108552,106540],{},[16,108554,108555],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[44,108557,1555],{"id":1554},[617,108559,10849,108561,95470],{"id":108560},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[20,108562,101045],{},[16,108564,108565,108566,499],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[20,108567,1891],{},[617,108569,28444,108571,108573],{"id":108570},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[20,108572,101045],{}," raise?",[16,108575,28450,108576,108578],{},[20,108577,17839],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[617,108580,19573,108582,966,108584,573],{"id":108581},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[20,108583,53700],{},[20,108585,101031],{},[16,108587,155,108588,108590,108591,108593],{},[20,108589,53700],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[20,108592,101031],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[617,108595,3293,108597,108599],{"id":108596},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[20,108598,101045],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[16,108601,108602],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[44,108604,1603],{"id":1602},[28,108606,108607,108613,108619,108623,108627],{},[31,108608,108609],{},[374,108610,94991,108611,8881],{"href":106634},[20,108612,101031],{},[31,108614,108615],{},[374,108616,94991,108617,8881],{"href":96391},[20,108618,10908],{},[31,108620,108621],{},[374,108622,95515],{"href":96060},[31,108624,108625],{},[374,108626,98521],{"href":97254},[31,108628,108629],{},[374,108630,9404],{"href":9215},[1635,108632,108633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":108635},[108636,108637,108639,108640,108641,108642,108647,108655,108665],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":107637,"depth":88,"text":108638},"What set.remove() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":107888,"depth":88,"text":107889},{"id":107993,"depth":88,"text":108643,"children":108644},"How remove() is different from discard()",[108645,108646],{"id":32954,"depth":104,"text":53700},{"id":101098,"depth":104,"text":101031},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":108648},[108649,108651,108652,108654],{"id":108230,"depth":104,"text":108650},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":108391,"depth":104,"text":108392},{"id":108528,"depth":104,"text":108653},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":108549,"depth":104,"text":108550},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":108656},[108657,108659,108661,108663],{"id":108560,"depth":104,"text":108658},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":108570,"depth":104,"text":108660},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":108581,"depth":104,"text":108662},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":108596,"depth":104,"text":108664},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":107511,"description":108666},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":108673,"title":108674,"body":108675,"description":110048,"extension":1667,"meta":110049,"navigation":318,"path":110050,"seo":110051,"stem":110052,"__hash__":110053},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":9,"value":108676,"toc":110023},[108677,108683,108689,108692,108695,108709,108711,108792,108795,108800,108804,108818,108825,108827,108846,108849,108867,108869,108949,108951,108976,108980,108983,108991,108996,109001,109003,109016,109021,109024,109048,109051,109059,109061,109064,109161,109163,109196,109198,109224,109231,109234,109238,109246,109250,109258,109260,109350,109352,109366,109373,109378,109383,109385,109476,109478,109490,109492,109506,109512,109520,109522,109604,109606,109651,109654,109662,109665,109667,109671,109714,109716,109736,109741,109743,109828,109830,109835,109837,109844,109852,109858,109861,109863,109949,109951,109975,109979,109982,109984,110011,110021],[12,108678,94377,108680,9464],{"id":108679},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[20,108681,108682],{},"symmetric_difference()",[16,108684,108685,108688],{},[20,108686,108687],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[16,108690,108691],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[16,108693,108694],{},"Use it when:",[28,108696,108697,108700,108706],{},[31,108698,108699],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[31,108701,108702,108703,108705],{},"you do ",[1855,108704,2751],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[31,108707,108708],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[44,108710,1715],{"id":1714},[49,108712,108714],{"className":51,"code":108713,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,108715,108716,108736,108756,108760,108779],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108717,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108719,637],{"class":286},[58,108721,290],{"class":77},[58,108723,8630],{"class":68},[58,108725,1079],{"class":81},[58,108727,1082],{"class":68},[58,108729,1085],{"class":81},[58,108731,1082],{"class":68},[58,108733,531],{"class":81},[58,108735,7447],{"class":68},[58,108737,108738,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108739,665],{"class":286},[58,108741,290],{"class":77},[58,108743,8630],{"class":68},[58,108745,123],{"class":81},[58,108747,1082],{"class":68},[58,108749,537],{"class":81},[58,108751,1082],{"class":68},[58,108753,2725],{"class":81},[58,108755,7447],{"class":68},[58,108757,108758],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,108759,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,108761,108762,108764,108766,108768,108770,108773,108775,108777],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,108763,301],{"class":286},[58,108765,290],{"class":77},[58,108767,55059],{"class":286},[58,108769,499],{"class":68},[58,108771,108772],{"class":239},"symmetric_difference",[58,108774,69],{"class":68},[58,108776,2882],{"class":239},[58,108778,243],{"class":68},[58,108780,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,108782,65],{"class":64},[58,108784,69],{"class":68},[58,108786,340],{"class":239},[58,108788,1770],{"class":68},[58,108790,108791],{"class":1773},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[16,108793,108794],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[44,108796,1788,108798,1791],{"id":108797},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[20,108799,108682],{},[16,108801,108802,973],{},[20,108803,108687],{},[28,108805,108806,108809,108812,108815],{},[31,108807,108808],{},"returns a new set",[31,108810,108811],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[31,108813,108814],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[31,108816,108817],{},"does not change the original set",[16,108819,94501,108820,966,108822,499],{},[374,108821,94505],{"href":94504},[374,108823,108824],{"href":94508},"creating a set in Python",[44,108826,222],{"id":221},[49,108828,108830],{"className":51,"code":108829,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[20,108831,108832],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108833,108834,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108835,98762],{"class":286},[58,108837,499],{"class":68},[58,108839,108772],{"class":239},[58,108841,69],{"class":68},[58,108843,98771],{"class":239},[58,108845,243],{"class":68},[16,108847,108848],{},"Notes:",[28,108850,108851,108856,108861,108864],{},[31,108852,108853,108855],{},[20,108854,98762],{}," must be a set",[31,108857,108858,108860],{},[20,108859,98771],{}," can be any iterable",[31,108862,108863],{},"the result is always a set",[31,108865,108866],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[16,108868,276],{},[49,108870,108872],{"className":51,"code":108871,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[20,108873,108874,108895,108916,108920,108939],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108875,108876,108879,108881,108883,108885,108887,108889,108891,108893],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108877,108878],{"class":286},"set1 ",[58,108880,290],{"class":77},[58,108882,8630],{"class":68},[58,108884,1079],{"class":81},[58,108886,1082],{"class":68},[58,108888,1085],{"class":81},[58,108890,1082],{"class":68},[58,108892,531],{"class":81},[58,108894,7447],{"class":68},[58,108896,108897,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912,108914],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,108898,108899],{"class":286},"set2 ",[58,108901,290],{"class":77},[58,108903,8630],{"class":68},[58,108905,123],{"class":81},[58,108907,1082],{"class":68},[58,108909,537],{"class":81},[58,108911,1082],{"class":68},[58,108913,2725],{"class":81},[58,108915,7447],{"class":68},[58,108917,108918],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,108919,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,108921,108922,108924,108926,108929,108931,108933,108935,108937],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,108923,301],{"class":286},[58,108925,290],{"class":77},[58,108927,108928],{"class":286}," set1",[58,108930,499],{"class":68},[58,108932,108772],{"class":239},[58,108934,69],{"class":68},[58,108936,98771],{"class":239},[58,108938,243],{"class":68},[58,108940,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,108942,65],{"class":64},[58,108944,69],{"class":68},[58,108946,340],{"class":239},[58,108948,243],{"class":68},[16,108950,132],{},[49,108952,108954],{"className":51,"code":108953,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,108955,108956],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,108957,108958,108960,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,108959,7416],{"class":68},[58,108961,1079],{"class":81},[58,108963,1082],{"class":68},[58,108965,1085],{"class":81},[58,108967,1082],{"class":68},[58,108969,537],{"class":81},[58,108971,1082],{"class":68},[58,108973,2725],{"class":81},[58,108975,7447],{"class":68},[44,108977,108979],{"id":108978},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[16,108981,108982],{},"The result includes:",[28,108984,108985,108988],{},[31,108986,108987],{},"items only in the first set",[31,108989,108990],{},"items only in the second set",[16,108992,108993,108994,9224],{},"The result does ",[1855,108995,2751],{},[28,108997,108998],{},[31,108999,109000],{},"items shared by both sets",[16,109002,3597],{},[28,109004,109005,109010],{},[31,109006,109007,109008],{},"first set: ",[20,109009,98459],{},[31,109011,109012,109013],{},"second set: ",[20,109014,109015],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[16,109017,2166,109018,109020],{},[20,109019,123],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[16,109022,109023],{},"The output is:",[49,109025,109026],{"className":51,"code":108953,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,109027,109028],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109029,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109031,7416],{"class":68},[58,109033,1079],{"class":81},[58,109035,1082],{"class":68},[58,109037,1085],{"class":81},[58,109039,1082],{"class":68},[58,109041,537],{"class":81},[58,109043,1082],{"class":68},[58,109045,2725],{"class":81},[58,109047,7447],{"class":68},[16,109049,109050],{},"Also remember:",[28,109052,109053,109056],{},[31,109054,109055],{},"sets are unordered",[31,109057,109058],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[44,109060,9618],{"id":9617},[16,109062,109063],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[49,109065,109067],{"className":51,"code":109066,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,109068,109069,109101,109125,109129,109147,109151],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109070,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091,109093,109095,109097,109099],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109072,105202],{"class":286},[58,109074,290],{"class":77},[58,109076,8630],{"class":68},[58,109078,940],{"class":939},[58,109080,11239],{"class":943},[58,109082,940],{"class":939},[58,109084,1082],{"class":68},[58,109086,1450],{"class":939},[58,109088,11256],{"class":943},[58,109090,940],{"class":939},[58,109092,1082],{"class":68},[58,109094,1450],{"class":939},[58,109096,15606],{"class":943},[58,109098,940],{"class":939},[58,109100,7447],{"class":68},[58,109102,109103,109105,109107,109109,109111,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,109104,105235],{"class":286},[58,109106,290],{"class":77},[58,109108,8630],{"class":68},[58,109110,940],{"class":939},[58,109112,15606],{"class":943},[58,109114,940],{"class":939},[58,109116,1082],{"class":68},[58,109118,1450],{"class":939},[58,109120,20677],{"class":943},[58,109122,940],{"class":939},[58,109124,7447],{"class":68},[58,109126,109127],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,109128,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,109130,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,109132,301],{"class":286},[58,109134,290],{"class":77},[58,109136,105277],{"class":286},[58,109138,499],{"class":68},[58,109140,108772],{"class":239},[58,109142,69],{"class":68},[58,109144,105286],{"class":239},[58,109146,243],{"class":68},[58,109148,109149],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,109150,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,109154,65],{"class":64},[58,109156,69],{"class":68},[58,109158,340],{"class":239},[58,109160,243],{"class":68},[16,109162,132],{},[49,109164,109166],{"className":51,"code":109165,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[20,109167,109168],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109169,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192,109194],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109171,7416],{"class":68},[58,109173,1396],{"class":939},[58,109175,11239],{"class":943},[58,109177,1396],{"class":939},[58,109179,1082],{"class":68},[58,109181,1391],{"class":939},[58,109183,11256],{"class":943},[58,109185,1396],{"class":939},[58,109187,1082],{"class":68},[58,109189,1391],{"class":939},[58,109191,20677],{"class":943},[58,109193,1396],{"class":939},[58,109195,7447],{"class":68},[16,109197,11556],{},[28,109199,109200,109205,109216],{},[31,109201,109202,109204],{},[20,109203,94670],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[31,109206,109207,2512,109209,109212,109213,109215],{},[20,109208,63566],{},[20,109210,109211],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[20,109214,105339],{},", so they stay",[31,109217,109218,109220,109221,109223],{},[20,109219,107978],{}," is only in ",[20,109222,105286],{},", so it stays",[44,109225,109227,8725,109229],{"id":109226},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[20,109228,108682],{},[20,109230,98591],{},[16,109232,109233],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[16,109235,109236,973],{},[20,109237,98591],{},[28,109239,109240,109243],{},[31,109241,109242],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[31,109244,109245],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[16,109247,109248,973],{},[20,109249,108682],{},[28,109251,109252,109255],{},[31,109253,109254],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[31,109256,109257],{},"removes shared items",[16,109259,276],{},[49,109261,109263],{"className":51,"code":109262,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109264,109265,109285,109305,109309,109330],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109266,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109268,637],{"class":286},[58,109270,290],{"class":77},[58,109272,8630],{"class":68},[58,109274,1079],{"class":81},[58,109276,1082],{"class":68},[58,109278,1085],{"class":81},[58,109280,1082],{"class":68},[58,109282,531],{"class":81},[58,109284,7447],{"class":68},[58,109286,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,109288,665],{"class":286},[58,109290,290],{"class":77},[58,109292,8630],{"class":68},[58,109294,123],{"class":81},[58,109296,1082],{"class":68},[58,109298,537],{"class":81},[58,109300,1082],{"class":68},[58,109302,2725],{"class":81},[58,109304,7447],{"class":68},[58,109306,109307],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,109308,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,109310,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,109312,65],{"class":64},[58,109314,69],{"class":68},[58,109316,374],{"class":239},[58,109318,499],{"class":68},[58,109320,895],{"class":239},[58,109322,69],{"class":68},[58,109324,2882],{"class":239},[58,109326,3486],{"class":68},[58,109328,109329],{"class":1773},"            # {1, 2}\n",[58,109331,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346,109348],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,109333,65],{"class":64},[58,109335,69],{"class":68},[58,109337,374],{"class":239},[58,109339,499],{"class":68},[58,109341,108772],{"class":239},[58,109343,69],{"class":68},[58,109345,2882],{"class":239},[58,109347,3486],{"class":68},[58,109349,108791],{"class":1773},[16,109351,16846],{},[28,109353,109354,109361],{},[31,109355,109356,109360],{},[374,109357,109358],{"href":101017},[20,109359,98591],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[31,109362,109363,109365],{},[20,109364,108682],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[44,109367,109369,8725,109371],{"id":109368},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[20,109370,108682],{},[20,109372,100976],{},[16,109374,109375,109377],{},[20,109376,100976],{}," combines both sets.",[16,109379,109380,109382],{},[20,109381,108682],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[16,109384,276],{},[49,109386,109388],{"className":51,"code":109387,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109389,109390,109410,109430,109434,109456],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109391,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109393,637],{"class":286},[58,109395,290],{"class":77},[58,109397,8630],{"class":68},[58,109399,1079],{"class":81},[58,109401,1082],{"class":68},[58,109403,1085],{"class":81},[58,109405,1082],{"class":68},[58,109407,531],{"class":81},[58,109409,7447],{"class":68},[58,109411,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,109413,665],{"class":286},[58,109415,290],{"class":77},[58,109417,8630],{"class":68},[58,109419,123],{"class":81},[58,109421,1082],{"class":68},[58,109423,537],{"class":81},[58,109425,1082],{"class":68},[58,109427,2725],{"class":81},[58,109429,7447],{"class":68},[58,109431,109432],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,109433,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,109435,109436,109438,109440,109442,109444,109447,109449,109451,109453],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,109437,65],{"class":64},[58,109439,69],{"class":68},[58,109441,374],{"class":239},[58,109443,499],{"class":68},[58,109445,109446],{"class":239},"union",[58,109448,69],{"class":68},[58,109450,2882],{"class":239},[58,109452,3486],{"class":68},[58,109454,109455],{"class":1773},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[58,109457,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470,109472,109474],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,109459,65],{"class":64},[58,109461,69],{"class":68},[58,109463,374],{"class":239},[58,109465,499],{"class":68},[58,109467,108772],{"class":239},[58,109469,69],{"class":68},[58,109471,2882],{"class":239},[58,109473,3486],{"class":68},[58,109475,108791],{"class":1773},[16,109477,25376],{},[28,109479,109480,109485],{},[31,109481,109482,109484],{},[20,109483,100976],{}," includes everything",[31,109486,109487,109489],{},[20,109488,108682],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[16,109491,16846],{},[28,109493,109494,109501],{},[31,109495,109496,109500],{},[374,109497,109498],{"href":105907},[20,109499,100976],{}," when overlap does not matter",[31,109502,109503,109505],{},[20,109504,108682],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[44,109507,34775,109509,99775],{"id":109508},"using-the-operator",[20,109510,109511],{},"^",[16,109513,109514,109515,109517,109518,499],{},"For sets, the ",[20,109516,109511],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[20,109519,108682],{},[16,109521,276],{},[49,109523,109525],{"className":51,"code":109524,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[20,109526,109527,109547,109567,109571,109589],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109528,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109530,108878],{"class":286},[58,109532,290],{"class":77},[58,109534,8630],{"class":68},[58,109536,1079],{"class":81},[58,109538,1082],{"class":68},[58,109540,1085],{"class":81},[58,109542,1082],{"class":68},[58,109544,531],{"class":81},[58,109546,7447],{"class":68},[58,109548,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,109550,108899],{"class":286},[58,109552,290],{"class":77},[58,109554,8630],{"class":68},[58,109556,123],{"class":81},[58,109558,1082],{"class":68},[58,109560,537],{"class":81},[58,109562,1082],{"class":68},[58,109564,2725],{"class":81},[58,109566,7447],{"class":68},[58,109568,109569],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,109570,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,109572,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,109574,65],{"class":64},[58,109576,69],{"class":68},[58,109578,98762],{"class":239},[58,109580,499],{"class":68},[58,109582,108772],{"class":239},[58,109584,69],{"class":68},[58,109586,98771],{"class":239},[58,109588,85],{"class":68},[58,109590,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109602],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,109592,65],{"class":64},[58,109594,69],{"class":68},[58,109596,108878],{"class":239},[58,109598,109511],{"class":77},[58,109600,109601],{"class":239}," set2",[58,109603,243],{"class":68},[16,109605,28186],{},[49,109607,109609],{"className":51,"code":109608,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109610,109611,109631],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109612,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109614,7416],{"class":68},[58,109616,1079],{"class":81},[58,109618,1082],{"class":68},[58,109620,1085],{"class":81},[58,109622,1082],{"class":68},[58,109624,537],{"class":81},[58,109626,1082],{"class":68},[58,109628,2725],{"class":81},[58,109630,7447],{"class":68},[58,109632,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,109634,7416],{"class":68},[58,109636,1079],{"class":81},[58,109638,1082],{"class":68},[58,109640,1085],{"class":81},[58,109642,1082],{"class":68},[58,109644,537],{"class":81},[58,109646,1082],{"class":68},[58,109648,2725],{"class":81},[58,109650,7447],{"class":68},[16,109652,109653],{},"Both forms:",[28,109655,109656,109659],{},[31,109657,109658],{},"return a new set",[31,109660,109661],{},"do not change the original sets",[16,109663,109664],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[44,109666,2638],{"id":2637},[16,109668,19364,109669,973],{},[20,109670,108682],{},[28,109672,109673,109681,109691,109706],{},[31,109674,109675,109678,109680],{},[1855,109676,109677],{},"Expecting sorted output",[7985,109679],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[31,109682,109683,109686,109688,109690],{},[1855,109684,109685],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[7985,109687],{},[20,109689,108682],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[31,109692,109693,109698,109700,109702,109703,109705],{},[1855,109694,109695,109696],{},"Confusing it with ",[20,109697,98591],{},[7985,109699],{},[20,109701,98591],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[20,109704,108682],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[31,109707,109708,109711,109713],{},[1855,109709,109710],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[7985,109712],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[16,109715,57034],{},[28,109717,109718,109727,109730,109733],{},[31,109719,48661,109720,42797,109722,109726],{},[20,109721,108682],{},[374,109723,109724],{"href":105907},[20,109725,100976],{}," is actually needed",[31,109728,109729],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[31,109731,109732],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[31,109734,109735],{},"being confused by output order",[16,109737,109738,109739,499],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[374,109740,97255],{"href":103520},[16,109742,60468],{},[49,109744,109746],{"className":51,"code":109745,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[20,109747,109748,109758,109768,109786,109800,109814],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109749,109750,109752,109754,109756],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109751,65],{"class":64},[58,109753,69],{"class":68},[58,109755,98762],{"class":239},[58,109757,243],{"class":68},[58,109759,109760,109762,109764,109766],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,109761,65],{"class":64},[58,109763,69],{"class":68},[58,109765,98771],{"class":239},[58,109767,243],{"class":68},[58,109769,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,109771,65],{"class":64},[58,109773,69],{"class":68},[58,109775,98762],{"class":239},[58,109777,499],{"class":68},[58,109779,108772],{"class":239},[58,109781,69],{"class":68},[58,109783,98771],{"class":239},[58,109785,85],{"class":68},[58,109787,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,109789,65],{"class":64},[58,109791,69],{"class":68},[58,109793,108878],{"class":239},[58,109795,109511],{"class":77},[58,109797,109601],{"class":239},[58,109799,243],{"class":68},[58,109801,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,109803,65],{"class":64},[58,109805,69],{"class":68},[58,109807,1316],{"class":991},[58,109809,69],{"class":68},[58,109811,98762],{"class":239},[58,109813,85],{"class":68},[58,109815,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,109817,65],{"class":64},[58,109819,69],{"class":68},[58,109821,1316],{"class":991},[58,109823,69],{"class":68},[58,109825,98771],{"class":239},[58,109827,85],{"class":68},[44,109829,1555],{"id":1554},[617,109831,10849,109833,100916],{"id":109832},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[20,109834,108682],{},[16,109836,100919],{},[617,109838,3303,109840,2512,109842,573],{"id":109839},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[20,109841,108682],{},[20,109843,98591],{},[16,109845,109846,109848,109849,109851],{},[20,109847,98591],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[20,109850,108682],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[617,109853,26484,109855,109857],{"id":109854},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[20,109856,108682],{}," with lists?",[16,109859,109860],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[16,109862,276],{},[49,109864,109866],{"className":51,"code":109865,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[20,109867,109868,109888,109908,109912,109939],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109869,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109871,78832],{"class":286},[58,109873,290],{"class":77},[58,109875,1730],{"class":68},[58,109877,1079],{"class":81},[58,109879,1082],{"class":68},[58,109881,1085],{"class":81},[58,109883,1082],{"class":68},[58,109885,531],{"class":81},[58,109887,1743],{"class":68},[58,109889,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904,109906],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,109891,78853],{"class":286},[58,109893,290],{"class":77},[58,109895,1730],{"class":68},[58,109897,123],{"class":81},[58,109899,1082],{"class":68},[58,109901,537],{"class":81},[58,109903,1082],{"class":68},[58,109905,2725],{"class":81},[58,109907,1743],{"class":68},[58,109909,109910],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,109911,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,109913,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,109915,301],{"class":286},[58,109917,290],{"class":77},[58,109919,13782],{"class":991},[58,109921,69],{"class":68},[58,109923,109924],{"class":239},"list1",[58,109926,6767],{"class":68},[58,109928,108772],{"class":239},[58,109930,69],{"class":68},[58,109932,4414],{"class":991},[58,109934,69],{"class":68},[58,109936,79119],{"class":239},[58,109938,85],{"class":68},[58,109940,109941,109943,109945,109947],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,109942,65],{"class":64},[58,109944,69],{"class":68},[58,109946,340],{"class":239},[58,109948,243],{"class":68},[16,109950,132],{},[49,109952,109953],{"className":51,"code":108953,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,109954,109955],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,109956,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,109958,7416],{"class":68},[58,109960,1079],{"class":81},[58,109962,1082],{"class":68},[58,109964,1085],{"class":81},[58,109966,1082],{"class":68},[58,109968,537],{"class":81},[58,109970,1082],{"class":68},[58,109972,2725],{"class":81},[58,109974,7447],{"class":68},[617,109976,109978],{"id":109977},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[16,109980,109981],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[44,109983,1603],{"id":1602},[28,109985,109986,109990,109995,110001,110007],{},[31,109987,109988],{},[374,109989,94505],{"href":94504},[31,109991,109992],{},[374,109993,109994],{"href":94508},"Creating a set in Python",[31,109996,109997],{},[374,109998,94991,109999,8881],{"href":101017},[20,110000,98591],{},[31,110002,110003],{},[374,110004,94991,110005,8881],{"href":105907},[20,110006,100976],{},[31,110008,110009],{},[374,110010,98521],{"href":103520},[16,110012,110013,110014,257,110016,15222,110018,110020],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[20,110015,98591],{},[20,110017,100976],{},[20,110019,108682],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1635,110022,55413],{},{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":110024},[110025,110026,110028,110029,110030,110031,110033,110035,110037,110038,110047],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":108797,"depth":88,"text":110027},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":108978,"depth":88,"text":108979},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":109226,"depth":88,"text":110032},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":109368,"depth":88,"text":110034},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":109508,"depth":88,"text":110036},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":110039},[110040,110042,110044,110046],{"id":109832,"depth":104,"text":110041},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":109839,"depth":104,"text":110043},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":109854,"depth":104,"text":110045},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":109977,"depth":104,"text":109978},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":108674,"description":110048},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":110055,"title":110056,"body":110057,"description":112120,"extension":1667,"meta":112121,"navigation":318,"path":105907,"seo":112122,"stem":112123,"__hash__":112124},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":9,"value":110058,"toc":112079},[110059,110064,110069,110072,110085,110087,110169,110174,110179,110183,110195,110198,110202,110204,110231,110233,110244,110247,110316,110318,110324,110327,110337,110339,110428,110433,110435,110442,110445,110447,110450,110570,110572,110641,110644,110661,110666,110669,110785,110787,110816,110819,110825,110830,110834,110915,110917,110945,110950,110954,111049,111051,111092,111096,111099,111166,111168,111209,111215,111230,111237,111244,111248,111254,111340,111344,111352,111423,111428,111435,111437,111443,111445,111510,111512,111528,111533,111536,111605,111609,111612,111671,111674,111678,111731,111744,111747,111800,111804,111806,111837,111840,111845,111898,111902,111905,111926,111938,111940,111993,111995,112000,112002,112008,112011,112017,112022,112026,112029,112037,112046,112048,112076],[12,110060,1681,110062,9464],{"id":110061},"python-setunion-method",[20,110063,106220],{},[16,110065,110066,110068],{},[20,110067,106220],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[16,110070,110071],{},"It is useful when you want:",[28,110073,110074,110077,110082],{},[31,110075,110076],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[31,110078,637,110079,110081],{},[1855,110080,98946],{}," as the result",[31,110083,110084],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[44,110086,47],{"id":46},[49,110088,110090],{"className":51,"code":110089,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,110091,110092,110112,110132,110136,110154,110164],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110093,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110095,108878],{"class":286},[58,110097,290],{"class":77},[58,110099,8630],{"class":68},[58,110101,1079],{"class":81},[58,110103,1082],{"class":68},[58,110105,1085],{"class":81},[58,110107,1082],{"class":68},[58,110109,531],{"class":81},[58,110111,7447],{"class":68},[58,110113,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110115,108899],{"class":286},[58,110117,290],{"class":77},[58,110119,8630],{"class":68},[58,110121,123],{"class":81},[58,110123,1082],{"class":68},[58,110125,537],{"class":81},[58,110127,1082],{"class":68},[58,110129,2725],{"class":81},[58,110131,7447],{"class":68},[58,110133,110134],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,110135,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110137,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150,110152],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,110139,301],{"class":286},[58,110141,290],{"class":77},[58,110143,108928],{"class":286},[58,110145,499],{"class":68},[58,110147,109446],{"class":239},[58,110149,69],{"class":68},[58,110151,98771],{"class":239},[58,110153,243],{"class":68},[58,110155,110156,110158,110160,110162],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,110157,65],{"class":64},[58,110159,69],{"class":68},[58,110161,340],{"class":239},[58,110163,243],{"class":68},[58,110165,110166],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,110167,110168],{"class":1773},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[16,110170,110171,110173],{},[20,110172,100976],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[44,110175,1788,110177,1791],{"id":110176},"what-setunion-does",[20,110178,106220],{},[16,110180,110181,973],{},[20,110182,106220],{},[28,110184,110185,110188,110191,110193],{},[31,110186,110187],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[31,110189,110190],{},"keeps only unique values",[31,110192,108808],{},[31,110194,108817],{},[16,110196,110197],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[16,110199,94501,110200,499],{},[374,110201,94505],{"href":95676},[44,110203,222],{"id":221},[49,110205,110207],{"className":51,"code":110206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[20,110208,110209],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110210,110211,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110212,98762],{"class":286},[58,110214,499],{"class":68},[58,110216,109446],{"class":239},[58,110218,69],{"class":68},[58,110220,98771],{"class":239},[58,110222,1082],{"class":68},[58,110224,98798],{"class":239},[58,110226,1082],{"class":68},[58,110228,32613],{"class":64},[58,110230,243],{"class":68},[16,110232,11198],{},[28,110234,110235,110238,110241],{},[31,110236,110237],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[31,110239,110240],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[31,110242,110243],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[16,110245,110246],{},"Example with two sets:",[49,110248,110250],{"className":51,"code":110249,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[20,110251,110252,110268,110284,110288,110306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110253,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110255,637],{"class":286},[58,110257,290],{"class":77},[58,110259,8630],{"class":68},[58,110261,1079],{"class":81},[58,110263,1082],{"class":68},[58,110265,1085],{"class":81},[58,110267,7447],{"class":68},[58,110269,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110271,665],{"class":286},[58,110273,290],{"class":77},[58,110275,8630],{"class":68},[58,110277,117],{"class":81},[58,110279,1082],{"class":68},[58,110281,531],{"class":81},[58,110283,7447],{"class":68},[58,110285,110286],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,110287,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,110291,301],{"class":286},[58,110293,290],{"class":77},[58,110295,55059],{"class":286},[58,110297,499],{"class":68},[58,110299,109446],{"class":239},[58,110301,69],{"class":68},[58,110303,2882],{"class":239},[58,110305,243],{"class":68},[58,110307,110308,110310,110312,110314],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,110309,65],{"class":64},[58,110311,69],{"class":68},[58,110313,340],{"class":239},[58,110315,243],{"class":68},[44,110317,20123],{"id":20122},[16,110319,110320,98943,110322,499],{},[20,110321,106220],{},[1855,110323,98946],{},[16,110325,110326],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[28,110328,110329,110332],{},[31,110330,110331],{},"the original set",[31,110333,110334,110335],{},"all arguments passed to ",[20,110336,100976],{},[16,110338,276],{},[49,110340,110342],{"className":51,"code":110341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[20,110343,110344,110360,110376,110380,110398,110402,110415],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110345,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356,110358],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110347,637],{"class":286},[58,110349,290],{"class":77},[58,110351,8630],{"class":68},[58,110353,1079],{"class":81},[58,110355,1082],{"class":68},[58,110357,1085],{"class":81},[58,110359,7447],{"class":68},[58,110361,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110363,665],{"class":286},[58,110365,290],{"class":77},[58,110367,8630],{"class":68},[58,110369,117],{"class":81},[58,110371,1082],{"class":68},[58,110373,531],{"class":81},[58,110375,7447],{"class":68},[58,110377,110378],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,110379,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110381,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,110383,301],{"class":286},[58,110385,290],{"class":77},[58,110387,55059],{"class":286},[58,110389,499],{"class":68},[58,110391,109446],{"class":239},[58,110393,69],{"class":68},[58,110395,2882],{"class":239},[58,110397,243],{"class":68},[58,110399,110400],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,110401,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110403,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,110405,65],{"class":64},[58,110407,69],{"class":68},[58,110409,340],{"class":239},[58,110411,1770],{"class":68},[58,110413,110414],{"class":1773},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[58,110416,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,110418,65],{"class":64},[58,110420,69],{"class":68},[58,110422,374],{"class":239},[58,110424,1770],{"class":68},[58,110426,110427],{"class":1773},"       # {1, 2}\n",[16,110429,362,110430,110432],{},[20,110431,374],{}," did not change.",[16,110434,109050],{},[28,110436,110437,110439],{},[31,110438,109055],{},[31,110440,110441],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[16,110443,110444],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[44,110446,9618],{"id":9617},[16,110448,110449],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[49,110451,110453],{"className":51,"code":110452,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[20,110454,110455,110488,110521,110525,110545,110549,110559],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110456,110457,110460,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110458,110459],{"class":286},"fruits1 ",[58,110461,290],{"class":77},[58,110463,8630],{"class":68},[58,110465,940],{"class":939},[58,110467,2196],{"class":943},[58,110469,940],{"class":939},[58,110471,1082],{"class":68},[58,110473,1450],{"class":939},[58,110475,2205],{"class":943},[58,110477,940],{"class":939},[58,110479,1082],{"class":68},[58,110481,1450],{"class":939},[58,110483,31379],{"class":943},[58,110485,940],{"class":939},[58,110487,7447],{"class":68},[58,110489,110490,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515,110517,110519],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110491,110492],{"class":286},"fruits2 ",[58,110494,290],{"class":77},[58,110496,8630],{"class":68},[58,110498,940],{"class":939},[58,110500,2205],{"class":943},[58,110502,940],{"class":939},[58,110504,1082],{"class":68},[58,110506,1450],{"class":939},[58,110508,20686],{"class":943},[58,110510,940],{"class":939},[58,110512,1082],{"class":68},[58,110514,1450],{"class":939},[58,110516,31379],{"class":943},[58,110518,940],{"class":939},[58,110520,7447],{"class":68},[58,110522,110523],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,110524,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110526,110527,110529,110531,110534,110536,110538,110540,110543],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,110528,301],{"class":286},[58,110530,290],{"class":77},[58,110532,110533],{"class":286}," fruits1",[58,110535,499],{"class":68},[58,110537,109446],{"class":239},[58,110539,69],{"class":68},[58,110541,110542],{"class":239},"fruits2",[58,110544,243],{"class":68},[58,110546,110547],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,110548,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110550,110551,110553,110555,110557],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,110552,65],{"class":64},[58,110554,69],{"class":68},[58,110556,340],{"class":239},[58,110558,243],{"class":68},[58,110560,110561,110563,110565,110568],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,110562,65],{"class":64},[58,110564,69],{"class":68},[58,110566,110567],{"class":239},"fruits1",[58,110569,243],{"class":68},[16,110571,28186],{},[49,110573,110575],{"className":51,"code":110574,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[20,110576,110577,110613],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110578,110579,110581,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110580,7416],{"class":68},[58,110582,1396],{"class":939},[58,110584,2205],{"class":943},[58,110586,1396],{"class":939},[58,110588,1082],{"class":68},[58,110590,1391],{"class":939},[58,110592,31379],{"class":943},[58,110594,1396],{"class":939},[58,110596,1082],{"class":68},[58,110598,1391],{"class":939},[58,110600,2196],{"class":943},[58,110602,1396],{"class":939},[58,110604,1082],{"class":68},[58,110606,1391],{"class":939},[58,110608,20686],{"class":943},[58,110610,1396],{"class":939},[58,110612,7447],{"class":68},[58,110614,110615,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635,110637,110639],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110616,7416],{"class":68},[58,110618,1396],{"class":939},[58,110620,2205],{"class":943},[58,110622,1396],{"class":939},[58,110624,1082],{"class":68},[58,110626,1391],{"class":939},[58,110628,31379],{"class":943},[58,110630,1396],{"class":939},[58,110632,1082],{"class":68},[58,110634,1391],{"class":939},[58,110636,2196],{"class":943},[58,110638,1396],{"class":939},[58,110640,7447],{"class":68},[16,110642,110643],{},"What this shows:",[28,110645,110646,110653,110656],{},[31,110647,110648,2512,110650,110652],{},[20,110649,63448],{},[20,110651,63875],{}," appear in both sets",[31,110654,110655],{},"they appear only once in the result",[31,110657,110658,110660],{},[20,110659,110567],{}," stays unchanged",[44,110662,6552,110664,99335],{"id":110663},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[20,110665,100976],{},[16,110667,110668],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[49,110670,110672],{"className":51,"code":110671,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,110673,110674,110690,110706,110723,110740,110744,110771,110775],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110675,110676,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110677,108878],{"class":286},[58,110679,290],{"class":77},[58,110681,8630],{"class":68},[58,110683,1079],{"class":81},[58,110685,1082],{"class":68},[58,110687,1085],{"class":81},[58,110689,7447],{"class":68},[58,110691,110692,110694,110696,110698,110700,110702,110704],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110693,108899],{"class":286},[58,110695,290],{"class":77},[58,110697,8630],{"class":68},[58,110699,117],{"class":81},[58,110701,1082],{"class":68},[58,110703,531],{"class":81},[58,110705,7447],{"class":68},[58,110707,110708,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,110709,110710],{"class":286},"set3 ",[58,110712,290],{"class":77},[58,110714,8630],{"class":68},[58,110716,123],{"class":81},[58,110718,1082],{"class":68},[58,110720,537],{"class":81},[58,110722,7447],{"class":68},[58,110724,110725,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736,110738],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,110726,110727],{"class":286},"set4 ",[58,110729,290],{"class":77},[58,110731,8630],{"class":68},[58,110733,586],{"class":81},[58,110735,1082],{"class":68},[58,110737,2725],{"class":81},[58,110739,7447],{"class":68},[58,110741,110742],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,110743,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110745,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110769],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,110747,301],{"class":286},[58,110749,290],{"class":77},[58,110751,108928],{"class":286},[58,110753,499],{"class":68},[58,110755,109446],{"class":239},[58,110757,69],{"class":68},[58,110759,98771],{"class":239},[58,110761,1082],{"class":68},[58,110763,98798],{"class":239},[58,110765,1082],{"class":68},[58,110767,110768],{"class":239}," set4",[58,110770,243],{"class":68},[58,110772,110773],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,110774,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110776,110777,110779,110781,110783],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,110778,65],{"class":64},[58,110780,69],{"class":68},[58,110782,340],{"class":239},[58,110784,243],{"class":68},[16,110786,28186],{},[49,110788,110790],{"className":51,"code":110789,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,110791,110792],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110793,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110795,7416],{"class":68},[58,110797,1079],{"class":81},[58,110799,1082],{"class":68},[58,110801,1085],{"class":81},[58,110803,1082],{"class":68},[58,110805,531],{"class":81},[58,110807,1082],{"class":68},[58,110809,537],{"class":81},[58,110811,1082],{"class":68},[58,110813,2725],{"class":81},[58,110815,7447],{"class":68},[16,110817,110818],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[44,110820,6552,110822,110824],{"id":110821},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[20,110823,100976],{}," with other iterables",[16,110826,110827,110829],{},[20,110828,100976],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[617,110831,110833],{"id":110832},"with-a-list","With a list",[49,110835,110837],{"className":51,"code":110836,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[20,110838,110839,110859,110883,110887,110905],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110840,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110842,1725],{"class":286},[58,110844,290],{"class":77},[58,110846,8630],{"class":68},[58,110848,1079],{"class":81},[58,110850,1082],{"class":68},[58,110852,1085],{"class":81},[58,110854,1082],{"class":68},[58,110856,531],{"class":81},[58,110858,7447],{"class":68},[58,110860,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110862,59220],{"class":286},[58,110864,290],{"class":77},[58,110866,1730],{"class":68},[58,110868,123],{"class":81},[58,110870,1082],{"class":68},[58,110872,537],{"class":81},[58,110874,1082],{"class":68},[58,110876,2725],{"class":81},[58,110878,1082],{"class":68},[58,110880,2725],{"class":81},[58,110882,1743],{"class":68},[58,110884,110885],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,110886,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,110888,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,110890,301],{"class":286},[58,110892,290],{"class":77},[58,110894,2381],{"class":286},[58,110896,499],{"class":68},[58,110898,109446],{"class":239},[58,110900,69],{"class":68},[58,110902,59249],{"class":239},[58,110904,243],{"class":68},[58,110906,110907,110909,110911,110913],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,110908,65],{"class":64},[58,110910,69],{"class":68},[58,110912,340],{"class":239},[58,110914,243],{"class":68},[16,110916,28186],{},[49,110918,110919],{"className":51,"code":110789,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,110920,110921],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110922,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110924,7416],{"class":68},[58,110926,1079],{"class":81},[58,110928,1082],{"class":68},[58,110930,1085],{"class":81},[58,110932,1082],{"class":68},[58,110934,531],{"class":81},[58,110936,1082],{"class":68},[58,110938,537],{"class":81},[58,110940,1082],{"class":68},[58,110942,2725],{"class":81},[58,110944,7447],{"class":68},[16,110946,19130,110947,110949],{},[20,110948,200],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[617,110951,110953],{"id":110952},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[49,110955,110957],{"className":51,"code":110956,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[20,110958,110959,110983,111016,111020,111039],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,110960,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,110962,34252],{"class":286},[58,110964,290],{"class":77},[58,110966,8630],{"class":68},[58,110968,940],{"class":939},[58,110970,374],{"class":943},[58,110972,940],{"class":939},[58,110974,1082],{"class":68},[58,110976,1450],{"class":939},[58,110978,2882],{"class":943},[58,110980,940],{"class":939},[58,110982,7447],{"class":68},[58,110984,110985,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,110986,110987],{"class":286},"more_letters ",[58,110989,290],{"class":77},[58,110991,7374],{"class":68},[58,110993,940],{"class":939},[58,110995,2882],{"class":943},[58,110997,940],{"class":939},[58,110999,1082],{"class":68},[58,111001,1450],{"class":939},[58,111003,7878],{"class":943},[58,111005,940],{"class":939},[58,111007,1082],{"class":68},[58,111009,1450],{"class":939},[58,111011,16919],{"class":943},[58,111013,940],{"class":939},[58,111015,243],{"class":68},[58,111017,111018],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111019,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111021,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111037],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111023,301],{"class":286},[58,111025,290],{"class":77},[58,111027,68270],{"class":286},[58,111029,499],{"class":68},[58,111031,109446],{"class":239},[58,111033,69],{"class":68},[58,111035,111036],{"class":239},"more_letters",[58,111038,243],{"class":68},[58,111040,111041,111043,111045,111047],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,111042,65],{"class":64},[58,111044,69],{"class":68},[58,111046,340],{"class":239},[58,111048,243],{"class":68},[16,111050,28186],{},[49,111052,111054],{"className":51,"code":111053,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[20,111055,111056],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111057,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111059,7416],{"class":68},[58,111061,1396],{"class":939},[58,111063,374],{"class":943},[58,111065,1396],{"class":939},[58,111067,1082],{"class":68},[58,111069,1391],{"class":939},[58,111071,2882],{"class":943},[58,111073,1396],{"class":939},[58,111075,1082],{"class":68},[58,111077,1391],{"class":939},[58,111079,7878],{"class":943},[58,111081,1396],{"class":939},[58,111083,1082],{"class":68},[58,111085,1391],{"class":939},[58,111087,16919],{"class":943},[58,111089,1396],{"class":939},[58,111091,7447],{"class":68},[617,111093,111095],{"id":111094},"with-a-string","With a string",[16,111097,111098],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[49,111100,111102],{"className":51,"code":111101,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,111103,111104,111129,111152,111156],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111105,111106,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111107,111108],{"class":286},"chars ",[58,111110,290],{"class":77},[58,111112,8630],{"class":68},[58,111114,940],{"class":939},[58,111116,374],{"class":943},[58,111118,940],{"class":939},[58,111120,1082],{"class":68},[58,111122,1450],{"class":939},[58,111124,2882],{"class":943},[58,111126,940],{"class":939},[58,111128,7447],{"class":68},[58,111130,111131,111133,111135,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111132,301],{"class":286},[58,111134,290],{"class":77},[58,111136,111137],{"class":286}," chars",[58,111139,499],{"class":68},[58,111141,109446],{"class":239},[58,111143,69],{"class":68},[58,111145,940],{"class":939},[58,111147,35210],{"class":943},[58,111149,940],{"class":939},[58,111151,243],{"class":68},[58,111153,111154],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111155,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111157,111158,111160,111162,111164],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111159,65],{"class":64},[58,111161,69],{"class":68},[58,111163,340],{"class":239},[58,111165,243],{"class":68},[16,111167,28186],{},[49,111169,111171],{"className":51,"code":111170,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[20,111172,111173],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111174,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111176,7416],{"class":68},[58,111178,1396],{"class":939},[58,111180,374],{"class":943},[58,111182,1396],{"class":939},[58,111184,1082],{"class":68},[58,111186,1391],{"class":939},[58,111188,2882],{"class":943},[58,111190,1396],{"class":939},[58,111192,1082],{"class":68},[58,111194,1391],{"class":939},[58,111196,7878],{"class":943},[58,111198,1396],{"class":939},[58,111200,1082],{"class":68},[58,111202,1391],{"class":939},[58,111204,61460],{"class":943},[58,111206,1396],{"class":939},[58,111208,7447],{"class":68},[16,111210,20342,111211,111214],{},[20,111212,111213],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[28,111216,111217,111221,111225],{},[31,111218,111219],{},[20,111220,64655],{},[31,111222,111223],{},[20,111224,16247],{},[31,111226,111227],{},[20,111228,111229],{},"\"t\"",[44,111231,111233,8725,111235],{"id":111232},"union-vs-update",[20,111234,100976],{},[20,111236,13102],{},[16,111238,111239,2512,111241,111243],{},[20,111240,100976],{},[20,111242,13102],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[617,111245,111246],{"id":109446},[20,111247,100976],{},[28,111249,111250,111252],{},[31,111251,108808],{},[31,111253,108817],{},[49,111255,111256],{"className":51,"code":110341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,111257,111258,111274,111290,111294,111312,111316,111328],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111259,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111261,637],{"class":286},[58,111263,290],{"class":77},[58,111265,8630],{"class":68},[58,111267,1079],{"class":81},[58,111269,1082],{"class":68},[58,111271,1085],{"class":81},[58,111273,7447],{"class":68},[58,111275,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111277,665],{"class":286},[58,111279,290],{"class":77},[58,111281,8630],{"class":68},[58,111283,117],{"class":81},[58,111285,1082],{"class":68},[58,111287,531],{"class":81},[58,111289,7447],{"class":68},[58,111291,111292],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111293,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111295,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111297,301],{"class":286},[58,111299,290],{"class":77},[58,111301,55059],{"class":286},[58,111303,499],{"class":68},[58,111305,109446],{"class":239},[58,111307,69],{"class":68},[58,111309,2882],{"class":239},[58,111311,243],{"class":68},[58,111313,111314],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,111315,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111317,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,111319,65],{"class":64},[58,111321,69],{"class":68},[58,111323,340],{"class":239},[58,111325,1770],{"class":68},[58,111327,110414],{"class":1773},[58,111329,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,111331,65],{"class":64},[58,111333,69],{"class":68},[58,111335,374],{"class":239},[58,111337,1770],{"class":68},[58,111339,110427],{"class":1773},[617,111341,111342],{"id":28621},[20,111343,13102],{},[28,111345,111346,111349],{},[31,111347,111348],{},"changes the existing set in place",[31,111350,111351],{},"does not create a separate result set",[49,111353,111355],{"className":51,"code":111354,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[20,111356,111357,111373,111389,111393,111407,111411],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111358,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111360,637],{"class":286},[58,111362,290],{"class":77},[58,111364,8630],{"class":68},[58,111366,1079],{"class":81},[58,111368,1082],{"class":68},[58,111370,1085],{"class":81},[58,111372,7447],{"class":68},[58,111374,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111376,665],{"class":286},[58,111378,290],{"class":77},[58,111380,8630],{"class":68},[58,111382,117],{"class":81},[58,111384,1082],{"class":68},[58,111386,531],{"class":81},[58,111388,7447],{"class":68},[58,111390,111391],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111392,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111394,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111396,374],{"class":286},[58,111398,499],{"class":68},[58,111400,28621],{"class":239},[58,111402,69],{"class":68},[58,111404,2882],{"class":239},[58,111406,243],{"class":68},[58,111408,111409],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,111410,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111412,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,111414,65],{"class":64},[58,111416,69],{"class":68},[58,111418,374],{"class":239},[58,111420,1770],{"class":68},[58,111422,110414],{"class":1773},[16,111424,155,111425,111427],{},[20,111426,100976],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[16,111429,111430,111431,499],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[374,111432,1681,111433,8881],{"href":96696},[20,111434,95491],{},[44,111436,2638],{"id":2637},[617,111438,6588,111440,111442],{"id":111439},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[20,111441,100976],{}," to change the original set",[16,111444,80001],{},[49,111446,111448],{"className":51,"code":111447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[20,111449,111450,111466,111482,111486,111500],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111451,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111453,637],{"class":286},[58,111455,290],{"class":77},[58,111457,8630],{"class":68},[58,111459,1079],{"class":81},[58,111461,1082],{"class":68},[58,111463,1085],{"class":81},[58,111465,7447],{"class":68},[58,111467,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111469,665],{"class":286},[58,111471,290],{"class":77},[58,111473,8630],{"class":68},[58,111475,117],{"class":81},[58,111477,1082],{"class":68},[58,111479,531],{"class":81},[58,111481,7447],{"class":68},[58,111483,111484],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111485,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111487,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111489,374],{"class":286},[58,111491,499],{"class":68},[58,111493,109446],{"class":239},[58,111495,69],{"class":68},[58,111497,2882],{"class":239},[58,111499,243],{"class":68},[58,111501,111502,111504,111506,111508],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,111503,65],{"class":64},[58,111505,69],{"class":68},[58,111507,374],{"class":239},[58,111509,243],{"class":68},[16,111511,132],{},[49,111513,111514],{"className":51,"code":98684,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,111515,111516],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111517,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111519,7416],{"class":68},[58,111521,1079],{"class":81},[58,111523,1082],{"class":68},[58,111525,1085],{"class":81},[58,111527,7447],{"class":68},[16,111529,6631,111530,111532],{},[20,111531,100976],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[16,111534,111535],{},"Fix it like this:",[49,111537,111539],{"className":51,"code":111538,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[20,111540,111541,111557,111573,111577,111595],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111542,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111544,637],{"class":286},[58,111546,290],{"class":77},[58,111548,8630],{"class":68},[58,111550,1079],{"class":81},[58,111552,1082],{"class":68},[58,111554,1085],{"class":81},[58,111556,7447],{"class":68},[58,111558,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111560,665],{"class":286},[58,111562,290],{"class":77},[58,111564,8630],{"class":68},[58,111566,117],{"class":81},[58,111568,1082],{"class":68},[58,111570,531],{"class":81},[58,111572,7447],{"class":68},[58,111574,111575],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111576,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111578,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591,111593],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111580,637],{"class":286},[58,111582,290],{"class":77},[58,111584,55059],{"class":286},[58,111586,499],{"class":68},[58,111588,109446],{"class":239},[58,111590,69],{"class":68},[58,111592,2882],{"class":239},[58,111594,243],{"class":68},[58,111596,111597,111599,111601,111603],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,111598,65],{"class":64},[58,111600,69],{"class":68},[58,111602,374],{"class":239},[58,111604,243],{"class":68},[617,111606,111608],{"id":111607},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[16,111610,111611],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[49,111613,111615],{"className":51,"code":111614,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[20,111616,111617,111633,111649,111653],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111618,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111620,637],{"class":286},[58,111622,290],{"class":77},[58,111624,8630],{"class":68},[58,111626,123],{"class":81},[58,111628,1082],{"class":68},[58,111630,3623],{"class":81},[58,111632,7447],{"class":68},[58,111634,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111636,665],{"class":286},[58,111638,290],{"class":77},[58,111640,8630],{"class":68},[58,111642,117],{"class":81},[58,111644,1082],{"class":68},[58,111646,537],{"class":81},[58,111648,7447],{"class":68},[58,111650,111651],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111652,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,111654,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111656,65],{"class":64},[58,111658,69],{"class":68},[58,111660,374],{"class":239},[58,111662,499],{"class":68},[58,111664,109446],{"class":239},[58,111666,69],{"class":68},[58,111668,2882],{"class":239},[58,111670,85],{"class":68},[16,111672,111673],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[617,111675,111677],{"id":111676},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[49,111679,111681],{"className":51,"code":111680,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[20,111682,111683,111699,111721],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111684,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111686,2187],{"class":286},[58,111688,290],{"class":77},[58,111690,8630],{"class":68},[58,111692,940],{"class":939},[58,111694,56299],{"class":943},[58,111696,940],{"class":939},[58,111698,7447],{"class":68},[58,111700,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111702,301],{"class":286},[58,111704,290],{"class":77},[58,111706,4295],{"class":286},[58,111708,499],{"class":68},[58,111710,109446],{"class":239},[58,111712,69],{"class":68},[58,111714,940],{"class":939},[58,111716,35210],{"class":943},[58,111718,940],{"class":939},[58,111720,243],{"class":68},[58,111722,111723,111725,111727,111729],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111724,65],{"class":64},[58,111726,69],{"class":68},[58,111728,340],{"class":239},[58,111730,243],{"class":68},[16,111732,111733,111734,257,111736,15222,111738,111740,111741,111743],{},"This adds ",[20,111735,64655],{},[20,111737,16247],{},[20,111739,111229],{}," as separate items, not ",[20,111742,111213],{}," as one item.",[16,111745,111746],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[49,111748,111750],{"className":51,"code":111749,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[20,111751,111752,111768,111790],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111753,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111755,2187],{"class":286},[58,111757,290],{"class":77},[58,111759,8630],{"class":68},[58,111761,940],{"class":939},[58,111763,56299],{"class":943},[58,111765,940],{"class":939},[58,111767,7447],{"class":68},[58,111769,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111771,301],{"class":286},[58,111773,290],{"class":77},[58,111775,4295],{"class":286},[58,111777,499],{"class":68},[58,111779,109446],{"class":239},[58,111781,1076],{"class":68},[58,111783,940],{"class":939},[58,111785,35210],{"class":943},[58,111787,940],{"class":939},[58,111789,2004],{"class":68},[58,111791,111792,111794,111796,111798],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111793,65],{"class":64},[58,111795,69],{"class":68},[58,111797,340],{"class":239},[58,111799,243],{"class":68},[617,111801,111803],{"id":111802},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[16,111805,921],{},[49,111807,111809],{"className":51,"code":111808,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[20,111810,111811],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111814,13777],{"class":286},[58,111816,290],{"class":77},[58,111818,8630],{"class":68},[58,111820,1079],{"class":81},[58,111822,1082],{"class":68},[58,111824,1085],{"class":81},[58,111826,1082],{"class":68},[58,111828,1730],{"class":68},[58,111830,123],{"class":81},[58,111832,1082],{"class":68},[58,111834,537],{"class":81},[58,111836,11853],{"class":68},[16,111838,111839],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[16,111841,111842,111843,973],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[20,111844,100976],{},[49,111846,111848],{"className":51,"code":111847,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[20,111849,111850,111866,111888],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111851,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111853,13777],{"class":286},[58,111855,290],{"class":77},[58,111857,8630],{"class":68},[58,111859,1079],{"class":81},[58,111861,1082],{"class":68},[58,111863,1085],{"class":81},[58,111865,7447],{"class":68},[58,111867,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111869,301],{"class":286},[58,111871,290],{"class":77},[58,111873,95101],{"class":286},[58,111875,499],{"class":68},[58,111877,109446],{"class":239},[58,111879,1076],{"class":68},[58,111881,123],{"class":81},[58,111883,1082],{"class":68},[58,111885,537],{"class":81},[58,111887,2004],{"class":68},[58,111889,111890,111892,111894,111896],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111891,65],{"class":64},[58,111893,69],{"class":68},[58,111895,340],{"class":239},[58,111897,243],{"class":68},[44,111899,111901],{"id":111900},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[16,111903,111904],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[28,111906,111907,111913,111920,111923],{},[31,111908,111909,111910,111912],{},"call ",[20,111911,100976],{}," without saving the returned set",[31,111914,111915,111916,6841,111918],{},"confuse ",[20,111917,100976],{},[20,111919,13102],{},[31,111921,111922],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[31,111924,111925],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[16,111927,111928,111929,2512,111933,499],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[374,111930,1681,111931,8881],{"href":100965},[20,111932,104750],{},[374,111934,1681,111936,8881],{"href":111935},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[20,111937,98596],{},[16,111939,60468],{},[49,111941,111943],{"className":51,"code":111942,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[20,111944,111945,111955,111969,111979],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,111946,111947,111949,111951,111953],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,111948,65],{"class":64},[58,111950,69],{"class":68},[58,111952,13815],{"class":239},[58,111954,243],{"class":68},[58,111956,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,111958,65],{"class":64},[58,111960,69],{"class":68},[58,111962,1316],{"class":991},[58,111964,69],{"class":68},[58,111966,13815],{"class":239},[58,111968,85],{"class":68},[58,111970,111971,111973,111975,111977],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,111972,65],{"class":64},[58,111974,69],{"class":68},[58,111976,340],{"class":239},[58,111978,243],{"class":68},[58,111980,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,111982,30310],{"class":64},[58,111984,69],{"class":68},[58,111986,4414],{"class":991},[58,111988,499],{"class":68},[58,111990,109446],{"class":22904},[58,111992,243],{"class":68},[44,111994,1555],{"id":1554},[617,111996,10849,111998,100916],{"id":111997},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[20,111999,106220],{},[16,112001,100919],{},[617,112003,3293,112005,112007],{"id":112004},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[20,112006,100976],{}," combine more than two sets?",[16,112009,112010],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[617,112012,26484,112014,112016],{"id":112013},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[20,112015,100976],{}," with a list or tuple?",[16,112018,40318,112019,112021],{},[20,112020,100976],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[617,112023,112025],{"id":112024},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[16,112027,112028],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[617,112030,3303,112032,2512,112034,573],{"id":112031},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[20,112033,100976],{},[20,112035,112036],{},"|",[16,112038,112039,112040,112042,112043,112045],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[20,112041,112036],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[20,112044,100976],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[44,112047,1603],{"id":1602},[28,112049,112050,112054,112060,112066,112072],{},[31,112051,112052],{},[374,112053,94505],{"href":95676},[31,112055,112056],{},[374,112057,1681,112058,8881],{"href":96696},[20,112059,95491],{},[31,112061,112062],{},[374,112063,1681,112064,8881],{"href":100965},[20,112065,104750],{},[31,112067,112068],{},[374,112069,1681,112070,8881],{"href":111935},[20,112071,98596],{},[31,112073,112074],{},[374,112075,98521],{"href":97254},[1635,112077,112078],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":112080},[112081,112082,112084,112085,112086,112087,112089,112095,112100,112107,112108,112119],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":110176,"depth":88,"text":112083},"What set.union() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":20122,"depth":88,"text":20123},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":110663,"depth":88,"text":112088},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":110821,"depth":88,"text":112090,"children":112091},"Using union() with other iterables",[112092,112093,112094],{"id":110832,"depth":104,"text":110833},{"id":110952,"depth":104,"text":110953},{"id":111094,"depth":104,"text":111095},{"id":111232,"depth":88,"text":112096,"children":112097},"union() vs update()",[112098,112099],{"id":109446,"depth":104,"text":100976},{"id":28621,"depth":104,"text":13102},{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":112101},[112102,112104,112105,112106],{"id":111439,"depth":104,"text":112103},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":111607,"depth":104,"text":111608},{"id":111676,"depth":104,"text":111677},{"id":111802,"depth":104,"text":111803},{"id":111900,"depth":88,"text":111901},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":112109},[112110,112112,112114,112116,112117],{"id":111997,"depth":104,"text":112111},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":112004,"depth":104,"text":112113},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":112013,"depth":104,"text":112115},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":112024,"depth":104,"text":112025},{"id":112031,"depth":104,"text":112118},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":110056,"description":112120},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":112126,"title":112127,"body":112128,"description":114017,"extension":1667,"meta":114018,"navigation":318,"path":94990,"seo":114019,"stem":114020,"__hash__":114021},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":9,"value":112129,"toc":113983},[112130,112135,112140,112148,112150,112208,112213,112218,112222,112234,112237,112311,112316,112318,112320,112339,112341,112358,112361,112388,112390,112460,112464,112466,112472,112474,112535,112540,112542,112599,112603,112608,112673,112675,112695,112702,112706,112711,112796,112799,112806,112909,112913,112918,112976,112979,112990,113004,113011,113069,113076,113079,113089,113093,113151,113155,113221,113224,113282,113289,113296,113299,113303,113312,113381,113385,113391,113479,113489,113493,113497,113501,113504,113565,113570,113627,113631,113633,113668,113675,113677,113731,113738,113742,113745,113810,113819,113825,113882,113884,113889,113893,113897,113900,113907,113915,113919,113924,113928,113934,113936,113971,113980],[12,112131,94377,112133,9464],{"id":112132},"python-set-update-method",[20,112134,13102],{},[16,112136,112137,112139],{},[20,112138,95491],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[16,112141,112142,112143,112147],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[374,112144,112145],{"href":96677},[20,112146,94385],{},", which adds only one item.",[44,112149,1715],{"id":1714},[49,112151,112153],{"className":51,"code":112152,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,112154,112155,112171,112193,112203],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112156,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112158,1725],{"class":286},[58,112160,290],{"class":77},[58,112162,8630],{"class":68},[58,112164,1079],{"class":81},[58,112166,1082],{"class":68},[58,112168,1085],{"class":81},[58,112170,7447],{"class":68},[58,112172,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112174,1757],{"class":286},[58,112176,499],{"class":68},[58,112178,28621],{"class":239},[58,112180,1076],{"class":68},[58,112182,117],{"class":81},[58,112184,1082],{"class":68},[58,112186,531],{"class":81},[58,112188,1082],{"class":68},[58,112190,537],{"class":81},[58,112192,2004],{"class":68},[58,112194,112195,112197,112199,112201],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112196,65],{"class":64},[58,112198,69],{"class":68},[58,112200,1757],{"class":239},[58,112202,243],{"class":68},[58,112204,112205],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112206,112207],{"class":1773},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[16,112209,155,112210,112212],{},[20,112211,13102],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[44,112214,1788,112216,1791],{"id":112215},"what-setupdate-does",[20,112217,95491],{},[16,112219,112220,973],{},[20,112221,95491],{},[28,112223,112224,112227,112229,112232],{},[31,112225,112226],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[31,112228,94492],{},[31,112230,112231],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[31,112233,94495],{},[16,112235,112236],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[49,112238,112240],{"className":51,"code":112239,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,112241,112242,112266,112292,112296,112306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112243,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112245,11222],{"class":286},[58,112247,290],{"class":77},[58,112249,8630],{"class":68},[58,112251,940],{"class":939},[58,112253,11239],{"class":943},[58,112255,940],{"class":939},[58,112257,1082],{"class":68},[58,112259,1450],{"class":939},[58,112261,11256],{"class":943},[58,112263,940],{"class":939},[58,112265,7447],{"class":68},[58,112267,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112269,15653],{"class":286},[58,112271,499],{"class":68},[58,112273,28621],{"class":239},[58,112275,1076],{"class":68},[58,112277,940],{"class":939},[58,112279,11256],{"class":943},[58,112281,940],{"class":939},[58,112283,1082],{"class":68},[58,112285,1450],{"class":939},[58,112287,15606],{"class":943},[58,112289,940],{"class":939},[58,112291,2004],{"class":68},[58,112293,112294],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112295,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112297,112298,112300,112302,112304],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112299,65],{"class":64},[58,112301,69],{"class":68},[58,112303,15653],{"class":239},[58,112305,243],{"class":68},[58,112307,112308],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112309,112310],{"class":1773},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[16,112312,19130,112313,112315],{},[20,112314,109211],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[44,112317,222],{"id":221},[16,112319,5348],{},[49,112321,112323],{"className":51,"code":112322,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[20,112324,112325],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112326,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112328,13815],{"class":286},[58,112330,499],{"class":68},[58,112332,28621],{"class":239},[58,112334,69],{"class":68},[58,112336,1832],{"class":239},[58,112338,243],{"class":68},[16,112340,78377],{},[28,112342,112343,112346,112349,112352,112355],{},[31,112344,112345],{},"A list",[31,112347,112348],{},"A tuple",[31,112350,112351],{},"Another set",[31,112353,112354],{},"A string",[31,112356,112357],{},"Any other iterable",[16,112359,112360],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[49,112362,112364],{"className":51,"code":112363,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[20,112365,112366],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112367,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112369,13815],{"class":286},[58,112371,499],{"class":68},[58,112373,28621],{"class":239},[58,112375,69],{"class":68},[58,112377,374],{"class":239},[58,112379,1082],{"class":68},[58,112381,642],{"class":239},[58,112383,1082],{"class":68},[58,112385,7820],{"class":239},[58,112387,243],{"class":68},[16,112389,276],{},[49,112391,112393],{"className":51,"code":112392,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,112394,112395,112407,112441,112445,112455],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112396,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112398,1936],{"class":286},[58,112400,290],{"class":77},[58,112402,8630],{"class":68},[58,112404,1079],{"class":81},[58,112406,7447],{"class":68},[58,112408,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112410,3483],{"class":286},[58,112412,499],{"class":68},[58,112414,28621],{"class":239},[58,112416,1076],{"class":68},[58,112418,117],{"class":81},[58,112420,1082],{"class":68},[58,112422,531],{"class":81},[58,112424,16213],{"class":68},[58,112426,7374],{"class":68},[58,112428,586],{"class":81},[58,112430,1082],{"class":68},[58,112432,2725],{"class":81},[58,112434,7371],{"class":68},[58,112436,8630],{"class":68},[58,112438,78768],{"class":81},[58,112440,28653],{"class":68},[58,112442,112443],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112444,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112446,112447,112449,112451,112453],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112448,65],{"class":64},[58,112450,69],{"class":68},[58,112452,3483],{"class":239},[58,112454,243],{"class":68},[58,112456,112457],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112458,112459],{"class":1773},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[16,112461,94501,112462,499],{},[374,112463,94509],{"href":96060},[44,112465,20123],{"id":20122},[16,112467,112468,475,112470,499],{},[20,112469,95491],{},[20,112471,1891],{},[16,112473,9858],{},[49,112475,112477],{"className":51,"code":112476,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[20,112478,112479,112495,112517,112521,112531],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112480,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112482,1725],{"class":286},[58,112484,290],{"class":77},[58,112486,8630],{"class":68},[58,112488,1079],{"class":81},[58,112490,1082],{"class":68},[58,112492,1085],{"class":81},[58,112494,7447],{"class":68},[58,112496,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112498,301],{"class":286},[58,112500,290],{"class":77},[58,112502,2381],{"class":286},[58,112504,499],{"class":68},[58,112506,28621],{"class":239},[58,112508,1076],{"class":68},[58,112510,123],{"class":81},[58,112512,1082],{"class":68},[58,112514,537],{"class":81},[58,112516,2004],{"class":68},[58,112518,112519],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112520,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112522,112523,112525,112527,112529],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112524,65],{"class":64},[58,112526,69],{"class":68},[58,112528,340],{"class":239},[58,112530,243],{"class":68},[58,112532,112533],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112534,60004],{"class":1773},[16,112536,112537,112538,499],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[20,112539,340],{},[16,112541,17120],{},[49,112543,112545],{"className":51,"code":112544,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,112546,112547,112563,112581,112585,112595],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112548,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112550,1725],{"class":286},[58,112552,290],{"class":77},[58,112554,8630],{"class":68},[58,112556,1079],{"class":81},[58,112558,1082],{"class":68},[58,112560,1085],{"class":81},[58,112562,7447],{"class":68},[58,112564,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112566,1757],{"class":286},[58,112568,499],{"class":68},[58,112570,28621],{"class":239},[58,112572,1076],{"class":68},[58,112574,123],{"class":81},[58,112576,1082],{"class":68},[58,112578,537],{"class":81},[58,112580,2004],{"class":68},[58,112582,112583],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112584,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112586,112587,112589,112591,112593],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112588,65],{"class":64},[58,112590,69],{"class":68},[58,112592,1757],{"class":239},[58,112594,243],{"class":68},[58,112596,112597],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112598,112207],{"class":1773},[44,112600,112602],{"id":112601},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[16,112604,112605,112606,499],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[20,112607,13102],{},[49,112609,112611],{"className":51,"code":112610,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,112612,112613,112629,112655,112659,112669],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112614,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112616,1725],{"class":286},[58,112618,290],{"class":77},[58,112620,8630],{"class":68},[58,112622,1079],{"class":81},[58,112624,1082],{"class":68},[58,112626,1085],{"class":81},[58,112628,7447],{"class":68},[58,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112632,1757],{"class":286},[58,112634,499],{"class":68},[58,112636,28621],{"class":239},[58,112638,1076],{"class":68},[58,112640,117],{"class":81},[58,112642,1082],{"class":68},[58,112644,531],{"class":81},[58,112646,1082],{"class":68},[58,112648,537],{"class":81},[58,112650,1082],{"class":68},[58,112652,537],{"class":81},[58,112654,2004],{"class":68},[58,112656,112657],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112658,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112660,112661,112663,112665,112667],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112662,65],{"class":64},[58,112664,69],{"class":68},[58,112666,1757],{"class":239},[58,112668,243],{"class":68},[58,112670,112671],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112672,112207],{"class":1773},[16,112674,9827],{},[28,112676,112677,112682,112689],{},[31,112678,112679,112681],{},[20,112680,117],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[31,112683,112684,2512,112686,112688],{},[20,112685,123],{},[20,112687,586],{}," are added",[31,112690,112691,112692,112694],{},"The second ",[20,112693,586],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[16,112696,112697,112698,112701],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[374,112699,112700],{"href":97254},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[44,112703,112705],{"id":112704},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[16,112707,5894,112708,112710],{},[20,112709,13102],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[49,112712,112714],{"className":51,"code":112713,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112715,112716,112737,112758,112762,112778,112782,112792],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112717,112718,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112719,112720],{"class":286},"set_a ",[58,112722,290],{"class":77},[58,112724,8630],{"class":68},[58,112726,1079],{"class":81},[58,112728,1082],{"class":68},[58,112730,1085],{"class":81},[58,112732,1082],{"class":68},[58,112734,531],{"class":81},[58,112736,7447],{"class":68},[58,112738,112739,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112740,112741],{"class":286},"set_b ",[58,112743,290],{"class":77},[58,112745,8630],{"class":68},[58,112747,123],{"class":81},[58,112749,1082],{"class":68},[58,112751,537],{"class":81},[58,112753,1082],{"class":68},[58,112755,2725],{"class":81},[58,112757,7447],{"class":68},[58,112759,112760],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112761,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112763,112764,112767,112769,112771,112773,112776],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112765,112766],{"class":286},"set_a",[58,112768,499],{"class":68},[58,112770,28621],{"class":239},[58,112772,69],{"class":68},[58,112774,112775],{"class":239},"set_b",[58,112777,243],{"class":68},[58,112779,112780],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112781,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112783,112784,112786,112788,112790],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,112785,65],{"class":64},[58,112787,69],{"class":68},[58,112789,112766],{"class":239},[58,112791,243],{"class":68},[58,112793,112794],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,112795,110168],{"class":1773},[16,112797,112798],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[16,112800,112801,112802,499],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[374,112803,112804],{"href":100973},[20,112805,106220],{},[49,112807,112809],{"className":51,"code":112808,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[20,112810,112811,112831,112851,112855,112875,112879,112890,112894,112904],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112812,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112814,112720],{"class":286},[58,112816,290],{"class":77},[58,112818,8630],{"class":68},[58,112820,1079],{"class":81},[58,112822,1082],{"class":68},[58,112824,1085],{"class":81},[58,112826,1082],{"class":68},[58,112828,531],{"class":81},[58,112830,7447],{"class":68},[58,112832,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112834,112741],{"class":286},[58,112836,290],{"class":77},[58,112838,8630],{"class":68},[58,112840,123],{"class":81},[58,112842,1082],{"class":68},[58,112844,537],{"class":81},[58,112846,1082],{"class":68},[58,112848,2725],{"class":81},[58,112850,7447],{"class":68},[58,112852,112853],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112854,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112856,112857,112860,112862,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112858,112859],{"class":286},"combined ",[58,112861,290],{"class":77},[58,112863,112864],{"class":286}," set_a",[58,112866,499],{"class":68},[58,112868,109446],{"class":239},[58,112870,69],{"class":68},[58,112872,112775],{"class":239},[58,112874,243],{"class":68},[58,112876,112877],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112878,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112880,112881,112883,112885,112888],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,112882,65],{"class":64},[58,112884,69],{"class":68},[58,112886,112887],{"class":239},"combined",[58,112889,243],{"class":68},[58,112891,112892],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,112893,110168],{"class":1773},[58,112895,112896,112898,112900,112902],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,112897,65],{"class":64},[58,112899,69],{"class":68},[58,112901,112766],{"class":239},[58,112903,243],{"class":68},[58,112905,112906],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,112907,112908],{"class":1773},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,112910,112912],{"id":112911},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[16,112914,62913,112915,112917],{},[20,112916,13102],{}," adds each character separately.",[49,112919,112921],{"className":51,"code":112920,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,112922,112923,112939,112957,112961,112971],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,112924,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,112926,34252],{"class":286},[58,112928,290],{"class":77},[58,112930,8630],{"class":68},[58,112932,940],{"class":939},[58,112934,240],{"class":943},[58,112936,940],{"class":939},[58,112938,7447],{"class":68},[58,112940,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,112942,34305],{"class":286},[58,112944,499],{"class":68},[58,112946,28621],{"class":239},[58,112948,69],{"class":68},[58,112950,940],{"class":939},[58,112952,35210],{"class":943},[58,112954,940],{"class":939},[58,112956,243],{"class":68},[58,112958,112959],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,112960,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,112962,112963,112965,112967,112969],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,112964,65],{"class":64},[58,112966,69],{"class":68},[58,112968,34305],{"class":239},[58,112970,243],{"class":68},[58,112972,112973],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,112974,112975],{"class":1773},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[16,112977,112978],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[16,112980,112981,12201,112984,112986,112987,112989],{},[20,112982,112983],{},"update(\"cat\")",[1855,112985,2751],{}," add ",[20,112988,111213],{}," as one item. It adds:",[28,112991,112992,112996,113000],{},[31,112993,112994],{},[20,112995,64655],{},[31,112997,112998],{},[20,112999,16247],{},[31,113001,113002],{},[20,113003,111229],{},[16,113005,113006,113007,973],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[374,113008,113009],{"href":96677},[20,113010,94385],{},[49,113012,113014],{"className":51,"code":113013,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[20,113015,113016,113032,113050,113054,113064],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113017,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113019,2187],{"class":286},[58,113021,290],{"class":77},[58,113023,8630],{"class":68},[58,113025,940],{"class":939},[58,113027,56299],{"class":943},[58,113029,940],{"class":939},[58,113031,7447],{"class":68},[58,113033,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113035,2231],{"class":286},[58,113037,499],{"class":68},[58,113039,80280],{"class":239},[58,113041,69],{"class":68},[58,113043,940],{"class":939},[58,113045,35210],{"class":943},[58,113047,940],{"class":939},[58,113049,243],{"class":68},[58,113051,113052],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113053,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113055,113056,113058,113060,113062],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113057,65],{"class":64},[58,113059,69],{"class":68},[58,113061,2231],{"class":239},[58,113063,243],{"class":68},[58,113065,113066],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113067,113068],{"class":1773},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[44,113070,113072,8725,113074],{"id":113071},"update-vs-add",[20,113073,13102],{},[20,113075,94380],{},[16,113077,113078],{},"The difference is simple:",[28,113080,113081,113085],{},[31,113082,113083,94979],{},[20,113084,94380],{},[31,113086,113087,94984],{},[20,113088,13102],{},[16,113090,44208,113091,973],{},[20,113092,94380],{},[49,113094,113096],{"className":51,"code":113095,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,113097,113098,113114,113132,113136,113146],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113099,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113101,34401],{"class":286},[58,113103,290],{"class":77},[58,113105,8630],{"class":68},[58,113107,940],{"class":939},[58,113109,2196],{"class":943},[58,113111,940],{"class":939},[58,113113,7447],{"class":68},[58,113115,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113117,34453],{"class":286},[58,113119,499],{"class":68},[58,113121,80280],{"class":239},[58,113123,69],{"class":68},[58,113125,940],{"class":939},[58,113127,2205],{"class":943},[58,113129,940],{"class":939},[58,113131,243],{"class":68},[58,113133,113134],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113135,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113137,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113139,65],{"class":64},[58,113141,69],{"class":68},[58,113143,34453],{"class":239},[58,113145,243],{"class":68},[58,113147,113148],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113149,113150],{"class":1773},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[16,113152,44208,113153,973],{},[20,113154,13102],{},[49,113156,113158],{"className":51,"code":113157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,113159,113160,113176,113202,113206,113216],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113161,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113163,34401],{"class":286},[58,113165,290],{"class":77},[58,113167,8630],{"class":68},[58,113169,940],{"class":939},[58,113171,2196],{"class":943},[58,113173,940],{"class":939},[58,113175,7447],{"class":68},[58,113177,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113179,34453],{"class":286},[58,113181,499],{"class":68},[58,113183,28621],{"class":239},[58,113185,1076],{"class":68},[58,113187,940],{"class":939},[58,113189,2205],{"class":943},[58,113191,940],{"class":939},[58,113193,1082],{"class":68},[58,113195,1450],{"class":939},[58,113197,31379],{"class":943},[58,113199,940],{"class":939},[58,113201,2004],{"class":68},[58,113203,113204],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113205,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113207,113208,113210,113212,113214],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113209,65],{"class":64},[58,113211,69],{"class":68},[58,113213,34453],{"class":239},[58,113215,243],{"class":68},[58,113217,113218],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113219,113220],{"class":1773},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[16,113222,113223],{},"Important warning with strings:",[49,113225,113227],{"className":51,"code":113226,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,113228,113229,113245,113263,113267,113277],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113230,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113232,34401],{"class":286},[58,113234,290],{"class":77},[58,113236,8630],{"class":68},[58,113238,940],{"class":939},[58,113240,2196],{"class":943},[58,113242,940],{"class":939},[58,113244,7447],{"class":68},[58,113246,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113248,34453],{"class":286},[58,113250,499],{"class":68},[58,113252,28621],{"class":239},[58,113254,69],{"class":68},[58,113256,940],{"class":939},[58,113258,36505],{"class":943},[58,113260,940],{"class":939},[58,113262,243],{"class":68},[58,113264,113265],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113266,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113268,113269,113271,113273,113275],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113270,65],{"class":64},[58,113272,69],{"class":68},[58,113274,34453],{"class":239},[58,113276,243],{"class":68},[58,113278,113279],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113280,113281],{"class":1773},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[16,113283,60279,113284,60352,113287,4760],{},[20,113285,113286],{},"\"kiwi\"",[20,113288,94380],{},[44,113290,113292,8725,113294],{"id":113291},"update-vs-union",[20,113293,13102],{},[20,113295,100976],{},[16,113297,113298],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[617,113300,113301],{"id":28621},[20,113302,13102],{},[28,113304,113305,113308],{},[31,113306,113307],{},"Changes the existing set",[31,113309,9566,113310],{},[20,113311,1891],{},[49,113313,113315],{"className":51,"code":113314,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[20,113316,113317,113333,113349,113353,113367,113377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113318,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113320,637],{"class":286},[58,113322,290],{"class":77},[58,113324,8630],{"class":68},[58,113326,1079],{"class":81},[58,113328,1082],{"class":68},[58,113330,1085],{"class":81},[58,113332,7447],{"class":68},[58,113334,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113336,665],{"class":286},[58,113338,290],{"class":77},[58,113340,8630],{"class":68},[58,113342,117],{"class":81},[58,113344,1082],{"class":68},[58,113346,531],{"class":81},[58,113348,7447],{"class":68},[58,113350,113351],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113352,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113354,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113356,374],{"class":286},[58,113358,499],{"class":68},[58,113360,28621],{"class":239},[58,113362,69],{"class":68},[58,113364,2882],{"class":239},[58,113366,243],{"class":68},[58,113368,113369,113371,113373,113375],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113370,65],{"class":64},[58,113372,69],{"class":68},[58,113374,374],{"class":239},[58,113376,243],{"class":68},[58,113378,113379],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,113380,112908],{"class":1773},[617,113382,113383],{"id":109446},[20,113384,100976],{},[28,113386,113387,113389],{},[31,113388,99514],{},[31,113390,99517],{},[49,113392,113394],{"className":51,"code":113393,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[20,113395,113396,113412,113428,113432,113450,113460,113464,113474],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113399,637],{"class":286},[58,113401,290],{"class":77},[58,113403,8630],{"class":68},[58,113405,1079],{"class":81},[58,113407,1082],{"class":68},[58,113409,1085],{"class":81},[58,113411,7447],{"class":68},[58,113413,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113415,665],{"class":286},[58,113417,290],{"class":77},[58,113419,8630],{"class":68},[58,113421,117],{"class":81},[58,113423,1082],{"class":68},[58,113425,531],{"class":81},[58,113427,7447],{"class":68},[58,113429,113430],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113431,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113433,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113435,81360],{"class":286},[58,113437,290],{"class":77},[58,113439,55059],{"class":286},[58,113441,499],{"class":68},[58,113443,109446],{"class":239},[58,113445,69],{"class":68},[58,113447,2882],{"class":239},[58,113449,243],{"class":68},[58,113451,113452,113454,113456,113458],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113453,65],{"class":64},[58,113455,69],{"class":68},[58,113457,7878],{"class":239},[58,113459,243],{"class":68},[58,113461,113462],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,113463,112908],{"class":1773},[58,113465,113466,113468,113470,113472],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,113467,65],{"class":64},[58,113469,69],{"class":68},[58,113471,374],{"class":239},[58,113473,243],{"class":68},[58,113475,113476],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,113477,113478],{"class":1773},"# {1, 2}\n",[16,113480,105862,113481,113483,113484,113488],{},[20,113482,13102],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[374,113485,113486],{"href":100973},[20,113487,100976],{}," when you want a new set.",[44,113490,113492],{"id":113491},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[16,113494,8888,113495,499],{},[20,113496,95491],{},[617,113498,113500],{"id":113499},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[16,113502,113503],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[49,113505,113507],{"className":51,"code":113506,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[20,113508,113509,113525,113547,113551,113561],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113510,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113512,13777],{"class":286},[58,113514,290],{"class":77},[58,113516,8630],{"class":68},[58,113518,1079],{"class":81},[58,113520,1082],{"class":68},[58,113522,1085],{"class":81},[58,113524,7447],{"class":68},[58,113526,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113528,301],{"class":286},[58,113530,290],{"class":77},[58,113532,95101],{"class":286},[58,113534,499],{"class":68},[58,113536,28621],{"class":239},[58,113538,1076],{"class":68},[58,113540,123],{"class":81},[58,113542,1082],{"class":68},[58,113544,537],{"class":81},[58,113546,2004],{"class":68},[58,113548,113549],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113550,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113552,113553,113555,113557,113559],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113554,65],{"class":64},[58,113556,69],{"class":68},[58,113558,340],{"class":239},[58,113560,243],{"class":68},[58,113562,113563],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113564,60004],{"class":1773},[16,113566,113567,113568,973],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[20,113569,13102],{},[49,113571,113573],{"className":51,"code":113572,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113574,113575,113591,113609,113613,113623],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113576,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113578,13777],{"class":286},[58,113580,290],{"class":77},[58,113582,8630],{"class":68},[58,113584,1079],{"class":81},[58,113586,1082],{"class":68},[58,113588,1085],{"class":81},[58,113590,7447],{"class":68},[58,113592,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113594,13815],{"class":286},[58,113596,499],{"class":68},[58,113598,28621],{"class":239},[58,113600,1076],{"class":68},[58,113602,123],{"class":81},[58,113604,1082],{"class":68},[58,113606,537],{"class":81},[58,113608,2004],{"class":68},[58,113610,113611],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113612,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113614,113615,113617,113619,113621],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113616,65],{"class":64},[58,113618,69],{"class":68},[58,113620,13815],{"class":239},[58,113622,243],{"class":68},[58,113624,113625],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113626,112207],{"class":1773},[617,113628,113630],{"id":113629},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[16,113632,921],{},[49,113634,113636],{"className":51,"code":113635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[20,113637,113638,113654],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113639,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113641,13777],{"class":286},[58,113643,290],{"class":77},[58,113645,8630],{"class":68},[58,113647,1079],{"class":81},[58,113649,1082],{"class":68},[58,113651,1085],{"class":81},[58,113653,7447],{"class":68},[58,113655,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113657,13815],{"class":286},[58,113659,499],{"class":68},[58,113661,28621],{"class":239},[58,113663,69],{"class":68},[58,113665,200],{"class":81},[58,113667,243],{"class":68},[16,113669,60458,113670,6737,113672,113674],{},[20,113671,1098],{},[20,113673,200],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[16,113676,4683],{},[49,113678,113680],{"className":51,"code":113679,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,113681,113682,113698,113712,113716,113726],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113683,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113685,13777],{"class":286},[58,113687,290],{"class":77},[58,113689,8630],{"class":68},[58,113691,1079],{"class":81},[58,113693,1082],{"class":68},[58,113695,1085],{"class":81},[58,113697,7447],{"class":68},[58,113699,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113701,13815],{"class":286},[58,113703,499],{"class":68},[58,113705,28621],{"class":239},[58,113707,1076],{"class":68},[58,113709,200],{"class":81},[58,113711,2004],{"class":68},[58,113713,113714],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113715,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113717,113718,113720,113722,113724],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113719,65],{"class":64},[58,113721,69],{"class":68},[58,113723,13815],{"class":239},[58,113725,243],{"class":68},[58,113727,113728],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113729,113730],{"class":1773},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[16,113732,44081,113733,499],{},[374,113734,23834,113735],{"href":50770},[20,113736,113737],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[617,113739,113741],{"id":113740},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[16,113743,113744],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[49,113746,113748],{"className":51,"code":113747,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[20,113749,113750,113766,113792,113796,113806],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113751,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113753,13777],{"class":286},[58,113755,290],{"class":77},[58,113757,8630],{"class":68},[58,113759,1079],{"class":81},[58,113761,1082],{"class":68},[58,113763,1085],{"class":81},[58,113765,7447],{"class":68},[58,113767,113768,113770,113772,113774,113776,113778,113780,113782,113784,113786,113788,113790],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113769,13815],{"class":286},[58,113771,499],{"class":68},[58,113773,28621],{"class":239},[58,113775,1076],{"class":68},[58,113777,117],{"class":81},[58,113779,1082],{"class":68},[58,113781,1085],{"class":81},[58,113783,1082],{"class":68},[58,113785,1085],{"class":81},[58,113787,1082],{"class":68},[58,113789,531],{"class":81},[58,113791,2004],{"class":68},[58,113793,113794],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113795,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113797,113798,113800,113802,113804],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113799,65],{"class":64},[58,113801,69],{"class":68},[58,113803,13815],{"class":239},[58,113805,243],{"class":68},[58,113807,113808],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113809,112908],{"class":1773},[617,113811,113813,113814,42797,113816,113818],{"id":113812},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[20,113815,13102],{},[20,113817,94380],{}," is better",[16,113820,113821,113822,113824],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[20,113823,94380],{}," is usually the better choice.",[49,113826,113828],{"className":51,"code":113827,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[20,113829,113830,113846,113864,113868,113878],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,113831,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,113833,13777],{"class":286},[58,113835,290],{"class":77},[58,113837,8630],{"class":68},[58,113839,940],{"class":939},[58,113841,56299],{"class":943},[58,113843,940],{"class":939},[58,113845,7447],{"class":68},[58,113847,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,113849,13815],{"class":286},[58,113851,499],{"class":68},[58,113853,80280],{"class":239},[58,113855,69],{"class":68},[58,113857,940],{"class":939},[58,113859,35210],{"class":943},[58,113861,940],{"class":939},[58,113863,243],{"class":68},[58,113865,113866],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,113867,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,113869,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,113871,65],{"class":64},[58,113873,69],{"class":68},[58,113875,13815],{"class":239},[58,113877,243],{"class":68},[58,113879,113880],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,113881,113068],{"class":1773},[44,113883,1555],{"id":1554},[617,113885,10849,113887,95470],{"id":113886},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[20,113888,95491],{},[16,113890,95473,113891,499],{},[20,113892,1891],{},[617,113894,26484,113895,30384],{"id":30381},[20,113896,13102],{},[16,113898,113899],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[617,113901,3303,113903,2512,113905,573],{"id":113902},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[20,113904,94380],{},[20,113906,13102],{},[16,113908,113909,113911,113912,113914],{},[20,113910,94380],{}," adds one item. ",[20,113913,13102],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[617,113916,113918],{"id":113917},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[16,113920,113921,113922,112917],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[20,113923,13102],{},[617,113925,113927],{"id":113926},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[16,113929,155,113930,9233,113932,499],{},[20,113931,100976],{},[20,113933,13102],{},[44,113935,1603],{"id":1602},[28,113937,113938,113945,113952,113958,113964],{},[31,113939,113940],{},[374,113941,113942],{"href":96677},[20,113943,113944],{},"Python set add() method",[31,113946,113947],{},[374,113948,113949],{"href":100973},[20,113950,113951],{},"Python set union() method",[31,113953,113954],{},[374,113955,113956],{"href":96060},[20,113957,95515],{},[31,113959,113960],{},[374,113961,113962],{"href":97254},[20,113963,98521],{},[31,113965,113966],{},[374,113967,113968,113970],{"href":50770},[20,113969,113737],{}," fix",[16,113972,113973,113974,113976,113977,113979],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[20,113975,94385],{}," for a single value and ",[20,113978,106220],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1635,113981,113982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":113984},[113985,113986,113988,113989,113990,113991,113992,113993,113995,114000,114007,114016],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":112215,"depth":88,"text":113987},"What set.update() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":20122,"depth":88,"text":20123},{"id":112601,"depth":88,"text":112602},{"id":112704,"depth":88,"text":112705},{"id":112911,"depth":88,"text":112912},{"id":113071,"depth":88,"text":113994},"update() vs add()",{"id":113291,"depth":88,"text":113996,"children":113997},"update() vs union()",[113998,113999],{"id":28621,"depth":104,"text":13102},{"id":109446,"depth":104,"text":100976},{"id":113491,"depth":88,"text":113492,"children":114001},[114002,114003,114004,114005],{"id":113499,"depth":104,"text":113500},{"id":113629,"depth":104,"text":113630},{"id":113740,"depth":104,"text":113741},{"id":113812,"depth":104,"text":114006},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":114008},[114009,114011,114012,114014,114015],{"id":113886,"depth":104,"text":114010},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":30381,"depth":104,"text":30454},{"id":113902,"depth":104,"text":114013},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":113917,"depth":104,"text":113918},{"id":113926,"depth":104,"text":113927},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112127,"description":114017},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":114023,"title":114024,"body":114025,"description":115791,"extension":1667,"meta":115792,"navigation":318,"path":11937,"seo":115793,"stem":115794,"__hash__":115795},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":9,"value":114026,"toc":115766},[114027,114030,114033,114036,114047,114055,114058,114060,114209,114221,114225,114242,114246,114254,114256,114267,114269,114366,114372,114375,114471,114480,114485,114489,114494,114496,114506,114508,114617,114625,114629,114632,114635,114652,114658,114738,114741,114745,114748,114752,114755,114814,114817,114821,114824,114916,114920,114923,115030,115034,115040,115068,115070,115152,115162,115166,115169,115180,115183,115268,115271,115276,115280,115283,115294,115297,115439,115442,115446,115449,115463,115466,115527,115533,115535,115538,115560,115563,115663,115666,115698,115700,115704,115707,115709,115712,115716,115719,115723,115726,115730,115733,115735,115763],[12,114028,114024],{"id":114029},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[16,114031,114032],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[16,114034,114035],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[28,114037,114038,114041,114044],{},[31,114039,114040],{},"a list inside another list",[31,114042,114043],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[31,114045,114046],{},"a list of dictionaries",[16,114048,98443,114049,2512,114051,114054],{},[1855,114050,10996],{},[1855,114052,114053],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[16,114056,114057],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[44,114059,47],{"id":46},[49,114061,114063],{"className":51,"code":114062,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,114064,114065,114072,114076,114102,114122,114142,114146,114164,114168,114181,114195],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114066,114067,114069],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114068,33251],{"class":1991},[58,114070,114071],{"class":286}," copy\n",[58,114073,114074],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114075,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114077,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114079,10230],{"class":286},[58,114081,290],{"class":77},[58,114083,54465],{"class":68},[58,114085,1079],{"class":81},[58,114087,1082],{"class":68},[58,114089,1085],{"class":81},[58,114091,16213],{"class":68},[58,114093,1730],{"class":68},[58,114095,123],{"class":81},[58,114097,1082],{"class":68},[58,114099,537],{"class":81},[58,114101,51413],{"class":68},[58,114103,114104,114107,114109,114112,114114,114116,114118,114120],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114105,114106],{"class":286},"shallow ",[58,114108,290],{"class":77},[58,114110,114111],{"class":286}," copy",[58,114113,499],{"class":68},[58,114115,11057],{"class":239},[58,114117,69],{"class":68},[58,114119,10277],{"class":239},[58,114121,243],{"class":68},[58,114123,114124,114127,114129,114131,114133,114136,114138,114140],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,114125,114126],{"class":286},"deep ",[58,114128,290],{"class":77},[58,114130,114111],{"class":286},[58,114132,499],{"class":68},[58,114134,114135],{"class":239},"deepcopy",[58,114137,69],{"class":68},[58,114139,10277],{"class":239},[58,114141,243],{"class":68},[58,114143,114144],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,114145,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114147,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,114149,10277],{"class":286},[58,114151,2016],{"class":68},[58,114153,183],{"class":81},[58,114155,11697],{"class":68},[58,114157,11700],{"class":239},[58,114159,69],{"class":68},[58,114161,54518],{"class":81},[58,114163,243],{"class":68},[58,114165,114166],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,114167,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,114171,65],{"class":64},[58,114173,69],{"class":68},[58,114175,10277],{"class":239},[58,114177,1770],{"class":68},[58,114179,114180],{"class":1773},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[58,114182,114183,114185,114187,114190,114192],{"class":60,"line":4565},[58,114184,65],{"class":64},[58,114186,69],{"class":68},[58,114188,114189],{"class":239},"shallow",[58,114191,1770],{"class":68},[58,114193,114194],{"class":1773},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[58,114196,114197,114199,114201,114204,114206],{"class":60,"line":9738},[58,114198,65],{"class":64},[58,114200,69],{"class":68},[58,114202,114203],{"class":239},"deep",[58,114205,1770],{"class":68},[58,114207,114208],{"class":1773},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[16,114210,155,114211,114214,114215,2512,114217,114220],{},[20,114212,114213],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[1855,114216,10996],{},[20,114218,114219],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[44,114222,114224],{"id":114223},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[28,114226,114227,114230,114233,114236,114239],{},[31,114228,114229],{},"What a copy means in Python",[31,114231,114232],{},"How shallow copy works",[31,114234,114235],{},"How deep copy works",[31,114237,114238],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[31,114240,114241],{},"When to use each approach",[44,114243,114245],{"id":114244},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[16,114247,13337,114248,114250,114251,114253],{},[1855,114249,10996],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[1855,114252,2751],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[16,114255,170],{},[28,114257,114258,114261,114264],{},[31,114259,114260],{},"the outer container is new",[31,114262,114263],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[31,114265,114266],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[16,114268,276],{},[49,114270,114272],{"className":51,"code":114271,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,114273,114274,114300,114314,114318,114336,114340,114353],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114275,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114277,10230],{"class":286},[58,114279,290],{"class":77},[58,114281,54465],{"class":68},[58,114283,1079],{"class":81},[58,114285,1082],{"class":68},[58,114287,1085],{"class":81},[58,114289,16213],{"class":68},[58,114291,1730],{"class":68},[58,114293,123],{"class":81},[58,114295,1082],{"class":68},[58,114297,537],{"class":81},[58,114299,51413],{"class":68},[58,114301,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114303,12459],{"class":286},[58,114305,290],{"class":77},[58,114307,10305],{"class":286},[58,114309,499],{"class":68},[58,114311,11057],{"class":239},[58,114313,6779],{"class":68},[58,114315,114316],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114317,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114319,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114321,12478],{"class":286},[58,114323,499],{"class":68},[58,114325,11700],{"class":239},[58,114327,1076],{"class":68},[58,114329,200],{"class":81},[58,114331,1082],{"class":68},[58,114333,35807],{"class":81},[58,114335,2004],{"class":68},[58,114337,114338],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,114339,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114341,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,114343,65],{"class":64},[58,114345,69],{"class":68},[58,114347,10277],{"class":239},[58,114349,1770],{"class":68},[58,114351,114352],{"class":1773},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[58,114354,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,114356,65],{"class":64},[58,114358,69],{"class":68},[58,114360,12478],{"class":239},[58,114362,1770],{"class":68},[58,114364,114365],{"class":1773},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[16,114367,114368,114369,114371],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[20,114370,12478],{},", because the outer list is different.",[16,114373,114374],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[49,114376,114378],{"className":51,"code":114377,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,114379,114380,114406,114420,114424,114442,114446,114458],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114381,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114383,10230],{"class":286},[58,114385,290],{"class":77},[58,114387,54465],{"class":68},[58,114389,1079],{"class":81},[58,114391,1082],{"class":68},[58,114393,1085],{"class":81},[58,114395,16213],{"class":68},[58,114397,1730],{"class":68},[58,114399,123],{"class":81},[58,114401,1082],{"class":68},[58,114403,537],{"class":81},[58,114405,51413],{"class":68},[58,114407,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114409,12459],{"class":286},[58,114411,290],{"class":77},[58,114413,10305],{"class":286},[58,114415,499],{"class":68},[58,114417,11057],{"class":239},[58,114419,6779],{"class":68},[58,114421,114422],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114423,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114425,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114427,12478],{"class":286},[58,114429,2016],{"class":68},[58,114431,183],{"class":81},[58,114433,11697],{"class":68},[58,114435,11700],{"class":239},[58,114437,69],{"class":68},[58,114439,54518],{"class":81},[58,114441,243],{"class":68},[58,114443,114444],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,114445,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114447,114448,114450,114452,114454,114456],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,114449,65],{"class":64},[58,114451,69],{"class":68},[58,114453,10277],{"class":239},[58,114455,1770],{"class":68},[58,114457,114180],{"class":1773},[58,114459,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,114461,65],{"class":64},[58,114463,69],{"class":68},[58,114465,12478],{"class":239},[58,114467,1770],{"class":68},[58,114469,114470],{"class":1773},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[16,114472,114473,114474,2512,114476,114479],{},"Both changed because ",[20,114475,54622],{},[20,114477,114478],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[16,114481,114482,114483,499],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[374,114484,42103],{"href":10209},[44,114486,114488],{"id":114487},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[16,114490,13337,114491,114493],{},[1855,114492,114053],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[16,114495,170],{},[28,114497,114498,114500,114503],{},[31,114499,114260],{},[31,114501,114502],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[31,114504,114505],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[16,114507,276],{},[49,114509,114511],{"className":51,"code":114510,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,114512,114513,114519,114523,114549,114567,114571,114589,114593,114605],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114514,114515,114517],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114516,33251],{"class":1991},[58,114518,114071],{"class":286},[58,114520,114521],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114522,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114524,114525,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543,114545,114547],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114526,10230],{"class":286},[58,114528,290],{"class":77},[58,114530,54465],{"class":68},[58,114532,1079],{"class":81},[58,114534,1082],{"class":68},[58,114536,1085],{"class":81},[58,114538,16213],{"class":68},[58,114540,1730],{"class":68},[58,114542,123],{"class":81},[58,114544,1082],{"class":68},[58,114546,537],{"class":81},[58,114548,51413],{"class":68},[58,114550,114551,114553,114555,114557,114559,114561,114563,114565],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114552,12459],{"class":286},[58,114554,290],{"class":77},[58,114556,114111],{"class":286},[58,114558,499],{"class":68},[58,114560,114135],{"class":239},[58,114562,69],{"class":68},[58,114564,10277],{"class":239},[58,114566,243],{"class":68},[58,114568,114569],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,114570,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114572,114573,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,114574,12478],{"class":286},[58,114576,2016],{"class":68},[58,114578,183],{"class":81},[58,114580,11697],{"class":68},[58,114582,11700],{"class":239},[58,114584,69],{"class":68},[58,114586,54518],{"class":81},[58,114588,243],{"class":68},[58,114590,114591],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,114592,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114594,114595,114597,114599,114601,114603],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,114596,65],{"class":64},[58,114598,69],{"class":68},[58,114600,10277],{"class":239},[58,114602,1770],{"class":68},[58,114604,114352],{"class":1773},[58,114606,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,114608,65],{"class":64},[58,114610,69],{"class":68},[58,114612,12478],{"class":239},[58,114614,1770],{"class":68},[58,114616,114470],{"class":1773},[16,114618,114619,114620,114622,114623,499],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[20,114621,114478],{}," does not change ",[20,114624,54622],{},[44,114626,114628],{"id":114627},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[16,114630,114631],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[16,114633,114634],{},"Common reasons:",[28,114636,114637,114640,114643,114649],{},[31,114638,114639],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[31,114641,114642],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[31,114644,114645,114646,114648],{},"Assignment with ",[20,114647,290],{}," does not make a copy",[31,114650,114651],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[16,114653,114654,114655,114657],{},"For example, this does ",[1855,114656,2751],{}," create a copy:",[49,114659,114661],{"className":51,"code":114660,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,114662,114663,114683,114691,114695,114709,114713,114725],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114664,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114666,10230],{"class":286},[58,114668,290],{"class":77},[58,114670,1730],{"class":68},[58,114672,1079],{"class":81},[58,114674,1082],{"class":68},[58,114676,1085],{"class":81},[58,114678,1082],{"class":68},[58,114680,531],{"class":81},[58,114682,1743],{"class":68},[58,114684,114685,114687,114689],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114686,12459],{"class":286},[58,114688,290],{"class":77},[58,114690,10268],{"class":286},[58,114692,114693],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114694,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114696,114697,114699,114701,114703,114705,114707],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114698,12478],{"class":286},[58,114700,499],{"class":68},[58,114702,11700],{"class":239},[58,114704,69],{"class":68},[58,114706,586],{"class":81},[58,114708,243],{"class":68},[58,114710,114711],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,114712,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114714,114715,114717,114719,114721,114723],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,114716,65],{"class":64},[58,114718,69],{"class":68},[58,114720,10277],{"class":239},[58,114722,1770],{"class":68},[58,114724,53872],{"class":1773},[58,114726,114727,114729,114731,114733,114735],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,114728,65],{"class":64},[58,114730,69],{"class":68},[58,114732,12478],{"class":239},[58,114734,1770],{"class":68},[58,114736,114737],{"class":1773},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[16,114739,114740],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[44,114742,114744],{"id":114743},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[16,114746,114747],{},"These three ideas are different.",[617,114749,114751],{"id":114750},"assignment","Assignment",[16,114753,114754],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[49,114756,114758],{"className":51,"code":114757,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[20,114759,114760,114786,114794,114798],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114761,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114763,10230],{"class":286},[58,114765,290],{"class":77},[58,114767,54465],{"class":68},[58,114769,1079],{"class":81},[58,114771,1082],{"class":68},[58,114773,1085],{"class":81},[58,114775,16213],{"class":68},[58,114777,1730],{"class":68},[58,114779,123],{"class":81},[58,114781,1082],{"class":68},[58,114783,537],{"class":81},[58,114785,51413],{"class":68},[58,114787,114788,114790,114792],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114789,12250],{"class":286},[58,114791,290],{"class":77},[58,114793,10268],{"class":286},[58,114795,114796],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114797,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114799,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114801,65],{"class":64},[58,114803,69],{"class":68},[58,114805,10230],{"class":239},[58,114807,10338],{"class":1991},[58,114809,12318],{"class":239},[58,114811,1770],{"class":68},[58,114813,1774],{"class":1773},[16,114815,114816],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[617,114818,114820],{"id":114819},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[16,114822,114823],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[49,114825,114827],{"className":51,"code":114826,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[20,114828,114829,114855,114869,114873,114890],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114830,114831,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114832,10230],{"class":286},[58,114834,290],{"class":77},[58,114836,54465],{"class":68},[58,114838,1079],{"class":81},[58,114840,1082],{"class":68},[58,114842,1085],{"class":81},[58,114844,16213],{"class":68},[58,114846,1730],{"class":68},[58,114848,123],{"class":81},[58,114850,1082],{"class":68},[58,114852,537],{"class":81},[58,114854,51413],{"class":68},[58,114856,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114858,114106],{"class":286},[58,114860,290],{"class":77},[58,114862,10305],{"class":286},[58,114864,499],{"class":68},[58,114866,11057],{"class":239},[58,114868,6779],{"class":68},[58,114870,114871],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114872,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114874,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883,114886,114888],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114876,65],{"class":64},[58,114878,69],{"class":68},[58,114880,10230],{"class":239},[58,114882,10338],{"class":1991},[58,114884,114885],{"class":239}," shallow",[58,114887,1770],{"class":68},[58,114889,19353],{"class":1773},[58,114891,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900,114902,114904,114906,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,114893,65],{"class":64},[58,114895,69],{"class":68},[58,114897,10277],{"class":239},[58,114899,2016],{"class":68},[58,114901,183],{"class":81},[58,114903,11420],{"class":68},[58,114905,6230],{"class":1991},[58,114907,114885],{"class":239},[58,114909,2016],{"class":68},[58,114911,183],{"class":81},[58,114913,18598],{"class":68},[58,114915,1774],{"class":1773},[617,114917,114919],{"id":114918},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[16,114921,114922],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[49,114924,114926],{"className":51,"code":114925,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[20,114927,114928,114934,114938,114964,114982,114986,115004],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,114929,114930,114932],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,114931,33251],{"class":1991},[58,114933,114071],{"class":286},[58,114935,114936],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,114937,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114939,114940,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960,114962],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,114941,10230],{"class":286},[58,114943,290],{"class":77},[58,114945,54465],{"class":68},[58,114947,1079],{"class":81},[58,114949,1082],{"class":68},[58,114951,1085],{"class":81},[58,114953,16213],{"class":68},[58,114955,1730],{"class":68},[58,114957,123],{"class":81},[58,114959,1082],{"class":68},[58,114961,537],{"class":81},[58,114963,51413],{"class":68},[58,114965,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,114967,114126],{"class":286},[58,114969,290],{"class":77},[58,114971,114111],{"class":286},[58,114973,499],{"class":68},[58,114975,114135],{"class":239},[58,114977,69],{"class":68},[58,114979,10277],{"class":239},[58,114981,243],{"class":68},[58,114983,114984],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,114985,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,114987,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114999,115001],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,114989,65],{"class":64},[58,114991,69],{"class":68},[58,114993,10230],{"class":239},[58,114995,10338],{"class":1991},[58,114997,114998],{"class":239}," deep",[58,115000,1770],{"class":68},[58,115002,115003],{"class":1773},"         # False\n",[58,115005,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,115007,65],{"class":64},[58,115009,69],{"class":68},[58,115011,10277],{"class":239},[58,115013,2016],{"class":68},[58,115015,183],{"class":81},[58,115017,11420],{"class":68},[58,115019,6230],{"class":1991},[58,115021,114998],{"class":239},[58,115023,2016],{"class":68},[58,115025,183],{"class":81},[58,115027,18598],{"class":68},[58,115029,42039],{"class":1773},[44,115031,115033],{"id":115032},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[16,115035,115036,115037,973],{},"These all make ",[1855,115038,115039],{},"shallow copies",[28,115041,115042,115046,115050,115055,115061],{},[31,115043,115044],{},[20,115045,53772],{},[31,115047,115048],{},[20,115049,10579],{},[31,115051,115052],{},[20,115053,115054],{},"set.copy()",[31,115056,115057,115058],{},"list slicing like ",[20,115059,115060],{},"my_list[:]",[31,115062,115063,115065,115066,33241],{},[20,115064,114213],{}," from the ",[20,115067,11057],{},[16,115069,189],{},[49,115071,115073],{"className":51,"code":115072,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,115074,115075,115095,115099,115113,115124,115128,115140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115076,115077,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115078,1725],{"class":286},[58,115080,290],{"class":77},[58,115082,1730],{"class":68},[58,115084,1079],{"class":81},[58,115086,1082],{"class":68},[58,115088,1085],{"class":81},[58,115090,1082],{"class":68},[58,115092,531],{"class":81},[58,115094,1743],{"class":68},[58,115096,115097],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,115098,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,115102,637],{"class":286},[58,115104,290],{"class":77},[58,115106,2381],{"class":286},[58,115108,499],{"class":68},[58,115110,11057],{"class":239},[58,115112,6779],{"class":68},[58,115114,115115,115117,115119,115121],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,115116,665],{"class":286},[58,115118,290],{"class":77},[58,115120,2381],{"class":286},[58,115122,115123],{"class":68},"[:]\n",[58,115125,115126],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,115127,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115129,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,115131,65],{"class":64},[58,115133,69],{"class":68},[58,115135,374],{"class":239},[58,115137,1770],{"class":68},[58,115139,53103],{"class":1773},[58,115141,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,115143,65],{"class":64},[58,115145,69],{"class":68},[58,115147,2882],{"class":239},[58,115149,1770],{"class":68},[58,115151,53103],{"class":1773},[16,115153,71314,115154,45702,115158,499],{},[374,115155,115156,8881],{"href":53131},[20,115157,53772],{},[374,115159,115160,8881],{"href":10576},[20,115161,10579],{},[44,115163,115165],{"id":115164},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[16,115167,115168],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[28,115170,115171,115174,115177],{},[31,115172,115173],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[31,115175,115176],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[31,115178,115179],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[16,115181,115182],{},"Example with a flat list:",[49,115184,115186],{"className":51,"code":115185,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115187,115188,115208,115222,115226,115240,115244,115256],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115189,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200,115202,115204,115206],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115191,10230],{"class":286},[58,115193,290],{"class":77},[58,115195,1730],{"class":68},[58,115197,1079],{"class":81},[58,115199,1082],{"class":68},[58,115201,1085],{"class":81},[58,115203,1082],{"class":68},[58,115205,531],{"class":81},[58,115207,1743],{"class":68},[58,115209,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,115211,12459],{"class":286},[58,115213,290],{"class":77},[58,115215,10305],{"class":286},[58,115217,499],{"class":68},[58,115219,11057],{"class":239},[58,115221,6779],{"class":68},[58,115223,115224],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,115225,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115227,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,115229,12478],{"class":286},[58,115231,499],{"class":68},[58,115233,11700],{"class":239},[58,115235,69],{"class":68},[58,115237,586],{"class":81},[58,115239,243],{"class":68},[58,115241,115242],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,115243,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115245,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,115247,65],{"class":64},[58,115249,69],{"class":68},[58,115251,10277],{"class":239},[58,115253,1770],{"class":68},[58,115255,53103],{"class":1773},[58,115257,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,115259,65],{"class":64},[58,115261,69],{"class":68},[58,115263,12478],{"class":239},[58,115265,1770],{"class":68},[58,115267,114737],{"class":1773},[16,115269,115270],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[16,115272,115273,115274,499],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[374,115275,13036],{"href":55391},[44,115277,115279],{"id":115278},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[16,115281,115282],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[28,115284,115285,115288,115291],{},[31,115286,115287],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[31,115289,115290],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[31,115292,115293],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[16,115295,115296],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[49,115298,115300],{"className":51,"code":115299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,115301,115302,115308,115312,115338,115352,115370,115374,115396,115400,115413,115426],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115303,115304,115306],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115305,33251],{"class":1991},[58,115307,114071],{"class":286},[58,115309,115310],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,115311,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115313,115314,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332,115334,115336],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,115315,10230],{"class":286},[58,115317,290],{"class":77},[58,115319,8630],{"class":68},[58,115321,940],{"class":939},[58,115323,14538],{"class":943},[58,115325,940],{"class":939},[58,115327,973],{"class":68},[58,115329,1730],{"class":68},[58,115331,408],{"class":81},[58,115333,1082],{"class":68},[58,115335,5922],{"class":81},[58,115337,11853],{"class":68},[58,115339,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,115341,114106],{"class":286},[58,115343,290],{"class":77},[58,115345,10305],{"class":286},[58,115347,499],{"class":68},[58,115349,11057],{"class":239},[58,115351,6779],{"class":68},[58,115353,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,115355,114126],{"class":286},[58,115357,290],{"class":77},[58,115359,114111],{"class":286},[58,115361,499],{"class":68},[58,115363,114135],{"class":239},[58,115365,69],{"class":68},[58,115367,10277],{"class":239},[58,115369,243],{"class":68},[58,115371,115372],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,115373,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115375,115376,115378,115380,115382,115384,115386,115388,115390,115392,115394],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,115377,10277],{"class":286},[58,115379,2016],{"class":68},[58,115381,940],{"class":939},[58,115383,14538],{"class":943},[58,115385,940],{"class":939},[58,115387,11697],{"class":68},[58,115389,11700],{"class":239},[58,115391,69],{"class":68},[58,115393,35004],{"class":81},[58,115395,243],{"class":68},[58,115397,115398],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,115399,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115401,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,115403,65],{"class":64},[58,115405,69],{"class":68},[58,115407,10277],{"class":239},[58,115409,1770],{"class":68},[58,115411,115412],{"class":1773},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[58,115414,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423],{"class":60,"line":4565},[58,115416,65],{"class":64},[58,115418,69],{"class":68},[58,115420,114189],{"class":239},[58,115422,1770],{"class":68},[58,115424,115425],{"class":1773},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[58,115427,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436],{"class":60,"line":9738},[58,115429,65],{"class":64},[58,115431,69],{"class":68},[58,115433,114203],{"class":239},[58,115435,1770],{"class":68},[58,115437,115438],{"class":1773},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[16,115440,115441],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[44,115443,115445],{"id":115444},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[16,115447,115448],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[28,115450,115451,115454,115457,115460],{},[31,115452,115453],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[31,115455,115456],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[31,115458,115459],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[31,115461,115462],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[16,115464,115465],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[49,115467,115469],{"className":51,"code":115468,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[20,115470,115471,115479,115487,115491,115499,115503,115515],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115472,115473,115475,115477],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115474,637],{"class":286},[58,115476,290],{"class":77},[58,115478,670],{"class":81},[58,115480,115481,115483,115485],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,115482,665],{"class":286},[58,115484,290],{"class":77},[58,115486,34337],{"class":286},[58,115488,115489],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,115490,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115492,115493,115495,115497],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,115494,665],{"class":286},[58,115496,290],{"class":77},[58,115498,12762],{"class":81},[58,115500,115501],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,115502,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115504,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,115506,65],{"class":64},[58,115508,69],{"class":68},[58,115510,374],{"class":239},[58,115512,1770],{"class":68},[58,115514,24950],{"class":1773},[58,115516,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,115518,65],{"class":64},[58,115520,69],{"class":68},[58,115522,2882],{"class":239},[58,115524,1770],{"class":68},[58,115526,25771],{"class":1773},[16,115528,91685,115529,115532],{},[374,115530,115531],{"href":10209},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[44,115534,914],{"id":913},[16,115536,115537],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[28,115539,115540,115544,115549,115554,115557],{},[31,115541,6552,115542,54955],{},[20,115543,290],{},[31,115545,6552,115546,115548],{},[20,115547,53772],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[31,115550,6552,115551,115553],{},[20,115552,10579],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[31,115555,115556],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[31,115558,115559],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[16,115561,115562],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[49,115564,115566],{"className":51,"code":115565,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[20,115567,115568,115582,115596,115618,115649],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115569,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578,115580],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115571,65],{"class":64},[58,115573,69],{"class":68},[58,115575,10230],{"class":239},[58,115577,10338],{"class":1991},[58,115579,12532],{"class":239},[58,115581,243],{"class":68},[58,115583,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,115585,65],{"class":64},[58,115587,69],{"class":68},[58,115589,10230],{"class":239},[58,115591,2809],{"class":77},[58,115593,12532],{"class":239},[58,115595,243],{"class":68},[58,115597,115598,115600,115602,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,115599,65],{"class":64},[58,115601,69],{"class":68},[58,115603,10794],{"class":64},[58,115605,69],{"class":68},[58,115607,10277],{"class":239},[58,115609,7371],{"class":68},[58,115611,12964],{"class":64},[58,115613,69],{"class":68},[58,115615,12478],{"class":239},[58,115617,85],{"class":68},[58,115619,115620,115622,115624,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,115621,65],{"class":64},[58,115623,69],{"class":68},[58,115625,10794],{"class":64},[58,115627,69],{"class":68},[58,115629,10277],{"class":239},[58,115631,2016],{"class":68},[58,115633,183],{"class":81},[58,115635,115636],{"class":68},"]),",[58,115638,12964],{"class":64},[58,115640,69],{"class":68},[58,115642,12478],{"class":239},[58,115644,2016],{"class":68},[58,115646,183],{"class":81},[58,115648,1092],{"class":68},[58,115650,115651,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,115652,65],{"class":64},[58,115654,69],{"class":68},[58,115656,1316],{"class":991},[58,115658,69],{"class":68},[58,115660,10277],{"class":239},[58,115662,85],{"class":68},[16,115664,115665],{},"What they tell you:",[28,115667,115668,115673,115678,115683,115693],{},[31,115669,115670,115672],{},[20,115671,10338],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[31,115674,115675,115677],{},[20,115676,2809],{}," checks whether values are equal",[31,115679,115680,115682],{},[20,115681,41655],{}," shows the identity of an object",[31,115684,115685,115686,2512,115689,115692],{},"comparing ",[20,115687,115688],{},"id(original[0])",[20,115690,115691],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[31,115694,115695,115697],{},[20,115696,379],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[44,115699,1555],{"id":1554},[617,115701,115703],{"id":115702},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[16,115705,115706],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[617,115708,55441],{"id":55356},[16,115710,115711],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[617,115713,115715],{"id":115714},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[16,115717,115718],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[617,115720,115722],{"id":115721},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[16,115724,115725],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[617,115727,115729],{"id":115728},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[16,115731,115732],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[44,115734,1603],{"id":1602},[28,115736,115737,115742,115748,115754,115758],{},[31,115738,115739],{},[374,115740,115741],{"href":10209},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[31,115743,115744],{},[374,115745,1681,115746,8881],{"href":53131},[20,115747,53772],{},[31,115749,115750],{},[374,115751,1681,115752,8881],{"href":10576},[20,115753,10579],{},[31,115755,115756],{},[374,115757,13113],{"href":55391},[31,115759,115760],{},[374,115761,115762],{"href":56666},"What is a list in Python?",[1635,115764,115765],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":115767},[115768,115769,115770,115771,115772,115773,115778,115779,115780,115781,115782,115783,115790],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":114223,"depth":88,"text":114224},{"id":114244,"depth":88,"text":114245},{"id":114487,"depth":88,"text":114488},{"id":114627,"depth":88,"text":114628},{"id":114743,"depth":88,"text":114744,"children":115774},[115775,115776,115777],{"id":114750,"depth":104,"text":114751},{"id":114819,"depth":104,"text":114820},{"id":114918,"depth":104,"text":114919},{"id":115032,"depth":88,"text":115033},{"id":115164,"depth":88,"text":115165},{"id":115278,"depth":88,"text":115279},{"id":115444,"depth":88,"text":115445},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":115784},[115785,115786,115787,115788,115789],{"id":115702,"depth":104,"text":115703},{"id":55356,"depth":104,"text":55441},{"id":115714,"depth":104,"text":115715},{"id":115721,"depth":104,"text":115722},{"id":115728,"depth":104,"text":115729},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114024,"description":115791},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":115797,"title":115798,"body":115799,"description":117656,"extension":1667,"meta":117657,"navigation":318,"path":117658,"seo":117659,"stem":117660,"__hash__":117661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":115800,"toc":117614},[115801,115806,115811,115819,115821,115889,115894,115899,115914,115917,115919,115950,115952,115972,115975,115990,115992,115995,116068,116070,116115,116117,116128,116133,116137,116142,116145,116184,116186,116206,116209,116266,116268,116303,116306,116345,116347,116367,116370,116401,116403,116459,116461,116466,116537,116539,116572,116577,116582,116647,116649,116686,116689,116766,116768,116828,116835,116840,116843,116846,116927,116929,116970,116975,116978,117056,117058,117091,117100,117107,117110,117121,117124,117135,117139,117147,117156,117160,117165,117169,117174,117217,117220,117226,117229,117231,117278,117283,117287,117290,117339,117341,117362,117365,117367,117392,117395,117516,117521,117523,117528,117531,117536,117539,117547,117552,117559,117562,117570,117573,117575,117611],[12,115802,1681,115804,1685],{"id":115803},"python-sorted-function-explained",[20,115805,72598],{},[16,115807,115808,115810],{},[20,115809,72598],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[16,115812,115813,115814,257,115816,115818],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[20,115815,76041],{},[20,115817,72598],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[44,115820,1715],{"id":1714},[49,115822,115824],{"className":51,"code":115823,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,115825,115826,115846,115860,115864,115876],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115827,115828,115830,115832,115834,115836,115838,115840,115842,115844],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115829,1725],{"class":286},[58,115831,290],{"class":77},[58,115833,1730],{"class":68},[58,115835,123],{"class":81},[58,115837,1082],{"class":68},[58,115839,3623],{"class":81},[58,115841,1082],{"class":68},[58,115843,1085],{"class":81},[58,115845,1743],{"class":68},[58,115847,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,115849,301],{"class":286},[58,115851,290],{"class":77},[58,115853,72732],{"class":64},[58,115855,69],{"class":68},[58,115857,1757],{"class":239},[58,115859,243],{"class":68},[58,115861,115862],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,115863,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,115865,115866,115868,115870,115872,115874],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,115867,65],{"class":64},[58,115869,69],{"class":68},[58,115871,340],{"class":239},[58,115873,1770],{"class":68},[58,115875,53859],{"class":1773},[58,115877,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,115879,65],{"class":64},[58,115881,69],{"class":68},[58,115883,1757],{"class":239},[58,115885,1770],{"class":68},[58,115887,115888],{"class":1773},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[16,115890,115891,115893],{},[20,115892,72598],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[44,115895,1788,115897,1791],{"id":115896},"what-sorted-does",[20,115898,72598],{},[28,115900,115901,115905,115908,115911],{},[31,115902,115903,61099],{},[20,115904,72598],{},[31,115906,115907],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[31,115909,115910],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[31,115912,115913],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[16,115915,115916],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[44,115918,222],{"id":221},[49,115920,115922],{"className":51,"code":115921,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[20,115923,115924],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115925,115926,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944,115946,115948],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115927,72688],{"class":64},[58,115929,69],{"class":68},[58,115931,1832],{"class":239},[58,115933,1082],{"class":68},[58,115935,19732],{"class":7313},[58,115937,290],{"class":77},[58,115939,1891],{"class":1966},[58,115941,1082],{"class":68},[58,115943,76244],{"class":7313},[58,115945,290],{"class":77},[58,115947,1784],{"class":1966},[58,115949,243],{"class":68},[617,115951,15545],{"id":15544},[28,115953,115954,115959,115964],{},[31,115955,115956,115958],{},[20,115957,1832],{},": the values to sort",[31,115960,115961,115963],{},[20,115962,12989],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[31,115965,115966,115968,115969,115971],{},[20,115967,71751],{},": set to ",[20,115970,1710],{}," to sort in descending order",[16,115973,115974],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[49,115976,115978],{"className":51,"code":115977,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"sorted(my_values)\n",[20,115979,115980],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,115981,115982,115984,115986,115988],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,115983,72688],{"class":64},[58,115985,69],{"class":68},[58,115987,58480],{"class":239},[58,115989,243],{"class":68},[44,115991,9618],{"id":9617},[16,115993,115994],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[49,115996,115998],{"className":51,"code":115997,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,115999,116000,116024,116028,116043,116047,116058],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116001,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116003,1725],{"class":286},[58,116005,290],{"class":77},[58,116007,1730],{"class":68},[58,116009,200],{"class":81},[58,116011,1082],{"class":68},[58,116013,1085],{"class":81},[58,116015,1082],{"class":68},[58,116017,4487],{"class":81},[58,116019,1082],{"class":68},[58,116021,3623],{"class":81},[58,116023,1743],{"class":68},[58,116025,116026],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116027,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,116029,116030,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,116031,116032],{"class":286},"sorted_numbers ",[58,116034,290],{"class":77},[58,116036,72732],{"class":64},[58,116038,69],{"class":68},[58,116040,1757],{"class":239},[58,116042,243],{"class":68},[58,116044,116045],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,116046,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,116048,116049,116051,116053,116056],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,116050,65],{"class":64},[58,116052,69],{"class":68},[58,116054,116055],{"class":239},"sorted_numbers",[58,116057,243],{"class":68},[58,116059,116060,116062,116064,116066],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,116061,65],{"class":64},[58,116063,69],{"class":68},[58,116065,1757],{"class":239},[58,116067,243],{"class":68},[16,116069,132],{},[49,116071,116073],{"className":51,"code":116072,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[20,116074,116075,116095],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116076,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116078,2016],{"class":68},[58,116080,1079],{"class":81},[58,116082,1082],{"class":68},[58,116084,1085],{"class":81},[58,116086,1082],{"class":68},[58,116088,2725],{"class":81},[58,116090,1082],{"class":68},[58,116092,4487],{"class":81},[58,116094,1743],{"class":68},[58,116096,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116098,2016],{"class":68},[58,116100,200],{"class":81},[58,116102,1082],{"class":68},[58,116104,1085],{"class":81},[58,116106,1082],{"class":68},[58,116108,4487],{"class":81},[58,116110,1082],{"class":68},[58,116112,3623],{"class":81},[58,116114,1743],{"class":68},[16,116116,11910],{},[28,116118,116119,116124],{},[31,116120,116121,116123],{},[20,116122,116055],{}," is a new sorted list",[31,116125,116126,110660],{},[20,116127,1757],{},[16,116129,116130,116131,499],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[374,116132,76551],{"href":76550},[44,116134,116136],{"id":116135},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[16,116138,116139,116141],{},[20,116140,72598],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[617,116143,116144],{"id":6227},"List",[49,116146,116148],{"className":51,"code":116147,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[20,116149,116150,116170],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116151,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116153,1725],{"class":286},[58,116155,290],{"class":77},[58,116157,1730],{"class":68},[58,116159,123],{"class":81},[58,116161,1082],{"class":68},[58,116163,3623],{"class":81},[58,116165,1082],{"class":68},[58,116167,1085],{"class":81},[58,116169,1743],{"class":68},[58,116171,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116173,65],{"class":64},[58,116175,69],{"class":68},[58,116177,72688],{"class":64},[58,116179,69],{"class":68},[58,116181,1757],{"class":239},[58,116183,85],{"class":68},[16,116185,132],{},[49,116187,116188],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,116189,116190],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116191,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116193,2016],{"class":68},[58,116195,1079],{"class":81},[58,116197,1082],{"class":68},[58,116199,1085],{"class":81},[58,116201,1082],{"class":68},[58,116203,531],{"class":81},[58,116205,1743],{"class":68},[617,116207,116208],{"id":47122},"Tuple",[49,116210,116212],{"className":51,"code":116211,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[20,116213,116214,116234,116248],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116215,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116217,1936],{"class":286},[58,116219,290],{"class":77},[58,116221,7374],{"class":68},[58,116223,123],{"class":81},[58,116225,1082],{"class":68},[58,116227,3623],{"class":81},[58,116229,1082],{"class":68},[58,116231,1085],{"class":81},[58,116233,243],{"class":68},[58,116235,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116237,65],{"class":64},[58,116239,69],{"class":68},[58,116241,72688],{"class":64},[58,116243,69],{"class":68},[58,116245,3483],{"class":239},[58,116247,85],{"class":68},[58,116249,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,116251,65],{"class":64},[58,116253,69],{"class":68},[58,116255,1316],{"class":991},[58,116257,69],{"class":68},[58,116259,72688],{"class":64},[58,116261,69],{"class":68},[58,116263,3483],{"class":239},[58,116265,1002],{"class":68},[16,116267,132],{},[49,116269,116271],{"className":51,"code":116270,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[20,116272,116273,116289],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116274,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116276,2016],{"class":68},[58,116278,1079],{"class":81},[58,116280,1082],{"class":68},[58,116282,1085],{"class":81},[58,116284,1082],{"class":68},[58,116286,531],{"class":81},[58,116288,1743],{"class":68},[58,116290,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116292,1385],{"class":77},[58,116294,1388],{"class":126},[58,116296,1391],{"class":939},[58,116298,6227],{"class":943},[58,116300,1396],{"class":939},[58,116302,1399],{"class":77},[617,116304,116305],{"id":4414},"Set",[49,116307,116309],{"className":51,"code":116308,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[20,116310,116311,116331],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116312,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116314,1936],{"class":286},[58,116316,290],{"class":77},[58,116318,8630],{"class":68},[58,116320,123],{"class":81},[58,116322,1082],{"class":68},[58,116324,3623],{"class":81},[58,116326,1082],{"class":68},[58,116328,1085],{"class":81},[58,116330,7447],{"class":68},[58,116332,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116334,65],{"class":64},[58,116336,69],{"class":68},[58,116338,72688],{"class":64},[58,116340,69],{"class":68},[58,116342,3483],{"class":239},[58,116344,85],{"class":68},[16,116346,132],{},[49,116348,116349],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,116350,116351],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116354,2016],{"class":68},[58,116356,1079],{"class":81},[58,116358,1082],{"class":68},[58,116360,1085],{"class":81},[58,116362,1082],{"class":68},[58,116364,531],{"class":81},[58,116366,1743],{"class":68},[617,116368,116369],{"id":59347},"String",[49,116371,116373],{"className":51,"code":116372,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[20,116374,116375,116387],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116376,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116378,32847],{"class":286},[58,116380,290],{"class":77},[58,116382,1450],{"class":939},[58,116384,53],{"class":943},[58,116386,1456],{"class":939},[58,116388,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116390,65],{"class":64},[58,116392,69],{"class":68},[58,116394,72688],{"class":64},[58,116396,69],{"class":68},[58,116398,32868],{"class":239},[58,116400,85],{"class":68},[16,116402,132],{},[49,116404,116405],{"className":51,"code":77568,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,116406,116407],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116408,116409,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116410,2016],{"class":68},[58,116412,1396],{"class":939},[58,116414,58611],{"class":943},[58,116416,1396],{"class":939},[58,116418,1082],{"class":68},[58,116420,1391],{"class":939},[58,116422,74204],{"class":943},[58,116424,1396],{"class":939},[58,116426,1082],{"class":68},[58,116428,1391],{"class":939},[58,116430,58646],{"class":943},[58,116432,1396],{"class":939},[58,116434,1082],{"class":68},[58,116436,1391],{"class":939},[58,116438,16],{"class":943},[58,116440,1396],{"class":939},[58,116442,1082],{"class":68},[58,116444,1391],{"class":939},[58,116446,61460],{"class":943},[58,116448,1396],{"class":939},[58,116450,1082],{"class":68},[58,116452,1391],{"class":939},[58,116454,9889],{"class":943},[58,116456,1396],{"class":939},[58,116458,1743],{"class":68},[617,116460,27379],{"id":13753},[16,116462,61713,116463,116465],{},[20,116464,72598],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[49,116467,116469],{"className":51,"code":116468,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[20,116470,116471,116523],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116472,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116474,11351],{"class":286},[58,116476,290],{"class":77},[58,116478,8630],{"class":68},[58,116480,940],{"class":939},[58,116482,5799],{"class":943},[58,116484,940],{"class":939},[58,116486,973],{"class":68},[58,116488,1450],{"class":939},[58,116490,11026],{"class":943},[58,116492,940],{"class":939},[58,116494,1082],{"class":68},[58,116496,1450],{"class":939},[58,116498,7437],{"class":943},[58,116500,940],{"class":939},[58,116502,973],{"class":68},[58,116504,5922],{"class":81},[58,116506,1082],{"class":68},[58,116508,1450],{"class":939},[58,116510,8548],{"class":943},[58,116512,940],{"class":939},[58,116514,973],{"class":68},[58,116516,1450],{"class":939},[58,116518,14180],{"class":943},[58,116520,940],{"class":939},[58,116522,7447],{"class":68},[58,116524,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116526,65],{"class":64},[58,116528,69],{"class":68},[58,116530,72688],{"class":64},[58,116532,69],{"class":68},[58,116534,15457],{"class":239},[58,116536,85],{"class":68},[16,116538,132],{},[49,116540,116542],{"className":51,"code":116541,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[20,116543,116544],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116545,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116547,2016],{"class":68},[58,116549,1396],{"class":939},[58,116551,7437],{"class":943},[58,116553,1396],{"class":939},[58,116555,1082],{"class":68},[58,116557,1391],{"class":939},[58,116559,8548],{"class":943},[58,116561,1396],{"class":939},[58,116563,1082],{"class":68},[58,116565,1391],{"class":939},[58,116567,5799],{"class":943},[58,116569,1396],{"class":939},[58,116571,1743],{"class":68},[44,116573,6552,116575],{"id":116574},"using-reversetrue",[20,116576,76265],{},[16,116578,155,116579,116581],{},[20,116580,76265],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[49,116583,116585],{"className":51,"code":116584,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[20,116586,116587,116607,116611,116625],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116588,116589,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116590,1725],{"class":286},[58,116592,290],{"class":77},[58,116594,1730],{"class":68},[58,116596,123],{"class":81},[58,116598,1082],{"class":68},[58,116600,3623],{"class":81},[58,116602,1082],{"class":68},[58,116604,1085],{"class":81},[58,116606,1743],{"class":68},[58,116608,116609],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116610,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,116612,116613,116615,116617,116619,116621,116623],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,116614,65],{"class":64},[58,116616,69],{"class":68},[58,116618,72688],{"class":64},[58,116620,69],{"class":68},[58,116622,1757],{"class":239},[58,116624,85],{"class":68},[58,116626,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,116628,65],{"class":64},[58,116630,69],{"class":68},[58,116632,72688],{"class":64},[58,116634,69],{"class":68},[58,116636,1757],{"class":239},[58,116638,1082],{"class":68},[58,116640,76244],{"class":7313},[58,116642,290],{"class":77},[58,116644,1710],{"class":1966},[58,116646,85],{"class":68},[16,116648,132],{},[49,116650,116652],{"className":51,"code":116651,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[20,116653,116654,116670],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116655,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116657,2016],{"class":68},[58,116659,1079],{"class":81},[58,116661,1082],{"class":68},[58,116663,1085],{"class":81},[58,116665,1082],{"class":68},[58,116667,531],{"class":81},[58,116669,1743],{"class":68},[58,116671,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116673,2016],{"class":68},[58,116675,123],{"class":81},[58,116677,1082],{"class":68},[58,116679,1085],{"class":81},[58,116681,1082],{"class":68},[58,116683,3623],{"class":81},[58,116685,1743],{"class":68},[16,116687,116688],{},"This also works with strings:",[49,116690,116692],{"className":51,"code":116691,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[20,116693,116694,116726,116730,116744],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116695,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116697,2187],{"class":286},[58,116699,290],{"class":77},[58,116701,1730],{"class":68},[58,116703,940],{"class":939},[58,116705,2196],{"class":943},[58,116707,940],{"class":939},[58,116709,1082],{"class":68},[58,116711,1450],{"class":939},[58,116713,2205],{"class":943},[58,116715,940],{"class":939},[58,116717,1082],{"class":68},[58,116719,1450],{"class":939},[58,116721,2214],{"class":943},[58,116723,940],{"class":939},[58,116725,1743],{"class":68},[58,116727,116728],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116729,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,116731,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,116733,65],{"class":64},[58,116735,69],{"class":68},[58,116737,72688],{"class":64},[58,116739,69],{"class":68},[58,116741,2231],{"class":239},[58,116743,85],{"class":68},[58,116745,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,116747,65],{"class":64},[58,116749,69],{"class":68},[58,116751,72688],{"class":64},[58,116753,69],{"class":68},[58,116755,2231],{"class":239},[58,116757,1082],{"class":68},[58,116759,76244],{"class":7313},[58,116761,290],{"class":77},[58,116763,1710],{"class":1966},[58,116765,85],{"class":68},[16,116767,132],{},[49,116769,116770],{"className":51,"code":72332,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,116771,116772,116800],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116773,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116775,2016],{"class":68},[58,116777,1396],{"class":939},[58,116779,2196],{"class":943},[58,116781,1396],{"class":939},[58,116783,1082],{"class":68},[58,116785,1391],{"class":939},[58,116787,2205],{"class":943},[58,116789,1396],{"class":939},[58,116791,1082],{"class":68},[58,116793,1391],{"class":939},[58,116795,2214],{"class":943},[58,116797,1396],{"class":939},[58,116799,1743],{"class":68},[58,116801,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116803,2016],{"class":68},[58,116805,1396],{"class":939},[58,116807,2214],{"class":943},[58,116809,1396],{"class":939},[58,116811,1082],{"class":68},[58,116813,1391],{"class":939},[58,116815,2205],{"class":943},[58,116817,1396],{"class":939},[58,116819,1082],{"class":68},[58,116821,1391],{"class":939},[58,116823,2196],{"class":943},[58,116825,1396],{"class":939},[58,116827,1743],{"class":68},[44,116829,6552,116831,116834],{"id":116830},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[20,116832,116833],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[16,116836,18,116837,116839],{},[20,116838,116833],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[16,116841,116842],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[16,116844,116845],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[49,116847,116849],{"className":51,"code":116848,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[20,116850,116851,116891,116895,116917],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116852,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116854,2187],{"class":286},[58,116856,290],{"class":77},[58,116858,1730],{"class":68},[58,116860,940],{"class":939},[58,116862,76918],{"class":943},[58,116864,940],{"class":939},[58,116866,1082],{"class":68},[58,116868,1450],{"class":939},[58,116870,36522],{"class":943},[58,116872,940],{"class":939},[58,116874,1082],{"class":68},[58,116876,1450],{"class":939},[58,116878,2205],{"class":943},[58,116880,940],{"class":939},[58,116882,1082],{"class":68},[58,116884,1450],{"class":939},[58,116886,36505],{"class":943},[58,116888,940],{"class":939},[58,116890,1743],{"class":68},[58,116892,116893],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,116894,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,116896,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,116898,301],{"class":286},[58,116900,290],{"class":77},[58,116902,72732],{"class":64},[58,116904,69],{"class":68},[58,116906,2231],{"class":239},[58,116908,1082],{"class":68},[58,116910,19732],{"class":7313},[58,116912,290],{"class":77},[58,116914,9303],{"class":64},[58,116916,243],{"class":68},[58,116918,116919,116921,116923,116925],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,116920,65],{"class":64},[58,116922,69],{"class":68},[58,116924,340],{"class":239},[58,116926,243],{"class":68},[16,116928,132],{},[49,116930,116932],{"className":51,"code":116931,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[20,116933,116934],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116935,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116937,2016],{"class":68},[58,116939,1396],{"class":939},[58,116941,36522],{"class":943},[58,116943,1396],{"class":939},[58,116945,1082],{"class":68},[58,116947,1391],{"class":939},[58,116949,76918],{"class":943},[58,116951,1396],{"class":939},[58,116953,1082],{"class":68},[58,116955,1391],{"class":939},[58,116957,36505],{"class":943},[58,116959,1396],{"class":939},[58,116961,1082],{"class":68},[58,116963,1391],{"class":939},[58,116965,2205],{"class":943},[58,116967,1396],{"class":939},[58,116969,1743],{"class":68},[16,116971,18923,116972,116974],{},[20,116973,9303],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[16,116976,116977],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[49,116979,116981],{"className":51,"code":116980,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[20,116982,116983,117016,117020,117046],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,116984,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117012,117014],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,116986,2187],{"class":286},[58,116988,290],{"class":77},[58,116990,1730],{"class":68},[58,116992,940],{"class":939},[58,116994,81537],{"class":943},[58,116996,940],{"class":939},[58,116998,1082],{"class":68},[58,117000,1450],{"class":939},[58,117002,2196],{"class":943},[58,117004,940],{"class":939},[58,117006,1082],{"class":68},[58,117008,1450],{"class":939},[58,117010,117011],{"class":943},"Cherry",[58,117013,940],{"class":939},[58,117015,1743],{"class":68},[58,117017,117018],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117019,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,117021,117022,117024,117026,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,117023,301],{"class":286},[58,117025,290],{"class":77},[58,117027,72732],{"class":64},[58,117029,69],{"class":68},[58,117031,2231],{"class":239},[58,117033,1082],{"class":68},[58,117035,19732],{"class":7313},[58,117037,290],{"class":77},[58,117039,1542],{"class":991},[58,117041,499],{"class":68},[58,117043,6776],{"class":22904},[58,117045,243],{"class":68},[58,117047,117048,117050,117052,117054],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,117049,65],{"class":64},[58,117051,69],{"class":68},[58,117053,340],{"class":239},[58,117055,243],{"class":68},[16,117057,132],{},[49,117059,117061],{"className":51,"code":117060,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[20,117062,117063],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117064,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117066,2016],{"class":68},[58,117068,1396],{"class":939},[58,117070,2196],{"class":943},[58,117072,1396],{"class":939},[58,117074,1082],{"class":68},[58,117076,1391],{"class":939},[58,117078,81537],{"class":943},[58,117080,1396],{"class":939},[58,117082,1082],{"class":68},[58,117084,1391],{"class":939},[58,117086,117011],{"class":943},[58,117088,1396],{"class":939},[58,117090,1743],{"class":68},[16,117092,117093,117094,33490,117096,499],{},"You can learn more about ",[20,117095,40527],{},[374,117097,1681,117098,1612],{"href":40524},[20,117099,40527],{},[44,117101,117103,8725,117105],{"id":117102},"sorted-vs-listsort",[20,117104,72598],{},[20,117106,76041],{},[16,117108,117109],{},"The main difference is this:",[28,117111,117112,117117],{},[31,117113,117114,117116],{},[20,117115,72598],{}," returns a new list",[31,117118,117119,72136],{},[20,117120,76041],{},[16,117122,117123],{},"Also:",[28,117125,117126,117131],{},[31,117127,117128,117130],{},[20,117129,72598],{}," works with many iterables",[31,117132,117133,77474],{},[20,117134,76041],{},[16,117136,155,117137,8741],{},[20,117138,72598],{},[28,117140,117141,117144],{},[31,117142,117143],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[31,117145,117146],{},"your data is not a list",[16,117148,117149,117150,499],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[374,117151,1681,117152,8725,117154,3909],{"href":77299},[20,117153,72598],{},[20,117155,76041],{},[44,117157,117159],{"id":117158},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[16,117161,117162,117163,499],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[20,117164,72598],{},[617,117166,117168],{"id":117167},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[16,117170,117171,117172,973],{},"This can raise a ",[20,117173,1098],{},[49,117175,117177],{"className":51,"code":117176,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[20,117178,117179,117203],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117180,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117182,1936],{"class":286},[58,117184,290],{"class":77},[58,117186,1730],{"class":68},[58,117188,1079],{"class":81},[58,117190,1082],{"class":68},[58,117192,1450],{"class":939},[58,117194,117],{"class":943},[58,117196,940],{"class":939},[58,117198,1082],{"class":68},[58,117200,531],{"class":81},[58,117202,1743],{"class":68},[58,117204,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117206,65],{"class":64},[58,117208,69],{"class":68},[58,117210,72688],{"class":64},[58,117212,69],{"class":68},[58,117214,3483],{"class":239},[58,117216,85],{"class":68},[16,117218,117219],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[617,117221,117223,117224,380],{"id":117222},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[20,117225,12989],{},[16,117227,117228],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[16,117230,276],{},[49,117232,117234],{"className":51,"code":117233,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[20,117235,117236,117256],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117237,117238,117240,117242,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252,117254],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117239,1725],{"class":286},[58,117241,290],{"class":77},[58,117243,1730],{"class":68},[58,117245,408],{"class":81},[58,117247,1082],{"class":68},[58,117249,1085],{"class":81},[58,117251,1082],{"class":68},[58,117253,5927],{"class":81},[58,117255,1743],{"class":68},[58,117257,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117259,65],{"class":64},[58,117261,69],{"class":68},[58,117263,72688],{"class":64},[58,117265,69],{"class":68},[58,117267,1757],{"class":239},[58,117269,1082],{"class":68},[58,117271,19732],{"class":7313},[58,117273,290],{"class":77},[58,117275,9303],{"class":64},[58,117277,85],{"class":68},[16,117279,46679,117280,117282],{},[20,117281,40527],{}," does not work on integers.",[617,117284,117286],{"id":117285},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[16,117288,117289],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[49,117291,117293],{"className":51,"code":117292,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,117294,117295,117315,117325,117329],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117296,117297,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117298,1725],{"class":286},[58,117300,290],{"class":77},[58,117302,1730],{"class":68},[58,117304,123],{"class":81},[58,117306,1082],{"class":68},[58,117308,3623],{"class":81},[58,117310,1082],{"class":68},[58,117312,1085],{"class":81},[58,117314,1743],{"class":68},[58,117316,117317,117319,117321,117323],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117318,72688],{"class":64},[58,117320,69],{"class":68},[58,117322,1757],{"class":239},[58,117324,243],{"class":68},[58,117326,117327],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,117328,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,117330,117331,117333,117335,117337],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,117332,65],{"class":64},[58,117334,69],{"class":68},[58,117336,1757],{"class":239},[58,117338,243],{"class":68},[16,117340,132],{},[49,117342,117344],{"className":51,"code":117343,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117345,117346],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117347,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117349,2016],{"class":68},[58,117351,123],{"class":81},[58,117353,1082],{"class":68},[58,117355,3623],{"class":81},[58,117357,1082],{"class":68},[58,117359,1085],{"class":81},[58,117361,1743],{"class":68},[16,117363,117364],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[44,117366,914],{"id":913},[28,117368,117369,117373,117376,117381,117385],{},[31,117370,2699,117371,72136],{},[20,117372,72598],{},[31,117374,117375],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[31,117377,2825,117378,117380],{},[20,117379,72598],{}," always returns a list",[31,117382,6552,117383,21257],{},[20,117384,116833],{},[31,117386,27806,117387,117389,117390],{},[20,117388,62485],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[20,117391,72598],{},[16,117393,117394],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[49,117396,117398],{"className":51,"code":117397,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[20,117399,117400,117422,117448,117486],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117401,117402,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117403,65],{"class":64},[58,117405,69],{"class":68},[58,117407,72688],{"class":64},[58,117409,1076],{"class":68},[58,117411,123],{"class":81},[58,117413,1082],{"class":68},[58,117415,3623],{"class":81},[58,117417,1082],{"class":68},[58,117419,1085],{"class":81},[58,117421,1092],{"class":68},[58,117423,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117425,65],{"class":64},[58,117427,69],{"class":68},[58,117429,1316],{"class":991},[58,117431,69],{"class":68},[58,117433,72688],{"class":64},[58,117435,3636],{"class":68},[58,117437,123],{"class":81},[58,117439,1082],{"class":68},[58,117441,3623],{"class":81},[58,117443,1082],{"class":68},[58,117445,1085],{"class":81},[58,117447,91541],{"class":68},[58,117449,117450,117452,117454,117456,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478,117480,117482,117484],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,117451,65],{"class":64},[58,117453,69],{"class":68},[58,117455,72688],{"class":64},[58,117457,1076],{"class":68},[58,117459,1396],{"class":939},[58,117461,81537],{"class":943},[58,117463,1396],{"class":939},[58,117465,1082],{"class":68},[58,117467,1391],{"class":939},[58,117469,2196],{"class":943},[58,117471,1396],{"class":939},[58,117473,16213],{"class":68},[58,117475,19732],{"class":7313},[58,117477,290],{"class":77},[58,117479,1542],{"class":991},[58,117481,499],{"class":68},[58,117483,6776],{"class":22904},[58,117485,85],{"class":68},[58,117487,117488,117490,117492,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,117489,65],{"class":64},[58,117491,69],{"class":68},[58,117493,72688],{"class":64},[58,117495,1076],{"class":68},[58,117497,123],{"class":81},[58,117499,1082],{"class":68},[58,117501,3623],{"class":81},[58,117503,1082],{"class":68},[58,117505,1085],{"class":81},[58,117507,16213],{"class":68},[58,117509,76244],{"class":7313},[58,117511,290],{"class":77},[58,117513,1710],{"class":1966},[58,117515,85],{"class":68},[16,117517,117518,117519,499],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[374,117520,50942],{"href":49149},[44,117522,1555],{"id":1554},[617,117524,10849,117526,55335],{"id":117525},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[20,117527,72598],{},[16,117529,117530],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[617,117532,3265,117534,10861],{"id":117533},"what-does-sorted-return",[20,117535,72598],{},[16,117537,117538],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[617,117540,117542,117543,9233,117545,573],{"id":117541},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[20,117544,72598],{},[20,117546,76041],{},[16,117548,155,117549,117551],{},[20,117550,72598],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[617,117553,3265,117555,84625,117557,573],{"id":117554},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[20,117556,116833],{},[20,117558,72598],{},[16,117560,117561],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[617,117563,3281,117565,117567,117568,573],{"id":117564},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[20,117566,72598],{}," give a ",[20,117569,1098],{},[16,117571,117572],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[44,117574,1603],{"id":1602},[28,117576,117577,117581,117589,117593,117599,117605],{},[31,117578,117579],{},[374,117580,78047],{"href":76550},[31,117582,117583],{},[374,117584,1681,117585,8725,117587,3909],{"href":77299},[20,117586,72598],{},[20,117588,76041],{},[31,117590,117591],{},[374,117592,50942],{"href":49149},[31,117594,117595],{},[374,117596,1681,117597,1612],{"href":40524},[20,117598,40527],{},[31,117600,117601],{},[374,117602,1681,117603,1612],{"href":90197},[20,117604,33910],{},[31,117606,117607],{},[374,117608,1681,117609,1612],{"href":34357},[20,117610,34360],{},[1635,117612,117613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":117615},[117616,117617,117619,117622,117623,117630,117632,117634,117636,117642,117643,117655],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":115896,"depth":88,"text":117618},"What sorted() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":117620},[117621],{"id":15544,"depth":104,"text":15545},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":116135,"depth":88,"text":116136,"children":117624},[117625,117626,117627,117628,117629],{"id":6227,"depth":104,"text":116144},{"id":47122,"depth":104,"text":116208},{"id":4414,"depth":104,"text":116305},{"id":59347,"depth":104,"text":116369},{"id":13753,"depth":104,"text":27379},{"id":116574,"depth":88,"text":117631},"Using reverse=True",{"id":116830,"depth":88,"text":117633},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":117102,"depth":88,"text":117635},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":117158,"depth":88,"text":117159,"children":117637},[117638,117639,117641],{"id":117167,"depth":104,"text":117168},{"id":117222,"depth":104,"text":117640},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":117285,"depth":104,"text":117286},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":117644},[117645,117647,117649,117651,117653],{"id":117525,"depth":104,"text":117646},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":117533,"depth":104,"text":117648},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":117541,"depth":104,"text":117650},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":117554,"depth":104,"text":117652},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":117564,"depth":104,"text":117654},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":115798,"description":117656},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":117663,"title":117664,"body":117665,"description":119776,"extension":1667,"meta":119777,"navigation":318,"path":77299,"seo":119778,"stem":119779,"__hash__":119780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":9,"value":117666,"toc":119723},[117667,117674,117677,117687,117693,117696,117714,117722,117724,117783,117791,117795,117817,117821,117825,117827,117844,117846,117858,117864,117948,117952,117999,118005,118012,118016,118021,118023,118035,118040,118093,118097,118117,118124,118131,118135,118138,118157,118161,118275,118279,118349,118351,118363,118368,118372,118385,118389,118464,118468,118507,118514,118520,118525,118529,118543,118547,118612,118616,118649,118652,118657,118665,118672,118685,118688,118692,118775,118779,118816,118820,118923,118927,118988,118993,119000,119004,119007,119013,119016,119083,119087,119111,119113,119131,119138,119191,119195,119215,119221,119223,119280,119287,119313,119318,119323,119331,119337,119397,119401,119448,119451,119453,119456,119482,119485,119578,119580,119600,119604,119607,119625,119631,119633,119641,119646,119653,119656,119662,119665,119671,119679,119687,119692,119694,119720],[12,117668,1681,117670,8725,117672,91255],{"id":117669},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[20,117671,72598],{},[20,117673,76041],{},[16,117675,117676],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[28,117678,117679,117683],{},[31,117680,117681],{},[20,117682,72598],{},[31,117684,117685],{},[20,117686,76041],{},[16,117688,117689,117690,117692],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[1855,117691,2751],{}," behave the same way.",[16,117694,117695],{},"The main difference is simple:",[28,117697,117698,117706],{},[31,117699,155,117700,117702,117703],{},[20,117701,72598],{}," when you want a ",[1855,117704,117705],{},"new sorted result",[31,117707,155,117708,117710,117711],{},[20,117709,76041],{}," when you want to ",[1855,117712,117713],{},"change the original list",[16,117715,117716,117717,475,117719,117721],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[20,117718,76041],{},[20,117720,1891],{}," and causes confusion.",[44,117723,1715],{"id":1714},[49,117725,117727],{"className":51,"code":117726,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,117728,117729,117749,117753,117770],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117730,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117732,1725],{"class":286},[58,117734,290],{"class":77},[58,117736,1730],{"class":68},[58,117738,123],{"class":81},[58,117740,1082],{"class":68},[58,117742,3623],{"class":81},[58,117744,1082],{"class":68},[58,117746,1085],{"class":81},[58,117748,1743],{"class":68},[58,117750,117751],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117752,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,117754,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,117756,54061],{"class":286},[58,117758,290],{"class":77},[58,117760,72732],{"class":64},[58,117762,69],{"class":68},[58,117764,1757],{"class":239},[58,117766,1770],{"class":68},[58,117768,117769],{"class":1773},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[58,117771,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,117773,1757],{"class":286},[58,117775,499],{"class":68},[58,117777,32959],{"class":239},[58,117779,5496],{"class":68},[58,117781,117782],{"class":1773},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[16,117784,155,117785,117787,117788,117790],{},[20,117786,72598],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[20,117789,76041],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[44,117792,117794],{"id":117793},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[28,117796,117797,117802,117807,117814],{},[31,117798,155,117799,117801],{},[20,117800,72598],{}," to get a new sorted list",[31,117803,155,117804,117806],{},[20,117805,76041],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[31,117808,117809,117810,475,117812],{},"Understand why ",[20,117811,76041],{},[20,117813,1891],{},[31,117815,117816],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[44,117818,1788,117819,1791],{"id":115896},[20,117820,72598],{},[16,117822,117823,61099],{},[20,117824,72598],{},[16,117826,47096],{},[28,117828,117829,117835,117841],{},[31,117830,117831,117832],{},"returns a ",[1855,117833,117834],{},"new list",[31,117836,117837,117838,117840],{},"does ",[1855,117839,2751],{}," change the original data",[31,117842,117843],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[16,117845,49303],{},[28,117847,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856],{},[31,117849,3424],{},[31,117851,3427],{},[31,117853,3433],{},[31,117855,3430],{},[31,117857,34071],{},[617,117859,33238,117861,117863],{"id":117860},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[20,117862,72598],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[49,117865,117867],{"className":51,"code":117866,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[20,117868,117869,117889,117893,117907,117911,117929],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117870,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117872,1725],{"class":286},[58,117874,290],{"class":77},[58,117876,1730],{"class":68},[58,117878,123],{"class":81},[58,117880,1082],{"class":68},[58,117882,3623],{"class":81},[58,117884,1082],{"class":68},[58,117886,1085],{"class":81},[58,117888,1743],{"class":68},[58,117890,117891],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117892,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,117894,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,117896,301],{"class":286},[58,117898,290],{"class":77},[58,117900,72732],{"class":64},[58,117902,69],{"class":68},[58,117904,1757],{"class":239},[58,117906,243],{"class":68},[58,117908,117909],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,117910,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,117912,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,117914,65],{"class":64},[58,117916,69],{"class":68},[58,117918,940],{"class":939},[58,117920,10298],{"class":943},[58,117922,940],{"class":939},[58,117924,1082],{"class":68},[58,117926,2381],{"class":239},[58,117928,243],{"class":68},[58,117930,117931,117933,117935,117937,117940,117942,117944,117946],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,117932,65],{"class":64},[58,117934,69],{"class":68},[58,117936,940],{"class":939},[58,117938,117939],{"class":943},"sorted result:",[58,117941,940],{"class":939},[58,117943,1082],{"class":68},[58,117945,79391],{"class":239},[58,117947,243],{"class":68},[16,117949,117950],{},[1855,117951,132],{},[49,117953,117955],{"className":51,"code":117954,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,117956,117957,117977],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,117958,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,117960,10277],{"class":286},[58,117962,973],{"class":68},[58,117964,1730],{"class":68},[58,117966,123],{"class":81},[58,117968,1082],{"class":68},[58,117970,3623],{"class":81},[58,117972,1082],{"class":68},[58,117974,1085],{"class":81},[58,117976,1743],{"class":68},[58,117978,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,117980,72688],{"class":64},[58,117982,79391],{"class":286},[58,117984,973],{"class":68},[58,117986,1730],{"class":68},[58,117988,1079],{"class":81},[58,117990,1082],{"class":68},[58,117992,1085],{"class":81},[58,117994,1082],{"class":68},[58,117996,531],{"class":81},[58,117998,1743],{"class":68},[16,118000,118001,118002,118004],{},"The important part is that ",[20,118003,1757],{}," stays the same.",[16,118006,118007,118008,499],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[374,118009,1681,118010,1612],{"href":72695},[20,118011,72598],{},[44,118013,1788,118014,1791],{"id":76107},[20,118015,76041],{},[16,118017,118018,118020],{},[20,118019,62485],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[16,118022,47096],{},[28,118024,118025,118028,118031],{},[31,118026,118027],{},"changes the original list directly",[31,118029,118030],{},"only works on lists",[31,118032,1803,118033],{},[20,118034,1891],{},[617,118036,33238,118038,72136],{"id":118037},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[20,118039,76041],{},[49,118041,118043],{"className":51,"code":118042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,118044,118045,118065,118069,118079,118083],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118046,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118048,1725],{"class":286},[58,118050,290],{"class":77},[58,118052,1730],{"class":68},[58,118054,123],{"class":81},[58,118056,1082],{"class":68},[58,118058,3623],{"class":81},[58,118060,1082],{"class":68},[58,118062,1085],{"class":81},[58,118064,1743],{"class":68},[58,118066,118067],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118068,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118070,118071,118073,118075,118077],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,118072,1757],{"class":286},[58,118074,499],{"class":68},[58,118076,32959],{"class":239},[58,118078,6779],{"class":68},[58,118080,118081],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,118082,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118084,118085,118087,118089,118091],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,118086,65],{"class":64},[58,118088,69],{"class":68},[58,118090,1757],{"class":239},[58,118092,243],{"class":68},[16,118094,118095],{},[1855,118096,132],{},[49,118098,118099],{"className":51,"code":53321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,118100,118101],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118102,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118104,2016],{"class":68},[58,118106,1079],{"class":81},[58,118108,1082],{"class":68},[58,118110,1085],{"class":81},[58,118112,1082],{"class":68},[58,118114,531],{"class":81},[58,118116,1743],{"class":68},[16,118118,118119,118120,118123],{},"After calling ",[20,118121,118122],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[16,118125,118126,118127,499],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[374,118128,1681,118129,8881],{"href":72949},[20,118130,76041],{},[44,118132,118134],{"id":118133},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[16,118136,118137],{},"Here is the core difference:",[28,118139,118140,118149],{},[31,118141,118142,118145,118146],{},[20,118143,118144],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[1855,118147,118148],{},"new sorted list",[31,118150,118151,118154,118155,72506],{},[20,118152,118153],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[20,118156,6473],{},[617,118158,118160],{"id":118159},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[49,118162,118164],{"className":51,"code":118163,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[20,118165,118166,118186,118190,118204,118223,118242,118246,118256],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118167,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118169,1725],{"class":286},[58,118171,290],{"class":77},[58,118173,1730],{"class":68},[58,118175,200],{"class":81},[58,118177,1082],{"class":68},[58,118179,1085],{"class":81},[58,118181,1082],{"class":68},[58,118183,537],{"class":81},[58,118185,1743],{"class":68},[58,118187,118188],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118189,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118191,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,118193,637],{"class":286},[58,118195,290],{"class":77},[58,118197,72732],{"class":64},[58,118199,69],{"class":68},[58,118201,1757],{"class":239},[58,118203,243],{"class":68},[58,118205,118206,118208,118210,118212,118215,118217,118219,118221],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,118207,65],{"class":64},[58,118209,69],{"class":68},[58,118211,940],{"class":939},[58,118213,118214],{"class":943},"numbers after sorted():",[58,118216,940],{"class":939},[58,118218,1082],{"class":68},[58,118220,2381],{"class":239},[58,118222,243],{"class":68},[58,118224,118225,118227,118229,118231,118234,118236,118238,118240],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,118226,65],{"class":64},[58,118228,69],{"class":68},[58,118230,940],{"class":939},[58,118232,118233],{"class":943},"a:",[58,118235,940],{"class":939},[58,118237,1082],{"class":68},[58,118239,55059],{"class":239},[58,118241,243],{"class":68},[58,118243,118244],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,118245,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118247,118248,118250,118252,118254],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,118249,1757],{"class":286},[58,118251,499],{"class":68},[58,118253,32959],{"class":239},[58,118255,6779],{"class":68},[58,118257,118258,118260,118262,118264,118267,118269,118271,118273],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,118259,65],{"class":64},[58,118261,69],{"class":68},[58,118263,940],{"class":939},[58,118265,118266],{"class":943},"numbers after sort():",[58,118268,940],{"class":939},[58,118270,1082],{"class":68},[58,118272,2381],{"class":239},[58,118274,243],{"class":68},[16,118276,118277],{},[1855,118278,132],{},[49,118280,118282],{"className":51,"code":118281,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[20,118283,118284,118307,118327],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118285,118286,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118287,118288],{"class":286},"numbers after ",[58,118290,72688],{"class":64},[58,118292,27740],{"class":68},[58,118294,1730],{"class":68},[58,118296,200],{"class":81},[58,118298,1082],{"class":68},[58,118300,1085],{"class":81},[58,118302,1082],{"class":68},[58,118304,537],{"class":81},[58,118306,1743],{"class":68},[58,118308,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118310,374],{"class":286},[58,118312,973],{"class":68},[58,118314,1730],{"class":68},[58,118316,117],{"class":81},[58,118318,1082],{"class":68},[58,118320,537],{"class":81},[58,118322,1082],{"class":68},[58,118324,2725],{"class":81},[58,118326,1743],{"class":68},[58,118328,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,118330,118288],{"class":286},[58,118332,32959],{"class":239},[58,118334,27740],{"class":68},[58,118336,1730],{"class":68},[58,118338,117],{"class":81},[58,118340,1082],{"class":68},[58,118342,537],{"class":81},[58,118344,1082],{"class":68},[58,118346,2725],{"class":81},[58,118348,1743],{"class":68},[16,118350,8853],{},[28,118352,118353,118358],{},[31,118354,118355,118357],{},[20,118356,72598],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[31,118359,118360,118362],{},[20,118361,62485],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[44,118364,3083,118366],{"id":118365},"when-to-use-sorted",[20,118367,72598],{},[16,118369,155,118370,8741],{},[20,118371,72598],{},[28,118373,118374,118377,118379,118382],{},[31,118375,118376],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[31,118378,117146],{},[31,118380,118381],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[31,118383,118384],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[617,118386,118388],{"id":118387},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[49,118390,118392],{"className":51,"code":118391,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,118393,118394,118418,118422,118436,118440,118450],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118397,1725],{"class":286},[58,118399,290],{"class":77},[58,118401,7374],{"class":68},[58,118403,586],{"class":81},[58,118405,1082],{"class":68},[58,118407,3623],{"class":81},[58,118409,1082],{"class":68},[58,118411,531],{"class":81},[58,118413,1082],{"class":68},[58,118415,1085],{"class":81},[58,118417,243],{"class":68},[58,118419,118420],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118421,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118423,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,118425,301],{"class":286},[58,118427,290],{"class":77},[58,118429,72732],{"class":64},[58,118431,69],{"class":68},[58,118433,1757],{"class":239},[58,118435,243],{"class":68},[58,118437,118438],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,118439,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118441,118442,118444,118446,118448],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,118443,65],{"class":64},[58,118445,69],{"class":68},[58,118447,340],{"class":239},[58,118449,243],{"class":68},[58,118451,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,118453,65],{"class":64},[58,118455,69],{"class":68},[58,118457,1316],{"class":991},[58,118459,69],{"class":68},[58,118461,340],{"class":239},[58,118463,85],{"class":68},[16,118465,118466],{},[1855,118467,132],{},[49,118469,118471],{"className":51,"code":118470,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[20,118472,118473,118493],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118474,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118476,2016],{"class":68},[58,118478,1079],{"class":81},[58,118480,1082],{"class":68},[58,118482,1085],{"class":81},[58,118484,1082],{"class":68},[58,118486,531],{"class":81},[58,118488,1082],{"class":68},[58,118490,537],{"class":81},[58,118492,1743],{"class":68},[58,118494,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118496,1385],{"class":77},[58,118498,1388],{"class":126},[58,118500,1391],{"class":939},[58,118502,6227],{"class":943},[58,118504,1396],{"class":939},[58,118506,1399],{"class":77},[16,118508,362,118509,118511,118512,499],{},[20,118510,72598],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[1855,118513,6227],{},[16,118515,118516,118517,118519],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[374,118518,50942],{"href":49149}," is a helpful next step.",[44,118521,3083,118523],{"id":118522},"when-to-use-listsort",[20,118524,76041],{},[16,118526,155,118527,8741],{},[20,118528,76041],{},[28,118530,118531,118534,118537,118540],{},[31,118532,118533],{},"you already have a list",[31,118535,118536],{},"you want to update that list directly",[31,118538,118539],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[31,118541,118542],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[617,118544,118546],{"id":118545},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[49,118548,118550],{"className":51,"code":118549,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[20,118551,118552,118584,118588,118598,118602],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118553,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118555,3117],{"class":286},[58,118557,290],{"class":77},[58,118559,1730],{"class":68},[58,118561,940],{"class":939},[58,118563,3144],{"class":943},[58,118565,940],{"class":939},[58,118567,1082],{"class":68},[58,118569,1450],{"class":939},[58,118571,3126],{"class":943},[58,118573,940],{"class":939},[58,118575,1082],{"class":68},[58,118577,1450],{"class":939},[58,118579,3135],{"class":943},[58,118581,940],{"class":939},[58,118583,1743],{"class":68},[58,118585,118586],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118587,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118589,118590,118592,118594,118596],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,118591,3161],{"class":286},[58,118593,499],{"class":68},[58,118595,32959],{"class":239},[58,118597,6779],{"class":68},[58,118599,118600],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,118601,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118603,118604,118606,118608,118610],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,118605,65],{"class":64},[58,118607,69],{"class":68},[58,118609,3161],{"class":239},[58,118611,243],{"class":68},[16,118613,118614],{},[1855,118615,132],{},[49,118617,118619],{"className":51,"code":118618,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[20,118620,118621],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118622,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118624,2016],{"class":68},[58,118626,1396],{"class":939},[58,118628,3126],{"class":943},[58,118630,1396],{"class":939},[58,118632,1082],{"class":68},[58,118634,1391],{"class":939},[58,118636,3135],{"class":943},[58,118638,1396],{"class":939},[58,118640,1082],{"class":68},[58,118642,1391],{"class":939},[58,118644,3144],{"class":943},[58,118646,1396],{"class":939},[58,118648,1743],{"class":68},[16,118650,118651],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[16,118653,118654,118655,499],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[374,118656,78047],{"href":76550},[44,118658,118660,2512,118662,118664],{"id":118659},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[20,118661,71751],{},[20,118663,12989],{}," work with both",[16,118666,8730,118667,2512,118669,118671],{},[20,118668,72598],{},[20,118670,76041],{}," support:",[28,118673,118674,118679],{},[31,118675,118676,118678],{},[20,118677,76265],{}," for descending order",[31,118680,118681,118684],{},[20,118682,118683],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[16,118686,118687],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[617,118689,118691],{"id":118690},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[49,118693,118695],{"className":51,"code":118694,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,118696,118697,118717,118721,118743,118747,118765],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118698,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118700,1725],{"class":286},[58,118702,290],{"class":77},[58,118704,1730],{"class":68},[58,118706,123],{"class":81},[58,118708,1082],{"class":68},[58,118710,3623],{"class":81},[58,118712,1082],{"class":68},[58,118714,1085],{"class":81},[58,118716,1743],{"class":68},[58,118718,118719],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118720,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118722,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,118724,65],{"class":64},[58,118726,69],{"class":68},[58,118728,72688],{"class":64},[58,118730,69],{"class":68},[58,118732,1757],{"class":239},[58,118734,1082],{"class":68},[58,118736,76244],{"class":7313},[58,118738,290],{"class":77},[58,118740,1710],{"class":1966},[58,118742,85],{"class":68},[58,118744,118745],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,118746,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118748,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,118750,1757],{"class":286},[58,118752,499],{"class":68},[58,118754,32959],{"class":239},[58,118756,69],{"class":68},[58,118758,71751],{"class":7313},[58,118760,290],{"class":77},[58,118762,1710],{"class":1966},[58,118764,243],{"class":68},[58,118766,118767,118769,118771,118773],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,118768,65],{"class":64},[58,118770,69],{"class":68},[58,118772,1757],{"class":239},[58,118774,243],{"class":68},[16,118776,118777],{},[1855,118778,132],{},[49,118780,118782],{"className":51,"code":118781,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[20,118783,118784,118800],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118785,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118787,2016],{"class":68},[58,118789,123],{"class":81},[58,118791,1082],{"class":68},[58,118793,1085],{"class":81},[58,118795,1082],{"class":68},[58,118797,3623],{"class":81},[58,118799,1743],{"class":68},[58,118801,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118803,2016],{"class":68},[58,118805,123],{"class":81},[58,118807,1082],{"class":68},[58,118809,1085],{"class":81},[58,118811,1082],{"class":68},[58,118813,3623],{"class":81},[58,118815,1743],{"class":68},[617,118817,118819],{"id":118818},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[49,118821,118823],{"className":51,"code":118822,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[20,118824,118825,118857,118861,118887,118891,118913],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118826,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118828,2187],{"class":286},[58,118830,290],{"class":77},[58,118832,1730],{"class":68},[58,118834,940],{"class":939},[58,118836,81537],{"class":943},[58,118838,940],{"class":939},[58,118840,1082],{"class":68},[58,118842,1450],{"class":939},[58,118844,2196],{"class":943},[58,118846,940],{"class":939},[58,118848,1082],{"class":68},[58,118850,1450],{"class":939},[58,118852,117011],{"class":943},[58,118854,940],{"class":939},[58,118856,1743],{"class":68},[58,118858,118859],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118860,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118862,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,118864,65],{"class":64},[58,118866,69],{"class":68},[58,118868,72688],{"class":64},[58,118870,69],{"class":68},[58,118872,2231],{"class":239},[58,118874,1082],{"class":68},[58,118876,19732],{"class":7313},[58,118878,290],{"class":77},[58,118880,1542],{"class":991},[58,118882,499],{"class":68},[58,118884,6776],{"class":22904},[58,118886,85],{"class":68},[58,118888,118889],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,118890,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,118892,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,118894,2231],{"class":286},[58,118896,499],{"class":68},[58,118898,32959],{"class":239},[58,118900,69],{"class":68},[58,118902,12989],{"class":7313},[58,118904,290],{"class":77},[58,118906,1542],{"class":991},[58,118908,499],{"class":68},[58,118910,6776],{"class":22904},[58,118912,243],{"class":68},[58,118914,118915,118917,118919,118921],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,118916,65],{"class":64},[58,118918,69],{"class":68},[58,118920,2231],{"class":239},[58,118922,243],{"class":68},[16,118924,118925],{},[1855,118926,132],{},[49,118928,118930],{"className":51,"code":118929,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[20,118931,118932,118960],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,118933,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,118935,2016],{"class":68},[58,118937,1396],{"class":939},[58,118939,2196],{"class":943},[58,118941,1396],{"class":939},[58,118943,1082],{"class":68},[58,118945,1391],{"class":939},[58,118947,81537],{"class":943},[58,118949,1396],{"class":939},[58,118951,1082],{"class":68},[58,118953,1391],{"class":939},[58,118955,117011],{"class":943},[58,118957,1396],{"class":939},[58,118959,1743],{"class":68},[58,118961,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,118963,2016],{"class":68},[58,118965,1396],{"class":939},[58,118967,2196],{"class":943},[58,118969,1396],{"class":939},[58,118971,1082],{"class":68},[58,118973,1391],{"class":939},[58,118975,81537],{"class":943},[58,118977,1396],{"class":939},[58,118979,1082],{"class":68},[58,118981,1391],{"class":939},[58,118983,117011],{"class":943},[58,118985,1396],{"class":939},[58,118987,1743],{"class":68},[16,118989,6552,118990,118992],{},[20,118991,76759],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[16,118994,118995,118996,499],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[374,118997,118999],{"href":118998},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[44,119001,119003],{"id":119002},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[16,119005,119006],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[617,119008,119010,119011,10742],{"id":119009},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[20,119012,76041],{},[16,119014,119015],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[49,119017,119019],{"className":51,"code":119018,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,119020,119021,119041,119045,119059,119063,119073],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119022,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119024,1725],{"class":286},[58,119026,290],{"class":77},[58,119028,1730],{"class":68},[58,119030,123],{"class":81},[58,119032,1082],{"class":68},[58,119034,3623],{"class":81},[58,119036,1082],{"class":68},[58,119038,1085],{"class":81},[58,119040,1743],{"class":68},[58,119042,119043],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119044,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119046,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,119048,301],{"class":286},[58,119050,290],{"class":77},[58,119052,2381],{"class":286},[58,119054,499],{"class":68},[58,119056,32959],{"class":239},[58,119058,6779],{"class":68},[58,119060,119061],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,119062,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119064,119065,119067,119069,119071],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,119066,65],{"class":64},[58,119068,69],{"class":68},[58,119070,340],{"class":239},[58,119072,243],{"class":68},[58,119074,119075,119077,119079,119081],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,119076,65],{"class":64},[58,119078,69],{"class":68},[58,119080,1757],{"class":239},[58,119082,243],{"class":68},[16,119084,119085],{},[1855,119086,132],{},[49,119088,119089],{"className":51,"code":77382,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,119090,119091,119095],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119092,119093],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119094,9952],{"class":1966},[58,119096,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119098,2016],{"class":68},[58,119100,1079],{"class":81},[58,119102,1082],{"class":68},[58,119104,1085],{"class":81},[58,119106,1082],{"class":68},[58,119108,531],{"class":81},[58,119110,1743],{"class":68},[16,119112,10044],{},[28,119114,119115,119120,119125],{},[31,119116,119117,119119],{},[20,119118,118122],{}," sorts the list in place",[31,119121,33175,119122,119124],{},[1855,119123,2751],{}," return the sorted list",[31,119126,88161,119127,40321,119129],{},[20,119128,340],{},[20,119130,1891],{},[617,119132,119134,119135,119137],{"id":119133},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[20,119136,72598],{}," to change the original list",[49,119139,119141],{"className":51,"code":119140,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,119142,119143,119163,119167,119177,119181],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119144,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119146,1725],{"class":286},[58,119148,290],{"class":77},[58,119150,1730],{"class":68},[58,119152,123],{"class":81},[58,119154,1082],{"class":68},[58,119156,3623],{"class":81},[58,119158,1082],{"class":68},[58,119160,1085],{"class":81},[58,119162,1743],{"class":68},[58,119164,119165],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119166,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119168,119169,119171,119173,119175],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,119170,72688],{"class":64},[58,119172,69],{"class":68},[58,119174,1757],{"class":239},[58,119176,243],{"class":68},[58,119178,119179],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,119180,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119182,119183,119185,119187,119189],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,119184,65],{"class":64},[58,119186,69],{"class":68},[58,119188,1757],{"class":239},[58,119190,243],{"class":68},[16,119192,119193],{},[1855,119194,132],{},[49,119196,119197],{"className":51,"code":117343,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,119198,119199],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119200,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119202,2016],{"class":68},[58,119204,123],{"class":81},[58,119206,1082],{"class":68},[58,119208,3623],{"class":81},[58,119210,1082],{"class":68},[58,119212,1085],{"class":81},[58,119214,1743],{"class":68},[16,119216,119217,119220],{},[20,119218,119219],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[16,119222,8948],{},[49,119224,119226],{"className":51,"code":119225,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[20,119227,119228,119248,119252,119266,119270],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119229,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119231,1725],{"class":286},[58,119233,290],{"class":77},[58,119235,1730],{"class":68},[58,119237,123],{"class":81},[58,119239,1082],{"class":68},[58,119241,3623],{"class":81},[58,119243,1082],{"class":68},[58,119245,1085],{"class":81},[58,119247,1743],{"class":68},[58,119249,119250],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119251,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119253,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,119255,53813],{"class":286},[58,119257,290],{"class":77},[58,119259,72732],{"class":64},[58,119261,69],{"class":68},[58,119263,1757],{"class":239},[58,119265,243],{"class":68},[58,119267,119268],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,119269,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119271,119272,119274,119276,119278],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,119273,65],{"class":64},[58,119275,69],{"class":68},[58,119277,53832],{"class":239},[58,119279,243],{"class":68},[617,119281,119283,119284,119286],{"id":119282},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[20,119285,62485],{}," on a tuple or string",[49,119288,119289],{"className":51,"code":77484,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,119290,119291,119303],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119292,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119294,32847],{"class":286},[58,119296,290],{"class":77},[58,119298,1450],{"class":939},[58,119300,53],{"class":943},[58,119302,1456],{"class":939},[58,119304,119305,119307,119309,119311],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119306,32868],{"class":286},[58,119308,499],{"class":68},[58,119310,32959],{"class":239},[58,119312,6779],{"class":68},[16,119314,119315,119316,31759],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[20,119317,62485],{},[16,119319,119320,119322],{},[20,119321,62485],{}," only works on lists.",[16,119324,119325,119326,119328,119329,499],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[20,119327,72598],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[374,119330,3259],{"href":3712},[617,119332,119334,119335,117380],{"id":119333},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[20,119336,72598],{},[49,119338,119340],{"className":51,"code":119339,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,119341,119342,119355,119369,119373,119383],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119343,119344,119346,119348,119350,119353],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119345,32847],{"class":286},[58,119347,290],{"class":77},[58,119349,1450],{"class":939},[58,119351,119352],{"class":943},"cab",[58,119354,1456],{"class":939},[58,119356,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119358,301],{"class":286},[58,119360,290],{"class":77},[58,119362,72732],{"class":64},[58,119364,69],{"class":68},[58,119366,32868],{"class":239},[58,119368,243],{"class":68},[58,119370,119371],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,119372,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119374,119375,119377,119379,119381],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,119376,65],{"class":64},[58,119378,69],{"class":68},[58,119380,340],{"class":239},[58,119382,243],{"class":68},[58,119384,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,119386,65],{"class":64},[58,119388,69],{"class":68},[58,119390,1316],{"class":991},[58,119392,69],{"class":68},[58,119394,340],{"class":239},[58,119396,85],{"class":68},[16,119398,119399],{},[1855,119400,132],{},[49,119402,119404],{"className":51,"code":119403,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[20,119405,119406,119434],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119407,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119409,2016],{"class":68},[58,119411,1396],{"class":939},[58,119413,374],{"class":943},[58,119415,1396],{"class":939},[58,119417,1082],{"class":68},[58,119419,1391],{"class":939},[58,119421,2882],{"class":943},[58,119423,1396],{"class":939},[58,119425,1082],{"class":68},[58,119427,1391],{"class":939},[58,119429,7878],{"class":943},[58,119431,1396],{"class":939},[58,119433,1743],{"class":68},[58,119435,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119437,1385],{"class":77},[58,119439,1388],{"class":126},[58,119441,1391],{"class":939},[58,119443,6227],{"class":943},[58,119445,1396],{"class":939},[58,119447,1399],{"class":77},[16,119449,119450],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[44,119452,111901],{"id":111900},[16,119454,119455],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[28,119457,119458,119461,119466,119471,119477],{},[31,119459,119460],{},"confusing a function with a method",[31,119462,119463,119464,51815],{},"not knowing that ",[20,119465,62485],{},[31,119467,119468,119469,10742],{},"assigning the result of ",[20,119470,76041],{},[31,119472,119473,119474,119476],{},"trying to use ",[20,119475,62485],{}," on non-list data types",[31,119478,48675,119479,119481],{},[20,119480,72598],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[16,119483,119484],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[49,119486,119488],{"className":51,"code":119487,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[20,119489,119490,119500,119514,119539,119554,119564],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119491,119492,119494,119496,119498],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119493,65],{"class":64},[58,119495,69],{"class":68},[58,119497,6473],{"class":239},[58,119499,243],{"class":68},[58,119501,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119503,65],{"class":64},[58,119505,69],{"class":68},[58,119507,72688],{"class":64},[58,119509,69],{"class":68},[58,119511,6473],{"class":239},[58,119513,85],{"class":68},[58,119515,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119531,119533,119535,119537],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,119517,301],{"class":286},[58,119519,290],{"class":77},[58,119521,6530],{"class":286},[58,119523,499],{"class":68},[58,119525,32959],{"class":239},[58,119527,5496],{"class":68},[58,119529,119530],{"class":286},"; ",[58,119532,65],{"class":64},[58,119534,69],{"class":68},[58,119536,340],{"class":239},[58,119538,243],{"class":68},[58,119540,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119552],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,119542,65],{"class":64},[58,119544,69],{"class":68},[58,119546,1316],{"class":991},[58,119548,69],{"class":68},[58,119550,119551],{"class":239},"my_data",[58,119553,85],{"class":68},[58,119555,119556,119558,119560,119562],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,119557,30310],{"class":64},[58,119559,69],{"class":68},[58,119561,72688],{"class":64},[58,119563,243],{"class":68},[58,119565,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,119567,30310],{"class":64},[58,119569,69],{"class":68},[58,119571,6227],{"class":991},[58,119573,499],{"class":68},[58,119575,32959],{"class":22904},[58,119577,243],{"class":68},[16,119579,82547],{},[28,119581,119582,119585,119589,119597],{},[31,119583,119584],{},"whether your original list changed",[31,119586,24174,119587,9849],{},[20,119588,72598],{},[31,119590,119591,119592,119594,119595],{},"whether ",[20,119593,62485],{}," returned ",[20,119596,1891],{},[31,119598,119599],{},"what type of object you are working with",[44,119601,119603],{"id":119602},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[16,119605,119606],{},"Use this rule:",[28,119608,119609,119617],{},[31,119610,119611,119612,119614,119615],{},"Need a ",[1855,119613,117705],{},": use ",[20,119616,72598],{},[31,119618,119619,119620,119614,119623],{},"Need to ",[1855,119621,119622],{},"change one list directly",[20,119624,76041],{},[16,119626,119627,119628,119630],{},"For many beginners, ",[20,119629,72598],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[44,119632,1555],{"id":1554},[617,119634,119636,119637,966,119639,573],{"id":119635},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[20,119638,72598],{},[20,119640,76041],{},[16,119642,119643,119645],{},[20,119644,72598],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[617,119647,3281,119649,3284,119651,573],{"id":119648},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[20,119650,76041],{},[20,119652,1891],{},[16,119654,119655],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[617,119657,3293,119659,119661],{"id":119658},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[20,119660,72598],{}," sort a tuple?",[16,119663,119664],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[617,119666,26484,119668,119670],{"id":119667},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[20,119669,62485],{}," on a string?",[16,119672,44533,119673,119675,119676,38094],{},[20,119674,62485],{}," is a list method. Use ",[20,119677,119678],{},"sorted(string)",[617,119680,9963,119682,2512,119684,119686],{"id":119681},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[20,119683,72598],{},[20,119685,62485],{}," both support descending order?",[16,119688,119689,119690,499],{},"Yes. Both support ",[20,119691,76265],{},[44,119693,1603],{"id":1602},[28,119695,119696,119702,119708,119712,119716],{},[31,119697,119698],{},[374,119699,1681,119700,1612],{"href":72695},[20,119701,72598],{},[31,119703,119704],{},[374,119705,1681,119706,8881],{"href":72949},[20,119707,76041],{},[31,119709,119710],{},[374,119711,78047],{"href":76550},[31,119713,119714],{},[374,119715,118999],{"href":118998},[31,119717,119718],{},[374,119719,50942],{"href":49149},[1635,119721,119722],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":119724},[119725,119726,119727,119731,119735,119738,119742,119746,119751,119761,119762,119763,119775],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":117793,"depth":88,"text":117794},{"id":115896,"depth":88,"text":117618,"children":119728},[119729],{"id":117860,"depth":104,"text":119730},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":76107,"depth":88,"text":78069,"children":119732},[119733],{"id":118037,"depth":104,"text":119734},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":118133,"depth":88,"text":118134,"children":119736},[119737],{"id":118159,"depth":104,"text":118160},{"id":118365,"depth":88,"text":119739,"children":119740},"When to use sorted()",[119741],{"id":118387,"depth":104,"text":118388},{"id":118522,"depth":88,"text":119743,"children":119744},"When to use list.sort()",[119745],{"id":118545,"depth":104,"text":118546},{"id":118659,"depth":88,"text":119747,"children":119748},"reverse and key work with both",[119749,119750],{"id":118690,"depth":104,"text":118691},{"id":118818,"depth":104,"text":118819},{"id":119002,"depth":88,"text":119003,"children":119752},[119753,119755,119757,119759],{"id":119009,"depth":104,"text":119754},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":119133,"depth":104,"text":119756},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":119282,"depth":104,"text":119758},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":119333,"depth":104,"text":119760},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":111900,"depth":88,"text":111901},{"id":119602,"depth":88,"text":119603},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":119764},[119765,119767,119769,119771,119773],{"id":119635,"depth":104,"text":119766},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":119648,"depth":104,"text":119768},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":119658,"depth":104,"text":119770},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":119667,"depth":104,"text":119772},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":119681,"depth":104,"text":119774},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":117664,"description":119776},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":119782,"title":40342,"body":119783,"description":121515,"extension":1667,"meta":121516,"navigation":318,"path":121517,"seo":121518,"stem":121519,"__hash__":121520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":9,"value":119784,"toc":121472},[119785,119790,119795,119801,119803,119858,119862,119885,119890,119895,119900,119902,119933,119936,119950,119952,119954,119969,119974,119978,119981,120032,120036,120050,120057,120061,120065,120120,120124,120147,120151,120207,120211,120234,120238,120293,120297,120320,120324,120391,120395,120430,120436,120441,120446,120448,120462,120464,120538,120542,120562,120567,120574,120577,120589,120591,120660,120664,120701,120704,120729,120736,120745,120748,120760,120766,120772,120774,120780,120785,120864,120868,120909,120913,120915,120942,120945,120968,120971,120977,120980,121017,121029,121036,121038,121089,121092,121124,121127,121129,121136,121138,121153,121155,121212,121216,121240,121242,121247,121263,121270,121274,121277,121360,121370,121372,121377,121380,121386,121389,121395,121398,121404,121407,121414,121422,121424,121469],[12,119786,1681,119788,1685],{"id":119787},"python-str-function-explained",[20,119789,45852],{},[16,119791,30475,119792,119794],{},[20,119793,45852],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[16,119796,119797,119798,119800],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[20,119799,45852],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[44,119802,47],{"id":46},[49,119804,119806],{"className":51,"code":119805,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,119807,119808,119816,119830,119834,119844],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119809,119810,119812,119814],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119811,19781],{"class":286},[58,119813,290],{"class":77},[58,119815,43393],{"class":81},[58,119817,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119819,32847],{"class":286},[58,119821,290],{"class":77},[58,119823,47073],{"class":991},[58,119825,69],{"class":68},[58,119827,7437],{"class":239},[58,119829,243],{"class":68},[58,119831,119832],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,119833,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,119835,119836,119838,119840,119842],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,119837,65],{"class":64},[58,119839,69],{"class":68},[58,119841,32868],{"class":239},[58,119843,243],{"class":68},[58,119845,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,119847,65],{"class":64},[58,119849,69],{"class":68},[58,119851,1316],{"class":991},[58,119853,69],{"class":68},[58,119855,32868],{"class":239},[58,119857,85],{"class":68},[16,119859,119860],{},[1855,119861,132],{},[49,119863,119865],{"className":51,"code":119864,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,119866,119867,119871],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119868,119869],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119870,792],{"class":81},[58,119872,119873,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119874,1385],{"class":77},[58,119876,1388],{"class":126},[58,119878,1391],{"class":939},[58,119880,1542],{"class":943},[58,119882,1396],{"class":939},[58,119884,1399],{"class":77},[16,119886,155,119887,119889],{},[20,119888,45852],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[44,119891,1788,119893,1791],{"id":119892},"what-str-does",[20,119894,45852],{},[16,119896,119897,119899],{},[20,119898,45852],{}," converts a value into a string.",[16,119901,170],{},[28,119903,119904,119911,119918,119925],{},[31,119905,119906,119907,40321,119909],{},"An integer like ",[20,119908,408],{},[20,119910,40292],{},[31,119912,119913,119914,40321,119916],{},"A float like ",[20,119915,38308],{},[20,119917,46263],{},[31,119919,119920,119921,40321,119923],{},"A boolean like ",[20,119922,1710],{},[20,119924,4770],{},[31,119926,119927,119928,40321,119930],{},"A list like ",[20,119929,73420],{},[20,119931,119932],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[16,119934,119935],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[28,119937,119938,119941,119944,119947],{},[31,119939,119940],{},"print it",[31,119942,119943],{},"combine it with other strings",[31,119945,119946],{},"save it to a file",[31,119948,119949],{},"use it in messages",[44,119951,222],{"id":221},[16,119953,5348],{},[49,119955,119957],{"className":51,"code":119956,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"str(object)\n",[20,119958,119959],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119960,119961,119963,119965,119967],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119962,1542],{"class":991},[58,119964,69],{"class":68},[58,119966,40565],{"class":991},[58,119968,243],{"class":68},[16,119970,18923,119971,119973],{},[20,119972,40565],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[16,119975,119976,6359],{},[20,119977,45852],{},[16,119979,119980],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[49,119982,119984],{"className":51,"code":119983,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[20,119985,119986,119995,120018,120022],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,119987,119988,119990,119992],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,119989,3218],{"class":286},[58,119991,290],{"class":77},[58,119993,119994],{"class":81}," 100\n",[58,119996,119997,119999,120001,120003,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,119998,88181],{"class":286},[58,120000,290],{"class":77},[58,120002,1450],{"class":939},[58,120004,120005],{"class":943},"Your score is ",[58,120007,940],{"class":939},[58,120009,534],{"class":77},[58,120011,47073],{"class":991},[58,120013,69],{"class":68},[58,120015,83694],{"class":239},[58,120017,243],{"class":68},[58,120019,120020],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120021,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120023,120024,120026,120028,120030],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120025,65],{"class":64},[58,120027,69],{"class":68},[58,120029,88198],{"class":239},[58,120031,243],{"class":68},[16,120033,120034],{},[1855,120035,132],{},[49,120037,120039],{"className":51,"code":120038,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Your score is 100\n",[20,120040,120041],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120042,120043,120046,120048],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120044,120045],{"class":286},"Your score ",[58,120047,10338],{"class":77},[58,120049,119994],{"class":81},[16,120051,372,120052,120056],{},[374,120053,120054,380],{"href":376},[20,120055,379],{}," can help you check.",[44,120058,120060],{"id":120059},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[617,120062,120064],{"id":120063},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[49,120066,120068],{"className":51,"code":120067,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,120069,120070,120078,120092,120096,120106],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120071,120072,120074,120076],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120073,287],{"class":286},[58,120075,290],{"class":77},[58,120077,670],{"class":81},[58,120079,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120081,32847],{"class":286},[58,120083,290],{"class":77},[58,120085,47073],{"class":991},[58,120087,69],{"class":68},[58,120089,311],{"class":239},[58,120091,243],{"class":68},[58,120093,120094],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120095,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120097,120098,120100,120102,120104],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120099,65],{"class":64},[58,120101,69],{"class":68},[58,120103,32868],{"class":239},[58,120105,243],{"class":68},[58,120107,120108,120110,120112,120114,120116,120118],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,120109,65],{"class":64},[58,120111,69],{"class":68},[58,120113,1316],{"class":991},[58,120115,69],{"class":68},[58,120117,32868],{"class":239},[58,120119,85],{"class":68},[16,120121,120122],{},[1855,120123,132],{},[49,120125,120127],{"className":51,"code":120126,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,120128,120129,120133],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120130,120131],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120132,454],{"class":81},[58,120134,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120136,1385],{"class":77},[58,120138,1388],{"class":126},[58,120140,1391],{"class":939},[58,120142,1542],{"class":943},[58,120144,1396],{"class":939},[58,120146,1399],{"class":77},[617,120148,120150],{"id":120149},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[49,120152,120154],{"className":51,"code":120153,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,120155,120156,120165,120179,120183,120193],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120157,120158,120160,120162],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120159,38552],{"class":286},[58,120161,290],{"class":77},[58,120163,120164],{"class":81}," 3.14\n",[58,120166,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120168,32847],{"class":286},[58,120170,290],{"class":77},[58,120172,47073],{"class":991},[58,120174,69],{"class":68},[58,120176,23304],{"class":239},[58,120178,243],{"class":68},[58,120180,120181],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120182,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120184,120185,120187,120189,120191],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120186,65],{"class":64},[58,120188,69],{"class":68},[58,120190,32868],{"class":239},[58,120192,243],{"class":68},[58,120194,120195,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,120196,65],{"class":64},[58,120198,69],{"class":68},[58,120200,1316],{"class":991},[58,120202,69],{"class":68},[58,120204,32868],{"class":239},[58,120206,85],{"class":68},[16,120208,120209],{},[1855,120210,132],{},[49,120212,120214],{"className":51,"code":120213,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,120215,120216,120220],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120217,120218],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120219,38342],{"class":81},[58,120221,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120223,1385],{"class":77},[58,120225,1388],{"class":126},[58,120227,1391],{"class":939},[58,120229,1542],{"class":943},[58,120231,1396],{"class":939},[58,120233,1399],{"class":77},[617,120235,120237],{"id":120236},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[49,120239,120241],{"className":51,"code":120240,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,120242,120243,120251,120265,120269,120279],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120244,120245,120247,120249],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120246,526],{"class":286},[58,120248,290],{"class":77},[58,120250,4551],{"class":1966},[58,120252,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120254,32847],{"class":286},[58,120256,290],{"class":77},[58,120258,47073],{"class":991},[58,120260,69],{"class":68},[58,120262,553],{"class":239},[58,120264,243],{"class":68},[58,120266,120267],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120268,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120270,120271,120273,120275,120277],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120272,65],{"class":64},[58,120274,69],{"class":68},[58,120276,32868],{"class":239},[58,120278,243],{"class":68},[58,120280,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,120282,65],{"class":64},[58,120284,69],{"class":68},[58,120286,1316],{"class":991},[58,120288,69],{"class":68},[58,120290,32868],{"class":239},[58,120292,85],{"class":68},[16,120294,120295],{},[1855,120296,132],{},[49,120298,120300],{"className":51,"code":120299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,120301,120302,120306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120303,120304],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120305,2096],{"class":1966},[58,120307,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120309,1385],{"class":77},[58,120311,1388],{"class":126},[58,120313,1391],{"class":939},[58,120315,1542],{"class":943},[58,120317,1396],{"class":939},[58,120319,1399],{"class":77},[617,120321,120323],{"id":120322},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[49,120325,120327],{"className":51,"code":120326,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,120328,120329,120349,120363,120367,120377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120330,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120332,5911],{"class":286},[58,120334,290],{"class":77},[58,120336,1730],{"class":68},[58,120338,1079],{"class":81},[58,120340,1082],{"class":68},[58,120342,1085],{"class":81},[58,120344,1082],{"class":68},[58,120346,531],{"class":81},[58,120348,1743],{"class":68},[58,120350,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120352,32847],{"class":286},[58,120354,290],{"class":77},[58,120356,47073],{"class":991},[58,120358,69],{"class":68},[58,120360,5942],{"class":239},[58,120362,243],{"class":68},[58,120364,120365],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120366,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120368,120369,120371,120373,120375],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120370,65],{"class":64},[58,120372,69],{"class":68},[58,120374,32868],{"class":239},[58,120376,243],{"class":68},[58,120378,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,120380,65],{"class":64},[58,120382,69],{"class":68},[58,120384,1316],{"class":991},[58,120386,69],{"class":68},[58,120388,32868],{"class":239},[58,120390,85],{"class":68},[16,120392,120393],{},[1855,120394,132],{},[49,120396,120398],{"className":51,"code":120397,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,120399,120400,120416],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120401,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120403,2016],{"class":68},[58,120405,1079],{"class":81},[58,120407,1082],{"class":68},[58,120409,1085],{"class":81},[58,120411,1082],{"class":68},[58,120413,531],{"class":81},[58,120415,1743],{"class":68},[58,120417,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120419,1385],{"class":77},[58,120421,1388],{"class":126},[58,120423,1391],{"class":939},[58,120425,1542],{"class":943},[58,120427,1396],{"class":939},[58,120429,1399],{"class":77},[16,120431,120432,120433,120435],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[1855,120434,2751],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[44,120437,3083,120439],{"id":120438},"when-to-use-str",[20,120440,45852],{},[16,120442,155,120443,120445],{},[20,120444,45852],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[16,120447,34588],{},[28,120449,120450,120453,120456,120459],{},[31,120451,120452],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[31,120454,120455],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[31,120457,120458],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[31,120460,120461],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[16,120463,276],{},[49,120465,120467],{"className":51,"code":120466,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[20,120468,120469,120481,120489,120493,120528],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120470,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120472,6009],{"class":286},[58,120474,290],{"class":77},[58,120476,1450],{"class":939},[58,120478,9652],{"class":943},[58,120480,1456],{"class":939},[58,120482,120483,120485,120487],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120484,19781],{"class":286},[58,120486,290],{"class":77},[58,120488,43393],{"class":81},[58,120490,120491],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120492,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120494,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120526],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120496,88181],{"class":286},[58,120498,290],{"class":77},[58,120500,34130],{"class":286},[58,120502,120],{"class":77},[58,120504,1450],{"class":939},[58,120506,2905],{"class":943},[58,120508,940],{"class":939},[58,120510,534],{"class":77},[58,120512,47073],{"class":991},[58,120514,69],{"class":68},[58,120516,7437],{"class":239},[58,120518,1770],{"class":68},[58,120520,534],{"class":77},[58,120522,1450],{"class":939},[58,120524,120525],{"class":943}," years old.",[58,120527,1456],{"class":939},[58,120529,120530,120532,120534,120536],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,120531,65],{"class":64},[58,120533,69],{"class":68},[58,120535,88198],{"class":239},[58,120537,243],{"class":68},[16,120539,120540],{},[1855,120541,132],{},[49,120543,120545],{"className":51,"code":120544,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[20,120546,120547],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120548,120549,120552,120554,120556,120559],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120550,120551],{"class":286},"Maya ",[58,120553,10338],{"class":77},[58,120555,7444],{"class":81},[58,120557,120558],{"class":286}," years old",[58,120560,120561],{"class":68},".\n",[16,120563,120564,120565,499],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[374,120566,87867],{"href":87866},[44,120568,120570,8725,120572],{"id":120569},"str-vs-print",[20,120571,45852],{},[20,120573,44620],{},[16,120575,120576],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[28,120578,120579,120584],{},[31,120580,120581,120583],{},[20,120582,45852],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[31,120585,120586,120588],{},[20,120587,44620],{}," displays output on the screen",[16,120590,276],{},[49,120592,120594],{"className":51,"code":120593,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[20,120595,120596,120604,120608,120622,120632,120646],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120597,120598,120600,120602],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120599,526],{"class":286},[58,120601,290],{"class":77},[58,120603,852],{"class":81},[58,120605,120606],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120607,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120609,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120611,32847],{"class":286},[58,120613,290],{"class":77},[58,120615,47073],{"class":991},[58,120617,69],{"class":68},[58,120619,553],{"class":239},[58,120621,243],{"class":68},[58,120623,120624,120626,120628,120630],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120625,65],{"class":64},[58,120627,69],{"class":68},[58,120629,32868],{"class":239},[58,120631,243],{"class":68},[58,120633,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,120635,65],{"class":64},[58,120637,69],{"class":68},[58,120639,1316],{"class":991},[58,120641,69],{"class":68},[58,120643,32868],{"class":239},[58,120645,85],{"class":68},[58,120647,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,120649,65],{"class":64},[58,120651,69],{"class":68},[58,120653,1316],{"class":991},[58,120655,69],{"class":68},[58,120657,553],{"class":239},[58,120659,85],{"class":68},[16,120661,120662],{},[1855,120663,132],{},[49,120665,120667],{"className":51,"code":120666,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[20,120668,120669,120673,120687],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120670,120671],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120672,44780],{"class":81},[58,120674,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120676,1385],{"class":77},[58,120678,1388],{"class":126},[58,120680,1391],{"class":939},[58,120682,1542],{"class":943},[58,120684,1396],{"class":939},[58,120686,1399],{"class":77},[58,120688,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120690,1385],{"class":77},[58,120692,1388],{"class":126},[58,120694,1391],{"class":939},[58,120696,256],{"class":943},[58,120698,1396],{"class":939},[58,120700,1399],{"class":77},[16,120702,120703],{},"Notice:",[28,120705,120706,120712,120717],{},[31,120707,120708,120711],{},[20,120709,120710],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[31,120713,120714,120716],{},[20,120715,44620],{}," only displayed values",[31,120718,120719,120721,120722,120724,120725,59474,120727],{},[20,120720,44620],{}," did not change ",[20,120723,553],{}," from ",[20,120726,256],{},[20,120728,1542],{},[16,120730,120731,120732,499],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[374,120733,120734,380],{"href":44617},[20,120735,44620],{},[44,120737,120739,8725,120741,120744],{"id":120738},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[20,120740,45852],{},[20,120742,120743],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[16,120746,120747],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[28,120749,120750,120755],{},[31,120751,120752,120754],{},[20,120753,45852],{}," is the more readable text version",[31,120756,120757,120759],{},[20,120758,120743],{}," is more developer-focused",[16,120761,120762,120763,120765],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[20,120764,45852],{}," much more often.",[16,120767,120768,120769,120771],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[20,120770,45852],{}," is usually the right choice.",[44,120773,2638],{"id":2637},[617,120775,23929,120777,120779],{"id":120776},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[20,120778,45852],{}," changes the original variable",[16,120781,120782,120784],{},[20,120783,45852],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[49,120786,120788],{"className":51,"code":120787,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,120789,120790,120798,120812,120816,120826,120840,120850],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120791,120792,120794,120796],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120793,19781],{"class":286},[58,120795,290],{"class":77},[58,120797,43393],{"class":81},[58,120799,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120801,32847],{"class":286},[58,120803,290],{"class":77},[58,120805,47073],{"class":991},[58,120807,69],{"class":68},[58,120809,7437],{"class":239},[58,120811,243],{"class":68},[58,120813,120814],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120815,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,120817,120818,120820,120822,120824],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120819,65],{"class":64},[58,120821,69],{"class":68},[58,120823,7437],{"class":239},[58,120825,243],{"class":68},[58,120827,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,120829,65],{"class":64},[58,120831,69],{"class":68},[58,120833,1316],{"class":991},[58,120835,69],{"class":68},[58,120837,7437],{"class":239},[58,120839,85],{"class":68},[58,120841,120842,120844,120846,120848],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,120843,65],{"class":64},[58,120845,69],{"class":68},[58,120847,32868],{"class":239},[58,120849,243],{"class":68},[58,120851,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,120853,65],{"class":64},[58,120855,69],{"class":68},[58,120857,1316],{"class":991},[58,120859,69],{"class":68},[58,120861,32868],{"class":239},[58,120863,85],{"class":68},[16,120865,120866],{},[1855,120867,132],{},[49,120869,120871],{"className":51,"code":120870,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,120872,120873,120877,120891,120895],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120874,120875],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120876,792],{"class":81},[58,120878,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887,120889],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120880,1385],{"class":77},[58,120882,1388],{"class":126},[58,120884,1391],{"class":939},[58,120886,256],{"class":943},[58,120888,1396],{"class":939},[58,120890,1399],{"class":77},[58,120892,120893],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,120894,792],{"class":81},[58,120896,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,120898,1385],{"class":77},[58,120900,1388],{"class":126},[58,120902,1391],{"class":939},[58,120904,1542],{"class":943},[58,120906,1396],{"class":939},[58,120908,1399],{"class":77},[617,120910,120912],{"id":120911},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[16,120914,4817],{},[49,120916,120918],{"className":51,"code":120917,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[20,120919,120920,120928],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120921,120922,120924,120926],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120923,19781],{"class":286},[58,120925,290],{"class":77},[58,120927,43393],{"class":81},[58,120929,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938,120940],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120931,32847],{"class":286},[58,120933,290],{"class":77},[58,120935,47073],{"class":991},[58,120937,69],{"class":68},[58,120939,7437],{"class":239},[58,120941,243],{"class":68},[16,120943,120944],{},"But if you only do this:",[49,120946,120948],{"className":51,"code":120947,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[20,120949,120950,120958],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120951,120952,120954,120956],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120953,19781],{"class":286},[58,120955,290],{"class":77},[58,120957,43393],{"class":81},[58,120959,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120961,1542],{"class":991},[58,120963,69],{"class":68},[58,120965,7437],{"class":239},[58,120967,243],{"class":68},[16,120969,120970],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[617,120972,6552,120974,120976],{"id":120973},"using-str-too-early",[20,120975,45852],{}," too early",[16,120978,120979],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[49,120981,120983],{"className":51,"code":120982,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,120984,120985,120993,121008,121012],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,120986,120987,120989,120991],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,120988,38552],{"class":286},[58,120990,290],{"class":77},[58,120992,670],{"class":81},[58,120994,120995,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,120996,120997],{"class":286},"text_price ",[58,120999,290],{"class":77},[58,121001,47073],{"class":991},[58,121003,69],{"class":68},[58,121005,23304],{"class":239},[58,121007,243],{"class":68},[58,121009,121010],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,121011,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,121013,121014],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,121015,121016],{"class":1773},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[16,121018,121019,121020,966,121024,121028],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[374,121021,121022],{"href":962},[20,121023,965],{},[374,121025,121026],{"href":969},[20,121027,972],{},", depending on the situation.",[617,121030,6588,121032,121035],{"id":121031},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[20,121033,121034],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[16,121037,62817],{},[49,121039,121041],{"className":51,"code":121040,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[20,121042,121043,121075],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121044,121045,121047,121049,121051,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069,121071,121073],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121046,5911],{"class":286},[58,121048,290],{"class":77},[58,121050,1730],{"class":68},[58,121052,940],{"class":939},[58,121054,2196],{"class":943},[58,121056,940],{"class":939},[58,121058,1082],{"class":68},[58,121060,1450],{"class":939},[58,121062,2205],{"class":943},[58,121064,940],{"class":939},[58,121066,1082],{"class":68},[58,121068,1450],{"class":939},[58,121070,31379],{"class":943},[58,121072,940],{"class":939},[58,121074,1743],{"class":68},[58,121076,121077,121079,121081,121083,121085,121087],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121078,65],{"class":64},[58,121080,69],{"class":68},[58,121082,1542],{"class":991},[58,121084,69],{"class":68},[58,121086,5942],{"class":239},[58,121088,85],{"class":68},[16,121090,121091],{},"prints:",[49,121093,121094],{"className":51,"code":71010,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,121095,121096],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121097,121098,121100,121102,121104,121106,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121099,2016],{"class":68},[58,121101,1396],{"class":939},[58,121103,2196],{"class":943},[58,121105,1396],{"class":939},[58,121107,1082],{"class":68},[58,121109,1391],{"class":939},[58,121111,2205],{"class":943},[58,121113,1396],{"class":939},[58,121115,1082],{"class":68},[58,121117,1391],{"class":939},[58,121119,31379],{"class":943},[58,121121,1396],{"class":939},[58,121123,1743],{"class":68},[16,121125,121126],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[44,121128,15569],{"id":15568},[16,121130,121131,20128,121133,499],{},[20,121132,45852],{},[1855,121134,121135],{},"new string",[16,121137,9601],{},[28,121139,121140,121143,121146],{},[31,121141,121142],{},"It always returns a string",[31,121144,121145],{},"It does not modify the original object",[31,121147,5894,121148,121152],{},[374,121149,121150],{"href":376},[20,121151,379],{}," to confirm the result",[16,121154,276],{},[49,121156,121158],{"className":51,"code":121157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[20,121159,121160,121168,121183,121187,121198],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121161,121162,121164,121166],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121163,526],{"class":286},[58,121165,290],{"class":77},[58,121167,12278],{"class":81},[58,121169,121170,121173,121175,121177,121179,121181],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121171,121172],{"class":286},"converted ",[58,121174,290],{"class":77},[58,121176,47073],{"class":991},[58,121178,69],{"class":68},[58,121180,553],{"class":239},[58,121182,243],{"class":68},[58,121184,121185],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,121186,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,121188,121189,121191,121193,121196],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,121190,65],{"class":64},[58,121192,69],{"class":68},[58,121194,121195],{"class":239},"converted",[58,121197,243],{"class":68},[58,121199,121200,121202,121204,121206,121208,121210],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,121201,65],{"class":64},[58,121203,69],{"class":68},[58,121205,1316],{"class":991},[58,121207,69],{"class":68},[58,121209,121195],{"class":239},[58,121211,85],{"class":68},[16,121213,121214],{},[1855,121215,132],{},[49,121217,121219],{"className":51,"code":121218,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,121220,121221,121226],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121222,121223],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121224,121225],{"class":81},"99\n",[58,121227,121228,121230,121232,121234,121236,121238],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121229,1385],{"class":77},[58,121231,1388],{"class":126},[58,121233,1391],{"class":939},[58,121235,1542],{"class":943},[58,121237,1396],{"class":939},[58,121239,1399],{"class":77},[44,121241,111901],{"id":111900},[16,121243,121244,121245,72989],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[20,121246,45852],{},[28,121248,121249,121252,121255,121260],{},[31,121250,121251],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[31,121253,121254],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[31,121256,6552,121257,121259],{},[20,121258,45852],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[31,121261,121262],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[16,121264,121265,121266,499],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[374,121267,23834,121268],{"href":88579},[20,121269,88580],{},[44,121271,121273],{"id":121272},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[16,121275,121276],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[49,121278,121280],{"className":51,"code":121279,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[20,121281,121282,121290,121294,121304,121318,121322,121336,121346],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121283,121284,121286,121288],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121285,526],{"class":286},[58,121287,290],{"class":77},[58,121289,43393],{"class":81},[58,121291,121292],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121293,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,121295,121296,121298,121300,121302],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,121297,65],{"class":64},[58,121299,69],{"class":68},[58,121301,553],{"class":239},[58,121303,243],{"class":68},[58,121305,121306,121308,121310,121312,121314,121316],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,121307,65],{"class":64},[58,121309,69],{"class":68},[58,121311,1316],{"class":991},[58,121313,69],{"class":68},[58,121315,553],{"class":239},[58,121317,85],{"class":68},[58,121319,121320],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,121321,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,121323,121324,121326,121328,121330,121332,121334],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,121325,121172],{"class":286},[58,121327,290],{"class":77},[58,121329,47073],{"class":991},[58,121331,69],{"class":68},[58,121333,553],{"class":239},[58,121335,243],{"class":68},[58,121337,121338,121340,121342,121344],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,121339,65],{"class":64},[58,121341,69],{"class":68},[58,121343,121195],{"class":239},[58,121345,243],{"class":68},[58,121347,121348,121350,121352,121354,121356,121358],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,121349,65],{"class":64},[58,121351,69],{"class":68},[58,121353,1316],{"class":991},[58,121355,69],{"class":68},[58,121357,121195],{"class":239},[58,121359,85],{"class":68},[16,121361,121362,121363,257,121365,121367,121368,499],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[20,121364,256],{},[20,121366,260],{},", or another type into ",[20,121369,1542],{},[44,121371,1555],{"id":1554},[617,121373,3265,121375,3268],{"id":121374},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[20,121376,45852],{},[16,121378,121379],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[617,121381,10849,121383,121385],{"id":121382},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[20,121384,45852],{}," change the original variable?",[16,121387,121388],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[617,121390,3293,121392,121394],{"id":121391},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[20,121393,45852],{}," convert numbers to text?",[16,121396,121397],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[617,121399,92765,121401,121403],{"id":121400},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[20,121402,45852],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[16,121405,121406],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[617,121408,13051,121410,55377,121412,573],{"id":121409},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[20,121411,45852],{},[20,121413,44620],{},[16,121415,44533,121416,121418,121419,121421],{},[20,121417,45852],{}," converts to text. ",[20,121420,44620],{}," shows output.",[44,121423,1603],{"id":1602},[28,121425,121426,121432,121438,121444,121450,121459,121463],{},[31,121427,121428],{},[374,121429,121430,1612],{"href":44617},[20,121431,44620],{},[31,121433,121434],{},[374,121435,121436,1612],{"href":376},[20,121437,379],{},[31,121439,121440],{},[374,121441,121442,1612],{"href":962},[20,121443,965],{},[31,121445,121446],{},[374,121447,121448,1612],{"href":969},[20,121449,972],{},[31,121451,121452],{},[374,121453,121455,121456,121458],{"href":121454},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[20,121457,256],{}," to string in Python",[31,121460,121461],{},[374,121462,88857],{"href":87866},[31,121464,121465],{},[374,121466,28504,121467],{"href":88579},[20,121468,88580],{},[1635,121470,121471],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":121473},[121474,121475,121477,121478,121484,121486,121488,121490,121499,121500,121501,121502,121514],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":119892,"depth":88,"text":121476},"What str() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":120059,"depth":88,"text":120060,"children":121479},[121480,121481,121482,121483],{"id":120063,"depth":104,"text":120064},{"id":120149,"depth":104,"text":120150},{"id":120236,"depth":104,"text":120237},{"id":120322,"depth":104,"text":120323},{"id":120438,"depth":88,"text":121485},"When to use str()",{"id":120569,"depth":88,"text":121487},"str() vs print()",{"id":120738,"depth":88,"text":121489},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":121491},[121492,121494,121495,121497],{"id":120776,"depth":104,"text":121493},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":120911,"depth":104,"text":120912},{"id":120973,"depth":104,"text":121496},"Using str() too early",{"id":121031,"depth":104,"text":121498},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":111900,"depth":88,"text":111901},{"id":121272,"depth":88,"text":121273},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":121503},[121504,121506,121508,121510,121512],{"id":121374,"depth":104,"text":121505},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":121382,"depth":104,"text":121507},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":121391,"depth":104,"text":121509},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":121400,"depth":104,"text":121511},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":121409,"depth":104,"text":121513},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":40342,"description":121515},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":121522,"title":121523,"body":121524,"description":122977,"extension":1667,"meta":122978,"navigation":318,"path":122979,"seo":122980,"stem":122981,"__hash__":122982},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":9,"value":121525,"toc":122939},[121526,121532,121538,121541,121563,121565,121627,121629,121642,121648,121653,121658,121660,121673,121684,121686,121713,121715,121732,121739,121750,121752,121757,121759,121771,121779,121788,121790,121793,121846,121848,121856,121864,121868,121873,121913,121915,121923,121926,121928,121968,121970,121978,121988,121994,121997,122070,122072,122085,122089,122094,122122,122125,122160,122162,122170,122173,122177,122181,122183,122199,122201,122241,122243,122251,122260,122303,122305,122313,122315,122319,122325,122328,122368,122370,122378,122383,122386,122429,122433,122436,122471,122476,122478,122517,122527,122535,122545,122553,122557,122562,122564,122605,122607,122615,122620,122623,122626,122644,122650,122654,122659,122662,122702,122704,122709,122808,122811,122827,122829,122848,122850,122857,122860,122866,122869,122875,122879,122885,122888,122894,122897,122899,122936],[12,121527,121529,121530,9464],{"id":121528},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[20,121531,55462],{},[16,121533,121534,121535,121537],{},"The Python string ",[20,121536,55462],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[16,121539,121540],{},"This reference page explains:",[28,121542,121543,121547,121550,121552,121560],{},[31,121544,24174,121545,1791],{},[20,121546,55462],{},[31,121548,121549],{},"its syntax",[31,121551,33555],{},[31,121553,121554,121555,2512,121557,121559],{},"how ",[20,121556,34234],{},[20,121558,50831],{}," work",[31,121561,121562],{},"common beginner mistakes",[44,121564,47],{"id":46},[49,121566,121568],{"className":51,"code":121567,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[20,121569,121570,121582,121604],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121571,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121573,32847],{"class":286},[58,121575,290],{"class":77},[58,121577,1450],{"class":939},[58,121579,2205],{"class":943},[58,121581,1456],{"class":939},[58,121583,121584,121586,121588,121590,121592,121594,121596,121598,121600,121602],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121585,65],{"class":64},[58,121587,69],{"class":68},[58,121589,32868],{"class":239},[58,121591,499],{"class":68},[58,121593,39425],{"class":239},[58,121595,69],{"class":68},[58,121597,940],{"class":939},[58,121599,374],{"class":943},[58,121601,940],{"class":939},[58,121603,85],{"class":68},[58,121605,121606,121608,121610,121612,121614,121616,121618,121620,121623,121625],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,121607,65],{"class":64},[58,121609,69],{"class":68},[58,121611,32868],{"class":239},[58,121613,499],{"class":68},[58,121615,39425],{"class":239},[58,121617,69],{"class":68},[58,121619,940],{"class":939},[58,121621,121622],{"class":943},"na",[58,121624,940],{"class":939},[58,121626,85],{"class":68},[16,121628,132],{},[49,121630,121632],{"className":51,"code":121631,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"3\n2\n",[20,121633,121634,121638],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121635,121636],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121637,44785],{"class":81},[58,121639,121640],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121641,15206],{"class":81},[16,121643,155,121644,121647],{},[20,121645,121646],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[44,121649,11142,121651,11145],{"id":121650},"what-the-count-method-does",[20,121652,55462],{},[16,121654,121655,121657],{},[20,121656,55462],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[16,121659,11198],{},[28,121661,121662,121665,121668,121670],{},[31,121663,121664],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[31,121666,121667],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[31,121669,41825],{},[31,121671,121672],{},"It does not change the original string",[16,121674,121675,121676,121678,121679,257,121681,121683],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[20,121677,16247],{}," characters are in ",[20,121680,63448],{},[20,121682,55462],{}," is a simple choice.",[44,121685,222],{"id":221},[49,121687,121689],{"className":51,"code":121688,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[20,121690,121691],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121692,121693,121695,121697,121699,121701,121703,121705,121707,121709,121711],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121694,59347],{"class":286},[58,121696,499],{"class":68},[58,121698,39425],{"class":239},[58,121700,69],{"class":68},[58,121702,553],{"class":239},[58,121704,1082],{"class":68},[58,121706,34213],{"class":239},[58,121708,1082],{"class":68},[58,121710,63214],{"class":239},[58,121712,243],{"class":68},[617,121714,15545],{"id":15544},[28,121716,121717,121722,121727],{},[31,121718,121719,121721],{},[20,121720,553],{},": the text to search for",[31,121723,121724,121726],{},[20,121725,34234],{},": optional; where counting begins",[31,121728,121729,121731],{},[20,121730,50831],{},": optional; where counting stops",[16,121733,121734,2512,121736,121738],{},[20,121735,34234],{},[20,121737,50831],{}," work like slice positions:",[28,121740,121741,121746],{},[31,121742,121743,121745],{},[20,121744,34234],{}," is included",[31,121747,121748,73915],{},[20,121749,50831],{},[44,121751,15569],{"id":15568},[16,121753,121754,121756],{},[20,121755,55462],{}," returns a whole number.",[16,121758,189],{},[28,121760,121761,121766],{},[31,121762,121763,121764],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[20,121765,123],{},[31,121767,121768,121769],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[20,121770,183],{},[16,121772,39071,121773,3284,121775,966,121777,499],{},[1855,121774,2751],{},[20,121776,1710],{},[20,121778,1784],{},[16,121780,121781,121782,121787],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[374,121783,121785,99775],{"href":121784},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[20,121786,1998],{}," is often a better fit.",[44,121789,9618],{"id":9617},[16,121791,121792],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[49,121794,121796],{"className":51,"code":121795,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,121797,121798,121810,121832,121836],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121799,121800,121802,121804,121806,121808],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121801,32847],{"class":286},[58,121803,290],{"class":77},[58,121805,1450],{"class":939},[58,121807,2196],{"class":943},[58,121809,1456],{"class":939},[58,121811,121812,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121813,301],{"class":286},[58,121815,290],{"class":77},[58,121817,41008],{"class":286},[58,121819,499],{"class":68},[58,121821,39425],{"class":239},[58,121823,69],{"class":68},[58,121825,940],{"class":939},[58,121827,16],{"class":943},[58,121829,940],{"class":939},[58,121831,243],{"class":68},[58,121833,121834],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,121835,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,121837,121838,121840,121842,121844],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,121839,65],{"class":64},[58,121841,69],{"class":68},[58,121843,340],{"class":239},[58,121845,243],{"class":68},[16,121847,132],{},[49,121849,121850],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,121851,121852],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121853,121854],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121855,15206],{"class":81},[16,121857,61993,121858,121861,121862,499],{},[20,121859,121860],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[20,121863,56005],{},[44,121865,121867],{"id":121866},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[16,121869,121870,121872],{},[20,121871,55462],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[49,121874,121876],{"className":51,"code":121875,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[20,121877,121878,121891],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121879,121880,121882,121884,121886,121889],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121881,32847],{"class":286},[58,121883,290],{"class":77},[58,121885,1450],{"class":939},[58,121887,121888],{"class":943},"cat dog cat bird cat",[58,121890,1456],{"class":939},[58,121892,121893,121895,121897,121899,121901,121903,121905,121907,121909,121911],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121894,65],{"class":64},[58,121896,69],{"class":68},[58,121898,32868],{"class":239},[58,121900,499],{"class":68},[58,121902,39425],{"class":239},[58,121904,69],{"class":68},[58,121906,940],{"class":939},[58,121908,35210],{"class":943},[58,121910,940],{"class":939},[58,121912,85],{"class":68},[16,121914,132],{},[49,121916,121917],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,121918,121919],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121920,121921],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121922,44785],{"class":81},[16,121924,121925],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[16,121927,276],{},[49,121929,121931],{"className":51,"code":121930,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[20,121932,121933,121946],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121934,121935,121937,121939,121941,121944],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121936,32847],{"class":286},[58,121938,290],{"class":77},[58,121940,1450],{"class":939},[58,121942,121943],{"class":943},"one One one",[58,121945,1456],{"class":939},[58,121947,121948,121950,121952,121954,121956,121958,121960,121962,121964,121966],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,121949,65],{"class":64},[58,121951,69],{"class":68},[58,121953,32868],{"class":239},[58,121955,499],{"class":68},[58,121957,39425],{"class":239},[58,121959,69],{"class":68},[58,121961,940],{"class":939},[58,121963,4714],{"class":943},[58,121965,940],{"class":939},[58,121967,85],{"class":68},[16,121969,132],{},[49,121971,121972],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,121973,121974],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,121975,121976],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,121977,15206],{"class":81},[16,121979,121980,121981,121984,121985,121987],{},"The uppercase ",[20,121982,121983],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[20,121986,55462],{}," is case-sensitive.",[44,121989,6552,121990,2512,121992],{"id":63580},[20,121991,34234],{},[20,121993,50831],{},[16,121995,121996],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[49,121998,122000],{"className":51,"code":121999,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[20,122001,122002,122014,122040],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122003,122004,122006,122008,122010,122012],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122005,32847],{"class":286},[58,122007,290],{"class":77},[58,122009,1450],{"class":939},[58,122011,2205],{"class":943},[58,122013,1456],{"class":939},[58,122015,122016,122018,122020,122022,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034,122036,122038],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122017,65],{"class":64},[58,122019,69],{"class":68},[58,122021,32868],{"class":239},[58,122023,499],{"class":68},[58,122025,39425],{"class":239},[58,122027,69],{"class":68},[58,122029,940],{"class":939},[58,122031,374],{"class":943},[58,122033,940],{"class":939},[58,122035,1082],{"class":68},[58,122037,1085],{"class":81},[58,122039,85],{"class":68},[58,122041,122042,122044,122046,122048,122050,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064,122066,122068],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,122043,65],{"class":64},[58,122045,69],{"class":68},[58,122047,32868],{"class":239},[58,122049,499],{"class":68},[58,122051,39425],{"class":239},[58,122053,69],{"class":68},[58,122055,940],{"class":939},[58,122057,374],{"class":943},[58,122059,940],{"class":939},[58,122061,1082],{"class":68},[58,122063,1085],{"class":81},[58,122065,1082],{"class":68},[58,122067,2725],{"class":81},[58,122069,85],{"class":68},[16,122071,132],{},[49,122073,122075],{"className":51,"code":122074,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"2\n1\n",[20,122076,122077,122081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122078,122079],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122080,15206],{"class":81},[58,122082,122083],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122084,45085],{"class":81},[617,122086,122088],{"id":122087},"how-this-works","How this works",[16,122090,122091,122092,973],{},"In ",[20,122093,63448],{},[28,122095,122096,122104,122112],{},[31,122097,69139,122098,122100,122101],{},[20,122099,117],{}," starts at the first ",[20,122102,122103],{},"\"n\"",[31,122105,122106,122109,122110,74213],{},[20,122107,122108],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[20,122111,117],{},[31,122113,122114,122109,122117,122119,122120],{},[20,122115,122116],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[20,122118,117],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[20,122121,200],{},[16,122123,122124],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[49,122126,122128],{"className":51,"code":122127,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[20,122129,122130,122142],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122131,122132,122134,122136,122138,122140],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122133,32847],{"class":286},[58,122135,290],{"class":77},[58,122137,1450],{"class":939},[58,122139,2205],{"class":943},[58,122141,1456],{"class":939},[58,122143,122144,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122145,65],{"class":64},[58,122147,69],{"class":68},[58,122149,32868],{"class":239},[58,122151,2016],{"class":68},[58,122153,117],{"class":81},[58,122155,973],{"class":68},[58,122157,200],{"class":81},[58,122159,2004],{"class":68},[16,122161,132],{},[49,122163,122164],{"className":51,"code":39634,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,122165,122166],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122167,122168],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122169,39634],{"class":286},[16,122171,122172],{},"Only that section is searched.",[44,122174,122176],{"id":122175},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[16,122178,122179,121987],{},[20,122180,55462],{},[16,122182,170],{},[28,122184,122185,122193],{},[31,122186,122187,2512,122189,122192],{},[20,122188,16247],{},[20,122190,122191],{},"\"A\""," are different",[31,122194,122195,2512,122197,122192],{},[20,122196,62708],{},[20,122198,88592],{},[16,122200,276],{},[49,122202,122204],{"className":51,"code":122203,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[20,122205,122206,122219],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122207,122208,122210,122212,122214,122217],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122209,32847],{"class":286},[58,122211,290],{"class":77},[58,122213,1450],{"class":939},[58,122215,122216],{"class":943},"Apple apple APPLE",[58,122218,1456],{"class":939},[58,122220,122221,122223,122225,122227,122229,122231,122233,122235,122237,122239],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122222,65],{"class":64},[58,122224,69],{"class":68},[58,122226,32868],{"class":239},[58,122228,499],{"class":68},[58,122230,39425],{"class":239},[58,122232,69],{"class":68},[58,122234,940],{"class":939},[58,122236,2196],{"class":943},[58,122238,940],{"class":939},[58,122240,85],{"class":68},[16,122242,132],{},[49,122244,122245],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,122246,122247],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122248,122249],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122250,45085],{"class":81},[16,122252,122253,122254,973],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[374,122255,122257],{"href":122256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[20,122258,122259],{},"lower()",[49,122261,122263],{"className":51,"code":122262,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[20,122264,122265,122277],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122266,122267,122269,122271,122273,122275],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122268,32847],{"class":286},[58,122270,290],{"class":77},[58,122272,1450],{"class":939},[58,122274,122216],{"class":943},[58,122276,1456],{"class":939},[58,122278,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291,122293,122295,122297,122299,122301],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122280,65],{"class":64},[58,122282,69],{"class":68},[58,122284,32868],{"class":239},[58,122286,499],{"class":68},[58,122288,6776],{"class":239},[58,122290,6773],{"class":68},[58,122292,39425],{"class":239},[58,122294,69],{"class":68},[58,122296,940],{"class":939},[58,122298,2196],{"class":943},[58,122300,940],{"class":939},[58,122302,85],{"class":68},[16,122304,132],{},[49,122306,122307],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,122308,122309],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122310,122311],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122312,44785],{"class":81},[44,122314,914],{"id":913},[16,122316,21248,122317,499],{},[20,122318,55462],{},[617,122320,6588,122322,122324],{"id":122321},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[20,122323,55462],{}," to ignore case automatically",[16,122326,122327],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[49,122329,122331],{"className":51,"code":122330,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[20,122332,122333,122346],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122334,122335,122337,122339,122341,122344],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122336,32847],{"class":286},[58,122338,290],{"class":77},[58,122340,1450],{"class":939},[58,122342,122343],{"class":943},"Aardvark",[58,122345,1456],{"class":939},[58,122347,122348,122350,122352,122354,122356,122358,122360,122362,122364,122366],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122349,65],{"class":64},[58,122351,69],{"class":68},[58,122353,32868],{"class":239},[58,122355,499],{"class":68},[58,122357,39425],{"class":239},[58,122359,69],{"class":68},[58,122361,940],{"class":939},[58,122363,374],{"class":943},[58,122365,940],{"class":939},[58,122367,85],{"class":68},[16,122369,132],{},[49,122371,122372],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,122373,122374],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122375,122376],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122377,15206],{"class":81},[16,122379,121980,122380,122382],{},[20,122381,122191],{}," at the start is not counted.",[16,122384,122385],{},"If needed, convert first:",[49,122387,122389],{"className":51,"code":122388,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[20,122390,122391,122403],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122392,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122394,32847],{"class":286},[58,122396,290],{"class":77},[58,122398,1450],{"class":939},[58,122400,122343],{"class":943},[58,122402,1456],{"class":939},[58,122404,122405,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122406,65],{"class":64},[58,122408,69],{"class":68},[58,122410,32868],{"class":239},[58,122412,499],{"class":68},[58,122414,6776],{"class":239},[58,122416,6773],{"class":68},[58,122418,39425],{"class":239},[58,122420,69],{"class":68},[58,122422,940],{"class":939},[58,122424,374],{"class":943},[58,122426,940],{"class":939},[58,122428,85],{"class":68},[617,122430,122432],{"id":122431},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[16,122434,122435],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[49,122437,122439],{"className":51,"code":122438,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[20,122440,122441,122453],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122442,122443,122445,122447,122449,122451],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122444,32847],{"class":286},[58,122446,290],{"class":77},[58,122448,1450],{"class":939},[58,122450,2205],{"class":943},[58,122452,1456],{"class":939},[58,122454,122455,122457,122459,122461,122463,122465,122467,122469],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122456,65],{"class":64},[58,122458,69],{"class":68},[58,122460,32868],{"class":239},[58,122462,499],{"class":68},[58,122464,39425],{"class":239},[58,122466,69],{"class":68},[58,122468,374],{"class":239},[58,122470,85],{"class":68},[16,122472,122473,122474,499],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[20,122475,374],{},[16,122477,8948],{},[49,122479,122481],{"className":51,"code":122480,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[20,122482,122483,122495],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122484,122485,122487,122489,122491,122493],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122486,32847],{"class":286},[58,122488,290],{"class":77},[58,122490,1450],{"class":939},[58,122492,2205],{"class":943},[58,122494,1456],{"class":939},[58,122496,122497,122499,122501,122503,122505,122507,122509,122511,122513,122515],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122498,65],{"class":64},[58,122500,69],{"class":68},[58,122502,32868],{"class":239},[58,122504,499],{"class":68},[58,122506,39425],{"class":239},[58,122508,69],{"class":68},[58,122510,940],{"class":939},[58,122512,374],{"class":943},[58,122514,940],{"class":939},[58,122516,85],{"class":68},[617,122518,35367,122520,6841,122522,966,122525],{"id":122519},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[20,122521,55462],{},[20,122523,122524],{},"find()",[20,122526,57140],{},[16,122528,155,122529,122531,122532,499],{},[20,122530,55462],{}," when you need the ",[1855,122533,122534],{},"number of matches",[16,122536,155,122537,122531,122542,122544],{},[374,122538,122540],{"href":122539},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[20,122541,122524],{},[1855,122543,63120],{}," of the first match.",[16,122546,155,122547,122552],{},[374,122548,122550],{"href":122549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[20,122551,57140],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[617,122554,122556],{"id":122555},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[16,122558,122559,122561],{},[20,122560,55462],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[16,122563,276],{},[49,122565,122567],{"className":51,"code":122566,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[20,122568,122569,122582],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122570,122571,122573,122575,122577,122580],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122572,32847],{"class":286},[58,122574,290],{"class":77},[58,122576,1450],{"class":939},[58,122578,122579],{"class":943},"aaaa",[58,122581,1456],{"class":939},[58,122583,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596,122598,122601,122603],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122585,65],{"class":64},[58,122587,69],{"class":68},[58,122589,32868],{"class":239},[58,122591,499],{"class":68},[58,122593,39425],{"class":239},[58,122595,69],{"class":68},[58,122597,940],{"class":939},[58,122599,122600],{"class":943},"aa",[58,122602,940],{"class":939},[58,122604,85],{"class":68},[16,122606,132],{},[49,122608,122609],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,122610,122611],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122612,122613],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122614,15206],{"class":81},[16,122616,122617,122618,499],{},"It does not return ",[20,122619,123],{},[16,122621,122622],{},"Why not?",[16,122624,122625],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[28,122627,122628,122637],{},[31,122629,122630,122633,122634],{},[20,122631,122632],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[20,122635,122636],{},"0-1",[31,122638,122639,122633,122641],{},[20,122640,122632],{},[20,122642,122643],{},"2-3",[16,122645,122646,122647,499],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[20,122648,122649],{},"1-2",[44,122651,3083,122652],{"id":56545},[20,122653,55462],{},[16,122655,155,122656,122658],{},[20,122657,55462],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[16,122660,122661],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[28,122663,122664,122673,122683,122693],{},[31,122665,155,122666,122668,122669,122672],{},[20,122667,55462],{}," when you need ",[1855,122670,122671],{},"how many times"," something appears",[31,122674,155,122675,122668,122679,122682],{},[374,122676,122677],{"href":122539},[20,122678,122524],{},[1855,122680,122681],{},"where"," it appears",[31,122684,45979,122685,122689,122690],{},[374,122686,122687,99775],{"href":121784},[20,122688,1998],{}," when you only need to know ",[1855,122691,122692],{},"if it exists",[31,122694,155,122695,122701],{},[374,122696,122698],{"href":122697},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[20,122699,122700],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[44,122703,24097],{"id":24096},[16,122705,7012,122706,122708],{},[20,122707,55462],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[49,122710,122712],{"className":51,"code":122711,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[20,122713,122714,122724,122738,122760,122786],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,122715,122716,122718,122720,122722],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,122717,65],{"class":64},[58,122719,69],{"class":68},[58,122721,32868],{"class":239},[58,122723,243],{"class":68},[58,122725,122726,122728,122730,122732,122734,122736],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,122727,65],{"class":64},[58,122729,69],{"class":68},[58,122731,1316],{"class":991},[58,122733,69],{"class":68},[58,122735,32868],{"class":239},[58,122737,85],{"class":68},[58,122739,122740,122742,122744,122746,122748,122750,122752,122754,122756,122758],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,122741,65],{"class":64},[58,122743,69],{"class":68},[58,122745,32868],{"class":239},[58,122747,499],{"class":68},[58,122749,39425],{"class":239},[58,122751,69],{"class":68},[58,122753,940],{"class":939},[58,122755,374],{"class":943},[58,122757,940],{"class":939},[58,122759,85],{"class":68},[58,122761,122762,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782,122784],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,122763,65],{"class":64},[58,122765,69],{"class":68},[58,122767,32868],{"class":239},[58,122769,499],{"class":68},[58,122771,6776],{"class":239},[58,122773,6773],{"class":68},[58,122775,39425],{"class":239},[58,122777,69],{"class":68},[58,122779,940],{"class":939},[58,122781,374],{"class":943},[58,122783,940],{"class":939},[58,122785,85],{"class":68},[58,122787,122788,122790,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802,122804,122806],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,122789,65],{"class":64},[58,122791,69],{"class":68},[58,122793,32868],{"class":239},[58,122795,499],{"class":68},[58,122797,39425],{"class":239},[58,122799,69],{"class":68},[58,122801,940],{"class":939},[58,122803,121622],{"class":943},[58,122805,940],{"class":939},[58,122807,85],{"class":68},[16,122809,122810],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[28,122812,122813,122816,122821,122824],{},[31,122814,122815],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[31,122817,122818,122820],{},[20,122819,32868],{}," not being a string",[31,122822,122823],{},"counting the wrong substring",[31,122825,122826],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[16,122828,57034],{},[28,122830,122831,122834,122837,122840],{},[31,122832,122833],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[31,122835,122836],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[31,122838,122839],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[31,122841,48661,122842,42797,122844,966,122846,71485],{},[20,122843,55462],{},[20,122845,122524],{},[20,122847,1998],{},[44,122849,1555],{"id":1554},[617,122851,122853,122854,122856],{"id":122852},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[20,122855,55462],{}," change the original string?",[16,122858,122859],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[617,122861,13051,122863,122865],{"id":122862},"is-count-case-sensitive",[20,122864,55462],{}," case-sensitive?",[16,122867,122868],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[617,122870,3265,122872,122874],{"id":122871},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[20,122873,55462],{}," return if nothing is found?",[16,122876,3271,122877,499],{},[20,122878,183],{},[617,122880,3293,122882,122884],{"id":122881},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[20,122883,55462],{}," count words instead of letters?",[16,122886,122887],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[617,122889,10849,122891,122893],{"id":122890},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[20,122892,55462],{}," count overlapping matches?",[16,122895,122896],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[44,122898,1603],{"id":1602},[28,122900,122901,122908,122915,122922,122929],{},[31,122902,122903],{},[374,122904,122905],{"href":122539},[20,122906,122907],{},"Python string find() method",[31,122909,122910],{},[374,122911,122912],{"href":122549},[20,122913,122914],{},"Python string index() method",[31,122916,122917],{},[374,122918,122919],{"href":122256},[20,122920,122921],{},"Python string lower() method",[31,122923,122924],{},[374,122925,122926],{"href":121784},[20,122927,122928],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[31,122930,122931],{},[374,122932,122933],{"href":122697},[20,122934,122935],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1635,122937,122938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":122945},[122946],{"id":15544,"depth":104,"text":15545},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":121866,"depth":88,"text":121867},{"id":63580,"depth":88,"text":64363,"children":122951},[122952],{"id":122087,"depth":104,"text":122088},{"id":122175,"depth":88,"text":122176},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":122955},[122956,122958,122959,122961],{"id":122321,"depth":104,"text":122957},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":122431,"depth":104,"text":122432},{"id":122519,"depth":104,"text":122960},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":122555,"depth":104,"text":122556},{"id":56545,"depth":88,"text":57176},{"id":24096,"depth":88,"text":24097},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":122965},[122966,122968,122970,122972,122974],{"id":122852,"depth":104,"text":122967},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":122862,"depth":104,"text":122969},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":122871,"depth":104,"text":122971},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":122881,"depth":104,"text":122973},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":122890,"depth":104,"text":122975},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":121523,"description":122977},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":122984,"title":122985,"body":122986,"description":124571,"extension":1667,"meta":124572,"navigation":318,"path":124573,"seo":124574,"stem":124575,"__hash__":124576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":9,"value":122987,"toc":124544},[122988,122991,122994,123091,123100,123102,123121,123125,123128,123131,123144,123147,123176,123181,123186,123244,123246,123279,123285,123289,123292,123295,123324,123327,123354,123357,123360,123364,123367,123374,123437,123439,123457,123460,123464,123467,123470,123512,123515,123559,123562,123565,123569,123574,123577,123620,123622,123645,123648,123681,123684,123733,123743,123747,123750,123753,123782,123785,123796,123798,123857,123860,123864,123867,123870,123885,123894,123897,123931,123934,123961,123964,123971,123973,123976,123978,123981,123995,124004,124006,124033,124037,124040,124054,124057,124116,124120,124123,124150,124153,124180,124188,124191,124251,124253,124286,124290,124293,124312,124317,124366,124371,124373,124376,124435,124453,124455,124459,124467,124471,124474,124478,124484,124488,124498,124502,124505,124507,124541],[12,122989,122985],{"id":122990},"python-string-creating-a-string",[16,122992,122993],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[49,122995,122997],{"className":51,"code":122996,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[20,122998,122999,123011,123023,123032,123046,123050,123060,123070,123081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123000,123001,123003,123005,123007,123009],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123002,6009],{"class":286},[58,123004,290],{"class":77},[58,123006,1450],{"class":939},[58,123008,3126],{"class":943},[58,123010,1456],{"class":939},[58,123012,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123014,88181],{"class":286},[58,123016,290],{"class":77},[58,123018,1391],{"class":939},[58,123020,33027],{"class":943},[58,123022,27856],{"class":939},[58,123024,123025,123028,123030],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123026,123027],{"class":286},"empty ",[58,123029,290],{"class":77},[58,123031,6014],{"class":939},[58,123033,123034,123036,123038,123040,123042,123044],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,123035,32847],{"class":286},[58,123037,290],{"class":77},[58,123039,47073],{"class":991},[58,123041,69],{"class":68},[58,123043,48415],{"class":81},[58,123045,243],{"class":68},[58,123047,123048],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,123049,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,123051,123052,123054,123056,123058],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,123053,65],{"class":64},[58,123055,69],{"class":68},[58,123057,5799],{"class":239},[58,123059,243],{"class":68},[58,123061,123062,123064,123066,123068],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,123063,65],{"class":64},[58,123065,69],{"class":68},[58,123067,88198],{"class":239},[58,123069,243],{"class":68},[58,123071,123072,123074,123076,123079],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,123073,65],{"class":64},[58,123075,69],{"class":68},[58,123077,123078],{"class":239},"empty",[58,123080,243],{"class":68},[58,123082,123083,123085,123087,123089],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,123084,65],{"class":64},[58,123086,69],{"class":68},[58,123088,32868],{"class":239},[58,123090,243],{"class":68},[16,123092,123093,123096,123097,123099],{},[1855,123094,123095],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[20,123098,45852],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[44,123101,13311],{"id":13310},[28,123103,123104,123107,123110,123113,123118],{},[31,123105,123106],{},"What a string is in Python",[31,123108,123109],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[31,123111,123112],{},"How to create an empty string",[31,123114,123115,123116],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[20,123117,45852],{},[31,123119,123120],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[44,123122,123124],{"id":123123},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[16,123126,123127],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[16,123129,123130],{},"Strings can contain:",[28,123132,123133,123136,123138,123141],{},[31,123134,123135],{},"Letters",[31,123137,54633],{},[31,123139,123140],{},"Spaces",[31,123142,123143],{},"Symbols",[16,123145,123146],{},"Examples of strings:",[49,123148,123150],{"className":51,"code":123149,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[20,123151,123152,123160,123168],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123153,123154,123156,123158],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123155,940],{"class":41495},[58,123157,1959],{"class":41499},[58,123159,1456],{"class":41495},[58,123161,123162,123164,123166],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123163,940],{"class":41495},[58,123165,48415],{"class":41499},[58,123167,1456],{"class":41495},[58,123169,123170,123172,123174],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123171,940],{"class":41495},[58,123173,87323],{"class":41499},[58,123175,1456],{"class":41495},[16,123177,19130,123178,123180],{},[20,123179,48465],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[16,123182,123183,123184,973],{},"You can check the type with ",[20,123185,379],{},[49,123187,123189],{"className":51,"code":123188,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[20,123190,123191,123203,123212,123216,123230],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123192,123193,123195,123197,123199,123201],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123194,32847],{"class":286},[58,123196,290],{"class":77},[58,123198,1450],{"class":939},[58,123200,48415],{"class":943},[58,123202,1456],{"class":939},[58,123204,123205,123207,123209],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123206,287],{"class":286},[58,123208,290],{"class":77},[58,123210,123211],{"class":81}," 123\n",[58,123213,123214],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123215,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,123217,123218,123220,123222,123224,123226,123228],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,123219,65],{"class":64},[58,123221,69],{"class":68},[58,123223,1316],{"class":991},[58,123225,69],{"class":68},[58,123227,32868],{"class":239},[58,123229,85],{"class":68},[58,123231,123232,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,123233,65],{"class":64},[58,123235,69],{"class":68},[58,123237,1316],{"class":991},[58,123239,69],{"class":68},[58,123241,311],{"class":239},[58,123243,85],{"class":68},[16,123245,132],{},[49,123247,123249],{"className":51,"code":123248,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[20,123250,123251,123265],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123252,123253,123255,123257,123259,123261,123263],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123254,1385],{"class":77},[58,123256,1388],{"class":126},[58,123258,1391],{"class":939},[58,123260,1542],{"class":943},[58,123262,1396],{"class":939},[58,123264,1399],{"class":77},[58,123266,123267,123269,123271,123273,123275,123277],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123268,1385],{"class":77},[58,123270,1388],{"class":126},[58,123272,1391],{"class":939},[58,123274,256],{"class":943},[58,123276,1396],{"class":939},[58,123278,1399],{"class":77},[16,123280,123281,123282,499],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[374,123283,123284],{"href":49145},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[44,123286,123288],{"id":123287},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[16,123290,123291],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[16,123293,123294],{},"You can use single quotes:",[49,123296,123298],{"className":51,"code":123297,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[20,123299,123300,123313],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123301,123302,123305,123307,123309,123311],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123303,123304],{"class":286},"greeting ",[58,123306,290],{"class":77},[58,123308,1391],{"class":939},[58,123310,1959],{"class":943},[58,123312,27856],{"class":939},[58,123314,123315,123317,123319,123322],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123316,65],{"class":64},[58,123318,69],{"class":68},[58,123320,123321],{"class":239},"greeting",[58,123323,243],{"class":68},[16,123325,123326],{},"Or double quotes:",[49,123328,123330],{"className":51,"code":123329,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[20,123331,123332,123344],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123333,123334,123336,123338,123340,123342],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123335,123304],{"class":286},[58,123337,290],{"class":77},[58,123339,1450],{"class":939},[58,123341,1959],{"class":943},[58,123343,1456],{"class":939},[58,123345,123346,123348,123350,123352],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123347,65],{"class":64},[58,123349,69],{"class":68},[58,123351,123321],{"class":239},[58,123353,243],{"class":68},[16,123355,123356],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[16,123358,123359],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[44,123361,123363],{"id":123362},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[16,123365,123366],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[16,123368,123369,123370,966,123372,973],{},"Use either ",[20,123371,4399],{},[20,123373,1886],{},[49,123375,123377],{"className":51,"code":123376,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[20,123378,123379,123388,123397,123401,123412,123423],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123380,123381,123384,123386],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123382,123383],{"class":286},"empty1 ",[58,123385,290],{"class":77},[58,123387,6014],{"class":939},[58,123389,123390,123393,123395],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123391,123392],{"class":286},"empty2 ",[58,123394,290],{"class":77},[58,123396,45664],{"class":939},[58,123398,123399],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123400,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,123402,123403,123405,123407,123410],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,123404,65],{"class":64},[58,123406,69],{"class":68},[58,123408,123409],{"class":239},"empty1",[58,123411,243],{"class":68},[58,123413,123414,123416,123418,123421],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,123415,65],{"class":64},[58,123417,69],{"class":68},[58,123419,123420],{"class":239},"empty2",[58,123422,243],{"class":68},[58,123424,123425,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,123426,65],{"class":64},[58,123428,69],{"class":68},[58,123430,1316],{"class":991},[58,123432,69],{"class":68},[58,123434,123409],{"class":239},[58,123436,85],{"class":68},[16,123438,132],{},[49,123440,123441],{"className":51,"code":43938,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,123442,123443],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123444,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123455],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123446,1385],{"class":77},[58,123448,1388],{"class":126},[58,123450,1391],{"class":939},[58,123452,1542],{"class":943},[58,123454,1396],{"class":939},[58,123456,1399],{"class":77},[16,123458,123459],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[44,123461,123463],{"id":123462},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[16,123465,123466],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[16,123468,123469],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[49,123471,123473],{"className":51,"code":123472,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[20,123474,123475,123486,123491,123498,123502],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123476,123477,123479,123481,123484],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123478,88181],{"class":286},[58,123480,290],{"class":77},[58,123482,123483],{"class":939}," \"\"\"",[58,123485,87123],{"class":943},[58,123487,123488],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123489,123490],{"class":943},"Welcome to Python\n",[58,123492,123493,123496],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123494,123495],{"class":943},"Have a nice day",[58,123497,41503],{"class":939},[58,123499,123500],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,123501,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,123503,123504,123506,123508,123510],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,123505,65],{"class":64},[58,123507,69],{"class":68},[58,123509,88198],{"class":239},[58,123511,243],{"class":68},[16,123513,123514],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[49,123516,123518],{"className":51,"code":123517,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[20,123519,123520,123532,123537,123545,123549],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123521,123522,123524,123526,123529],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123523,88181],{"class":286},[58,123525,290],{"class":77},[58,123527,123528],{"class":939}," '''",[58,123530,123531],{"class":943},"Line 1\n",[58,123533,123534],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123535,123536],{"class":943},"Line 2\n",[58,123538,123539,123542],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123540,123541],{"class":943},"Line 3",[58,123543,123544],{"class":939},"'''\n",[58,123546,123547],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,123548,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,123550,123551,123553,123555,123557],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,123552,65],{"class":64},[58,123554,69],{"class":68},[58,123556,88198],{"class":239},[58,123558,243],{"class":68},[16,123560,123561],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[16,123563,123564],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[44,123566,123568],{"id":123567},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[16,123570,18,123571,123573],{},[20,123572,45852],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[16,123575,123576],{},"Example with a number:",[49,123578,123580],{"className":51,"code":123579,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,123581,123582,123596,123606],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123583,123584,123586,123588,123590,123592,123594],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123585,32847],{"class":286},[58,123587,290],{"class":77},[58,123589,47073],{"class":991},[58,123591,69],{"class":68},[58,123593,44694],{"class":81},[58,123595,243],{"class":68},[58,123597,123598,123600,123602,123604],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123599,65],{"class":64},[58,123601,69],{"class":68},[58,123603,32868],{"class":239},[58,123605,243],{"class":68},[58,123607,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123609,65],{"class":64},[58,123611,69],{"class":68},[58,123613,1316],{"class":991},[58,123615,69],{"class":68},[58,123617,32868],{"class":239},[58,123619,85],{"class":68},[16,123621,132],{},[49,123623,123625],{"className":51,"code":123624,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,123626,123627,123631],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123628,123629],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123630,44780],{"class":81},[58,123632,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641,123643],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123634,1385],{"class":77},[58,123636,1388],{"class":126},[58,123638,1391],{"class":939},[58,123640,1542],{"class":943},[58,123642,1396],{"class":939},[58,123644,1399],{"class":77},[16,123646,123647],{},"You can also convert other values:",[49,123649,123651],{"className":51,"code":123650,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[20,123652,123653,123667],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123654,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123656,65],{"class":64},[58,123658,69],{"class":68},[58,123660,1542],{"class":991},[58,123662,69],{"class":68},[58,123664,1710],{"class":1966},[58,123666,85],{"class":68},[58,123668,123669,123671,123673,123675,123677,123679],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123670,65],{"class":64},[58,123672,69],{"class":68},[58,123674,1542],{"class":991},[58,123676,69],{"class":68},[58,123678,38308],{"class":81},[58,123680,85],{"class":68},[16,123682,123683],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[49,123685,123687],{"className":51,"code":123686,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[20,123688,123689,123697,123719,123723],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123690,123691,123693,123695],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123692,19781],{"class":286},[58,123694,290],{"class":77},[58,123696,43393],{"class":81},[58,123698,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713,123715,123717],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123700,88181],{"class":286},[58,123702,290],{"class":77},[58,123704,1450],{"class":939},[58,123706,87599],{"class":943},[58,123708,940],{"class":939},[58,123710,534],{"class":77},[58,123712,47073],{"class":991},[58,123714,69],{"class":68},[58,123716,7437],{"class":239},[58,123718,243],{"class":68},[58,123720,123721],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123722,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,123724,123725,123727,123729,123731],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,123726,65],{"class":64},[58,123728,69],{"class":68},[58,123730,88198],{"class":239},[58,123732,243],{"class":68},[16,123734,123735,123736,966,123740,499],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[374,123737,1681,123738,1612],{"href":40341},[20,123739,45852],{},[374,123741,123742],{"href":121454},"how to convert int to string in Python",[44,123744,123746],{"id":123745},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[16,123748,123749],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[16,123751,123752],{},"Both of these are valid:",[49,123754,123756],{"className":51,"code":123755,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[20,123757,123758,123770],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123759,123760,123762,123764,123766,123768],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123761,637],{"class":286},[58,123763,290],{"class":77},[58,123765,1391],{"class":939},[58,123767,5427],{"class":943},[58,123769,27856],{"class":939},[58,123771,123772,123774,123776,123778,123780],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123773,665],{"class":286},[58,123775,290],{"class":77},[58,123777,1450],{"class":939},[58,123779,5427],{"class":943},[58,123781,1456],{"class":939},[16,123783,123784],{},"A common rule is:",[28,123786,123787,123790,123793],{},[31,123788,123789],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[31,123791,123792],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[31,123794,123795],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[16,123797,276],{},[49,123799,123801],{"className":51,"code":123800,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[20,123802,123803,123817,123831,123835,123846],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123804,123805,123808,123810,123812,123815],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123806,123807],{"class":286},"text1 ",[58,123809,290],{"class":77},[58,123811,1450],{"class":939},[58,123813,123814],{"class":943},"It's working",[58,123816,1456],{"class":939},[58,123818,123819,123822,123824,123826,123829],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123820,123821],{"class":286},"text2 ",[58,123823,290],{"class":77},[58,123825,1391],{"class":939},[58,123827,123828],{"class":943},"She said \"hello\"",[58,123830,27856],{"class":939},[58,123832,123833],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,123834,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,123836,123837,123839,123841,123844],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,123838,65],{"class":64},[58,123840,69],{"class":68},[58,123842,123843],{"class":239},"text1",[58,123845,243],{"class":68},[58,123847,123848,123850,123852,123855],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,123849,65],{"class":64},[58,123851,69],{"class":68},[58,123853,123854],{"class":239},"text2",[58,123856,243],{"class":68},[16,123858,123859],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[44,123861,123863],{"id":123862},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[16,123865,123866],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[16,123868,123869],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[49,123871,123873],{"className":51,"code":123872,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,123874,123875,123880],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123876,123877],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123878,123879],{"class":1773},"# This will cause an error\n",[58,123881,123882],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123883,123884],{"class":1773},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[16,123886,123887,123888,33490,123890,123893],{},"Python sees the second ",[20,123889,1396],{},[20,123891,123892],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[16,123895,123896],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[49,123898,123900],{"className":51,"code":123899,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[20,123901,123902,123921],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123903,123904,123906,123908,123910,123913,123916,123919],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123905,32847],{"class":286},[58,123907,290],{"class":77},[58,123909,1391],{"class":939},[58,123911,123912],{"class":943},"It",[58,123914,123915],{"class":32612},"\\'",[58,123917,123918],{"class":943},"s working",[58,123920,27856],{"class":939},[58,123922,123923,123925,123927,123929],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123924,65],{"class":64},[58,123926,69],{"class":68},[58,123928,32868],{"class":239},[58,123930,243],{"class":68},[16,123932,123933],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[49,123935,123937],{"className":51,"code":123936,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[20,123938,123939,123951],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123940,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123942,32847],{"class":286},[58,123944,290],{"class":77},[58,123946,1450],{"class":939},[58,123948,123814],{"class":943},[58,123950,1456],{"class":939},[58,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123954,65],{"class":64},[58,123956,69],{"class":68},[58,123958,32868],{"class":239},[58,123960,243],{"class":68},[16,123962,123963],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[16,123965,123966,123967,499],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[374,123968,123970],{"href":123969},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[44,123972,914],{"id":913},[16,123974,123975],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[617,123977,88388],{"id":88387},[16,123979,123980],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[49,123982,123984],{"className":51,"code":123983,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[20,123985,123986,123990],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,123987,123988],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,123989,123879],{"class":1773},[58,123991,123992],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,123993,123994],{"class":1773},"# name = Alice\n",[16,123996,123997,123998,6737,124001,124003],{},"Python may raise a ",[20,123999,124000],{},"NameError",[20,124002,3126],{}," is not defined.",[16,124005,8948],{},[49,124007,124009],{"className":51,"code":124008,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[20,124010,124011,124023],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124012,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124014,6009],{"class":286},[58,124016,290],{"class":77},[58,124018,1450],{"class":939},[58,124020,3126],{"class":943},[58,124022,1456],{"class":939},[58,124024,124025,124027,124029,124031],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124026,65],{"class":64},[58,124028,69],{"class":68},[58,124030,5799],{"class":239},[58,124032,243],{"class":68},[617,124034,124036],{"id":124035},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[16,124038,124039],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[49,124041,124043],{"className":51,"code":124042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,124044,124045,124049],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124046,124047],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124048,123879],{"class":1773},[58,124050,124051],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124052,124053],{"class":1773},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[16,124055,124056],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[49,124058,124060],{"className":51,"code":124059,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[20,124061,124062,124079,124092,124096,124106],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124063,124064,124066,124068,124070,124072,124074,124077],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124065,123807],{"class":286},[58,124067,290],{"class":77},[58,124069,1391],{"class":939},[58,124071,123912],{"class":943},[58,124073,123915],{"class":32612},[58,124075,124076],{"class":943},"s good",[58,124078,27856],{"class":939},[58,124080,124081,124083,124085,124087,124090],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124082,123821],{"class":286},[58,124084,290],{"class":77},[58,124086,1450],{"class":939},[58,124088,124089],{"class":943},"It's good",[58,124091,1456],{"class":939},[58,124093,124094],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,124095,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,124097,124098,124100,124102,124104],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,124099,65],{"class":64},[58,124101,69],{"class":68},[58,124103,123843],{"class":239},[58,124105,243],{"class":68},[58,124107,124108,124110,124112,124114],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,124109,65],{"class":64},[58,124111,69],{"class":68},[58,124113,123854],{"class":239},[58,124115,243],{"class":68},[617,124117,124119],{"id":124118},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[16,124121,124122],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[49,124124,124126],{"className":51,"code":124125,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[20,124127,124128,124140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124129,124130,124132,124134,124136,124138],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124131,32847],{"class":286},[58,124133,290],{"class":77},[58,124135,123483],{"class":939},[58,124137,1959],{"class":943},[58,124139,41503],{"class":939},[58,124141,124142,124144,124146,124148],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124143,65],{"class":64},[58,124145,69],{"class":68},[58,124147,32868],{"class":239},[58,124149,243],{"class":68},[16,124151,124152],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[49,124154,124156],{"className":51,"code":124155,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[20,124157,124158,124170],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124159,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124161,32847],{"class":286},[58,124163,290],{"class":77},[58,124165,1450],{"class":939},[58,124167,1959],{"class":943},[58,124169,1456],{"class":939},[58,124171,124172,124174,124176,124178],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124173,65],{"class":64},[58,124175,69],{"class":68},[58,124177,32868],{"class":239},[58,124179,243],{"class":68},[617,124181,2699,124183,2512,124185,124187],{"id":124182},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[20,124184,48415],{},[20,124186,48465],{}," are the same type",[16,124189,124190],{},"They are different:",[49,124192,124194],{"className":51,"code":124193,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[20,124195,124196,124205,124218,124222,124236],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124197,124198,124201,124203],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124199,124200],{"class":286},"value1 ",[58,124202,290],{"class":77},[58,124204,123211],{"class":81},[58,124206,124207,124210,124212,124214,124216],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124208,124209],{"class":286},"value2 ",[58,124211,290],{"class":77},[58,124213,1450],{"class":939},[58,124215,48415],{"class":943},[58,124217,1456],{"class":939},[58,124219,124220],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,124221,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,124223,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,124225,65],{"class":64},[58,124227,69],{"class":68},[58,124229,1316],{"class":991},[58,124231,69],{"class":68},[58,124233,82944],{"class":239},[58,124235,85],{"class":68},[58,124237,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124249],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,124239,65],{"class":64},[58,124241,69],{"class":68},[58,124243,1316],{"class":991},[58,124245,69],{"class":68},[58,124247,124248],{"class":239},"value2",[58,124250,85],{"class":68},[16,124252,132],{},[49,124254,124256],{"className":51,"code":124255,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,124257,124258,124272],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124259,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124261,1385],{"class":77},[58,124263,1388],{"class":126},[58,124265,1391],{"class":939},[58,124267,256],{"class":943},[58,124269,1396],{"class":939},[58,124271,1399],{"class":77},[58,124273,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124275,1385],{"class":77},[58,124277,1388],{"class":126},[58,124279,1391],{"class":939},[58,124281,1542],{"class":943},[58,124283,1396],{"class":939},[58,124285,1399],{"class":77},[617,124287,124289],{"id":124288},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[16,124291,124292],{},"This causes a type error:",[49,124294,124296],{"className":51,"code":124295,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,124297,124298,124302,124307],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124299,124300],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124301,123879],{"class":1773},[58,124303,124304],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124305,124306],{"class":1773},"# age = 10\n",[58,124308,124309],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,124310,124311],{"class":1773},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[16,124313,124314,124315,973],{},"Fix it with ",[20,124316,45852],{},[49,124318,124320],{"className":51,"code":124319,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[20,124321,124322,124330,124352,124356],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124323,124324,124326,124328],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124325,19781],{"class":286},[58,124327,290],{"class":77},[58,124329,670],{"class":81},[58,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124333,88181],{"class":286},[58,124335,290],{"class":77},[58,124337,1450],{"class":939},[58,124339,87599],{"class":943},[58,124341,940],{"class":939},[58,124343,534],{"class":77},[58,124345,47073],{"class":991},[58,124347,69],{"class":68},[58,124349,7437],{"class":239},[58,124351,243],{"class":68},[58,124353,124354],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,124355,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,124357,124358,124360,124362,124364],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,124359,65],{"class":64},[58,124361,69],{"class":68},[58,124363,88198],{"class":239},[58,124365,243],{"class":68},[16,124367,124368,124369,499],{},"For this specific error, see ",[374,124370,88580],{"href":88579},[617,124372,58883],{"id":58882},[16,124374,124375],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[49,124377,124379],{"className":51,"code":124378,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[20,124380,124381,124393,124397,124407,124421],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124382,124383,124385,124387,124389,124391],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124384,32847],{"class":286},[58,124386,290],{"class":77},[58,124388,1450],{"class":939},[58,124390,1959],{"class":943},[58,124392,1456],{"class":939},[58,124394,124395],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124396,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,124398,124399,124401,124403,124405],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,124400,65],{"class":64},[58,124402,69],{"class":68},[58,124404,32868],{"class":239},[58,124406,243],{"class":68},[58,124408,124409,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,124410,65],{"class":64},[58,124412,69],{"class":68},[58,124414,1316],{"class":991},[58,124416,69],{"class":68},[58,124418,32868],{"class":239},[58,124420,85],{"class":68},[58,124422,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124433],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,124424,65],{"class":64},[58,124426,69],{"class":68},[58,124428,39945],{"class":64},[58,124430,69],{"class":68},[58,124432,32868],{"class":239},[58,124434,85],{"class":68},[28,124436,124437,124442,124447],{},[31,124438,124439,44446],{},[20,124440,124441],{},"print(text)",[31,124443,124444,44451],{},[20,124445,124446],{},"print(type(text))",[31,124448,124449,124452],{},[20,124450,124451],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[44,124454,1555],{"id":1554},[617,124456,124458],{"id":124457},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[16,124460,124461,124462,966,124465,499],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[20,124463,124464],{},"'hello'",[20,124466,62708],{},[617,124468,124470],{"id":124469},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[16,124472,124473],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[617,124475,124477],{"id":124476},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[16,124479,155,124480,966,124482,499],{},[20,124481,4399],{},[20,124483,1886],{},[617,124485,124487],{"id":124486},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[16,124489,155,124490,124492,124493,124495,124496,499],{},[20,124491,45852],{},", like ",[20,124494,78554],{},", which returns ",[20,124497,40292],{},[617,124499,124501],{"id":124500},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[16,124503,124504],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[44,124506,1603],{"id":1602},[28,124508,124509,124513,124519,124524,124533,124537],{},[31,124510,124511],{},[374,124512,123284],{"href":49145},[31,124514,124515],{},[374,124516,1681,124517,1612],{"href":40341},[20,124518,45852],{},[31,124520,124521],{},[374,124522,124523],{"href":121454},"How to convert int to string in Python",[31,124525,124526],{},[374,124527,124529,124530,8881],{"href":124528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[20,124531,124532],{},"format()",[31,124534,124535],{},[374,124536,123970],{"href":123969},[31,124538,124539],{},[374,124540,88580],{"href":88579},[1635,124542,124543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":124545},[124546,124547,124548,124549,124550,124551,124552,124553,124554,124563,124570],{"id":13310,"depth":88,"text":13311},{"id":123123,"depth":88,"text":123124},{"id":123287,"depth":88,"text":123288},{"id":123362,"depth":88,"text":123363},{"id":123462,"depth":88,"text":123463},{"id":123567,"depth":88,"text":123568},{"id":123745,"depth":88,"text":123746},{"id":123862,"depth":88,"text":123863},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":124555},[124556,124557,124558,124559,124561,124562],{"id":88387,"depth":104,"text":88388},{"id":124035,"depth":104,"text":124036},{"id":124118,"depth":104,"text":124119},{"id":124182,"depth":104,"text":124560},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":124288,"depth":104,"text":124289},{"id":58882,"depth":104,"text":58883},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":124564},[124565,124566,124567,124568,124569],{"id":124457,"depth":104,"text":124458},{"id":124469,"depth":104,"text":124470},{"id":124476,"depth":104,"text":124477},{"id":124486,"depth":104,"text":124487},{"id":124500,"depth":104,"text":124501},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":122985,"description":124571},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":124578,"title":124579,"body":124580,"description":126494,"extension":1667,"meta":126495,"navigation":318,"path":126496,"seo":126497,"stem":126498,"__hash__":126499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":9,"value":124581,"toc":126455},[124582,124588,124593,124601,124603,124670,124672,124684,124693,124698,124702,124719,124721,124786,124788,124800,124805,124807,124835,124856,124859,124898,124900,124908,124912,124916,124920,124928,124931,124972,124974,124982,124985,125042,125044,125052,125056,125061,125105,125107,125115,125124,125128,125133,125181,125183,125191,125197,125199,125203,125215,125220,125299,125301,125321,125325,125329,125369,125371,125379,125383,125426,125428,125436,125440,125480,125482,125490,125494,125550,125552,125560,125566,125568,125572,125582,125649,125651,125664,125671,125714,125716,125724,125728,125731,125787,125789,125797,125800,125802,125879,125881,125889,125898,125900,125904,125908,125910,125932,125935,125982,125986,126025,126027,126035,126037,126079,126086,126091,126153,126155,126167,126173,126178,126227,126229,126248,126254,126256,126275,126277,126368,126370,126376,126383,126389,126395,126400,126409,126416,126424,126426,126452],[12,124583,121529,124585,9464],{"id":124584},"python-string-endswith-method",[20,124586,124587],{},"endswith()",[16,124589,121534,124590,124592],{},[20,124591,124587],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[16,124594,124595,124596,966,124598,124600],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[20,124597,1710],{},[20,124599,1784],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[44,124602,47],{"id":46},[49,124604,124606],{"className":51,"code":124605,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[20,124607,124608,124622,124647],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124609,124610,124613,124615,124617,124620],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124611,124612],{"class":286},"filename ",[58,124614,290],{"class":77},[58,124616,1450],{"class":939},[58,124618,124619],{"class":943},"report.csv",[58,124621,1456],{"class":939},[58,124623,124624,124626,124628,124631,124633,124636,124638,124640,124643,124645],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124625,65],{"class":64},[58,124627,69],{"class":68},[58,124629,124630],{"class":239},"filename",[58,124632,499],{"class":68},[58,124634,124635],{"class":239},"endswith",[58,124637,69],{"class":68},[58,124639,940],{"class":939},[58,124641,124642],{"class":943},".csv",[58,124644,940],{"class":939},[58,124646,85],{"class":68},[58,124648,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663,124666,124668],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,124650,65],{"class":64},[58,124652,69],{"class":68},[58,124654,124630],{"class":239},[58,124656,499],{"class":68},[58,124658,124635],{"class":239},[58,124660,69],{"class":68},[58,124662,940],{"class":939},[58,124664,124665],{"class":943},".txt",[58,124667,940],{"class":939},[58,124669,85],{"class":68},[16,124671,132],{},[49,124673,124674],{"className":51,"code":42341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,124675,124676,124680],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124677,124678],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124679,2096],{"class":1966},[58,124681,124682],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124683,2157],{"class":1966},[16,124685,155,124686,3494,124688,966,124690,124692],{},[20,124687,124587],{},[20,124689,1710],{},[20,124691,1784],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[44,124694,1788,124696,1791],{"id":124695},"what-endswith-does",[20,124697,124587],{},[16,124699,124700,973],{},[20,124701,124587],{},[28,124703,124704,124707,124713,124716],{},[31,124705,124706],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[31,124708,9566,124709,966,124711],{},[20,124710,1710],{},[20,124712,1784],{},[31,124714,124715],{},"Does not change the original string",[31,124717,124718],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[16,124720,276],{},[49,124722,124724],{"className":51,"code":124723,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[20,124725,124726,124738,124742,124764],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124727,124728,124730,124732,124734,124736],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124729,32847],{"class":286},[58,124731,290],{"class":77},[58,124733,1450],{"class":939},[58,124735,58579],{"class":943},[58,124737,1456],{"class":939},[58,124739,124740],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124741,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,124743,124744,124746,124748,124750,124752,124754,124756,124758,124760,124762],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,124745,65],{"class":64},[58,124747,69],{"class":68},[58,124749,32868],{"class":239},[58,124751,499],{"class":68},[58,124753,124635],{"class":239},[58,124755,69],{"class":68},[58,124757,940],{"class":939},[58,124759,58764],{"class":943},[58,124761,940],{"class":939},[58,124763,85],{"class":68},[58,124765,124766,124768,124770,124772,124774,124776,124778,124780,124782,124784],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,124767,65],{"class":64},[58,124769,69],{"class":68},[58,124771,32868],{"class":239},[58,124773,499],{"class":68},[58,124775,124635],{"class":239},[58,124777,69],{"class":68},[58,124779,940],{"class":939},[58,124781,1959],{"class":943},[58,124783,940],{"class":939},[58,124785,85],{"class":68},[16,124787,132],{},[49,124789,124790],{"className":51,"code":42341,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,124791,124792,124796],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124793,124794],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124795,2096],{"class":1966},[58,124797,124798],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124799,2157],{"class":1966},[16,124801,124802,124803,499],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[374,124804,123284],{"href":49145},[44,124806,222],{"id":221},[49,124808,124810],{"className":51,"code":124809,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[20,124811,124812],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124813,124814,124816,124818,124820,124822,124825,124827,124829,124831,124833],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124815,59347],{"class":286},[58,124817,499],{"class":68},[58,124819,124635],{"class":239},[58,124821,69],{"class":68},[58,124823,124824],{"class":239},"suffix",[58,124826,1082],{"class":68},[58,124828,34213],{"class":239},[58,124830,1082],{"class":68},[58,124832,63214],{"class":239},[58,124834,243],{"class":68},[28,124836,124837,124842,124849],{},[31,124838,124839,124841],{},[20,124840,124824],{}," is required",[31,124843,124844,2512,124846,124848],{},[20,124845,34234],{},[20,124847,50831],{}," are optional",[31,124850,124851,2512,124853,124855],{},[20,124852,34234],{},[20,124854,50831],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[16,124857,124858],{},"Basic example:",[49,124860,124862],{"className":51,"code":124861,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[20,124863,124864,124876],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124865,124866,124868,124870,124872,124874],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124867,124612],{"class":286},[58,124869,290],{"class":77},[58,124871,1450],{"class":939},[58,124873,85069],{"class":943},[58,124875,1456],{"class":939},[58,124877,124878,124880,124882,124884,124886,124888,124890,124892,124894,124896],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124879,65],{"class":64},[58,124881,69],{"class":68},[58,124883,124630],{"class":239},[58,124885,499],{"class":68},[58,124887,124635],{"class":239},[58,124889,69],{"class":68},[58,124891,940],{"class":939},[58,124893,124665],{"class":943},[58,124895,940],{"class":939},[58,124897,85],{"class":68},[16,124899,132],{},[49,124901,124902],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,124903,124904],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124905,124906],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124907,2096],{"class":1966},[44,124909,124911],{"id":124910},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[617,124913,124914],{"id":124824},[20,124915,124824],{},[16,124917,124918,28907],{},[20,124919,124824],{},[28,124921,124922,124925],{},[31,124923,124924],{},"A single string",[31,124926,124927],{},"A tuple of strings",[16,124929,124930],{},"Single suffix:",[49,124932,124934],{"className":51,"code":124933,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[20,124935,124936,124949],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124937,124938,124940,124942,124944,124947],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124939,6009],{"class":286},[58,124941,290],{"class":77},[58,124943,1450],{"class":939},[58,124945,124946],{"class":943},"image.png",[58,124948,1456],{"class":939},[58,124950,124951,124953,124955,124957,124959,124961,124963,124965,124968,124970],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,124952,65],{"class":64},[58,124954,69],{"class":68},[58,124956,5799],{"class":239},[58,124958,499],{"class":68},[58,124960,124635],{"class":239},[58,124962,69],{"class":68},[58,124964,940],{"class":939},[58,124966,124967],{"class":943},".png",[58,124969,940],{"class":939},[58,124971,85],{"class":68},[16,124973,132],{},[49,124975,124976],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,124977,124978],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124979,124980],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124981,2096],{"class":1966},[16,124983,124984],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[49,124986,124988],{"className":51,"code":124987,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[20,124989,124990,125002],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,124991,124992,124994,124996,124998,125000],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,124993,6009],{"class":286},[58,124995,290],{"class":77},[58,124997,1450],{"class":939},[58,124999,124946],{"class":943},[58,125001,1456],{"class":939},[58,125003,125004,125006,125008,125010,125012,125014,125016,125018,125021,125023,125025,125027,125029,125031,125033,125035,125038,125040],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125005,65],{"class":64},[58,125007,69],{"class":68},[58,125009,5799],{"class":239},[58,125011,499],{"class":68},[58,125013,124635],{"class":239},[58,125015,3636],{"class":68},[58,125017,940],{"class":939},[58,125019,125020],{"class":943},".jpg",[58,125022,940],{"class":939},[58,125024,1082],{"class":68},[58,125026,1450],{"class":939},[58,125028,124967],{"class":943},[58,125030,940],{"class":939},[58,125032,1082],{"class":68},[58,125034,1450],{"class":939},[58,125036,125037],{"class":943},".gif",[58,125039,940],{"class":939},[58,125041,1002],{"class":68},[16,125043,132],{},[49,125045,125046],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125047,125048],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125049,125050],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125051,2096],{"class":1966},[617,125053,125054],{"id":34234},[20,125055,34234],{},[16,125057,125058,125060],{},[20,125059,34234],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[49,125062,125064],{"className":51,"code":125063,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[20,125065,125066,125079],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125067,125068,125070,125072,125074,125077],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125069,32847],{"class":286},[58,125071,290],{"class":77},[58,125073,1450],{"class":939},[58,125075,125076],{"class":943},"my_report.csv",[58,125078,1456],{"class":939},[58,125080,125081,125083,125085,125087,125089,125091,125093,125095,125097,125099,125101,125103],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125082,65],{"class":64},[58,125084,69],{"class":68},[58,125086,32868],{"class":239},[58,125088,499],{"class":68},[58,125090,124635],{"class":239},[58,125092,69],{"class":68},[58,125094,940],{"class":939},[58,125096,124642],{"class":943},[58,125098,940],{"class":939},[58,125100,1082],{"class":68},[58,125102,531],{"class":81},[58,125104,85],{"class":68},[16,125106,132],{},[49,125108,125109],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125110,125111],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125112,125113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125114,2096],{"class":1966},[16,125116,125117,125118,125120,125121,499],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[20,125119,123],{}," onward, which is ",[20,125122,125123],{},"\"report.csv\"",[617,125125,125126],{"id":50831},[20,125127,50831],{},[16,125129,125130,125132],{},[20,125131,50831],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[49,125134,125136],{"className":51,"code":125135,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[20,125137,125138,125151],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125139,125140,125142,125144,125146,125149],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125141,32847],{"class":286},[58,125143,290],{"class":77},[58,125145,1450],{"class":939},[58,125147,125148],{"class":943},"report.csv backup",[58,125150,1456],{"class":939},[58,125152,125153,125155,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165,125167,125169,125171,125173,125175,125177,125179],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125154,65],{"class":64},[58,125156,69],{"class":68},[58,125158,32868],{"class":239},[58,125160,499],{"class":68},[58,125162,124635],{"class":239},[58,125164,69],{"class":68},[58,125166,940],{"class":939},[58,125168,124642],{"class":943},[58,125170,940],{"class":939},[58,125172,1082],{"class":68},[58,125174,1947],{"class":81},[58,125176,1082],{"class":68},[58,125178,4131],{"class":81},[58,125180,85],{"class":68},[16,125182,132],{},[49,125184,125185],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125186,125187],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125188,125189],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125190,2096],{"class":1966},[16,125192,125193,125194,125196],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[20,125195,125123],{}," and ignores the rest.",[44,125198,15569],{"id":15568},[16,125200,125201,23663],{},[20,125202,124587],{},[28,125204,125205,125210],{},[31,125206,125207,125209],{},[20,125208,1710],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[31,125211,125212,125214],{},[20,125213,1784],{}," if it does not",[16,125216,125217,125218,5302],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[20,125219,5127],{},[49,125221,125223],{"className":51,"code":125222,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[20,125224,125225,125238,125242,125263,125278,125284],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125226,125227,125229,125231,125233,125236],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125228,124612],{"class":286},[58,125230,290],{"class":77},[58,125232,1450],{"class":939},[58,125234,125235],{"class":943},"data.csv",[58,125237,1456],{"class":939},[58,125239,125240],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125241,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,125243,125244,125246,125249,125251,125253,125255,125257,125259,125261],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,125245,5127],{"class":1991},[58,125247,125248],{"class":286}," filename",[58,125250,499],{"class":68},[58,125252,124635],{"class":239},[58,125254,69],{"class":68},[58,125256,940],{"class":939},[58,125258,124642],{"class":943},[58,125260,940],{"class":939},[58,125262,6476],{"class":68},[58,125264,125265,125267,125269,125271,125274,125276],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,125266,6202],{"class":64},[58,125268,69],{"class":68},[58,125270,940],{"class":939},[58,125272,125273],{"class":943},"This is a CSV file.",[58,125275,940],{"class":939},[58,125277,243],{"class":68},[58,125279,125280,125282],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,125281,25589],{"class":1991},[58,125283,4521],{"class":68},[58,125285,125286,125288,125290,125292,125295,125297],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,125287,6202],{"class":64},[58,125289,69],{"class":68},[58,125291,940],{"class":939},[58,125293,125294],{"class":943},"This is not a CSV file.",[58,125296,940],{"class":939},[58,125298,243],{"class":68},[16,125300,132],{},[49,125302,125304],{"className":51,"code":125303,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"This is a CSV file.\n",[20,125305,125306],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125307,125308,125310,125312,125314,125317,125319],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125309,48048],{"class":286},[58,125311,10338],{"class":77},[58,125313,42712],{"class":286},[58,125315,125316],{"class":32612},"CSV",[58,125318,84810],{"class":84809},[58,125320,120561],{"class":68},[44,125322,125324],{"id":125323},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[617,125326,125328],{"id":125327},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[49,125330,125332],{"className":51,"code":125331,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[20,125333,125334,125347],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125335,125336,125338,125340,125342,125345],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125337,124612],{"class":286},[58,125339,290],{"class":77},[58,125341,1450],{"class":939},[58,125343,125344],{"class":943},"sales.csv",[58,125346,1456],{"class":939},[58,125348,125349,125351,125353,125355,125357,125359,125361,125363,125365,125367],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125350,65],{"class":64},[58,125352,69],{"class":68},[58,125354,124630],{"class":239},[58,125356,499],{"class":68},[58,125358,124635],{"class":239},[58,125360,69],{"class":68},[58,125362,940],{"class":939},[58,125364,124642],{"class":943},[58,125366,940],{"class":939},[58,125368,85],{"class":68},[16,125370,132],{},[49,125372,125373],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125374,125375],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125376,125377],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125378,2096],{"class":1966},[617,125380,125382],{"id":125381},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[49,125384,125386],{"className":51,"code":125385,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[20,125387,125388,125402],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125389,125390,125393,125395,125397,125400],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125391,125392],{"class":286},"url ",[58,125394,290],{"class":77},[58,125396,1450],{"class":939},[58,125398,125399],{"class":943},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[58,125401,1456],{"class":939},[58,125403,125404,125406,125408,125411,125413,125415,125417,125419,125422,125424],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125405,65],{"class":64},[58,125407,69],{"class":68},[58,125409,125410],{"class":239},"url",[58,125412,499],{"class":68},[58,125414,124635],{"class":239},[58,125416,69],{"class":68},[58,125418,940],{"class":939},[58,125420,125421],{"class":943},"\u002F",[58,125423,940],{"class":939},[58,125425,85],{"class":68},[16,125427,132],{},[49,125429,125430],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125431,125432],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125433,125434],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125435,2096],{"class":1966},[617,125437,125439],{"id":125438},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[49,125441,125443],{"className":51,"code":125442,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[20,125444,125445,125458],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125446,125447,125449,125451,125453,125456],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125448,88181],{"class":286},[58,125450,290],{"class":77},[58,125452,1450],{"class":939},[58,125454,125455],{"class":943},"Hello!",[58,125457,1456],{"class":939},[58,125459,125460,125462,125464,125466,125468,125470,125472,125474,125476,125478],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125461,65],{"class":64},[58,125463,69],{"class":68},[58,125465,88198],{"class":239},[58,125467,499],{"class":68},[58,125469,124635],{"class":239},[58,125471,69],{"class":68},[58,125473,940],{"class":939},[58,125475,88022],{"class":943},[58,125477,940],{"class":939},[58,125479,85],{"class":68},[16,125481,132],{},[49,125483,125484],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125485,125486],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125487,125488],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125489,2096],{"class":1966},[617,125491,125493],{"id":125492},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[49,125495,125497],{"className":51,"code":125496,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[20,125498,125499,125512],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125500,125501,125503,125505,125507,125510],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125502,124612],{"class":286},[58,125504,290],{"class":77},[58,125506,1450],{"class":939},[58,125508,125509],{"class":943},"photo.jpg",[58,125511,1456],{"class":939},[58,125513,125514,125516,125518,125520,125522,125524,125526,125528,125530,125532,125534,125536,125538,125540,125542,125544,125546,125548],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125515,65],{"class":64},[58,125517,69],{"class":68},[58,125519,124630],{"class":239},[58,125521,499],{"class":68},[58,125523,124635],{"class":239},[58,125525,3636],{"class":68},[58,125527,940],{"class":939},[58,125529,125020],{"class":943},[58,125531,940],{"class":939},[58,125533,1082],{"class":68},[58,125535,1450],{"class":939},[58,125537,124967],{"class":943},[58,125539,940],{"class":939},[58,125541,1082],{"class":68},[58,125543,1450],{"class":939},[58,125545,125037],{"class":943},[58,125547,940],{"class":939},[58,125549,1002],{"class":68},[16,125551,132],{},[49,125553,125554],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125555,125556],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125557,125558],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125559,2096],{"class":1966},[16,125561,125562,125563,499],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[374,125564,125565],{"href":121784},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[44,125567,122176],{"id":122175},[16,125569,125570,121987],{},[20,125571,124587],{},[16,125573,125574,125575,2512,125578,125581],{},"That means ",[20,125576,125577],{},"\".CSV\"",[20,125579,125580],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[49,125583,125585],{"className":51,"code":125584,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[20,125586,125587,125600,125604,125626],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125588,125589,125591,125593,125595,125598],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125590,124612],{"class":286},[58,125592,290],{"class":77},[58,125594,1450],{"class":939},[58,125596,125597],{"class":943},"REPORT.CSV",[58,125599,1456],{"class":939},[58,125601,125602],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125603,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,125605,125606,125608,125610,125612,125614,125616,125618,125620,125622,125624],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,125607,65],{"class":64},[58,125609,69],{"class":68},[58,125611,124630],{"class":239},[58,125613,499],{"class":68},[58,125615,124635],{"class":239},[58,125617,69],{"class":68},[58,125619,940],{"class":939},[58,125621,124642],{"class":943},[58,125623,940],{"class":939},[58,125625,85],{"class":68},[58,125627,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640,125642,125645,125647],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,125629,65],{"class":64},[58,125631,69],{"class":68},[58,125633,124630],{"class":239},[58,125635,499],{"class":68},[58,125637,124635],{"class":239},[58,125639,69],{"class":68},[58,125641,940],{"class":939},[58,125643,125644],{"class":943},".CSV",[58,125646,940],{"class":939},[58,125648,85],{"class":68},[16,125650,132],{},[49,125652,125654],{"className":51,"code":125653,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"False\nTrue\n",[20,125655,125656,125660],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125657,125658],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125659,2157],{"class":1966},[58,125661,125662],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125663,2096],{"class":1966},[16,125665,125666,125667,499],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[374,125668,125669],{"href":122256},[20,125670,122259],{},[49,125672,125674],{"className":51,"code":125673,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[20,125675,125676,125688],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125677,125678,125680,125682,125684,125686],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125679,124612],{"class":286},[58,125681,290],{"class":77},[58,125683,1450],{"class":939},[58,125685,125597],{"class":943},[58,125687,1456],{"class":939},[58,125689,125690,125692,125694,125696,125698,125700,125702,125704,125706,125708,125710,125712],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125691,65],{"class":64},[58,125693,69],{"class":68},[58,125695,124630],{"class":239},[58,125697,499],{"class":68},[58,125699,6776],{"class":239},[58,125701,6773],{"class":68},[58,125703,124635],{"class":239},[58,125705,69],{"class":68},[58,125707,940],{"class":939},[58,125709,124642],{"class":943},[58,125711,940],{"class":939},[58,125713,85],{"class":68},[16,125715,132],{},[49,125717,125718],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125719,125720],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125721,125722],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125723,2096],{"class":1966},[44,125725,125727],{"id":125726},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[16,125729,125730],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[49,125732,125734],{"className":51,"code":125733,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[20,125735,125736,125749],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125737,125738,125740,125742,125744,125747],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125739,124612],{"class":286},[58,125741,290],{"class":77},[58,125743,1450],{"class":939},[58,125745,125746],{"class":943},"picture.gif",[58,125748,1456],{"class":939},[58,125750,125751,125753,125755,125757,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769,125771,125773,125775,125777,125779,125781,125783,125785],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125752,65],{"class":64},[58,125754,69],{"class":68},[58,125756,124630],{"class":239},[58,125758,499],{"class":68},[58,125760,124635],{"class":239},[58,125762,3636],{"class":68},[58,125764,940],{"class":939},[58,125766,125020],{"class":943},[58,125768,940],{"class":939},[58,125770,1082],{"class":68},[58,125772,1450],{"class":939},[58,125774,124967],{"class":943},[58,125776,940],{"class":939},[58,125778,1082],{"class":68},[58,125780,1450],{"class":939},[58,125782,125037],{"class":943},[58,125784,940],{"class":939},[58,125786,1002],{"class":68},[16,125788,132],{},[49,125790,125791],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125792,125793],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125794,125795],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125796,2096],{"class":1966},[16,125798,125799],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[16,125801,50250],{},[49,125803,125805],{"className":51,"code":125804,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[20,125806,125807,125820,125855,125859],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125808,125809,125812,125814,125816,125818],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125810,125811],{"class":286},"document ",[58,125813,290],{"class":77},[58,125815,1450],{"class":939},[58,125817,85069],{"class":943},[58,125819,1456],{"class":939},[58,125821,125822,125825,125827,125829,125831,125833,125835,125837,125839,125842,125844,125846,125848,125851,125853],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125823,125824],{"class":286},"allowed ",[58,125826,290],{"class":77},[58,125828,7374],{"class":68},[58,125830,940],{"class":939},[58,125832,124665],{"class":943},[58,125834,940],{"class":939},[58,125836,1082],{"class":68},[58,125838,1450],{"class":939},[58,125840,125841],{"class":943},".md",[58,125843,940],{"class":939},[58,125845,1082],{"class":68},[58,125847,1450],{"class":939},[58,125849,125850],{"class":943},".docx",[58,125852,940],{"class":939},[58,125854,243],{"class":68},[58,125856,125857],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,125858,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,125860,125861,125863,125865,125868,125870,125872,125874,125877],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,125862,65],{"class":64},[58,125864,69],{"class":68},[58,125866,125867],{"class":239},"document",[58,125869,499],{"class":68},[58,125871,124635],{"class":239},[58,125873,69],{"class":68},[58,125875,125876],{"class":239},"allowed",[58,125878,85],{"class":68},[16,125880,132],{},[49,125882,125883],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,125884,125885],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125886,125887],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125888,2096],{"class":1966},[16,125890,125891,125892,499],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[374,125893,124529,125895,8881],{"href":125894},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[20,125896,125897],{},"startswith()",[44,125899,914],{"id":913},[16,125901,6582,125902,499],{},[20,125903,124587],{},[617,125905,125907],{"id":125906},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[16,125909,2645],{},[49,125911,125913],{"className":51,"code":125912,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,125914,125915,125927],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125916,125917,125919,125921,125923,125925],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125918,124612],{"class":286},[58,125920,290],{"class":77},[58,125922,1450],{"class":939},[58,125924,125509],{"class":943},[58,125926,1456],{"class":939},[58,125928,125929],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125930,125931],{"class":1773},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[16,125933,125934],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[49,125936,125938],{"className":51,"code":125937,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[20,125939,125940,125952],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125941,125942,125944,125946,125948,125950],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125943,124612],{"class":286},[58,125945,290],{"class":77},[58,125947,1450],{"class":939},[58,125949,125509],{"class":943},[58,125951,1456],{"class":939},[58,125953,125954,125956,125958,125960,125962,125964,125966,125968,125970,125972,125974,125976,125978,125980],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,125955,65],{"class":64},[58,125957,69],{"class":68},[58,125959,124630],{"class":239},[58,125961,499],{"class":68},[58,125963,124635],{"class":239},[58,125965,3636],{"class":68},[58,125967,940],{"class":939},[58,125969,125020],{"class":943},[58,125971,940],{"class":939},[58,125973,1082],{"class":68},[58,125975,1450],{"class":939},[58,125977,124967],{"class":943},[58,125979,940],{"class":939},[58,125981,1002],{"class":68},[617,125983,125985],{"id":125984},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[49,125987,125989],{"className":51,"code":125988,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[20,125990,125991,126003],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,125992,125993,125995,125997,125999,126001],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,125994,124612],{"class":286},[58,125996,290],{"class":77},[58,125998,1450],{"class":939},[58,126000,125597],{"class":943},[58,126002,1456],{"class":939},[58,126004,126005,126007,126009,126011,126013,126015,126017,126019,126021,126023],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126006,65],{"class":64},[58,126008,69],{"class":68},[58,126010,124630],{"class":239},[58,126012,499],{"class":68},[58,126014,124635],{"class":239},[58,126016,69],{"class":68},[58,126018,940],{"class":939},[58,126020,124642],{"class":943},[58,126022,940],{"class":939},[58,126024,85],{"class":68},[16,126026,132],{},[49,126028,126029],{"className":51,"code":2157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,126030,126031],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126032,126033],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126034,2157],{"class":1966},[16,126036,37426],{},[49,126038,126039],{"className":51,"code":125673,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,126040,126041,126053],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126042,126043,126045,126047,126049,126051],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126044,124612],{"class":286},[58,126046,290],{"class":77},[58,126048,1450],{"class":939},[58,126050,125597],{"class":943},[58,126052,1456],{"class":939},[58,126054,126055,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067,126069,126071,126073,126075,126077],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126056,65],{"class":64},[58,126058,69],{"class":68},[58,126060,124630],{"class":239},[58,126062,499],{"class":68},[58,126064,6776],{"class":239},[58,126066,6773],{"class":68},[58,126068,124635],{"class":239},[58,126070,69],{"class":68},[58,126072,940],{"class":939},[58,126074,124642],{"class":943},[58,126076,940],{"class":939},[58,126078,85],{"class":68},[617,126080,35367,126082,6841,126084],{"id":126081},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[20,126083,124587],{},[20,126085,1998],{},[16,126087,126088,126090],{},[20,126089,124587],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[49,126092,126094],{"className":51,"code":126093,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[20,126095,126096,126109,126113,126135],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126097,126098,126100,126102,126104,126107],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126099,32847],{"class":286},[58,126101,290],{"class":77},[58,126103,1450],{"class":939},[58,126105,126106],{"class":943},"my_report.csv.backup",[58,126108,1456],{"class":939},[58,126110,126111],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126112,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,126114,126115,126117,126119,126121,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126133],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,126116,65],{"class":64},[58,126118,69],{"class":68},[58,126120,32868],{"class":239},[58,126122,499],{"class":68},[58,126124,124635],{"class":239},[58,126126,69],{"class":68},[58,126128,940],{"class":939},[58,126130,124642],{"class":943},[58,126132,940],{"class":939},[58,126134,85],{"class":68},[58,126136,126137,126139,126141,126143,126145,126147,126149,126151],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,126138,65],{"class":64},[58,126140,69],{"class":68},[58,126142,940],{"class":939},[58,126144,124642],{"class":943},[58,126146,940],{"class":939},[58,126148,19326],{"class":1991},[58,126150,41008],{"class":239},[58,126152,243],{"class":68},[16,126154,132],{},[49,126156,126157],{"className":51,"code":125653,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,126158,126159,126163],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126160,126161],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126162,2157],{"class":1966},[58,126164,126165],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126166,2096],{"class":1966},[617,126168,6588,126170,126172],{"id":126169},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[20,126171,124587],{}," to remove the suffix",[16,126174,126175,126177],{},[20,126176,124587],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[49,126179,126181],{"className":51,"code":126180,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[20,126182,126183,126195,126217],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126184,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126186,124612],{"class":286},[58,126188,290],{"class":77},[58,126190,1450],{"class":939},[58,126192,124619],{"class":943},[58,126194,1456],{"class":939},[58,126196,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211,126213,126215],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126198,65],{"class":64},[58,126200,69],{"class":68},[58,126202,124630],{"class":239},[58,126204,499],{"class":68},[58,126206,124635],{"class":239},[58,126208,69],{"class":68},[58,126210,940],{"class":939},[58,126212,124642],{"class":943},[58,126214,940],{"class":939},[58,126216,85],{"class":68},[58,126218,126219,126221,126223,126225],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,126220,65],{"class":64},[58,126222,69],{"class":68},[58,126224,124630],{"class":239},[58,126226,243],{"class":68},[16,126228,132],{},[49,126230,126232],{"className":51,"code":126231,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nreport.csv\n",[20,126233,126234,126238],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126235,126236],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126237,2096],{"class":1966},[58,126239,126240,126243,126245],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126241,126242],{"class":286},"report",[58,126244,499],{"class":68},[58,126246,126247],{"class":22904},"csv\n",[16,126249,126250,126251,499],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[374,126252,126253],{"href":122697},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[16,126255,64237],{},[28,126257,126258,126261,126264,126267],{},[31,126259,126260],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[31,126262,126263],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[31,126265,126266],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[31,126268,6552,126269,42797,126271,966,126273,109726],{},[20,126270,124587],{},[20,126272,122700],{},[20,126274,39819],{},[16,126276,28292],{},[49,126278,126280],{"className":51,"code":126279,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[20,126281,126282,126292,126306,126328,126354],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126283,126284,126286,126288,126290],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126285,65],{"class":64},[58,126287,69],{"class":68},[58,126289,32868],{"class":239},[58,126291,243],{"class":68},[58,126293,126294,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126295,65],{"class":64},[58,126297,69],{"class":68},[58,126299,39945],{"class":64},[58,126301,69],{"class":68},[58,126303,32868],{"class":239},[58,126305,85],{"class":68},[58,126307,126308,126310,126312,126314,126316,126318,126320,126322,126324,126326],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,126309,65],{"class":64},[58,126311,69],{"class":68},[58,126313,32868],{"class":239},[58,126315,499],{"class":68},[58,126317,124635],{"class":239},[58,126319,69],{"class":68},[58,126321,1396],{"class":939},[58,126323,124642],{"class":943},[58,126325,1396],{"class":939},[58,126327,85],{"class":68},[58,126329,126330,126332,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,126331,65],{"class":64},[58,126333,69],{"class":68},[58,126335,32868],{"class":239},[58,126337,499],{"class":68},[58,126339,6776],{"class":239},[58,126341,6773],{"class":68},[58,126343,124635],{"class":239},[58,126345,69],{"class":68},[58,126347,1396],{"class":939},[58,126349,124642],{"class":943},[58,126351,1396],{"class":939},[58,126353,85],{"class":68},[58,126355,126356,126358,126360,126362,126364,126366],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,126357,65],{"class":64},[58,126359,69],{"class":68},[58,126361,1316],{"class":991},[58,126363,69],{"class":68},[58,126365,32868],{"class":239},[58,126367,85],{"class":68},[44,126369,1555],{"id":1554},[617,126371,10849,126373,126375],{"id":126372},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[20,126374,124587],{}," change the string?",[16,126377,126378,126379,966,126381,499],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[20,126380,1710],{},[20,126382,1784],{},[617,126384,3293,126386,126388],{"id":126385},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[20,126387,124587],{}," check more than one ending?",[16,126390,126391,126392,499],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[20,126393,126394],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[617,126396,13051,126398,122865],{"id":126397},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[20,126399,124587],{},[16,126401,126402,126403,966,126405,126408],{},"Yes. Use ",[20,126404,122259],{},[20,126406,126407],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[617,126410,3303,126412,2512,126414,573],{"id":126411},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[20,126413,124587],{},[20,126415,122524],{},[16,126417,126418,126420,126421,126423],{},[20,126419,124587],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[20,126422,122524],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[44,126425,1603],{"id":1602},[28,126427,126428,126434,126440,126444,126448],{},[31,126429,126430],{},[374,126431,124529,126432,8881],{"href":125894},[20,126433,125897],{},[31,126435,126436],{},[374,126437,124529,126438,8881],{"href":122256},[20,126439,122259],{},[31,126441,126442],{},[374,126443,122928],{"href":121784},[31,126445,126446],{},[374,126447,122935],{"href":122697},[31,126449,126450],{},[374,126451,123284],{"href":49145},[1635,126453,126454],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":126456},[126457,126458,126460,126461,126466,126467,126473,126474,126475,126483,126493],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":124695,"depth":88,"text":126459},"What endswith() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":124910,"depth":88,"text":124911,"children":126462},[126463,126464,126465],{"id":124824,"depth":104,"text":124824},{"id":34234,"depth":104,"text":34234},{"id":50831,"depth":104,"text":50831},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":125323,"depth":88,"text":125324,"children":126468},[126469,126470,126471,126472],{"id":125327,"depth":104,"text":125328},{"id":125381,"depth":104,"text":125382},{"id":125438,"depth":104,"text":125439},{"id":125492,"depth":104,"text":125493},{"id":122175,"depth":88,"text":122176},{"id":125726,"depth":88,"text":125727},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":126476},[126477,126478,126479,126481],{"id":125906,"depth":104,"text":125907},{"id":125984,"depth":104,"text":125985},{"id":126081,"depth":104,"text":126480},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":126169,"depth":104,"text":126482},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":126484},[126485,126487,126489,126491],{"id":126372,"depth":104,"text":126486},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":126385,"depth":104,"text":126488},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":126397,"depth":104,"text":126490},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":126411,"depth":104,"text":126492},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":124579,"description":126494},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":126501,"title":126502,"body":126503,"description":128171,"extension":1667,"meta":128172,"navigation":318,"path":128173,"seo":128174,"stem":128175,"__hash__":128176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":9,"value":126504,"toc":128144},[126505,126510,126515,126520,126525,126618,126628,126633,126638,126653,126655,126737,126745,126747,126749,126776,126778,126794,126801,126803,126911,126913,126918,126934,126936,127031,127039,127042,127048,127053,127058,127065,127204,127207,127220,127222,127226,127233,127303,127306,127355,127362,127369,127383,127388,127393,127439,127485,127501,127503,127508,127522,127525,127647,127652,127654,127659,127692,127695,127771,127773,127782,127796,127799,127883,127886,127997,128000,128028,128030,128037,128041,128047,128050,128056,128059,128066,128077,128083,128090,128092,128141],[12,126506,121529,126508,9464],{"id":126507},"python-string-find-method",[20,126509,122524],{},[16,126511,121534,126512,126514],{},[20,126513,122524],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[16,126516,126517,126518,499],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[20,126519,64028],{},[16,126521,155,126522,126524],{},[20,126523,122524],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[49,126526,126528],{"className":51,"code":126527,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[20,126529,126530,126542,126565,126578,126582,126605],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126531,126532,126534,126536,126538,126540],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126533,32847],{"class":286},[58,126535,290],{"class":77},[58,126537,1450],{"class":939},[58,126539,58579],{"class":943},[58,126541,1456],{"class":939},[58,126543,126544,126546,126548,126550,126552,126555,126557,126559,126561,126563],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126545,63093],{"class":286},[58,126547,290],{"class":77},[58,126549,41008],{"class":286},[58,126551,499],{"class":68},[58,126553,126554],{"class":239},"find",[58,126556,69],{"class":68},[58,126558,940],{"class":939},[58,126560,58764],{"class":943},[58,126562,940],{"class":939},[58,126564,243],{"class":68},[58,126566,126567,126569,126571,126573,126575],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,126568,65],{"class":64},[58,126570,69],{"class":68},[58,126572,63120],{"class":239},[58,126574,1770],{"class":68},[58,126576,126577],{"class":1773},"   # 6\n",[58,126579,126580],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,126581,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,126583,126584,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,126585,126586],{"class":286},"missing ",[58,126588,290],{"class":77},[58,126590,41008],{"class":286},[58,126592,499],{"class":68},[58,126594,126554],{"class":239},[58,126596,69],{"class":68},[58,126598,940],{"class":939},[58,126600,53],{"class":943},[58,126602,940],{"class":939},[58,126604,243],{"class":68},[58,126606,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,126608,65],{"class":64},[58,126610,69],{"class":68},[58,126612,24928],{"class":239},[58,126614,1770],{"class":68},[58,126616,126617],{"class":1773},"    # -1\n",[41747,126619,126620],{},[16,126621,155,126622,126624,126625,126627],{},[20,126623,122524],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[20,126626,64028],{}," if the substring is not found.",[44,126629,1788,126631,1791],{"id":126630},"what-find-does",[20,126632,122524],{},[16,126634,126635,126637],{},[20,126636,122524],{}," is a string method that:",[28,126639,126640,126643,126646,126651],{},[31,126641,126642],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[31,126644,126645],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[31,126647,9566,126648,126650],{},[20,126649,64028],{}," if no match is found",[31,126652,124715],{},[16,126654,276],{},[49,126656,126658],{"className":51,"code":126657,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[20,126659,126660,126672,126676,126700,126724],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126661,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126663,32847],{"class":286},[58,126665,290],{"class":77},[58,126667,1450],{"class":939},[58,126669,2205],{"class":943},[58,126671,1456],{"class":939},[58,126673,126674],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126675,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,126677,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,126679,65],{"class":64},[58,126681,69],{"class":68},[58,126683,32868],{"class":239},[58,126685,499],{"class":68},[58,126687,126554],{"class":239},[58,126689,69],{"class":68},[58,126691,940],{"class":939},[58,126693,121622],{"class":943},[58,126695,940],{"class":939},[58,126697,3486],{"class":68},[58,126699,55817],{"class":1773},[58,126701,126702,126704,126706,126708,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,126703,65],{"class":64},[58,126705,69],{"class":68},[58,126707,32868],{"class":239},[58,126709,499],{"class":68},[58,126711,126554],{"class":239},[58,126713,69],{"class":68},[58,126715,940],{"class":939},[58,126717,240],{"class":943},[58,126719,940],{"class":939},[58,126721,3486],{"class":68},[58,126723,126617],{"class":1773},[58,126725,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,126727,65],{"class":64},[58,126729,69],{"class":68},[58,126731,32868],{"class":239},[58,126733,1770],{"class":68},[58,126735,126736],{"class":1773},"              # banana\n",[16,126738,18923,126739,126742,126743,499],{},[20,126740,126741],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[20,126744,117],{},[44,126746,222],{"id":221},[16,126748,225],{},[49,126750,126752],{"className":51,"code":126751,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[20,126753,126754],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126755,126756,126758,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126757,59347],{"class":286},[58,126759,499],{"class":68},[58,126761,126554],{"class":239},[58,126763,69],{"class":68},[58,126765,553],{"class":239},[58,126767,1082],{"class":68},[58,126769,34213],{"class":239},[58,126771,1082],{"class":68},[58,126773,63214],{"class":239},[58,126775,243],{"class":68},[617,126777,15545],{"id":15544},[28,126779,126780,126784,126789],{},[31,126781,126782,121721],{},[20,126783,553],{},[31,126785,126786,126788],{},[20,126787,34234],{},": optional starting position",[31,126790,126791,126793],{},[20,126792,50831],{},": optional ending position",[16,126795,126796,2512,126798,126800],{},[20,126797,34234],{},[20,126799,50831],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[16,126802,124858],{},[49,126804,126806],{"className":51,"code":126805,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[20,126807,126808,126820,126824,126849,126878],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126809,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126811,32847],{"class":286},[58,126813,290],{"class":77},[58,126815,1450],{"class":939},[58,126817,58579],{"class":943},[58,126819,1456],{"class":939},[58,126821,126822],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126823,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,126825,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,126827,65],{"class":64},[58,126829,69],{"class":68},[58,126831,32868],{"class":239},[58,126833,499],{"class":68},[58,126835,126554],{"class":239},[58,126837,69],{"class":68},[58,126839,940],{"class":939},[58,126841,58646],{"class":943},[58,126843,940],{"class":939},[58,126845,3486],{"class":68},[58,126847,126848],{"class":1773},"        # 4\n",[58,126850,126851,126853,126855,126857,126859,126861,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,126852,65],{"class":64},[58,126854,69],{"class":68},[58,126856,32868],{"class":239},[58,126858,499],{"class":68},[58,126860,126554],{"class":239},[58,126862,69],{"class":68},[58,126864,940],{"class":939},[58,126866,58646],{"class":943},[58,126868,940],{"class":939},[58,126870,1082],{"class":68},[58,126872,2725],{"class":81},[58,126874,3486],{"class":68},[58,126876,126877],{"class":1773},"     # 7\n",[58,126879,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126892,126894,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,126881,65],{"class":64},[58,126883,69],{"class":68},[58,126885,32868],{"class":239},[58,126887,499],{"class":68},[58,126889,126554],{"class":239},[58,126891,69],{"class":68},[58,126893,940],{"class":939},[58,126895,58646],{"class":943},[58,126897,940],{"class":939},[58,126899,1082],{"class":68},[58,126901,2725],{"class":81},[58,126903,1082],{"class":68},[58,126905,4120],{"class":81},[58,126907,3486],{"class":68},[58,126909,126910],{"class":1773},"  # -1\n",[44,126912,36184],{"id":36183},[16,126914,55716,126915,126917],{},[20,126916,122524],{}," is always an integer.",[28,126919,126920,126926,126929],{},[31,126921,126922,126923,126925],{},"A number ",[20,126924,183],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[31,126927,126928],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[31,126930,126931,126933],{},[20,126932,64028],{}," means the substring was not found",[16,126935,276],{},[49,126937,126939],{"className":51,"code":126938,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[20,126940,126941,126953,126957,126982,127007],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,126942,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,126944,32847],{"class":286},[58,126946,290],{"class":77},[58,126948,1450],{"class":939},[58,126950,53],{"class":943},[58,126952,1456],{"class":939},[58,126954,126955],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,126956,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,126958,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126976,126978,126980],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,126960,65],{"class":64},[58,126962,69],{"class":68},[58,126964,32868],{"class":239},[58,126966,499],{"class":68},[58,126968,126554],{"class":239},[58,126970,69],{"class":68},[58,126972,940],{"class":939},[58,126974,126975],{"class":943},"py",[58,126977,940],{"class":939},[58,126979,3486],{"class":68},[58,126981,18920],{"class":1773},[58,126983,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127001,127003,127005],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,126985,65],{"class":64},[58,126987,69],{"class":68},[58,126989,32868],{"class":239},[58,126991,499],{"class":68},[58,126993,126554],{"class":239},[58,126995,69],{"class":68},[58,126997,940],{"class":939},[58,126999,127000],{"class":943},"th",[58,127002,940],{"class":939},[58,127004,3486],{"class":68},[58,127006,55817],{"class":1773},[58,127008,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,127010,65],{"class":64},[58,127012,69],{"class":68},[58,127014,32868],{"class":239},[58,127016,499],{"class":68},[58,127018,126554],{"class":239},[58,127020,69],{"class":68},[58,127022,940],{"class":939},[58,127024,20230],{"class":943},[58,127026,940],{"class":939},[58,127028,3486],{"class":68},[58,127030,126617],{"class":1773},[16,127032,88084,127033,6591,127035,966,127037,499],{},[20,127034,122524],{},[20,127036,1710],{},[20,127038,1784],{},[16,127040,127041],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[44,127043,6552,127044,2512,127046],{"id":63580},[20,127045,34234],{},[20,127047,50831],{},[16,127049,155,127050,127052],{},[20,127051,34234],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[16,127054,155,127055,127057],{},[20,127056,50831],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[16,127059,18,127060,73636,127062,127064],{},[20,127061,50831],{},[1855,127063,63243],{}," in the search.",[49,127066,127068],{"className":51,"code":127067,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[20,127069,127070,127083,127087,127111,127140,127172],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127071,127072,127074,127076,127078,127081],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127073,32847],{"class":286},[58,127075,290],{"class":77},[58,127077,1450],{"class":939},[58,127079,127080],{"class":943},"one two three two",[58,127082,1456],{"class":939},[58,127084,127085],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127086,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127088,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127090,65],{"class":64},[58,127092,69],{"class":68},[58,127094,32868],{"class":239},[58,127096,499],{"class":68},[58,127098,126554],{"class":239},[58,127100,69],{"class":68},[58,127102,940],{"class":939},[58,127104,77445],{"class":943},[58,127106,940],{"class":939},[58,127108,3486],{"class":68},[58,127110,126848],{"class":1773},[58,127112,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,127114,65],{"class":64},[58,127116,69],{"class":68},[58,127118,32868],{"class":239},[58,127120,499],{"class":68},[58,127122,126554],{"class":239},[58,127124,69],{"class":68},[58,127126,940],{"class":939},[58,127128,77445],{"class":943},[58,127130,940],{"class":939},[58,127132,1082],{"class":68},[58,127134,2725],{"class":81},[58,127136,3486],{"class":68},[58,127138,127139],{"class":1773},"     # 14\n",[58,127141,127142,127144,127146,127148,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,127143,65],{"class":64},[58,127145,69],{"class":68},[58,127147,32868],{"class":239},[58,127149,499],{"class":68},[58,127151,126554],{"class":239},[58,127153,69],{"class":68},[58,127155,940],{"class":939},[58,127157,77445],{"class":943},[58,127159,940],{"class":939},[58,127161,1082],{"class":68},[58,127163,1947],{"class":81},[58,127165,1082],{"class":68},[58,127167,4120],{"class":81},[58,127169,3486],{"class":68},[58,127171,49105],{"class":1773},[58,127173,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,127175,65],{"class":64},[58,127177,69],{"class":68},[58,127179,32868],{"class":239},[58,127181,499],{"class":68},[58,127183,126554],{"class":239},[58,127185,69],{"class":68},[58,127187,940],{"class":939},[58,127189,77445],{"class":943},[58,127191,940],{"class":939},[58,127193,1082],{"class":68},[58,127195,1947],{"class":81},[58,127197,1082],{"class":68},[58,127199,537],{"class":81},[58,127201,3486],{"class":68},[58,127203,126910],{"class":1773},[16,127205,127206],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[16,127208,127209,127210,53240,127214,499],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[374,127211,127213],{"href":127212},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[374,127215,127217,127219],{"href":127216},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[20,127218,58704],{}," string method",[44,127221,122176],{"id":122175},[16,127223,127224,121987],{},[20,127225,122524],{},[16,127227,125574,127228,2512,127230,127232],{},[20,127229,88592],{},[20,127231,62708],{}," are treated as different text.",[49,127234,127236],{"className":51,"code":127235,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[20,127237,127238,127251,127255,127279],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127239,127240,127242,127244,127246,127249],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127241,32847],{"class":286},[58,127243,290],{"class":77},[58,127245,1450],{"class":939},[58,127247,127248],{"class":943},"Hello World",[58,127250,1456],{"class":939},[58,127252,127253],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127254,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127256,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127258,65],{"class":64},[58,127260,69],{"class":68},[58,127262,32868],{"class":239},[58,127264,499],{"class":68},[58,127266,126554],{"class":239},[58,127268,69],{"class":68},[58,127270,940],{"class":939},[58,127272,33027],{"class":943},[58,127274,940],{"class":939},[58,127276,3486],{"class":68},[58,127278,49417],{"class":1773},[58,127280,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,127282,65],{"class":64},[58,127284,69],{"class":68},[58,127286,32868],{"class":239},[58,127288,499],{"class":68},[58,127290,126554],{"class":239},[58,127292,69],{"class":68},[58,127294,940],{"class":939},[58,127296,1959],{"class":943},[58,127298,940],{"class":939},[58,127300,3486],{"class":68},[58,127302,126910],{"class":1773},[16,127304,127305],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[49,127307,127309],{"className":51,"code":127308,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[20,127310,127311,127323,127327],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127312,127313,127315,127317,127319,127321],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127314,32847],{"class":286},[58,127316,290],{"class":77},[58,127318,1450],{"class":939},[58,127320,127248],{"class":943},[58,127322,1456],{"class":939},[58,127324,127325],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127326,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127328,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127330,65],{"class":64},[58,127332,69],{"class":68},[58,127334,32868],{"class":239},[58,127336,499],{"class":68},[58,127338,6776],{"class":239},[58,127340,6773],{"class":68},[58,127342,126554],{"class":239},[58,127344,69],{"class":68},[58,127346,940],{"class":939},[58,127348,1959],{"class":943},[58,127350,940],{"class":939},[58,127352,3486],{"class":68},[58,127354,49417],{"class":1773},[44,127356,127358,8725,127360],{"id":127357},"find-vs-index",[20,127359,122524],{},[20,127361,57140],{},[16,127363,127364,2512,127366,127368],{},[20,127365,122524],{},[20,127367,57140],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[28,127370,127371,127377],{},[31,127372,127373,475,127375],{},[20,127374,122524],{},[20,127376,64028],{},[31,127378,127379,50665,127381],{},[20,127380,57140],{},[20,127382,38869],{},[16,127384,155,127385,127387],{},[20,127386,122524],{}," when missing text is normal.",[16,127389,155,127390,127392],{},[20,127391,57140],{}," when the value must exist.",[49,127394,127396],{"className":51,"code":127395,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[20,127397,127398,127410,127414],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127399,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127401,32847],{"class":286},[58,127403,290],{"class":77},[58,127405,1450],{"class":939},[58,127407,1959],{"class":943},[58,127409,1456],{"class":939},[58,127411,127412],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127413,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127415,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127417,65],{"class":64},[58,127419,69],{"class":68},[58,127421,32868],{"class":239},[58,127423,499],{"class":68},[58,127425,126554],{"class":239},[58,127427,69],{"class":68},[58,127429,940],{"class":939},[58,127431,240],{"class":943},[58,127433,940],{"class":939},[58,127435,3486],{"class":68},[58,127437,127438],{"class":1773},"   # -1\n",[49,127440,127442],{"className":51,"code":127441,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[20,127443,127444,127456,127460],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127445,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127447,32847],{"class":286},[58,127449,290],{"class":77},[58,127451,1450],{"class":939},[58,127453,1959],{"class":943},[58,127455,1456],{"class":939},[58,127457,127458],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127459,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127461,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127463,65],{"class":64},[58,127465,69],{"class":68},[58,127467,32868],{"class":239},[58,127469,499],{"class":68},[58,127471,34007],{"class":239},[58,127473,69],{"class":68},[58,127475,940],{"class":939},[58,127477,240],{"class":943},[58,127479,940],{"class":939},[58,127481,3486],{"class":68},[58,127483,127484],{"class":1773},"  # ValueError\n",[16,127486,127487,127488,127492,127493,127495,127496,499],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[374,127489,127490,127219],{"href":122549},[20,127491,57140],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[20,127494,57140],{},", read ",[374,127497,23834,127498],{"href":71656},[20,127499,127500],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[44,127502,39211],{"id":39210},[16,127504,33566,127505,127507],{},[20,127506,122524],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[28,127509,127510,127513,127516,127519],{},[31,127511,127512],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[31,127514,127515],{},"Get the position of a word",[31,127517,127518],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[31,127520,127521],{},"Search before slicing a string",[16,127523,127524],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[49,127526,127528],{"className":51,"code":127527,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[20,127529,127530,127543,127566,127570,127585,127601,127620,127634],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127531,127532,127534,127536,127538,127541],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127533,32847],{"class":286},[58,127535,290],{"class":77},[58,127537,1450],{"class":939},[58,127539,127540],{"class":943},"name:Alice",[58,127542,1456],{"class":939},[58,127544,127545,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562,127564],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127546,127547],{"class":286},"colon_pos ",[58,127549,290],{"class":77},[58,127551,41008],{"class":286},[58,127553,499],{"class":68},[58,127555,126554],{"class":239},[58,127557,69],{"class":68},[58,127559,940],{"class":939},[58,127561,973],{"class":943},[58,127563,940],{"class":939},[58,127565,243],{"class":68},[58,127567,127568],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127569,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127571,127572,127574,127577,127579,127581,127583],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,127573,5127],{"class":1991},[58,127575,127576],{"class":286}," colon_pos ",[58,127578,70766],{"class":77},[58,127580,293],{"class":77},[58,127582,1079],{"class":81},[58,127584,4521],{"class":68},[58,127586,127587,127590,127592,127594,127596,127599],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,127588,127589],{"class":286},"    label ",[58,127591,290],{"class":77},[58,127593,41008],{"class":286},[58,127595,73709],{"class":68},[58,127597,127598],{"class":286},"colon_pos",[58,127600,1743],{"class":68},[58,127602,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,127604,25556],{"class":286},[58,127606,290],{"class":77},[58,127608,41008],{"class":286},[58,127610,2016],{"class":68},[58,127612,127547],{"class":286},[58,127614,120],{"class":77},[58,127616,3623],{"class":81},[58,127618,127619],{"class":68},":]\n",[58,127621,127622,127624,127626,127629,127631],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,127623,6202],{"class":64},[58,127625,69],{"class":68},[58,127627,127628],{"class":239},"label",[58,127630,1770],{"class":68},[58,127632,127633],{"class":1773},"  # name\n",[58,127635,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,127637,6202],{"class":64},[58,127639,69],{"class":68},[58,127641,553],{"class":239},[58,127643,1770],{"class":68},[58,127645,127646],{"class":1773},"  # Alice\n",[16,127648,127649,127650,499],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[374,127651,125565],{"href":121784},[44,127653,914],{"id":913},[16,127655,127656,127657,973],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[20,127658,122524],{},[28,127660,127661,127670,127676,127681,127687],{},[31,127662,6588,127663,6591,127665,966,127667,127669],{},[20,127664,122524],{},[20,127666,1710],{},[20,127668,1784],{}," instead of an index",[31,127671,127672,127673,127675],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[20,127674,64028],{}," when the substring is missing",[31,127677,6552,127678,127680],{},[20,127679,122524],{}," without handling case differences",[31,127682,35367,127683,6841,127685],{},[20,127684,122524],{},[20,127686,57140],{},[31,127688,2699,127689,127691],{},[20,127690,122524],{}," changes the string",[16,127693,127694],{},"Example of a mistake:",[49,127696,127698],{"className":51,"code":127697,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[20,127699,127700,127712,127716,127736,127751,127757],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127701,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127703,32847],{"class":286},[58,127705,290],{"class":77},[58,127707,1450],{"class":939},[58,127709,1959],{"class":943},[58,127711,1456],{"class":939},[58,127713,127714],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127715,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127717,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127719,5127],{"class":1991},[58,127721,41008],{"class":286},[58,127723,499],{"class":68},[58,127725,126554],{"class":239},[58,127727,69],{"class":68},[58,127729,940],{"class":939},[58,127731,58611],{"class":943},[58,127733,940],{"class":939},[58,127735,6476],{"class":68},[58,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127747,127749],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,127739,6202],{"class":64},[58,127741,69],{"class":68},[58,127743,940],{"class":939},[58,127745,127746],{"class":943},"Found",[58,127748,940],{"class":939},[58,127750,243],{"class":68},[58,127752,127753,127755],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,127754,25589],{"class":1991},[58,127756,4521],{"class":68},[58,127758,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,127760,6202],{"class":64},[58,127762,69],{"class":68},[58,127764,940],{"class":939},[58,127766,24470],{"class":943},[58,127768,940],{"class":939},[58,127770,243],{"class":68},[16,127772,98090],{},[49,127774,127776],{"className":51,"code":127775,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Not found\n",[20,127777,127778],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127779,127780],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127781,127775],{"class":286},[16,127783,43871,127784,127787,127788,15222,127790,127792,127793,127795],{},[20,127785,127786],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[20,127789,183],{},[20,127791,183],{}," is treated as false in an ",[20,127794,5127],{}," statement.",[16,127797,127798],{},"A safer version is:",[49,127800,127802],{"className":51,"code":127801,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[20,127803,127804,127816,127820,127849,127863,127869],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127805,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127807,32847],{"class":286},[58,127809,290],{"class":77},[58,127811,1450],{"class":939},[58,127813,1959],{"class":943},[58,127815,1456],{"class":939},[58,127817,127818],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127819,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,127821,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838,127840,127843,127845,127847],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127823,5127],{"class":1991},[58,127825,41008],{"class":286},[58,127827,499],{"class":68},[58,127829,126554],{"class":239},[58,127831,69],{"class":68},[58,127833,940],{"class":939},[58,127835,58611],{"class":943},[58,127837,940],{"class":939},[58,127839,1770],{"class":68},[58,127841,127842],{"class":77}," !=",[58,127844,293],{"class":77},[58,127846,1079],{"class":81},[58,127848,4521],{"class":68},[58,127850,127851,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,127852,6202],{"class":64},[58,127854,69],{"class":68},[58,127856,940],{"class":939},[58,127858,127746],{"class":943},[58,127860,940],{"class":939},[58,127862,243],{"class":68},[58,127864,127865,127867],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,127866,25589],{"class":1991},[58,127868,4521],{"class":68},[58,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,127872,6202],{"class":64},[58,127874,69],{"class":68},[58,127876,940],{"class":939},[58,127878,24470],{"class":943},[58,127880,940],{"class":939},[58,127882,243],{"class":68},[16,127884,127885],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[49,127887,127889],{"className":51,"code":127888,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[20,127890,127891,127913,127927,127953,127967],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,127892,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,127894,65],{"class":64},[58,127896,69],{"class":68},[58,127898,32868],{"class":239},[58,127900,499],{"class":68},[58,127902,126554],{"class":239},[58,127904,69],{"class":68},[58,127906,1396],{"class":939},[58,127908,36555],{"class":943},[58,127910,1396],{"class":939},[58,127912,85],{"class":68},[58,127914,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,127916,65],{"class":64},[58,127918,69],{"class":68},[58,127920,39945],{"class":64},[58,127922,69],{"class":68},[58,127924,32868],{"class":239},[58,127926,85],{"class":68},[58,127928,127929,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,127930,65],{"class":64},[58,127932,69],{"class":68},[58,127934,32868],{"class":239},[58,127936,499],{"class":68},[58,127938,6776],{"class":239},[58,127940,6773],{"class":68},[58,127942,126554],{"class":239},[58,127944,69],{"class":68},[58,127946,1396],{"class":939},[58,127948,36555],{"class":943},[58,127950,1396],{"class":939},[58,127952,85],{"class":68},[58,127954,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,127956,65],{"class":64},[58,127958,69],{"class":68},[58,127960,9303],{"class":64},[58,127962,69],{"class":68},[58,127964,32868],{"class":239},[58,127966,85],{"class":68},[58,127968,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985,127987,127989,127991,127993,127995],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,127970,65],{"class":64},[58,127972,69],{"class":68},[58,127974,32868],{"class":239},[58,127976,499],{"class":68},[58,127978,126554],{"class":239},[58,127980,69],{"class":68},[58,127982,1396],{"class":939},[58,127984,36555],{"class":943},[58,127986,1396],{"class":939},[58,127988,1082],{"class":68},[58,127990,34213],{"class":239},[58,127992,1082],{"class":68},[58,127994,63214],{"class":239},[58,127996,85],{"class":68},[16,127998,127999],{},"These help you check:",[28,128001,128002,128007,128012,128017,128020],{},[31,128003,128004,128005],{},"The actual result from ",[20,128006,122524],{},[31,128008,128009,128010],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[20,128011,120743],{},[31,128013,128014,128015],{},"Case differences with ",[20,128016,122259],{},[31,128018,128019],{},"The string length",[31,128021,128022,128023,2512,128025,128027],{},"Whether your ",[20,128024,34234],{},[20,128026,50831],{}," values are correct",[44,128029,1555],{"id":1554},[617,128031,128033,128034,128036],{"id":128032},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[20,128035,122524],{}," return if the text is not found?",[16,128038,3271,128039,499],{},[20,128040,64028],{},[617,128042,10849,128044,128046],{"id":128043},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[20,128045,122524],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[16,128048,128049],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[617,128051,128053,128054,122865],{"id":128052},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[20,128055,122524],{},[16,128057,128058],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[617,128060,3303,128062,2512,128064,67829],{"id":128061},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[20,128063,122524],{},[20,128065,57140],{},[16,128067,128068,475,128070,128072,128073,50665,128075,499],{},[20,128069,122524],{},[20,128071,64028],{}," if not found, while ",[20,128074,57140],{},[20,128076,38869],{},[617,128078,26484,128080,128082],{"id":128079},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[20,128081,122524],{}," to search only part of a string?",[16,128084,128085,128086,2512,128088,64327],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[20,128087,34234],{},[20,128089,50831],{},[44,128091,1603],{"id":1602},[28,128093,128094,128100,128106,128113,128119,128126,128130,128135],{},[31,128095,128096],{},[374,128097,124529,128098,8881],{"href":122549},[20,128099,57140],{},[31,128101,128102],{},[374,128103,124529,128104,8881],{"href":127216},[20,128105,58704],{},[31,128107,128108],{},[374,128109,124529,128111,8881],{"href":128110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[20,128112,122700],{},[31,128114,128115],{},[374,128116,124529,128117,8881],{"href":125894},[20,128118,125897],{},[31,128120,128121],{},[374,128122,124529,128124,8881],{"href":128123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[20,128125,124587],{},[31,128127,128128],{},[374,128129,122928],{"href":121784},[31,128131,128132],{},[374,128133,128134],{"href":127212},"How to split a string in Python",[31,128136,128137],{},[374,128138,24277,128139],{"href":71656},[20,128140,127500],{},[1635,128142,128143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":128145},[128146,128148,128151,128152,128153,128154,128156,128157,128158,128170],{"id":126630,"depth":88,"text":128147},"What find() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":128149},[128150],{"id":15544,"depth":104,"text":15545},{"id":36183,"depth":88,"text":36184},{"id":63580,"depth":88,"text":64363},{"id":122175,"depth":88,"text":122176},{"id":127357,"depth":88,"text":128155},"find() vs index()",{"id":39210,"depth":88,"text":39211},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":128159},[128160,128162,128164,128166,128168],{"id":128032,"depth":104,"text":128161},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":128043,"depth":104,"text":128163},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":128052,"depth":104,"text":128165},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":128061,"depth":104,"text":128167},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":128079,"depth":104,"text":128169},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":126502,"description":128171},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":128178,"title":128179,"body":128180,"description":130106,"extension":1667,"meta":130107,"navigation":318,"path":130108,"seo":130109,"stem":130110,"__hash__":130111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":9,"value":128181,"toc":130074},[128182,128187,128192,128195,128197,128273,128277,128305,128313,128317,128322,128326,128343,128345,128412,128416,128438,128446,128448,128451,128475,128478,128492,128494,128579,128583,128595,128598,128602,128608,128658,128662,128679,128688,128691,128699,128702,128751,128755,128780,128783,128838,128842,128854,128860,128864,128870,128875,128942,128946,128972,128975,128986,128988,129055,129059,129084,129091,129095,129100,129107,129115,129117,129169,129173,129191,129193,129238,129242,129257,129260,129270,129277,129279,129283,129286,129297,129299,129359,129363,129391,129394,129400,129405,129408,129412,129456,129459,129497,129500,129508,129510,129515,129519,129522,129570,129573,129576,129632,129636,129641,129644,129693,129695,129744,129750,129755,129757,129804,129808,129821,129823,129874,129880,129883,129887,129890,129896,129901,129903,129906,129978,129981,129998,130000,130005,130008,130012,130018,130024,130031,130037,130043,130045,130071],[12,128183,121529,128185,9464],{"id":128184},"python-string-format-method",[20,128186,124532],{},[16,128188,121534,128189,128191],{},[20,128190,124532],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[16,128193,128194],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[44,128196,47],{"id":46},[49,128198,128200],{"className":51,"code":128199,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[20,128201,128202,128214,128222,128226,128263],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128203,128204,128206,128208,128210,128212],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128205,6009],{"class":286},[58,128207,290],{"class":77},[58,128209,1450],{"class":939},[58,128211,9652],{"class":943},[58,128213,1456],{"class":939},[58,128215,128216,128218,128220],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,128217,19781],{"class":286},[58,128219,290],{"class":77},[58,128221,86973],{"class":81},[58,128223,128224],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,128225,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,128227,128228,128230,128232,128234,128237,128239,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,128229,88181],{"class":286},[58,128231,290],{"class":77},[58,128233,1450],{"class":939},[58,128235,128236],{"class":943},"My name is ",[58,128238,1905],{"class":81},[58,128240,128241],{"class":943}," and I am ",[58,128243,1905],{"class":81},[58,128245,120525],{"class":943},[58,128247,940],{"class":939},[58,128249,499],{"class":68},[58,128251,128252],{"class":239},"format",[58,128254,69],{"class":68},[58,128256,5799],{"class":239},[58,128258,1082],{"class":68},[58,128260,7326],{"class":239},[58,128262,243],{"class":68},[58,128264,128265,128267,128269,128271],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,128266,65],{"class":64},[58,128268,69],{"class":68},[58,128270,88198],{"class":239},[58,128272,243],{"class":68},[16,128274,128275],{},[1855,128276,132],{},[49,128278,128280],{"className":51,"code":128279,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[20,128281,128282],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128283,128284,128287,128289,128292,128295,128298,128301,128303],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128285,128286],{"class":286},"My name ",[58,128288,10338],{"class":77},[58,128290,128291],{"class":286}," Maya ",[58,128293,128294],{"class":77},"and",[58,128296,128297],{"class":286}," I am ",[58,128299,128300],{"class":81},"12",[58,128302,120558],{"class":286},[58,128304,120561],{"class":68},[16,128306,155,128307,128309,128310,128312],{},[20,128308,1905],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[20,128311,124532],{}," in the same order.",[16,128314,123281,128315,499],{},[374,128316,123284],{"href":49145},[44,128318,11142,128320,11145],{"id":128319},"what-the-format-method-does",[20,128321,124532],{},[16,128323,18,128324,9555],{},[20,128325,124532],{},[28,128327,128328,128331,128337,128340],{},[31,128329,128330],{},"inserts values into a string",[31,128332,128333,128334,128336],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[20,128335,1905],{}," with given values",[31,128338,128339],{},"returns a new string",[31,128341,128342],{},"does not change the original string",[16,128344,276],{},[49,128346,128348],{"className":51,"code":128347,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[20,128349,128350,128364,128387,128391,128402],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128353,32847],{"class":286},[58,128355,290],{"class":77},[58,128357,1450],{"class":939},[58,128359,43069],{"class":943},[58,128361,1905],{"class":81},[58,128363,1456],{"class":939},[58,128365,128366,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,128367,128368],{"class":286},"new_text ",[58,128370,290],{"class":77},[58,128372,41008],{"class":286},[58,128374,499],{"class":68},[58,128376,128252],{"class":239},[58,128378,69],{"class":68},[58,128380,940],{"class":939},[58,128382,5808],{"class":943},[58,128384,940],{"class":939},[58,128386,243],{"class":68},[58,128388,128389],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,128390,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,128392,128393,128395,128397,128400],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,128394,65],{"class":64},[58,128396,69],{"class":68},[58,128398,128399],{"class":239},"new_text",[58,128401,243],{"class":68},[58,128403,128404,128406,128408,128410],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,128405,65],{"class":64},[58,128407,69],{"class":68},[58,128409,32868],{"class":239},[58,128411,243],{"class":68},[16,128413,128414],{},[1855,128415,132],{},[49,128417,128419],{"className":51,"code":128418,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[20,128420,128421,128430],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128422,128423,128425,128427],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128424,33027],{"class":286},[58,128426,1082],{"class":68},[58,128428,128429],{"class":286}," Sam\n",[58,128431,128432,128434,128436],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,128433,33027],{"class":286},[58,128435,1082],{"class":68},[58,128437,7977],{"class":68},[16,128439,362,128440,128442,128443,128445],{},[20,128441,32868],{}," stays the same. ",[20,128444,124532],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[44,128447,222],{"id":221},[16,128449,128450],{},"The general form is:",[49,128452,128454],{"className":51,"code":128453,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[20,128455,128456],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128457,128458,128460,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128459,940],{"class":41495},[58,128461,128462],{"class":41499},"text {}",[58,128464,940],{"class":41495},[58,128466,499],{"class":68},[58,128468,128252],{"class":239},[58,128470,69],{"class":68},[58,128472,553],{"class":239},[58,128474,243],{"class":68},[16,128476,128477],{},"Key idea:",[28,128479,128480,128486,128489],{},[31,128481,128482,128483,128485],{},"each ",[20,128484,1905],{}," is a placeholder",[31,128487,128488],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[31,128490,128491],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[16,128493,276],{},[49,128495,128497],{"className":51,"code":128496,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[20,128498,128499,128512,128526,128530,128568],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128500,128501,128504,128506,128508,128510],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128502,128503],{"class":286},"animal ",[58,128505,290],{"class":77},[58,128507,1450],{"class":939},[58,128509,35210],{"class":943},[58,128511,1456],{"class":939},[58,128513,128514,128517,128519,128521,128524],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,128515,128516],{"class":286},"sound ",[58,128518,290],{"class":77},[58,128520,1450],{"class":939},[58,128522,128523],{"class":943},"meow",[58,128525,1456],{"class":939},[58,128527,128528],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,128529,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,128531,128532,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128561,128563,128566],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,128533,128534],{"class":286},"sentence ",[58,128536,290],{"class":77},[58,128538,1450],{"class":939},[58,128540,18],{"class":943},[58,128542,1905],{"class":81},[58,128544,128545],{"class":943}," says ",[58,128547,1905],{"class":81},[58,128549,499],{"class":943},[58,128551,940],{"class":939},[58,128553,499],{"class":68},[58,128555,128252],{"class":239},[58,128557,69],{"class":68},[58,128559,128560],{"class":239},"animal",[58,128562,1082],{"class":68},[58,128564,128565],{"class":239}," sound",[58,128567,243],{"class":68},[58,128569,128570,128572,128574,128577],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,128571,65],{"class":64},[58,128573,69],{"class":68},[58,128575,128576],{"class":239},"sentence",[58,128578,243],{"class":68},[16,128580,128581],{},[1855,128582,132],{},[49,128584,128586],{"className":51,"code":128585,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"The cat says meow.\n",[20,128587,128588],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128589,128590,128593],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128591,128592],{"class":286},"The cat says meow",[58,128594,120561],{"class":68},[16,128596,128597],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[44,128599,128601],{"id":128600},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[16,128603,128604,128605,128607],{},"You can use empty braces ",[20,128606,1905],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[49,128609,128611],{"className":51,"code":128610,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[20,128612,128613],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128614,128615,128617,128619,128621,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128645,128647,128649,128651,128654,128656],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128616,65],{"class":64},[58,128618,69],{"class":68},[58,128620,940],{"class":939},[58,128622,128623],{"class":943},"I like ",[58,128625,1905],{"class":81},[58,128627,2512],{"class":943},[58,128629,1905],{"class":81},[58,128631,499],{"class":943},[58,128633,940],{"class":939},[58,128635,499],{"class":68},[58,128637,128252],{"class":239},[58,128639,69],{"class":68},[58,128641,940],{"class":939},[58,128643,128644],{"class":943},"pizza",[58,128646,940],{"class":939},[58,128648,1082],{"class":68},[58,128650,1450],{"class":939},[58,128652,128653],{"class":943},"pasta",[58,128655,940],{"class":939},[58,128657,85],{"class":68},[16,128659,128660],{},[1855,128661,132],{},[49,128663,128665],{"className":51,"code":128664,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[20,128666,128667],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128668,128669,128672,128674,128677],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128670,128671],{"class":286},"I like pizza ",[58,128673,128294],{"class":77},[58,128675,128676],{"class":286}," pasta",[58,128678,120561],{"class":68},[16,128680,128681,128682,2512,128685,499],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[20,128683,128684],{},"{0}",[20,128686,128687],{},"{1}",[16,128689,128690],{},"This is helpful when:",[28,128692,128693,128696],{},[31,128694,128695],{},"you want to reuse a value",[31,128697,128698],{},"you want to change the order",[16,128700,128701],{},"Example with reused values:",[49,128703,128705],{"className":51,"code":128704,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,128706,128707,128741],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128708,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128720,128722,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128710,32847],{"class":286},[58,128712,290],{"class":77},[58,128714,1450],{"class":939},[58,128716,128684],{"class":81},[58,128718,128719],{"class":943}," is learning Python. ",[58,128721,128684],{"class":81},[58,128723,128724],{"class":943}," likes coding.",[58,128726,940],{"class":939},[58,128728,499],{"class":68},[58,128730,128252],{"class":239},[58,128732,69],{"class":68},[58,128734,940],{"class":939},[58,128736,18034],{"class":943},[58,128738,940],{"class":939},[58,128740,243],{"class":68},[58,128742,128743,128745,128747,128749],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,128744,65],{"class":64},[58,128746,69],{"class":68},[58,128748,32868],{"class":239},[58,128750,243],{"class":68},[16,128752,128753],{},[1855,128754,132],{},[49,128756,128758],{"className":51,"code":128757,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[20,128759,128760],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128761,128762,128765,128767,128770,128772,128775,128778],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128763,128764],{"class":286},"Lina ",[58,128766,10338],{"class":77},[58,128768,128769],{"class":286}," learning Python",[58,128771,499],{"class":68},[58,128773,128774],{"class":22904}," Lina",[58,128776,128777],{"class":286}," likes coding",[58,128779,120561],{"class":68},[16,128781,128782],{},"Example with changed order:",[49,128784,128786],{"className":51,"code":128785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,128787,128788,128828],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128789,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128791,32847],{"class":286},[58,128793,290],{"class":77},[58,128795,1450],{"class":939},[58,128797,128687],{"class":81},[58,128799,81500],{"class":943},[58,128801,128684],{"class":81},[58,128803,499],{"class":943},[58,128805,940],{"class":939},[58,128807,499],{"class":68},[58,128809,128252],{"class":239},[58,128811,69],{"class":68},[58,128813,940],{"class":939},[58,128815,4714],{"class":943},[58,128817,940],{"class":939},[58,128819,1082],{"class":68},[58,128821,1450],{"class":939},[58,128823,77445],{"class":943},[58,128825,940],{"class":939},[58,128827,243],{"class":68},[58,128829,128830,128832,128834,128836],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,128831,65],{"class":64},[58,128833,69],{"class":68},[58,128835,32868],{"class":239},[58,128837,243],{"class":68},[16,128839,128840],{},[1855,128841,132],{},[49,128843,128845],{"className":51,"code":128844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"two comes after one.\n",[20,128846,128847],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128848,128849,128852],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128850,128851],{"class":286},"two comes after one",[58,128853,120561],{"class":68},[16,128855,128856,128857,128859],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[20,128858,1905],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[44,128861,128863],{"id":128862},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[16,128865,128866,128867,499],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[20,128868,128869],{},"{name}",[16,128871,128872,128873,973],{},"You pass matching names into ",[20,128874,124532],{},[49,128876,128878],{"className":51,"code":128877,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,128879,128880,128932],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128881,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128895,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128883,32847],{"class":286},[58,128885,290],{"class":77},[58,128887,1450],{"class":939},[58,128889,128236],{"class":943},[58,128891,128869],{"class":81},[58,128893,128894],{"class":943}," and I live in ",[58,128896,128897],{"class":81},"{city}",[58,128899,499],{"class":943},[58,128901,940],{"class":939},[58,128903,499],{"class":68},[58,128905,128252],{"class":239},[58,128907,69],{"class":68},[58,128909,5799],{"class":7313},[58,128911,290],{"class":77},[58,128913,940],{"class":939},[58,128915,11026],{"class":943},[58,128917,940],{"class":939},[58,128919,1082],{"class":68},[58,128921,29542],{"class":7313},[58,128923,290],{"class":77},[58,128925,940],{"class":939},[58,128927,14180],{"class":943},[58,128929,940],{"class":939},[58,128931,243],{"class":68},[58,128933,128934,128936,128938,128940],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,128935,65],{"class":64},[58,128937,69],{"class":68},[58,128939,32868],{"class":239},[58,128941,243],{"class":68},[16,128943,128944],{},[1855,128945,132],{},[49,128947,128949],{"className":51,"code":128948,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[20,128950,128951],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128952,128953,128955,128957,128960,128962,128965,128967,128970],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128954,128286],{"class":286},[58,128956,10338],{"class":77},[58,128958,128959],{"class":286}," Ana ",[58,128961,128294],{"class":77},[58,128963,128964],{"class":286}," I live ",[58,128966,1998],{"class":77},[58,128968,128969],{"class":286}," Lima",[58,128971,120561],{"class":68},[16,128973,128974],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[28,128976,128977,128980,128983],{},[31,128978,128979],{},"they make code easier to read",[31,128981,128982],{},"they help when a string has many values",[31,128984,128985],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[16,128987,276],{},[49,128989,128991],{"className":51,"code":128990,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[20,128992,128993,129045],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,128994,128995,128998,129000,129002,129005,129008,129011,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129031,129033,129035,129038,129040,129043],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,128996,128997],{"class":286},"report ",[58,128999,290],{"class":77},[58,129001,1450],{"class":939},[58,129003,129004],{"class":943},"Student: ",[58,129006,129007],{"class":81},"{student}",[58,129009,129010],{"class":943},", Score: ",[58,129012,129013],{"class":81},"{score}",[58,129015,940],{"class":939},[58,129017,499],{"class":68},[58,129019,128252],{"class":239},[58,129021,69],{"class":68},[58,129023,11773],{"class":7313},[58,129025,290],{"class":77},[58,129027,940],{"class":939},[58,129029,129030],{"class":943},"Noah",[58,129032,940],{"class":939},[58,129034,1082],{"class":68},[58,129036,129037],{"class":7313}," score",[58,129039,290],{"class":77},[58,129041,129042],{"class":81},"95",[58,129044,243],{"class":68},[58,129046,129047,129049,129051,129053],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129048,65],{"class":64},[58,129050,69],{"class":68},[58,129052,126242],{"class":239},[58,129054,243],{"class":68},[16,129056,129057],{},[1855,129058,132],{},[49,129060,129062],{"className":51,"code":129061,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[20,129063,129064],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129065,129066,129069,129071,129074,129076,129079,129081],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129067,129068],{"class":286},"Student",[58,129070,973],{"class":68},[58,129072,129073],{"class":286}," Noah",[58,129075,1082],{"class":68},[58,129077,129078],{"class":286}," Score",[58,129080,973],{"class":68},[58,129082,129083],{"class":81}," 95\n",[16,129085,129086,129087,499],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[374,129088,1681,129089,1612],{"href":40341},[20,129090,45852],{},[44,129092,129094],{"id":129093},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[16,129096,129097,129099],{},[20,129098,124532],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[16,129101,129102,129103,129106],{},"A common example is ",[20,129104,129105],{},":.2f",", which means:",[28,129108,129109,129112],{},[31,129110,129111],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[31,129113,129114],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[16,129116,276],{},[49,129118,129120],{"className":51,"code":129119,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[20,129121,129122,129130,129159],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129123,129124,129126,129128],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129125,38552],{"class":286},[58,129127,290],{"class":77},[58,129129,47445],{"class":81},[58,129131,129132,129134,129136,129138,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129133,32847],{"class":286},[58,129135,290],{"class":77},[58,129137,1450],{"class":939},[58,129139,129140],{"class":943},"Price: $",[58,129142,7416],{"class":81},[58,129144,129105],{"class":126},[58,129146,20456],{"class":81},[58,129148,940],{"class":939},[58,129150,499],{"class":68},[58,129152,128252],{"class":239},[58,129154,69],{"class":68},[58,129156,23304],{"class":239},[58,129158,243],{"class":68},[58,129160,129161,129163,129165,129167],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,129162,65],{"class":64},[58,129164,69],{"class":68},[58,129166,32868],{"class":239},[58,129168,243],{"class":68},[16,129170,129171],{},[1855,129172,132],{},[49,129174,129176],{"className":51,"code":129175,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Price: $3.50\n",[20,129177,129178],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129179,129180,129183,129185,129188],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129181,129182],{"class":286},"Price",[58,129184,973],{"class":68},[58,129186,129187],{"class":35530}," $",[58,129189,129190],{"class":81},"3.50\n",[16,129192,50250],{},[49,129194,129196],{"className":51,"code":129195,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[20,129197,129198,129208],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129199,129200,129203,129205],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129201,129202],{"class":286},"average ",[58,129204,290],{"class":77},[58,129206,129207],{"class":81}," 91.236\n",[58,129209,129210,129212,129214,129216,129219,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129236],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129211,65],{"class":64},[58,129213,69],{"class":68},[58,129215,940],{"class":939},[58,129217,129218],{"class":943},"Average: ",[58,129220,7416],{"class":81},[58,129222,129105],{"class":126},[58,129224,20456],{"class":81},[58,129226,940],{"class":939},[58,129228,499],{"class":68},[58,129230,128252],{"class":239},[58,129232,69],{"class":68},[58,129234,129235],{"class":239},"average",[58,129237,85],{"class":68},[16,129239,129240],{},[1855,129241,132],{},[49,129243,129245],{"className":51,"code":129244,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Average: 91.24\n",[20,129246,129247],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129248,129249,129252,129254],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129250,129251],{"class":286},"Average",[58,129253,973],{"class":68},[58,129255,129256],{"class":81}," 91.24\n",[16,129258,129259],{},"This is useful for:",[28,129261,129262,129264,129267],{},[31,129263,81258],{},[31,129265,129266],{},"averages",[31,129268,129269],{},"percentages",[16,129271,129272,129273,499],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[374,129274,1681,129275,380],{"href":44617},[20,129276,44620],{},[44,129278,15569],{"id":15568},[16,129280,129281,90695],{},[20,129282,124532],{},[16,129284,129285],{},"That means you can:",[28,129287,129288,129291,129294],{},[31,129289,129290],{},"save it in a variable",[31,129292,129293],{},"print it directly",[31,129295,129296],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[16,129298,276],{},[49,129300,129302],{"className":51,"code":129301,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[20,129303,129304,129335,129345],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129305,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129331,129333],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129307,88181],{"class":286},[58,129309,290],{"class":77},[58,129311,1450],{"class":939},[58,129313,43069],{"class":943},[58,129315,1905],{"class":81},[58,129317,88022],{"class":943},[58,129319,940],{"class":939},[58,129321,499],{"class":68},[58,129323,128252],{"class":239},[58,129325,69],{"class":68},[58,129327,940],{"class":939},[58,129329,129330],{"class":943},"Chris",[58,129332,940],{"class":939},[58,129334,243],{"class":68},[58,129336,129337,129339,129341,129343],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129338,65],{"class":64},[58,129340,69],{"class":68},[58,129342,88198],{"class":239},[58,129344,243],{"class":68},[58,129346,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,129348,65],{"class":64},[58,129350,69],{"class":68},[58,129352,1316],{"class":991},[58,129354,69],{"class":68},[58,129356,88198],{"class":239},[58,129358,85],{"class":68},[16,129360,129361],{},[1855,129362,132],{},[49,129364,129366],{"className":51,"code":129365,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[20,129367,129368,129377],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129369,129370,129372,129374],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129371,33027],{"class":286},[58,129373,1082],{"class":68},[58,129375,129376],{"class":286}," Chris!\n",[58,129378,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129380,1385],{"class":77},[58,129382,1388],{"class":126},[58,129384,1391],{"class":939},[58,129386,1542],{"class":943},[58,129388,1396],{"class":939},[58,129390,1399],{"class":77},[16,129392,129393],{},"The original string is not changed.",[44,129395,129397,129399],{"id":129396},"format-vs-f-strings",[20,129398,124532],{}," vs f-strings",[16,129401,129402,129404],{},[20,129403,124532],{}," is a string method.",[16,129406,129407],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[16,129409,44208,129410,973],{},[20,129411,124532],{},[49,129413,129415],{"className":51,"code":129414,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[20,129416,129417,129430],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129418,129419,129421,129423,129425,129428],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129420,6009],{"class":286},[58,129422,290],{"class":77},[58,129424,1450],{"class":939},[58,129426,129427],{"class":943},"Rita",[58,129429,1456],{"class":939},[58,129431,129432,129434,129436,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129433,65],{"class":64},[58,129435,69],{"class":68},[58,129437,940],{"class":939},[58,129439,43069],{"class":943},[58,129441,1905],{"class":81},[58,129443,88022],{"class":943},[58,129445,940],{"class":939},[58,129447,499],{"class":68},[58,129449,128252],{"class":239},[58,129451,69],{"class":68},[58,129453,5799],{"class":239},[58,129455,85],{"class":68},[16,129457,129458],{},"Example with an f-string:",[49,129460,129462],{"className":51,"code":129461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[20,129463,129464,129476],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129465,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129467,6009],{"class":286},[58,129469,290],{"class":77},[58,129471,1450],{"class":939},[58,129473,129427],{"class":943},[58,129475,1456],{"class":939},[58,129477,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129495],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129479,65],{"class":64},[58,129481,69],{"class":68},[58,129483,20447],{"class":126},[58,129485,41513],{"class":943},[58,129487,7416],{"class":81},[58,129489,5799],{"class":239},[58,129491,20456],{"class":81},[58,129493,129494],{"class":943},"!\"",[58,129496,243],{"class":68},[16,129498,129499],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[16,129501,129502,129503,129505,129506,499],{},"This page focuses on how ",[20,129504,124532],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[374,129507,87867],{"href":87866},[44,129509,914],{"id":913},[16,129511,129512,129513,499],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[20,129514,124532],{},[617,129516,129518],{"id":129517},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[16,129520,129521],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[49,129523,129525],{"className":51,"code":129524,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,129526,129527,129560],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129528,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129530,32847],{"class":286},[58,129532,290],{"class":77},[58,129534,1450],{"class":939},[58,129536,43069],{"class":943},[58,129538,1905],{"class":81},[58,129540,129541],{"class":81}," {}",[58,129543,88022],{"class":943},[58,129545,940],{"class":939},[58,129547,499],{"class":68},[58,129549,128252],{"class":239},[58,129551,69],{"class":68},[58,129553,940],{"class":939},[58,129555,5808],{"class":943},[58,129557,940],{"class":939},[58,129559,243],{"class":68},[58,129561,129562,129564,129566,129568],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129563,65],{"class":64},[58,129565,69],{"class":68},[58,129567,32868],{"class":239},[58,129569,243],{"class":68},[16,129571,129572],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[16,129574,129575],{},"Fixed version:",[49,129577,129579],{"className":51,"code":129578,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,129580,129581,129622],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129582,129583,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593,129595,129597,129599,129601,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129615,129618,129620],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129584,32847],{"class":286},[58,129586,290],{"class":77},[58,129588,1450],{"class":939},[58,129590,43069],{"class":943},[58,129592,1905],{"class":81},[58,129594,129541],{"class":81},[58,129596,88022],{"class":943},[58,129598,940],{"class":939},[58,129600,499],{"class":68},[58,129602,128252],{"class":239},[58,129604,69],{"class":68},[58,129606,940],{"class":939},[58,129608,5808],{"class":943},[58,129610,940],{"class":939},[58,129612,1082],{"class":68},[58,129614,1450],{"class":939},[58,129616,129617],{"class":943},"Lee",[58,129619,940],{"class":939},[58,129621,243],{"class":68},[58,129623,129624,129626,129628,129630],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129625,65],{"class":64},[58,129627,69],{"class":68},[58,129629,32868],{"class":239},[58,129631,243],{"class":68},[617,129633,129635],{"id":129634},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[16,129637,129638,129639,499],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[20,129640,124532],{},[16,129642,129643],{},"Problem:",[49,129645,129647],{"className":51,"code":129646,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,129648,129649,129683],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129650,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129652,32847],{"class":286},[58,129654,290],{"class":77},[58,129656,1450],{"class":939},[58,129658,43069],{"class":943},[58,129660,128869],{"class":81},[58,129662,88022],{"class":943},[58,129664,940],{"class":939},[58,129666,499],{"class":68},[58,129668,128252],{"class":239},[58,129670,69],{"class":68},[58,129672,6118],{"class":7313},[58,129674,290],{"class":77},[58,129676,940],{"class":939},[58,129678,5808],{"class":943},[58,129680,940],{"class":939},[58,129682,243],{"class":68},[58,129684,129685,129687,129689,129691],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129686,65],{"class":64},[58,129688,69],{"class":68},[58,129690,32868],{"class":239},[58,129692,243],{"class":68},[16,129694,129575],{},[49,129696,129698],{"className":51,"code":129697,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,129699,129700,129734],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129701,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712,129714,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730,129732],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129703,32847],{"class":286},[58,129705,290],{"class":77},[58,129707,1450],{"class":939},[58,129709,43069],{"class":943},[58,129711,128869],{"class":81},[58,129713,88022],{"class":943},[58,129715,940],{"class":939},[58,129717,499],{"class":68},[58,129719,128252],{"class":239},[58,129721,69],{"class":68},[58,129723,5799],{"class":7313},[58,129725,290],{"class":77},[58,129727,940],{"class":939},[58,129729,5808],{"class":943},[58,129731,940],{"class":939},[58,129733,243],{"class":68},[58,129735,129736,129738,129740,129742],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129737,65],{"class":64},[58,129739,69],{"class":68},[58,129741,32868],{"class":239},[58,129743,243],{"class":68},[617,129745,6588,129747,129749],{"id":129746},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[20,129748,124532],{}," to change the original string",[16,129751,129752,129754],{},[20,129753,124532],{}," does not modify the original string.",[16,129756,129643],{},[49,129758,129760],{"className":51,"code":129759,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,129761,129762,129776,129794],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129763,129764,129766,129768,129770,129772,129774],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129765,32847],{"class":286},[58,129767,290],{"class":77},[58,129769,1450],{"class":939},[58,129771,43069],{"class":943},[58,129773,1905],{"class":81},[58,129775,1456],{"class":939},[58,129777,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788,129790,129792],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129779,32868],{"class":286},[58,129781,499],{"class":68},[58,129783,128252],{"class":239},[58,129785,69],{"class":68},[58,129787,940],{"class":939},[58,129789,5808],{"class":943},[58,129791,940],{"class":939},[58,129793,243],{"class":68},[58,129795,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,129797,65],{"class":64},[58,129799,69],{"class":68},[58,129801,32868],{"class":239},[58,129803,243],{"class":68},[16,129805,129806],{},[1855,129807,132],{},[49,129809,129811],{"className":51,"code":129810,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hello, {}\n",[20,129812,129813],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129814,129815,129817,129819],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129816,33027],{"class":286},[58,129818,1082],{"class":68},[58,129820,7977],{"class":68},[16,129822,129575],{},[49,129824,129826],{"className":51,"code":129825,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,129827,129828,129842,129864],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129829,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838,129840],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129831,32847],{"class":286},[58,129833,290],{"class":77},[58,129835,1450],{"class":939},[58,129837,43069],{"class":943},[58,129839,1905],{"class":81},[58,129841,1456],{"class":939},[58,129843,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129845,32847],{"class":286},[58,129847,290],{"class":77},[58,129849,41008],{"class":286},[58,129851,499],{"class":68},[58,129853,128252],{"class":239},[58,129855,69],{"class":68},[58,129857,940],{"class":939},[58,129859,5808],{"class":943},[58,129861,940],{"class":939},[58,129863,243],{"class":68},[58,129865,129866,129868,129870,129872],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,129867,65],{"class":64},[58,129869,69],{"class":68},[58,129871,32868],{"class":239},[58,129873,243],{"class":68},[617,129875,2825,129877,129879],{"id":129876},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[20,129878,124532],{}," returns a new string",[16,129881,129882],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[617,129884,129886],{"id":129885},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[16,129888,129889],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[16,129891,129892,129893,129895],{},"Use simple ",[20,129894,1905],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[16,129897,129898,129899,499],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[374,129900,88580],{"href":88579},[44,129902,66069],{"id":66068},[16,129904,129905],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[49,129907,129909],{"className":51,"code":129908,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[20,129910,129911,129921,129935,129964],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,129912,129913,129915,129917,129919],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,129914,65],{"class":64},[58,129916,69],{"class":68},[58,129918,32868],{"class":239},[58,129920,243],{"class":68},[58,129922,129923,129925,129927,129929,129931,129933],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,129924,65],{"class":64},[58,129926,69],{"class":68},[58,129928,1316],{"class":991},[58,129930,69],{"class":68},[58,129932,553],{"class":239},[58,129934,85],{"class":68},[58,129936,129937,129939,129941,129943,129946,129948,129950,129952,129954,129956,129958,129960,129962],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,129938,65],{"class":64},[58,129940,69],{"class":68},[58,129942,940],{"class":939},[58,129944,129945],{"class":943},"Hello ",[58,129947,1905],{"class":81},[58,129949,940],{"class":939},[58,129951,499],{"class":68},[58,129953,128252],{"class":239},[58,129955,69],{"class":68},[58,129957,940],{"class":939},[58,129959,5808],{"class":943},[58,129961,940],{"class":939},[58,129963,85],{"class":68},[58,129965,129966,129968,129970,129972,129974,129976],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,129967,30310],{"class":64},[58,129969,69],{"class":68},[58,129971,1542],{"class":991},[58,129973,499],{"class":68},[58,129975,128252],{"class":22904},[58,129977,243],{"class":68},[16,129979,129980],{},"Use them to check:",[28,129982,129983,129986,129989,129992],{},[31,129984,129985],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[31,129987,129988],{},"what type your value has",[31,129990,129991],{},"whether a small test example works",[31,129993,129994,129995],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[20,129996,129997],{},"str.format",[44,129999,1555],{"id":1554},[617,130001,128033,130003,10861],{"id":130002},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[20,130004,124532],{},[16,130006,130007],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[617,130009,130011],{"id":130010},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[16,130013,130014,130015,130017],{},"No. You can use plain ",[20,130016,1905],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[617,130019,130021,130022,573],{"id":130020},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[20,130023,124532],{},[16,130025,130026,130027,130030],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[20,130028,130029],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[617,130032,13051,130034,130036],{"id":130033},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[20,130035,124532],{}," better than f-strings?",[16,130038,130039,130040,130042],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[20,130041,124532],{}," is still useful and common.",[44,130044,1603],{"id":1602},[28,130046,130047,130051,130055,130061,130067],{},[31,130048,130049],{},[374,130050,123284],{"href":49145},[31,130052,130053],{},[374,130054,88857],{"href":87866},[31,130056,130057],{},[374,130058,1681,130059,1612],{"href":44617},[20,130060,44620],{},[31,130062,130063],{},[374,130064,1681,130065,1612],{"href":40341},[20,130066,45852],{},[31,130068,130069],{},[374,130070,88580],{"href":88579},[1635,130072,130073],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":130075},[130076,130077,130079,130080,130081,130082,130083,130084,130086,130095,130096,130105],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":128319,"depth":88,"text":130078},"What the format() method does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":128600,"depth":88,"text":128601},{"id":128862,"depth":88,"text":128863},{"id":129093,"depth":88,"text":129094},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":129396,"depth":88,"text":130085},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":130087},[130088,130089,130090,130092,130094],{"id":129517,"depth":104,"text":129518},{"id":129634,"depth":104,"text":129635},{"id":129746,"depth":104,"text":130091},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":129876,"depth":104,"text":130093},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":129885,"depth":104,"text":129886},{"id":66068,"depth":88,"text":66069},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":130097},[130098,130100,130101,130103],{"id":130002,"depth":104,"text":130099},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":130010,"depth":104,"text":130011},{"id":130020,"depth":104,"text":130102},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":130033,"depth":104,"text":130104},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":128179,"description":130106},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":130113,"title":130114,"body":130115,"description":131595,"extension":1667,"meta":131596,"navigation":318,"path":131597,"seo":131598,"stem":131599,"__hash__":131600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":9,"value":130116,"toc":131567},[130117,130122,130127,130132,130134,130196,130203,130209,130214,130216,130232,130234,130305,130307,130321,130324,130374,130376,130378,130405,130408,130423,130426,130467,130470,130515,130522,130571,130573,130581,130583,130601,130603,130696,130704,130745,130750,130757,130763,130770,130773,130777,130878,130880,130902,130906,130959,130962,130965,130971,130978,130980,131019,131021,131039,131049,131056,131139,131142,131149,131156,131163,131167,131175,131221,131225,131234,131299,131304,131309,131320,131322,131327,131354,131356,131459,131462,131482,131484,131489,131492,131496,131500,131507,131516,131522,131525,131531,131533,131535,131564],[12,130118,121529,130120,9464],{"id":130119},"python-string-index-method",[20,130121,57140],{},[16,130123,121534,130124,130126],{},[20,130125,57140],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[16,130128,130129,130130,499],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[20,130131,38869],{},[44,130133,47],{"id":46},[49,130135,130137],{"className":51,"code":130136,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[20,130138,130139,130151,130173,130183,130187,130191],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130140,130141,130143,130145,130147,130149],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130142,32847],{"class":286},[58,130144,290],{"class":77},[58,130146,1450],{"class":939},[58,130148,58579],{"class":943},[58,130150,1456],{"class":939},[58,130152,130153,130155,130157,130159,130161,130163,130165,130167,130169,130171],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130154,63093],{"class":286},[58,130156,290],{"class":77},[58,130158,41008],{"class":286},[58,130160,499],{"class":68},[58,130162,34007],{"class":239},[58,130164,69],{"class":68},[58,130166,940],{"class":939},[58,130168,58764],{"class":943},[58,130170,940],{"class":939},[58,130172,243],{"class":68},[58,130174,130175,130177,130179,130181],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,130176,65],{"class":64},[58,130178,69],{"class":68},[58,130180,63120],{"class":239},[58,130182,243],{"class":68},[58,130184,130185],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,130186,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,130188,130189],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,130190,88998],{"class":1773},[58,130192,130193],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,130194,130195],{"class":1773},"# 6\n",[16,130197,155,130198,130200,130201,499],{},[20,130199,57140],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[20,130202,38869],{},[44,130204,1788,130206,1791],{"id":130205},"what-strindex-does",[20,130207,130208],{},"str.index()",[16,130210,130211,130213],{},[20,130212,130208],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[16,130215,11198],{},[28,130217,130218,130221,130224,130227],{},[31,130219,130220],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[31,130222,130223],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[31,130225,130226],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[31,130228,28450,130229,130231],{},[20,130230,38869],{}," if the substring is not found",[16,130233,276],{},[49,130235,130237],{"className":51,"code":130236,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[20,130238,130239,130251,130255,130280],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130240,130241,130243,130245,130247,130249],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130242,32847],{"class":286},[58,130244,290],{"class":77},[58,130246,1450],{"class":939},[58,130248,2205],{"class":943},[58,130250,1456],{"class":939},[58,130252,130253],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130254,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,130256,130257,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267,130269,130271,130273,130275,130277],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,130258,65],{"class":64},[58,130260,69],{"class":68},[58,130262,32868],{"class":239},[58,130264,499],{"class":68},[58,130266,34007],{"class":239},[58,130268,69],{"class":68},[58,130270,940],{"class":939},[58,130272,374],{"class":943},[58,130274,940],{"class":939},[58,130276,3486],{"class":68},[58,130278,130279],{"class":1773},"     # 1\n",[58,130281,130282,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,130283,65],{"class":64},[58,130285,69],{"class":68},[58,130287,32868],{"class":239},[58,130289,499],{"class":68},[58,130291,34007],{"class":239},[58,130293,69],{"class":68},[58,130295,940],{"class":939},[58,130297,121622],{"class":943},[58,130299,940],{"class":939},[58,130301,3486],{"class":68},[58,130303,130304],{"class":1773},"    # 2\n",[16,130306,246],{},[28,130308,130309,130315],{},[31,130310,130311,126742,130313],{},[20,130312,16247],{},[20,130314,1079],{},[31,130316,130317,126742,130319],{},[20,130318,126741],{},[20,130320,117],{},[16,130322,130323],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[49,130325,130327],{"className":51,"code":130326,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[20,130328,130329,130341,130345,130369],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130330,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130332,32847],{"class":286},[58,130334,290],{"class":77},[58,130336,1450],{"class":939},[58,130338,33027],{"class":943},[58,130340,1456],{"class":939},[58,130342,130343],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130344,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,130346,130347,130349,130351,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365,130367],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,130348,65],{"class":64},[58,130350,69],{"class":68},[58,130352,32868],{"class":239},[58,130354,499],{"class":68},[58,130356,34007],{"class":239},[58,130358,69],{"class":68},[58,130360,940],{"class":939},[58,130362,49361],{"class":943},[58,130364,940],{"class":939},[58,130366,3486],{"class":68},[58,130368,18920],{"class":1773},[58,130370,130371],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,130372,130373],{"class":1773},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[44,130375,222],{"id":221},[16,130377,225],{},[49,130379,130381],{"className":51,"code":130380,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[20,130382,130383],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130384,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130386,59347],{"class":286},[58,130388,499],{"class":68},[58,130390,34007],{"class":239},[58,130392,69],{"class":68},[58,130394,553],{"class":239},[58,130396,1082],{"class":68},[58,130398,34213],{"class":239},[58,130400,1082],{"class":68},[58,130402,63214],{"class":239},[58,130404,243],{"class":68},[16,130406,130407],{},"Parameters:",[28,130409,130410,130414,130418],{},[31,130411,130412,121721],{},[20,130413,553],{},[31,130415,130416,126788],{},[20,130417,34234],{},[31,130419,130420,130422],{},[20,130421,50831],{},": optional stopping position",[16,130424,130425],{},"You can use just the value:",[49,130427,130429],{"className":51,"code":130428,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[20,130430,130431,130443],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130432,130433,130435,130437,130439,130441],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130434,32847],{"class":286},[58,130436,290],{"class":77},[58,130438,1450],{"class":939},[58,130440,53],{"class":943},[58,130442,1456],{"class":939},[58,130444,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130446,65],{"class":64},[58,130448,69],{"class":68},[58,130450,32868],{"class":239},[58,130452,499],{"class":68},[58,130454,34007],{"class":239},[58,130456,69],{"class":68},[58,130458,940],{"class":939},[58,130460,61460],{"class":943},[58,130462,940],{"class":939},[58,130464,3486],{"class":68},[58,130466,49585],{"class":1773},[16,130468,130469],{},"Or include a start position:",[49,130471,130473],{"className":51,"code":130472,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[20,130474,130475,130487],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130476,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130478,32847],{"class":286},[58,130480,290],{"class":77},[58,130482,1450],{"class":939},[58,130484,2205],{"class":943},[58,130486,1456],{"class":939},[58,130488,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507,130509,130511,130513],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130490,65],{"class":64},[58,130492,69],{"class":68},[58,130494,32868],{"class":239},[58,130496,499],{"class":68},[58,130498,34007],{"class":239},[58,130500,69],{"class":68},[58,130502,940],{"class":939},[58,130504,374],{"class":943},[58,130506,940],{"class":939},[58,130508,1082],{"class":68},[58,130510,1085],{"class":81},[58,130512,3486],{"class":68},[58,130514,48940],{"class":1773},[16,130516,130517,130518,2512,130520,973],{},"Or include both ",[20,130519,34234],{},[20,130521,50831],{},[49,130523,130525],{"className":51,"code":130524,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[20,130526,130527,130539],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130528,130529,130531,130533,130535,130537],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130530,32847],{"class":286},[58,130532,290],{"class":77},[58,130534,1450],{"class":939},[58,130536,2205],{"class":943},[58,130538,1456],{"class":939},[58,130540,130541,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130542,65],{"class":64},[58,130544,69],{"class":68},[58,130546,32868],{"class":239},[58,130548,499],{"class":68},[58,130550,34007],{"class":239},[58,130552,69],{"class":68},[58,130554,940],{"class":939},[58,130556,374],{"class":943},[58,130558,940],{"class":939},[58,130560,1082],{"class":68},[58,130562,1085],{"class":81},[58,130564,1082],{"class":68},[58,130566,2725],{"class":81},[58,130568,3486],{"class":68},[58,130570,48940],{"class":1773},[44,130572,36184],{"id":36183},[16,130574,26864,130575,130577,130578,499],{},[20,130576,57140],{}," is a ",[1855,130579,130580],{},"zero-based index",[16,130582,170],{},[28,130584,130585,130591,130596],{},[31,130586,130587,130588,130590],{},"Index ",[20,130589,183],{}," is the first character",[31,130592,130587,130593,130595],{},[20,130594,1079],{}," is the second character",[31,130597,130587,130598,130600],{},[20,130599,117],{}," is the third character",[16,130602,276],{},[49,130604,130606],{"className":51,"code":130605,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[20,130607,130608,130620,130624,130648,130672],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130609,130610,130612,130614,130616,130618],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130611,32847],{"class":286},[58,130613,290],{"class":77},[58,130615,1450],{"class":939},[58,130617,35210],{"class":943},[58,130619,1456],{"class":939},[58,130621,130622],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130623,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,130625,130626,130628,130630,130632,130634,130636,130638,130640,130642,130644,130646],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,130627,65],{"class":64},[58,130629,69],{"class":68},[58,130631,32868],{"class":239},[58,130633,499],{"class":68},[58,130635,34007],{"class":239},[58,130637,69],{"class":68},[58,130639,940],{"class":939},[58,130641,7878],{"class":943},[58,130643,940],{"class":939},[58,130645,3486],{"class":68},[58,130647,49417],{"class":1773},[58,130649,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,130651,65],{"class":64},[58,130653,69],{"class":68},[58,130655,32868],{"class":239},[58,130657,499],{"class":68},[58,130659,34007],{"class":239},[58,130661,69],{"class":68},[58,130663,940],{"class":939},[58,130665,374],{"class":943},[58,130667,940],{"class":939},[58,130669,3486],{"class":68},[58,130671,25935],{"class":1773},[58,130673,130674,130676,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,130675,65],{"class":64},[58,130677,69],{"class":68},[58,130679,32868],{"class":239},[58,130681,499],{"class":68},[58,130683,34007],{"class":239},[58,130685,69],{"class":68},[58,130687,940],{"class":939},[58,130689,61460],{"class":943},[58,130691,940],{"class":939},[58,130693,3486],{"class":68},[58,130695,49585],{"class":1773},[16,130697,130698,130700,130701,130703],{},[20,130699,57140],{}," returns only the ",[1855,130702,28065],{}," matching position.",[49,130705,130707],{"className":51,"code":130706,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[20,130708,130709,130721],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130710,130711,130713,130715,130717,130719],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130712,32847],{"class":286},[58,130714,290],{"class":77},[58,130716,1450],{"class":939},[58,130718,2205],{"class":943},[58,130720,1456],{"class":939},[58,130722,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130724,65],{"class":64},[58,130726,69],{"class":68},[58,130728,32868],{"class":239},[58,130730,499],{"class":68},[58,130732,34007],{"class":239},[58,130734,69],{"class":68},[58,130736,940],{"class":939},[58,130738,374],{"class":943},[58,130740,940],{"class":939},[58,130742,3486],{"class":68},[58,130744,25935],{"class":1773},[16,130746,19130,130747,130749],{},[20,130748,16247],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[16,130751,130752,130753,499],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[374,130754,130755,8881],{"href":122979},[20,130756,56762],{},[44,130758,6552,130759,2512,130761],{"id":63580},[20,130760,34234],{},[20,130762,50831],{},[16,130764,18,130765,2512,130767,130769],{},[20,130766,34234],{},[20,130768,50831],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[16,130771,130772],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[16,130774,44208,130775,973],{},[20,130776,34234],{},[49,130778,130780],{"className":51,"code":130779,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[20,130781,130782,130794,130798,130822,130850],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130783,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130785,32847],{"class":286},[58,130787,290],{"class":77},[58,130789,1450],{"class":939},[58,130791,2205],{"class":943},[58,130793,1456],{"class":939},[58,130795,130796],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130797,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,130799,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,130801,65],{"class":64},[58,130803,69],{"class":68},[58,130805,32868],{"class":239},[58,130807,499],{"class":68},[58,130809,34007],{"class":239},[58,130811,69],{"class":68},[58,130813,940],{"class":939},[58,130815,374],{"class":943},[58,130817,940],{"class":939},[58,130819,3486],{"class":68},[58,130821,49290],{"class":1773},[58,130823,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,130825,65],{"class":64},[58,130827,69],{"class":68},[58,130829,32868],{"class":239},[58,130831,499],{"class":68},[58,130833,34007],{"class":239},[58,130835,69],{"class":68},[58,130837,940],{"class":939},[58,130839,374],{"class":943},[58,130841,940],{"class":939},[58,130843,1082],{"class":68},[58,130845,1085],{"class":81},[58,130847,3486],{"class":68},[58,130849,49139],{"class":1773},[58,130851,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,130853,65],{"class":64},[58,130855,69],{"class":68},[58,130857,32868],{"class":239},[58,130859,499],{"class":68},[58,130861,34007],{"class":239},[58,130863,69],{"class":68},[58,130865,940],{"class":939},[58,130867,374],{"class":943},[58,130869,940],{"class":939},[58,130871,1082],{"class":68},[58,130873,537],{"class":81},[58,130875,3486],{"class":68},[58,130877,48923],{"class":1773},[16,130879,18109],{},[28,130881,130882,130889,130895],{},[31,130883,130884,130885,63770,130887],{},"The first search finds the first ",[20,130886,16247],{},[20,130888,1079],{},[31,130890,130891,130892,130894],{},"Starting at index ",[20,130893,117],{}," skips that first match",[31,130896,130891,130897,130899,130900],{},[20,130898,586],{}," finds the last ",[20,130901,16247],{},[16,130903,44208,130904,973],{},[20,130905,50831],{},[49,130907,130909],{"className":51,"code":130908,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[20,130910,130911,130923,130927],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130912,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130914,32847],{"class":286},[58,130916,290],{"class":77},[58,130918,1450],{"class":939},[58,130920,2205],{"class":943},[58,130922,1456],{"class":939},[58,130924,130925],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,130926,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,130928,130929,130931,130933,130935,130937,130939,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130957],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,130930,65],{"class":64},[58,130932,69],{"class":68},[58,130934,32868],{"class":239},[58,130936,499],{"class":68},[58,130938,34007],{"class":239},[58,130940,69],{"class":68},[58,130942,940],{"class":939},[58,130944,74204],{"class":943},[58,130946,940],{"class":939},[58,130948,1082],{"class":68},[58,130950,1947],{"class":81},[58,130952,1082],{"class":68},[58,130954,537],{"class":81},[58,130956,3486],{"class":68},[58,130958,49585],{"class":1773},[16,130960,130961],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[16,130963,130964],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[44,130966,42380,130968,130970],{"id":130967},"when-index-causes-an-error",[20,130969,57140],{}," causes an error",[16,130972,130973,130974,50665,130976,499],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[20,130975,57140],{},[20,130977,38869],{},[16,130979,276],{},[49,130981,130983],{"className":51,"code":130982,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[20,130984,130985,130997],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,130986,130987,130989,130991,130993,130995],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,130988,32847],{"class":286},[58,130990,290],{"class":77},[58,130992,1450],{"class":939},[58,130994,1959],{"class":943},[58,130996,1456],{"class":939},[58,130998,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131000,65],{"class":64},[58,131002,69],{"class":68},[58,131004,32868],{"class":239},[58,131006,499],{"class":68},[58,131008,34007],{"class":239},[58,131010,69],{"class":68},[58,131012,940],{"class":939},[58,131014,20230],{"class":943},[58,131016,940],{"class":939},[58,131018,85],{"class":68},[16,131020,132],{},[49,131022,131024],{"className":51,"code":131023,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[20,131025,131026],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131027,131028,131030,131032,131035,131037],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131029,38869],{"class":991},[58,131031,973],{"class":68},[58,131033,131034],{"class":286}," substring ",[58,131036,2751],{"class":77},[58,131038,64003],{"class":286},[16,131040,51512,131041,124495,131046,131048],{},[374,131042,131043],{"href":128173},[20,131044,131045],{},"str.find()",[20,131047,64028],{}," instead of raising an error.",[16,131050,131051,131052,2512,131054,973],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[20,131053,27960],{},[20,131055,27991],{},[49,131057,131059],{"className":51,"code":131058,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[20,131060,131061,131073,131077,131083,131106,131116,131124],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131062,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131064,32847],{"class":286},[58,131066,290],{"class":77},[58,131068,1450],{"class":939},[58,131070,1959],{"class":943},[58,131072,1456],{"class":939},[58,131074,131075],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131076,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,131078,131079,131081],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,131080,27960],{"class":1991},[58,131082,4521],{"class":68},[58,131084,131085,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,131086,131087],{"class":286},"    position ",[58,131089,290],{"class":77},[58,131091,41008],{"class":286},[58,131093,499],{"class":68},[58,131095,34007],{"class":239},[58,131097,69],{"class":68},[58,131099,940],{"class":939},[58,131101,20230],{"class":943},[58,131103,940],{"class":939},[58,131105,243],{"class":68},[58,131107,131108,131110,131112,131114],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,131109,6202],{"class":64},[58,131111,69],{"class":68},[58,131113,63120],{"class":239},[58,131115,243],{"class":68},[58,131117,131118,131120,131122],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,131119,27991],{"class":1991},[58,131121,40092],{"class":991},[58,131123,4521],{"class":68},[58,131125,131126,131128,131130,131132,131135,131137],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,131127,6202],{"class":64},[58,131129,69],{"class":68},[58,131131,940],{"class":939},[58,131133,131134],{"class":943},"Substring not found",[58,131136,940],{"class":939},[58,131138,243],{"class":68},[16,131140,131141],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[16,131143,40112,131144,499],{},[374,131145,23834,131147],{"href":131146},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[20,131148,127500],{},[44,131150,131152,8725,131154],{"id":131151},"index-vs-find",[20,131153,57140],{},[20,131155,122524],{},[16,131157,131158,2512,131160,131162],{},[20,131159,57140],{},[20,131161,122524],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[617,131164,131165],{"id":34007},[20,131166,57140],{},[28,131168,131169,131172],{},[31,131170,131171],{},"Returns the first match position",[31,131173,131174],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[49,131176,131178],{"className":51,"code":131177,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[20,131179,131180,131192,131216],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131181,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131183,32847],{"class":286},[58,131185,290],{"class":77},[58,131187,1450],{"class":939},[58,131189,1959],{"class":943},[58,131191,1456],{"class":939},[58,131193,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131195,65],{"class":64},[58,131197,69],{"class":68},[58,131199,32868],{"class":239},[58,131201,499],{"class":68},[58,131203,34007],{"class":239},[58,131205,69],{"class":68},[58,131207,940],{"class":939},[58,131209,58620],{"class":943},[58,131211,940],{"class":939},[58,131213,3486],{"class":68},[58,131215,25935],{"class":1773},[58,131217,131218],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,131219,131220],{"class":1773},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[617,131222,131223],{"id":126554},[20,131224,122524],{},[28,131226,131227,131229],{},[31,131228,131171],{},[31,131230,9566,131231,131233],{},[20,131232,64028],{}," if nothing is found",[49,131235,131237],{"className":51,"code":131236,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[20,131238,131239,131251,131275],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131240,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131242,32847],{"class":286},[58,131244,290],{"class":77},[58,131246,1450],{"class":939},[58,131248,1959],{"class":943},[58,131250,1456],{"class":939},[58,131252,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131254,65],{"class":64},[58,131256,69],{"class":68},[58,131258,32868],{"class":239},[58,131260,499],{"class":68},[58,131262,126554],{"class":239},[58,131264,69],{"class":68},[58,131266,940],{"class":939},[58,131268,58620],{"class":943},[58,131270,940],{"class":939},[58,131272,3486],{"class":68},[58,131274,25935],{"class":1773},[58,131276,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,131278,65],{"class":64},[58,131280,69],{"class":68},[58,131282,32868],{"class":239},[58,131284,499],{"class":68},[58,131286,126554],{"class":239},[58,131288,69],{"class":68},[58,131290,940],{"class":939},[58,131292,20230],{"class":943},[58,131294,940],{"class":939},[58,131296,3486],{"class":68},[58,131298,126910],{"class":1773},[16,131300,155,131301,131303],{},[20,131302,57140],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[16,131305,155,131306,131308],{},[20,131307,122524],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[16,131310,131311,131312,966,131317,499],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[374,131313,131314,131316],{"href":128173},[20,131315,131045],{}," method reference",[374,131318,125565],{"href":131319},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[44,131321,914],{"id":913},[16,131323,131324,131325,973],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[20,131326,57140],{},[28,131328,131329,131332,131339,131344,131349],{},[31,131330,131331],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[31,131333,6588,131334,6591,131336,131338],{},[20,131335,57140],{},[20,131337,64028],{}," when no match exists",[31,131340,6552,131341,131343],{},[20,131342,57140],{}," on a value that may not be present",[31,131345,131346,131347],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[20,131348,1079],{},[31,131350,2699,131351,131353],{},[20,131352,57140],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[16,131355,60468],{},[49,131357,131359],{"className":51,"code":131358,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[20,131360,131361,131371,131385,131407,131429],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131362,131363,131365,131367,131369],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131364,65],{"class":64},[58,131366,69],{"class":68},[58,131368,32868],{"class":239},[58,131370,243],{"class":68},[58,131372,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131374,65],{"class":64},[58,131376,69],{"class":68},[58,131378,39945],{"class":64},[58,131380,69],{"class":68},[58,131382,32868],{"class":239},[58,131384,85],{"class":68},[58,131386,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,131388,65],{"class":64},[58,131390,69],{"class":68},[58,131392,32868],{"class":239},[58,131394,499],{"class":68},[58,131396,34007],{"class":239},[58,131398,69],{"class":68},[58,131400,940],{"class":939},[58,131402,553],{"class":943},[58,131404,940],{"class":939},[58,131406,85],{"class":68},[58,131408,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,131410,65],{"class":64},[58,131412,69],{"class":68},[58,131414,32868],{"class":239},[58,131416,499],{"class":68},[58,131418,126554],{"class":239},[58,131420,69],{"class":68},[58,131422,940],{"class":939},[58,131424,553],{"class":943},[58,131426,940],{"class":939},[58,131428,85],{"class":68},[58,131430,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441,131443,131445,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,131432,65],{"class":64},[58,131434,69],{"class":68},[58,131436,32868],{"class":239},[58,131438,499],{"class":68},[58,131440,34007],{"class":239},[58,131442,69],{"class":68},[58,131444,940],{"class":939},[58,131446,553],{"class":943},[58,131448,940],{"class":939},[58,131450,1082],{"class":68},[58,131452,34213],{"class":239},[58,131454,1082],{"class":68},[58,131456,63214],{"class":239},[58,131458,85],{"class":68},[16,131460,131461],{},"Tips:",[28,131463,131464,131469,131474,131477],{},[31,131465,155,131466,131468],{},[20,131467,124451],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[31,131470,155,131471,131473],{},[20,131472,122524],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[31,131475,131476],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[31,131478,131479,131480],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[20,131481,183],{},[44,131483,1555],{"id":1554},[617,131485,128033,131487,10861],{"id":131486},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[20,131488,57140],{},[16,131490,131491],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[617,131493,131495],{"id":131494},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[16,131497,75032,131498,499],{},[20,131499,38869],{},[617,131501,3303,131503,2512,131505,573],{"id":131502},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[20,131504,57140],{},[20,131506,122524],{},[16,131508,131509,131511,131512,475,131514,4760],{},[20,131510,57140],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[20,131513,122524],{},[20,131515,64028],{},[617,131517,3293,131519,131521],{"id":131518},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[20,131520,57140],{}," search for more than one character?",[16,131523,131524],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[617,131526,131528,131529,122865],{"id":131527},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[20,131530,57140],{},[16,131532,128058],{},[44,131534,1603],{"id":1602},[28,131536,131537,131543,131547,131552,131558],{},[31,131538,131539],{},[374,131540,131541,8881],{"href":128173},[20,131542,131045],{},[31,131544,131545],{},[374,131546,122928],{"href":131319},[31,131548,131549],{},[374,131550,128134],{"href":131551},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[31,131553,131554],{},[374,131555,131556,8881],{"href":122979},[20,131557,56762],{},[31,131559,131560],{},[374,131561,28504,131562],{"href":131146},[20,131563,127500],{},[1635,131565,131566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":131568},[131569,131570,131572,131573,131574,131575,131577,131582,131583,131594],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":130205,"depth":88,"text":131571},"What str.index() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":36183,"depth":88,"text":36184},{"id":63580,"depth":88,"text":64363},{"id":130967,"depth":88,"text":131576},"When index() causes an error",{"id":131151,"depth":88,"text":131578,"children":131579},"index() vs find()",[131580,131581],{"id":34007,"depth":104,"text":57140},{"id":126554,"depth":104,"text":122524},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":131584},[131585,131587,131588,131590,131592],{"id":131486,"depth":104,"text":131586},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":131494,"depth":104,"text":131495},{"id":131502,"depth":104,"text":131589},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":131518,"depth":104,"text":131591},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":131527,"depth":104,"text":131593},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":130114,"description":131595},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":131602,"title":131603,"body":131604,"description":134379,"extension":1667,"meta":134380,"navigation":318,"path":134381,"seo":134382,"stem":134383,"__hash__":134384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":9,"value":131605,"toc":134315},[131606,131612,131617,131620,131623,131634,131636,131705,131707,131721,131726,131731,131736,131738,131781,131783,131866,131868,131914,131920,131922,131924,131944,131946,131969,131971,132045,132047,132066,132071,132073,132077,132149,132151,132165,132169,132245,132247,132266,132270,132364,132366,132375,132382,132458,132460,132478,132482,132485,132492,132541,132543,132552,132559,132618,132620,132638,132641,132648,132707,132709,132727,132734,132791,132793,132802,132806,132811,132815,132874,132876,132894,132898,132945,132950,132953,133022,133024,133041,133048,133054,133109,133114,133117,133194,133196,133214,133220,133226,133286,133288,133307,133313,133316,133323,133376,133381,133383,133444,133453,133460,133462,133519,133524,133526,133597,133601,133656,133658,133667,133672,133678,133747,133749,133781,133787,133795,133802,133808,133873,133875,133884,133890,133971,133973,133982,133987,134001,134008,134012,134017,134045,134047,134180,134183,134220,134222,134228,134237,134242,134245,134250,134255,134261,134264,134273,134276,134278,134307,134312],[12,131607,121529,131609,9464],{"id":131608},"python-string-join-method",[20,131610,131611],{},"join()",[16,131613,121534,131614,131616],{},[20,131615,131611],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[16,131618,131619],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[16,131621,131622],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[28,131624,131625,131631],{},[31,131626,131627,131628,131630],{},"You call ",[20,131629,131611],{}," on the separator string",[31,131632,131633],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[44,131635,1715],{"id":1714},[49,131637,131639],{"className":51,"code":131638,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[20,131640,131641,131674,131695],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131642,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131670,131672],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131644,2187],{"class":286},[58,131646,290],{"class":77},[58,131648,1730],{"class":68},[58,131650,940],{"class":939},[58,131652,5427],{"class":943},[58,131654,940],{"class":939},[58,131656,1082],{"class":68},[58,131658,1450],{"class":939},[58,131660,10338],{"class":943},[58,131662,940],{"class":939},[58,131664,1082],{"class":68},[58,131666,1450],{"class":939},[58,131668,131669],{"class":943},"fun",[58,131671,940],{"class":939},[58,131673,1743],{"class":68},[58,131675,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686,131689,131691,131693],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131677,301],{"class":286},[58,131679,290],{"class":77},[58,131681,1450],{"class":939},[58,131683,1450],{"class":939},[58,131685,499],{"class":68},[58,131687,131688],{"class":239},"join",[58,131690,69],{"class":68},[58,131692,2231],{"class":239},[58,131694,243],{"class":68},[58,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,131698,65],{"class":64},[58,131700,69],{"class":68},[58,131702,340],{"class":239},[58,131704,243],{"class":68},[16,131706,132],{},[49,131708,131710],{"className":51,"code":131709,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Python is fun\n",[20,131711,131712],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131713,131714,131716,131718],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131715,1681],{"class":286},[58,131717,10338],{"class":77},[58,131719,131720],{"class":286}," fun\n",[16,131722,155,131723,131725],{},[20,131724,131611],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[44,131727,1788,131729,1791],{"id":131728},"what-join-does",[20,131730,131611],{},[16,131732,131733,131735],{},[20,131734,131611],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[16,131737,9601],{},[28,131739,131740,131747,131775,131778],{},[31,131741,131742,131743,131746],{},"It uses the string before ",[20,131744,131745],{},".join()"," as the separator",[31,131748,131749,131750],{},"Common separators are:\n",[28,131751,131752,131758,131764,131770],{},[31,131753,131754,131757],{},[20,131755,131756],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[31,131759,131760,131763],{},[20,131761,131762],{},"\", \""," for commas",[31,131765,131766,131769],{},[20,131767,131768],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[31,131771,131772,131774],{},[20,131773,4399],{}," for no separator",[31,131776,131777],{},"It returns a new string",[31,131779,131780],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[16,131782,276],{},[49,131784,131786],{"className":51,"code":131785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[20,131787,131788,131820,131842,131846,131856],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131789,131790,131792,131794,131796,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131791,2187],{"class":286},[58,131793,290],{"class":77},[58,131795,1730],{"class":68},[58,131797,940],{"class":939},[58,131799,11239],{"class":943},[58,131801,940],{"class":939},[58,131803,1082],{"class":68},[58,131805,1450],{"class":939},[58,131807,15606],{"class":943},[58,131809,940],{"class":939},[58,131811,1082],{"class":68},[58,131813,1450],{"class":939},[58,131815,11256],{"class":943},[58,131817,940],{"class":939},[58,131819,1743],{"class":68},[58,131821,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131823,301],{"class":286},[58,131825,290],{"class":77},[58,131827,1450],{"class":939},[58,131829,257],{"class":943},[58,131831,940],{"class":939},[58,131833,499],{"class":68},[58,131835,131688],{"class":239},[58,131837,69],{"class":68},[58,131839,2231],{"class":239},[58,131841,243],{"class":68},[58,131843,131844],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,131845,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,131847,131848,131850,131852,131854],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,131849,65],{"class":64},[58,131851,69],{"class":68},[58,131853,340],{"class":239},[58,131855,243],{"class":68},[58,131857,131858,131860,131862,131864],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,131859,65],{"class":64},[58,131861,69],{"class":68},[58,131863,2231],{"class":239},[58,131865,243],{"class":68},[16,131867,132],{},[49,131869,131871],{"className":51,"code":131870,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[20,131872,131873,131886],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131874,131875,131877,131879,131882,131884],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131876,11239],{"class":286},[58,131878,1082],{"class":68},[58,131880,131881],{"class":286}," green",[58,131883,1082],{"class":68},[58,131885,34042],{"class":286},[58,131887,131888,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,131889,2016],{"class":68},[58,131891,1396],{"class":939},[58,131893,11239],{"class":943},[58,131895,1396],{"class":939},[58,131897,1082],{"class":68},[58,131899,1391],{"class":939},[58,131901,15606],{"class":943},[58,131903,1396],{"class":939},[58,131905,1082],{"class":68},[58,131907,1391],{"class":939},[58,131909,11256],{"class":943},[58,131911,1396],{"class":939},[58,131913,1743],{"class":68},[16,131915,131916,131917,131919],{},"The list stays the same. ",[20,131918,131611],{}," creates a new string.",[44,131921,222],{"id":221},[16,131923,5348],{},[49,131925,131927],{"className":51,"code":131926,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[20,131928,131929],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131930,131931,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131932,131933],{"class":286},"separator",[58,131935,499],{"class":68},[58,131937,131688],{"class":239},[58,131939,69],{"class":68},[58,131941,1832],{"class":239},[58,131943,243],{"class":68},[617,131945,47179],{"id":47178},[28,131947,131948,131961,131966],{},[31,131949,131950,131952,131953,257,131955,257,131957,261,131959],{},[20,131951,131933],{}," is a string such as ",[20,131954,131756],{},[20,131956,131762],{},[20,131958,131768],{},[20,131960,4399],{},[31,131962,131963,131965],{},[20,131964,1832],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[31,131967,131968],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[16,131970,276],{},[49,131972,131974],{"className":51,"code":131973,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,131975,131976,132008,132031,132035],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,131977,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004,132006],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,131979,3117],{"class":286},[58,131981,290],{"class":77},[58,131983,1730],{"class":68},[58,131985,940],{"class":939},[58,131987,11026],{"class":943},[58,131989,940],{"class":939},[58,131991,1082],{"class":68},[58,131993,1450],{"class":939},[58,131995,34102],{"class":943},[58,131997,940],{"class":939},[58,131999,1082],{"class":68},[58,132001,1450],{"class":939},[58,132003,34111],{"class":943},[58,132005,940],{"class":939},[58,132007,1743],{"class":68},[58,132009,132010,132012,132014,132016,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132011,301],{"class":286},[58,132013,290],{"class":77},[58,132015,1450],{"class":939},[58,132017,132018],{"class":943}," | ",[58,132020,940],{"class":939},[58,132022,499],{"class":68},[58,132024,131688],{"class":239},[58,132026,69],{"class":68},[58,132028,3161],{"class":239},[58,132030,243],{"class":68},[58,132032,132033],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,132034,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,132036,132037,132039,132041,132043],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,132038,65],{"class":64},[58,132040,69],{"class":68},[58,132042,340],{"class":239},[58,132044,243],{"class":68},[16,132046,132],{},[49,132048,132050],{"className":51,"code":132049,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[20,132051,132052],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132053,132054,132057,132059,132062,132064],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132055,132056],{"class":286},"Ana ",[58,132058,112036],{"class":77},[58,132060,132061],{"class":286}," Ben ",[58,132063,112036],{"class":77},[58,132065,34183],{"class":286},[16,132067,132068,132069,499],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[374,132070,123284],{"href":49145},[44,132072,120060],{"id":120059},[617,132074,132076],{"id":132075},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[49,132078,132080],{"className":51,"code":132079,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,132081,132082,132115,132135,132139],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132083,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132111,132113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132085,2187],{"class":286},[58,132087,290],{"class":77},[58,132089,1730],{"class":68},[58,132091,940],{"class":939},[58,132093,5427],{"class":943},[58,132095,940],{"class":939},[58,132097,1082],{"class":68},[58,132099,1450],{"class":939},[58,132101,10338],{"class":943},[58,132103,940],{"class":939},[58,132105,1082],{"class":68},[58,132107,1450],{"class":939},[58,132109,132110],{"class":943},"easy",[58,132112,940],{"class":939},[58,132114,1743],{"class":68},[58,132116,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132118,301],{"class":286},[58,132120,290],{"class":77},[58,132122,1450],{"class":939},[58,132124,1450],{"class":939},[58,132126,499],{"class":68},[58,132128,131688],{"class":239},[58,132130,69],{"class":68},[58,132132,2231],{"class":239},[58,132134,243],{"class":68},[58,132136,132137],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,132138,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,132140,132141,132143,132145,132147],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,132142,65],{"class":64},[58,132144,69],{"class":68},[58,132146,340],{"class":239},[58,132148,243],{"class":68},[16,132150,132],{},[49,132152,132154],{"className":51,"code":132153,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Python is easy\n",[20,132155,132156],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132157,132158,132160,132162],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132159,1681],{"class":286},[58,132161,10338],{"class":77},[58,132163,132164],{"class":286}," easy\n",[617,132166,132168],{"id":132167},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[49,132170,132172],{"className":51,"code":132171,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,132173,132174,132209,132231,132235],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132175,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184,132187,132189,132191,132193,132196,132198,132200,132202,132205,132207],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132177,5911],{"class":286},[58,132179,290],{"class":77},[58,132181,1730],{"class":68},[58,132183,940],{"class":939},[58,132185,132186],{"class":943},"apples",[58,132188,940],{"class":939},[58,132190,1082],{"class":68},[58,132192,1450],{"class":939},[58,132194,132195],{"class":943},"bananas",[58,132197,940],{"class":939},[58,132199,1082],{"class":68},[58,132201,1450],{"class":939},[58,132203,132204],{"class":943},"oranges",[58,132206,940],{"class":939},[58,132208,1743],{"class":68},[58,132210,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132212,301],{"class":286},[58,132214,290],{"class":77},[58,132216,1450],{"class":939},[58,132218,257],{"class":943},[58,132220,940],{"class":939},[58,132222,499],{"class":68},[58,132224,131688],{"class":239},[58,132226,69],{"class":68},[58,132228,5942],{"class":239},[58,132230,243],{"class":68},[58,132232,132233],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,132234,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,132236,132237,132239,132241,132243],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,132238,65],{"class":64},[58,132240,69],{"class":68},[58,132242,340],{"class":239},[58,132244,243],{"class":68},[16,132246,132],{},[49,132248,132250],{"className":51,"code":132249,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[20,132251,132252],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132253,132254,132256,132258,132261,132263],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132255,132186],{"class":286},[58,132257,1082],{"class":68},[58,132259,132260],{"class":286}," bananas",[58,132262,1082],{"class":68},[58,132264,132265],{"class":286}," oranges\n",[617,132267,132269],{"id":132268},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[49,132271,132273],{"className":51,"code":132272,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,132274,132275,132332,132350,132354],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132276,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132278,34252],{"class":286},[58,132280,290],{"class":77},[58,132282,1730],{"class":68},[58,132284,940],{"class":939},[58,132286,132287],{"class":943},"P",[58,132289,940],{"class":939},[58,132291,1082],{"class":68},[58,132293,1450],{"class":939},[58,132295,9889],{"class":943},[58,132297,940],{"class":939},[58,132299,1082],{"class":68},[58,132301,1450],{"class":939},[58,132303,61460],{"class":943},[58,132305,940],{"class":939},[58,132307,1082],{"class":68},[58,132309,1450],{"class":939},[58,132311,58611],{"class":943},[58,132313,940],{"class":939},[58,132315,1082],{"class":68},[58,132317,1450],{"class":939},[58,132319,58646],{"class":943},[58,132321,940],{"class":939},[58,132323,1082],{"class":68},[58,132325,1450],{"class":939},[58,132327,74204],{"class":943},[58,132329,940],{"class":939},[58,132331,1743],{"class":68},[58,132333,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132335,301],{"class":286},[58,132337,290],{"class":77},[58,132339,4253],{"class":939},[58,132341,499],{"class":68},[58,132343,131688],{"class":239},[58,132345,69],{"class":68},[58,132347,34305],{"class":239},[58,132349,243],{"class":68},[58,132351,132352],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,132353,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,132355,132356,132358,132360,132362],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,132357,65],{"class":64},[58,132359,69],{"class":68},[58,132361,340],{"class":239},[58,132363,243],{"class":68},[16,132365,132],{},[49,132367,132369],{"className":51,"code":132368,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Python\n",[20,132370,132371],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132372,132373],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132374,132368],{"class":286},[617,132376,132378,132379,132381],{"id":132377},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[20,132380,131611],{}," returns the result",[49,132383,132385],{"className":51,"code":132384,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[20,132386,132387,132420,132443,132447],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132388,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132416,132418],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132390,2187],{"class":286},[58,132392,290],{"class":77},[58,132394,1730],{"class":68},[58,132396,940],{"class":939},[58,132398,4714],{"class":943},[58,132400,940],{"class":939},[58,132402,1082],{"class":68},[58,132404,1450],{"class":939},[58,132406,77445],{"class":943},[58,132408,940],{"class":939},[58,132410,1082],{"class":68},[58,132412,1450],{"class":939},[58,132414,132415],{"class":943},"three",[58,132417,940],{"class":939},[58,132419,1743],{"class":68},[58,132421,132422,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132423,132424],{"class":286},"joined_text ",[58,132426,290],{"class":77},[58,132428,1450],{"class":939},[58,132430,78],{"class":943},[58,132432,940],{"class":939},[58,132434,499],{"class":68},[58,132436,131688],{"class":239},[58,132438,69],{"class":68},[58,132440,2231],{"class":239},[58,132442,243],{"class":68},[58,132444,132445],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,132446,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,132448,132449,132451,132453,132456],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,132450,65],{"class":64},[58,132452,69],{"class":68},[58,132454,132455],{"class":239},"joined_text",[58,132457,243],{"class":68},[16,132459,132],{},[49,132461,132463],{"className":51,"code":132462,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"one-two-three\n",[20,132464,132465],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132466,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132468,4714],{"class":286},[58,132470,78],{"class":77},[58,132472,77445],{"class":286},[58,132474,78],{"class":77},[58,132476,132477],{"class":286},"three\n",[44,132479,132481],{"id":132480},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[16,132483,132484],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[617,132486,132488,132491],{"id":132487},"join-adds-spaces",[20,132489,132490],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[49,132493,132495],{"className":51,"code":132494,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[20,132496,132497,132521],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132498,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132500,2187],{"class":286},[58,132502,290],{"class":77},[58,132504,1730],{"class":68},[58,132506,940],{"class":939},[58,132508,1959],{"class":943},[58,132510,940],{"class":939},[58,132512,1082],{"class":68},[58,132514,1450],{"class":939},[58,132516,58764],{"class":943},[58,132518,940],{"class":939},[58,132520,1743],{"class":68},[58,132522,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132524,65],{"class":64},[58,132526,69],{"class":68},[58,132528,940],{"class":939},[58,132530,1450],{"class":939},[58,132532,499],{"class":68},[58,132534,131688],{"class":239},[58,132536,69],{"class":68},[58,132538,2231],{"class":239},[58,132540,85],{"class":68},[16,132542,132],{},[49,132544,132546],{"className":51,"code":132545,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"hello world\n",[20,132547,132548],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132549,132550],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132551,132545],{"class":286},[617,132553,132555,132558],{"id":132554},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[20,132556,132557],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[49,132560,132562],{"className":51,"code":132561,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[20,132563,132564,132596],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132565,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132567,11222],{"class":286},[58,132569,290],{"class":77},[58,132571,1730],{"class":68},[58,132573,940],{"class":939},[58,132575,11239],{"class":943},[58,132577,940],{"class":939},[58,132579,1082],{"class":68},[58,132581,1450],{"class":939},[58,132583,11256],{"class":943},[58,132585,940],{"class":939},[58,132587,1082],{"class":68},[58,132589,1450],{"class":939},[58,132591,15606],{"class":943},[58,132593,940],{"class":939},[58,132595,1743],{"class":68},[58,132597,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132599,65],{"class":64},[58,132601,69],{"class":68},[58,132603,940],{"class":939},[58,132605,257],{"class":943},[58,132607,940],{"class":939},[58,132609,499],{"class":68},[58,132611,131688],{"class":239},[58,132613,69],{"class":68},[58,132615,15653],{"class":239},[58,132617,85],{"class":68},[16,132619,132],{},[49,132621,132623],{"className":51,"code":132622,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"red, blue, green\n",[20,132624,132625],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132626,132627,132629,132631,132634,132636],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132628,11239],{"class":286},[58,132630,1082],{"class":68},[58,132632,132633],{"class":286}," blue",[58,132635,1082],{"class":68},[58,132637,34035],{"class":286},[16,132639,132640],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[617,132642,132644,132647],{"id":132643},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[20,132645,132646],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[49,132649,132651],{"className":51,"code":132650,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[20,132652,132653,132685],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132654,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132656,41003],{"class":286},[58,132658,290],{"class":77},[58,132660,1730],{"class":68},[58,132662,940],{"class":939},[58,132664,53],{"class":943},[58,132666,940],{"class":939},[58,132668,1082],{"class":68},[58,132670,1450],{"class":939},[58,132672,59347],{"class":943},[58,132674,940],{"class":939},[58,132676,1082],{"class":68},[58,132678,1450],{"class":939},[58,132680,131688],{"class":943},[58,132682,940],{"class":939},[58,132684,1743],{"class":68},[58,132686,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132688,65],{"class":64},[58,132690,69],{"class":68},[58,132692,940],{"class":939},[58,132694,78],{"class":943},[58,132696,940],{"class":939},[58,132698,499],{"class":68},[58,132700,131688],{"class":239},[58,132702,69],{"class":68},[58,132704,41035],{"class":239},[58,132706,85],{"class":68},[16,132708,132],{},[49,132710,132712],{"className":51,"code":132711,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"python-string-join\n",[20,132713,132714],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132715,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132717,53],{"class":286},[58,132719,78],{"class":77},[58,132721,59347],{"class":286},[58,132723,78],{"class":77},[58,132725,132726],{"class":286},"join\n",[617,132728,132730,132733],{"id":132729},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[20,132731,132732],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[49,132735,132737],{"className":51,"code":132736,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[20,132738,132739,132772],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132740,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132768,132770],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132742,111108],{"class":286},[58,132744,290],{"class":77},[58,132746,1730],{"class":68},[58,132748,940],{"class":939},[58,132750,20398],{"class":943},[58,132752,940],{"class":939},[58,132754,1082],{"class":68},[58,132756,1450],{"class":939},[58,132758,28757],{"class":943},[58,132760,940],{"class":939},[58,132762,1082],{"class":68},[58,132764,1450],{"class":939},[58,132766,132767],{"class":943},"C",[58,132769,940],{"class":939},[58,132771,1743],{"class":68},[58,132773,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132789],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132775,65],{"class":64},[58,132777,69],{"class":68},[58,132779,4399],{"class":939},[58,132781,499],{"class":68},[58,132783,131688],{"class":239},[58,132785,69],{"class":68},[58,132787,132788],{"class":239},"chars",[58,132790,85],{"class":68},[16,132792,132],{},[49,132794,132796],{"className":51,"code":132795,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ABC\n",[20,132797,132798],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132799,132800],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132801,132795],{"class":32612},[44,132803,132805],{"id":132804},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[16,132807,132808,132810],{},[20,132809,131611],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[617,132812,132814],{"id":132813},"this-works","This works",[49,132816,132818],{"className":51,"code":132817,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[20,132819,132820,132852],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132821,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132823,1936],{"class":286},[58,132825,290],{"class":77},[58,132827,1730],{"class":68},[58,132829,940],{"class":939},[58,132831,408],{"class":943},[58,132833,940],{"class":939},[58,132835,1082],{"class":68},[58,132837,1450],{"class":939},[58,132839,13903],{"class":943},[58,132841,940],{"class":939},[58,132843,1082],{"class":68},[58,132845,1450],{"class":939},[58,132847,35004],{"class":943},[58,132849,940],{"class":939},[58,132851,1743],{"class":68},[58,132853,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132855,65],{"class":64},[58,132857,69],{"class":68},[58,132859,940],{"class":939},[58,132861,257],{"class":943},[58,132863,940],{"class":939},[58,132865,499],{"class":68},[58,132867,131688],{"class":239},[58,132869,69],{"class":68},[58,132871,3483],{"class":239},[58,132873,85],{"class":68},[16,132875,132],{},[49,132877,132879],{"className":51,"code":132878,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"10, 20, 30\n",[20,132880,132881],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132882,132883,132885,132887,132889,132891],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132884,408],{"class":81},[58,132886,1082],{"class":68},[58,132888,5922],{"class":81},[58,132890,1082],{"class":68},[58,132892,132893],{"class":81}," 30\n",[617,132895,132897],{"id":132896},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[49,132899,132901],{"className":51,"code":132900,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[20,132902,132903,132923],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132904,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132906,1936],{"class":286},[58,132908,290],{"class":77},[58,132910,1730],{"class":68},[58,132912,1079],{"class":81},[58,132914,1082],{"class":68},[58,132916,1085],{"class":81},[58,132918,1082],{"class":68},[58,132920,531],{"class":81},[58,132922,1743],{"class":68},[58,132924,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132926,65],{"class":64},[58,132928,69],{"class":68},[58,132930,940],{"class":939},[58,132932,257],{"class":943},[58,132934,940],{"class":939},[58,132936,499],{"class":68},[58,132938,131688],{"class":239},[58,132940,69],{"class":68},[58,132942,3483],{"class":239},[58,132944,85],{"class":68},[16,132946,88485,132947,132949],{},[20,132948,1098],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[16,132951,132952],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[49,132954,132956],{"className":51,"code":132955,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,132957,132958,132978,133008,133012],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,132959,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,132961,1936],{"class":286},[58,132963,290],{"class":77},[58,132965,1730],{"class":68},[58,132967,1079],{"class":81},[58,132969,1082],{"class":68},[58,132971,1085],{"class":81},[58,132973,1082],{"class":68},[58,132975,531],{"class":81},[58,132977,1743],{"class":68},[58,132979,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,132981,301],{"class":286},[58,132983,290],{"class":77},[58,132985,1450],{"class":939},[58,132987,257],{"class":943},[58,132989,940],{"class":939},[58,132991,499],{"class":68},[58,132993,131688],{"class":239},[58,132995,69],{"class":68},[58,132997,38024],{"class":64},[58,132999,69],{"class":68},[58,133001,1542],{"class":991},[58,133003,1082],{"class":68},[58,133005,2001],{"class":239},[58,133007,85],{"class":68},[58,133009,133010],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,133011,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,133013,133014,133016,133018,133020],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,133015,65],{"class":64},[58,133017,69],{"class":68},[58,133019,340],{"class":239},[58,133021,243],{"class":68},[16,133023,132],{},[49,133025,133027],{"className":51,"code":133026,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"1, 2, 3\n",[20,133028,133029],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133030,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133032,1079],{"class":81},[58,133034,1082],{"class":68},[58,133036,1085],{"class":81},[58,133038,1082],{"class":68},[58,133040,660],{"class":81},[16,133042,133043,133044,499],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[374,133045,1681,133046,1612],{"href":40341},[20,133047,45852],{},[617,133049,133051,133053],{"id":133050},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[20,133052,1891],{}," values do not work directly",[49,133055,133057],{"className":51,"code":133056,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[20,133058,133059,133087],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133060,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133062,1936],{"class":286},[58,133064,290],{"class":77},[58,133066,1730],{"class":68},[58,133068,940],{"class":939},[58,133070,2196],{"class":943},[58,133072,940],{"class":939},[58,133074,1082],{"class":68},[58,133076,1967],{"class":1966},[58,133078,1082],{"class":68},[58,133080,1450],{"class":939},[58,133082,2205],{"class":943},[58,133084,940],{"class":939},[58,133086,1743],{"class":68},[58,133088,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105,133107],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133090,65],{"class":64},[58,133092,69],{"class":68},[58,133094,940],{"class":939},[58,133096,257],{"class":943},[58,133098,940],{"class":939},[58,133100,499],{"class":68},[58,133102,131688],{"class":239},[58,133104,69],{"class":68},[58,133106,3483],{"class":239},[58,133108,85],{"class":68},[16,133110,133111,133112,499],{},"This also causes a ",[20,133113,1098],{},[16,133115,133116],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[49,133118,133120],{"className":51,"code":133119,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,133121,133122,133150,133180,133184],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133123,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133125,1936],{"class":286},[58,133127,290],{"class":77},[58,133129,1730],{"class":68},[58,133131,940],{"class":939},[58,133133,2196],{"class":943},[58,133135,940],{"class":939},[58,133137,1082],{"class":68},[58,133139,1967],{"class":1966},[58,133141,1082],{"class":68},[58,133143,1450],{"class":939},[58,133145,2205],{"class":943},[58,133147,940],{"class":939},[58,133149,1743],{"class":68},[58,133151,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133153,301],{"class":286},[58,133155,290],{"class":77},[58,133157,1450],{"class":939},[58,133159,257],{"class":943},[58,133161,940],{"class":939},[58,133163,499],{"class":68},[58,133165,131688],{"class":239},[58,133167,69],{"class":68},[58,133169,38024],{"class":64},[58,133171,69],{"class":68},[58,133173,1542],{"class":991},[58,133175,1082],{"class":68},[58,133177,2001],{"class":239},[58,133179,85],{"class":68},[58,133181,133182],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,133183,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,133185,133186,133188,133190,133192],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,133187,65],{"class":64},[58,133189,69],{"class":68},[58,133191,340],{"class":239},[58,133193,243],{"class":68},[16,133195,132],{},[49,133197,133199],{"className":51,"code":133198,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"apple, None, banana\n",[20,133200,133201],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133202,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133204,2196],{"class":286},[58,133206,1082],{"class":68},[58,133208,1967],{"class":1966},[58,133210,1082],{"class":68},[58,133212,133213],{"class":286}," banana\n",[16,133215,133216,133217,133219],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[20,133218,1891],{}," values instead of converting them.",[617,133221,133223,133225],{"id":133222},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[20,133224,131611],{}," also works with tuples",[49,133227,133229],{"className":51,"code":133228,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[20,133230,133231,133263],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133232,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133234,3117],{"class":286},[58,133236,290],{"class":77},[58,133238,7374],{"class":68},[58,133240,940],{"class":939},[58,133242,5808],{"class":943},[58,133244,940],{"class":939},[58,133246,1082],{"class":68},[58,133248,1450],{"class":939},[58,133250,129617],{"class":943},[58,133252,940],{"class":939},[58,133254,1082],{"class":68},[58,133256,1450],{"class":939},[58,133258,6054],{"class":943},[58,133260,940],{"class":939},[58,133262,243],{"class":68},[58,133264,133265,133267,133269,133271,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133266,65],{"class":64},[58,133268,69],{"class":68},[58,133270,940],{"class":939},[58,133272,133273],{"class":943}," \u002F ",[58,133275,940],{"class":939},[58,133277,499],{"class":68},[58,133279,131688],{"class":239},[58,133281,69],{"class":68},[58,133283,3161],{"class":239},[58,133285,85],{"class":68},[16,133287,132],{},[49,133289,133291],{"className":51,"code":133290,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[20,133292,133293],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133294,133295,133298,133300,133303,133305],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133296,133297],{"class":286},"Sam ",[58,133299,125421],{"class":77},[58,133301,133302],{"class":286}," Lee ",[58,133304,125421],{"class":77},[58,133306,20487],{"class":286},[44,133308,133310,133311],{"id":133309},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[20,133312,131611],{},[16,133314,133315],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[617,133317,133319,133320,133322],{"id":133318},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[20,133321,1098],{}," because not all items are strings",[49,133324,133326],{"className":51,"code":133325,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[20,133327,133328,133356],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133329,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133331,5911],{"class":286},[58,133333,290],{"class":77},[58,133335,1730],{"class":68},[58,133337,940],{"class":939},[58,133339,374],{"class":943},[58,133341,940],{"class":939},[58,133343,1082],{"class":68},[58,133345,1085],{"class":81},[58,133347,1082],{"class":68},[58,133349,1450],{"class":939},[58,133351,7878],{"class":943},[58,133353,940],{"class":939},[58,133355,1743],{"class":68},[58,133357,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133359,65],{"class":64},[58,133361,69],{"class":68},[58,133363,940],{"class":939},[58,133365,1450],{"class":939},[58,133367,499],{"class":68},[58,133369,131688],{"class":239},[58,133371,69],{"class":68},[58,133373,5942],{"class":239},[58,133375,85],{"class":68},[16,133377,46679,133378,133380],{},[20,133379,117],{}," is an integer.",[16,133382,37426],{},[49,133384,133386],{"className":51,"code":133385,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[20,133387,133388,133416],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133389,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133391,5911],{"class":286},[58,133393,290],{"class":77},[58,133395,1730],{"class":68},[58,133397,940],{"class":939},[58,133399,374],{"class":943},[58,133401,940],{"class":939},[58,133403,1082],{"class":68},[58,133405,1085],{"class":81},[58,133407,1082],{"class":68},[58,133409,1450],{"class":939},[58,133411,7878],{"class":943},[58,133413,940],{"class":939},[58,133415,1743],{"class":68},[58,133417,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440,133442],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133419,65],{"class":64},[58,133421,69],{"class":68},[58,133423,940],{"class":939},[58,133425,1450],{"class":939},[58,133427,499],{"class":68},[58,133429,131688],{"class":239},[58,133431,69],{"class":68},[58,133433,38024],{"class":64},[58,133435,69],{"class":68},[58,133437,1542],{"class":991},[58,133439,1082],{"class":68},[58,133441,4092],{"class":239},[58,133443,1002],{"class":68},[16,133445,133446,133447,499],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[374,133448,23834,133450],{"href":133449},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[20,133451,133452],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[617,133454,133456,133457,133459],{"id":133455},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[20,133458,131611],{}," on a list instead of a string",[16,133461,2645],{},[49,133463,133465],{"className":51,"code":133464,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[20,133466,133467,133499],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133468,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495,133497],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133470,2187],{"class":286},[58,133472,290],{"class":77},[58,133474,1730],{"class":68},[58,133476,940],{"class":939},[58,133478,5427],{"class":943},[58,133480,940],{"class":939},[58,133482,1082],{"class":68},[58,133484,1450],{"class":939},[58,133486,10338],{"class":943},[58,133488,940],{"class":939},[58,133490,1082],{"class":68},[58,133492,1450],{"class":939},[58,133494,131669],{"class":943},[58,133496,940],{"class":939},[58,133498,1743],{"class":68},[58,133500,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133502,301],{"class":286},[58,133504,290],{"class":77},[58,133506,4295],{"class":286},[58,133508,499],{"class":68},[58,133510,131688],{"class":239},[58,133512,69],{"class":68},[58,133514,940],{"class":939},[58,133516,1450],{"class":939},[58,133518,243],{"class":68},[16,133520,133521,133523],{},[20,133522,131611],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[16,133525,8948],{},[49,133527,133529],{"className":51,"code":133528,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,133530,133531,133563,133583,133587],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133532,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133534,2187],{"class":286},[58,133536,290],{"class":77},[58,133538,1730],{"class":68},[58,133540,940],{"class":939},[58,133542,5427],{"class":943},[58,133544,940],{"class":939},[58,133546,1082],{"class":68},[58,133548,1450],{"class":939},[58,133550,10338],{"class":943},[58,133552,940],{"class":939},[58,133554,1082],{"class":68},[58,133556,1450],{"class":939},[58,133558,131669],{"class":943},[58,133560,940],{"class":939},[58,133562,1743],{"class":68},[58,133564,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133566,301],{"class":286},[58,133568,290],{"class":77},[58,133570,1450],{"class":939},[58,133572,1450],{"class":939},[58,133574,499],{"class":68},[58,133576,131688],{"class":239},[58,133578,69],{"class":68},[58,133580,2231],{"class":239},[58,133582,243],{"class":68},[58,133584,133585],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,133586,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,133588,133589,133591,133593,133595],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,133590,65],{"class":64},[58,133592,69],{"class":68},[58,133594,340],{"class":239},[58,133596,243],{"class":68},[617,133598,133600],{"id":133599},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[49,133602,133604],{"className":51,"code":133603,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[20,133605,133606,133638],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133607,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133609,2187],{"class":286},[58,133611,290],{"class":77},[58,133613,1730],{"class":68},[58,133615,940],{"class":939},[58,133617,4714],{"class":943},[58,133619,940],{"class":939},[58,133621,1082],{"class":68},[58,133623,1450],{"class":939},[58,133625,77445],{"class":943},[58,133627,940],{"class":939},[58,133629,1082],{"class":68},[58,133631,1450],{"class":939},[58,133633,132415],{"class":943},[58,133635,940],{"class":939},[58,133637,1743],{"class":68},[58,133639,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133641,65],{"class":64},[58,133643,69],{"class":68},[58,133645,4399],{"class":939},[58,133647,499],{"class":68},[58,133649,131688],{"class":239},[58,133651,69],{"class":68},[58,133653,2231],{"class":239},[58,133655,85],{"class":68},[16,133657,132],{},[49,133659,133661],{"className":51,"code":133660,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"onetwothree\n",[20,133662,133663],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133664,133665],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133666,133660],{"class":286},[16,133668,133669,133670,4760],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[20,133671,131756],{},[617,133673,133675,133676,129879],{"id":133674},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[20,133677,131611],{},[49,133679,133681],{"className":51,"code":133680,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[20,133682,133683,133715,133733,133737],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133684,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133686,2187],{"class":286},[58,133688,290],{"class":77},[58,133690,1730],{"class":68},[58,133692,940],{"class":939},[58,133694,374],{"class":943},[58,133696,940],{"class":939},[58,133698,1082],{"class":68},[58,133700,1450],{"class":939},[58,133702,2882],{"class":943},[58,133704,940],{"class":939},[58,133706,1082],{"class":68},[58,133708,1450],{"class":939},[58,133710,7878],{"class":943},[58,133712,940],{"class":939},[58,133714,1743],{"class":68},[58,133716,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133718,940],{"class":41495},[58,133720,78],{"class":41499},[58,133722,940],{"class":41495},[58,133724,499],{"class":68},[58,133726,131688],{"class":239},[58,133728,69],{"class":68},[58,133730,2231],{"class":239},[58,133732,243],{"class":68},[58,133734,133735],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,133736,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,133738,133739,133741,133743,133745],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,133740,65],{"class":64},[58,133742,69],{"class":68},[58,133744,2231],{"class":239},[58,133746,243],{"class":68},[16,133748,132],{},[49,133750,133751],{"className":51,"code":41042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,133752,133753],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133754,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133756,2016],{"class":68},[58,133758,1396],{"class":939},[58,133760,374],{"class":943},[58,133762,1396],{"class":939},[58,133764,1082],{"class":68},[58,133766,1391],{"class":939},[58,133768,2882],{"class":943},[58,133770,1396],{"class":939},[58,133772,1082],{"class":68},[58,133774,1391],{"class":939},[58,133776,7878],{"class":943},[58,133778,1396],{"class":939},[58,133780,1743],{"class":68},[16,133782,133783,133784,133786],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[20,133785,131611],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[44,133788,133790,133792,133793],{"id":133789},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[20,133791,131611],{}," vs concatenation with ",[20,133794,120],{},[16,133796,8730,133797,2512,133799,133801],{},[20,133798,131611],{},[20,133800,120],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[617,133803,155,133805,133807],{"id":133804},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[20,133806,120],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[49,133809,133811],{"className":51,"code":133810,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,133812,133813,133826,133839,133859,133863],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133814,133815,133818,133820,133822,133824],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133816,133817],{"class":286},"first ",[58,133819,290],{"class":77},[58,133821,1450],{"class":939},[58,133823,33027],{"class":943},[58,133825,1456],{"class":939},[58,133827,133828,133831,133833,133835,133837],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133829,133830],{"class":286},"second ",[58,133832,290],{"class":77},[58,133834,1450],{"class":939},[58,133836,87914],{"class":943},[58,133838,1456],{"class":939},[58,133840,133841,133843,133845,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,133842,301],{"class":286},[58,133844,290],{"class":77},[58,133846,133847],{"class":286}," first ",[58,133849,120],{"class":77},[58,133851,1450],{"class":939},[58,133853,1450],{"class":939},[58,133855,534],{"class":77},[58,133857,133858],{"class":286}," second\n",[58,133860,133861],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,133862,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,133864,133865,133867,133869,133871],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,133866,65],{"class":64},[58,133868,69],{"class":68},[58,133870,340],{"class":239},[58,133872,243],{"class":68},[16,133874,132],{},[49,133876,133878],{"className":51,"code":133877,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Hello World\n",[20,133879,133880],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133881,133882],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133883,133877],{"class":286},[617,133885,155,133887,133889],{"id":133886},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[20,133888,131611],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[49,133891,133893],{"className":51,"code":133892,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,133894,133895,133937,133957,133961],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133896,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133916,133918,133920,133922,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133898,2187],{"class":286},[58,133900,290],{"class":77},[58,133902,1730],{"class":68},[58,133904,940],{"class":939},[58,133906,5427],{"class":943},[58,133908,940],{"class":939},[58,133910,1082],{"class":68},[58,133912,1450],{"class":939},[58,133914,133915],{"class":943},"makes",[58,133917,940],{"class":939},[58,133919,1082],{"class":68},[58,133921,1450],{"class":939},[58,133923,133924],{"class":943},"this",[58,133926,940],{"class":939},[58,133928,1082],{"class":68},[58,133930,1450],{"class":939},[58,133932,132110],{"class":943},[58,133934,940],{"class":939},[58,133936,1743],{"class":68},[58,133938,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,133940,301],{"class":286},[58,133942,290],{"class":77},[58,133944,1450],{"class":939},[58,133946,1450],{"class":939},[58,133948,499],{"class":68},[58,133950,131688],{"class":239},[58,133952,69],{"class":68},[58,133954,2231],{"class":239},[58,133956,243],{"class":68},[58,133958,133959],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,133960,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,133962,133963,133965,133967,133969],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,133964,65],{"class":64},[58,133966,69],{"class":68},[58,133968,340],{"class":239},[58,133970,243],{"class":68},[16,133972,132],{},[49,133974,133976],{"className":51,"code":133975,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Python makes this easy\n",[20,133977,133978],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,133979,133980],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,133981,133975],{"class":286},[16,133983,133984,133986],{},[20,133985,131611],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[28,133988,133989,133992,133995],{},[31,133990,133991],{},"You already have a list of strings",[31,133993,133994],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[31,133996,133997,133998,134000],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[20,133999,120],{}," operators",[16,134002,134003,134004,499],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[374,134005,134007],{"href":134006},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[44,134009,134011],{"id":134010},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[16,134013,7012,134014,134016],{},[20,134015,131611],{}," is not working, check these first:",[28,134018,134019,134022,134027,134036,134042],{},[31,134020,134021],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[31,134023,134024,134025],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[20,134026,1891],{},[31,134028,134029,134030,9233,134033],{},"You may have written ",[20,134031,134032],{},"list.join(...)",[20,134034,134035],{},"string.join(...)",[31,134037,134038,134039,134041],{},"You may be expecting ",[20,134040,131611],{}," to change the original iterable",[31,134043,134044],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[16,134046,92554],{},[49,134048,134050],{"className":51,"code":134049,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[20,134051,134052,134066,134076,134100,134140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134053,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134055,65],{"class":64},[58,134057,69],{"class":68},[58,134059,1316],{"class":991},[58,134061,69],{"class":68},[58,134063,5942],{"class":239},[58,134065,85],{"class":68},[58,134067,134068,134070,134072,134074],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134069,65],{"class":64},[58,134071,69],{"class":68},[58,134073,5942],{"class":239},[58,134075,243],{"class":68},[58,134077,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134079,65],{"class":64},[58,134081,1076],{"class":68},[58,134083,1316],{"class":991},[58,134085,69],{"class":68},[58,134087,21464],{"class":239},[58,134089,1770],{"class":68},[58,134091,1992],{"class":1991},[58,134093,4087],{"class":239},[58,134095,1998],{"class":1991},[58,134097,4092],{"class":239},[58,134099,2004],{"class":68},[58,134101,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,134103,65],{"class":64},[58,134105,69],{"class":68},[58,134107,1396],{"class":939},[58,134109,1391],{"class":939},[58,134111,499],{"class":68},[58,134113,131688],{"class":239},[58,134115,1076],{"class":68},[58,134117,1396],{"class":939},[58,134119,374],{"class":943},[58,134121,1396],{"class":939},[58,134123,1082],{"class":68},[58,134125,1391],{"class":939},[58,134127,2882],{"class":943},[58,134129,1396],{"class":939},[58,134131,1082],{"class":68},[58,134133,1391],{"class":939},[58,134135,7878],{"class":943},[58,134137,1396],{"class":939},[58,134139,1092],{"class":68},[58,134141,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,134143,65],{"class":64},[58,134145,69],{"class":68},[58,134147,1396],{"class":939},[58,134149,257],{"class":943},[58,134151,1396],{"class":939},[58,134153,499],{"class":68},[58,134155,131688],{"class":239},[58,134157,69],{"class":68},[58,134159,38024],{"class":64},[58,134161,69],{"class":68},[58,134163,1542],{"class":991},[58,134165,1082],{"class":68},[58,134167,1730],{"class":68},[58,134169,1079],{"class":81},[58,134171,1082],{"class":68},[58,134173,1085],{"class":81},[58,134175,1082],{"class":68},[58,134177,531],{"class":81},[58,134179,35428],{"class":68},[16,134181,134182],{},"What these checks do:",[28,134184,134185,134193,134199,134205,134214],{},[31,134186,134187,134190,134191,6230],{},[20,134188,134189],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[20,134192,5942],{},[31,134194,134195,134198],{},[20,134196,134197],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[31,134200,134201,134204],{},[20,134202,134203],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[31,134206,134207,134210,134211,134213],{},[20,134208,134209],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[20,134212,131611],{}," behavior",[31,134215,134216,134219],{},[20,134217,134218],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[44,134221,1555],{"id":1554},[617,134223,10849,134225,134227],{"id":134224},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[20,134226,131611],{}," work with numbers?",[16,134229,134230,134231,134233,134234,499],{},"Not directly. ",[20,134232,131611],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[20,134235,134236],{},"map(str, values)",[617,134238,10849,134240,55335],{"id":134239},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[20,134241,131611],{},[16,134243,134244],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[617,134246,26484,134248,60808],{"id":134247},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[20,134249,131611],{},[16,134251,40318,134252,134254],{},[20,134253,131611],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[617,134256,3265,134258,38125],{"id":134257},"what-does-joinwords-do",[20,134259,134260],{},"''.join(words)",[16,134262,134263],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[617,134265,134267,134268,134270,134271,573],{"id":134266},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[20,134269,1098],{}," when using ",[20,134272,131611],{},[16,134274,134275],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[44,134277,1603],{"id":1602},[28,134279,134280,134285,134291,134297,134303],{},[31,134281,134282],{},[374,134283,134284],{"href":134006},"How to join strings in Python",[31,134286,134287],{},[374,134288,124529,134289,8881],{"href":127216},[20,134290,58704],{},[31,134292,134293],{},[374,134294,1681,134295,1612],{"href":40341},[20,134296,45852],{},[31,134298,134299],{},[374,134300,28504,134301],{"href":133449},[20,134302,133452],{},[31,134304,134305],{},[374,134306,123284],{"href":49145},[16,134308,95524,134309,134311],{},[20,134310,131611],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1635,134313,134314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":134316},[134317,134318,134320,134323,134330,134340,134348,134358,134365,134366,134378],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":131728,"depth":88,"text":134319},"What join() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":134321},[134322],{"id":47178,"depth":104,"text":47179},{"id":120059,"depth":88,"text":120060,"children":134324},[134325,134326,134327,134328],{"id":132075,"depth":104,"text":132076},{"id":132167,"depth":104,"text":132168},{"id":132268,"depth":104,"text":132269},{"id":132377,"depth":104,"text":134329},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":132480,"depth":88,"text":132481,"children":134331},[134332,134334,134336,134338],{"id":132487,"depth":104,"text":134333},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":132554,"depth":104,"text":134335},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":132643,"depth":104,"text":134337},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":132729,"depth":104,"text":134339},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":132804,"depth":88,"text":132805,"children":134341},[134342,134343,134344,134346],{"id":132813,"depth":104,"text":132814},{"id":132896,"depth":104,"text":132897},{"id":133050,"depth":104,"text":134345},"None values do not work directly",{"id":133222,"depth":104,"text":134347},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":133309,"depth":88,"text":134349,"children":134350},"Common errors with join()",[134351,134353,134355,134356],{"id":133318,"depth":104,"text":134352},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":133455,"depth":104,"text":134354},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":133599,"depth":104,"text":133600},{"id":133674,"depth":104,"text":134357},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":133789,"depth":88,"text":134359,"children":134360},"join() vs concatenation with +",[134361,134363],{"id":133804,"depth":104,"text":134362},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":133886,"depth":104,"text":134364},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":134010,"depth":88,"text":134011},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":134367},[134368,134370,134372,134374,134376],{"id":134224,"depth":104,"text":134369},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":134239,"depth":104,"text":134371},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":134247,"depth":104,"text":134373},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":134257,"depth":104,"text":134375},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":134266,"depth":104,"text":134377},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":131603,"description":134379},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":134386,"title":134387,"body":134388,"description":135956,"extension":1667,"meta":135957,"navigation":318,"path":135958,"seo":135959,"stem":135960,"__hash__":135961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":9,"value":134389,"toc":135923},[134390,134395,134400,134402,134416,134461,134468,134473,134478,134480,134496,134505,134507,134509,134524,134526,134536,134538,134600,134602,134605,134666,134668,134684,134686,134699,134702,134749,134751,134757,134760,134763,134823,134831,134917,134921,134926,134928,134942,134945,135030,135033,135091,135102,135157,135159,135166,135172,135178,135222,135225,135272,135274,135276,135283,135285,135316,135319,135321,135352,135356,135359,135361,135401,135403,135446,135452,135457,135459,135486,135491,135494,135543,135547,135550,135625,135636,135639,135696,135703,135709,135717,135722,135729,135736,135754,135756,135810,135818,135820,135825,135828,135834,135840,135845,135848,135854,135860,135867,135875,135877,135920],[12,134391,121529,134393,9464],{"id":134392},"python-string-lower-method",[20,134394,122259],{},[16,134396,121534,134397,134399],{},[20,134398,122259],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[16,134401,22241],{},[28,134403,134404,134407,134410,134413],{},[31,134405,134406],{},"convert text to lowercase",[31,134408,134409],{},"compare text without case differences",[31,134411,134412],{},"clean up user input",[31,134414,134415],{},"make simple text matching easier",[49,134417,134419],{"className":51,"code":134418,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[20,134420,134421,134434,134448],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134422,134423,134425,134427,134429,134432],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134424,32847],{"class":286},[58,134426,290],{"class":77},[58,134428,1450],{"class":939},[58,134430,134431],{"class":943},"Hello WORLD",[58,134433,1456],{"class":939},[58,134435,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134437,301],{"class":286},[58,134439,290],{"class":77},[58,134441,41008],{"class":286},[58,134443,499],{"class":68},[58,134445,6776],{"class":239},[58,134447,6779],{"class":68},[58,134449,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134451,65],{"class":64},[58,134453,69],{"class":68},[58,134455,340],{"class":239},[58,134457,1770],{"class":68},[58,134459,134460],{"class":1773},"  # hello world\n",[16,134462,134463,87137,134465,134467],{},[1855,134464,81995],{},[20,134466,122259],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[44,134469,1788,134471,1791],{"id":134470},"what-lower-does",[20,134472,122259],{},[16,134474,134475,134477],{},[20,134476,122259],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[16,134479,11198],{},[28,134481,134482,134487,134490,134493],{},[31,134483,134484,134486],{},[20,134485,122259],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[31,134488,134489],{},"It works on string objects",[31,134491,134492],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[31,134494,134495],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[16,134497,123281,134498,134502,134503,499],{},[374,134499,134501],{"href":134500},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[374,134504,49146],{"href":49145},[44,134506,222],{"id":221},[16,134508,225],{},[49,134510,134512],{"className":51,"code":134511,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.lower()\n",[20,134513,134514],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134515,134516,134518,134520,134522],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134517,59347],{"class":286},[58,134519,499],{"class":68},[58,134521,6776],{"class":239},[58,134523,6779],{"class":68},[16,134525,41817],{},[28,134527,134528,134530,134533],{},[31,134529,95702],{},[31,134531,134532],{},"You call it directly on a string",[31,134534,134535],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[16,134537,276],{},[49,134539,134541],{"className":51,"code":134540,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[20,134542,134543,134566,134570,134583],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134544,134545,134547,134549,134551,134554,134556,134558,134560,134563],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134546,65],{"class":64},[58,134548,69],{"class":68},[58,134550,940],{"class":939},[58,134552,134553],{"class":943},"HELLO",[58,134555,940],{"class":939},[58,134557,499],{"class":68},[58,134559,6776],{"class":239},[58,134561,134562],{"class":68},"())",[58,134564,134565],{"class":1773},"  # hello\n",[58,134567,134568],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134569,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,134571,134572,134574,134576,134578,134581],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134573,6009],{"class":286},[58,134575,290],{"class":77},[58,134577,1450],{"class":939},[58,134579,134580],{"class":943},"PyThOn",[58,134582,1456],{"class":939},[58,134584,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,134586,65],{"class":64},[58,134588,69],{"class":68},[58,134590,5799],{"class":239},[58,134592,499],{"class":68},[58,134594,6776],{"class":239},[58,134596,134562],{"class":68},[58,134598,134599],{"class":1773},"  # python\n",[44,134601,9618],{"id":9617},[16,134603,134604],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[49,134606,134608],{"className":51,"code":134607,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[20,134609,134610,134622,134626,134641,134645,134656],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134611,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134613,32847],{"class":286},[58,134615,290],{"class":77},[58,134617,1450],{"class":939},[58,134619,134431],{"class":943},[58,134621,1456],{"class":939},[58,134623,134624],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134625,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,134627,134628,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134629,134630],{"class":286},"lower_text ",[58,134632,290],{"class":77},[58,134634,41008],{"class":286},[58,134636,499],{"class":68},[58,134638,6776],{"class":239},[58,134640,6779],{"class":68},[58,134642,134643],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,134644,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,134646,134647,134649,134651,134654],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,134648,65],{"class":64},[58,134650,69],{"class":68},[58,134652,134653],{"class":239},"lower_text",[58,134655,243],{"class":68},[58,134657,134658,134660,134662,134664],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,134659,65],{"class":64},[58,134661,69],{"class":68},[58,134663,32868],{"class":239},[58,134665,243],{"class":68},[16,134667,132],{},[49,134669,134671],{"className":51,"code":134670,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[20,134672,134673,134677],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134674,134675],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134676,132545],{"class":286},[58,134678,134679,134681],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134680,129945],{"class":286},[58,134682,134683],{"class":32612},"WORLD\n",[16,134685,22761],{},[28,134687,134688,134693],{},[31,134689,134690,134692],{},[20,134691,122259],{}," returns the lowercase result",[31,134694,134695,134696,134698],{},"the original ",[20,134697,32868],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[16,134700,134701],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[49,134703,134705],{"className":51,"code":134704,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[20,134706,134707,134719,134733,134737],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134708,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134710,32847],{"class":286},[58,134712,290],{"class":77},[58,134714,1450],{"class":939},[58,134716,134431],{"class":943},[58,134718,1456],{"class":939},[58,134720,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134722,32847],{"class":286},[58,134724,290],{"class":77},[58,134726,41008],{"class":286},[58,134728,499],{"class":68},[58,134730,6776],{"class":239},[58,134732,6779],{"class":68},[58,134734,134735],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134736,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,134738,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,134740,65],{"class":64},[58,134742,69],{"class":68},[58,134744,32868],{"class":239},[58,134746,1770],{"class":68},[58,134748,134460],{"class":1773},[44,134750,15569],{"id":15568},[16,134752,134753,20128,134755,499],{},[20,134754,122259],{},[1855,134756,59347],{},[16,134758,134759],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[16,134761,134762],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[49,134764,134766],{"className":51,"code":134765,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[20,134767,134768,134782,134786,134809],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134769,134770,134773,134775,134777,134780],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134771,134772],{"class":286},"answer ",[58,134774,290],{"class":77},[58,134776,1450],{"class":939},[58,134778,134779],{"class":943},"YES",[58,134781,1456],{"class":939},[58,134783,134784],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134785,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,134787,134788,134790,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134789,5127],{"class":1991},[58,134791,134792],{"class":286}," answer",[58,134794,499],{"class":68},[58,134796,6776],{"class":239},[58,134798,5496],{"class":68},[58,134800,4536],{"class":77},[58,134802,1450],{"class":939},[58,134804,6794],{"class":943},[58,134806,940],{"class":939},[58,134808,4521],{"class":68},[58,134810,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,134812,6202],{"class":64},[58,134814,69],{"class":68},[58,134816,940],{"class":939},[58,134818,95011],{"class":943},[58,134820,940],{"class":939},[58,134822,243],{"class":68},[16,134824,134825,134826,973],{},"This is especially useful with ",[374,134827,134828,134829,380],{"href":6353},"the ",[20,134830,1048],{},[49,134832,134834],{"className":51,"code":134833,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[20,134835,134836,134855,134859,134881,134896,134902],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134837,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134851,134853],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134839,134772],{"class":286},[58,134841,290],{"class":77},[58,134843,6376],{"class":64},[58,134845,69],{"class":68},[58,134847,940],{"class":939},[58,134849,134850],{"class":943},"Type yes or no: ",[58,134852,940],{"class":939},[58,134854,243],{"class":68},[58,134856,134857],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134858,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,134860,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134862,5127],{"class":1991},[58,134864,134792],{"class":286},[58,134866,499],{"class":68},[58,134868,6776],{"class":239},[58,134870,5496],{"class":68},[58,134872,4536],{"class":77},[58,134874,1450],{"class":939},[58,134876,6794],{"class":943},[58,134878,940],{"class":939},[58,134880,4521],{"class":68},[58,134882,134883,134885,134887,134889,134892,134894],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,134884,6202],{"class":64},[58,134886,69],{"class":68},[58,134888,940],{"class":939},[58,134890,134891],{"class":943},"You typed yes",[58,134893,940],{"class":939},[58,134895,243],{"class":68},[58,134897,134898,134900],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,134899,25589],{"class":1991},[58,134901,4521],{"class":68},[58,134903,134904,134906,134908,134910,134913,134915],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,134905,6202],{"class":64},[58,134907,69],{"class":68},[58,134909,940],{"class":939},[58,134911,134912],{"class":943},"You typed something else",[58,134914,940],{"class":939},[58,134916,243],{"class":68},[44,134918,134920],{"id":134919},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[16,134922,134923,134925],{},[20,134924,122259],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[16,134927,5473],{},[28,134929,134930,134933,134936,134939],{},[31,134931,134932],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[31,134934,134935],{},"Make text matching easier",[31,134937,134938],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[31,134940,134941],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[16,134943,134944],{},"Example: checking user input",[49,134946,134948],{"className":51,"code":134947,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[20,134949,134950,134968,134972,134994,135009,135015],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,134951,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,134953,43126],{"class":286},[58,134955,290],{"class":77},[58,134957,6376],{"class":64},[58,134959,69],{"class":68},[58,134961,940],{"class":939},[58,134963,43137],{"class":943},[58,134965,940],{"class":939},[58,134967,243],{"class":68},[58,134969,134970],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,134971,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,134973,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,134975,5127],{"class":1991},[58,134977,34012],{"class":286},[58,134979,499],{"class":68},[58,134981,6776],{"class":239},[58,134983,5496],{"class":68},[58,134985,4536],{"class":77},[58,134987,1450],{"class":939},[58,134989,11256],{"class":943},[58,134991,940],{"class":939},[58,134993,4521],{"class":68},[58,134995,134996,134998,135000,135002,135005,135007],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,134997,6202],{"class":64},[58,134999,69],{"class":68},[58,135001,940],{"class":939},[58,135003,135004],{"class":943},"Nice choice!",[58,135006,940],{"class":939},[58,135008,243],{"class":68},[58,135010,135011,135013],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,135012,25589],{"class":1991},[58,135014,4521],{"class":68},[58,135016,135017,135019,135021,135023,135026,135028],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,135018,6202],{"class":64},[58,135020,69],{"class":68},[58,135022,940],{"class":939},[58,135024,135025],{"class":943},"Got it.",[58,135027,940],{"class":939},[58,135029,243],{"class":68},[16,135031,135032],{},"Example: simple search",[49,135034,135036],{"className":51,"code":135035,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[20,135037,135038,135051,135055,135076],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135039,135040,135042,135044,135046,135049],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135041,88181],{"class":286},[58,135043,290],{"class":77},[58,135045,1450],{"class":939},[58,135047,135048],{"class":943},"Python Is Fun",[58,135050,1456],{"class":939},[58,135052,135053],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135054,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135056,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135070,135072,135074],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135058,5127],{"class":1991},[58,135060,1450],{"class":939},[58,135062,53],{"class":943},[58,135064,940],{"class":939},[58,135066,19326],{"class":77},[58,135068,135069],{"class":286}," message",[58,135071,499],{"class":68},[58,135073,6776],{"class":239},[58,135075,19748],{"class":68},[58,135077,135078,135080,135082,135084,135087,135089],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135079,6202],{"class":64},[58,135081,69],{"class":68},[58,135083,940],{"class":939},[58,135085,135086],{"class":943},"Found it",[58,135088,940],{"class":939},[58,135090,243],{"class":68},[16,135092,135093,135094,135096,135097,973],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[20,135095,122259],{}," is often used with ",[374,135098,135100],{"href":135099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[20,135101,39819],{},[49,135103,135105],{"className":51,"code":135104,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[20,135106,135107,135120,135139,135143],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135108,135109,135111,135113,135115,135118],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135110,6009],{"class":286},[58,135112,290],{"class":77},[58,135114,1450],{"class":939},[58,135116,135117],{"class":943},"  ALICE  ",[58,135119,1456],{"class":939},[58,135121,135122,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135123,135124],{"class":286},"clean_name ",[58,135126,290],{"class":77},[58,135128,34153],{"class":286},[58,135130,499],{"class":68},[58,135132,6770],{"class":239},[58,135134,6773],{"class":68},[58,135136,6776],{"class":239},[58,135138,6779],{"class":68},[58,135140,135141],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135142,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135144,135145,135147,135149,135152,135154],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135146,65],{"class":64},[58,135148,69],{"class":68},[58,135150,135151],{"class":239},"clean_name",[58,135153,1770],{"class":68},[58,135155,135156],{"class":1773},"  # alice\n",[44,135158,13745],{"id":13744},[16,135160,135161,135162,135165],{},"Strings are ",[1855,135163,135164],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[16,135167,135168,135169,135171],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[20,135170,122259],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[16,135173,135174,135175,135177],{},"So this does ",[1855,135176,2751],{}," update the original variable:",[49,135179,135181],{"className":51,"code":135180,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[20,135182,135183,135195,135205,135209],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135184,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135186,32847],{"class":286},[58,135188,290],{"class":77},[58,135190,1450],{"class":939},[58,135192,134553],{"class":943},[58,135194,1456],{"class":939},[58,135196,135197,135199,135201,135203],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135198,32868],{"class":286},[58,135200,499],{"class":68},[58,135202,6776],{"class":239},[58,135204,6779],{"class":68},[58,135206,135207],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135208,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135210,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135212,65],{"class":64},[58,135214,69],{"class":68},[58,135216,32868],{"class":239},[58,135218,1770],{"class":68},[58,135220,135221],{"class":1773},"  # HELLO\n",[16,135223,135224],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[49,135226,135228],{"className":51,"code":135227,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[20,135229,135230,135242,135256,135260],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135231,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135233,32847],{"class":286},[58,135235,290],{"class":77},[58,135237,1450],{"class":939},[58,135239,134553],{"class":943},[58,135241,1456],{"class":939},[58,135243,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135245,32847],{"class":286},[58,135247,290],{"class":77},[58,135249,41008],{"class":286},[58,135251,499],{"class":68},[58,135253,6776],{"class":239},[58,135255,6779],{"class":68},[58,135257,135258],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135259,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135261,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135263,65],{"class":64},[58,135265,69],{"class":68},[58,135267,32868],{"class":239},[58,135269,1770],{"class":68},[58,135271,134565],{"class":1773},[44,135273,914],{"id":913},[617,135275,23842],{"id":23841},[16,135277,135278,135279,9233,135281,499],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[20,135280,6776],{},[20,135282,122259],{},[16,135284,14793],{},[49,135286,135288],{"className":51,"code":135287,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[20,135289,135290,135302],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135291,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135293,32847],{"class":286},[58,135295,290],{"class":77},[58,135297,1450],{"class":939},[58,135299,134553],{"class":943},[58,135301,1456],{"class":939},[58,135303,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135305,65],{"class":64},[58,135307,69],{"class":68},[58,135309,32868],{"class":239},[58,135311,499],{"class":68},[58,135313,6776],{"class":22904},[58,135315,243],{"class":68},[16,135317,135318],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[16,135320,14805],{},[49,135322,135324],{"className":51,"code":135323,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[20,135325,135326,135338],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135327,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135329,32847],{"class":286},[58,135331,290],{"class":77},[58,135333,1450],{"class":939},[58,135335,134553],{"class":943},[58,135337,1456],{"class":939},[58,135339,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135341,65],{"class":64},[58,135343,69],{"class":68},[58,135345,32868],{"class":239},[58,135347,499],{"class":68},[58,135349,6776],{"class":239},[58,135351,5324],{"class":68},[617,135353,135355],{"id":135354},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[16,135357,135358],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[16,135360,14793],{},[49,135362,135364],{"className":51,"code":135363,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[20,135365,135366,135378,135388],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135367,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135369,32847],{"class":286},[58,135371,290],{"class":77},[58,135373,1450],{"class":939},[58,135375,134553],{"class":943},[58,135377,1456],{"class":939},[58,135379,135380,135382,135384,135386],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135381,32868],{"class":286},[58,135383,499],{"class":68},[58,135385,6776],{"class":239},[58,135387,6779],{"class":68},[58,135389,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135391,65],{"class":64},[58,135393,69],{"class":68},[58,135395,32868],{"class":239},[58,135397,1770],{"class":68},[58,135399,135400],{"class":1773},"  # still HELLO\n",[16,135402,14805],{},[49,135404,135406],{"className":51,"code":135405,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[20,135407,135408,135420,135434],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135409,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135411,32847],{"class":286},[58,135413,290],{"class":77},[58,135415,1450],{"class":939},[58,135417,134553],{"class":943},[58,135419,1456],{"class":939},[58,135421,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135423,32847],{"class":286},[58,135425,290],{"class":77},[58,135427,41008],{"class":286},[58,135429,499],{"class":68},[58,135431,6776],{"class":239},[58,135433,6779],{"class":68},[58,135435,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135437,65],{"class":64},[58,135439,69],{"class":68},[58,135441,32868],{"class":239},[58,135443,1770],{"class":68},[58,135445,134565],{"class":1773},[617,135447,6552,135449,135451],{"id":135448},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[20,135450,122259],{}," on a non-string value",[16,135453,135454,135456],{},[20,135455,122259],{}," only works on strings.",[16,135458,14793],{},[49,135460,135462],{"className":51,"code":135461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[20,135463,135464,135472],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135465,135466,135468,135470],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135467,287],{"class":286},[58,135469,290],{"class":77},[58,135471,123211],{"class":81},[58,135473,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135475,65],{"class":64},[58,135477,69],{"class":68},[58,135479,311],{"class":239},[58,135481,499],{"class":68},[58,135483,6776],{"class":239},[58,135485,5324],{"class":68},[16,135487,135488,135489,31759],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[20,135490,122259],{},[16,135492,135493],{},"You can check the type first:",[49,135495,135497],{"className":51,"code":135496,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[20,135498,135499,135511,135515,135529],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135500,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135502,32847],{"class":286},[58,135504,290],{"class":77},[58,135506,1450],{"class":939},[58,135508,134553],{"class":943},[58,135510,1456],{"class":939},[58,135512,135513],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135514,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135516,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135518,65],{"class":64},[58,135520,69],{"class":68},[58,135522,1316],{"class":991},[58,135524,69],{"class":68},[58,135526,32868],{"class":239},[58,135528,85],{"class":68},[58,135530,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135532,65],{"class":64},[58,135534,69],{"class":68},[58,135536,32868],{"class":239},[58,135538,499],{"class":68},[58,135540,6776],{"class":239},[58,135542,5324],{"class":68},[617,135544,135546],{"id":135545},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[16,135548,135549],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[49,135551,135553],{"className":51,"code":135552,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[20,135554,135555,135568,135572,135589,135604,135610],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135556,135557,135559,135561,135563,135566],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135558,134772],{"class":286},[58,135560,290],{"class":77},[58,135562,1450],{"class":939},[58,135564,135565],{"class":943},"Yes",[58,135567,1456],{"class":939},[58,135569,135570],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135571,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135573,135574,135576,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135575,5127],{"class":1991},[58,135577,135578],{"class":286}," answer ",[58,135580,2809],{"class":77},[58,135582,1450],{"class":939},[58,135584,6794],{"class":943},[58,135586,940],{"class":939},[58,135588,4521],{"class":68},[58,135590,135591,135593,135595,135597,135600,135602],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135592,6202],{"class":64},[58,135594,69],{"class":68},[58,135596,940],{"class":939},[58,135598,135599],{"class":943},"Match",[58,135601,940],{"class":939},[58,135603,243],{"class":68},[58,135605,135606,135608],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,135607,25589],{"class":1991},[58,135609,4521],{"class":68},[58,135611,135612,135614,135616,135618,135621,135623],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,135613,6202],{"class":64},[58,135615,69],{"class":68},[58,135617,940],{"class":939},[58,135619,135620],{"class":943},"No match",[58,135622,940],{"class":939},[58,135624,243],{"class":68},[16,135626,27217,135627,2512,135630,135633,135634,499],{},[20,135628,135629],{},"\"Yes\"",[20,135631,135632],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[20,135635,135620],{},[16,135637,135638],{},"Better:",[49,135640,135642],{"className":51,"code":135641,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[20,135643,135644,135656,135660,135682],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135645,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135647,134772],{"class":286},[58,135649,290],{"class":77},[58,135651,1450],{"class":939},[58,135653,135565],{"class":943},[58,135655,1456],{"class":939},[58,135657,135658],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135659,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135663,5127],{"class":1991},[58,135665,134792],{"class":286},[58,135667,499],{"class":68},[58,135669,6776],{"class":239},[58,135671,5496],{"class":68},[58,135673,4536],{"class":77},[58,135675,1450],{"class":939},[58,135677,6794],{"class":943},[58,135679,940],{"class":939},[58,135681,4521],{"class":68},[58,135683,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135685,6202],{"class":64},[58,135687,69],{"class":68},[58,135689,940],{"class":939},[58,135691,135599],{"class":943},[58,135693,940],{"class":939},[58,135695,243],{"class":68},[617,135697,42380,135699,135702],{"id":135698},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[20,135700,135701],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[16,135704,135705,135706,135708],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[20,135707,122259],{}," is enough.",[16,135710,135711,135712,135714,135715,499],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[20,135713,135701],{}," can be stronger than ",[20,135716,122259],{},[16,135718,135719,135720,120771],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[20,135721,122259],{},[44,135723,135725,8725,135727],{"id":135724},"lower-vs-upper",[20,135726,122259],{},[20,135728,126407],{},[16,135730,135731,2512,135733,135735],{},[20,135732,122259],{},[20,135734,126407],{}," are very similar.",[28,135737,135738,135743,135748,135751],{},[31,135739,135740,135742],{},[20,135741,122259],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[31,135744,135745,135747],{},[20,135746,126407],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[31,135749,135750],{},"Both return new strings",[31,135752,135753],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[16,135755,276],{},[49,135757,135759],{"className":51,"code":135758,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,135760,135761,135773,135777,135793],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,135762,135763,135765,135767,135769,135771],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,135764,32847],{"class":286},[58,135766,290],{"class":77},[58,135768,1450],{"class":939},[58,135770,127248],{"class":943},[58,135772,1456],{"class":939},[58,135774,135775],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,135776,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,135778,135779,135781,135783,135785,135787,135789,135791],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,135780,65],{"class":64},[58,135782,69],{"class":68},[58,135784,32868],{"class":239},[58,135786,499],{"class":68},[58,135788,6776],{"class":239},[58,135790,134562],{"class":68},[58,135792,134460],{"class":1773},[58,135794,135795,135797,135799,135801,135803,135805,135807],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,135796,65],{"class":64},[58,135798,69],{"class":68},[58,135800,32868],{"class":239},[58,135802,499],{"class":68},[58,135804,32637],{"class":239},[58,135806,134562],{"class":68},[58,135808,135809],{"class":1773},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[16,135811,135812,135813,499],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[374,135814,124529,135816,8881],{"href":135815},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[20,135817,126407],{},[44,135819,1555],{"id":1554},[617,135821,10849,135823,122856],{"id":135822},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[20,135824,122259],{},[16,135826,135827],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[617,135829,10849,135831,135833],{"id":135830},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[20,135832,122259],{}," take any arguments?",[16,135835,135836,135837,499],{},"No. The method is called as ",[20,135838,135839],{},"string.lower()",[617,135841,3265,135843,10861],{"id":135842},"what-does-lower-return",[20,135844,122259],{},[16,135846,135847],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[617,135849,26484,135851,135853],{"id":135850},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[20,135852,122259],{}," on user input?",[16,135855,135856,135857,135859],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[20,135858,1048],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[617,135861,3303,135863,2512,135865,573],{"id":135862},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[20,135864,122259],{},[20,135866,135701],{},[16,135868,135869,135871,135872,135874],{},[20,135870,122259],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[20,135873,135701],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[44,135876,1603],{"id":1602},[28,135878,135879,135883,135889,135895,135901,135905,135909,135915],{},[31,135880,135881],{},[374,135882,49146],{"href":49145},[31,135884,135885],{},[374,135886,124529,135887,8881],{"href":135815},[20,135888,126407],{},[31,135890,135891],{},[374,135892,124529,135893,8881],{"href":135099},[20,135894,39819],{},[31,135896,135897],{},[374,135898,124529,135899,8881],{"href":128110},[20,135900,122700],{},[31,135902,135903],{},[374,135904,122928],{"href":121784},[31,135906,135907],{},[374,135908,88857],{"href":87866},[31,135910,135911],{},[374,135912,1681,135913,1612],{"href":6353},[20,135914,1048],{},[31,135916,135917],{},[374,135918,135919],{"href":134500},"What is a string in Python?",[1635,135921,135922],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":135924},[135925,135927,135928,135929,135930,135931,135932,135941,135943,135955],{"id":134470,"depth":88,"text":135926},"What lower() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":134919,"depth":88,"text":134920},{"id":13744,"depth":88,"text":13745},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":135933},[135934,135935,135936,135938,135939],{"id":23841,"depth":104,"text":23842},{"id":135354,"depth":104,"text":135355},{"id":135448,"depth":104,"text":135937},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":135545,"depth":104,"text":135546},{"id":135698,"depth":104,"text":135940},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":135724,"depth":88,"text":135942},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":135944},[135945,135947,135949,135951,135953],{"id":135822,"depth":104,"text":135946},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":135830,"depth":104,"text":135948},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":135842,"depth":104,"text":135950},"What does lower() return?",{"id":135850,"depth":104,"text":135952},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":135862,"depth":104,"text":135954},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":134387,"description":135956},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":135963,"title":135964,"body":135965,"description":137515,"extension":1667,"meta":137516,"navigation":318,"path":137517,"seo":137518,"stem":137519,"__hash__":137520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":9,"value":135966,"toc":137476},[135967,135972,135977,135983,135998,136000,136060,136062,136071,136077,136082,136087,136089,136103,136107,136109,136156,136158,136176,136178,136181,136252,136254,136268,136271,136283,136292,136296,136301,136306,136310,136376,136378,136387,136391,136456,136458,136467,136470,136475,136479,136484,136488,136549,136551,136560,136564,136567,136623,136625,136634,136637,136650,136652,136656,136663,136725,136727,136740,136746,136749,136756,136761,136766,136769,136777,136779,136840,136842,136851,136854,136901,136904,136951,136953,136958,136975,136982,136987,137040,137042,137050,137052,137109,137111,137119,137123,137170,137172,137180,137188,137192,137240,137242,137251,137256,137307,137309,137318,137325,137328,137349,137351,137356,137359,137363,137366,137370,137373,137400,137406,137409,137436,137441,137443,137445,137473],[12,135968,121529,135970,9464],{"id":135969},"python-string-replace-method",[20,135971,122700],{},[16,135973,121534,135974,135976],{},[20,135975,122700],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[16,135978,135979,135980,135982],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[20,135981,122700],{},". You will learn:",[28,135984,135985,135989,135992,135995],{},[31,135986,24174,135987,1791],{},[20,135988,122700],{},[31,135990,135991],{},"how its syntax works",[31,135993,135994],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[31,135996,135997],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[44,135999,47],{"id":46},[49,136001,136003],{"className":51,"code":136002,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[20,136004,136005,136018,136050],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136006,136007,136009,136011,136013,136016],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136008,32847],{"class":286},[58,136010,290],{"class":77},[58,136012,1450],{"class":939},[58,136014,136015],{"class":943},"I like cats",[58,136017,1456],{"class":939},[58,136019,136020,136022,136024,136026,136028,136030,136032,136034,136037,136039,136041,136043,136046,136048],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136021,128368],{"class":286},[58,136023,290],{"class":77},[58,136025,41008],{"class":286},[58,136027,499],{"class":68},[58,136029,33159],{"class":239},[58,136031,69],{"class":68},[58,136033,940],{"class":939},[58,136035,136036],{"class":943},"cats",[58,136038,940],{"class":939},[58,136040,1082],{"class":68},[58,136042,1450],{"class":939},[58,136044,136045],{"class":943},"dogs",[58,136047,940],{"class":939},[58,136049,243],{"class":68},[58,136051,136052,136054,136056,136058],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136053,65],{"class":64},[58,136055,69],{"class":68},[58,136057,128399],{"class":239},[58,136059,243],{"class":68},[16,136061,132],{},[49,136063,136065],{"className":51,"code":136064,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"I like dogs\n",[20,136066,136067],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136068,136069],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136070,136064],{"class":286},[16,136072,155,136073,136076],{},[20,136074,136075],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[44,136078,1788,136080,1791],{"id":136079},"what-replace-does",[20,136081,122700],{},[16,136083,136084,136086],{},[20,136085,122700],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[16,136088,11198],{},[28,136090,136091,136093,136095,136098],{},[31,136092,131777],{},[31,136094,134495],{},[31,136096,136097],{},"It works on exact matches",[31,136099,136100,136101],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[20,136102,39425],{},[16,136104,123281,136105,499],{},[374,136106,123284],{"href":49145},[44,136108,3556],{"id":3555},[49,136110,136112],{"className":51,"code":136111,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[20,136113,136114,136134],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136115,136116,136118,136120,136122,136124,136127,136129,136132],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136117,59347],{"class":286},[58,136119,499],{"class":68},[58,136121,33159],{"class":239},[58,136123,69],{"class":68},[58,136125,136126],{"class":239},"old",[58,136128,1082],{"class":68},[58,136130,136131],{"class":239}," new",[58,136133,243],{"class":68},[58,136135,136136,136138,136140,136142,136144,136146,136148,136150,136152,136154],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136137,59347],{"class":286},[58,136139,499],{"class":68},[58,136141,33159],{"class":239},[58,136143,69],{"class":68},[58,136145,136126],{"class":239},[58,136147,1082],{"class":68},[58,136149,136131],{"class":239},[58,136151,1082],{"class":68},[58,136153,47771],{"class":239},[58,136155,243],{"class":68},[617,136157,15545],{"id":15544},[28,136159,136160,136165,136171],{},[31,136161,136162,136164],{},[20,136163,136126],{}," = the text to find",[31,136166,136167,136170],{},[20,136168,136169],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[31,136172,136173,136175],{},[20,136174,39425],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[44,136177,3913],{"id":3912},[16,136179,136180],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[49,136182,136184],{"className":51,"code":136183,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[20,136185,136186,136198,136228,136232,136242],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136187,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136189,32847],{"class":286},[58,136191,290],{"class":77},[58,136193,1450],{"class":939},[58,136195,136015],{"class":943},[58,136197,1456],{"class":939},[58,136199,136200,136202,136204,136206,136208,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218,136220,136222,136224,136226],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136201,128368],{"class":286},[58,136203,290],{"class":77},[58,136205,41008],{"class":286},[58,136207,499],{"class":68},[58,136209,33159],{"class":239},[58,136211,69],{"class":68},[58,136213,940],{"class":939},[58,136215,136036],{"class":943},[58,136217,940],{"class":939},[58,136219,1082],{"class":68},[58,136221,1450],{"class":939},[58,136223,136045],{"class":943},[58,136225,940],{"class":939},[58,136227,243],{"class":68},[58,136229,136230],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136231,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,136233,136234,136236,136238,136240],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,136235,65],{"class":64},[58,136237,69],{"class":68},[58,136239,32868],{"class":239},[58,136241,243],{"class":68},[58,136243,136244,136246,136248,136250],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,136245,65],{"class":64},[58,136247,69],{"class":68},[58,136249,128399],{"class":239},[58,136251,243],{"class":68},[16,136253,132],{},[49,136255,136257],{"className":51,"code":136256,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[20,136258,136259,136264],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136260,136261],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136262,136263],{"class":286},"I like cats\n",[58,136265,136266],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136267,136064],{"class":286},[16,136269,136270],{},"Notice what happened:",[28,136272,136273,136278],{},[31,136274,136275,136277],{},[20,136276,32868],{}," did not change",[31,136279,136280,136282],{},[20,136281,128399],{}," contains the updated value",[16,136284,136285,136286,136288,136289,136291],{},"This happens because strings are ",[1855,136287,135164],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[20,136290,122700],{}," return a new string instead.",[44,136293,136295],{"id":136294},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[16,136297,87875,136298,136300],{},[20,136299,122700],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[16,136302,136303,136304,34784],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[20,136305,39425],{},[617,136307,136309],{"id":136308},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[49,136311,136313],{"className":51,"code":136312,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,136314,136315,136328,136362,136366],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136316,136317,136319,136321,136323,136326],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136318,32847],{"class":286},[58,136320,290],{"class":77},[58,136322,1450],{"class":939},[58,136324,136325],{"class":943},"cat cat cat",[58,136327,1456],{"class":939},[58,136329,136330,136332,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342,136344,136346,136348,136350,136352,136354,136356,136358,136360],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136331,301],{"class":286},[58,136333,290],{"class":77},[58,136335,41008],{"class":286},[58,136337,499],{"class":68},[58,136339,33159],{"class":239},[58,136341,69],{"class":68},[58,136343,940],{"class":939},[58,136345,35210],{"class":943},[58,136347,940],{"class":939},[58,136349,1082],{"class":68},[58,136351,1450],{"class":939},[58,136353,56299],{"class":943},[58,136355,940],{"class":939},[58,136357,1082],{"class":68},[58,136359,3623],{"class":81},[58,136361,243],{"class":68},[58,136363,136364],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136365,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,136367,136368,136370,136372,136374],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,136369,65],{"class":64},[58,136371,69],{"class":68},[58,136373,340],{"class":239},[58,136375,243],{"class":68},[16,136377,132],{},[49,136379,136381],{"className":51,"code":136380,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dog cat cat\n",[20,136382,136383],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136384,136385],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136386,136380],{"class":286},[617,136388,136390],{"id":136389},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[49,136392,136394],{"className":51,"code":136393,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,136395,136396,136408,136442,136446],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136397,136398,136400,136402,136404,136406],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136399,32847],{"class":286},[58,136401,290],{"class":77},[58,136403,1450],{"class":939},[58,136405,136325],{"class":943},[58,136407,1456],{"class":939},[58,136409,136410,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136411,301],{"class":286},[58,136413,290],{"class":77},[58,136415,41008],{"class":286},[58,136417,499],{"class":68},[58,136419,33159],{"class":239},[58,136421,69],{"class":68},[58,136423,940],{"class":939},[58,136425,35210],{"class":943},[58,136427,940],{"class":939},[58,136429,1082],{"class":68},[58,136431,1450],{"class":939},[58,136433,56299],{"class":943},[58,136435,940],{"class":939},[58,136437,1082],{"class":68},[58,136439,1085],{"class":81},[58,136441,243],{"class":68},[58,136443,136444],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136445,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,136447,136448,136450,136452,136454],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,136449,65],{"class":64},[58,136451,69],{"class":68},[58,136453,340],{"class":239},[58,136455,243],{"class":68},[16,136457,132],{},[49,136459,136461],{"className":51,"code":136460,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"dog dog cat\n",[20,136462,136463],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136464,136465],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136466,136460],{"class":286},[16,136468,136469],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[16,136471,136472,136473,499],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[374,136474,126253],{"href":122697},[44,136476,136478],{"id":136477},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[16,136480,136481,136483],{},[20,136482,122700],{}," can also change single characters.",[617,136485,136487],{"id":136486},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[49,136489,136491],{"className":51,"code":136490,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,136492,136493,136505,136535,136539],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136494,136495,136497,136499,136501,136503],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136496,32847],{"class":286},[58,136498,290],{"class":77},[58,136500,1450],{"class":939},[58,136502,2205],{"class":943},[58,136504,1456],{"class":939},[58,136506,136507,136509,136511,136513,136515,136517,136519,136521,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136508,301],{"class":286},[58,136510,290],{"class":77},[58,136512,41008],{"class":286},[58,136514,499],{"class":68},[58,136516,33159],{"class":239},[58,136518,69],{"class":68},[58,136520,940],{"class":939},[58,136522,374],{"class":943},[58,136524,940],{"class":939},[58,136526,1082],{"class":68},[58,136528,1450],{"class":939},[58,136530,58646],{"class":943},[58,136532,940],{"class":939},[58,136534,243],{"class":68},[58,136536,136537],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136538,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,136540,136541,136543,136545,136547],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,136542,65],{"class":64},[58,136544,69],{"class":68},[58,136546,340],{"class":239},[58,136548,243],{"class":68},[16,136550,132],{},[49,136552,136554],{"className":51,"code":136553,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"bonono\n",[20,136555,136556],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136557,136558],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136559,136553],{"class":286},[617,136561,136563],{"id":136562},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[16,136565,136566],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[49,136568,136570],{"className":51,"code":136569,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,136571,136572,136585,136609,136613],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136573,136574,136576,136578,136580,136583],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136575,32847],{"class":286},[58,136577,290],{"class":77},[58,136579,1450],{"class":939},[58,136581,136582],{"class":943},"a b c",[58,136584,1456],{"class":939},[58,136586,136587,136589,136591,136593,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603,136605,136607],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136588,301],{"class":286},[58,136590,290],{"class":77},[58,136592,41008],{"class":286},[58,136594,499],{"class":68},[58,136596,33159],{"class":239},[58,136598,69],{"class":68},[58,136600,940],{"class":939},[58,136602,1450],{"class":939},[58,136604,1082],{"class":68},[58,136606,4253],{"class":939},[58,136608,243],{"class":68},[58,136610,136611],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136612,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,136614,136615,136617,136619,136621],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,136616,65],{"class":64},[58,136618,69],{"class":68},[58,136620,340],{"class":239},[58,136622,243],{"class":68},[16,136624,132],{},[49,136626,136628],{"className":51,"code":136627,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"abc\n",[20,136629,136630],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136631,136632],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136633,136627],{"class":286},[16,136635,136636],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[16,136638,136639,136640,136644,136645,136649],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[374,136641,124529,136642,8881],{"href":127216},[20,136643,58704],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[374,136646,124529,136647,8881],{"href":135099},[20,136648,39819],{}," is often a better choice.",[44,136651,122176],{"id":122175},[16,136653,136654,121987],{},[20,136655,122700],{},[16,136657,125574,136658,2512,136660,125581],{},[20,136659,111213],{},[20,136661,136662],{},"\"Cat\"",[49,136664,136666],{"className":51,"code":136665,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,136667,136668,136681,136711,136715],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136669,136670,136672,136674,136676,136679],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136671,32847],{"class":286},[58,136673,290],{"class":77},[58,136675,1450],{"class":939},[58,136677,136678],{"class":943},"Cat cat CAT",[58,136680,1456],{"class":939},[58,136682,136683,136685,136687,136689,136691,136693,136695,136697,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707,136709],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136684,301],{"class":286},[58,136686,290],{"class":77},[58,136688,41008],{"class":286},[58,136690,499],{"class":68},[58,136692,33159],{"class":239},[58,136694,69],{"class":68},[58,136696,940],{"class":939},[58,136698,35210],{"class":943},[58,136700,940],{"class":939},[58,136702,1082],{"class":68},[58,136704,1450],{"class":939},[58,136706,56299],{"class":943},[58,136708,940],{"class":939},[58,136710,243],{"class":68},[58,136712,136713],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136714,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,136716,136717,136719,136721,136723],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,136718,65],{"class":64},[58,136720,69],{"class":68},[58,136722,340],{"class":239},[58,136724,243],{"class":68},[16,136726,132],{},[49,136728,136730],{"className":51,"code":136729,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Cat dog CAT\n",[20,136731,136732],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136733,136734,136737],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136735,136736],{"class":286},"Cat dog ",[58,136738,136739],{"class":32612},"CAT\n",[16,136741,136742,136743,136745],{},"Only the lowercase ",[20,136744,111213],{}," was replaced.",[16,136747,136748],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[16,136750,136751,136752,499],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[374,136753,124529,136754,8881],{"href":122256},[20,136755,122259],{},[44,136757,1788,136759,9849],{"id":136758},"what-replace-returns",[20,136760,122700],{},[16,136762,136763,136765],{},[20,136764,122700],{}," returns a new string.",[16,136767,136768],{},"If no match is found:",[28,136770,136771,136774],{},[31,136772,136773],{},"no error happens",[31,136775,136776],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[16,136778,276],{},[49,136780,136782],{"className":51,"code":136781,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,136783,136784,136796,136826,136830],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136785,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136787,32847],{"class":286},[58,136789,290],{"class":77},[58,136791,1450],{"class":939},[58,136793,1959],{"class":943},[58,136795,1456],{"class":939},[58,136797,136798,136800,136802,136804,136806,136808,136810,136812,136814,136816,136818,136820,136822,136824],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136799,301],{"class":286},[58,136801,290],{"class":77},[58,136803,41008],{"class":286},[58,136805,499],{"class":68},[58,136807,33159],{"class":239},[58,136809,69],{"class":68},[58,136811,940],{"class":939},[58,136813,240],{"class":943},[58,136815,940],{"class":939},[58,136817,1082],{"class":68},[58,136819,1450],{"class":939},[58,136821,9889],{"class":943},[58,136823,940],{"class":939},[58,136825,243],{"class":68},[58,136827,136828],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,136829,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,136831,136832,136834,136836,136838],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,136833,65],{"class":64},[58,136835,69],{"class":68},[58,136837,340],{"class":239},[58,136839,243],{"class":68},[16,136841,132],{},[49,136843,136845],{"className":51,"code":136844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"hello\n",[20,136846,136847],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136848,136849],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136850,136844],{"class":286},[16,136852,136853],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[49,136855,136857],{"className":51,"code":136856,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[20,136858,136859,136871],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136860,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136862,32847],{"class":286},[58,136864,290],{"class":77},[58,136866,1450],{"class":939},[58,136868,58579],{"class":943},[58,136870,1456],{"class":939},[58,136872,136873,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136874,128368],{"class":286},[58,136876,290],{"class":77},[58,136878,41008],{"class":286},[58,136880,499],{"class":68},[58,136882,33159],{"class":239},[58,136884,69],{"class":68},[58,136886,940],{"class":939},[58,136888,58764],{"class":943},[58,136890,940],{"class":939},[58,136892,1082],{"class":68},[58,136894,1450],{"class":939},[58,136896,5427],{"class":943},[58,136898,940],{"class":939},[58,136900,243],{"class":68},[16,136902,136903],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[49,136905,136907],{"className":51,"code":136906,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[20,136908,136909,136921],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136910,136911,136913,136915,136917,136919],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136912,32847],{"class":286},[58,136914,290],{"class":77},[58,136916,1450],{"class":939},[58,136918,58579],{"class":943},[58,136920,1456],{"class":939},[58,136922,136923,136925,136927,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945,136947,136949],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,136924,32847],{"class":286},[58,136926,290],{"class":77},[58,136928,41008],{"class":286},[58,136930,499],{"class":68},[58,136932,33159],{"class":239},[58,136934,69],{"class":68},[58,136936,940],{"class":939},[58,136938,58764],{"class":943},[58,136940,940],{"class":939},[58,136942,1082],{"class":68},[58,136944,1450],{"class":939},[58,136946,5427],{"class":943},[58,136948,940],{"class":939},[58,136950,243],{"class":68},[44,136952,2638],{"id":2637},[16,136954,136955,136956,973],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[20,136957,122700],{},[28,136959,136960,136963,136967,136970],{},[31,136961,136962],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[31,136964,6588,136965,129749],{},[20,136966,122700],{},[31,136968,136969],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[31,136971,35367,136972,136974],{},[20,136973,122700],{}," with regex-based replacements",[617,136976,136978,136979,136981],{"id":136977},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[20,136980,122700],{}," without assigning the result",[16,136983,136984,136985,973],{},"This does not update ",[20,136986,32868],{},[49,136988,136990],{"className":51,"code":136989,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,136991,136992,137004,137030],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137002],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,136995,32847],{"class":286},[58,136997,290],{"class":77},[58,136999,1450],{"class":939},[58,137001,136015],{"class":943},[58,137003,1456],{"class":939},[58,137005,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018,137020,137022,137024,137026,137028],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137007,32868],{"class":286},[58,137009,499],{"class":68},[58,137011,33159],{"class":239},[58,137013,69],{"class":68},[58,137015,940],{"class":939},[58,137017,136036],{"class":943},[58,137019,940],{"class":939},[58,137021,1082],{"class":68},[58,137023,1450],{"class":939},[58,137025,136045],{"class":943},[58,137027,940],{"class":939},[58,137029,243],{"class":68},[58,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,137033,65],{"class":64},[58,137035,69],{"class":68},[58,137037,32868],{"class":239},[58,137039,243],{"class":68},[16,137041,132],{},[49,137043,137044],{"className":51,"code":136263,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,137045,137046],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137047,137048],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137049,136263],{"class":286},[16,137051,8948],{},[49,137053,137055],{"className":51,"code":137054,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[20,137056,137057,137069,137099],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137058,137059,137061,137063,137065,137067],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137060,32847],{"class":286},[58,137062,290],{"class":77},[58,137064,1450],{"class":939},[58,137066,136015],{"class":943},[58,137068,1456],{"class":939},[58,137070,137071,137073,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137072,32847],{"class":286},[58,137074,290],{"class":77},[58,137076,41008],{"class":286},[58,137078,499],{"class":68},[58,137080,33159],{"class":239},[58,137082,69],{"class":68},[58,137084,940],{"class":939},[58,137086,136036],{"class":943},[58,137088,940],{"class":939},[58,137090,1082],{"class":68},[58,137092,1450],{"class":939},[58,137094,136045],{"class":943},[58,137096,940],{"class":939},[58,137098,243],{"class":68},[58,137100,137101,137103,137105,137107],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,137102,65],{"class":64},[58,137104,69],{"class":68},[58,137106,32868],{"class":239},[58,137108,243],{"class":68},[16,137110,132],{},[49,137112,137113],{"className":51,"code":136064,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,137114,137115],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137116,137117],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137118,136064],{"class":286},[617,137120,137122],{"id":137121},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[49,137124,137126],{"className":51,"code":137125,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[20,137127,137128,137140],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137129,137130,137132,137134,137136,137138],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137131,32847],{"class":286},[58,137133,290],{"class":77},[58,137135,1450],{"class":939},[58,137137,33027],{"class":943},[58,137139,1456],{"class":939},[58,137141,137142,137144,137146,137148,137150,137152,137154,137156,137158,137160,137162,137164,137166,137168],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137143,65],{"class":64},[58,137145,69],{"class":68},[58,137147,32868],{"class":239},[58,137149,499],{"class":68},[58,137151,33159],{"class":239},[58,137153,69],{"class":68},[58,137155,940],{"class":939},[58,137157,1959],{"class":943},[58,137159,940],{"class":939},[58,137161,1082],{"class":68},[58,137163,1450],{"class":939},[58,137165,88110],{"class":943},[58,137167,940],{"class":939},[58,137169,85],{"class":68},[16,137171,132],{},[49,137173,137174],{"className":51,"code":87123,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,137175,137176],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137177,137178],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137179,87123],{"class":286},[16,137181,137182,137183,2512,137185,137187],{},"Nothing changed because ",[20,137184,62708],{},[20,137186,88592],{}," are not the same.",[617,137189,137191],{"id":137190},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[49,137193,137195],{"className":51,"code":137194,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[20,137196,137197,137210],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137198,137199,137201,137203,137205,137208],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137200,32847],{"class":286},[58,137202,290],{"class":77},[58,137204,1450],{"class":939},[58,137206,137207],{"class":943},"red red red",[58,137209,1456],{"class":939},[58,137211,137212,137214,137216,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234,137236,137238],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137213,65],{"class":64},[58,137215,69],{"class":68},[58,137217,32868],{"class":239},[58,137219,499],{"class":68},[58,137221,33159],{"class":239},[58,137223,69],{"class":68},[58,137225,940],{"class":939},[58,137227,11239],{"class":943},[58,137229,940],{"class":939},[58,137231,1082],{"class":68},[58,137233,1450],{"class":939},[58,137235,11256],{"class":943},[58,137237,940],{"class":939},[58,137239,85],{"class":68},[16,137241,132],{},[49,137243,137245],{"className":51,"code":137244,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"blue blue blue\n",[20,137246,137247],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137248,137249],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137250,137244],{"class":286},[16,137252,137253,137254,973],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[20,137255,39425],{},[49,137257,137259],{"className":51,"code":137258,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[20,137260,137261,137273],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137262,137263,137265,137267,137269,137271],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137264,32847],{"class":286},[58,137266,290],{"class":77},[58,137268,1450],{"class":939},[58,137270,137207],{"class":943},[58,137272,1456],{"class":939},[58,137274,137275,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287,137289,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303,137305],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137276,65],{"class":64},[58,137278,69],{"class":68},[58,137280,32868],{"class":239},[58,137282,499],{"class":68},[58,137284,33159],{"class":239},[58,137286,69],{"class":68},[58,137288,940],{"class":939},[58,137290,11239],{"class":943},[58,137292,940],{"class":939},[58,137294,1082],{"class":68},[58,137296,1450],{"class":939},[58,137298,11256],{"class":943},[58,137300,940],{"class":939},[58,137302,1082],{"class":68},[58,137304,3623],{"class":81},[58,137306,85],{"class":68},[16,137308,132],{},[49,137310,137312],{"className":51,"code":137311,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"blue red red\n",[20,137313,137314],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137315,137316],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137317,137311],{"class":286},[617,137319,137321,137322,137324],{"id":137320},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[20,137323,122700],{}," for the wrong task",[16,137326,137327],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[28,137329,137330,137337,137344],{},[31,137331,155,137332,137336],{},[374,137333,137334],{"href":127216},[20,137335,58704],{}," to break a string into a list",[31,137338,155,137339,137343],{},[374,137340,137341],{"href":135099},[20,137342,39819],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[31,137345,155,137346,137348],{},[20,137347,122700],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[44,137350,1555],{"id":1554},[617,137352,10849,137354,122856],{"id":137353},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[20,137355,122700],{},[16,137357,137358],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[617,137360,137362],{"id":137361},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[16,137364,137365],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[617,137367,137369],{"id":137368},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[16,137371,137372],{},"Use the third argument:",[49,137374,137376],{"className":51,"code":137375,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[20,137377,137378],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137379,137380,137382,137384,137386,137388,137390,137392,137394,137396,137398],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137381,32868],{"class":286},[58,137383,499],{"class":68},[58,137385,33159],{"class":239},[58,137387,69],{"class":68},[58,137389,136126],{"class":239},[58,137391,1082],{"class":68},[58,137393,136131],{"class":239},[58,137395,1082],{"class":68},[58,137397,3623],{"class":81},[58,137399,243],{"class":68},[617,137401,3293,137403,137405],{"id":137402},"can-replace-remove-text",[20,137404,122700],{}," remove text?",[16,137407,137408],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[49,137410,137412],{"className":51,"code":137411,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[20,137413,137414],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137415,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137417,32868],{"class":286},[58,137419,499],{"class":68},[58,137421,33159],{"class":239},[58,137423,69],{"class":68},[58,137425,940],{"class":939},[58,137427,240],{"class":943},[58,137429,940],{"class":939},[58,137431,1082],{"class":68},[58,137433,4253],{"class":939},[58,137435,243],{"class":68},[617,137437,13051,137439,122865],{"id":137438},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[20,137440,122700],{},[16,137442,128058],{},[44,137444,1603],{"id":1602},[28,137446,137447,137451,137457,137463,137469],{},[31,137448,137449],{},[374,137450,122935],{"href":122697},[31,137452,137453],{},[374,137454,124529,137455,8881],{"href":127216},[20,137456,58704],{},[31,137458,137459],{},[374,137460,124529,137461,8881],{"href":135099},[20,137462,39819],{},[31,137464,137465],{},[374,137466,124529,137467,8881],{"href":122256},[20,137468,122259],{},[31,137470,137471],{},[374,137472,123284],{"href":49145},[1635,137474,137475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":137477},[137478,137479,137481,137484,137485,137489,137493,137494,137496,137504,137514],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":136079,"depth":88,"text":137480},"What replace() does",{"id":3555,"depth":88,"text":3556,"children":137482},[137483],{"id":15544,"depth":104,"text":15545},{"id":3912,"depth":88,"text":3913},{"id":136294,"depth":88,"text":136295,"children":137486},[137487,137488],{"id":136308,"depth":104,"text":136309},{"id":136389,"depth":104,"text":136390},{"id":136477,"depth":88,"text":136478,"children":137490},[137491,137492],{"id":136486,"depth":104,"text":136487},{"id":136562,"depth":104,"text":136563},{"id":122175,"depth":88,"text":122176},{"id":136758,"depth":88,"text":137495},"What replace() returns",{"id":2637,"depth":88,"text":2638,"children":137497},[137498,137500,137501,137502],{"id":136977,"depth":104,"text":137499},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":137121,"depth":104,"text":137122},{"id":137190,"depth":104,"text":137191},{"id":137320,"depth":104,"text":137503},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":137505},[137506,137508,137509,137510,137512],{"id":137353,"depth":104,"text":137507},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":137361,"depth":104,"text":137362},{"id":137368,"depth":104,"text":137369},{"id":137402,"depth":104,"text":137511},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":137438,"depth":104,"text":137513},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":135964,"description":137515},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":137522,"title":137523,"body":137524,"description":139543,"extension":1667,"meta":139544,"navigation":318,"path":139545,"seo":139546,"stem":139547,"__hash__":139548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":9,"value":137525,"toc":139507},[137526,137531,137536,137539,137550,137552,137607,137612,137617,137624,137626,137641,137643,137699,137701,137739,137744,137746,137770,137773,137786,137791,137793,137825,137827,137860,137866,137871,137874,137884,137887,137889,137945,137947,137997,138000,138008,138011,138067,138069,138142,138155,138163,138167,138178,138181,138184,138237,138239,138271,138274,138328,138330,138365,138368,138373,138378,138383,138386,138388,138446,138448,138482,138484,138499,138502,138504,138546,138548,138574,138579,138587,138590,138592,138674,138676,138727,138730,138741,138749,138751,138824,138826,138844,138848,138851,138855,138882,138884,138892,138896,138931,138933,138946,138950,138953,138992,138994,139011,139016,139021,139032,139035,139046,139048,139050,139076,139079,139128,139130,139147,139150,139152,139204,139206,139238,139241,139299,139304,139306,139311,139414,139416,139430,139432,139439,139444,139449,139454,139459,139464,139467,139471,139476,139478,139504],[12,137527,121529,137529,9464],{"id":137528},"python-string-split-method",[20,137530,58704],{},[16,137532,121534,137533,137535],{},[20,137534,58704],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[16,137537,137538],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[28,137540,137541,137544,137547],{},[31,137542,137543],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[31,137545,137546],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[31,137548,137549],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[44,137551,47],{"id":46},[49,137553,137555],{"className":51,"code":137554,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,137556,137557,137570,137592,137602],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137558,137559,137561,137563,137565,137568],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137560,32847],{"class":286},[58,137562,290],{"class":77},[58,137564,1450],{"class":939},[58,137566,137567],{"class":943},"apple,banana,cherry",[58,137569,1456],{"class":939},[58,137571,137572,137574,137576,137578,137580,137582,137584,137586,137588,137590],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137573,41003],{"class":286},[58,137575,290],{"class":77},[58,137577,41008],{"class":286},[58,137579,499],{"class":68},[58,137581,32628],{"class":239},[58,137583,69],{"class":68},[58,137585,940],{"class":939},[58,137587,1082],{"class":943},[58,137589,940],{"class":939},[58,137591,243],{"class":68},[58,137593,137594,137596,137598,137600],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,137595,65],{"class":64},[58,137597,69],{"class":68},[58,137599,41035],{"class":239},[58,137601,243],{"class":68},[58,137603,137604],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,137605,137606],{"class":1773},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[16,137608,155,137609,137611],{},[20,137610,58704],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[44,137613,1788,137615,1791],{"id":137614},"what-split-does",[20,137616,58704],{},[16,137618,137619,130577,137621,499],{},[20,137620,58704],{},[1855,137622,137623],{},"string method",[16,137625,47096],{},[28,137627,137628,137631,137636],{},[31,137629,137630],{},"divides a string into parts",[31,137632,117831,137633],{},[1855,137634,137635],{},"new list of strings",[31,137637,117837,137638,137640],{},[1855,137639,2751],{}," change the original string",[16,137642,276],{},[49,137644,137646],{"className":51,"code":137645,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[20,137647,137648,137661,137675,137679,137689],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137649,137650,137652,137654,137656,137659],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137651,32847],{"class":286},[58,137653,290],{"class":77},[58,137655,1450],{"class":939},[58,137657,137658],{"class":943},"red blue green",[58,137660,1456],{"class":939},[58,137662,137663,137665,137667,137669,137671,137673],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137664,41003],{"class":286},[58,137666,290],{"class":77},[58,137668,41008],{"class":286},[58,137670,499],{"class":68},[58,137672,32628],{"class":239},[58,137674,6779],{"class":68},[58,137676,137677],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,137678,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,137680,137681,137683,137685,137687],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,137682,65],{"class":64},[58,137684,69],{"class":68},[58,137686,32868],{"class":239},[58,137688,243],{"class":68},[58,137690,137691,137693,137695,137697],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,137692,65],{"class":64},[58,137694,69],{"class":68},[58,137696,41035],{"class":239},[58,137698,243],{"class":68},[16,137700,132],{},[49,137702,137704],{"className":51,"code":137703,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[20,137705,137706,137711],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137707,137708],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137709,137710],{"class":286},"red blue green\n",[58,137712,137713,137715,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733,137735,137737],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137714,2016],{"class":68},[58,137716,1396],{"class":939},[58,137718,11239],{"class":943},[58,137720,1396],{"class":939},[58,137722,1082],{"class":68},[58,137724,1391],{"class":939},[58,137726,11256],{"class":943},[58,137728,1396],{"class":939},[58,137730,1082],{"class":68},[58,137732,1391],{"class":939},[58,137734,15606],{"class":943},[58,137736,1396],{"class":939},[58,137738,1743],{"class":68},[16,137740,137741,137742,499],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[374,137743,123284],{"href":49145},[44,137745,222],{"id":221},[49,137747,137749],{"className":51,"code":137748,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[20,137750,137751],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137752,137753,137755,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137768],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137754,59347],{"class":286},[58,137756,499],{"class":68},[58,137758,32628],{"class":239},[58,137760,69],{"class":68},[58,137762,131933],{"class":239},[58,137764,1082],{"class":68},[58,137766,137767],{"class":239}," maxsplit",[58,137769,243],{"class":68},[16,137771,137772],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[28,137774,137775,137780],{},[31,137776,137777,137779],{},[20,137778,131933],{}," tells Python where to split",[31,137781,137782,137785],{},[20,137783,137784],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[16,137787,7012,137788,137790],{},[20,137789,131933],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[16,137792,276],{},[49,137794,137796],{"className":51,"code":137795,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[20,137797,137798,137811],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137799,137800,137802,137804,137806,137809],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137801,32847],{"class":286},[58,137803,290],{"class":77},[58,137805,1450],{"class":939},[58,137807,137808],{"class":943},"one two three",[58,137810,1456],{"class":939},[58,137812,137813,137815,137817,137819,137821,137823],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137814,65],{"class":64},[58,137816,69],{"class":68},[58,137818,32868],{"class":239},[58,137820,499],{"class":68},[58,137822,32628],{"class":239},[58,137824,5324],{"class":68},[16,137826,132],{},[49,137828,137830],{"className":51,"code":137829,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[20,137831,137832],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137833,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850,137852,137854,137856,137858],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137835,2016],{"class":68},[58,137837,1396],{"class":939},[58,137839,4714],{"class":943},[58,137841,1396],{"class":939},[58,137843,1082],{"class":68},[58,137845,1391],{"class":939},[58,137847,77445],{"class":943},[58,137849,1396],{"class":939},[58,137851,1082],{"class":68},[58,137853,1391],{"class":939},[58,137855,132415],{"class":943},[58,137857,1396],{"class":939},[58,137859,1743],{"class":68},[44,137861,6552,137863,137865],{"id":137862},"using-split-with-no-separator",[20,137864,58704],{}," with no separator",[16,137867,68348,137868,137870],{},[20,137869,58704],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[16,137872,137873],{},"Whitespace includes:",[28,137875,137876,137878,137881],{},[31,137877,8591],{},[31,137879,137880],{},"tabs",[31,137882,137883],{},"new lines",[16,137885,137886],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[16,137888,276],{},[49,137890,137892],{"className":51,"code":137891,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[20,137893,137894,137917,137931,137935],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137895,137896,137898,137900,137902,137905,137908,137910,137912,137915],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137897,32847],{"class":286},[58,137899,290],{"class":77},[58,137901,1450],{"class":939},[58,137903,137904],{"class":943},"Python   is",[58,137906,137907],{"class":32612},"\\t",[58,137909,131669],{"class":943},[58,137911,85327],{"class":32612},[58,137913,137914],{"class":943},"and useful",[58,137916,1456],{"class":939},[58,137918,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,137920,41003],{"class":286},[58,137922,290],{"class":77},[58,137924,41008],{"class":286},[58,137926,499],{"class":68},[58,137928,32628],{"class":239},[58,137930,6779],{"class":68},[58,137932,137933],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,137934,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,137936,137937,137939,137941,137943],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,137938,65],{"class":64},[58,137940,69],{"class":68},[58,137942,41035],{"class":239},[58,137944,243],{"class":68},[16,137946,132],{},[49,137948,137950],{"className":51,"code":137949,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[20,137951,137952],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,137953,137954,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984,137986,137988,137990,137993,137995],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,137955,2016],{"class":68},[58,137957,1396],{"class":939},[58,137959,5427],{"class":943},[58,137961,1396],{"class":939},[58,137963,1082],{"class":68},[58,137965,1391],{"class":939},[58,137967,10338],{"class":943},[58,137969,1396],{"class":939},[58,137971,1082],{"class":68},[58,137973,1391],{"class":939},[58,137975,131669],{"class":943},[58,137977,1396],{"class":939},[58,137979,1082],{"class":68},[58,137981,1391],{"class":939},[58,137983,128294],{"class":943},[58,137985,1396],{"class":939},[58,137987,1082],{"class":68},[58,137989,1391],{"class":939},[58,137991,137992],{"class":943},"useful",[58,137994,1396],{"class":939},[58,137996,1743],{"class":68},[16,137998,137999],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[617,138001,138003,8725,138005],{"id":138002},"split-vs-split",[20,138004,58704],{},[20,138006,138007],{},"split(' ')",[16,138009,138010],{},"These are not the same.",[49,138012,138014],{"className":51,"code":138013,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[20,138015,138016,138029,138033,138047],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138017,138018,138020,138022,138024,138027],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138019,32847],{"class":286},[58,138021,290],{"class":77},[58,138023,1450],{"class":939},[58,138025,138026],{"class":943},"a  b   c",[58,138028,1456],{"class":939},[58,138030,138031],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138032,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,138034,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,138036,65],{"class":64},[58,138038,69],{"class":68},[58,138040,32868],{"class":239},[58,138042,499],{"class":68},[58,138044,32628],{"class":239},[58,138046,5324],{"class":68},[58,138048,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063,138065],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,138050,65],{"class":64},[58,138052,69],{"class":68},[58,138054,32868],{"class":239},[58,138056,499],{"class":68},[58,138058,32628],{"class":239},[58,138060,69],{"class":68},[58,138062,940],{"class":939},[58,138064,1450],{"class":939},[58,138066,85],{"class":68},[16,138068,132],{},[49,138070,138072],{"className":51,"code":138071,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[20,138073,138074,138102],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138075,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138077,2016],{"class":68},[58,138079,1396],{"class":939},[58,138081,374],{"class":943},[58,138083,1396],{"class":939},[58,138085,1082],{"class":68},[58,138087,1391],{"class":939},[58,138089,2882],{"class":943},[58,138091,1396],{"class":939},[58,138093,1082],{"class":68},[58,138095,1391],{"class":939},[58,138097,7878],{"class":943},[58,138099,1396],{"class":939},[58,138101,1743],{"class":68},[58,138103,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138105,2016],{"class":68},[58,138107,1396],{"class":939},[58,138109,374],{"class":943},[58,138111,1396],{"class":939},[58,138113,1082],{"class":68},[58,138115,1952],{"class":939},[58,138117,1082],{"class":68},[58,138119,1391],{"class":939},[58,138121,2882],{"class":943},[58,138123,1396],{"class":939},[58,138125,1082],{"class":68},[58,138127,1952],{"class":939},[58,138129,1082],{"class":68},[58,138131,1952],{"class":939},[58,138133,1082],{"class":68},[58,138135,1391],{"class":939},[58,138137,7878],{"class":943},[58,138139,1396],{"class":939},[58,138141,1743],{"class":68},[28,138143,138144,138149],{},[31,138145,138146,138148],{},[20,138147,58704],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[31,138150,138151,138154],{},[20,138152,138153],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[16,138156,138157,138158,138162],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[374,138159,124529,138160,8881],{"href":135099},[20,138161,39819],{}," is often useful.",[44,138164,138166],{"id":138165},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[16,138168,138169,138170,257,138173,261,138175,499],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[20,138171,138172],{},"\",\"",[20,138174,131768],{},[20,138176,138177],{},"\"::\"",[16,138179,138180],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[16,138182,138183],{},"Example with commas:",[49,138185,138187],{"className":51,"code":138186,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[20,138188,138189,138201,138223,138227],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138190,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138192,32847],{"class":286},[58,138194,290],{"class":77},[58,138196,1450],{"class":939},[58,138198,137567],{"class":943},[58,138200,1456],{"class":939},[58,138202,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211,138213,138215,138217,138219,138221],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138204,41003],{"class":286},[58,138206,290],{"class":77},[58,138208,41008],{"class":286},[58,138210,499],{"class":68},[58,138212,32628],{"class":239},[58,138214,69],{"class":68},[58,138216,940],{"class":939},[58,138218,1082],{"class":943},[58,138220,940],{"class":939},[58,138222,243],{"class":68},[58,138224,138225],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,138226,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,138228,138229,138231,138233,138235],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,138230,65],{"class":64},[58,138232,69],{"class":68},[58,138234,41035],{"class":239},[58,138236,243],{"class":68},[16,138238,132],{},[49,138240,138241],{"className":51,"code":76624,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,138242,138243],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138244,138245,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138246,2016],{"class":68},[58,138248,1396],{"class":939},[58,138250,2196],{"class":943},[58,138252,1396],{"class":939},[58,138254,1082],{"class":68},[58,138256,1391],{"class":939},[58,138258,2205],{"class":943},[58,138260,1396],{"class":939},[58,138262,1082],{"class":68},[58,138264,1391],{"class":939},[58,138266,2214],{"class":943},[58,138268,1396],{"class":939},[58,138270,1743],{"class":68},[16,138272,138273],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[49,138275,138277],{"className":51,"code":138276,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[20,138278,138279,138292,138314,138318],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138280,138281,138283,138285,138287,138290],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138282,32847],{"class":286},[58,138284,290],{"class":77},[58,138286,1450],{"class":939},[58,138288,138289],{"class":943},"2024::10::31",[58,138291,1456],{"class":939},[58,138293,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138295,41003],{"class":286},[58,138297,290],{"class":77},[58,138299,41008],{"class":286},[58,138301,499],{"class":68},[58,138303,32628],{"class":239},[58,138305,69],{"class":68},[58,138307,940],{"class":939},[58,138309,74841],{"class":943},[58,138311,940],{"class":939},[58,138313,243],{"class":68},[58,138315,138316],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,138317,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,138319,138320,138322,138324,138326],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,138321,65],{"class":64},[58,138323,69],{"class":68},[58,138325,41035],{"class":239},[58,138327,243],{"class":68},[16,138329,132],{},[49,138331,138333],{"className":51,"code":138332,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[20,138334,138335],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138336,138337,138339,138341,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138361,138363],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138338,2016],{"class":68},[58,138340,1396],{"class":939},[58,138342,138343],{"class":943},"2024",[58,138345,1396],{"class":939},[58,138347,1082],{"class":68},[58,138349,1391],{"class":939},[58,138351,408],{"class":943},[58,138353,1396],{"class":939},[58,138355,1082],{"class":68},[58,138357,1391],{"class":939},[58,138359,138360],{"class":943},"31",[58,138362,1396],{"class":939},[58,138364,1743],{"class":68},[16,138366,138367],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[16,138369,138370,138371,499],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[374,138372,127213],{"href":127212},[44,138374,6552,138376],{"id":138375},"using-maxsplit",[20,138377,137784],{},[16,138379,138380,138382],{},[20,138381,137784],{}," limits the number of splits.",[16,138384,138385],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[16,138387,276],{},[49,138389,138391],{"className":51,"code":138390,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[20,138392,138393,138406,138432,138436],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138394,138395,138397,138399,138401,138404],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138396,32847],{"class":286},[58,138398,290],{"class":77},[58,138400,1450],{"class":939},[58,138402,138403],{"class":943},"name:age:city:country",[58,138405,1456],{"class":939},[58,138407,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138409,41003],{"class":286},[58,138411,290],{"class":77},[58,138413,41008],{"class":286},[58,138415,499],{"class":68},[58,138417,32628],{"class":239},[58,138419,69],{"class":68},[58,138421,940],{"class":939},[58,138423,973],{"class":943},[58,138425,940],{"class":939},[58,138427,1082],{"class":68},[58,138429,1085],{"class":81},[58,138431,243],{"class":68},[58,138433,138434],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,138435,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,138437,138438,138440,138442,138444],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,138439,65],{"class":64},[58,138441,69],{"class":68},[58,138443,41035],{"class":239},[58,138445,243],{"class":68},[16,138447,132],{},[49,138449,138451],{"className":51,"code":138450,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[20,138452,138453],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138454,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469,138471,138473,138475,138478,138480],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138456,2016],{"class":68},[58,138458,1396],{"class":939},[58,138460,5799],{"class":943},[58,138462,1396],{"class":939},[58,138464,1082],{"class":68},[58,138466,1391],{"class":939},[58,138468,7437],{"class":943},[58,138470,1396],{"class":939},[58,138472,1082],{"class":68},[58,138474,1391],{"class":939},[58,138476,138477],{"class":943},"city:country",[58,138479,1396],{"class":939},[58,138481,1743],{"class":68},[16,138483,246],{},[28,138485,138486,138491,138496],{},[31,138487,138488,138489],{},"Python splits at the first ",[20,138490,973],{},[31,138492,138493,138494],{},"then splits at the second ",[20,138495,973],{},[31,138497,138498],{},"then stops",[16,138500,138501],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[16,138503,50250],{},[49,138505,138507],{"className":51,"code":138506,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[20,138508,138509,138522],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138510,138511,138513,138515,138517,138520],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138512,32847],{"class":286},[58,138514,290],{"class":77},[58,138516,1450],{"class":939},[58,138518,138519],{"class":943},"apple banana cherry grape",[58,138521,1456],{"class":939},[58,138523,138524,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138525,65],{"class":64},[58,138527,69],{"class":68},[58,138529,32868],{"class":239},[58,138531,499],{"class":68},[58,138533,32628],{"class":239},[58,138535,69],{"class":68},[58,138537,940],{"class":939},[58,138539,1450],{"class":939},[58,138541,1082],{"class":68},[58,138543,3623],{"class":81},[58,138545,85],{"class":68},[16,138547,132],{},[49,138549,138551],{"className":51,"code":138550,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[20,138552,138553],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138570,138572],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138556,2016],{"class":68},[58,138558,1396],{"class":939},[58,138560,2196],{"class":943},[58,138562,1396],{"class":939},[58,138564,1082],{"class":68},[58,138566,1391],{"class":939},[58,138568,138569],{"class":943},"banana cherry grape",[58,138571,1396],{"class":939},[58,138573,1743],{"class":68},[44,138575,1788,138577,9849],{"id":138576},"what-split-returns",[20,138578,58704],{},[16,138580,138581,138582,138584,138585,499],{},"The result of ",[20,138583,58704],{}," is always a ",[1855,138586,6227],{},[16,138588,138589],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[16,138591,276],{},[49,138593,138595],{"className":51,"code":138594,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[20,138596,138597,138610,138632,138636,138646,138660],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138598,138599,138601,138603,138605,138608],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138600,32847],{"class":286},[58,138602,290],{"class":77},[58,138604,1450],{"class":939},[58,138606,138607],{"class":943},"cat,dog,bird",[58,138609,1456],{"class":939},[58,138611,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138613,41003],{"class":286},[58,138615,290],{"class":77},[58,138617,41008],{"class":286},[58,138619,499],{"class":68},[58,138621,32628],{"class":239},[58,138623,69],{"class":68},[58,138625,940],{"class":939},[58,138627,1082],{"class":943},[58,138629,940],{"class":939},[58,138631,243],{"class":68},[58,138633,138634],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,138635,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,138637,138638,138640,138642,138644],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,138639,65],{"class":64},[58,138641,69],{"class":68},[58,138643,41035],{"class":239},[58,138645,243],{"class":68},[58,138647,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,138649,65],{"class":64},[58,138651,69],{"class":68},[58,138653,1316],{"class":991},[58,138655,69],{"class":68},[58,138657,41035],{"class":239},[58,138659,85],{"class":68},[58,138661,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,138663,65],{"class":64},[58,138665,69],{"class":68},[58,138667,41035],{"class":239},[58,138669,2016],{"class":68},[58,138671,183],{"class":81},[58,138673,2004],{"class":68},[16,138675,132],{},[49,138677,138679],{"className":51,"code":138678,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[20,138680,138681,138709,138723],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138684,2016],{"class":68},[58,138686,1396],{"class":939},[58,138688,35210],{"class":943},[58,138690,1396],{"class":939},[58,138692,1082],{"class":68},[58,138694,1391],{"class":939},[58,138696,56299],{"class":943},[58,138698,1396],{"class":939},[58,138700,1082],{"class":68},[58,138702,1391],{"class":939},[58,138704,56316],{"class":943},[58,138706,1396],{"class":939},[58,138708,1743],{"class":68},[58,138710,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138712,1385],{"class":77},[58,138714,1388],{"class":126},[58,138716,1391],{"class":939},[58,138718,6227],{"class":943},[58,138720,1396],{"class":939},[58,138722,1399],{"class":77},[58,138724,138725],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,138726,83643],{"class":286},[16,138728,138729],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[28,138731,138732,138735,138738],{},[31,138733,138734],{},"loop over it",[31,138736,138737],{},"access items by index",[31,138739,138740],{},"combine items again later",[16,138742,138743,138744,499],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[374,138745,124529,138747,8881],{"href":138746},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[20,138748,131611],{},[16,138750,276],{},[49,138752,138754],{"className":51,"code":138753,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[20,138755,138756,138788,138810,138814],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138757,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138759,41003],{"class":286},[58,138761,290],{"class":77},[58,138763,1730],{"class":68},[58,138765,1396],{"class":939},[58,138767,35210],{"class":943},[58,138769,1396],{"class":939},[58,138771,1082],{"class":68},[58,138773,1391],{"class":939},[58,138775,56299],{"class":943},[58,138777,1396],{"class":939},[58,138779,1082],{"class":68},[58,138781,1391],{"class":939},[58,138783,56316],{"class":943},[58,138785,1396],{"class":939},[58,138787,1743],{"class":68},[58,138789,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138791,32847],{"class":286},[58,138793,290],{"class":77},[58,138795,1450],{"class":939},[58,138797,78],{"class":943},[58,138799,940],{"class":939},[58,138801,499],{"class":68},[58,138803,131688],{"class":239},[58,138805,69],{"class":68},[58,138807,41035],{"class":239},[58,138809,243],{"class":68},[58,138811,138812],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,138813,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,138815,138816,138818,138820,138822],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,138817,65],{"class":64},[58,138819,69],{"class":68},[58,138821,32868],{"class":239},[58,138823,243],{"class":68},[16,138825,132],{},[49,138827,138829],{"className":51,"code":138828,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"cat-dog-bird\n",[20,138830,138831],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138832,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138834,35210],{"class":286},[58,138836,78],{"class":77},[58,138838,56299],{"class":286},[58,138840,78],{"class":77},[58,138842,138843],{"class":286},"bird\n",[44,138845,138847],{"id":138846},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[16,138849,138850],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[617,138852,138854],{"id":138853},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[49,138856,138858],{"className":51,"code":138857,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[20,138859,138860,138868],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138861,138862,138864,138866],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138863,32847],{"class":286},[58,138865,290],{"class":77},[58,138867,6014],{"class":939},[58,138869,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138871,65],{"class":64},[58,138873,69],{"class":68},[58,138875,32868],{"class":239},[58,138877,499],{"class":68},[58,138879,32628],{"class":239},[58,138881,5324],{"class":68},[16,138883,132],{},[49,138885,138886],{"className":51,"code":36461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,138887,138888],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138889,138890],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138891,36461],{"class":68},[617,138893,138895],{"id":138894},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[49,138897,138899],{"className":51,"code":138898,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[20,138900,138901,138909],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138902,138903,138905,138907],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138904,32847],{"class":286},[58,138906,290],{"class":77},[58,138908,6014],{"class":939},[58,138910,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138912,65],{"class":64},[58,138914,69],{"class":68},[58,138916,32868],{"class":239},[58,138918,499],{"class":68},[58,138920,32628],{"class":239},[58,138922,69],{"class":68},[58,138924,940],{"class":939},[58,138926,1082],{"class":943},[58,138928,940],{"class":939},[58,138930,85],{"class":68},[16,138932,132],{},[49,138934,138936],{"className":51,"code":138935,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['']\n",[20,138937,138938],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138939,138940,138942,138944],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138941,2016],{"class":68},[58,138943,1886],{"class":939},[58,138945,1743],{"class":68},[617,138947,138949],{"id":138948},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[16,138951,138952],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[49,138954,138956],{"className":51,"code":138955,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[20,138957,138958,138970],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,138959,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,138961,32847],{"class":286},[58,138963,290],{"class":77},[58,138965,1450],{"class":939},[58,138967,1959],{"class":943},[58,138969,1456],{"class":939},[58,138971,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,138973,65],{"class":64},[58,138975,69],{"class":68},[58,138977,32868],{"class":239},[58,138979,499],{"class":68},[58,138981,32628],{"class":239},[58,138983,69],{"class":68},[58,138985,940],{"class":939},[58,138987,1082],{"class":943},[58,138989,940],{"class":939},[58,138991,85],{"class":68},[16,138993,132],{},[49,138995,138997],{"className":51,"code":138996,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"['hello']\n",[20,138998,138999],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139000,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139002,2016],{"class":68},[58,139004,1396],{"class":939},[58,139006,1959],{"class":943},[58,139008,1396],{"class":939},[58,139010,1743],{"class":68},[44,139012,3083,139014],{"id":139013},"when-to-use-split",[20,139015,58704],{},[16,139017,155,139018,139020],{},[20,139019,58704],{}," when you need to:",[28,139022,139023,139026,139029],{},[31,139024,139025],{},"split a sentence into words",[31,139027,139028],{},"split comma-separated values",[31,139030,139031],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[16,139033,139034],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[28,139036,139037,139040,139043],{},[31,139038,139039],{},"cleaning text",[31,139041,139042],{},"parsing user input",[31,139044,139045],{},"processing simple file content",[44,139047,914],{"id":913},[16,139049,82414],{},[28,139051,139052,139056,139062,139065,139073],{},[31,139053,48675,139054,129749],{},[20,139055,58704],{},[31,139057,139058,139059,139061],{},"forgetting that ",[20,139060,58704],{}," returns a list, not a string",[31,139063,139064],{},"using the wrong separator",[31,139066,139067,139068,139070,139071],{},"assuming ",[20,139069,138007],{}," behaves the same as ",[20,139072,58704],{},[31,139074,139075],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[16,139077,139078],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[49,139080,139082],{"className":51,"code":139081,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[20,139083,139084,139096,139114,139118],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139085,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139087,32847],{"class":286},[58,139089,290],{"class":77},[58,139091,1450],{"class":939},[58,139093,40996],{"class":943},[58,139095,1456],{"class":939},[58,139097,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139099,32868],{"class":286},[58,139101,499],{"class":68},[58,139103,32628],{"class":239},[58,139105,69],{"class":68},[58,139107,940],{"class":939},[58,139109,1082],{"class":943},[58,139111,940],{"class":939},[58,139113,243],{"class":68},[58,139115,139116],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,139117,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,139119,139120,139122,139124,139126],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,139121,65],{"class":64},[58,139123,69],{"class":68},[58,139125,32868],{"class":239},[58,139127,243],{"class":68},[16,139129,132],{},[49,139131,139133],{"className":51,"code":139132,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a,b,c\n",[20,139134,139135],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139136,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139138,374],{"class":286},[58,139140,1082],{"class":68},[58,139142,2882],{"class":286},[58,139144,1082],{"class":68},[58,139146,67420],{"class":286},[16,139148,139149],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[16,139151,8948],{},[49,139153,139154],{"className":51,"code":40983,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,139155,139156,139168,139190,139194],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139157,139158,139160,139162,139164,139166],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139159,32847],{"class":286},[58,139161,290],{"class":77},[58,139163,1450],{"class":939},[58,139165,40996],{"class":943},[58,139167,1456],{"class":939},[58,139169,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139171,41003],{"class":286},[58,139173,290],{"class":77},[58,139175,41008],{"class":286},[58,139177,499],{"class":68},[58,139179,32628],{"class":239},[58,139181,69],{"class":68},[58,139183,940],{"class":939},[58,139185,1082],{"class":943},[58,139187,940],{"class":939},[58,139189,243],{"class":68},[58,139191,139192],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,139193,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,139195,139196,139198,139200,139202],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,139197,65],{"class":64},[58,139199,69],{"class":68},[58,139201,41035],{"class":239},[58,139203,243],{"class":68},[16,139205,132],{},[49,139207,139208],{"className":51,"code":41042,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,139209,139210],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139211,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139213,2016],{"class":68},[58,139215,1396],{"class":939},[58,139217,374],{"class":943},[58,139219,1396],{"class":939},[58,139221,1082],{"class":68},[58,139223,1391],{"class":939},[58,139225,2882],{"class":943},[58,139227,1396],{"class":939},[58,139229,1082],{"class":68},[58,139231,1391],{"class":939},[58,139233,7878],{"class":943},[58,139235,1396],{"class":939},[58,139237,1743],{"class":68},[16,139239,139240],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[49,139242,139244],{"className":51,"code":139243,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[20,139245,139246,139259,139281,139285],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139247,139248,139250,139252,139254,139257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139249,32847],{"class":286},[58,139251,290],{"class":77},[58,139253,1450],{"class":939},[58,139255,139256],{"class":943},"apple,banana",[58,139258,1456],{"class":939},[58,139260,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139262,41003],{"class":286},[58,139264,290],{"class":77},[58,139266,41008],{"class":286},[58,139268,499],{"class":68},[58,139270,32628],{"class":239},[58,139272,69],{"class":68},[58,139274,940],{"class":939},[58,139276,1082],{"class":943},[58,139278,940],{"class":939},[58,139280,243],{"class":68},[58,139282,139283],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,139284,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,139286,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,139288,65],{"class":64},[58,139290,69],{"class":68},[58,139292,41035],{"class":239},[58,139294,2016],{"class":68},[58,139296,117],{"class":81},[58,139298,2004],{"class":68},[16,139300,139301,139302,499],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[374,139303,67433],{"href":67432},[617,139305,58883],{"id":58882},[16,139307,7012,139308,139310],{},[20,139309,58704],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[49,139312,139314],{"className":51,"code":139313,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[20,139315,139316,139326,139340,139362,139388],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139317,139318,139320,139322,139324],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139319,65],{"class":64},[58,139321,69],{"class":68},[58,139323,32868],{"class":239},[58,139325,243],{"class":68},[58,139327,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139329,65],{"class":64},[58,139331,69],{"class":68},[58,139333,32868],{"class":239},[58,139335,499],{"class":68},[58,139337,32628],{"class":239},[58,139339,5324],{"class":68},[58,139341,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350,139352,139354,139356,139358,139360],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,139343,65],{"class":64},[58,139345,69],{"class":68},[58,139347,32868],{"class":239},[58,139349,499],{"class":68},[58,139351,32628],{"class":239},[58,139353,69],{"class":68},[58,139355,1396],{"class":939},[58,139357,1082],{"class":943},[58,139359,1396],{"class":939},[58,139361,85],{"class":68},[58,139363,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,139365,65],{"class":64},[58,139367,69],{"class":68},[58,139369,9303],{"class":64},[58,139371,69],{"class":68},[58,139373,32868],{"class":239},[58,139375,499],{"class":68},[58,139377,32628],{"class":239},[58,139379,69],{"class":68},[58,139381,1396],{"class":939},[58,139383,1082],{"class":943},[58,139385,1396],{"class":939},[58,139387,1002],{"class":68},[58,139389,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,139391,65],{"class":64},[58,139393,69],{"class":68},[58,139395,1316],{"class":991},[58,139397,69],{"class":68},[58,139399,32868],{"class":239},[58,139401,499],{"class":68},[58,139403,32628],{"class":239},[58,139405,69],{"class":68},[58,139407,1396],{"class":939},[58,139409,1082],{"class":943},[58,139411,1396],{"class":939},[58,139413,1002],{"class":68},[16,139415,9312],{},[28,139417,139418,139421,139424,139427],{},[31,139419,139420],{},"what the original string looks like",[31,139422,139423],{},"which separator works",[31,139425,139426],{},"how many items were created",[31,139428,139429],{},"that the result is a list",[44,139431,1555],{"id":1554},[617,139433,3303,139435,2512,139437,573],{"id":139434},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[20,139436,58704],{},[20,139438,138007],{},[16,139440,139441,139443],{},[20,139442,58704],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[16,139445,139446,139448],{},[20,139447,138007],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[617,139450,10849,139452,122856],{"id":139451},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[20,139453,58704],{},[16,139455,139456,139457,54650],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[20,139458,58704],{},[617,139460,3265,139462,38125],{"id":139461},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[20,139463,137784],{},[16,139465,139466],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[617,139468,139470],{"id":139469},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[16,139472,27217,139473,139475],{},[20,139474,58704],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[44,139477,1603],{"id":1602},[28,139479,139480,139484,139490,139496,139500],{},[31,139481,139482],{},[374,139483,128134],{"href":127212},[31,139485,139486],{},[374,139487,124529,139488,8881],{"href":138746},[20,139489,131611],{},[31,139491,139492],{},[374,139493,124529,139494,8881],{"href":135099},[20,139495,39819],{},[31,139497,139498],{},[374,139499,123284],{"href":49145},[31,139501,139502],{},[374,139503,67433],{"href":67432},[1635,139505,139506],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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separator",[139516],{"id":138002,"depth":104,"text":139517},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":138165,"depth":88,"text":138166},{"id":138375,"depth":88,"text":139520},"Using maxsplit",{"id":138576,"depth":88,"text":139522},"What split() returns",{"id":138846,"depth":88,"text":138847,"children":139524},[139525,139526,139527],{"id":138853,"depth":104,"text":138854},{"id":138894,"depth":104,"text":138895},{"id":138948,"depth":104,"text":138949},{"id":139013,"depth":88,"text":139529},"When to use split()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":139531},[139532],{"id":58882,"depth":104,"text":58883},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":139534},[139535,139537,139539,139541],{"id":139434,"depth":104,"text":139536},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":139451,"depth":104,"text":139538},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":139461,"depth":104,"text":139540},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":139469,"depth":104,"text":139470},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":137523,"description":139543},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":139550,"title":139551,"body":139552,"description":141495,"extension":1667,"meta":141496,"navigation":318,"path":141497,"seo":141498,"stem":141499,"__hash__":141500},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":9,"value":139553,"toc":141454},[139554,139559,139564,139571,139644,139649,139654,139659,139675,139677,139747,139749,139751,139771,139773,139818,139823,139825,139923,139928,139932,139937,139941,139944,139986,139990,139993,140038,140042,140045,140095,140099,140104,140156,140158,140163,140174,140179,140259,140261,140273,140282,140289,140304,140306,140421,140427,140431,140434,140439,140581,140584,140591,140593,140597,140605,140674,140680,140729,140734,140739,140741,140761,140763,140829,140831,140835,140838,140842,140883,140885,140918,140923,140926,140953,140955,140998,141005,141010,141020,141086,141090,141098,141103,141154,141158,141161,141163,141172,141174,141224,141226,141333,141335,141340,141347,141353,141356,141387,141392,141394,141401,141409,141418,141421,141423,141451],[12,139555,121529,139557,9464],{"id":139556},"python-string-startswith-method",[20,139558,125897],{},[16,139560,121534,139561,139563],{},[20,139562,125897],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[16,139565,124595,139566,966,139568,139570],{},[20,139567,1710],{},[20,139569,1784],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[49,139572,139574],{"className":51,"code":139573,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[20,139575,139576,139589,139593,139618],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139577,139578,139580,139582,139584,139587],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139579,32847],{"class":286},[58,139581,290],{"class":77},[58,139583,1450],{"class":939},[58,139585,139586],{"class":943},"Python Beginner Help",[58,139588,1456],{"class":939},[58,139590,139591],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139592,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,139594,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,139596,65],{"class":64},[58,139598,69],{"class":68},[58,139600,32868],{"class":239},[58,139602,499],{"class":68},[58,139604,139605],{"class":239},"startswith",[58,139607,69],{"class":68},[58,139609,940],{"class":939},[58,139611,5427],{"class":943},[58,139613,940],{"class":939},[58,139615,3486],{"class":68},[58,139617,42022],{"class":1773},[58,139619,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139637,139639,139641],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,139621,65],{"class":64},[58,139623,69],{"class":68},[58,139625,32868],{"class":239},[58,139627,499],{"class":68},[58,139629,139605],{"class":239},[58,139631,69],{"class":68},[58,139633,940],{"class":939},[58,139635,139636],{"class":943},"Beginner",[58,139638,940],{"class":939},[58,139640,3486],{"class":68},[58,139642,139643],{"class":1773}," # False\n",[16,139645,155,139646,139648],{},[20,139647,125897],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[44,139650,1788,139652,1791],{"id":139651},"what-startswith-does",[20,139653,125897],{},[16,139655,139656,139658],{},[20,139657,125897],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[28,139660,139661,139664,139670,139672],{},[31,139662,139663],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[31,139665,3271,139666,966,139668],{},[20,139667,1710],{},[20,139669,1784],{},[31,139671,121672],{},[31,139673,139674],{},"It works only on strings",[16,139676,276],{},[49,139678,139680],{"className":51,"code":139679,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[20,139681,139682,139694,139698,139723],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139683,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139685,6009],{"class":286},[58,139687,290],{"class":77},[58,139689,1450],{"class":939},[58,139691,5427],{"class":943},[58,139693,1456],{"class":939},[58,139695,139696],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139697,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,139699,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139717,139719,139721],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,139701,65],{"class":64},[58,139703,69],{"class":68},[58,139705,5799],{"class":239},[58,139707,499],{"class":68},[58,139709,139605],{"class":239},[58,139711,69],{"class":68},[58,139713,940],{"class":939},[58,139715,139716],{"class":943},"Py",[58,139718,940],{"class":939},[58,139720,3486],{"class":68},[58,139722,42022],{"class":1773},[58,139724,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139745],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,139726,65],{"class":64},[58,139728,69],{"class":68},[58,139730,5799],{"class":239},[58,139732,499],{"class":68},[58,139734,139605],{"class":239},[58,139736,69],{"class":68},[58,139738,940],{"class":939},[58,139740,126975],{"class":943},[58,139742,940],{"class":939},[58,139744,3486],{"class":68},[58,139746,42039],{"class":1773},[44,139748,222],{"id":221},[16,139750,40551],{},[49,139752,139754],{"className":51,"code":139753,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[20,139755,139756],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139757,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139769],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139759,59347],{"class":286},[58,139761,499],{"class":68},[58,139763,139605],{"class":239},[58,139765,69],{"class":68},[58,139767,139768],{"class":239},"prefix",[58,139770,243],{"class":68},[16,139772,28921],{},[49,139774,139776],{"className":51,"code":139775,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[20,139777,139778,139796],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139779,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139781,59347],{"class":286},[58,139783,499],{"class":68},[58,139785,139605],{"class":239},[58,139787,69],{"class":68},[58,139789,139768],{"class":239},[58,139791,1082],{"class":68},[58,139793,34213],{"class":239},[58,139795,243],{"class":68},[58,139797,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139799,59347],{"class":286},[58,139801,499],{"class":68},[58,139803,139605],{"class":239},[58,139805,69],{"class":68},[58,139807,139768],{"class":239},[58,139809,1082],{"class":68},[58,139811,34213],{"class":239},[58,139813,1082],{"class":68},[58,139815,63214],{"class":239},[58,139817,243],{"class":68},[16,139819,18923,139820,139822],{},[20,139821,139768],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[16,139824,276],{},[49,139826,139828],{"className":51,"code":139827,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[20,139829,139830,139842,139846,139871,139895],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139831,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139833,32847],{"class":286},[58,139835,290],{"class":77},[58,139837,1450],{"class":939},[58,139839,58579],{"class":943},[58,139841,1456],{"class":939},[58,139843,139844],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139845,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,139847,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866,139868],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,139849,65],{"class":64},[58,139851,69],{"class":68},[58,139853,32868],{"class":239},[58,139855,499],{"class":68},[58,139857,139605],{"class":239},[58,139859,69],{"class":68},[58,139861,940],{"class":939},[58,139863,1959],{"class":943},[58,139865,940],{"class":939},[58,139867,3486],{"class":68},[58,139869,139870],{"class":1773},"      # True\n",[58,139872,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,139874,65],{"class":64},[58,139876,69],{"class":68},[58,139878,32868],{"class":239},[58,139880,499],{"class":68},[58,139882,139605],{"class":239},[58,139884,69],{"class":68},[58,139886,940],{"class":939},[58,139888,58764],{"class":943},[58,139890,940],{"class":939},[58,139892,3486],{"class":68},[58,139894,19353],{"class":1773},[58,139896,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,139898,65],{"class":64},[58,139900,69],{"class":68},[58,139902,32868],{"class":239},[58,139904,499],{"class":68},[58,139906,139605],{"class":239},[58,139908,69],{"class":68},[58,139910,940],{"class":939},[58,139912,58764],{"class":943},[58,139914,940],{"class":939},[58,139916,1082],{"class":68},[58,139918,35807],{"class":81},[58,139920,3486],{"class":68},[58,139922,42022],{"class":1773},[16,139924,139925,139926,499],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[374,139927,123284],{"href":49145},[44,139929,139931],{"id":139930},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[16,139933,139934,139936],{},[20,139935,125897],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[617,139938,139939],{"id":139768},[20,139940,139768],{},[16,139942,139943],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[49,139945,139947],{"className":51,"code":139946,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[20,139948,139949,139961],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139950,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,139952,32847],{"class":286},[58,139954,290],{"class":77},[58,139956,1450],{"class":939},[58,139958,2205],{"class":943},[58,139960,1456],{"class":939},[58,139962,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139980,139982,139984],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,139964,65],{"class":64},[58,139966,69],{"class":68},[58,139968,32868],{"class":239},[58,139970,499],{"class":68},[58,139972,139605],{"class":239},[58,139974,69],{"class":68},[58,139976,940],{"class":939},[58,139978,139979],{"class":943},"ban",[58,139981,940],{"class":939},[58,139983,3486],{"class":68},[58,139985,1774],{"class":1773},[617,139987,139988],{"id":34234},[20,139989,34234],{},[16,139991,139992],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[49,139994,139996],{"className":51,"code":139995,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[20,139997,139998,140010],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,139999,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140001,32847],{"class":286},[58,140003,290],{"class":77},[58,140005,1450],{"class":939},[58,140007,58579],{"class":943},[58,140009,1456],{"class":939},[58,140011,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140013,65],{"class":64},[58,140015,69],{"class":68},[58,140017,32868],{"class":239},[58,140019,499],{"class":68},[58,140021,139605],{"class":239},[58,140023,69],{"class":68},[58,140025,940],{"class":939},[58,140027,58764],{"class":943},[58,140029,940],{"class":939},[58,140031,1082],{"class":68},[58,140033,35807],{"class":81},[58,140035,3486],{"class":68},[58,140037,1774],{"class":1773},[617,140039,140040],{"id":50831},[20,140041,50831],{},[16,140043,140044],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[49,140046,140048],{"className":51,"code":140047,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[20,140049,140050,140062],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140051,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140053,32847],{"class":286},[58,140055,290],{"class":77},[58,140057,1450],{"class":939},[58,140059,58579],{"class":943},[58,140061,1456],{"class":939},[58,140063,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140081,140083,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140065,65],{"class":64},[58,140067,69],{"class":68},[58,140069,32868],{"class":239},[58,140071,499],{"class":68},[58,140073,139605],{"class":239},[58,140075,69],{"class":68},[58,140077,940],{"class":939},[58,140079,140080],{"class":943},"wor",[58,140082,940],{"class":939},[58,140084,1082],{"class":68},[58,140086,35807],{"class":81},[58,140088,1082],{"class":68},[58,140090,52307],{"class":81},[58,140092,3486],{"class":68},[58,140094,1774],{"class":1773},[617,140096,140098],{"id":140097},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[16,140100,140101,140103],{},[20,140102,139768],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[49,140105,140107],{"className":51,"code":140106,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[20,140108,140109,140122],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140110,140111,140113,140115,140117,140120],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140112,124612],{"class":286},[58,140114,290],{"class":77},[58,140116,1450],{"class":939},[58,140118,140119],{"class":943},"img_001.png",[58,140121,1456],{"class":939},[58,140123,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140141,140143,140145,140147,140150,140152,140154],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140125,65],{"class":64},[58,140127,69],{"class":68},[58,140129,124630],{"class":239},[58,140131,499],{"class":68},[58,140133,139605],{"class":239},[58,140135,3636],{"class":68},[58,140137,940],{"class":939},[58,140139,140140],{"class":943},"img_",[58,140142,940],{"class":939},[58,140144,1082],{"class":68},[58,140146,1450],{"class":939},[58,140148,140149],{"class":943},"photo_",[58,140151,940],{"class":939},[58,140153,49261],{"class":68},[58,140155,1774],{"class":1773},[44,140157,15569],{"id":15568},[16,140159,140160,140162],{},[20,140161,125897],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[28,140164,140165,140170],{},[31,140166,140167,140169],{},[20,140168,1710],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[31,140171,140172,125214],{},[20,140173,1784],{},[16,140175,140176,140177,5302],{},"This makes it useful in ",[20,140178,5127],{},[49,140180,140182],{"className":51,"code":140181,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[20,140183,140184,140198,140202,140223,140238,140244],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140185,140186,140189,140191,140193,140196],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140187,140188],{"class":286},"command ",[58,140190,290],{"class":77},[58,140192,1450],{"class":939},[58,140194,140195],{"class":943},"\u002Fhelp",[58,140197,1456],{"class":939},[58,140199,140200],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140201,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140203,140204,140206,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,140205,5127],{"class":1991},[58,140207,140208],{"class":286}," command",[58,140210,499],{"class":68},[58,140212,139605],{"class":239},[58,140214,69],{"class":68},[58,140216,940],{"class":939},[58,140218,125421],{"class":943},[58,140220,940],{"class":939},[58,140222,6476],{"class":68},[58,140224,140225,140227,140229,140231,140234,140236],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,140226,6202],{"class":64},[58,140228,69],{"class":68},[58,140230,940],{"class":939},[58,140232,140233],{"class":943},"This looks like a command.",[58,140235,940],{"class":939},[58,140237,243],{"class":68},[58,140239,140240,140242],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,140241,25589],{"class":1991},[58,140243,4521],{"class":68},[58,140245,140246,140248,140250,140252,140255,140257],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,140247,6202],{"class":64},[58,140249,69],{"class":68},[58,140251,940],{"class":939},[58,140253,140254],{"class":943},"This is normal text.",[58,140256,940],{"class":939},[58,140258,243],{"class":68},[16,140260,132],{},[49,140262,140264],{"className":51,"code":140263,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"This looks like a command.\n",[20,140265,140266],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140267,140268,140271],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140269,140270],{"class":286},"This looks like a command",[58,140272,120561],{"class":68},[44,140274,6552,140276,6841,140278,2512,140280],{"id":140275},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[20,140277,125897],{},[20,140279,34234],{},[20,140281,50831],{},[16,140283,18,140284,2512,140286,140288],{},[20,140285,34234],{},[20,140287,50831],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[28,140290,140291,140296,140301],{},[31,140292,140293,140295],{},[20,140294,34234],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[31,140297,140298,140300],{},[20,140299,50831],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[31,140302,140303],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[16,140305,276],{},[49,140307,140309],{"className":51,"code":140308,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[20,140310,140311,140323,140327,140356,140389],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140312,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140314,32847],{"class":286},[58,140316,290],{"class":77},[58,140318,1450],{"class":939},[58,140320,137808],{"class":943},[58,140322,1456],{"class":939},[58,140324,140325],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140326,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140328,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,140330,65],{"class":64},[58,140332,69],{"class":68},[58,140334,32868],{"class":239},[58,140336,499],{"class":68},[58,140338,139605],{"class":239},[58,140340,69],{"class":68},[58,140342,940],{"class":939},[58,140344,77445],{"class":943},[58,140346,940],{"class":939},[58,140348,1082],{"class":68},[58,140350,537],{"class":81},[58,140352,3486],{"class":68},[58,140354,140355],{"class":1773},"        # True\n",[58,140357,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382,140385,140387],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,140359,65],{"class":64},[58,140361,69],{"class":68},[58,140363,32868],{"class":239},[58,140365,499],{"class":68},[58,140367,139605],{"class":239},[58,140369,69],{"class":68},[58,140371,940],{"class":939},[58,140373,132415],{"class":943},[58,140375,940],{"class":939},[58,140377,1082],{"class":68},[58,140379,4487],{"class":81},[58,140381,1082],{"class":68},[58,140383,140384],{"class":81}," 13",[58,140386,3486],{"class":68},[58,140388,1774],{"class":1773},[58,140390,140391,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,140392,65],{"class":64},[58,140394,69],{"class":68},[58,140396,32868],{"class":239},[58,140398,499],{"class":68},[58,140400,139605],{"class":239},[58,140402,69],{"class":68},[58,140404,940],{"class":939},[58,140406,132415],{"class":943},[58,140408,940],{"class":939},[58,140410,1082],{"class":68},[58,140412,4487],{"class":81},[58,140414,1082],{"class":68},[58,140416,29100],{"class":81},[58,140418,3486],{"class":68},[58,140420,2893],{"class":1773},[16,140422,140423,140424,140426],{},"In the last example, the ",[20,140425,50831],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[44,140428,140430],{"id":140429},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[16,140432,140433],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[16,140435,140436,140437,47517],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[20,140438,39002],{},[49,140440,140442],{"className":51,"code":140441,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[20,140443,140444,140458,140472,140486,140490,140514,140518,140539,140560],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140445,140446,140449,140451,140453,140456],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140447,140448],{"class":286},"filename1 ",[58,140450,290],{"class":77},[58,140452,1450],{"class":939},[58,140454,140455],{"class":943},"img_101.jpg",[58,140457,1456],{"class":939},[58,140459,140460,140463,140465,140467,140470],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140461,140462],{"class":286},"filename2 ",[58,140464,290],{"class":77},[58,140466,1450],{"class":939},[58,140468,140469],{"class":943},"photo_202.jpg",[58,140471,1456],{"class":939},[58,140473,140474,140477,140479,140481,140484],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,140475,140476],{"class":286},"filename3 ",[58,140478,290],{"class":77},[58,140480,1450],{"class":939},[58,140482,140483],{"class":943},"doc_303.jpg",[58,140485,1456],{"class":939},[58,140487,140488],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,140489,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140491,140492,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,140493,125824],{"class":286},[58,140495,290],{"class":77},[58,140497,7374],{"class":68},[58,140499,940],{"class":939},[58,140501,140140],{"class":943},[58,140503,940],{"class":939},[58,140505,1082],{"class":68},[58,140507,1450],{"class":939},[58,140509,140149],{"class":943},[58,140511,940],{"class":939},[58,140513,243],{"class":68},[58,140515,140516],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,140517,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140519,140520,140522,140524,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,140521,65],{"class":64},[58,140523,69],{"class":68},[58,140525,140526],{"class":239},"filename1",[58,140528,499],{"class":68},[58,140530,139605],{"class":239},[58,140532,69],{"class":68},[58,140534,125876],{"class":239},[58,140536,3486],{"class":68},[58,140538,1774],{"class":1773},[58,140540,140541,140543,140545,140548,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,140542,65],{"class":64},[58,140544,69],{"class":68},[58,140546,140547],{"class":239},"filename2",[58,140549,499],{"class":68},[58,140551,139605],{"class":239},[58,140553,69],{"class":68},[58,140555,125876],{"class":239},[58,140557,3486],{"class":68},[58,140559,1774],{"class":1773},[58,140561,140562,140564,140566,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,140563,65],{"class":64},[58,140565,69],{"class":68},[58,140567,140568],{"class":239},"filename3",[58,140570,499],{"class":68},[58,140572,139605],{"class":239},[58,140574,69],{"class":68},[58,140576,125876],{"class":239},[58,140578,3486],{"class":68},[58,140580,2893],{"class":1773},[16,140582,140583],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[16,140585,72946,140586,140590],{},[374,140587,124529,140588,8881],{"href":128123},[20,140589,124587],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[44,140592,122176],{"id":122175},[16,140594,140595,121987],{},[20,140596,125897],{},[16,140598,125574,140599,2512,140602,125581],{},[20,140600,140601],{},"\"Python\"",[20,140603,140604],{},"\"python\"",[49,140606,140608],{"className":51,"code":140607,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[20,140609,140610,140622,140626,140650],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140611,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140613,32847],{"class":286},[58,140615,290],{"class":77},[58,140617,1450],{"class":939},[58,140619,5427],{"class":943},[58,140621,1456],{"class":939},[58,140623,140624],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140625,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140627,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,140629,65],{"class":64},[58,140631,69],{"class":68},[58,140633,32868],{"class":239},[58,140635,499],{"class":68},[58,140637,139605],{"class":239},[58,140639,69],{"class":68},[58,140641,940],{"class":939},[58,140643,139716],{"class":943},[58,140645,940],{"class":939},[58,140647,3486],{"class":68},[58,140649,1774],{"class":1773},[58,140651,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668,140670,140672],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,140653,65],{"class":64},[58,140655,69],{"class":68},[58,140657,32868],{"class":239},[58,140659,499],{"class":68},[58,140661,139605],{"class":239},[58,140663,69],{"class":68},[58,140665,940],{"class":939},[58,140667,126975],{"class":943},[58,140669,940],{"class":939},[58,140671,3486],{"class":68},[58,140673,2893],{"class":1773},[16,140675,125666,140676,499],{},[374,140677,140678],{"href":122256},[20,140679,122259],{},[49,140681,140683],{"className":51,"code":140682,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[20,140684,140685,140697,140701],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140686,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140688,32847],{"class":286},[58,140690,290],{"class":77},[58,140692,1450],{"class":939},[58,140694,5427],{"class":943},[58,140696,1456],{"class":939},[58,140698,140699],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140700,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140702,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713,140715,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,140704,65],{"class":64},[58,140706,69],{"class":68},[58,140708,32868],{"class":239},[58,140710,499],{"class":68},[58,140712,6776],{"class":239},[58,140714,6773],{"class":68},[58,140716,139605],{"class":239},[58,140718,69],{"class":68},[58,140720,940],{"class":939},[58,140722,126975],{"class":943},[58,140724,940],{"class":939},[58,140726,3486],{"class":68},[58,140728,1774],{"class":1773},[44,140730,3083,140732],{"id":140731},"when-to-use-startswith",[20,140733,125897],{},[16,140735,140736,140738],{},[20,140737,125897],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[16,140740,7512],{},[28,140742,140743,140746,140749,140758],{},[31,140744,140745],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[31,140747,140748],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[31,140750,140751,140752,966,140755],{},"Validating text formats like ",[20,140753,140754],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[20,140756,140757],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[31,140759,140760],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[16,140762,276],{},[49,140764,140766],{"className":51,"code":140765,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[20,140767,140768,140781,140785,140814],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140769,140770,140772,140774,140776,140779],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140771,125392],{"class":286},[58,140773,290],{"class":77},[58,140775,1450],{"class":939},[58,140777,140778],{"class":943},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[58,140780,1456],{"class":939},[58,140782,140783],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140784,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140786,140787,140789,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,140788,5127],{"class":1991},[58,140790,140791],{"class":286}," url",[58,140793,499],{"class":68},[58,140795,139605],{"class":239},[58,140797,3636],{"class":68},[58,140799,940],{"class":939},[58,140801,140754],{"class":943},[58,140803,940],{"class":939},[58,140805,1082],{"class":68},[58,140807,1450],{"class":939},[58,140809,140757],{"class":943},[58,140811,940],{"class":939},[58,140813,67737],{"class":68},[58,140815,140816,140818,140820,140822,140825,140827],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,140817,6202],{"class":64},[58,140819,69],{"class":68},[58,140821,940],{"class":939},[58,140823,140824],{"class":943},"This looks like a web URL.",[58,140826,940],{"class":939},[58,140828,243],{"class":68},[44,140830,914],{"id":913},[16,140832,21248,140833,499],{},[20,140834,125897],{},[617,140836,136969],{"id":140837},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[16,140839,140840,121987],{},[20,140841,125897],{},[49,140843,140845],{"className":51,"code":140844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[20,140846,140847,140859],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140848,140849,140851,140853,140855,140857],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140850,32847],{"class":286},[58,140852,290],{"class":77},[58,140854,1450],{"class":939},[58,140856,5427],{"class":943},[58,140858,1456],{"class":939},[58,140860,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140862,65],{"class":64},[58,140864,69],{"class":68},[58,140866,32868],{"class":239},[58,140868,499],{"class":68},[58,140870,139605],{"class":239},[58,140872,69],{"class":68},[58,140874,940],{"class":939},[58,140876,53],{"class":943},[58,140878,940],{"class":939},[58,140880,3486],{"class":68},[58,140882,2893],{"class":1773},[16,140884,37426],{},[49,140886,140888],{"className":51,"code":140887,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[20,140889,140890],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140891,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140893,65],{"class":64},[58,140895,69],{"class":68},[58,140897,32868],{"class":239},[58,140899,499],{"class":68},[58,140901,6776],{"class":239},[58,140903,6773],{"class":68},[58,140905,139605],{"class":239},[58,140907,69],{"class":68},[58,140909,940],{"class":939},[58,140911,53],{"class":943},[58,140913,940],{"class":939},[58,140915,3486],{"class":68},[58,140917,1774],{"class":1773},[617,140919,27806,140921,135451],{"id":140920},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[20,140922,125897],{},[16,140924,140925],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[49,140927,140929],{"className":51,"code":140928,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,140930,140931,140939,140943,140948],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140932,140933,140935,140937],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140934,526],{"class":286},[58,140936,290],{"class":77},[58,140938,123211],{"class":81},[58,140940,140941],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140942,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,140944,140945],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,140946,140947],{"class":1773},"# This will cause an error:\n",[58,140949,140950],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,140951,140952],{"class":1773},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[16,140954,37426],{},[49,140956,140958],{"className":51,"code":140957,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[20,140959,140960,140974],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,140961,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,140963,526],{"class":286},[58,140965,290],{"class":77},[58,140967,47073],{"class":991},[58,140969,69],{"class":68},[58,140971,48415],{"class":81},[58,140973,243],{"class":68},[58,140975,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,140977,65],{"class":64},[58,140979,69],{"class":68},[58,140981,553],{"class":239},[58,140983,499],{"class":68},[58,140985,139605],{"class":239},[58,140987,69],{"class":68},[58,140989,940],{"class":939},[58,140991,1079],{"class":943},[58,140993,940],{"class":939},[58,140995,3486],{"class":68},[58,140997,1774],{"class":1773},[617,140999,35367,141001,6841,141003],{"id":141000},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[20,141002,125897],{},[20,141004,1998],{},[16,141006,141007,141009],{},[20,141008,125897],{}," checks only the beginning.",[16,141011,141012,141013,141015,141016,499],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[20,141014,1998],{}," or methods like ",[374,141017,141018],{"href":122539},[20,141019,122524],{},[49,141021,141023],{"className":51,"code":141022,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[20,141024,141025,141037,141041,141065],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141026,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141028,32847],{"class":286},[58,141030,290],{"class":77},[58,141032,1450],{"class":939},[58,141034,58579],{"class":943},[58,141036,1456],{"class":939},[58,141038,141039],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141040,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,141042,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,141044,65],{"class":64},[58,141046,69],{"class":68},[58,141048,32868],{"class":239},[58,141050,499],{"class":68},[58,141052,139605],{"class":239},[58,141054,69],{"class":68},[58,141056,940],{"class":939},[58,141058,58764],{"class":943},[58,141060,940],{"class":939},[58,141062,3486],{"class":68},[58,141064,2893],{"class":1773},[58,141066,141067,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,141068,65],{"class":64},[58,141070,69],{"class":68},[58,141072,940],{"class":939},[58,141074,58764],{"class":943},[58,141076,940],{"class":939},[58,141078,19326],{"class":1991},[58,141080,41008],{"class":239},[58,141082,1770],{"class":68},[58,141084,141085],{"class":1773},"           # True\n",[16,141087,134003,141088,499],{},[374,141089,125565],{"href":121784},[617,141091,2825,141093,2512,141095,141097],{"id":141092},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[20,141094,34234],{},[20,141096,50831],{}," use index positions",[16,141099,141100,141101,499],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[20,141102,183],{},[49,141104,141106],{"className":51,"code":141105,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[20,141107,141108,141121,141125],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141109,141110,141112,141114,141116,141119],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141111,32847],{"class":286},[58,141113,290],{"class":77},[58,141115,1450],{"class":939},[58,141117,141118],{"class":943},"abcdef",[58,141120,1456],{"class":939},[58,141122,141123],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141124,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,141126,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141141,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,141128,65],{"class":64},[58,141130,69],{"class":68},[58,141132,32868],{"class":239},[58,141134,499],{"class":68},[58,141136,139605],{"class":239},[58,141138,69],{"class":68},[58,141140,940],{"class":939},[58,141142,141143],{"class":943},"cd",[58,141145,940],{"class":939},[58,141147,1082],{"class":68},[58,141149,1085],{"class":81},[58,141151,3486],{"class":68},[58,141153,1774],{"class":1773},[617,141155,141157],{"id":141156},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[16,141159,141160],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[16,141162,14793],{},[49,141164,141166],{"className":51,"code":141165,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[20,141167,141168],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141169,141170],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141171,141165],{"class":1773},[16,141173,14805],{},[49,141175,141177],{"className":51,"code":141176,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[20,141178,141179,141191],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141180,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141182,32847],{"class":286},[58,141184,290],{"class":77},[58,141186,1450],{"class":939},[58,141188,5427],{"class":943},[58,141190,1456],{"class":939},[58,141192,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141218,141220,141222],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141194,65],{"class":64},[58,141196,69],{"class":68},[58,141198,32868],{"class":239},[58,141200,499],{"class":68},[58,141202,139605],{"class":239},[58,141204,3636],{"class":68},[58,141206,940],{"class":939},[58,141208,139716],{"class":943},[58,141210,940],{"class":939},[58,141212,1082],{"class":68},[58,141214,1450],{"class":939},[58,141216,141217],{"class":943},"Ja",[58,141219,940],{"class":939},[58,141221,49261],{"class":68},[58,141223,1774],{"class":1773},[16,141225,30240],{},[49,141227,141229],{"className":51,"code":141228,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[20,141230,141231,141241,141255,141277,141303],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141232,141233,141235,141237,141239],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141234,65],{"class":64},[58,141236,69],{"class":68},[58,141238,32868],{"class":239},[58,141240,243],{"class":68},[58,141242,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251,141253],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141244,65],{"class":64},[58,141246,69],{"class":68},[58,141248,1316],{"class":991},[58,141250,69],{"class":68},[58,141252,32868],{"class":239},[58,141254,85],{"class":68},[58,141256,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,141258,65],{"class":64},[58,141260,69],{"class":68},[58,141262,32868],{"class":239},[58,141264,499],{"class":68},[58,141266,139605],{"class":239},[58,141268,69],{"class":68},[58,141270,940],{"class":939},[58,141272,139716],{"class":943},[58,141274,940],{"class":939},[58,141276,85],{"class":68},[58,141278,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,141280,65],{"class":64},[58,141282,69],{"class":68},[58,141284,32868],{"class":239},[58,141286,499],{"class":68},[58,141288,6776],{"class":239},[58,141290,6773],{"class":68},[58,141292,139605],{"class":239},[58,141294,69],{"class":68},[58,141296,940],{"class":939},[58,141298,126975],{"class":943},[58,141300,940],{"class":939},[58,141302,85],{"class":68},[58,141304,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,141306,65],{"class":64},[58,141308,69],{"class":68},[58,141310,32868],{"class":239},[58,141312,499],{"class":68},[58,141314,139605],{"class":239},[58,141316,3636],{"class":68},[58,141318,940],{"class":939},[58,141320,139716],{"class":943},[58,141322,940],{"class":939},[58,141324,1082],{"class":68},[58,141326,1450],{"class":939},[58,141328,141217],{"class":943},[58,141330,940],{"class":939},[58,141332,1002],{"class":68},[44,141334,1555],{"id":1554},[617,141336,10849,141338,126375],{"id":141337},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[20,141339,125897],{},[16,141341,141342,141343,966,141345,499],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[20,141344,1710],{},[20,141346,1784],{},[617,141348,3293,141350,141352],{"id":141349},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[20,141351,125897],{}," check more than one prefix?",[16,141354,141355],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[49,141357,141359],{"className":51,"code":141358,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[20,141360,141361],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141362,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141364,32868],{"class":286},[58,141366,499],{"class":68},[58,141368,139605],{"class":239},[58,141370,3636],{"class":68},[58,141372,940],{"class":939},[58,141374,374],{"class":943},[58,141376,940],{"class":939},[58,141378,1082],{"class":68},[58,141380,1450],{"class":939},[58,141382,2882],{"class":943},[58,141384,940],{"class":939},[58,141386,85],{"class":68},[617,141388,13051,141390,122865],{"id":141389},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[20,141391,125897],{},[16,141393,128058],{},[617,141395,3303,141397,2512,141399,573],{"id":141396},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[20,141398,125897],{},[20,141400,1998],{},[16,141402,141403,141405,141406,141408],{},[20,141404,125897],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[20,141407,1998],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[617,141410,26484,141412,2512,141414,6841,141416,573],{"id":141411},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[20,141413,34234],{},[20,141415,50831],{},[20,141417,125897],{},[16,141419,141420],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[44,141422,1603],{"id":1602},[28,141424,141425,141431,141437,141443,141447],{},[31,141426,141427],{},[374,141428,124529,141429,8881],{"href":128123},[20,141430,124587],{},[31,141432,141433],{},[374,141434,124529,141435,8881],{"href":122539},[20,141436,122524],{},[31,141438,141439],{},[374,141440,124529,141441,8881],{"href":122256},[20,141442,122259],{},[31,141444,141445],{},[374,141446,122928],{"href":121784},[31,141448,141449],{},[374,141450,123284],{"href":49145},[1635,141452,141453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":141455},[141456,141458,141459,141465,141466,141468,141469,141470,141472,141482,141494],{"id":139651,"depth":88,"text":141457},"What startswith() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":139930,"depth":88,"text":139931,"children":141460},[141461,141462,141463,141464],{"id":139768,"depth":104,"text":139768},{"id":34234,"depth":104,"text":34234},{"id":50831,"depth":104,"text":50831},{"id":140097,"depth":104,"text":140098},{"id":15568,"depth":88,"text":15569},{"id":140275,"depth":88,"text":141467},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":140429,"depth":88,"text":140430},{"id":122175,"depth":88,"text":122176},{"id":140731,"depth":88,"text":141471},"When to use startswith()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":141473},[141474,141475,141477,141479,141481],{"id":140837,"depth":104,"text":136969},{"id":140920,"depth":104,"text":141476},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":141000,"depth":104,"text":141478},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":141092,"depth":104,"text":141480},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":141156,"depth":104,"text":141157},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":141483},[141484,141486,141488,141490,141492],{"id":141337,"depth":104,"text":141485},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":141349,"depth":104,"text":141487},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":141389,"depth":104,"text":141489},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":141396,"depth":104,"text":141491},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":141411,"depth":104,"text":141493},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":139551,"description":141495},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":141502,"title":141503,"body":141504,"description":142958,"extension":1667,"meta":142959,"navigation":318,"path":142960,"seo":142961,"stem":142962,"__hash__":142963},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":9,"value":141505,"toc":142928},[141506,141511,141516,141519,141521,141565,141567,141575,141580,141585,141590,141592,141610,141612,141658,141660,141674,141683,141687,141689,141691,141703,141708,141711,141743,141745,141754,141759,141762,141803,141805,141813,141815,141828,141834,141838,141841,141857,141859,141908,141910,141919,141922,141981,141983,141992,141999,142002,142055,142057,142081,142088,142094,142098,142104,142107,142118,142120,142160,142162,142170,142172,142212,142214,142223,142225,142243,142246,142253,142264,142267,142284,142286,142363,142365,142396,142399,142401,142404,142430,142432,142472,142474,142483,142493,142501,142509,142514,142519,142521,142535,142537,142588,142590,142599,142609,142611,142613,142635,142638,142717,142719,142755,142758,142833,142838,142840,142846,142851,142856,142859,142865,142868,142875,142883,142887,142895,142897,142925],[12,141507,121529,141509,9464],{"id":141508},"python-string-strip-method",[20,141510,39819],{},[16,141512,30475,141513,141515],{},[20,141514,39819],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[16,141517,141518],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[44,141520,1715],{"id":1714},[49,141522,141524],{"className":51,"code":141523,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[20,141525,141526,141539,141554],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141527,141528,141530,141532,141534,141537],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141529,32847],{"class":286},[58,141531,290],{"class":77},[58,141533,1450],{"class":939},[58,141535,141536],{"class":943},"  hello  ",[58,141538,1456],{"class":939},[58,141540,141541,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141542,141543],{"class":286},"clean_text ",[58,141545,290],{"class":77},[58,141547,41008],{"class":286},[58,141549,499],{"class":68},[58,141551,6770],{"class":239},[58,141553,6779],{"class":68},[58,141555,141556,141558,141560,141563],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,141557,65],{"class":64},[58,141559,69],{"class":68},[58,141561,141562],{"class":239},"clean_text",[58,141564,243],{"class":68},[16,141566,132],{},[49,141568,141569],{"className":51,"code":136844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,141570,141571],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141572,141573],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141574,136844],{"class":286},[16,141576,155,141577,141579],{},[20,141578,39819],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[44,141581,1788,141583,1791],{"id":141582},"what-strip-does",[20,141584,39819],{},[16,141586,141587,141589],{},[20,141588,39819],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[16,141591,11198],{},[28,141593,141594,141598,141601,141604,141607],{},[31,141595,141596,129879],{},[20,141597,39819],{},[31,141599,141600],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[31,141602,141603],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[31,141605,141606],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[31,141608,141609],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[16,141611,276],{},[49,141613,141615],{"className":51,"code":141614,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[20,141616,141617,141630,141634,141648],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141618,141619,141621,141623,141625,141628],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141620,32847],{"class":286},[58,141622,290],{"class":77},[58,141624,1450],{"class":939},[58,141626,141627],{"class":943},"  hello world  ",[58,141629,1456],{"class":939},[58,141631,141632],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141633,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,141635,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,141637,65],{"class":64},[58,141639,69],{"class":68},[58,141641,32868],{"class":239},[58,141643,499],{"class":68},[58,141645,6770],{"class":239},[58,141647,5324],{"class":68},[58,141649,141650,141652,141654,141656],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,141651,65],{"class":64},[58,141653,69],{"class":68},[58,141655,32868],{"class":239},[58,141657,243],{"class":68},[16,141659,132],{},[49,141661,141663],{"className":51,"code":141662,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[20,141664,141665,141669],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141666,141667],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141668,132545],{"class":286},[58,141670,141671],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141672,141673],{"class":286},"  hello world\n",[16,141675,141676,141677,141679,141680,141682],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[20,141678,39819],{},", but the original ",[20,141681,32868],{}," value is unchanged.",[16,141684,123281,141685,499],{},[374,141686,123284],{"href":49145},[44,141688,222],{"id":221},[16,141690,24642],{},[28,141692,141693,141698],{},[31,141694,141695],{},[20,141696,141697],{},"string.strip()",[31,141699,141700],{},[20,141701,141702],{},"string.strip(chars)",[617,141704,141706],{"id":141705},"stringstrip",[20,141707,141697],{},[16,141709,141710],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[49,141712,141714],{"className":51,"code":141713,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[20,141715,141716,141729],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141717,141718,141720,141722,141724,141727],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141719,6009],{"class":286},[58,141721,290],{"class":77},[58,141723,1450],{"class":939},[58,141725,141726],{"class":943},"  Alice  ",[58,141728,1456],{"class":939},[58,141730,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141732,65],{"class":64},[58,141734,69],{"class":68},[58,141736,5799],{"class":239},[58,141738,499],{"class":68},[58,141740,6770],{"class":239},[58,141742,5324],{"class":68},[16,141744,132],{},[49,141746,141748],{"className":51,"code":141747,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Alice\n",[20,141749,141750],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141751,141752],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141753,141747],{"class":286},[617,141755,141757],{"id":141756},"stringstripchars",[20,141758,141702],{},[16,141760,141761],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[49,141763,141765],{"className":51,"code":141764,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[20,141766,141767,141780],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141768,141769,141771,141773,141775,141778],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141770,32847],{"class":286},[58,141772,290],{"class":77},[58,141774,1450],{"class":939},[58,141776,141777],{"class":943},"!!hello??",[58,141779,1456],{"class":939},[58,141781,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141799,141801],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141783,65],{"class":64},[58,141785,69],{"class":68},[58,141787,32868],{"class":239},[58,141789,499],{"class":68},[58,141791,6770],{"class":239},[58,141793,69],{"class":68},[58,141795,940],{"class":939},[58,141797,141798],{"class":943},"!?",[58,141800,940],{"class":939},[58,141802,85],{"class":68},[16,141804,132],{},[49,141806,141807],{"className":51,"code":136844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,141808,141809],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141810,141811],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141812,136844],{"class":286},[16,141814,81995],{},[28,141816,141817,141822],{},[31,141818,141819,141821],{},[20,141820,132788],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[31,141823,141824,141825,141827],{},"The order of characters in ",[20,141826,132788],{}," does not matter",[44,141829,141831,141832],{"id":141830},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[20,141833,39819],{},[16,141835,29042,141836,499],{},[20,141837,39819],{},[16,141839,141840],{},"It is useful for:",[28,141842,141843,141848,141851,141854],{},[31,141844,141845,141846,2001],{},"Cleaning ",[20,141847,1048],{},[31,141849,141850],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[31,141852,141853],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[31,141855,141856],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[16,141858,46530],{},[49,141860,141862],{"className":51,"code":141861,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[20,141863,141864,141877,141893,141897],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141865,141866,141868,141870,141872,141875],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141867,6094],{"class":286},[58,141869,290],{"class":77},[58,141871,1450],{"class":939},[58,141873,141874],{"class":943},"  sam  ",[58,141876,1456],{"class":939},[58,141878,141879,141882,141884,141887,141889,141891],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141880,141881],{"class":286},"clean_username ",[58,141883,290],{"class":77},[58,141885,141886],{"class":286}," username",[58,141888,499],{"class":68},[58,141890,6770],{"class":239},[58,141892,6779],{"class":68},[58,141894,141895],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,141896,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,141898,141899,141901,141903,141906],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,141900,65],{"class":64},[58,141902,69],{"class":68},[58,141904,141905],{"class":239},"clean_username",[58,141907,243],{"class":68},[16,141909,132],{},[49,141911,141913],{"className":51,"code":141912,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"sam\n",[20,141914,141915],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141916,141917],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141918,141912],{"class":286},[16,141920,141921],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[49,141923,141925],{"className":51,"code":141924,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[20,141926,141927,141940,141944,141966],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141928,141929,141931,141933,141935,141938],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141930,134772],{"class":286},[58,141932,290],{"class":77},[58,141934,1450],{"class":939},[58,141936,141937],{"class":943}," yes  ",[58,141939,1456],{"class":939},[58,141941,141942],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,141943,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,141945,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,141947,5127],{"class":1991},[58,141949,134792],{"class":286},[58,141951,499],{"class":68},[58,141953,6770],{"class":239},[58,141955,5496],{"class":68},[58,141957,4536],{"class":77},[58,141959,1450],{"class":939},[58,141961,6794],{"class":943},[58,141963,940],{"class":939},[58,141965,4521],{"class":68},[58,141967,141968,141970,141972,141974,141977,141979],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,141969,6202],{"class":64},[58,141971,69],{"class":68},[58,141973,940],{"class":939},[58,141975,141976],{"class":943},"Matched",[58,141978,940],{"class":939},[58,141980,243],{"class":68},[16,141982,132],{},[49,141984,141986],{"className":51,"code":141985,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Matched\n",[20,141987,141988],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,141989,141990],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,141991,141985],{"class":286},[16,141993,141994,141995,499],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[374,141996,141998],{"href":141997},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[16,142000,142001],{},"Example with file-style text:",[49,142003,142005],{"className":51,"code":142004,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[20,142006,142007,142023,142037],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142008,142009,142012,142014,142016,142019,142021],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142010,142011],{"class":286},"line ",[58,142013,290],{"class":77},[58,142015,1450],{"class":939},[58,142017,142018],{"class":943},"Python basics",[58,142020,85327],{"class":32612},[58,142022,1456],{"class":939},[58,142024,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142026,65],{"class":64},[58,142028,69],{"class":68},[58,142030,39945],{"class":64},[58,142032,69],{"class":68},[58,142034,60],{"class":239},[58,142036,85],{"class":68},[58,142038,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,142040,65],{"class":64},[58,142042,69],{"class":68},[58,142044,39945],{"class":64},[58,142046,69],{"class":68},[58,142048,60],{"class":239},[58,142050,499],{"class":68},[58,142052,6770],{"class":239},[58,142054,4417],{"class":68},[16,142056,132],{},[49,142058,142060],{"className":51,"code":142059,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[20,142061,142062,142073],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142063,142064,142066,142068,142071],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142065,1396],{"class":41495},[58,142067,142018],{"class":41499},[58,142069,85327],{"class":142070},"sfi6f",[58,142072,27856],{"class":41495},[58,142074,142075,142077,142079],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142076,1396],{"class":41495},[58,142078,142018],{"class":41499},[58,142080,27856],{"class":41495},[16,142082,6552,142083,142085,142086,499],{},[20,142084,120743],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[20,142087,85327],{},[16,142089,142090,142091,499],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[374,142092,142093],{"href":85980},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[44,142095,142097],{"id":142096},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[16,142099,142100,142101,499],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[20,142102,142103],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[16,142105,142106],{},"Python will:",[28,142108,142109,142112,142115],{},[31,142110,142111],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[31,142113,142114],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[31,142116,142117],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[16,142119,276],{},[49,142121,142123],{"className":51,"code":142122,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[20,142124,142125,142138],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142126,142127,142129,142131,142133,142136],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142128,32847],{"class":286},[58,142130,290],{"class":77},[58,142132,1450],{"class":939},[58,142134,142135],{"class":943},"??hello!!",[58,142137,1456],{"class":939},[58,142139,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142141,65],{"class":64},[58,142143,69],{"class":68},[58,142145,32868],{"class":239},[58,142147,499],{"class":68},[58,142149,6770],{"class":239},[58,142151,69],{"class":68},[58,142153,940],{"class":939},[58,142155,141798],{"class":943},[58,142157,940],{"class":939},[58,142159,85],{"class":68},[16,142161,132],{},[49,142163,142164],{"className":51,"code":136844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,142165,142166],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142167,142168],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142169,136844],{"class":286},[16,142171,50250],{},[49,142173,142175],{"className":51,"code":142174,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[20,142176,142177,142190],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142178,142179,142181,142183,142185,142188],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142180,32847],{"class":286},[58,142182,290],{"class":77},[58,142184,1450],{"class":939},[58,142186,142187],{"class":943},"abcHelloCba",[58,142189,1456],{"class":939},[58,142191,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142193,65],{"class":64},[58,142195,69],{"class":68},[58,142197,32868],{"class":239},[58,142199,499],{"class":68},[58,142201,6770],{"class":239},[58,142203,69],{"class":68},[58,142205,940],{"class":939},[58,142207,39726],{"class":943},[58,142209,940],{"class":939},[58,142211,85],{"class":68},[16,142213,132],{},[49,142215,142217],{"className":51,"code":142216,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"HelloC\n",[20,142218,142219],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142220,142221],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142222,142216],{"class":286},[16,142224,4362],{},[16,142226,142227,12201,142230,142232,142233,142235,142236,257,142238,261,142240,142242],{},[20,142228,142229],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[1855,142231,2751],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[20,142234,39726],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[20,142237,374],{},[20,142239,2882],{},[20,142241,7878],{}," characters from both ends”.",[16,142244,142245],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[16,142247,142248,142249,4760],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[374,142250,142251],{"href":128110},[20,142252,122700],{},[44,142254,142256,8725,142258,8725,142261],{"id":142255},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[20,142257,39819],{},[20,142259,142260],{},"lstrip()",[20,142262,142263],{},"rstrip()",[16,142265,142266],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[28,142268,142269,142274,142279],{},[31,142270,142271,142273],{},[20,142272,39819],{}," removes from both ends",[31,142275,142276,142278],{},[20,142277,142260],{}," removes from the left side only",[31,142280,142281,142283],{},[20,142282,142263],{}," removes from the right side only",[16,142285,276],{},[49,142287,142289],{"className":51,"code":142288,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[20,142290,142291,142303,142307,142325,142344],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142292,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142294,32847],{"class":286},[58,142296,290],{"class":77},[58,142298,1450],{"class":939},[58,142300,141536],{"class":943},[58,142302,1456],{"class":939},[58,142304,142305],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142306,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,142308,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,142310,65],{"class":64},[58,142312,69],{"class":68},[58,142314,39945],{"class":64},[58,142316,69],{"class":68},[58,142318,32868],{"class":239},[58,142320,499],{"class":68},[58,142322,6770],{"class":239},[58,142324,4417],{"class":68},[58,142326,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142342],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,142328,65],{"class":64},[58,142330,69],{"class":68},[58,142332,39945],{"class":64},[58,142334,69],{"class":68},[58,142336,32868],{"class":239},[58,142338,499],{"class":68},[58,142340,142341],{"class":239},"lstrip",[58,142343,4417],{"class":68},[58,142345,142346,142348,142350,142352,142354,142356,142358,142361],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,142347,65],{"class":64},[58,142349,69],{"class":68},[58,142351,39945],{"class":64},[58,142353,69],{"class":68},[58,142355,32868],{"class":239},[58,142357,499],{"class":68},[58,142359,142360],{"class":239},"rstrip",[58,142362,4417],{"class":68},[16,142364,132],{},[49,142366,142368],{"className":51,"code":142367,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[20,142369,142370,142378,142387],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142371,142372,142374,142376],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142373,1396],{"class":41495},[58,142375,1959],{"class":41499},[58,142377,27856],{"class":41495},[58,142379,142380,142382,142385],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142381,1396],{"class":41495},[58,142383,142384],{"class":41499},"hello  ",[58,142386,27856],{"class":41495},[58,142388,142389,142391,142394],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,142390,1396],{"class":41495},[58,142392,142393],{"class":41499},"  hello",[58,142395,27856],{"class":41495},[16,142397,142398],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[44,142400,106537],{"id":106536},[16,142402,142403],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[28,142405,142406,142414,142424,142427],{},[31,142407,142408,142410,142411,142413],{},[20,142409,142229],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[20,142412,39695],{}," once",[31,142415,142416,142417,257,142419,261,142421,142423],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[20,142418,374],{},[20,142420,2882],{},[20,142422,7878],{}," from both ends",[31,142425,142426],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[31,142428,142429],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[16,142431,276],{},[49,142433,142435],{"className":51,"code":142434,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[20,142436,142437,142450],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142438,142439,142441,142443,142445,142448],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142440,124612],{"class":286},[58,142442,290],{"class":77},[58,142444,1450],{"class":939},[58,142446,142447],{"class":943},"txt_report.txt",[58,142449,1456],{"class":939},[58,142451,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142453,65],{"class":64},[58,142455,69],{"class":68},[58,142457,124630],{"class":239},[58,142459,499],{"class":68},[58,142461,6770],{"class":239},[58,142463,69],{"class":68},[58,142465,940],{"class":939},[58,142467,124665],{"class":943},[58,142469,940],{"class":939},[58,142471,85],{"class":68},[16,142473,132],{},[49,142475,142477],{"className":51,"code":142476,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"_report\n",[20,142478,142479],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142480,142481],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142482,142476],{"class":286},[16,142484,142485,142486,257,142488,261,142490,142492],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[20,142487,499],{},[20,142489,61460],{},[20,142491,240],{}," characters from both ends.",[16,142494,51824,142495,2905,142498,142500],{},[20,142496,142497],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[1855,142499,2751],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[16,142502,142503,142504,142508],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[374,142505,142506],{"href":128110},[20,142507,122700],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[44,142510,3083,142512],{"id":142511},"when-to-use-strip",[20,142513,39819],{},[16,142515,155,142516,142518],{},[20,142517,39819],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[16,142520,34588],{},[28,142522,142523,142527,142529,142532],{},[31,142524,141845,142525,2001],{},[20,142526,1048],{},[31,142528,141850],{},[31,142530,142531],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[31,142533,142534],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[16,142536,276],{},[49,142538,142540],{"className":51,"code":142539,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[20,142541,142542,142556,142560,142573],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142543,142544,142547,142549,142551,142554],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142545,142546],{"class":286},"email ",[58,142548,290],{"class":77},[58,142550,1450],{"class":939},[58,142552,142553],{"class":943},"  user@example.com  ",[58,142555,1456],{"class":939},[58,142557,142558],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142559,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,142561,142562,142564,142567,142569,142571],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,142563,5127],{"class":1991},[58,142565,142566],{"class":286}," email",[58,142568,499],{"class":68},[58,142570,6770],{"class":239},[58,142572,19748],{"class":68},[58,142574,142575,142577,142579,142581,142584,142586],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,142576,6202],{"class":64},[58,142578,69],{"class":68},[58,142580,940],{"class":939},[58,142582,142583],{"class":943},"Email was entered",[58,142585,940],{"class":939},[58,142587,243],{"class":68},[16,142589,132],{},[49,142591,142593],{"className":51,"code":142592,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Email was entered\n",[20,142594,142595],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142596,142597],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142598,142592],{"class":286},[16,142600,142601,142602,142604,142605,499],{},"You may also combine ",[20,142603,39819],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[374,142606,142607],{"href":122256},[20,142608,122259],{},[44,142610,914],{"id":913},[16,142612,82414],{},[28,142614,142615,142619,142624,142629],{},[31,142616,6588,142617,129749],{},[20,142618,39819],{},[31,142620,6588,142621,142623],{},[20,142622,39819],{}," to remove text from the middle",[31,142625,6552,142626,142628],{},[20,142627,142497],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[31,142630,2825,142631,142634],{},[20,142632,142633],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[16,142636,142637],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[49,142639,142641],{"className":51,"code":142640,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[20,142642,142643,142657,142661,142671,142685,142699],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142644,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142646,32847],{"class":286},[58,142648,290],{"class":77},[58,142650,1450],{"class":939},[58,142652,142393],{"class":943},[58,142654,85327],{"class":32612},[58,142656,1456],{"class":939},[58,142658,142659],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142660,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,142662,142663,142665,142667,142669],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,142664,65],{"class":64},[58,142666,69],{"class":68},[58,142668,32868],{"class":239},[58,142670,243],{"class":68},[58,142672,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,142674,65],{"class":64},[58,142676,69],{"class":68},[58,142678,39945],{"class":64},[58,142680,69],{"class":68},[58,142682,32868],{"class":239},[58,142684,85],{"class":68},[58,142686,142687,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,142688,65],{"class":64},[58,142690,69],{"class":68},[58,142692,32868],{"class":239},[58,142694,499],{"class":68},[58,142696,6770],{"class":239},[58,142698,5324],{"class":68},[58,142700,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,142702,65],{"class":64},[58,142704,69],{"class":68},[58,142706,39945],{"class":64},[58,142708,69],{"class":68},[58,142710,32868],{"class":239},[58,142712,499],{"class":68},[58,142714,6770],{"class":239},[58,142716,4417],{"class":68},[16,142718,132],{},[49,142720,142722],{"className":51,"code":142721,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[20,142723,142724,142729,142733,142743,142747],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142725,142726],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142727,142728],{"class":286},"  hello\n",[58,142730,142731],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142732,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,142734,142735,142737,142739,142741],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,142736,1396],{"class":41495},[58,142738,142393],{"class":41499},[58,142740,85327],{"class":142070},[58,142742,27856],{"class":41495},[58,142744,142745],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,142746,136844],{"class":286},[58,142748,142749,142751,142753],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,142750,1396],{"class":41495},[58,142752,1959],{"class":41499},[58,142754,27856],{"class":41495},[16,142756,142757],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[49,142759,142761],{"className":51,"code":142760,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[20,142762,142763,142773,142787,142801,142819],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142764,142765,142767,142769,142771],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142766,65],{"class":64},[58,142768,69],{"class":68},[58,142770,32868],{"class":239},[58,142772,243],{"class":68},[58,142774,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,142776,65],{"class":64},[58,142778,69],{"class":68},[58,142780,39945],{"class":64},[58,142782,69],{"class":68},[58,142784,32868],{"class":239},[58,142786,85],{"class":68},[58,142788,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,142790,65],{"class":64},[58,142792,69],{"class":68},[58,142794,32868],{"class":239},[58,142796,499],{"class":68},[58,142798,6770],{"class":239},[58,142800,5324],{"class":68},[58,142802,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,142804,65],{"class":64},[58,142806,69],{"class":68},[58,142808,39945],{"class":64},[58,142810,69],{"class":68},[58,142812,32868],{"class":239},[58,142814,499],{"class":68},[58,142816,6770],{"class":239},[58,142818,4417],{"class":68},[58,142820,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,142822,30310],{"class":64},[58,142824,69],{"class":68},[58,142826,1542],{"class":991},[58,142828,499],{"class":68},[58,142830,6770],{"class":22904},[58,142832,243],{"class":68},[16,142834,142835,142837],{},[20,142836,120743],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[44,142839,1555],{"id":1554},[617,142841,10849,142843,142845],{"id":142842},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[20,142844,39819],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[16,142847,44533,142848,142850],{},[20,142849,39819],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[617,142852,10849,142854,122856],{"id":142853},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[20,142855,39819],{},[16,142857,142858],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[617,142860,3265,142862,142864],{"id":142861},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[20,142863,39819],{}," remove by default?",[16,142866,142867],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[617,142869,32364,142871,32367,142873,573],{"id":142870},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[20,142872,39819],{},[20,142874,122700],{},[16,142876,142877,142879,142880,142882],{},[20,142878,39819],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[20,142881,122700],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[617,142884,142886],{"id":142885},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[16,142888,126402,142889,142891,142892,142894],{},[20,142890,142260],{}," for the left side and ",[20,142893,142263],{}," for the right side.",[44,142896,1603],{"id":1602},[28,142898,142899,142905,142911,142916,142921],{},[31,142900,142901],{},[374,142902,124529,142903,8881],{"href":122256},[20,142904,122259],{},[31,142906,142907],{},[374,142908,124529,142909,8881],{"href":128110},[20,142910,122700],{},[31,142912,142913],{},[374,142914,142915],{"href":141997},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[31,142917,142918],{},[374,142919,142920],{"href":85980},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[31,142922,142923],{},[374,142924,123284],{"href":49145},[1635,142926,142927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":142929},[142930,142931,142933,142937,142939,142940,142942,142943,142945,142946,142957],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":141582,"depth":88,"text":142932},"What strip() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":142934},[142935,142936],{"id":141705,"depth":104,"text":141697},{"id":141756,"depth":104,"text":141702},{"id":141830,"depth":88,"text":142938},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":142096,"depth":88,"text":142097},{"id":142255,"depth":88,"text":142941},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":106536,"depth":88,"text":106537},{"id":142511,"depth":88,"text":142944},"When to use strip()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":142947},[142948,142950,142952,142954,142956],{"id":142842,"depth":104,"text":142949},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":142853,"depth":104,"text":142951},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":142861,"depth":104,"text":142953},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":142870,"depth":104,"text":142955},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":142885,"depth":104,"text":142886},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":141503,"description":142958},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":142965,"title":142966,"body":142967,"description":144147,"extension":1667,"meta":144148,"navigation":318,"path":144149,"seo":144150,"stem":144151,"__hash__":144152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":9,"value":142968,"toc":144117},[142969,142974,142979,142984,142986,143032,143040,143045,143059,143065,143067,143069,143084,143086,143096,143099,143130,143133,143156,143158,143161,143218,143220,143234,143236,143250,143256,143261,143264,143305,143307,143316,143324,143327,143372,143374,143383,143386,143390,143395,143409,143411,143443,143445,143465,143468,143473,143478,143480,143491,143494,143551,143553,143561,143570,143572,143574,143580,143582,143619,143621,143629,143631,143672,143674,143683,143688,143693,143695,143722,143729,143732,143763,143765,143774,143780,143789,143820,143822,143834,143847,143851,143856,143886,143888,143955,143957,143967,143969,143974,143977,143982,143987,143991,143997,144003,144006,144008,144066,144068,144076,144078,144114],[12,142970,121529,142972,9464],{"id":142971},"python-string-upper-method",[20,142973,126407],{},[16,142975,121534,142976,142978],{},[20,142977,126407],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[16,142980,82791,142981,142983],{},[20,142982,126407],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[44,142985,47],{"id":46},[49,142987,142989],{"className":51,"code":142988,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,142990,142991,143003,143017,143027],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,142992,142993,142995,142997,142999,143001],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,142994,32847],{"class":286},[58,142996,290],{"class":77},[58,142998,1450],{"class":939},[58,143000,127248],{"class":943},[58,143002,1456],{"class":939},[58,143004,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143006,301],{"class":286},[58,143008,290],{"class":77},[58,143010,41008],{"class":286},[58,143012,499],{"class":68},[58,143014,32637],{"class":239},[58,143016,6779],{"class":68},[58,143018,143019,143021,143023,143025],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143020,65],{"class":64},[58,143022,69],{"class":68},[58,143024,340],{"class":239},[58,143026,243],{"class":68},[58,143028,143029],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,143030,143031],{"class":1773},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[16,143033,143034,143036,143037,143039],{},[20,143035,126407],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[1855,143038,2751],{}," change the original string in place.",[44,143041,1788,143043,1791],{"id":143042},"what-upper-does",[20,143044,126407],{},[28,143046,143047,143052,143055,143057],{},[31,143048,143049,143051],{},[20,143050,126407],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[31,143053,143054],{},"It works on string values only",[31,143056,131777],{},[31,143058,134495],{},[16,143060,123281,143061,966,143063,499],{},[374,143062,134501],{"href":134500},[374,143064,123284],{"href":49145},[44,143066,222],{"id":221},[16,143068,225],{},[49,143070,143072],{"className":51,"code":143071,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"string.upper()\n",[20,143073,143074],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143075,143076,143078,143080,143082],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143077,59347],{"class":286},[58,143079,499],{"class":68},[58,143081,32637],{"class":239},[58,143083,6779],{"class":68},[16,143085,9601],{},[28,143087,143088,143090,143093],{},[31,143089,95702],{},[31,143091,143092],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[31,143094,143095],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[16,143097,143098],{},"Example with a variable:",[49,143100,143102],{"className":51,"code":143101,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[20,143103,143104,143116],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143105,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143107,6009],{"class":286},[58,143109,290],{"class":77},[58,143111,1450],{"class":939},[58,143113,53],{"class":943},[58,143115,1456],{"class":939},[58,143117,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143119,65],{"class":64},[58,143121,69],{"class":68},[58,143123,5799],{"class":239},[58,143125,499],{"class":68},[58,143127,32637],{"class":239},[58,143129,5324],{"class":68},[16,143131,143132],{},"Example with a string literal:",[49,143134,143136],{"className":51,"code":143135,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[20,143137,143138],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143139,143140,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143141,65],{"class":64},[58,143143,69],{"class":68},[58,143145,940],{"class":939},[58,143147,1959],{"class":943},[58,143149,940],{"class":939},[58,143151,499],{"class":68},[58,143153,32637],{"class":239},[58,143155,5324],{"class":68},[44,143157,9618],{"id":9617},[16,143159,143160],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[49,143162,143164],{"className":51,"code":143163,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[20,143165,143166,143178,143193,143197,143207],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143167,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143169,4281],{"class":286},[58,143171,290],{"class":77},[58,143173,1450],{"class":939},[58,143175,2205],{"class":943},[58,143177,1456],{"class":939},[58,143179,143180,143183,143185,143187,143189,143191],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143181,143182],{"class":286},"uppercase_word ",[58,143184,290],{"class":77},[58,143186,36545],{"class":286},[58,143188,499],{"class":68},[58,143190,32637],{"class":239},[58,143192,6779],{"class":68},[58,143194,143195],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143196,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,143198,143199,143201,143203,143205],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,143200,65],{"class":64},[58,143202,69],{"class":68},[58,143204,36555],{"class":239},[58,143206,243],{"class":68},[58,143208,143209,143211,143213,143216],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,143210,65],{"class":64},[58,143212,69],{"class":68},[58,143214,143215],{"class":239},"uppercase_word",[58,143217,243],{"class":68},[16,143219,132],{},[49,143221,143223],{"className":51,"code":143222,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"banana\nBANANA\n",[20,143224,143225,143229],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143226,143227],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143228,68580],{"class":286},[58,143230,143231],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143232,143233],{"class":32612},"BANANA\n",[16,143235,110643],{},[28,143237,143238,143243],{},[31,143239,143240,143242],{},[20,143241,36555],{}," keeps its original value",[31,143244,143245,143247,143248],{},[20,143246,143215],{}," stores the returned value from ",[20,143249,126407],{},[44,143251,143253,143255],{"id":143252},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[20,143254,126407],{}," does not change the original string",[16,143257,135161,143258,143260],{},[1855,143259,135164],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[16,143262,143263],{},"So this method:",[49,143265,143267],{"className":51,"code":143266,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[20,143268,143269,143281,143291,143295],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143270,143271,143273,143275,143277,143279],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143272,6009],{"class":286},[58,143274,290],{"class":77},[58,143276,1450],{"class":939},[58,143278,15954],{"class":943},[58,143280,1456],{"class":939},[58,143282,143283,143285,143287,143289],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143284,5799],{"class":286},[58,143286,499],{"class":68},[58,143288,32637],{"class":239},[58,143290,6779],{"class":68},[58,143292,143293],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143294,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,143296,143297,143299,143301,143303],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,143298,65],{"class":64},[58,143300,69],{"class":68},[58,143302,5799],{"class":239},[58,143304,243],{"class":68},[16,143306,132],{},[49,143308,143310],{"className":51,"code":143309,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"alice\n",[20,143311,143312],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143313,143314],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143315,143309],{"class":286},[16,143317,19130,143318,143320,143321,143323],{},[20,143319,126407],{}," was called, ",[20,143322,5799],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[16,143325,143326],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[49,143328,143330],{"className":51,"code":143329,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[20,143331,143332,143344,143358,143362],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143333,143334,143336,143338,143340,143342],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143335,6009],{"class":286},[58,143337,290],{"class":77},[58,143339,1450],{"class":939},[58,143341,15954],{"class":943},[58,143343,1456],{"class":939},[58,143345,143346,143348,143350,143352,143354,143356],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143347,6009],{"class":286},[58,143349,290],{"class":77},[58,143351,34153],{"class":286},[58,143353,499],{"class":68},[58,143355,32637],{"class":239},[58,143357,6779],{"class":68},[58,143359,143360],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143361,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,143363,143364,143366,143368,143370],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,143365,65],{"class":64},[58,143367,69],{"class":68},[58,143369,5799],{"class":239},[58,143371,243],{"class":68},[16,143373,132],{},[49,143375,143377],{"className":51,"code":143376,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ALICE\n",[20,143378,143379],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143380,143381],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143382,143376],{"class":32612},[16,143384,143385],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[44,143387,143389],{"id":143388},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[16,143391,143392,143394],{},[20,143393,126407],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[28,143396,143397,143400,143403,143406],{},[31,143398,143399],{},"Numbers stay the same",[31,143401,143402],{},"Spaces stay the same",[31,143404,143405],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[31,143407,143408],{},"Only letters are changed",[16,143410,276],{},[49,143412,143414],{"className":51,"code":143413,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[20,143415,143416,143429],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143417,143418,143420,143422,143424,143427],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143419,32847],{"class":286},[58,143421,290],{"class":77},[58,143423,1450],{"class":939},[58,143425,143426],{"class":943},"Room 7, table #3!",[58,143428,1456],{"class":939},[58,143430,143431,143433,143435,143437,143439,143441],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143432,65],{"class":64},[58,143434,69],{"class":68},[58,143436,32868],{"class":239},[58,143438,499],{"class":68},[58,143440,32637],{"class":239},[58,143442,5324],{"class":68},[16,143444,132],{},[49,143446,143448],{"className":51,"code":143447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[20,143449,143450],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143451,143452,143455,143457,143459,143462],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143453,143454],{"class":32612},"ROOM",[58,143456,4120],{"class":81},[58,143458,1082],{"class":68},[58,143460,143461],{"class":32612}," TABLE",[58,143463,143464],{"class":1773}," #3!\n",[16,143466,143467],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[44,143469,3083,143471],{"id":143470},"when-to-use-upper",[20,143472,126407],{},[16,143474,143475,143477],{},[20,143476,126407],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[16,143479,46508],{},[28,143481,143482,143485,143488],{},[31,143483,143484],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[31,143486,143487],{},"Format labels or headings",[31,143489,143490],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[16,143492,143493],{},"Example: simple comparison",[49,143495,143497],{"className":51,"code":143496,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[20,143498,143499,143511,143515,143537],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143500,143501,143503,143505,143507,143509],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143502,134772],{"class":286},[58,143504,290],{"class":77},[58,143506,1450],{"class":939},[58,143508,6794],{"class":943},[58,143510,1456],{"class":939},[58,143512,143513],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143514,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,143516,143517,143519,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531,143533,143535],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143518,5127],{"class":1991},[58,143520,134792],{"class":286},[58,143522,499],{"class":68},[58,143524,32637],{"class":239},[58,143526,5496],{"class":68},[58,143528,4536],{"class":77},[58,143530,1450],{"class":939},[58,143532,134779],{"class":943},[58,143534,940],{"class":939},[58,143536,4521],{"class":68},[58,143538,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547,143549],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,143540,6202],{"class":64},[58,143542,69],{"class":68},[58,143544,940],{"class":939},[58,143546,141976],{"class":943},[58,143548,940],{"class":939},[58,143550,243],{"class":68},[16,143552,132],{},[49,143554,143555],{"className":51,"code":141985,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,143556,143557],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143558,143559],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143560,141985],{"class":286},[16,143562,143563,143564,257,143566,261,143568,499],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[20,143565,6794],{},[20,143567,135565],{},[20,143569,134779],{},[44,143571,914],{"id":913},[617,143573,94063],{"id":94062},[16,143575,6250,143576,143579],{},[20,143577,143578],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[16,143581,14793],{},[49,143583,143585],{"className":51,"code":143584,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[20,143586,143587,143599,143609],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143588,143589,143591,143593,143595,143597],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143590,32847],{"class":286},[58,143592,290],{"class":77},[58,143594,1450],{"class":939},[58,143596,1959],{"class":943},[58,143598,1456],{"class":939},[58,143600,143601,143603,143605,143607],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143602,32868],{"class":286},[58,143604,499],{"class":68},[58,143606,32637],{"class":239},[58,143608,6779],{"class":68},[58,143610,143611,143613,143615,143617],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143612,65],{"class":64},[58,143614,69],{"class":68},[58,143616,32868],{"class":239},[58,143618,243],{"class":68},[16,143620,132],{},[49,143622,143623],{"className":51,"code":136844,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,143624,143625],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143626,143627],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143628,136844],{"class":286},[16,143630,14805],{},[49,143632,143634],{"className":51,"code":143633,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[20,143635,143636,143648,143662],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143637,143638,143640,143642,143644,143646],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143639,32847],{"class":286},[58,143641,290],{"class":77},[58,143643,1450],{"class":939},[58,143645,1959],{"class":943},[58,143647,1456],{"class":939},[58,143649,143650,143652,143654,143656,143658,143660],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143651,32847],{"class":286},[58,143653,290],{"class":77},[58,143655,41008],{"class":286},[58,143657,499],{"class":68},[58,143659,32637],{"class":239},[58,143661,6779],{"class":68},[58,143663,143664,143666,143668,143670],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143665,65],{"class":64},[58,143667,69],{"class":68},[58,143669,32868],{"class":239},[58,143671,243],{"class":68},[16,143673,132],{},[49,143675,143677],{"className":51,"code":143676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"HELLO\n",[20,143678,143679],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143680,143681],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143682,143676],{"class":32612},[617,143684,17059,143686,135451],{"id":143685},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[20,143687,126407],{},[16,143689,143690,143692],{},[20,143691,126407],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[16,143694,276],{},[49,143696,143698],{"className":51,"code":143697,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[20,143699,143700,143708],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143701,143702,143704,143706],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143703,287],{"class":286},[58,143705,290],{"class":77},[58,143707,123211],{"class":81},[58,143709,143710,143712,143714,143716,143718,143720],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143711,65],{"class":64},[58,143713,69],{"class":68},[58,143715,311],{"class":239},[58,143717,499],{"class":68},[58,143719,32637],{"class":239},[58,143721,5324],{"class":68},[16,143723,37818,143724,143726,143727,31759],{},[20,143725,256],{}," objects do not have an ",[20,143728,126407],{},[16,143730,143731],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[49,143733,143735],{"className":51,"code":143734,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[20,143736,143737,143745],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143738,143739,143741,143743],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143740,287],{"class":286},[58,143742,290],{"class":77},[58,143744,123211],{"class":81},[58,143746,143747,143749,143751,143753,143755,143757,143759,143761],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143748,65],{"class":64},[58,143750,69],{"class":68},[58,143752,1542],{"class":991},[58,143754,69],{"class":68},[58,143756,311],{"class":239},[58,143758,6767],{"class":68},[58,143760,32637],{"class":239},[58,143762,5324],{"class":68},[16,143764,132],{},[49,143766,143768],{"className":51,"code":143767,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"123\n",[20,143769,143770],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143771,143772],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143773,143767],{"class":81},[617,143775,35367,143777,143779],{"id":143776},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[20,143778,126407],{}," with title case",[16,143781,143782,143784,143785,143788],{},[20,143783,126407],{}," makes ",[1855,143786,143787],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[49,143790,143792],{"className":51,"code":143791,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[20,143793,143794,143806],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143795,143796,143798,143800,143802,143804],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143797,32847],{"class":286},[58,143799,290],{"class":77},[58,143801,1450],{"class":939},[58,143803,58579],{"class":943},[58,143805,1456],{"class":939},[58,143807,143808,143810,143812,143814,143816,143818],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143809,65],{"class":64},[58,143811,69],{"class":68},[58,143813,32868],{"class":239},[58,143815,499],{"class":68},[58,143817,32637],{"class":239},[58,143819,5324],{"class":68},[16,143821,132],{},[49,143823,143825],{"className":51,"code":143824,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"HELLO WORLD\n",[20,143826,143827],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143828,143829,143831],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143830,134553],{"class":32612},[58,143832,143833],{"class":32612}," WORLD\n",[16,143835,143836,143837,143841,143842,143846],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[374,143838,143839],{"href":122256},[20,143840,122259],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[374,143843,143844],{"href":128110},[20,143845,122700],{}," changes parts of a string.",[44,143848,143850],{"id":143849},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[16,143852,143853,143854,973],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[20,143855,126407],{},[28,143857,143858,143865,143872,143879],{},[31,143859,143860,143864],{},[374,143861,143862],{"href":122256},[20,143863,122259],{}," for lowercase text",[31,143866,143867,143871],{},[374,143868,143869],{"href":135099},[20,143870,39819],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[31,143873,143874,143878],{},[374,143875,143876],{"href":128110},[20,143877,122700],{}," for changing parts of a string",[31,143880,143881,2512,143883,143885],{},[20,143882,125897],{},[20,143884,124587],{}," for checks",[16,143887,276],{},[49,143889,143891],{"className":51,"code":143890,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[20,143892,143893,143905,143909,143924,143940,143944],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143894,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143896,32847],{"class":286},[58,143898,290],{"class":77},[58,143900,1450],{"class":939},[58,143902,141627],{"class":943},[58,143904,1456],{"class":939},[58,143906,143907],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,143908,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,143910,143911,143914,143916,143918,143920,143922],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,143912,143913],{"class":286},"cleaned ",[58,143915,290],{"class":77},[58,143917,41008],{"class":286},[58,143919,499],{"class":68},[58,143921,6770],{"class":239},[58,143923,6779],{"class":68},[58,143925,143926,143929,143931,143934,143936,143938],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,143927,143928],{"class":286},"loud ",[58,143930,290],{"class":77},[58,143932,143933],{"class":286}," cleaned",[58,143935,499],{"class":68},[58,143937,32637],{"class":239},[58,143939,6779],{"class":68},[58,143941,143942],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,143943,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,143945,143946,143948,143950,143953],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,143947,65],{"class":64},[58,143949,69],{"class":68},[58,143951,143952],{"class":239},"loud",[58,143954,243],{"class":68},[16,143956,132],{},[49,143958,143959],{"className":51,"code":143824,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,143960,143961],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,143962,143963,143965],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,143964,134553],{"class":32612},[58,143966,143833],{"class":32612},[44,143968,1555],{"id":1554},[617,143970,10849,143972,122856],{"id":143971},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[20,143973,126407],{},[16,143975,143976],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[617,143978,10849,143980,135833],{"id":143979},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[20,143981,126407],{},[16,143983,143984,143985,499],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[20,143986,143578],{},[617,143988,143990],{"id":143989},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[16,143992,143993,143994,143996],{},"They stay the same. ",[20,143995,126407],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[617,143998,26484,144000,144002],{"id":143999},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[20,144001,126407],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[16,144004,144005],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[16,144007,276],{},[49,144009,144011],{"className":51,"code":144010,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[20,144012,144013,144025,144038,144042],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144014,144015,144017,144019,144021,144023],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144016,637],{"class":286},[58,144018,290],{"class":77},[58,144020,1450],{"class":939},[58,144022,53],{"class":943},[58,144024,1456],{"class":939},[58,144026,144027,144029,144031,144033,144036],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144028,665],{"class":286},[58,144030,290],{"class":77},[58,144032,1450],{"class":939},[58,144034,144035],{"class":943},"PYTHON",[58,144037,1456],{"class":939},[58,144039,144040],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,144041,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,144043,144044,144046,144048,144050,144052,144054,144056,144058,144060,144062,144064],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,144045,65],{"class":64},[58,144047,69],{"class":68},[58,144049,374],{"class":239},[58,144051,499],{"class":68},[58,144053,32637],{"class":239},[58,144055,5496],{"class":68},[58,144057,4536],{"class":77},[58,144059,642],{"class":239},[58,144061,499],{"class":68},[58,144063,32637],{"class":239},[58,144065,5324],{"class":68},[16,144067,132],{},[49,144069,144070],{"className":51,"code":2096,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,144071,144072],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144073,144074],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144075,2096],{"class":1966},[44,144077,1603],{"id":1602},[28,144079,144080,144084,144090,144096,144102,144106,144110],{},[31,144081,144082],{},[374,144083,123284],{"href":49145},[31,144085,144086],{},[374,144087,124529,144088,8881],{"href":122256},[20,144089,122259],{},[31,144091,144092],{},[374,144093,124529,144094,8881],{"href":135099},[20,144095,39819],{},[31,144097,144098],{},[374,144099,124529,144100,8881],{"href":128110},[20,144101,122700],{},[31,144103,144104],{},[374,144105,88857],{"href":87866},[31,144107,144108],{},[374,144109,122928],{"href":121784},[31,144111,144112],{},[374,144113,135919],{"href":134500},[1635,144115,144116],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":144118},[144119,144120,144122,144123,144124,144126,144127,144129,144136,144137,144146],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":143042,"depth":88,"text":144121},"What upper() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":143252,"depth":88,"text":144125},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":143388,"depth":88,"text":143389},{"id":143470,"depth":88,"text":144128},"When to use upper()",{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":144130},[144131,144132,144134],{"id":94062,"depth":104,"text":94063},{"id":143685,"depth":104,"text":144133},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":143776,"depth":104,"text":144135},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":143849,"depth":88,"text":143850},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":144138},[144139,144141,144143,144144],{"id":143971,"depth":104,"text":144140},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":143979,"depth":104,"text":144142},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":143989,"depth":104,"text":143990},{"id":143999,"depth":104,"text":144145},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":142966,"description":144147},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":144154,"title":144155,"body":144156,"description":146033,"extension":1667,"meta":146034,"navigation":318,"path":146035,"seo":146036,"stem":146037,"__hash__":146038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":144157,"toc":145983},[144158,144164,144171,144177,144179,144235,144240,144245,144250,144253,144272,144275,144277,144301,144319,144330,144332,144335,144388,144390,144398,144400,144418,144423,144426,144483,144485,144494,144497,144517,144520,144526,144531,144533,144576,144578,144586,144589,144630,144632,144641,144647,144653,144680,144682,144690,144695,144699,144711,144754,144756,144764,144769,144775,144780,144784,144786,144829,144832,144879,144881,144890,144897,144901,144904,144950,144955,144959,144961,145004,145007,145015,145017,145022,145024,145026,145045,145048,145060,145062,145081,145083,145091,145095,145097,145148,145151,145226,145228,145236,145239,145243,145245,145292,145295,145366,145368,145376,145382,145384,145459,145463,145542,145544,145552,145558,145564,145569,145574,145623,145627,145698,145701,145706,145717,145720,145731,145741,145743,145748,145773,145778,145859,145861,145886,145888,145893,145896,145902,145911,145917,145920,145926,145932,145939,145942,145944,145980],[12,144159,1681,144161,1685],{"id":144160},"python-sum-function-explained",[20,144162,144163],{},"sum()",[16,144165,7260,144166,144168,144169,22918],{},[20,144167,144163],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[20,144170,58171],{},[16,144172,144173,144174,144176],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[20,144175,34234],{}," value and a few important limits.",[44,144178,47],{"id":46},[49,144180,144182],{"className":51,"code":144181,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[20,144183,144184,144208,144223],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144185,144186,144188,144190,144192,144194,144196,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144187,1725],{"class":286},[58,144189,290],{"class":77},[58,144191,1730],{"class":68},[58,144193,1079],{"class":81},[58,144195,1082],{"class":68},[58,144197,1085],{"class":81},[58,144199,1082],{"class":68},[58,144201,531],{"class":81},[58,144203,1082],{"class":68},[58,144205,537],{"class":81},[58,144207,1743],{"class":68},[58,144209,144210,144212,144214,144217,144219,144221],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144211,39348],{"class":286},[58,144213,290],{"class":77},[58,144215,144216],{"class":64}," sum",[58,144218,69],{"class":68},[58,144220,1757],{"class":239},[58,144222,243],{"class":68},[58,144224,144225,144227,144229,144231,144233],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,144226,65],{"class":64},[58,144228,69],{"class":68},[58,144230,39377],{"class":239},[58,144232,1770],{"class":68},[58,144234,24950],{"class":1773},[16,144236,155,144237,144239],{},[20,144238,144163],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[44,144241,1788,144243,1791],{"id":144242},"what-sum-does",[20,144244,144163],{},[16,144246,144247,144249],{},[20,144248,144163],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[16,144251,144252],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[28,144254,144255,144258,144261,144266],{},[31,144256,144257],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[31,144259,144260],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[31,144262,144263,144264],{},"Adding numbers from ",[20,144265,34360],{},[31,144267,144268,144269,144271],{},"Counting ",[20,144270,1710],{}," values in a list of booleans",[16,144273,144274],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[44,144276,222],{"id":221},[49,144278,144280],{"className":51,"code":144279,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[20,144281,144282],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144283,144284,144287,144289,144291,144293,144295,144297,144299],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144285,144286],{"class":64},"sum",[58,144288,69],{"class":68},[58,144290,1832],{"class":239},[58,144292,1082],{"class":68},[58,144294,34213],{"class":7313},[58,144296,290],{"class":77},[58,144298,183],{"class":81},[58,144300,243],{"class":68},[28,144302,144303,144308,144313],{},[31,144304,144305,144307],{},[20,144306,1832],{}," is the group of values to add",[31,144309,144310,144312],{},[20,144311,34234],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[31,144314,144315,144316],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[20,144317,144318],{},"sum(iterable)",[16,144320,144321,144322,144325,144326,499],{},"If you are new to the word ",[144323,144324,1832],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[374,144327,144328,22771],{"href":34357},[20,144329,34360],{},[44,144331,9618],{"id":9617},[16,144333,144334],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[49,144336,144338],{"className":51,"code":144337,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[20,144339,144340,144360,144374,144378],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144341,144342,144344,144346,144348,144350,144352,144354,144356,144358],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144343,1725],{"class":286},[58,144345,290],{"class":77},[58,144347,1730],{"class":68},[58,144349,200],{"class":81},[58,144351,1082],{"class":68},[58,144353,4131],{"class":81},[58,144355,1082],{"class":68},[58,144357,36100],{"class":81},[58,144359,1743],{"class":68},[58,144361,144362,144364,144366,144368,144370,144372],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144363,39348],{"class":286},[58,144365,290],{"class":77},[58,144367,144216],{"class":64},[58,144369,69],{"class":68},[58,144371,1757],{"class":239},[58,144373,243],{"class":68},[58,144375,144376],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,144377,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,144379,144380,144382,144384,144386],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,144381,65],{"class":64},[58,144383,69],{"class":68},[58,144385,39377],{"class":239},[58,144387,243],{"class":68},[16,144389,132],{},[49,144391,144392],{"className":51,"code":68014,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,144393,144394],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144395,144396],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144397,68014],{"class":81},[16,144399,9827],{},[28,144401,144402,144407,144413],{},[31,144403,144404,144406],{},[20,144405,1757],{}," contains three integers",[31,144408,144409,144412],{},[20,144410,144411],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[31,144414,144415,144416],{},"The result is stored in ",[20,144417,39377],{},[44,144419,34775,144421,6568],{"id":144420},"using-the-start-value",[20,144422,34234],{},[16,144424,144425],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[49,144427,144429],{"className":51,"code":144428,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[20,144430,144431,144451,144469,144473],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144432,144433,144435,144437,144439,144441,144443,144445,144447,144449],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144434,1725],{"class":286},[58,144436,290],{"class":77},[58,144438,1730],{"class":68},[58,144440,1079],{"class":81},[58,144442,1082],{"class":68},[58,144444,1085],{"class":81},[58,144446,1082],{"class":68},[58,144448,531],{"class":81},[58,144450,1743],{"class":68},[58,144452,144453,144455,144457,144459,144461,144463,144465,144467],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144454,39348],{"class":286},[58,144456,290],{"class":77},[58,144458,144216],{"class":64},[58,144460,69],{"class":68},[58,144462,1757],{"class":239},[58,144464,1082],{"class":68},[58,144466,4131],{"class":81},[58,144468,243],{"class":68},[58,144470,144471],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,144472,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,144474,144475,144477,144479,144481],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,144476,65],{"class":64},[58,144478,69],{"class":68},[58,144480,39377],{"class":239},[58,144482,243],{"class":68},[16,144484,132],{},[49,144486,144488],{"className":51,"code":144487,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"16\n",[20,144489,144490],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144491,144492],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144493,144487],{"class":81},[16,144495,144496],{},"This works like:",[28,144498,144499,144504,144509,144513],{},[31,144500,144501,144502],{},"Start at ",[20,144503,408],{},[31,144505,144506,144507],{},"Add ",[20,144508,1079],{},[31,144510,144506,144511],{},[20,144512,117],{},[31,144514,144506,144515],{},[20,144516,123],{},[16,144518,144519],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[44,144521,1788,144523,144525],{"id":144522},"what-sum-can-work-with",[20,144524,144163],{}," can work with",[16,144527,144528,144530],{},[20,144529,144163],{}," works with numeric values.",[617,144532,38590],{"id":38589},[49,144534,144536],{"className":51,"code":144535,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[20,144537,144538,144562],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144539,144540,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550,144552,144554,144556,144558,144560],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144541,1936],{"class":286},[58,144543,290],{"class":77},[58,144545,1730],{"class":68},[58,144547,1079],{"class":81},[58,144549,1082],{"class":68},[58,144551,1085],{"class":81},[58,144553,1082],{"class":68},[58,144555,531],{"class":81},[58,144557,1082],{"class":68},[58,144559,537],{"class":81},[58,144561,1743],{"class":68},[58,144563,144564,144566,144568,144570,144572,144574],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144565,65],{"class":64},[58,144567,69],{"class":68},[58,144569,144286],{"class":64},[58,144571,69],{"class":68},[58,144573,3483],{"class":239},[58,144575,85],{"class":68},[16,144577,132],{},[49,144579,144580],{"className":51,"code":454,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,144581,144582],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144583,144584],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144585,454],{"class":81},[617,144587,144588],{"id":50216},"Floats",[49,144590,144592],{"className":51,"code":144591,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[20,144593,144594,144616],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606,144609,144611,144614],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144597,81222],{"class":286},[58,144599,290],{"class":77},[58,144601,1730],{"class":68},[58,144603,39324],{"class":81},[58,144605,1082],{"class":68},[58,144607,144608],{"class":81}," 3.75",[58,144610,1082],{"class":68},[58,144612,144613],{"class":81}," 1.25",[58,144615,1743],{"class":68},[58,144617,144618,144620,144622,144624,144626,144628],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144619,65],{"class":64},[58,144621,69],{"class":68},[58,144623,144286],{"class":64},[58,144625,69],{"class":68},[58,144627,81258],{"class":239},[58,144629,85],{"class":68},[16,144631,132],{},[49,144633,144635],{"className":51,"code":144634,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"7.5\n",[20,144636,144637],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144638,144639],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144640,144634],{"class":81},[16,144642,144643,144644,499],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[374,144645,144646],{"href":497},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[617,144648,144650,144651],{"id":144649},"values-from-range","Values from ",[20,144652,34360],{},[49,144654,144656],{"className":51,"code":144655,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[20,144657,144658],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144659,144660,144662,144664,144666,144668,144670,144672,144674,144676,144678],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144661,65],{"class":64},[58,144663,69],{"class":68},[58,144665,144286],{"class":64},[58,144667,69],{"class":68},[58,144669,58171],{"class":64},[58,144671,69],{"class":68},[58,144673,1079],{"class":81},[58,144675,1082],{"class":68},[58,144677,35807],{"class":81},[58,144679,1002],{"class":68},[16,144681,132],{},[49,144683,144684],{"className":51,"code":45209,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,144685,144686],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144687,144688],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144689,45209],{"class":81},[16,144691,111733,144692,499],{},[20,144693,144694],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[617,144696,144698],{"id":144697},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[16,144700,144701,144702,144704,144705,2512,144707,144704,144709,499],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[20,144703,1710],{}," acts like ",[20,144706,1079],{},[20,144708,1784],{},[20,144710,183],{},[49,144712,144714],{"className":51,"code":144713,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[20,144715,144716,144740],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144717,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726,144728,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144719,50136],{"class":286},[58,144721,290],{"class":77},[58,144723,1730],{"class":68},[58,144725,1710],{"class":1966},[58,144727,1082],{"class":68},[58,144729,2023],{"class":1966},[58,144731,1082],{"class":68},[58,144733,2032],{"class":1966},[58,144735,1082],{"class":68},[58,144737,2032],{"class":1966},[58,144739,1743],{"class":68},[58,144741,144742,144744,144746,144748,144750,144752],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144743,65],{"class":64},[58,144745,69],{"class":68},[58,144747,144286],{"class":64},[58,144749,69],{"class":68},[58,144751,50189],{"class":239},[58,144753,85],{"class":68},[16,144755,132],{},[49,144757,144758],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,144759,144760],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144761,144762],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144763,44785],{"class":81},[16,144765,144766,144767,499],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[20,144768,1710],{},[44,144770,1788,144772,144774],{"id":144771},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[20,144773,144163],{}," does not work with",[16,144776,144777,144779],{},[20,144778,144163],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[617,144781,144783],{"id":144782},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[16,144785,921],{},[49,144787,144789],{"className":51,"code":144788,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[20,144790,144791,144815],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144792,144793,144795,144797,144799,144801,144803,144805,144807,144809,144811,144813],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144794,2187],{"class":286},[58,144796,290],{"class":77},[58,144798,1730],{"class":68},[58,144800,940],{"class":939},[58,144802,1959],{"class":943},[58,144804,940],{"class":939},[58,144806,1082],{"class":68},[58,144808,1450],{"class":939},[58,144810,58764],{"class":943},[58,144812,940],{"class":939},[58,144814,1743],{"class":68},[58,144816,144817,144819,144821,144823,144825,144827],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144818,65],{"class":64},[58,144820,69],{"class":68},[58,144822,144286],{"class":64},[58,144824,69],{"class":68},[58,144826,2231],{"class":239},[58,144828,85],{"class":68},[16,144830,144831],{},"Use string joining instead:",[49,144833,144835],{"className":51,"code":144834,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[20,144836,144837,144861],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144838,144839,144841,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851,144853,144855,144857,144859],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144840,2187],{"class":286},[58,144842,290],{"class":77},[58,144844,1730],{"class":68},[58,144846,940],{"class":939},[58,144848,1959],{"class":943},[58,144850,940],{"class":939},[58,144852,1082],{"class":68},[58,144854,1450],{"class":939},[58,144856,58764],{"class":943},[58,144858,940],{"class":939},[58,144860,1743],{"class":68},[58,144862,144863,144865,144867,144869,144871,144873,144875,144877],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144864,65],{"class":64},[58,144866,69],{"class":68},[58,144868,4399],{"class":939},[58,144870,499],{"class":68},[58,144872,131688],{"class":239},[58,144874,69],{"class":68},[58,144876,2231],{"class":239},[58,144878,85],{"class":68},[16,144880,132],{},[49,144882,144884],{"className":51,"code":144883,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"helloworld\n",[20,144885,144886],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144887,144888],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144889,144883],{"class":286},[16,144891,144892,144893,499],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[374,144894,144895,3909],{"href":40341},[20,144896,45852],{},[617,144898,144900],{"id":144899},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[16,144902,144903],{},"This also causes an error:",[49,144905,144907],{"className":51,"code":144906,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[20,144908,144909,144936],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144910,144911,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928,144930,144932,144934],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144912,144913],{"class":286},"lists ",[58,144915,290],{"class":77},[58,144917,54465],{"class":68},[58,144919,1079],{"class":81},[58,144921,1082],{"class":68},[58,144923,1085],{"class":81},[58,144925,16213],{"class":68},[58,144927,1730],{"class":68},[58,144929,123],{"class":81},[58,144931,1082],{"class":68},[58,144933,537],{"class":81},[58,144935,51413],{"class":68},[58,144937,144938,144940,144942,144944,144946,144948],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144939,65],{"class":64},[58,144941,69],{"class":68},[58,144943,144286],{"class":64},[58,144945,69],{"class":68},[58,144947,3424],{"class":239},[58,144949,85],{"class":68},[16,144951,144952,144954],{},[20,144953,144163],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[617,144956,144958],{"id":144957},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[16,144960,3597],{},[49,144962,144964],{"className":51,"code":144963,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[20,144965,144966,144990],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,144967,144968,144970,144972,144974,144976,144978,144980,144982,144984,144986,144988],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,144969,1936],{"class":286},[58,144971,290],{"class":77},[58,144973,1730],{"class":68},[58,144975,1079],{"class":81},[58,144977,1082],{"class":68},[58,144979,1085],{"class":81},[58,144981,1082],{"class":68},[58,144983,1450],{"class":939},[58,144985,123],{"class":943},[58,144987,940],{"class":939},[58,144989,1743],{"class":68},[58,144991,144992,144994,144996,144998,145000,145002],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,144993,65],{"class":64},[58,144995,69],{"class":68},[58,144997,144286],{"class":64},[58,144999,69],{"class":68},[58,145001,3483],{"class":239},[58,145003,85],{"class":68},[16,145005,145006],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[16,145008,145009,145010,145012,145013,499],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[20,145011,64119],{},", convert them first. See ",[374,145014,1053],{"href":1052},[44,145016,39670],{"id":39669},[16,145018,145019,145020,499],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[20,145021,144163],{},[617,145023,4653],{"id":4652},[16,145025,2645],{},[49,145027,145029],{"className":51,"code":145028,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(sum(5))\n",[20,145030,145031],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145032,145033,145035,145037,145039,145041,145043],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145034,65],{"class":64},[58,145036,69],{"class":68},[58,145038,144286],{"class":64},[58,145040,69],{"class":68},[58,145042,200],{"class":81},[58,145044,85],{"class":68},[16,145046,145047],{},"Why it fails:",[28,145049,145050,145055],{},[31,145051,145052,145054],{},[20,145053,200],{}," is a single integer",[31,145056,145057,145059],{},[20,145058,144163],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[16,145061,4683],{},[49,145063,145065],{"className":51,"code":145064,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(sum([5]))\n",[20,145066,145067],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145068,145069,145071,145073,145075,145077,145079],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145070,65],{"class":64},[58,145072,69],{"class":68},[58,145074,144286],{"class":64},[58,145076,1076],{"class":68},[58,145078,200],{"class":81},[58,145080,1092],{"class":68},[16,145082,132],{},[49,145084,145085],{"className":51,"code":1037,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,145086,145087],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145088,145089],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145090,1037],{"class":81},[617,145092,145094],{"id":145093},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[16,145096,2645],{},[49,145098,145100],{"className":51,"code":145099,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[20,145101,145102,145134],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114,145116,145118,145120,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130,145132],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145105,1936],{"class":286},[58,145107,290],{"class":77},[58,145109,1730],{"class":68},[58,145111,940],{"class":939},[58,145113,1079],{"class":943},[58,145115,940],{"class":939},[58,145117,1082],{"class":68},[58,145119,1450],{"class":939},[58,145121,117],{"class":943},[58,145123,940],{"class":939},[58,145125,1082],{"class":68},[58,145127,1450],{"class":939},[58,145129,123],{"class":943},[58,145131,940],{"class":939},[58,145133,1743],{"class":68},[58,145135,145136,145138,145140,145142,145144,145146],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145137,65],{"class":64},[58,145139,69],{"class":68},[58,145141,144286],{"class":64},[58,145143,69],{"class":68},[58,145145,3483],{"class":239},[58,145147,85],{"class":68},[16,145149,145150],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[49,145152,145154],{"className":51,"code":145153,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[20,145155,145156,145188,145216],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145157,145158,145160,145162,145164,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174,145176,145178,145180,145182,145184,145186],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145159,1936],{"class":286},[58,145161,290],{"class":77},[58,145163,1730],{"class":68},[58,145165,940],{"class":939},[58,145167,1079],{"class":943},[58,145169,940],{"class":939},[58,145171,1082],{"class":68},[58,145173,1450],{"class":939},[58,145175,117],{"class":943},[58,145177,940],{"class":939},[58,145179,1082],{"class":68},[58,145181,1450],{"class":939},[58,145183,123],{"class":943},[58,145185,940],{"class":939},[58,145187,1743],{"class":68},[58,145189,145190,145192,145194,145196,145198,145200,145202,145204,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145191,39348],{"class":286},[58,145193,290],{"class":77},[58,145195,144216],{"class":64},[58,145197,69],{"class":68},[58,145199,256],{"class":991},[58,145201,69],{"class":68},[58,145203,240],{"class":239},[58,145205,1770],{"class":68},[58,145207,1992],{"class":1991},[58,145209,1995],{"class":239},[58,145211,1998],{"class":1991},[58,145213,2001],{"class":239},[58,145215,243],{"class":68},[58,145217,145218,145220,145222,145224],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,145219,65],{"class":64},[58,145221,69],{"class":68},[58,145223,39377],{"class":239},[58,145225,243],{"class":68},[16,145227,132],{},[49,145229,145230],{"className":51,"code":738,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,145231,145232],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145233,145234],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145235,738],{"class":81},[16,145237,145238],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[617,145240,145242],{"id":145241},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[16,145244,2645],{},[49,145246,145248],{"className":51,"code":145247,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[20,145249,145250,145278],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145251,145252,145254,145256,145258,145260,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272,145274,145276],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145253,1936],{"class":286},[58,145255,290],{"class":77},[58,145257,1730],{"class":68},[58,145259,1079],{"class":81},[58,145261,1082],{"class":68},[58,145263,1085],{"class":81},[58,145265,1082],{"class":68},[58,145267,1450],{"class":939},[58,145269,123],{"class":943},[58,145271,940],{"class":939},[58,145273,1082],{"class":68},[58,145275,537],{"class":81},[58,145277,1743],{"class":68},[58,145279,145280,145282,145284,145286,145288,145290],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145281,65],{"class":64},[58,145283,69],{"class":68},[58,145285,144286],{"class":64},[58,145287,69],{"class":68},[58,145289,3483],{"class":239},[58,145291,85],{"class":68},[16,145293,145294],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[49,145296,145298],{"className":51,"code":145297,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[20,145299,145300,145328,145356],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145301,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316,145318,145320,145322,145324,145326],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145303,1936],{"class":286},[58,145305,290],{"class":77},[58,145307,1730],{"class":68},[58,145309,1079],{"class":81},[58,145311,1082],{"class":68},[58,145313,1085],{"class":81},[58,145315,1082],{"class":68},[58,145317,1450],{"class":939},[58,145319,123],{"class":943},[58,145321,940],{"class":939},[58,145323,1082],{"class":68},[58,145325,537],{"class":81},[58,145327,1743],{"class":68},[58,145329,145330,145332,145334,145336,145338,145340,145342,145344,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145331,39348],{"class":286},[58,145333,290],{"class":77},[58,145335,144216],{"class":64},[58,145337,69],{"class":68},[58,145339,256],{"class":991},[58,145341,69],{"class":68},[58,145343,240],{"class":239},[58,145345,1770],{"class":68},[58,145347,1992],{"class":1991},[58,145349,1995],{"class":239},[58,145351,1998],{"class":1991},[58,145353,2001],{"class":239},[58,145355,243],{"class":68},[58,145357,145358,145360,145362,145364],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,145359,65],{"class":64},[58,145361,69],{"class":68},[58,145363,39377],{"class":239},[58,145365,243],{"class":68},[16,145367,132],{},[49,145369,145370],{"className":51,"code":454,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,145371,145372],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145373,145374],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145375,454],{"class":81},[617,145377,6552,145379,145381],{"id":145378},"using-sum-to-join-text",[20,145380,144163],{}," to join text",[16,145383,2645],{},[49,145385,145387],{"className":51,"code":145386,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[20,145388,145389,145445],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145390,145391,145393,145395,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405,145407,145409,145411,145413,145415,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425,145427,145429,145431,145433,145435,145437,145439,145441,145443],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145392,34252],{"class":286},[58,145394,290],{"class":77},[58,145396,1730],{"class":68},[58,145398,940],{"class":939},[58,145400,132287],{"class":943},[58,145402,940],{"class":939},[58,145404,1082],{"class":68},[58,145406,1450],{"class":939},[58,145408,9889],{"class":943},[58,145410,940],{"class":939},[58,145412,1082],{"class":68},[58,145414,1450],{"class":939},[58,145416,61460],{"class":943},[58,145418,940],{"class":939},[58,145420,1082],{"class":68},[58,145422,1450],{"class":939},[58,145424,58611],{"class":943},[58,145426,940],{"class":939},[58,145428,1082],{"class":68},[58,145430,1450],{"class":939},[58,145432,58646],{"class":943},[58,145434,940],{"class":939},[58,145436,1082],{"class":68},[58,145438,1450],{"class":939},[58,145440,74204],{"class":943},[58,145442,940],{"class":939},[58,145444,1743],{"class":68},[58,145446,145447,145449,145451,145453,145455,145457],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145448,65],{"class":64},[58,145450,69],{"class":68},[58,145452,144286],{"class":64},[58,145454,69],{"class":68},[58,145456,34305],{"class":239},[58,145458,85],{"class":68},[16,145460,155,145461,58705],{},[20,145462,131611],{},[49,145464,145466],{"className":51,"code":145465,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[20,145467,145468,145524],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145469,145470,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480,145482,145484,145486,145488,145490,145492,145494,145496,145498,145500,145502,145504,145506,145508,145510,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520,145522],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145471,34252],{"class":286},[58,145473,290],{"class":77},[58,145475,1730],{"class":68},[58,145477,940],{"class":939},[58,145479,132287],{"class":943},[58,145481,940],{"class":939},[58,145483,1082],{"class":68},[58,145485,1450],{"class":939},[58,145487,9889],{"class":943},[58,145489,940],{"class":939},[58,145491,1082],{"class":68},[58,145493,1450],{"class":939},[58,145495,61460],{"class":943},[58,145497,940],{"class":939},[58,145499,1082],{"class":68},[58,145501,1450],{"class":939},[58,145503,58611],{"class":943},[58,145505,940],{"class":939},[58,145507,1082],{"class":68},[58,145509,1450],{"class":939},[58,145511,58646],{"class":943},[58,145513,940],{"class":939},[58,145515,1082],{"class":68},[58,145517,1450],{"class":939},[58,145519,74204],{"class":943},[58,145521,940],{"class":939},[58,145523,1743],{"class":68},[58,145525,145526,145528,145530,145532,145534,145536,145538,145540],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145527,65],{"class":64},[58,145529,69],{"class":68},[58,145531,4399],{"class":939},[58,145533,499],{"class":68},[58,145535,131688],{"class":239},[58,145537,69],{"class":68},[58,145539,34305],{"class":239},[58,145541,85],{"class":68},[16,145543,132],{},[49,145545,145546],{"className":51,"code":132368,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,145547,145548],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145549,145550],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145551,132368],{"class":286},[16,145553,145554,145555,499],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[374,145556,145557],{"href":133449},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[44,145559,145561,145563],{"id":145560},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[20,145562,144163],{}," vs manual loop",[16,145565,145566,145568],{},[20,145567,144163],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[617,145570,6552,145572],{"id":145571},"using-sum",[20,145573,144163],{},[49,145575,145577],{"className":51,"code":145576,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[20,145578,145579,145599,145613],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145580,145581,145583,145585,145587,145589,145591,145593,145595,145597],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145582,1725],{"class":286},[58,145584,290],{"class":77},[58,145586,1730],{"class":68},[58,145588,586],{"class":81},[58,145590,1082],{"class":68},[58,145592,4120],{"class":81},[58,145594,1082],{"class":68},[58,145596,52307],{"class":81},[58,145598,1743],{"class":68},[58,145600,145601,145603,145605,145607,145609,145611],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145602,39348],{"class":286},[58,145604,290],{"class":77},[58,145606,144216],{"class":64},[58,145608,69],{"class":68},[58,145610,1757],{"class":239},[58,145612,243],{"class":68},[58,145614,145615,145617,145619,145621],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,145616,65],{"class":64},[58,145618,69],{"class":68},[58,145620,39377],{"class":239},[58,145622,243],{"class":68},[617,145624,145626],{"id":145625},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[49,145628,145630],{"className":51,"code":145629,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[20,145631,145632,145652,145660,145664,145676,145684,145688],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145633,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145635,1725],{"class":286},[58,145637,290],{"class":77},[58,145639,1730],{"class":68},[58,145641,586],{"class":81},[58,145643,1082],{"class":68},[58,145645,4120],{"class":81},[58,145647,1082],{"class":68},[58,145649,52307],{"class":81},[58,145651,1743],{"class":68},[58,145653,145654,145656,145658],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145655,39348],{"class":286},[58,145657,290],{"class":77},[58,145659,36677],{"class":81},[58,145661,145662],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,145663,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,145665,145666,145668,145670,145672,145674],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,145667,4084],{"class":1991},[58,145669,4514],{"class":286},[58,145671,1998],{"class":1991},[58,145673,2381],{"class":286},[58,145675,4521],{"class":68},[58,145677,145678,145680,145682],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,145679,88281],{"class":286},[58,145681,88284],{"class":77},[58,145683,88287],{"class":286},[58,145685,145686],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,145687,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,145689,145690,145692,145694,145696],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,145691,65],{"class":64},[58,145693,69],{"class":68},[58,145695,39377],{"class":239},[58,145697,243],{"class":68},[16,145699,145700],{},"Both produce the same result.",[16,145702,569,145703,145705],{},[20,145704,144163],{}," is often better:",[28,145707,145708,145711,145714],{},[31,145709,145710],{},"Shorter code",[31,145712,145713],{},"Easier to read",[31,145715,145716],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[16,145718,145719],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[28,145721,145722,145725,145728],{},[31,145723,145724],{},"You need to skip some values",[31,145726,145727],{},"You need extra checks",[31,145729,145730],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[16,145732,145733,145734,145737,145738,145740],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[374,145735,145736],{"href":38173},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[20,145739,144163],{}," on the filtered result.",[44,145742,914],{"id":913},[16,145744,145745,145746,973],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[20,145747,144163],{},[28,145749,145750,145756,145763,145770],{},[31,145751,145752,145753],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[20,145754,145755],{},"sum(5)",[31,145757,145758,145759,145762],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[20,145760,145761],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[31,145764,6552,145765,145767,145768],{},[20,145766,144163],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[20,145769,131611],{},[31,145771,145772],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[16,145774,7012,145775,145777],{},[20,145776,144163],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[49,145779,145781],{"className":51,"code":145780,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[20,145782,145783,145793,145807,145831],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,145784,145785,145787,145789,145791],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,145786,65],{"class":64},[58,145788,69],{"class":68},[58,145790,3483],{"class":239},[58,145792,243],{"class":68},[58,145794,145795,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,145796,65],{"class":64},[58,145798,69],{"class":68},[58,145800,1316],{"class":991},[58,145802,69],{"class":68},[58,145804,3483],{"class":239},[58,145806,85],{"class":68},[58,145808,145809,145811,145813,145815,145817,145819,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,145810,65],{"class":64},[58,145812,1076],{"class":68},[58,145814,1316],{"class":991},[58,145816,69],{"class":68},[58,145818,240],{"class":239},[58,145820,1770],{"class":68},[58,145822,1992],{"class":1991},[58,145824,1995],{"class":239},[58,145826,1998],{"class":1991},[58,145828,2001],{"class":239},[58,145830,2004],{"class":68},[58,145832,145833,145835,145837,145839,145841,145843,145845,145847,145849,145851,145853,145855,145857],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,145834,65],{"class":64},[58,145836,69],{"class":68},[58,145838,144286],{"class":64},[58,145840,1076],{"class":68},[58,145842,256],{"class":991},[58,145844,69],{"class":68},[58,145846,240],{"class":239},[58,145848,1770],{"class":68},[58,145850,1992],{"class":1991},[58,145852,1995],{"class":239},[58,145854,1998],{"class":1991},[58,145856,2001],{"class":239},[58,145858,1092],{"class":68},[16,145860,134182],{},[28,145862,145863,145869,145875,145880],{},[31,145864,145865,145868],{},[20,145866,145867],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[31,145870,145871,145874],{},[20,145872,145873],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[31,145876,145877,134204],{},[20,145878,145879],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[31,145881,145882,145885],{},[20,145883,145884],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[44,145887,1555],{"id":1554},[617,145889,3265,145891,3268],{"id":145890},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[20,145892,144163],{},[16,145894,145895],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[617,145897,3293,145899,145901],{"id":145898},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[20,145900,144163],{}," add strings in Python?",[16,145903,28427,145904,966,145907,145910],{},[20,145905,145906],{},"''.join(...)",[20,145908,145909],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[617,145912,3293,145914,145916],{"id":145913},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[20,145915,144163],{}," work with floats?",[16,145918,145919],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[617,145921,145923,145924,573],{"id":145922},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[20,145925,144163],{},[16,145927,145928,145929,145931],{},"It is the optional ",[20,145930,34234],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[617,145933,3281,145935,117567,145937,573],{"id":145934},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[20,145936,144163],{},[20,145938,1098],{},[16,145940,145941],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[44,145943,1603],{"id":1602},[28,145945,145946,145950,145956,145962,145968,145972,145976],{},[31,145947,145948],{},[374,145949,144646],{"href":497},[31,145951,145952],{},[374,145953,1681,145954,1612],{"href":34357},[20,145955,34360],{},[31,145957,145958],{},[374,145959,1681,145960,1612],{"href":40524},[20,145961,40527],{},[31,145963,145964],{},[374,145965,1681,145966,1612],{"href":40341},[20,145967,45852],{},[31,145969,145970],{},[374,145971,3345],{"href":38173},[31,145973,145974],{},[374,145975,1629],{"href":1052},[31,145977,145978],{},[374,145979,145557],{"href":133449},[1635,145981,145982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":145984},[145985,145986,145988,145989,145990,145992,146000,146006,146013,146019,146020,146032],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":144242,"depth":88,"text":145987},"What sum() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":144420,"depth":88,"text":145991},"Using the start value",{"id":144522,"depth":88,"text":145993,"children":145994},"What sum() can work with",[145995,145996,145997,145999],{"id":38589,"depth":104,"text":38590},{"id":50216,"depth":104,"text":144588},{"id":144649,"depth":104,"text":145998},"Values from range()",{"id":144697,"depth":104,"text":144698},{"id":144771,"depth":88,"text":146001,"children":146002},"What sum() does not work with",[146003,146004,146005],{"id":144782,"depth":104,"text":144783},{"id":144899,"depth":104,"text":144900},{"id":144957,"depth":104,"text":144958},{"id":39669,"depth":88,"text":39670,"children":146007},[146008,146009,146010,146011],{"id":4652,"depth":104,"text":4653},{"id":145093,"depth":104,"text":145094},{"id":145241,"depth":104,"text":145242},{"id":145378,"depth":104,"text":146012},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":145560,"depth":88,"text":146014,"children":146015},"sum() vs manual loop",[146016,146018],{"id":145571,"depth":104,"text":146017},"Using sum()",{"id":145625,"depth":104,"text":145626},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":146021},[146022,146024,146026,146028,146030],{"id":145890,"depth":104,"text":146023},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":145898,"depth":104,"text":146025},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":145913,"depth":104,"text":146027},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":145922,"depth":104,"text":146029},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":145934,"depth":104,"text":146031},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":144155,"description":146033},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":146040,"title":146041,"body":146042,"description":147444,"extension":1667,"meta":147445,"navigation":318,"path":147446,"seo":147447,"stem":147448,"__hash__":147449},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":9,"value":146043,"toc":147412},[146044,146050,146056,146059,146122,146128,146133,146137,146154,146168,146172,146192,146206,146208,146301,146303,146317,146319,146322,146411,146413,146421,146430,146432,146436,146457,146459,146551,146553,146574,146576,146580,146594,146596,146670,146672,146691,146695,146698,146721,146723,146834,146841,146849,146851,146857,146860,146903,146906,146929,146937,146941,147016,147022,147047,147054,147057,147060,147064,147069,147157,147165,147169,147172,147197,147201,147262,147266,147315,147325,147327,147332,147335,147341,147344,147348,147352,147358,147361,147369,147377,147379,147409],[12,146045,146047,146048,9464],{"id":146046},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[20,146049,55462],{},[16,146051,146052,146055],{},[20,146053,146054],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[16,146057,146058],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[49,146060,146062],{"className":51,"code":146061,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[20,146063,146064,146092,146110],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146065,146066,146068,146070,146072,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088,146090],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146067,1725],{"class":286},[58,146069,290],{"class":77},[58,146071,7374],{"class":68},[58,146073,1079],{"class":81},[58,146075,1082],{"class":68},[58,146077,1085],{"class":81},[58,146079,1082],{"class":68},[58,146081,1085],{"class":81},[58,146083,1082],{"class":68},[58,146085,531],{"class":81},[58,146087,1082],{"class":68},[58,146089,1085],{"class":81},[58,146091,243],{"class":68},[58,146093,146094,146096,146098,146100,146102,146104,146106,146108],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146095,301],{"class":286},[58,146097,290],{"class":77},[58,146099,2381],{"class":286},[58,146101,499],{"class":68},[58,146103,39425],{"class":239},[58,146105,69],{"class":68},[58,146107,117],{"class":81},[58,146109,243],{"class":68},[58,146111,146112,146114,146116,146118,146120],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,146113,65],{"class":64},[58,146115,69],{"class":68},[58,146117,340],{"class":239},[58,146119,1770],{"class":68},[58,146121,48940],{"class":1773},[16,146123,155,146124,146127],{},[20,146125,146126],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[44,146129,1788,146131,1791],{"id":146130},"what-tuplecount-does",[20,146132,146054],{},[16,146134,146135,973],{},[20,146136,146126],{},[28,146138,146139,146145,146148,146151],{},[31,146140,146141,146142,146144],{},"Returns the number of times ",[20,146143,553],{}," appears in the tuple",[31,146146,146147],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[31,146149,146150],{},"Returns an integer",[31,146152,146153],{},"Does not change the tuple",[16,146155,146156,146157,146159,146160,966,146164,499],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[20,146158,55462],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[374,146161,146163],{"href":146162},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[374,146165,146167],{"href":146166},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[44,146169,146171],{"id":146170},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[49,146173,146175],{"className":51,"code":146174,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[20,146176,146177],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146178,146179,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146180,146181],{"class":286},"my_tuple",[58,146183,499],{"class":68},[58,146185,39425],{"class":239},[58,146187,69],{"class":68},[58,146189,553],{"class":239},[58,146191,243],{"class":68},[28,146193,146194,146198,146201],{},[31,146195,146196,55627],{},[20,146197,553],{},[31,146199,146200],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[31,146202,146203,146204],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[20,146205,183],{},[617,146207,101282],{"id":101281},[49,146209,146211],{"className":51,"code":146210,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[20,146212,146213,146253,146277],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146214,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146216,11222],{"class":286},[58,146218,290],{"class":77},[58,146220,7374],{"class":68},[58,146222,940],{"class":939},[58,146224,11239],{"class":943},[58,146226,940],{"class":939},[58,146228,1082],{"class":68},[58,146230,1450],{"class":939},[58,146232,11256],{"class":943},[58,146234,940],{"class":939},[58,146236,1082],{"class":68},[58,146238,1450],{"class":939},[58,146240,11239],{"class":943},[58,146242,940],{"class":939},[58,146244,1082],{"class":68},[58,146246,1450],{"class":939},[58,146248,15606],{"class":943},[58,146250,940],{"class":939},[58,146252,243],{"class":68},[58,146254,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146256,65],{"class":64},[58,146258,69],{"class":68},[58,146260,15653],{"class":239},[58,146262,499],{"class":68},[58,146264,39425],{"class":239},[58,146266,69],{"class":68},[58,146268,940],{"class":939},[58,146270,11239],{"class":943},[58,146272,940],{"class":939},[58,146274,3486],{"class":68},[58,146276,55817],{"class":1773},[58,146278,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,146280,65],{"class":64},[58,146282,69],{"class":68},[58,146284,15653],{"class":239},[58,146286,499],{"class":68},[58,146288,39425],{"class":239},[58,146290,69],{"class":68},[58,146292,940],{"class":939},[58,146294,20677],{"class":943},[58,146296,940],{"class":939},[58,146298,3486],{"class":68},[58,146300,49417],{"class":1773},[16,146302,18109],{},[28,146304,146305,146310],{},[31,146306,146307,146309],{},[20,146308,63566],{}," appears 2 times",[31,146311,146312,146314,146315],{},[20,146313,107978],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[20,146316,183],{},[44,146318,9618],{"id":9617},[16,146320,146321],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[49,146323,146325],{"className":51,"code":146324,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[20,146326,146327,146375,146379,146401],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146328,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146330,34401],{"class":286},[58,146332,290],{"class":77},[58,146334,7374],{"class":68},[58,146336,940],{"class":939},[58,146338,2196],{"class":943},[58,146340,940],{"class":939},[58,146342,1082],{"class":68},[58,146344,1450],{"class":939},[58,146346,2205],{"class":943},[58,146348,940],{"class":939},[58,146350,1082],{"class":68},[58,146352,1450],{"class":939},[58,146354,2196],{"class":943},[58,146356,940],{"class":939},[58,146358,1082],{"class":68},[58,146360,1450],{"class":939},[58,146362,31379],{"class":943},[58,146364,940],{"class":939},[58,146366,1082],{"class":68},[58,146368,1450],{"class":939},[58,146370,2196],{"class":943},[58,146372,940],{"class":939},[58,146374,243],{"class":68},[58,146376,146377],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146378,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,146380,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,146382,301],{"class":286},[58,146384,290],{"class":77},[58,146386,51022],{"class":286},[58,146388,499],{"class":68},[58,146390,39425],{"class":239},[58,146392,69],{"class":68},[58,146394,940],{"class":939},[58,146396,2196],{"class":943},[58,146398,940],{"class":939},[58,146400,243],{"class":68},[58,146402,146403,146405,146407,146409],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,146404,65],{"class":64},[58,146406,69],{"class":68},[58,146408,340],{"class":239},[58,146410,243],{"class":68},[16,146412,132],{},[49,146414,146415],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,146416,146417],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146418,146419],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146420,44785],{"class":81},[16,146422,146423,146425,146426,475,146428,499],{},[20,146424,56005],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[20,146427,55462],{},[20,146429,123],{},[44,146431,36184],{"id":36183},[16,146433,55716,146434,126917],{},[20,146435,55462],{},[28,146437,146438,146443,146448,146451],{},[31,146439,9566,146440,146442],{},[20,146441,183],{}," when the value does not exist",[31,146444,9566,146445,146447],{},[20,146446,1079],{}," when the value appears once",[31,146449,146450],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[31,146452,146453,146454,146456],{},"The result can be used in ",[20,146455,5127],{}," statements and other conditions",[16,146458,276],{},[49,146460,146462],{"className":51,"code":146461,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[20,146463,146464,146505,146509,146536],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146465,146466,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146467,146468],{"class":286},"answers ",[58,146470,290],{"class":77},[58,146472,7374],{"class":68},[58,146474,940],{"class":939},[58,146476,6794],{"class":943},[58,146478,940],{"class":939},[58,146480,1082],{"class":68},[58,146482,1450],{"class":939},[58,146484,6733],{"class":943},[58,146486,940],{"class":939},[58,146488,1082],{"class":68},[58,146490,1450],{"class":939},[58,146492,6794],{"class":943},[58,146494,940],{"class":939},[58,146496,1082],{"class":68},[58,146498,1450],{"class":939},[58,146500,6794],{"class":943},[58,146502,940],{"class":939},[58,146504,243],{"class":68},[58,146506,146507],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146508,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,146510,146511,146513,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,146512,5127],{"class":1991},[58,146514,146515],{"class":286}," answers",[58,146517,499],{"class":68},[58,146519,39425],{"class":239},[58,146521,69],{"class":68},[58,146523,940],{"class":939},[58,146525,6794],{"class":943},[58,146527,940],{"class":939},[58,146529,1770],{"class":68},[58,146531,36560],{"class":77},[58,146533,3623],{"class":81},[58,146535,4521],{"class":68},[58,146537,146538,146540,146542,146544,146547,146549],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,146539,6202],{"class":64},[58,146541,69],{"class":68},[58,146543,940],{"class":939},[58,146545,146546],{"class":943},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[58,146548,940],{"class":939},[58,146550,243],{"class":68},[16,146552,132],{},[49,146554,146556],{"className":51,"code":146555,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[20,146557,146558],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146559,146560,146563,146565,146567,146569,146572],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146561,146562],{"class":286},"The answer ",[58,146564,1396],{"class":939},[58,146566,6794],{"class":943},[58,146568,1396],{"class":939},[58,146570,146571],{"class":286}," appears more than once",[58,146573,120561],{"class":68},[44,146575,39211],{"id":39210},[16,146577,33566,146578,102745],{},[20,146579,146054],{},[28,146581,146582,146585,146588,146591],{},[31,146583,146584],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[31,146586,146587],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[31,146589,146590],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[31,146592,146593],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[16,146595,276],{},[49,146597,146599],{"className":51,"code":146598,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[20,146600,146601,146629,146633,146655],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146602,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146604,3186],{"class":286},[58,146606,290],{"class":77},[58,146608,7374],{"class":68},[58,146610,408],{"class":81},[58,146612,1082],{"class":68},[58,146614,5922],{"class":81},[58,146616,1082],{"class":68},[58,146618,4131],{"class":81},[58,146620,1082],{"class":68},[58,146622,5927],{"class":81},[58,146624,1082],{"class":68},[58,146626,4131],{"class":81},[58,146628,243],{"class":68},[58,146630,146631],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146632,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,146634,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,146636,5127],{"class":1991},[58,146638,3233],{"class":286},[58,146640,499],{"class":68},[58,146642,39425],{"class":239},[58,146644,69],{"class":68},[58,146646,408],{"class":81},[58,146648,1770],{"class":68},[58,146650,49458],{"class":77},[58,146652,1085],{"class":81},[58,146654,4521],{"class":68},[58,146656,146657,146659,146661,146663,146666,146668],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,146658,6202],{"class":64},[58,146660,69],{"class":68},[58,146662,940],{"class":939},[58,146664,146665],{"class":943},"The score 10 is repeated.",[58,146667,940],{"class":939},[58,146669,243],{"class":68},[16,146671,132],{},[49,146673,146675],{"className":51,"code":146674,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[20,146676,146677],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146678,146679,146682,146684,146686,146689],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146680,146681],{"class":286},"The score ",[58,146683,408],{"class":81},[58,146685,6230],{"class":77},[58,146687,146688],{"class":286}," repeated",[58,146690,120561],{"class":68},[44,146692,146694],{"id":146693},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[16,146696,146697],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[28,146699,146700,146706,146711,146714],{},[31,146701,146702,146703,146705],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[20,146704,55462],{}," still works because it only reads data",[31,146707,146708,146710],{},[20,146709,55462],{}," counts exact matches",[31,146712,146713],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[31,146715,146716,2512,146718,146720],{},[20,146717,1079],{},[20,146719,40324],{}," compare as equal in Python",[16,146722,276],{},[49,146724,146726],{"className":51,"code":146725,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[20,146727,146728,146762,146766,146786,146810],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146729,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146743,146745,146747,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146731,1936],{"class":286},[58,146733,290],{"class":77},[58,146735,7374],{"class":68},[58,146737,1079],{"class":81},[58,146739,1082],{"class":68},[58,146741,146742],{"class":81}," 1.0",[58,146744,1082],{"class":68},[58,146746,1450],{"class":939},[58,146748,146749],{"class":943},"Cat",[58,146751,940],{"class":939},[58,146753,1082],{"class":68},[58,146755,1450],{"class":939},[58,146757,35210],{"class":943},[58,146759,940],{"class":939},[58,146761,243],{"class":68},[58,146763,146764],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146765,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,146767,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,146769,65],{"class":64},[58,146771,69],{"class":68},[58,146773,3483],{"class":239},[58,146775,499],{"class":68},[58,146777,39425],{"class":239},[58,146779,69],{"class":68},[58,146781,1079],{"class":81},[58,146783,3486],{"class":68},[58,146785,49264],{"class":1773},[58,146787,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,146789,65],{"class":64},[58,146791,69],{"class":68},[58,146793,3483],{"class":239},[58,146795,499],{"class":68},[58,146797,39425],{"class":239},[58,146799,69],{"class":68},[58,146801,940],{"class":939},[58,146803,146749],{"class":943},[58,146805,940],{"class":939},[58,146807,3486],{"class":68},[58,146809,25935],{"class":1773},[58,146811,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,146813,65],{"class":64},[58,146815,69],{"class":68},[58,146817,3483],{"class":239},[58,146819,499],{"class":68},[58,146821,39425],{"class":239},[58,146823,69],{"class":68},[58,146825,940],{"class":939},[58,146827,35210],{"class":943},[58,146829,940],{"class":939},[58,146831,3486],{"class":68},[58,146833,25935],{"class":1773},[16,146835,3281,146836,3284,146839,573],{},[20,146837,146838],{},"values.count(1)",[20,146840,117],{},[16,146842,6922,146843,2905,146846,146848],{},[20,146844,146845],{},"1 == 1.0",[20,146847,1710],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[44,146850,914],{"id":913},[617,146852,6552,146854,146856],{"id":146853},"using-count-without-parentheses",[20,146855,39425],{}," without parentheses",[16,146858,146859],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[49,146861,146863],{"className":51,"code":146862,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[20,146864,146865,146889],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146866,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146868,1725],{"class":286},[58,146870,290],{"class":77},[58,146872,7374],{"class":68},[58,146874,1079],{"class":81},[58,146876,1082],{"class":68},[58,146878,1085],{"class":81},[58,146880,1082],{"class":68},[58,146882,1085],{"class":81},[58,146884,1082],{"class":68},[58,146886,531],{"class":81},[58,146888,243],{"class":68},[58,146890,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146892,65],{"class":64},[58,146894,69],{"class":68},[58,146896,1757],{"class":239},[58,146898,499],{"class":68},[58,146900,39425],{"class":22904},[58,146902,243],{"class":68},[16,146904,146905],{},"To call the method correctly:",[49,146907,146909],{"className":51,"code":146908,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[20,146910,146911],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146912,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146914,65],{"class":64},[58,146916,69],{"class":68},[58,146918,1757],{"class":239},[58,146920,499],{"class":68},[58,146922,39425],{"class":239},[58,146924,69],{"class":68},[58,146926,117],{"class":81},[58,146928,85],{"class":68},[617,146930,6588,146931,6591,146933,966,146935],{"id":56765},[20,146932,55462],{},[20,146934,1710],{},[20,146936,1784],{},[16,146938,146939,56776],{},[20,146940,55462],{},[49,146942,146944],{"className":51,"code":146943,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[20,146945,146946,146978,147000,147004],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,146947,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,146949,34252],{"class":286},[58,146951,290],{"class":77},[58,146953,7374],{"class":68},[58,146955,940],{"class":939},[58,146957,374],{"class":943},[58,146959,940],{"class":939},[58,146961,1082],{"class":68},[58,146963,1450],{"class":939},[58,146965,2882],{"class":943},[58,146967,940],{"class":939},[58,146969,1082],{"class":68},[58,146971,1450],{"class":939},[58,146973,374],{"class":943},[58,146975,940],{"class":939},[58,146977,243],{"class":68},[58,146979,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,146981,301],{"class":286},[58,146983,290],{"class":77},[58,146985,68270],{"class":286},[58,146987,499],{"class":68},[58,146989,39425],{"class":239},[58,146991,69],{"class":68},[58,146993,940],{"class":939},[58,146995,374],{"class":943},[58,146997,940],{"class":939},[58,146999,243],{"class":68},[58,147001,147002],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,147003,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,147005,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,147007,65],{"class":64},[58,147009,69],{"class":68},[58,147011,340],{"class":239},[58,147013,1770],{"class":68},[58,147015,49585],{"class":1773},[16,147017,147018,147019,147021],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[20,147020,1998],{}," is often simpler:",[49,147023,147025],{"className":51,"code":147024,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[20,147026,147027],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147028,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147030,65],{"class":64},[58,147032,69],{"class":68},[58,147034,940],{"class":939},[58,147036,374],{"class":943},[58,147038,940],{"class":939},[58,147040,19326],{"class":1991},[58,147042,68270],{"class":239},[58,147044,1770],{"class":68},[58,147046,1774],{"class":1773},[617,147048,35367,147050,6841,147052],{"id":147049},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[20,147051,146054],{},[20,147053,55467],{},[16,147055,147056],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[16,147058,147059],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[617,147061,147063],{"id":147062},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[16,147065,147066,147068],{},[20,147067,55462],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[49,147070,147072],{"className":51,"code":147071,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[20,147073,147074,147107,147133],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147075,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147077,2187],{"class":286},[58,147079,290],{"class":77},[58,147081,7374],{"class":68},[58,147083,940],{"class":939},[58,147085,2196],{"class":943},[58,147087,940],{"class":939},[58,147089,1082],{"class":68},[58,147091,1450],{"class":939},[58,147093,147094],{"class":943},"pineapple",[58,147096,940],{"class":939},[58,147098,1082],{"class":68},[58,147100,1450],{"class":939},[58,147102,2196],{"class":943},[58,147104,940],{"class":939},[58,147106,243],{"class":68},[58,147108,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147126,147128,147130],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147110,65],{"class":64},[58,147112,69],{"class":68},[58,147114,2231],{"class":239},[58,147116,499],{"class":68},[58,147118,39425],{"class":239},[58,147120,69],{"class":68},[58,147122,940],{"class":939},[58,147124,147125],{"class":943},"app",[58,147127,940],{"class":939},[58,147129,3486],{"class":68},[58,147131,147132],{"class":1773},"    # 0\n",[58,147134,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,147136,65],{"class":64},[58,147138,69],{"class":68},[58,147140,2231],{"class":239},[58,147142,499],{"class":68},[58,147144,39425],{"class":239},[58,147146,69],{"class":68},[58,147148,940],{"class":939},[58,147150,2196],{"class":943},[58,147152,940],{"class":939},[58,147154,3486],{"class":68},[58,147156,49585],{"class":1773},[16,147158,147159,147162,147163,499],{},[20,147160,147161],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[20,147164,183],{},[44,147166,147168],{"id":147167},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[16,147170,147171],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[28,147173,147174,147179,147188,147194],{},[31,147175,155,147176,147178],{},[20,147177,1998],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[31,147180,155,147181,147187],{},[374,147182,147184,147185],{"href":147183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[20,147186,57140],{}," to find the position of a value",[31,147189,155,147190,147193],{},[20,147191,147192],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[31,147195,147196],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[16,147198,44208,147199,973],{},[20,147200,1998],{},[49,147202,147204],{"className":51,"code":147203,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[20,147205,147206,147226,147230,147246],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147207,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147209,1725],{"class":286},[58,147211,290],{"class":77},[58,147213,7374],{"class":68},[58,147215,586],{"class":81},[58,147217,1082],{"class":68},[58,147219,4120],{"class":81},[58,147221,1082],{"class":68},[58,147223,52307],{"class":81},[58,147225,243],{"class":68},[58,147227,147228],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147229,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,147231,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,147233,65],{"class":64},[58,147235,69],{"class":68},[58,147237,82],{"class":81},[58,147239,19326],{"class":1991},[58,147241,2381],{"class":239},[58,147243,1770],{"class":68},[58,147245,42022],{"class":1773},[58,147247,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,147249,65],{"class":64},[58,147251,69],{"class":68},[58,147253,200],{"class":81},[58,147255,19326],{"class":1991},[58,147257,2381],{"class":239},[58,147259,1770],{"class":68},[58,147261,42039],{"class":1773},[16,147263,44208,147264,973],{},[20,147265,57140],{},[49,147267,147269],{"className":51,"code":147268,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[20,147270,147271,147295],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147272,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147274,1725],{"class":286},[58,147276,290],{"class":77},[58,147278,7374],{"class":68},[58,147280,586],{"class":81},[58,147282,1082],{"class":68},[58,147284,4120],{"class":81},[58,147286,1082],{"class":68},[58,147288,52307],{"class":81},[58,147290,1082],{"class":68},[58,147292,4120],{"class":81},[58,147294,243],{"class":68},[58,147296,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147298,65],{"class":64},[58,147300,69],{"class":68},[58,147302,1757],{"class":239},[58,147304,499],{"class":68},[58,147306,34007],{"class":239},[58,147308,69],{"class":68},[58,147310,82],{"class":81},[58,147312,3486],{"class":68},[58,147314,25935],{"class":1773},[16,147316,147317,147319,147320,147322,147324],{},[20,147318,55462],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[7985,147321],{},[20,147323,57140],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[44,147326,1555],{"id":1554},[617,147328,3265,147330,3268],{"id":147329},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[20,147331,146054],{},[16,147333,147334],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[617,147336,10849,147338,147340],{"id":147337},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[20,147339,146054],{}," change the tuple?",[16,147342,147343],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[617,147345,147347],{"id":147346},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[16,147349,10055,147350,499],{},[20,147351,183],{},[617,147353,3293,147355,147357],{"id":147354},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[20,147356,146054],{}," count strings?",[16,147359,147360],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[617,147362,3303,147364,2512,147366,573],{"id":147363},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[20,147365,146054],{},[20,147367,147368],{},"tuple.index()",[16,147370,147371,147373,147374,147376],{},[20,147372,55462],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[20,147375,57140],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[44,147378,1603],{"id":1602},[28,147380,147381,147385,147390,147397,147405],{},[31,147382,147383],{},[374,147384,146163],{"href":146162},[31,147386,147387],{},[374,147388,147389],{"href":146166},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[31,147391,147392],{},[374,147393,147394,147395,8881],{"href":147183},"Python tuple ",[20,147396,57140],{},[31,147398,147399],{},[374,147400,147402,147403],{"href":147401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[20,147404,40527],{},[31,147406,147407],{},[374,147408,57128],{"href":57127},[1635,147410,147411],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":147413},[147414,147416,147419,147420,147421,147422,147423,147431,147432,147443],{"id":146130,"depth":88,"text":147415},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":146170,"depth":88,"text":146171,"children":147417},[147418],{"id":101281,"depth":104,"text":101282},{"id":9617,"depth":88,"text":9618},{"id":36183,"depth":88,"text":36184},{"id":39210,"depth":88,"text":39211},{"id":146693,"depth":88,"text":146694},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":147424},[147425,147427,147428,147430],{"id":146853,"depth":104,"text":147426},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":56765,"depth":104,"text":57181},{"id":147049,"depth":104,"text":147429},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":147062,"depth":104,"text":147063},{"id":147167,"depth":88,"text":147168},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":147433},[147434,147436,147438,147439,147441],{"id":147329,"depth":104,"text":147435},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":147337,"depth":104,"text":147437},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":147346,"depth":104,"text":147347},{"id":147354,"depth":104,"text":147440},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":147363,"depth":104,"text":147442},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":146041,"description":147444},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":147451,"title":147452,"body":147453,"description":149140,"extension":1667,"meta":149141,"navigation":318,"path":149142,"seo":149143,"stem":149144,"__hash__":149145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":9,"value":147454,"toc":149103},[147455,147458,147461,147470,147472,147602,147604,147665,147671,147673,147693,147697,147700,147703,147738,147740,147761,147764,147803,147805,147830,147837,147841,147844,147881,147883,147906,147909,147912,147924,147930,147934,147937,147943,147984,147986,148009,148012,148053,148055,148082,148084,148101,148103,148120,148123,148127,148130,148132,148166,148168,148215,148219,148258,148262,148265,148322,148324,148365,148371,148377,148382,148384,148421,148423,148443,148445,148478,148480,148513,148516,148520,148553,148555,148580,148583,148585,148599,148606,148608,148611,148615,148618,148653,148656,148691,148695,148698,148737,148740,148779,148783,148785,148815,148818,148825,148827,148859,148862,148894,148897,148928,148930,148947,148951,148954,149018,149020,149024,149031,149035,149038,149042,149045,149049,149052,149057,149063,149065,149100],[12,147456,147452],{"id":147457},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[16,147459,147460],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[16,147462,147463,147464,966,147468,499],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[374,147465,147467],{"href":147466},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[374,147469,146163],{"href":146162},[44,147471,47],{"id":46},[49,147473,147475],{"className":51,"code":147474,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[20,147476,147477,147497,147506,147520,147556,147560,147570,147580,147591],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147478,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147480,1725],{"class":286},[58,147482,290],{"class":77},[58,147484,7374],{"class":68},[58,147486,1079],{"class":81},[58,147488,1082],{"class":68},[58,147490,1085],{"class":81},[58,147492,1082],{"class":68},[58,147494,531],{"class":81},[58,147496,243],{"class":68},[58,147498,147499,147501,147503],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147500,123027],{"class":286},[58,147502,290],{"class":77},[58,147504,147505],{"class":68}," ()\n",[58,147507,147508,147511,147513,147515,147517],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,147509,147510],{"class":286},"one_item ",[58,147512,290],{"class":77},[58,147514,7374],{"class":68},[58,147516,200],{"class":81},[58,147518,147519],{"class":68},",)\n",[58,147521,147522,147525,147527,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,147523,147524],{"class":286},"from_list ",[58,147526,290],{"class":77},[58,147528,147529],{"class":991}," tuple",[58,147531,1076],{"class":68},[58,147533,940],{"class":939},[58,147535,374],{"class":943},[58,147537,940],{"class":939},[58,147539,1082],{"class":68},[58,147541,1450],{"class":939},[58,147543,2882],{"class":943},[58,147545,940],{"class":939},[58,147547,1082],{"class":68},[58,147549,1450],{"class":939},[58,147551,7878],{"class":943},[58,147553,940],{"class":939},[58,147555,2004],{"class":68},[58,147557,147558],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,147559,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,147561,147562,147564,147566,147568],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,147563,65],{"class":64},[58,147565,69],{"class":68},[58,147567,1757],{"class":239},[58,147569,243],{"class":68},[58,147571,147572,147574,147576,147578],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,147573,65],{"class":64},[58,147575,69],{"class":68},[58,147577,123078],{"class":239},[58,147579,243],{"class":68},[58,147581,147582,147584,147586,147589],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,147583,65],{"class":64},[58,147585,69],{"class":68},[58,147587,147588],{"class":239},"one_item",[58,147590,243],{"class":68},[58,147592,147593,147595,147597,147600],{"class":60,"line":4560},[58,147594,65],{"class":64},[58,147596,69],{"class":68},[58,147598,147599],{"class":239},"from_list",[58,147601,243],{"class":68},[16,147603,132],{},[49,147605,147607],{"className":51,"code":147606,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[20,147608,147609,147625,147629,147637],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147610,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147612,69],{"class":68},[58,147614,1079],{"class":81},[58,147616,1082],{"class":68},[58,147618,1085],{"class":81},[58,147620,1082],{"class":68},[58,147622,531],{"class":81},[58,147624,243],{"class":68},[58,147626,147627],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147628,6779],{"class":68},[58,147630,147631,147633,147635],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,147632,69],{"class":68},[58,147634,200],{"class":81},[58,147636,147519],{"class":68},[58,147638,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,147640,69],{"class":68},[58,147642,1396],{"class":939},[58,147644,374],{"class":943},[58,147646,1396],{"class":939},[58,147648,1082],{"class":68},[58,147650,1391],{"class":939},[58,147652,2882],{"class":943},[58,147654,1396],{"class":939},[58,147656,1082],{"class":68},[58,147658,1391],{"class":939},[58,147660,7878],{"class":943},[58,147662,1396],{"class":939},[58,147664,243],{"class":68},[16,147666,147667,147668,499],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[20,147669,147670],{},"(5,)",[44,147672,13311],{"id":13310},[28,147674,147675,147678,147681,147684,147687,147690],{},[31,147676,147677],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[31,147679,147680],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[31,147682,147683],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[31,147685,147686],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[31,147688,147689],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[31,147691,147692],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[44,147694,147696],{"id":147695},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[16,147698,147699],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[16,147701,147702],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[49,147704,147706],{"className":51,"code":147705,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,147707,147708,147728],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147709,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147711,1725],{"class":286},[58,147713,290],{"class":77},[58,147715,7374],{"class":68},[58,147717,1079],{"class":81},[58,147719,1082],{"class":68},[58,147721,1085],{"class":81},[58,147723,1082],{"class":68},[58,147725,531],{"class":81},[58,147727,243],{"class":68},[58,147729,147730,147732,147734,147736],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147731,65],{"class":64},[58,147733,69],{"class":68},[58,147735,1757],{"class":239},[58,147737,243],{"class":68},[16,147739,132],{},[49,147741,147743],{"className":51,"code":147742,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[20,147744,147745],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147746,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147748,69],{"class":68},[58,147750,1079],{"class":81},[58,147752,1082],{"class":68},[58,147754,1085],{"class":81},[58,147756,1082],{"class":68},[58,147758,531],{"class":81},[58,147760,243],{"class":68},[16,147762,147763],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[49,147765,147767],{"className":51,"code":147766,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[20,147768,147769,147793],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147770,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147772,7303],{"class":286},[58,147774,290],{"class":77},[58,147776,7374],{"class":68},[58,147778,1079],{"class":81},[58,147780,1082],{"class":68},[58,147782,1450],{"class":939},[58,147784,2196],{"class":943},[58,147786,940],{"class":939},[58,147788,1082],{"class":68},[58,147790,2032],{"class":1966},[58,147792,243],{"class":68},[58,147794,147795,147797,147799,147801],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147796,65],{"class":64},[58,147798,69],{"class":68},[58,147800,7342],{"class":239},[58,147802,243],{"class":68},[16,147804,132],{},[49,147806,147808],{"className":51,"code":147807,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[20,147809,147810],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147811,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147813,69],{"class":68},[58,147815,1079],{"class":81},[58,147817,1082],{"class":68},[58,147819,1391],{"class":939},[58,147821,2196],{"class":943},[58,147823,1396],{"class":939},[58,147825,1082],{"class":68},[58,147827,2032],{"class":1966},[58,147829,243],{"class":68},[16,147831,147832,147833,499],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[374,147834,147836],{"href":147835},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[44,147838,147840],{"id":147839},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[16,147842,147843],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[49,147845,147847],{"className":51,"code":147846,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[20,147848,147849,147857,147867],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147850,147851,147853,147855],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147852,123027],{"class":286},[58,147854,290],{"class":77},[58,147856,147505],{"class":68},[58,147858,147859,147861,147863,147865],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147860,65],{"class":64},[58,147862,69],{"class":68},[58,147864,123078],{"class":239},[58,147866,243],{"class":68},[58,147868,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,147870,65],{"class":64},[58,147872,69],{"class":68},[58,147874,1316],{"class":991},[58,147876,69],{"class":68},[58,147878,123078],{"class":239},[58,147880,85],{"class":68},[16,147882,132],{},[49,147884,147886],{"className":51,"code":147885,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[20,147887,147888,147892],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147889,147890],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147891,6779],{"class":68},[58,147893,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147895,1385],{"class":77},[58,147897,1388],{"class":126},[58,147899,1391],{"class":939},[58,147901,47122],{"class":943},[58,147903,1396],{"class":939},[58,147905,1399],{"class":77},[16,147907,147908],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[16,147910,147911],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[28,147913,147914,147919],{},[31,147915,147916,147917],{},"Empty tuple: ",[20,147918,5496],{},[31,147920,147921,147922],{},"Empty list: ",[20,147923,1900],{},[16,147925,147926,147927,499],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[374,147928,147929],{"href":55325},"Python list: creating a list",[44,147931,147933],{"id":147932},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[16,147935,147936],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[16,147938,147939,147940,147942],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[1855,147941,2751],{}," automatically a tuple:",[49,147944,147946],{"className":51,"code":147945,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[20,147947,147948,147960,147970],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147949,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147951,526],{"class":286},[58,147953,290],{"class":77},[58,147955,7374],{"class":68},[58,147957,200],{"class":81},[58,147959,243],{"class":68},[58,147961,147962,147964,147966,147968],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147963,65],{"class":64},[58,147965,69],{"class":68},[58,147967,553],{"class":239},[58,147969,243],{"class":68},[58,147971,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,147973,65],{"class":64},[58,147975,69],{"class":68},[58,147977,1316],{"class":991},[58,147979,69],{"class":68},[58,147981,553],{"class":239},[58,147983,85],{"class":68},[16,147985,132],{},[49,147987,147989],{"className":51,"code":147988,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[20,147990,147991,147995],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,147992,147993],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,147994,1037],{"class":81},[58,147996,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,147998,1385],{"class":77},[58,148000,1388],{"class":126},[58,148002,1391],{"class":939},[58,148004,256],{"class":943},[58,148006,1396],{"class":939},[58,148008,1399],{"class":77},[16,148010,148011],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[49,148013,148015],{"className":51,"code":148014,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[20,148016,148017,148029,148039],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148018,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148020,147510],{"class":286},[58,148022,290],{"class":77},[58,148024,7374],{"class":68},[58,148026,200],{"class":81},[58,148028,147519],{"class":68},[58,148030,148031,148033,148035,148037],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148032,65],{"class":64},[58,148034,69],{"class":68},[58,148036,147588],{"class":239},[58,148038,243],{"class":68},[58,148040,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,148042,65],{"class":64},[58,148044,69],{"class":68},[58,148046,1316],{"class":991},[58,148048,69],{"class":68},[58,148050,147588],{"class":239},[58,148052,85],{"class":68},[16,148054,132],{},[49,148056,148058],{"className":51,"code":148057,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[20,148059,148060,148068],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148061,148062,148064,148066],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148063,69],{"class":68},[58,148065,200],{"class":81},[58,148067,147519],{"class":68},[58,148069,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148071,1385],{"class":77},[58,148073,1388],{"class":126},[58,148075,1391],{"class":939},[58,148077,47122],{"class":943},[58,148079,1396],{"class":939},[58,148081,1399],{"class":77},[16,148083,14805],{},[49,148085,148087],{"className":51,"code":148086,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(\"apple\",)\n",[20,148088,148089],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148090,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148092,69],{"class":68},[58,148094,940],{"class":939},[58,148096,2196],{"class":943},[58,148098,940],{"class":939},[58,148100,147519],{"class":68},[16,148102,14793],{},[49,148104,148106],{"className":51,"code":148105,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(\"apple\")\n",[20,148107,148108],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148109,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148111,69],{"class":68},[58,148113,940],{"class":939},[58,148115,2196],{"class":943},[58,148117,940],{"class":939},[58,148119,243],{"class":68},[16,148121,148122],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[44,148124,148126],{"id":148125},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[16,148128,148129],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[617,148131,54633],{"id":1757},[49,148133,148134],{"className":51,"code":147705,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,148135,148136,148156],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148137,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148139,1725],{"class":286},[58,148141,290],{"class":77},[58,148143,7374],{"class":68},[58,148145,1079],{"class":81},[58,148147,1082],{"class":68},[58,148149,1085],{"class":81},[58,148151,1082],{"class":68},[58,148153,531],{"class":81},[58,148155,243],{"class":68},[58,148157,148158,148160,148162,148164],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148159,65],{"class":64},[58,148161,69],{"class":68},[58,148163,1757],{"class":239},[58,148165,243],{"class":68},[617,148167,54636],{"id":3433},[49,148169,148171],{"className":51,"code":148170,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[20,148172,148173,148205],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148174,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148176,11222],{"class":286},[58,148178,290],{"class":77},[58,148180,7374],{"class":68},[58,148182,940],{"class":939},[58,148184,11239],{"class":943},[58,148186,940],{"class":939},[58,148188,1082],{"class":68},[58,148190,1450],{"class":939},[58,148192,15606],{"class":943},[58,148194,940],{"class":939},[58,148196,1082],{"class":68},[58,148198,1450],{"class":939},[58,148200,11256],{"class":943},[58,148202,940],{"class":939},[58,148204,243],{"class":68},[58,148206,148207,148209,148211,148213],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148208,65],{"class":64},[58,148210,69],{"class":68},[58,148212,15653],{"class":239},[58,148214,243],{"class":68},[617,148216,148218],{"id":148217},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[49,148220,148222],{"className":51,"code":148221,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[20,148223,148224,148248],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148225,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148227,57645],{"class":286},[58,148229,290],{"class":77},[58,148231,7374],{"class":68},[58,148233,1079],{"class":81},[58,148235,1082],{"class":68},[58,148237,1450],{"class":939},[58,148239,2196],{"class":943},[58,148241,940],{"class":939},[58,148243,1082],{"class":68},[58,148245,2032],{"class":1966},[58,148247,243],{"class":68},[58,148249,148250,148252,148254,148256],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148251,65],{"class":64},[58,148253,69],{"class":68},[58,148255,57698],{"class":239},[58,148257,243],{"class":68},[617,148259,148261],{"id":148260},"nested-values","Nested values",[16,148263,148264],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[49,148266,148268],{"className":51,"code":148267,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[20,148269,148270,148311],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148271,148272,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148273,148274],{"class":286},"nested ",[58,148276,290],{"class":77},[58,148278,7374],{"class":68},[58,148280,1079],{"class":81},[58,148282,1082],{"class":68},[58,148284,7374],{"class":68},[58,148286,940],{"class":939},[58,148288,374],{"class":943},[58,148290,940],{"class":939},[58,148292,1082],{"class":68},[58,148294,1450],{"class":939},[58,148296,2882],{"class":943},[58,148298,940],{"class":939},[58,148300,7371],{"class":68},[58,148302,1730],{"class":68},[58,148304,408],{"class":81},[58,148306,1082],{"class":68},[58,148308,5922],{"class":81},[58,148310,2004],{"class":68},[58,148312,148313,148315,148317,148320],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148314,65],{"class":64},[58,148316,69],{"class":68},[58,148318,148319],{"class":239},"nested",[58,148321,243],{"class":68},[16,148323,132],{},[49,148325,148327],{"className":51,"code":148326,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[20,148328,148329],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148330,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148332,69],{"class":68},[58,148334,1079],{"class":81},[58,148336,1082],{"class":68},[58,148338,7374],{"class":68},[58,148340,1396],{"class":939},[58,148342,374],{"class":943},[58,148344,1396],{"class":939},[58,148346,1082],{"class":68},[58,148348,1391],{"class":939},[58,148350,2882],{"class":943},[58,148352,1396],{"class":939},[58,148354,7371],{"class":68},[58,148356,1730],{"class":68},[58,148358,408],{"class":81},[58,148360,1082],{"class":68},[58,148362,5922],{"class":81},[58,148364,2004],{"class":68},[44,148366,148368,148369],{"id":148367},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[20,148370,36210],{},[16,148372,148373,148374,148376],{},"You can use the built-in ",[20,148375,36210],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[16,148378,148379,148380,499],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[374,148381,61391],{"href":61390},[617,148383,103422],{"id":103421},[49,148385,148387],{"className":51,"code":148386,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,148388,148389,148411],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148390,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148392,1725],{"class":286},[58,148394,290],{"class":77},[58,148396,147529],{"class":991},[58,148398,1076],{"class":68},[58,148400,1079],{"class":81},[58,148402,1082],{"class":68},[58,148404,1085],{"class":81},[58,148406,1082],{"class":68},[58,148408,531],{"class":81},[58,148410,2004],{"class":68},[58,148412,148413,148415,148417,148419],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148414,65],{"class":64},[58,148416,69],{"class":68},[58,148418,1757],{"class":239},[58,148420,243],{"class":68},[16,148422,132],{},[49,148424,148425],{"className":51,"code":147742,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,148426,148427],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148428,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148430,69],{"class":68},[58,148432,1079],{"class":81},[58,148434,1082],{"class":68},[58,148436,1085],{"class":81},[58,148438,1082],{"class":68},[58,148440,531],{"class":81},[58,148442,243],{"class":68},[617,148444,103608],{"id":103607},[49,148446,148448],{"className":51,"code":148447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[20,148449,148450,148468],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148451,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148453,34252],{"class":286},[58,148455,290],{"class":77},[58,148457,147529],{"class":991},[58,148459,69],{"class":68},[58,148461,940],{"class":939},[58,148463,39726],{"class":943},[58,148465,940],{"class":939},[58,148467,243],{"class":68},[58,148469,148470,148472,148474,148476],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148471,65],{"class":64},[58,148473,69],{"class":68},[58,148475,34305],{"class":239},[58,148477,243],{"class":68},[16,148479,132],{},[49,148481,148483],{"className":51,"code":148482,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[20,148484,148485],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148486,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148488,69],{"class":68},[58,148490,1396],{"class":939},[58,148492,374],{"class":943},[58,148494,1396],{"class":939},[58,148496,1082],{"class":68},[58,148498,1391],{"class":939},[58,148500,2882],{"class":943},[58,148502,1396],{"class":939},[58,148504,1082],{"class":68},[58,148506,1391],{"class":939},[58,148508,7878],{"class":943},[58,148510,1396],{"class":939},[58,148512,243],{"class":68},[16,148514,148515],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[617,148517,148519],{"id":148518},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[49,148521,148523],{"className":51,"code":148522,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[20,148524,148525,148543],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148526,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148528,1936],{"class":286},[58,148530,290],{"class":77},[58,148532,147529],{"class":991},[58,148534,69],{"class":68},[58,148536,58171],{"class":64},[58,148538,69],{"class":68},[58,148540,586],{"class":81},[58,148542,85],{"class":68},[58,148544,148545,148547,148549,148551],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148546,65],{"class":64},[58,148548,69],{"class":68},[58,148550,3483],{"class":239},[58,148552,243],{"class":68},[16,148554,132],{},[49,148556,148558],{"className":51,"code":148557,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[20,148559,148560],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148561,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148563,69],{"class":68},[58,148565,183],{"class":81},[58,148567,1082],{"class":68},[58,148569,3623],{"class":81},[58,148571,1082],{"class":68},[58,148573,1085],{"class":81},[58,148575,1082],{"class":68},[58,148577,531],{"class":81},[58,148579,243],{"class":68},[16,148581,148582],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[44,148584,18953],{"id":18952},[28,148586,148587,148590,148593,148596],{},[31,148588,148589],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[31,148591,148592],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[31,148594,148595],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[31,148597,148598],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[16,148600,148601,148602,499],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[374,148603,148605],{"href":148604},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[44,148607,914],{"id":913},[16,148609,148610],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[617,148612,148614],{"id":148613},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[16,148616,148617],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[49,148619,148621],{"className":51,"code":148620,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[20,148622,148623,148639],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148624,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148626,26694],{"class":286},[58,148628,290],{"class":77},[58,148630,7374],{"class":68},[58,148632,940],{"class":939},[58,148634,2196],{"class":943},[58,148636,940],{"class":939},[58,148638,243],{"class":68},[58,148640,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148642,65],{"class":64},[58,148644,69],{"class":68},[58,148646,1316],{"class":991},[58,148648,69],{"class":68},[58,148650,21464],{"class":239},[58,148652,85],{"class":68},[16,148654,148655],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[49,148657,148659],{"className":51,"code":148658,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[20,148660,148661,148677],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148662,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148664,26694],{"class":286},[58,148666,290],{"class":77},[58,148668,7374],{"class":68},[58,148670,940],{"class":939},[58,148672,2196],{"class":943},[58,148674,940],{"class":939},[58,148676,147519],{"class":68},[58,148678,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148680,65],{"class":64},[58,148682,69],{"class":68},[58,148684,1316],{"class":991},[58,148686,69],{"class":68},[58,148688,21464],{"class":239},[58,148690,85],{"class":68},[617,148692,148694],{"id":148693},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[16,148696,148697],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[49,148699,148701],{"className":51,"code":148700,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[20,148702,148703,148723],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148704,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148706,1936],{"class":286},[58,148708,290],{"class":77},[58,148710,1730],{"class":68},[58,148712,1079],{"class":81},[58,148714,1082],{"class":68},[58,148716,1085],{"class":81},[58,148718,1082],{"class":68},[58,148720,531],{"class":81},[58,148722,1743],{"class":68},[58,148724,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148726,65],{"class":64},[58,148728,69],{"class":68},[58,148730,1316],{"class":991},[58,148732,69],{"class":68},[58,148734,3483],{"class":239},[58,148736,85],{"class":68},[16,148738,148739],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[49,148741,148743],{"className":51,"code":148742,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[20,148744,148745,148765],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148746,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148748,1936],{"class":286},[58,148750,290],{"class":77},[58,148752,7374],{"class":68},[58,148754,1079],{"class":81},[58,148756,1082],{"class":68},[58,148758,1085],{"class":81},[58,148760,1082],{"class":68},[58,148762,531],{"class":81},[58,148764,243],{"class":68},[58,148766,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148768,65],{"class":64},[58,148770,69],{"class":68},[58,148772,1316],{"class":991},[58,148774,69],{"class":68},[58,148776,3483],{"class":239},[58,148778,85],{"class":68},[617,148780,148782],{"id":148781},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[16,148784,148595],{},[49,148786,148788],{"className":51,"code":148787,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,148789,148790,148810],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148791,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148793,1725],{"class":286},[58,148795,290],{"class":77},[58,148797,7374],{"class":68},[58,148799,1079],{"class":81},[58,148801,1082],{"class":68},[58,148803,1085],{"class":81},[58,148805,1082],{"class":68},[58,148807,531],{"class":81},[58,148809,243],{"class":68},[58,148811,148812],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148813,148814],{"class":1773},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[16,148816,148817],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[617,148819,35367,148821,148824],{"id":148820},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[20,148822,148823],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[16,148826,62817],{},[49,148828,148829],{"className":51,"code":148447,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,148830,148831,148849],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148832,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148834,34252],{"class":286},[58,148836,290],{"class":77},[58,148838,147529],{"class":991},[58,148840,69],{"class":68},[58,148842,940],{"class":939},[58,148844,39726],{"class":943},[58,148846,940],{"class":939},[58,148848,243],{"class":68},[58,148850,148851,148853,148855,148857],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148852,65],{"class":64},[58,148854,69],{"class":68},[58,148856,34305],{"class":239},[58,148858,243],{"class":68},[16,148860,148861],{},"gives:",[49,148863,148864],{"className":51,"code":148482,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,148865,148866],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148867,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148869,69],{"class":68},[58,148871,1396],{"class":939},[58,148873,374],{"class":943},[58,148875,1396],{"class":939},[58,148877,1082],{"class":68},[58,148879,1391],{"class":939},[58,148881,2882],{"class":943},[58,148883,1396],{"class":939},[58,148885,1082],{"class":68},[58,148887,1391],{"class":939},[58,148889,7878],{"class":943},[58,148891,1396],{"class":939},[58,148893,243],{"class":68},[16,148895,148896],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[49,148898,148900],{"className":51,"code":148899,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[20,148901,148902,148918],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148903,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148905,4281],{"class":286},[58,148907,290],{"class":77},[58,148909,7374],{"class":68},[58,148911,940],{"class":939},[58,148913,39726],{"class":943},[58,148915,940],{"class":939},[58,148917,147519],{"class":68},[58,148919,148920,148922,148924,148926],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148921,65],{"class":64},[58,148923,69],{"class":68},[58,148925,36555],{"class":239},[58,148927,243],{"class":68},[16,148929,132],{},[49,148931,148933],{"className":51,"code":148932,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('abc',)\n",[20,148934,148935],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148936,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148938,69],{"class":68},[58,148940,1396],{"class":939},[58,148942,39726],{"class":943},[58,148944,1396],{"class":939},[58,148946,147519],{"class":68},[617,148948,148950],{"id":148949},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[16,148952,148953],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[49,148955,148957],{"className":51,"code":148956,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[20,148958,148959,148976,148980,148990,149004],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,148960,148961,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,148962,148963],{"class":286},"my_tuple ",[58,148965,290],{"class":77},[58,148967,7374],{"class":68},[58,148969,940],{"class":939},[58,148971,2196],{"class":943},[58,148973,940],{"class":939},[58,148975,147519],{"class":68},[58,148977,148978],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,148979,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,148981,148982,148984,148986,148988],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,148983,65],{"class":64},[58,148985,69],{"class":68},[58,148987,146181],{"class":239},[58,148989,243],{"class":68},[58,148991,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,148993,65],{"class":64},[58,148995,69],{"class":68},[58,148997,1316],{"class":991},[58,148999,69],{"class":68},[58,149001,146181],{"class":239},[58,149003,85],{"class":68},[58,149005,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,149007,65],{"class":64},[58,149009,69],{"class":68},[58,149011,9303],{"class":64},[58,149013,69],{"class":68},[58,149015,146181],{"class":239},[58,149017,85],{"class":68},[44,149019,1555],{"id":1554},[617,149021,149023],{"id":149022},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[16,149025,149026,149027,149030],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[20,149028,149029],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[617,149032,149034],{"id":149033},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[16,149036,149037],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[617,149039,149041],{"id":149040},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[16,149043,149044],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[617,149046,149048],{"id":149047},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[16,149050,149051],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[617,149053,3265,149055,10861],{"id":149054},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[20,149056,148823],{},[16,149058,3271,149059,149062],{},[20,149060,149061],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[44,149064,1603],{"id":1602},[28,149066,149067,149071,149075,149081,149086,149091,149095],{},[31,149068,149069],{},[374,149070,146163],{"href":146162},[31,149072,149073],{},[374,149074,147836],{"href":147835},[31,149076,149077],{},[374,149078,149080],{"href":149079},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[31,149082,149083],{},[374,149084,149085],{"href":147401},"Python tuple length with len()",[31,149087,149088],{},[374,149089,149090],{"href":147466},"What is a tuple in Python?",[31,149092,149093],{},[374,149094,61391],{"href":61390},[31,149096,149097],{},[374,149098,149099],{"href":148604},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1635,149101,149102],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":149104},[149105,149106,149107,149108,149109,149110,149116,149122,149123,149131,149139],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":13310,"depth":88,"text":13311},{"id":147695,"depth":88,"text":147696},{"id":147839,"depth":88,"text":147840},{"id":147932,"depth":88,"text":147933},{"id":148125,"depth":88,"text":148126,"children":149111},[149112,149113,149114,149115],{"id":1757,"depth":104,"text":54633},{"id":3433,"depth":104,"text":54636},{"id":148217,"depth":104,"text":148218},{"id":148260,"depth":104,"text":148261},{"id":148367,"depth":88,"text":149117,"children":149118},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[149119,149120,149121],{"id":103421,"depth":104,"text":103422},{"id":103607,"depth":104,"text":103608},{"id":148518,"depth":104,"text":148519},{"id":18952,"depth":88,"text":18953},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":149124},[149125,149126,149127,149128,149130],{"id":148613,"depth":104,"text":148614},{"id":148693,"depth":104,"text":148694},{"id":148781,"depth":104,"text":148782},{"id":148820,"depth":104,"text":149129},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":148949,"depth":104,"text":148950},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":149132},[149133,149134,149135,149136,149137],{"id":149022,"depth":104,"text":149023},{"id":149033,"depth":104,"text":149034},{"id":149040,"depth":104,"text":149041},{"id":149047,"depth":104,"text":149048},{"id":149054,"depth":104,"text":149138},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":147452,"description":149140},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":149147,"title":149148,"body":149149,"description":150694,"extension":1667,"meta":150695,"navigation":318,"path":150696,"seo":150697,"stem":150698,"__hash__":150699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":149150,"toc":150664},[149151,149154,149159,149161,149174,149180,149182,149249,149251,149286,149291,149295,149299,149301,149312,149320,149322,149324,149345,149347,149367,149370,149372,149377,149420,149422,149444,149447,149460,149464,149468,149471,149524,149526,149547,149552,149556,149559,149604,149606,149639,149651,149655,149663,149700,149702,149731,149735,149738,149791,149793,149813,149820,149824,149829,149898,149900,149925,149929,149932,149938,150015,150017,150076,150078,150090,150095,150099,150103,150117,150119,150154,150156,150173,150176,150189,150193,150197,150208,150213,150228,150231,150234,150236,150239,150243,150245,150259,150261,150285,150290,150294,150297,150316,150319,150368,150373,150390,150393,150426,150430,150432,150483,150486,150511,150514,150537,150541,150547,150549,150584,150587,150592,150594,150598,150601,150605,150610,150614,150617,150621,150624,150628,150633,150635,150661],[12,149152,149148],{"id":149153},"python-tuple-function-explained",[16,149155,7260,149156,149158],{},[20,149157,36210],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[16,149160,80763],{},[28,149162,149163,149168],{},[31,149164,149165,149167],{},[20,149166,36210],{}," creates an empty tuple",[31,149169,149170,149173],{},[20,149171,149172],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[16,149175,149176,149177,149179],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[20,149178,36210],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[44,149181,47],{"id":46},[49,149183,149185],{"className":51,"code":149184,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,149186,149187,149207,149221,149225,149235],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149188,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149190,1725],{"class":286},[58,149192,290],{"class":77},[58,149194,1730],{"class":68},[58,149196,1079],{"class":81},[58,149198,1082],{"class":68},[58,149200,1085],{"class":81},[58,149202,1082],{"class":68},[58,149204,531],{"class":81},[58,149206,1743],{"class":68},[58,149208,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149210,301],{"class":286},[58,149212,290],{"class":77},[58,149214,147529],{"class":991},[58,149216,69],{"class":68},[58,149218,1757],{"class":239},[58,149220,243],{"class":68},[58,149222,149223],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149224,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149226,149227,149229,149231,149233],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,149228,65],{"class":64},[58,149230,69],{"class":68},[58,149232,340],{"class":239},[58,149234,243],{"class":68},[58,149236,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,149238,65],{"class":64},[58,149240,69],{"class":68},[58,149242,1316],{"class":991},[58,149244,69],{"class":68},[58,149246,340],{"class":239},[58,149248,85],{"class":68},[16,149250,132],{},[49,149252,149254],{"className":51,"code":149253,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[20,149255,149256,149272],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149257,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149259,69],{"class":68},[58,149261,1079],{"class":81},[58,149263,1082],{"class":68},[58,149265,1085],{"class":81},[58,149267,1082],{"class":68},[58,149269,531],{"class":81},[58,149271,243],{"class":68},[58,149273,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149275,1385],{"class":77},[58,149277,1388],{"class":126},[58,149279,1391],{"class":939},[58,149281,47122],{"class":943},[58,149283,1396],{"class":939},[58,149285,1399],{"class":77},[16,149287,155,149288,149290],{},[20,149289,149172],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[44,149292,149294],{"id":149293},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[16,149296,149297,61099],{},[20,149298,36210],{},[16,149300,47096],{},[28,149302,149303,149306,149309],{},[31,149304,149305],{},"creates a tuple object",[31,149307,149308],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[31,149310,149311],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[16,149313,149314,149315,149317,149318,499],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[374,149316,147467],{"href":147466}," or the full guide to ",[374,149319,146163],{"href":146162},[44,149321,222],{"id":221},[16,149323,24642],{},[49,149325,149327],{"className":51,"code":149326,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[20,149328,149329,149335],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149330,149331,149333],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149332,47122],{"class":991},[58,149334,6779],{"class":68},[58,149336,149337,149339,149341,149343],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149338,47122],{"class":991},[58,149340,69],{"class":68},[58,149342,1832],{"class":239},[58,149344,243],{"class":68},[16,149346,9601],{},[28,149348,149349,149352],{},[31,149350,149351],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[31,149353,149354,149355],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[28,149356,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365],{},[31,149358,3424],{},[31,149360,3433],{},[31,149362,61170],{},[31,149364,3430],{},[31,149366,5381],{},[16,149368,149369],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[44,149371,147840],{"id":147839},[16,149373,27806,149374,149376],{},[20,149375,36210],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[49,149378,149380],{"className":51,"code":149379,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[20,149381,149382,149392,149396,149406],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149385,123027],{"class":286},[58,149387,290],{"class":77},[58,149389,147529],{"class":991},[58,149391,6779],{"class":68},[58,149393,149394],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149395,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149397,149398,149400,149402,149404],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149399,65],{"class":64},[58,149401,69],{"class":68},[58,149403,123078],{"class":239},[58,149405,243],{"class":68},[58,149407,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,149409,65],{"class":64},[58,149411,69],{"class":68},[58,149413,1316],{"class":991},[58,149415,69],{"class":68},[58,149417,123078],{"class":239},[58,149419,85],{"class":68},[16,149421,132],{},[49,149423,149424],{"className":51,"code":147885,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,149425,149426,149430],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149427,149428],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149429,6779],{"class":68},[58,149431,149432,149434,149436,149438,149440,149442],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149433,1385],{"class":77},[58,149435,1388],{"class":126},[58,149437,1391],{"class":939},[58,149439,47122],{"class":943},[58,149441,1396],{"class":939},[58,149443,1399],{"class":77},[16,149445,149446],{},"This is equivalent to:",[49,149448,149450],{"className":51,"code":149449,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty = ()\n",[20,149451,149452],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149453,149454,149456,149458],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149455,123027],{"class":286},[58,149457,290],{"class":77},[58,149459,147505],{"class":68},[44,149461,149463],{"id":149462},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[617,149465,149467],{"id":149466},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[16,149469,149470],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[49,149472,149474],{"className":51,"code":149473,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,149475,149476,149496,149510,149514],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149477,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149479,1725],{"class":286},[58,149481,290],{"class":77},[58,149483,1730],{"class":68},[58,149485,408],{"class":81},[58,149487,1082],{"class":68},[58,149489,5922],{"class":81},[58,149491,1082],{"class":68},[58,149493,5927],{"class":81},[58,149495,1743],{"class":68},[58,149497,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149499,301],{"class":286},[58,149501,290],{"class":77},[58,149503,147529],{"class":991},[58,149505,69],{"class":68},[58,149507,1757],{"class":239},[58,149509,243],{"class":68},[58,149511,149512],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149513,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149515,149516,149518,149520,149522],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,149517,65],{"class":64},[58,149519,69],{"class":68},[58,149521,340],{"class":239},[58,149523,243],{"class":68},[16,149525,132],{},[49,149527,149529],{"className":51,"code":149528,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[20,149530,149531],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149532,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149534,69],{"class":68},[58,149536,408],{"class":81},[58,149538,1082],{"class":68},[58,149540,5922],{"class":81},[58,149542,1082],{"class":68},[58,149544,5927],{"class":81},[58,149546,243],{"class":68},[16,149548,149549,149550,499],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[374,149551,103227],{"href":58228},[617,149553,149555],{"id":149554},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[16,149557,149558],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[49,149560,149562],{"className":51,"code":149561,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,149563,149564,149576,149590,149594],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149565,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149567,32847],{"class":286},[58,149569,290],{"class":77},[58,149571,1450],{"class":939},[58,149573,35210],{"class":943},[58,149575,1456],{"class":939},[58,149577,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149579,301],{"class":286},[58,149581,290],{"class":77},[58,149583,147529],{"class":991},[58,149585,69],{"class":68},[58,149587,32868],{"class":239},[58,149589,243],{"class":68},[58,149591,149592],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149593,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149595,149596,149598,149600,149602],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,149597,65],{"class":64},[58,149599,69],{"class":68},[58,149601,340],{"class":239},[58,149603,243],{"class":68},[16,149605,132],{},[49,149607,149609],{"className":51,"code":149608,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[20,149610,149611],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149612,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149614,69],{"class":68},[58,149616,1396],{"class":939},[58,149618,7878],{"class":943},[58,149620,1396],{"class":939},[58,149622,1082],{"class":68},[58,149624,1391],{"class":939},[58,149626,374],{"class":943},[58,149628,1396],{"class":939},[58,149630,1082],{"class":68},[58,149632,1391],{"class":939},[58,149634,61460],{"class":943},[58,149636,1396],{"class":939},[58,149638,243],{"class":68},[16,149640,149641,149642,12201,149645,149647,149648,499],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[20,149643,149644],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[1855,149646,2751],{}," create ",[20,149649,149650],{},"('cat',)",[617,149652,149654],{"id":149653},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[16,149656,149657,149659,149660,149662],{},[20,149658,34360],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[20,149661,36210],{}," collects them all.",[49,149664,149666],{"className":51,"code":149665,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,149667,149668,149686,149690],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149669,149670,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149671,301],{"class":286},[58,149673,290],{"class":77},[58,149675,147529],{"class":991},[58,149677,69],{"class":68},[58,149679,58171],{"class":64},[58,149681,69],{"class":68},[58,149683,200],{"class":81},[58,149685,85],{"class":68},[58,149687,149688],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149689,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149691,149692,149694,149696,149698],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149693,65],{"class":64},[58,149695,69],{"class":68},[58,149697,340],{"class":239},[58,149699,243],{"class":68},[16,149701,132],{},[49,149703,149705],{"className":51,"code":149704,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[20,149706,149707],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149708,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149710,69],{"class":68},[58,149712,183],{"class":81},[58,149714,1082],{"class":68},[58,149716,3623],{"class":81},[58,149718,1082],{"class":68},[58,149720,1085],{"class":81},[58,149722,1082],{"class":68},[58,149724,531],{"class":81},[58,149726,1082],{"class":68},[58,149728,537],{"class":81},[58,149730,243],{"class":68},[617,149732,149734],{"id":149733},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[16,149736,149737],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[49,149739,149741],{"className":51,"code":149740,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,149742,149743,149763,149777,149781],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149744,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149746,1936],{"class":286},[58,149748,290],{"class":77},[58,149750,8630],{"class":68},[58,149752,1079],{"class":81},[58,149754,1082],{"class":68},[58,149756,1085],{"class":81},[58,149758,1082],{"class":68},[58,149760,531],{"class":81},[58,149762,7447],{"class":68},[58,149764,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149766,301],{"class":286},[58,149768,290],{"class":77},[58,149770,147529],{"class":991},[58,149772,69],{"class":68},[58,149774,3483],{"class":239},[58,149776,243],{"class":68},[58,149778,149779],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149780,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149782,149783,149785,149787,149789],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,149784,65],{"class":64},[58,149786,69],{"class":68},[58,149788,340],{"class":239},[58,149790,243],{"class":68},[16,149792,132],{},[49,149794,149795],{"className":51,"code":147742,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,149796,149797],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149798,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149800,69],{"class":68},[58,149802,1079],{"class":81},[58,149804,1082],{"class":68},[58,149806,1085],{"class":81},[58,149808,1082],{"class":68},[58,149810,531],{"class":81},[58,149812,243],{"class":68},[16,149814,149815,149816,499],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[374,149817,149819],{"href":149818},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[617,149821,149823],{"id":149822},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[16,149825,61713,149826,149828],{},[20,149827,36210],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[49,149830,149832],{"className":51,"code":149831,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[20,149833,149834,149870,149884,149888],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149835,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149837,11351],{"class":286},[58,149839,290],{"class":77},[58,149841,8630],{"class":68},[58,149843,940],{"class":939},[58,149845,5799],{"class":943},[58,149847,940],{"class":939},[58,149849,973],{"class":68},[58,149851,1450],{"class":939},[58,149853,11026],{"class":943},[58,149855,940],{"class":939},[58,149857,1082],{"class":68},[58,149859,1450],{"class":939},[58,149861,7437],{"class":943},[58,149863,940],{"class":939},[58,149865,973],{"class":68},[58,149867,7444],{"class":81},[58,149869,7447],{"class":68},[58,149871,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149873,301],{"class":286},[58,149875,290],{"class":77},[58,149877,147529],{"class":991},[58,149879,69],{"class":68},[58,149881,15457],{"class":239},[58,149883,243],{"class":68},[58,149885,149886],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149887,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149889,149890,149892,149894,149896],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,149891,65],{"class":64},[58,149893,69],{"class":68},[58,149895,340],{"class":239},[58,149897,243],{"class":68},[16,149899,28186],{},[49,149901,149903],{"className":51,"code":149902,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('name', 'age')\n",[20,149904,149905],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149906,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149908,69],{"class":68},[58,149910,1396],{"class":939},[58,149912,5799],{"class":943},[58,149914,1396],{"class":939},[58,149916,1082],{"class":68},[58,149918,1391],{"class":939},[58,149920,7437],{"class":943},[58,149922,1396],{"class":939},[58,149924,243],{"class":68},[44,149926,149928],{"id":149927},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[16,149930,149931],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[16,149933,149934,149937],{},[20,149935,149936],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[49,149939,149941],{"className":51,"code":149940,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[20,149942,149943,149979,149983,149997],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,149944,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,149946,11351],{"class":286},[58,149948,290],{"class":77},[58,149950,8630],{"class":68},[58,149952,940],{"class":939},[58,149954,5799],{"class":943},[58,149956,940],{"class":939},[58,149958,973],{"class":68},[58,149960,1450],{"class":939},[58,149962,11026],{"class":943},[58,149964,940],{"class":939},[58,149966,1082],{"class":68},[58,149968,1450],{"class":939},[58,149970,7437],{"class":943},[58,149972,940],{"class":939},[58,149974,973],{"class":68},[58,149976,7444],{"class":81},[58,149978,7447],{"class":68},[58,149980,149981],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,149982,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,149984,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,149986,65],{"class":64},[58,149988,69],{"class":68},[58,149990,47122],{"class":991},[58,149992,69],{"class":68},[58,149994,15457],{"class":239},[58,149996,85],{"class":68},[58,149998,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,150000,65],{"class":64},[58,150002,69],{"class":68},[58,150004,47122],{"class":991},[58,150006,69],{"class":68},[58,150008,15457],{"class":239},[58,150010,499],{"class":68},[58,150012,5942],{"class":239},[58,150014,4417],{"class":68},[16,150016,132],{},[49,150018,150020],{"className":51,"code":150019,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[20,150021,150022,150042],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150023,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150025,69],{"class":68},[58,150027,1396],{"class":939},[58,150029,5799],{"class":943},[58,150031,1396],{"class":939},[58,150033,1082],{"class":68},[58,150035,1391],{"class":939},[58,150037,7437],{"class":943},[58,150039,1396],{"class":939},[58,150041,243],{"class":68},[58,150043,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,150045,3636],{"class":68},[58,150047,1396],{"class":939},[58,150049,5799],{"class":943},[58,150051,1396],{"class":939},[58,150053,1082],{"class":68},[58,150055,1391],{"class":939},[58,150057,11026],{"class":943},[58,150059,1396],{"class":939},[58,150061,7371],{"class":68},[58,150063,7374],{"class":68},[58,150065,1396],{"class":939},[58,150067,7437],{"class":943},[58,150069,1396],{"class":939},[58,150071,1082],{"class":68},[58,150073,7444],{"class":81},[58,150075,85],{"class":68},[16,150077,16846],{},[28,150079,150080,150085],{},[31,150081,150082,150084],{},[20,150083,149936],{}," for keys",[31,150086,150087,30715],{},[20,150088,150089],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[16,150091,150092,150093,499],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[374,150094,61723],{"href":61722},[44,150096,150098],{"id":150097},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[16,150100,150101,16470],{},[20,150102,36210],{},[28,150104,150105,150108,150111,150114],{},[31,150106,150107],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[31,150109,150110],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[31,150112,150113],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[31,150115,150116],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[16,150118,276],{},[49,150120,150122],{"className":51,"code":150121,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[20,150123,150124,150143],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150125,150126,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150127,150128],{"class":286},"coordinates ",[58,150130,290],{"class":77},[58,150132,147529],{"class":991},[58,150134,1076],{"class":68},[58,150136,586],{"class":81},[58,150138,1082],{"class":68},[58,150140,4120],{"class":81},[58,150142,2004],{"class":68},[58,150144,150145,150147,150149,150152],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,150146,65],{"class":64},[58,150148,69],{"class":68},[58,150150,150151],{"class":239},"coordinates",[58,150153,243],{"class":68},[16,150155,132],{},[49,150157,150159],{"className":51,"code":150158,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(4, 7)\n",[20,150160,150161],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150162,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150164,69],{"class":68},[58,150166,586],{"class":81},[58,150168,1082],{"class":68},[58,150170,4120],{"class":81},[58,150172,243],{"class":68},[16,150174,150175],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[28,150177,150178,150180,150183,150186],{},[31,150179,150151],{},[31,150181,150182],{},"RGB colors",[31,150184,150185],{},"dates",[31,150187,150188],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[44,150190,150192],{"id":150191},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[16,150194,42596,150195,8741],{},[20,150196,36210],{},[28,150198,150199,150202,150205],{},[31,150200,150201],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[31,150203,150204],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[31,150206,150207],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[16,150209,114654,150210,150212],{},[1855,150211,2751],{}," work:",[49,150214,150216],{"className":51,"code":150215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tuple(5)\n",[20,150217,150218],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150219,150220,150222,150224,150226],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150221,47122],{"class":991},[58,150223,69],{"class":68},[58,150225,200],{"class":81},[58,150227,243],{"class":68},[16,150229,150230],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[16,150232,150233],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[44,150235,113492],{"id":113491},[16,150237,150238],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[617,150240,150242],{"id":150241},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[16,150244,921],{},[49,150246,150247],{"className":51,"code":150215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,150248,150249],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150250,150251,150253,150255,150257],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150252,47122],{"class":991},[58,150254,69],{"class":68},[58,150256,200],{"class":81},[58,150258,243],{"class":68},[16,150260,27837],{},[49,150262,150263],{"className":51,"code":61827,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,150264,150265],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150266,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150268,1098],{"class":991},[58,150270,973],{"class":68},[58,150272,1391],{"class":939},[58,150274,256],{"class":943},[58,150276,1396],{"class":939},[58,150278,22771],{"class":991},[58,150280,6230],{"class":77},[58,150282,6233],{"class":77},[58,150284,61850],{"class":286},[16,150286,150287,150288,499],{},"If you see this, read ",[374,150289,60464],{"href":50770},[617,150291,150293],{"id":150292},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[16,150295,150296],{},"This code:",[49,150298,150300],{"className":51,"code":150299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[20,150301,150302],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150303,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150305,47122],{"class":991},[58,150307,69],{"class":68},[58,150309,940],{"class":939},[58,150311,1959],{"class":943},[58,150313,940],{"class":939},[58,150315,243],{"class":68},[16,150317,150318],{},"returns:",[49,150320,150322],{"className":51,"code":150321,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[20,150323,150324],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150325,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150327,69],{"class":68},[58,150329,1396],{"class":939},[58,150331,58611],{"class":943},[58,150333,1396],{"class":939},[58,150335,1082],{"class":68},[58,150337,1391],{"class":939},[58,150339,58620],{"class":943},[58,150341,1396],{"class":939},[58,150343,1082],{"class":68},[58,150345,1391],{"class":939},[58,150347,58629],{"class":943},[58,150349,1396],{"class":939},[58,150351,1082],{"class":68},[58,150353,1391],{"class":939},[58,150355,58629],{"class":943},[58,150357,1396],{"class":939},[58,150359,1082],{"class":68},[58,150361,1391],{"class":939},[58,150363,58646],{"class":943},[58,150365,1396],{"class":939},[58,150367,243],{"class":68},[16,150369,39071,150370,150372],{},[1855,150371,2751],{}," return:",[49,150374,150376],{"className":51,"code":150375,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('hello',)\n",[20,150377,150378],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150379,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150381,69],{"class":68},[58,150383,1396],{"class":939},[58,150385,1959],{"class":943},[58,150387,1396],{"class":939},[58,150389,147519],{"class":68},[16,150391,150392],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[49,150394,150396],{"className":51,"code":150395,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[20,150397,150398,150415],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150399,150400,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150401,150402],{"class":286},"single ",[58,150404,290],{"class":77},[58,150406,7374],{"class":68},[58,150408,940],{"class":939},[58,150410,1959],{"class":943},[58,150412,940],{"class":939},[58,150414,147519],{"class":68},[58,150416,150417,150419,150421,150424],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,150418,65],{"class":64},[58,150420,69],{"class":68},[58,150422,150423],{"class":239},"single",[58,150425,243],{"class":68},[617,150427,150429],{"id":150428},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[16,150431,150296],{},[49,150433,150435],{"className":51,"code":150434,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[20,150436,150437,150469],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150438,150439,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150440,7303],{"class":286},[58,150442,290],{"class":77},[58,150444,8630],{"class":68},[58,150446,940],{"class":939},[58,150448,374],{"class":943},[58,150450,940],{"class":939},[58,150452,973],{"class":68},[58,150454,3623],{"class":81},[58,150456,1082],{"class":68},[58,150458,1450],{"class":939},[58,150460,2882],{"class":943},[58,150462,940],{"class":939},[58,150464,973],{"class":68},[58,150466,1085],{"class":81},[58,150468,7447],{"class":68},[58,150470,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,150472,65],{"class":64},[58,150474,69],{"class":68},[58,150476,47122],{"class":991},[58,150478,69],{"class":68},[58,150480,7342],{"class":239},[58,150482,85],{"class":68},[16,150484,150485],{},"returns only the keys:",[49,150487,150489],{"className":51,"code":150488,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('a', 'b')\n",[20,150490,150491],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150492,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150494,69],{"class":68},[58,150496,1396],{"class":939},[58,150498,374],{"class":943},[58,150500,1396],{"class":939},[58,150502,1082],{"class":68},[58,150504,1391],{"class":939},[58,150506,2882],{"class":943},[58,150508,1396],{"class":939},[58,150510,243],{"class":68},[16,150512,150513],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[49,150515,150517],{"className":51,"code":150516,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[20,150518,150519],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150520,150521,150523,150525,150527,150529,150531,150533,150535],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150522,65],{"class":64},[58,150524,69],{"class":68},[58,150526,47122],{"class":991},[58,150528,69],{"class":68},[58,150530,7342],{"class":239},[58,150532,499],{"class":68},[58,150534,5942],{"class":239},[58,150536,4417],{"class":68},[617,150538,150540],{"id":150539},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[16,150542,150543,150544,150546],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[20,150545,36210],{}," conversion.",[16,150548,3597],{},[49,150550,150552],{"className":51,"code":150551,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[20,150553,150554,150574],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150555,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150557,526],{"class":286},[58,150559,290],{"class":77},[58,150561,7374],{"class":68},[58,150563,1079],{"class":81},[58,150565,1082],{"class":68},[58,150567,1085],{"class":81},[58,150569,1082],{"class":68},[58,150571,531],{"class":81},[58,150573,243],{"class":68},[58,150575,150576,150578,150580,150582],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,150577,65],{"class":64},[58,150579,69],{"class":68},[58,150581,553],{"class":239},[58,150583,243],{"class":68},[16,150585,150586],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[16,150588,23660,150589,150591],{},[20,150590,36210],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[44,150593,1555],{"id":1554},[617,150595,150597],{"id":150596},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[16,150599,150600],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[617,150602,150604],{"id":150603},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[16,150606,150607,150608,499],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[20,150609,5496],{},[617,150611,150613],{"id":150612},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[16,150615,150616],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[617,150618,150620],{"id":150619},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[16,150622,150623],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[617,150625,150627],{"id":150626},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[16,150629,150630,150631,499],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[20,150632,1098],{},[44,150634,1603],{"id":1602},[28,150636,150637,150641,150645,150649,150653,150657],{},[31,150638,150639],{},[374,150640,146163],{"href":146162},[31,150642,150643],{},[374,150644,149090],{"href":147466},[31,150646,150647],{},[374,150648,103227],{"href":58228},[31,150650,150651],{},[374,150652,149819],{"href":149818},[31,150654,150655],{},[374,150656,61723],{"href":61722},[31,150658,150659],{},[374,150660,60464],{"href":50770},[1635,150662,150663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":150665},[150666,150667,150668,150669,150670,150677,150678,150679,150680,150686,150693],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":149293,"depth":88,"text":149294},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":147839,"depth":88,"text":147840},{"id":149462,"depth":88,"text":149463,"children":150671},[150672,150673,150674,150675,150676],{"id":149466,"depth":104,"text":149467},{"id":149554,"depth":104,"text":149555},{"id":149653,"depth":104,"text":149654},{"id":149733,"depth":104,"text":149734},{"id":149822,"depth":104,"text":149823},{"id":149927,"depth":88,"text":149928},{"id":150097,"depth":88,"text":150098},{"id":150191,"depth":88,"text":150192},{"id":113491,"depth":88,"text":113492,"children":150681},[150682,150683,150684,150685],{"id":150241,"depth":104,"text":150242},{"id":150292,"depth":104,"text":150293},{"id":150428,"depth":104,"text":150429},{"id":150539,"depth":104,"text":150540},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":150687},[150688,150689,150690,150691,150692],{"id":150596,"depth":104,"text":150597},{"id":150603,"depth":104,"text":150604},{"id":150612,"depth":104,"text":150613},{"id":150619,"depth":104,"text":150620},{"id":150626,"depth":104,"text":150627},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":149148,"description":150694},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":150701,"title":150702,"body":150703,"description":152116,"extension":1667,"meta":152117,"navigation":318,"path":152118,"seo":152119,"stem":152120,"__hash__":152121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":9,"value":150704,"toc":152088},[150705,150710,150715,150718,150720,150799,150805,150810,150814,150829,150831,150878,150880,150888,150896,150902,150904,150909,150929,150932,150959,150961,150985,150987,151129,151131,151135,151143,151146,151148,151225,151227,151235,151239,151243,151253,151263,151265,151270,151272,151331,151336,151338,151438,151440,151454,151459,151465,151472,151475,151477,151587,151591,151608,151610,151673,151675,151683,151695,151699,151704,151732,151735,151817,151819,151830,151832,151836,151863,151865,151867,151947,151955,151957,152012,152014,152019,152022,152026,152030,152032,152036,152040,152048,152055,152058,152060,152085],[12,150706,146047,150708,9464],{"id":150707},"python-tuple-index-method",[20,150709,57140],{},[16,150711,150712,150714],{},[20,150713,147368],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[16,150716,150717],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[44,150719,47],{"id":46},[49,150721,150723],{"className":51,"code":150722,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[20,150724,150725,150765,150787],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150726,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755,150757,150759,150761,150763],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150728,11222],{"class":286},[58,150730,290],{"class":77},[58,150732,7374],{"class":68},[58,150734,940],{"class":939},[58,150736,11239],{"class":943},[58,150738,940],{"class":939},[58,150740,1082],{"class":68},[58,150742,1450],{"class":939},[58,150744,11256],{"class":943},[58,150746,940],{"class":939},[58,150748,1082],{"class":68},[58,150750,1450],{"class":939},[58,150752,15606],{"class":943},[58,150754,940],{"class":939},[58,150756,1082],{"class":68},[58,150758,1450],{"class":939},[58,150760,11256],{"class":943},[58,150762,940],{"class":939},[58,150764,243],{"class":68},[58,150766,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,150768,63093],{"class":286},[58,150770,290],{"class":77},[58,150772,11270],{"class":286},[58,150774,499],{"class":68},[58,150776,34007],{"class":239},[58,150778,69],{"class":68},[58,150780,940],{"class":939},[58,150782,11256],{"class":943},[58,150784,940],{"class":939},[58,150786,243],{"class":68},[58,150788,150789,150791,150793,150795,150797],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,150790,65],{"class":64},[58,150792,69],{"class":68},[58,150794,63120],{"class":239},[58,150796,1770],{"class":68},[58,150798,25935],{"class":1773},[16,150800,150801,150804],{},[20,150802,150803],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[44,150806,1788,150808,1791],{"id":150807},"what-tupleindex-does",[20,150809,147368],{},[16,150811,18,150812,9555],{},[20,150813,57140],{},[28,150815,150816,150819,150821,150824],{},[31,150817,150818],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[31,150820,126645],{},[31,150822,150823],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[31,150825,150826,150827],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[20,150828,183],{},[16,150830,276],{},[49,150832,150834],{"className":51,"code":150833,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[20,150835,150836,150860],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150837,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850,150852,150854,150856,150858],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150839,1725],{"class":286},[58,150841,290],{"class":77},[58,150843,7374],{"class":68},[58,150845,408],{"class":81},[58,150847,1082],{"class":68},[58,150849,5922],{"class":81},[58,150851,1082],{"class":68},[58,150853,5927],{"class":81},[58,150855,1082],{"class":68},[58,150857,5922],{"class":81},[58,150859,243],{"class":68},[58,150861,150862,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,150863,65],{"class":64},[58,150865,69],{"class":68},[58,150867,1757],{"class":239},[58,150869,499],{"class":68},[58,150871,34007],{"class":239},[58,150873,69],{"class":68},[58,150875,13903],{"class":81},[58,150877,85],{"class":68},[16,150879,132],{},[49,150881,150882],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,150883,150884],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150885,150886],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150887,45085],{"class":81},[16,150889,19130,150890,150892,150893,150895],{},[20,150891,13903],{}," appears twice, ",[20,150894,57140],{}," returns only the first match.",[16,150897,149314,150898,499],{},[374,150899,150901],{"href":150900},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[44,150903,222],{"id":221},[16,150905,5894,150906,150908],{},[20,150907,57140],{}," in two ways:",[49,150910,150912],{"className":51,"code":150911,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[20,150913,150914],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150915,150916,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150917,150918],{"class":286},"tuple_name",[58,150920,499],{"class":68},[58,150922,34007],{"class":239},[58,150924,69],{"class":68},[58,150926,553],{"class":239},[58,150928,243],{"class":68},[16,150930,150931],{},"or:",[49,150933,150935],{"className":51,"code":150934,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[20,150936,150937],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150938,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150940,150918],{"class":286},[58,150942,499],{"class":68},[58,150944,34007],{"class":239},[58,150946,69],{"class":68},[58,150948,553],{"class":239},[58,150950,1082],{"class":68},[58,150952,34213],{"class":239},[58,150954,1082],{"class":68},[58,150956,63214],{"class":239},[58,150958,243],{"class":68},[617,150960,15545],{"id":15544},[28,150962,150963,150968,150973,150978],{},[31,150964,150965,150967],{},[20,150966,553],{}," — the item to search for",[31,150969,150970,150972],{},[20,150971,34234],{}," — optional starting position",[31,150974,150975,150977],{},[20,150976,50831],{}," — optional ending position",[31,150979,150980,2905,150982,150984],{},[20,150981,50831],{},[1855,150983,63243],{}," in the search",[16,150986,276],{},[49,150988,150990],{"className":51,"code":150989,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[20,150991,150992,151040,151044,151069,151097],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,150993,150994,150996,150998,151000,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010,151012,151014,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036,151038],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,150995,34252],{"class":286},[58,150997,290],{"class":77},[58,150999,7374],{"class":68},[58,151001,940],{"class":939},[58,151003,374],{"class":943},[58,151005,940],{"class":939},[58,151007,1082],{"class":68},[58,151009,1450],{"class":939},[58,151011,2882],{"class":943},[58,151013,940],{"class":939},[58,151015,1082],{"class":68},[58,151017,1450],{"class":939},[58,151019,7878],{"class":943},[58,151021,940],{"class":939},[58,151023,1082],{"class":68},[58,151025,1450],{"class":939},[58,151027,2882],{"class":943},[58,151029,940],{"class":939},[58,151031,1082],{"class":68},[58,151033,1450],{"class":939},[58,151035,16919],{"class":943},[58,151037,940],{"class":939},[58,151039,243],{"class":68},[58,151041,151042],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151043,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,151045,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151047,65],{"class":64},[58,151049,69],{"class":68},[58,151051,34305],{"class":239},[58,151053,499],{"class":68},[58,151055,34007],{"class":239},[58,151057,69],{"class":68},[58,151059,940],{"class":939},[58,151061,2882],{"class":943},[58,151063,940],{"class":939},[58,151065,3486],{"class":68},[58,151067,151068],{"class":1773},"        # 1\n",[58,151070,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091,151093,151095],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,151072,65],{"class":64},[58,151074,69],{"class":68},[58,151076,34305],{"class":239},[58,151078,499],{"class":68},[58,151080,34007],{"class":239},[58,151082,69],{"class":68},[58,151084,940],{"class":939},[58,151086,2882],{"class":943},[58,151088,940],{"class":939},[58,151090,1082],{"class":68},[58,151092,1085],{"class":81},[58,151094,3486],{"class":68},[58,151096,49088],{"class":1773},[58,151098,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,151100,65],{"class":64},[58,151102,69],{"class":68},[58,151104,34305],{"class":239},[58,151106,499],{"class":68},[58,151108,34007],{"class":239},[58,151110,69],{"class":68},[58,151112,940],{"class":939},[58,151114,2882],{"class":943},[58,151116,940],{"class":939},[58,151118,1082],{"class":68},[58,151120,3623],{"class":81},[58,151122,1082],{"class":68},[58,151124,531],{"class":81},[58,151126,3486],{"class":68},[58,151128,25935],{"class":1773},[44,151130,101554],{"id":101553},[16,151132,151133,23663],{},[20,151134,147368],{},[28,151136,151137,151140],{},[31,151138,151139],{},"An integer",[31,151141,151142],{},"The position of the first matching item",[16,151144,151145],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[16,151147,276],{},[49,151149,151151],{"className":51,"code":151150,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[20,151152,151153,151193,151215],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151154,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151156,106653],{"class":286},[58,151158,290],{"class":77},[58,151160,7374],{"class":68},[58,151162,940],{"class":939},[58,151164,35210],{"class":943},[58,151166,940],{"class":939},[58,151168,1082],{"class":68},[58,151170,1450],{"class":939},[58,151172,56299],{"class":943},[58,151174,940],{"class":939},[58,151176,1082],{"class":68},[58,151178,1450],{"class":939},[58,151180,56316],{"class":943},[58,151182,940],{"class":939},[58,151184,1082],{"class":68},[58,151186,1450],{"class":939},[58,151188,56299],{"class":943},[58,151190,940],{"class":939},[58,151192,243],{"class":68},[58,151194,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151196,301],{"class":286},[58,151198,290],{"class":77},[58,151200,106696],{"class":286},[58,151202,499],{"class":68},[58,151204,34007],{"class":239},[58,151206,69],{"class":68},[58,151208,940],{"class":939},[58,151210,56299],{"class":943},[58,151212,940],{"class":939},[58,151214,243],{"class":68},[58,151216,151217,151219,151221,151223],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151218,65],{"class":64},[58,151220,69],{"class":68},[58,151222,340],{"class":239},[58,151224,243],{"class":68},[16,151226,132],{},[49,151228,151229],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,151230,151231],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151232,151233],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151234,45085],{"class":81},[44,151236,151238],{"id":151237},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[16,151240,155,151241,8741],{},[20,151242,147368],{},[28,151244,151245,151247,151250],{},[31,151246,64272],{},[31,151248,151249],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[31,151251,151252],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[16,151254,151255,151256,151259,151260,499],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[20,151257,151258],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[374,151261,147836],{"href":151262},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[44,151264,63804],{"id":63803},[16,151266,151267,151268,499],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[20,151269,38869],{},[16,151271,276],{},[49,151273,151275],{"className":51,"code":151274,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[20,151276,151277,151309],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151278,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151280,11222],{"class":286},[58,151282,290],{"class":77},[58,151284,7374],{"class":68},[58,151286,940],{"class":939},[58,151288,11239],{"class":943},[58,151290,940],{"class":939},[58,151292,1082],{"class":68},[58,151294,1450],{"class":939},[58,151296,11256],{"class":943},[58,151298,940],{"class":939},[58,151300,1082],{"class":68},[58,151302,1450],{"class":939},[58,151304,15606],{"class":943},[58,151306,940],{"class":939},[58,151308,243],{"class":68},[58,151310,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151312,65],{"class":64},[58,151314,69],{"class":68},[58,151316,15653],{"class":239},[58,151318,499],{"class":68},[58,151320,34007],{"class":239},[58,151322,69],{"class":68},[58,151324,940],{"class":939},[58,151326,20677],{"class":943},[58,151328,940],{"class":939},[58,151330,85],{"class":68},[16,151332,37818,151333,151335],{},[20,151334,107978],{}," is not in the tuple.",[16,151337,63879],{},[49,151339,151341],{"className":51,"code":151340,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[20,151342,151343,151375,151379,151395,151417,151423],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151344,151345,151347,151349,151351,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151346,11222],{"class":286},[58,151348,290],{"class":77},[58,151350,7374],{"class":68},[58,151352,940],{"class":939},[58,151354,11239],{"class":943},[58,151356,940],{"class":939},[58,151358,1082],{"class":68},[58,151360,1450],{"class":939},[58,151362,11256],{"class":943},[58,151364,940],{"class":939},[58,151366,1082],{"class":68},[58,151368,1450],{"class":939},[58,151370,15606],{"class":943},[58,151372,940],{"class":939},[58,151374,243],{"class":68},[58,151376,151377],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151378,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,151380,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151382,5127],{"class":1991},[58,151384,1450],{"class":939},[58,151386,20677],{"class":943},[58,151388,940],{"class":939},[58,151390,19326],{"class":77},[58,151392,11270],{"class":286},[58,151394,4521],{"class":68},[58,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,151398,6202],{"class":64},[58,151400,69],{"class":68},[58,151402,15653],{"class":239},[58,151404,499],{"class":68},[58,151406,34007],{"class":239},[58,151408,69],{"class":68},[58,151410,940],{"class":939},[58,151412,20677],{"class":943},[58,151414,940],{"class":939},[58,151416,85],{"class":68},[58,151418,151419,151421],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,151420,25589],{"class":1991},[58,151422,4521],{"class":68},[58,151424,151425,151427,151429,151431,151434,151436],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,151426,6202],{"class":64},[58,151428,69],{"class":68},[58,151430,940],{"class":939},[58,151432,151433],{"class":943},"Value not found",[58,151435,940],{"class":939},[58,151437,243],{"class":68},[16,151439,132],{},[49,151441,151443],{"className":51,"code":151442,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Value not found\n",[20,151444,151445],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151446,151447,151450,151452],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151448,151449],{"class":286},"Value ",[58,151451,2751],{"class":77},[58,151453,64003],{"class":286},[16,151455,151456,151457,499],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[374,151458,64013],{"href":64012},[44,151460,6552,151461,2512,151463],{"id":63580},[20,151462,34234],{},[20,151464,50831],{},[16,151466,18,151467,2512,151469,151471],{},[20,151468,34234],{},[20,151470,50831],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[16,151473,151474],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[16,151476,276],{},[49,151478,151480],{"className":51,"code":151479,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[20,151481,151482,151510,151514,151535,151559],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151483,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151485,1936],{"class":286},[58,151487,290],{"class":77},[58,151489,7374],{"class":68},[58,151491,200],{"class":81},[58,151493,1082],{"class":68},[58,151495,4131],{"class":81},[58,151497,1082],{"class":68},[58,151499,2725],{"class":81},[58,151501,1082],{"class":68},[58,151503,5922],{"class":81},[58,151505,1082],{"class":68},[58,151507,2725],{"class":81},[58,151509,243],{"class":68},[58,151511,151512],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151513,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,151515,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151517,65],{"class":64},[58,151519,69],{"class":68},[58,151521,3483],{"class":239},[58,151523,499],{"class":68},[58,151525,34007],{"class":239},[58,151527,69],{"class":68},[58,151529,200],{"class":81},[58,151531,3486],{"class":68},[58,151533,151534],{"class":1773},"        # 0\n",[58,151536,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,151538,65],{"class":64},[58,151540,69],{"class":68},[58,151542,3483],{"class":239},[58,151544,499],{"class":68},[58,151546,34007],{"class":239},[58,151548,69],{"class":68},[58,151550,200],{"class":81},[58,151552,1082],{"class":68},[58,151554,3623],{"class":81},[58,151556,3486],{"class":68},[58,151558,49122],{"class":1773},[58,151560,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,151562,65],{"class":64},[58,151564,69],{"class":68},[58,151566,3483],{"class":239},[58,151568,499],{"class":68},[58,151570,34007],{"class":239},[58,151572,69],{"class":68},[58,151574,200],{"class":81},[58,151576,1082],{"class":68},[58,151578,531],{"class":81},[58,151580,1082],{"class":68},[58,151582,2725],{"class":81},[58,151584,3486],{"class":68},[58,151586,49105],{"class":1773},[617,151588,151590],{"id":151589},"how-it-works","How it works",[28,151592,151593,151598,151603],{},[31,151594,151595,151597],{},[20,151596,34234],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[31,151599,151600,151602],{},[20,151601,50831],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[31,151604,18,151605,151607],{},[20,151606,50831],{}," position itself is not included",[16,151609,276],{},[49,151611,151613],{"className":51,"code":151612,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[20,151614,151615,151643,151647],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151616,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151618,1936],{"class":286},[58,151620,290],{"class":77},[58,151622,7374],{"class":68},[58,151624,200],{"class":81},[58,151626,1082],{"class":68},[58,151628,4131],{"class":81},[58,151630,1082],{"class":68},[58,151632,2725],{"class":81},[58,151634,1082],{"class":68},[58,151636,5922],{"class":81},[58,151638,1082],{"class":68},[58,151640,2725],{"class":81},[58,151642,243],{"class":68},[58,151644,151645],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151646,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,151648,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151650,65],{"class":64},[58,151652,69],{"class":68},[58,151654,3483],{"class":239},[58,151656,499],{"class":68},[58,151658,34007],{"class":239},[58,151660,69],{"class":68},[58,151662,200],{"class":81},[58,151664,1082],{"class":68},[58,151666,3623],{"class":81},[58,151668,1082],{"class":68},[58,151670,537],{"class":81},[58,151672,85],{"class":68},[16,151674,132],{},[49,151676,151677],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,151678,151679],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151680,151681],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151682,15206],{"class":81},[16,151684,151685,151686,257,151688,15222,151690,151692,151693,499],{},"Python searches positions ",[20,151687,1079],{},[20,151689,117],{},[20,151691,123],{},", but not ",[20,151694,586],{},[44,151696,151698],{"id":151697},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[16,151700,151701,151702,973],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[20,151703,147368],{},[28,151705,151706,151714,151719,151726],{},[31,151707,151708,151709,151711,151712],{},"Do not confuse the ",[1855,151710,553],{}," with the ",[1855,151713,34007],{},[31,151715,151716,151717],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[20,151718,183],{},[31,151720,155,151721,151725],{},[374,151722,147394,151723,8881],{"href":147446},[20,151724,55462],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[31,151727,151728,151729,151731],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[20,151730,151258],{}," when you already know the position",[16,151733,151734],{},"Example of value vs index:",[49,151736,151738],{"className":51,"code":151737,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[20,151739,151740,151772,151776,151800],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151741,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151743,34401],{"class":286},[58,151745,290],{"class":77},[58,151747,7374],{"class":68},[58,151749,940],{"class":939},[58,151751,2196],{"class":943},[58,151753,940],{"class":939},[58,151755,1082],{"class":68},[58,151757,1450],{"class":939},[58,151759,2205],{"class":943},[58,151761,940],{"class":939},[58,151763,1082],{"class":68},[58,151765,1450],{"class":939},[58,151767,31379],{"class":943},[58,151769,940],{"class":939},[58,151771,243],{"class":68},[58,151773,151774],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151775,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,151777,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151779,65],{"class":64},[58,151781,69],{"class":68},[58,151783,34453],{"class":239},[58,151785,499],{"class":68},[58,151787,34007],{"class":239},[58,151789,69],{"class":68},[58,151791,940],{"class":939},[58,151793,2205],{"class":943},[58,151795,940],{"class":939},[58,151797,3486],{"class":68},[58,151799,25935],{"class":1773},[58,151801,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,151803,65],{"class":64},[58,151805,69],{"class":68},[58,151807,34453],{"class":239},[58,151809,2016],{"class":68},[58,151811,1079],{"class":81},[58,151813,18598],{"class":68},[58,151815,151816],{"class":1773},"               # banana\n",[16,151818,246],{},[28,151820,151821,151825],{},[31,151822,151823,13395],{},[20,151824,63448],{},[31,151826,151827,151829],{},[20,151828,1079],{}," is the index",[44,151831,914],{"id":913},[16,151833,104292,151834,973],{},[20,151835,147368],{},[28,151837,151838,151841,151846,151851,151858],{},[31,151839,151840],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[31,151842,6588,151843,151845],{},[20,151844,57140],{}," to return all matching positions",[31,151847,151848,151849],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[20,151850,183],{},[31,151852,151853,151854,2512,151856],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[20,151855,34234],{},[20,151857,50831],{},[31,151859,35367,151860,151862],{},[20,151861,147368],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[617,151864,58883],{"id":58882},[16,151866,92554],{},[49,151868,151870],{"className":51,"code":151869,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[20,151871,151872,151882,151896,151911,151929],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151873,151874,151876,151878,151880],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151875,65],{"class":64},[58,151877,69],{"class":68},[58,151879,146181],{"class":239},[58,151881,243],{"class":68},[58,151883,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151885,65],{"class":64},[58,151887,69],{"class":68},[58,151889,9303],{"class":64},[58,151891,69],{"class":68},[58,151893,146181],{"class":239},[58,151895,85],{"class":68},[58,151897,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906,151909],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151899,65],{"class":64},[58,151901,69],{"class":68},[58,151903,526],{"class":239},[58,151905,1998],{"class":1991},[58,151907,151908],{"class":239}," my_tuple",[58,151910,243],{"class":68},[58,151912,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,151914,65],{"class":64},[58,151916,69],{"class":68},[58,151918,146181],{"class":239},[58,151920,499],{"class":68},[58,151922,39425],{"class":239},[58,151924,69],{"class":68},[58,151926,553],{"class":239},[58,151928,85],{"class":68},[58,151930,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,151932,65],{"class":64},[58,151934,69],{"class":68},[58,151936,146181],{"class":239},[58,151938,499],{"class":68},[58,151940,34007],{"class":239},[58,151942,69],{"class":68},[58,151944,553],{"class":239},[58,151946,85],{"class":68},[16,151948,151949,151950,82571,151952,151954],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[20,151951,38869],{},[20,151953,553],{}," is missing.",[16,151956,127798],{},[49,151958,151960],{"className":51,"code":151959,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[20,151961,151962,151974,151992,151998],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,151963,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,151965,5127],{"class":1991},[58,151967,19737],{"class":286},[58,151969,1998],{"class":77},[58,151971,151908],{"class":286},[58,151973,4521],{"class":68},[58,151975,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,151977,6202],{"class":64},[58,151979,69],{"class":68},[58,151981,146181],{"class":239},[58,151983,499],{"class":68},[58,151985,34007],{"class":239},[58,151987,69],{"class":68},[58,151989,553],{"class":239},[58,151991,85],{"class":68},[58,151993,151994,151996],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,151995,25589],{"class":1991},[58,151997,4521],{"class":68},[58,151999,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,152001,6202],{"class":64},[58,152003,69],{"class":68},[58,152005,940],{"class":939},[58,152007,151433],{"class":943},[58,152009,940],{"class":939},[58,152011,243],{"class":68},[44,152013,1555],{"id":1554},[617,152015,3265,152017,10861],{"id":152016},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[20,152018,147368],{},[16,152020,152021],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[617,152023,152025],{"id":152024},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[16,152027,152028,150895],{},[20,152029,147368],{},[617,152031,147347],{"id":147346},[16,152033,75032,152034,499],{},[20,152035,38869],{},[617,152037,152039],{"id":152038},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[16,152041,152042,152043,2512,152045,152047],{},"Yes. You can use ",[20,152044,34234],{},[20,152046,50831],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[617,152049,13051,152051,55377,152053,573],{"id":152050},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[20,152052,147368],{},[20,152054,63039],{},[16,152056,152057],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[44,152059,1603],{"id":1602},[28,152061,152062,152068,152072,152077,152081],{},[31,152063,152064],{},[374,152065,147394,152066,8881],{"href":147446},[20,152067,55462],{},[31,152069,152070],{},[374,152071,147836],{"href":151262},[31,152073,152074],{},[374,152075,152076],{"href":149142},"Creating a tuple in Python",[31,152078,152079],{},[374,152080,64013],{"href":64012},[31,152082,152083],{},[374,152084,149090],{"href":150900},[1635,152086,152087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":152089},[152090,152091,152093,152096,152097,152098,152099,152102,152103,152106,152115],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":150807,"depth":88,"text":152092},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222,"children":152094},[152095],{"id":15544,"depth":104,"text":15545},{"id":101553,"depth":88,"text":101554},{"id":151237,"depth":88,"text":151238},{"id":63803,"depth":88,"text":63804},{"id":63580,"depth":88,"text":64363,"children":152100},[152101],{"id":151589,"depth":104,"text":151590},{"id":151697,"depth":88,"text":151698},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914,"children":152104},[152105],{"id":58882,"depth":104,"text":58883},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":152107},[152108,152110,152111,152112,152113],{"id":152016,"depth":104,"text":152109},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":152024,"depth":104,"text":152025},{"id":147346,"depth":104,"text":147347},{"id":152038,"depth":104,"text":152039},{"id":152050,"depth":104,"text":152114},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":150702,"description":152116},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":152123,"title":152124,"body":152125,"description":153520,"extension":1667,"meta":153521,"navigation":318,"path":151262,"seo":153522,"stem":153523,"__hash__":153524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":9,"value":152126,"toc":153502},[152127,152130,152133,152136,152150,152152,152155,152249,152259,152265,152269,152272,152275,152277,152295,152297,152368,152370,152387,152391,152395,152398,152415,152418,152433,152435,152526,152529,152533,152536,152553,152555,152650,152653,152656,152660,152663,152757,152759,152778,152781,152785,152788,152790,152845,152847,152882,152885,152899,152907,153000,153009,153013,153016,153023,153026,153073,153075,153083,153086,153137,153139,153156,153161,153165,153168,153171,153173,153224,153227,153282,153285,153288,153290,153293,153313,153315,153388,153391,153404,153406,153410,153415,153419,153424,153441,153445,153448,153465,153469,153472,153474,153499],[12,152128,152124],{"id":152129},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[16,152131,152132],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[16,152134,152135],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[28,152137,152138,152141,152144,152147],{},[31,152139,152140],{},"positive indexes",[31,152142,152143],{},"negative indexes",[31,152145,152146],{},"common indexing mistakes",[31,152148,152149],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[44,152151,1715],{"id":1714},[16,152153,152154],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[49,152156,152158],{"className":51,"code":152157,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[20,152159,152160,152192,152196,152213,152230],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152161,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152163,11222],{"class":286},[58,152165,290],{"class":77},[58,152167,7374],{"class":68},[58,152169,940],{"class":939},[58,152171,11239],{"class":943},[58,152173,940],{"class":939},[58,152175,1082],{"class":68},[58,152177,1450],{"class":939},[58,152179,15606],{"class":943},[58,152181,940],{"class":939},[58,152183,1082],{"class":68},[58,152185,1450],{"class":939},[58,152187,11256],{"class":943},[58,152189,940],{"class":939},[58,152191,243],{"class":68},[58,152193,152194],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152195,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152197,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152199,65],{"class":64},[58,152201,69],{"class":68},[58,152203,15653],{"class":239},[58,152205,2016],{"class":68},[58,152207,183],{"class":81},[58,152209,18598],{"class":68},[58,152211,152212],{"class":1773},"   # red\n",[58,152214,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,152216,65],{"class":64},[58,152218,69],{"class":68},[58,152220,15653],{"class":239},[58,152222,2016],{"class":68},[58,152224,1079],{"class":81},[58,152226,18598],{"class":68},[58,152228,152229],{"class":1773},"   # green\n",[58,152231,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,152233,65],{"class":64},[58,152235,69],{"class":68},[58,152237,15653],{"class":239},[58,152239,2016],{"class":68},[58,152241,78],{"class":77},[58,152243,1079],{"class":81},[58,152245,18598],{"class":68},[58,152247,152248],{"class":1773},"  # blue\n",[28,152250,152251,152256],{},[31,152252,130587,152253,152255],{},[20,152254,183],{}," is the first item.",[31,152257,152258],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[16,152260,152261,152262,499],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[374,152263,152264],{"href":146166},"how to create a tuple in Python",[44,152266,152268],{"id":152267},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[16,152270,152271],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[16,152273,152274],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[16,152276,9601],{},[28,152278,152279,152282,152289,152292],{},[31,152280,152281],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[31,152283,152284,152285,17115,152287],{},"Python starts counting at ",[20,152286,183],{},[20,152288,1079],{},[31,152290,152291],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[31,152293,152294],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[16,152296,276],{},[49,152298,152300],{"className":51,"code":152299,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[20,152301,152302,152322,152326,152340,152354],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152303,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152305,1725],{"class":286},[58,152307,290],{"class":77},[58,152309,7374],{"class":68},[58,152311,408],{"class":81},[58,152313,1082],{"class":68},[58,152315,5922],{"class":81},[58,152317,1082],{"class":68},[58,152319,5927],{"class":81},[58,152321,243],{"class":68},[58,152323,152324],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152325,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152327,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152329,65],{"class":64},[58,152331,69],{"class":68},[58,152333,1757],{"class":239},[58,152335,2016],{"class":68},[58,152337,183],{"class":81},[58,152339,2004],{"class":68},[58,152341,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,152343,65],{"class":64},[58,152345,69],{"class":68},[58,152347,1757],{"class":239},[58,152349,2016],{"class":68},[58,152351,1079],{"class":81},[58,152353,2004],{"class":68},[58,152355,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,152357,65],{"class":64},[58,152359,69],{"class":68},[58,152361,1757],{"class":239},[58,152363,2016],{"class":68},[58,152365,117],{"class":81},[58,152367,2004],{"class":68},[16,152369,132],{},[49,152371,152373],{"className":51,"code":152372,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"10\n20\n30\n",[20,152374,152375,152379,152383],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152376,152377],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152378,454],{"class":81},[58,152380,152381],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152382,69398],{"class":81},[58,152384,152385],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152386,68014],{"class":81},[16,152388,57565,152389,499],{},[374,152390,146163],{"href":146162},[44,152392,152394],{"id":152393},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[16,152396,152397],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[28,152399,152400,152405,152410],{},[31,152401,152402,152404],{},[20,152403,183],{}," = first item",[31,152406,152407,152409],{},[20,152408,1079],{}," = second item",[31,152411,152412,152414],{},[20,152413,117],{}," = third item",[16,152416,152417],{},"Pattern:",[49,152419,152421],{"className":51,"code":152420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tuple_name[index]\n",[20,152422,152423],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152424,152425,152427,152429,152431],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152426,150918],{"class":286},[58,152428,2016],{"class":68},[58,152430,34007],{"class":286},[58,152432,1743],{"class":68},[16,152434,276],{},[49,152436,152438],{"className":51,"code":152437,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[20,152439,152440,152472,152476,152493,152509],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152441,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152443,34401],{"class":286},[58,152445,290],{"class":77},[58,152447,7374],{"class":68},[58,152449,940],{"class":939},[58,152451,2196],{"class":943},[58,152453,940],{"class":939},[58,152455,1082],{"class":68},[58,152457,1450],{"class":939},[58,152459,2205],{"class":943},[58,152461,940],{"class":939},[58,152463,1082],{"class":68},[58,152465,1450],{"class":939},[58,152467,2214],{"class":943},[58,152469,940],{"class":939},[58,152471,243],{"class":68},[58,152473,152474],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152475,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152477,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152479,65],{"class":64},[58,152481,69],{"class":68},[58,152483,34453],{"class":239},[58,152485,2016],{"class":68},[58,152487,183],{"class":81},[58,152489,18598],{"class":68},[58,152491,152492],{"class":1773},"  # apple\n",[58,152494,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505,152507],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,152496,65],{"class":64},[58,152498,69],{"class":68},[58,152500,34453],{"class":239},[58,152502,2016],{"class":68},[58,152504,1079],{"class":81},[58,152506,18598],{"class":68},[58,152508,49656],{"class":1773},[58,152510,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,152512,65],{"class":64},[58,152514,69],{"class":68},[58,152516,34453],{"class":239},[58,152518,2016],{"class":68},[58,152520,117],{"class":81},[58,152522,18598],{"class":68},[58,152524,152525],{"class":1773},"  # cherry\n",[16,152527,152528],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[44,152530,152532],{"id":152531},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[16,152534,152535],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[28,152537,152538,152543,152548],{},[31,152539,152540,152542],{},[20,152541,64028],{}," = last item",[31,152544,152545,152547],{},[20,152546,93584],{}," = second-to-last item",[31,152549,152550,152552],{},[20,152551,45839],{}," = third-to-last item",[16,152554,276],{},[49,152556,152558],{"className":51,"code":152557,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[20,152559,152560,152592,152596,152614,152632],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152561,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152563,34401],{"class":286},[58,152565,290],{"class":77},[58,152567,7374],{"class":68},[58,152569,940],{"class":939},[58,152571,2196],{"class":943},[58,152573,940],{"class":939},[58,152575,1082],{"class":68},[58,152577,1450],{"class":939},[58,152579,2205],{"class":943},[58,152581,940],{"class":939},[58,152583,1082],{"class":68},[58,152585,1450],{"class":939},[58,152587,2214],{"class":943},[58,152589,940],{"class":939},[58,152591,243],{"class":68},[58,152593,152594],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152595,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152597,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152599,65],{"class":64},[58,152601,69],{"class":68},[58,152603,34453],{"class":239},[58,152605,2016],{"class":68},[58,152607,78],{"class":77},[58,152609,1079],{"class":81},[58,152611,18598],{"class":68},[58,152613,152525],{"class":1773},[58,152615,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,152617,65],{"class":64},[58,152619,69],{"class":68},[58,152621,34453],{"class":239},[58,152623,2016],{"class":68},[58,152625,78],{"class":77},[58,152627,117],{"class":81},[58,152629,18598],{"class":68},[58,152631,49656],{"class":1773},[58,152633,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,152635,65],{"class":64},[58,152637,69],{"class":68},[58,152639,34453],{"class":239},[58,152641,2016],{"class":68},[58,152643,78],{"class":77},[58,152645,123],{"class":81},[58,152647,18598],{"class":68},[58,152649,152492],{"class":1773},[16,152651,152652],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[16,152654,152655],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[44,152657,152659],{"id":152658},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[16,152661,152662],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[49,152664,152666],{"className":51,"code":152665,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[20,152667,152668,152700,152704,152721,152738],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152669,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152671,3117],{"class":286},[58,152673,290],{"class":77},[58,152675,7374],{"class":68},[58,152677,940],{"class":939},[58,152679,11026],{"class":943},[58,152681,940],{"class":939},[58,152683,1082],{"class":68},[58,152685,1450],{"class":939},[58,152687,34102],{"class":943},[58,152689,940],{"class":939},[58,152691,1082],{"class":68},[58,152693,1450],{"class":939},[58,152695,34111],{"class":943},[58,152697,940],{"class":939},[58,152699,243],{"class":68},[58,152701,152702],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152703,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152705,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152707,65],{"class":64},[58,152709,69],{"class":68},[58,152711,3161],{"class":239},[58,152713,2016],{"class":68},[58,152715,183],{"class":81},[58,152717,18598],{"class":68},[58,152719,152720],{"class":1773},"   # first item\n",[58,152722,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,152724,65],{"class":64},[58,152726,69],{"class":68},[58,152728,3161],{"class":239},[58,152730,2016],{"class":68},[58,152732,1079],{"class":81},[58,152734,18598],{"class":68},[58,152736,152737],{"class":1773},"   # middle item\n",[58,152739,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,152741,65],{"class":64},[58,152743,69],{"class":68},[58,152745,3161],{"class":239},[58,152747,2016],{"class":68},[58,152749,78],{"class":77},[58,152751,1079],{"class":81},[58,152753,18598],{"class":68},[58,152755,152756],{"class":1773},"  # last item\n",[16,152758,132],{},[49,152760,152762],{"className":51,"code":152761,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[20,152763,152764,152768,152773],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152765,152766],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152767,48209],{"class":286},[58,152769,152770],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152771,152772],{"class":286},"Ben\n",[58,152774,152775],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152776,152777],{"class":286},"Cara\n",[16,152779,152780],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[44,152782,152784],{"id":152783},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[16,152786,152787],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[16,152789,276],{},[49,152791,152793],{"className":51,"code":152792,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[20,152794,152795,152827,152831],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152796,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152798,34252],{"class":286},[58,152800,290],{"class":77},[58,152802,7374],{"class":68},[58,152804,940],{"class":939},[58,152806,374],{"class":943},[58,152808,940],{"class":939},[58,152810,1082],{"class":68},[58,152812,1450],{"class":939},[58,152814,2882],{"class":943},[58,152816,940],{"class":939},[58,152818,1082],{"class":68},[58,152820,1450],{"class":939},[58,152822,7878],{"class":943},[58,152824,940],{"class":939},[58,152826,243],{"class":68},[58,152828,152829],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152830,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152832,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152834,65],{"class":64},[58,152836,69],{"class":68},[58,152838,34305],{"class":239},[58,152840,2016],{"class":68},[58,152842,200],{"class":81},[58,152844,2004],{"class":68},[16,152846,132],{},[49,152848,152850],{"className":51,"code":152849,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[20,152851,152852,152864,152869],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152853,152854,152857,152859,152862],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152855,152856],{"class":239},"Traceback ",[58,152858,69],{"class":68},[58,152860,152861],{"class":239},"most recent call last",[58,152863,6476],{"class":68},[58,152865,152866],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152867,152868],{"class":32612},"  ...\n",[58,152870,152871,152873,152875,152877,152880],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152872,68905],{"class":991},[58,152874,973],{"class":68},[58,152876,147529],{"class":991},[58,152878,152879],{"class":286}," index out of ",[58,152881,69097],{"class":64},[16,152883,152884],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[28,152886,152887,152891,152895],{},[31,152888,152889],{},[20,152890,183],{},[31,152892,152893],{},[20,152894,1079],{},[31,152896,152897],{},[20,152898,117],{},[16,152900,152901,152902,499],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[374,152903,152904,152906],{"href":147401},[20,152905,40527],{}," on a tuple",[49,152908,152910],{"className":51,"code":152909,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[20,152911,152912,152944,152948,152964,152968,152986],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,152913,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,152915,34252],{"class":286},[58,152917,290],{"class":77},[58,152919,7374],{"class":68},[58,152921,940],{"class":939},[58,152923,374],{"class":943},[58,152925,940],{"class":939},[58,152927,1082],{"class":68},[58,152929,1450],{"class":939},[58,152931,2882],{"class":943},[58,152933,940],{"class":939},[58,152935,1082],{"class":68},[58,152937,1450],{"class":939},[58,152939,7878],{"class":943},[58,152941,940],{"class":939},[58,152943,243],{"class":68},[58,152945,152946],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,152947,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152949,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,152951,65],{"class":64},[58,152953,69],{"class":68},[58,152955,9303],{"class":64},[58,152957,69],{"class":68},[58,152959,34305],{"class":239},[58,152961,3486],{"class":68},[58,152963,48940],{"class":1773},[58,152965,152966],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,152967,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,152969,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,152971,5127],{"class":1991},[58,152973,36550],{"class":64},[58,152975,69],{"class":68},[58,152977,34305],{"class":239},[58,152979,1770],{"class":68},[58,152981,36560],{"class":77},[58,152983,1085],{"class":81},[58,152985,4521],{"class":68},[58,152987,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,152989,6202],{"class":64},[58,152991,69],{"class":68},[58,152993,34305],{"class":239},[58,152995,2016],{"class":68},[58,152997,117],{"class":81},[58,152999,2004],{"class":68},[16,153001,153002,153003,499],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[374,153004,23834,153006],{"href":153005},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[20,153007,153008],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[44,153010,153012],{"id":153011},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[16,153014,153015],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[28,153017,153018,153020],{},[31,153019,75049],{},[31,153021,153022],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[16,153024,153025],{},"Indexing example:",[49,153027,153029],{"className":51,"code":153028,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[20,153030,153031,153055,153059],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153032,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153034,1725],{"class":286},[58,153036,290],{"class":77},[58,153038,7374],{"class":68},[58,153040,408],{"class":81},[58,153042,1082],{"class":68},[58,153044,5922],{"class":81},[58,153046,1082],{"class":68},[58,153048,5927],{"class":81},[58,153050,1082],{"class":68},[58,153052,49013],{"class":81},[58,153054,243],{"class":68},[58,153056,153057],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153058,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,153060,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,153062,65],{"class":64},[58,153064,69],{"class":68},[58,153066,1757],{"class":239},[58,153068,2016],{"class":68},[58,153070,1079],{"class":81},[58,153072,2004],{"class":68},[16,153074,132],{},[49,153076,153077],{"className":51,"code":69398,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,153078,153079],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153080,153081],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153082,69398],{"class":81},[16,153084,153085],{},"Slicing example:",[49,153087,153089],{"className":51,"code":153088,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[20,153090,153091,153115,153119],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153092,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153094,1725],{"class":286},[58,153096,290],{"class":77},[58,153098,7374],{"class":68},[58,153100,408],{"class":81},[58,153102,1082],{"class":68},[58,153104,5922],{"class":81},[58,153106,1082],{"class":68},[58,153108,5927],{"class":81},[58,153110,1082],{"class":68},[58,153112,49013],{"class":81},[58,153114,243],{"class":68},[58,153116,153117],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153118,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,153120,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,153122,65],{"class":64},[58,153124,69],{"class":68},[58,153126,1757],{"class":239},[58,153128,2016],{"class":68},[58,153130,1079],{"class":81},[58,153132,973],{"class":68},[58,153134,123],{"class":81},[58,153136,2004],{"class":68},[16,153138,132],{},[49,153140,153142],{"className":51,"code":153141,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(20, 30)\n",[20,153143,153144],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153145,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153147,69],{"class":68},[58,153149,13903],{"class":81},[58,153151,1082],{"class":68},[58,153153,5927],{"class":81},[58,153155,243],{"class":68},[16,153157,153158,153159,499],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[374,153160,149080],{"href":149079},[44,153162,153164],{"id":153163},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[16,153166,153167],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[16,153169,153170],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[16,153172,4817],{},[49,153174,153176],{"className":51,"code":153175,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[20,153177,153178,153210],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153179,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153181,11222],{"class":286},[58,153183,290],{"class":77},[58,153185,7374],{"class":68},[58,153187,940],{"class":939},[58,153189,11239],{"class":943},[58,153191,940],{"class":939},[58,153193,1082],{"class":68},[58,153195,1450],{"class":939},[58,153197,15606],{"class":943},[58,153199,940],{"class":939},[58,153201,1082],{"class":68},[58,153203,1450],{"class":939},[58,153205,11256],{"class":943},[58,153207,940],{"class":939},[58,153209,243],{"class":68},[58,153211,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153213,65],{"class":64},[58,153215,69],{"class":68},[58,153217,15653],{"class":239},[58,153219,2016],{"class":68},[58,153221,1079],{"class":81},[58,153223,2004],{"class":68},[16,153225,153226],{},"But this does not work:",[49,153228,153230],{"className":51,"code":153229,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[20,153231,153232,153264],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153233,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153235,11222],{"class":286},[58,153237,290],{"class":77},[58,153239,7374],{"class":68},[58,153241,940],{"class":939},[58,153243,11239],{"class":943},[58,153245,940],{"class":939},[58,153247,1082],{"class":68},[58,153249,1450],{"class":939},[58,153251,15606],{"class":943},[58,153253,940],{"class":939},[58,153255,1082],{"class":68},[58,153257,1450],{"class":939},[58,153259,11256],{"class":943},[58,153261,940],{"class":939},[58,153263,243],{"class":68},[58,153265,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153267,15653],{"class":286},[58,153269,2016],{"class":68},[58,153271,1079],{"class":81},[58,153273,11420],{"class":68},[58,153275,11423],{"class":77},[58,153277,1450],{"class":939},[58,153279,20677],{"class":943},[58,153281,1456],{"class":939},[16,153283,153284],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[16,153286,153287],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[44,153289,914],{"id":913},[16,153291,153292],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[28,153294,153295,153301,153304,153307],{},[31,153296,130891,153297,9233,153299],{},[20,153298,1079],{},[20,153300,183],{},[31,153302,153303],{},"Using an index that is too large",[31,153305,153306],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[31,153308,153309,153310],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[20,153311,153312],{},"tuple[index]",[16,153314,60468],{},[49,153316,153318],{"className":51,"code":153317,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[20,153319,153320,153330,153344,153358,153374],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153321,153322,153324,153326,153328],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153323,65],{"class":64},[58,153325,69],{"class":68},[58,153327,146181],{"class":239},[58,153329,243],{"class":68},[58,153331,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153333,65],{"class":64},[58,153335,69],{"class":68},[58,153337,9303],{"class":64},[58,153339,69],{"class":68},[58,153341,146181],{"class":239},[58,153343,85],{"class":68},[58,153345,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,153347,65],{"class":64},[58,153349,69],{"class":68},[58,153351,146181],{"class":239},[58,153353,2016],{"class":68},[58,153355,183],{"class":81},[58,153357,2004],{"class":68},[58,153359,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,153361,65],{"class":64},[58,153363,69],{"class":68},[58,153365,146181],{"class":239},[58,153367,2016],{"class":68},[58,153369,78],{"class":77},[58,153371,1079],{"class":81},[58,153373,2004],{"class":68},[58,153375,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,153377,65],{"class":64},[58,153379,69],{"class":68},[58,153381,1316],{"class":991},[58,153383,69],{"class":68},[58,153385,146181],{"class":239},[58,153387,85],{"class":68},[16,153389,153390],{},"These can help you confirm:",[28,153392,153393,153396,153398,153401],{},[31,153394,153395],{},"what the tuple contains",[31,153397,58957],{},[31,153399,153400],{},"what the first and last items are",[31,153402,153403],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[44,153405,1555],{"id":1554},[617,153407,153409],{"id":153408},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[16,153411,153412,153413,499],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[20,153414,183],{},[617,153416,153418],{"id":153417},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[16,153420,155,153421,153423],{},[20,153422,64028],{}," as the index:",[49,153425,153427],{"className":51,"code":153426,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[20,153428,153429],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153430,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153432,146181],{"class":286},[58,153434,2016],{"class":68},[58,153436,78],{"class":77},[58,153438,1079],{"class":81},[58,153440,1743],{"class":68},[617,153442,153444],{"id":153443},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[16,153446,153447],{},"Python raises:",[49,153449,153451],{"className":51,"code":153450,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[20,153452,153453],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153454,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153456,68905],{"class":991},[58,153458,973],{"class":68},[58,153460,147529],{"class":991},[58,153462,152879],{"class":286},[58,153464,69097],{"class":64},[617,153466,153468],{"id":153467},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[16,153470,153471],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[44,153473,1603],{"id":1602},[28,153475,153476,153481,153485,153489,153495],{},[31,153477,153478],{},[374,153479,153480],{"href":146166},"How to create a tuple in Python",[31,153482,153483],{},[374,153484,149080],{"href":149079},[31,153486,153487],{},[374,153488,149085],{"href":147401},[31,153490,153491],{},[374,153492,24277,153493],{"href":153005},[20,153494,153008],{},[31,153496,153497],{},[374,153498,146163],{"href":146162},[1635,153500,153501],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":153503},[153504,153505,153506,153507,153508,153509,153510,153511,153512,153513,153519],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":152267,"depth":88,"text":152268},{"id":152393,"depth":88,"text":152394},{"id":152531,"depth":88,"text":152532},{"id":152658,"depth":88,"text":152659},{"id":152783,"depth":88,"text":152784},{"id":153011,"depth":88,"text":153012},{"id":153163,"depth":88,"text":153164},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":153514},[153515,153516,153517,153518],{"id":153408,"depth":104,"text":153409},{"id":153417,"depth":104,"text":153418},{"id":153443,"depth":104,"text":153444},{"id":153467,"depth":104,"text":153468},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":152124,"description":153520},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":153526,"title":153527,"body":153528,"description":155417,"extension":1667,"meta":155418,"navigation":318,"path":155419,"seo":155420,"stem":155421,"__hash__":155422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":9,"value":153529,"toc":155374},[153530,153536,153541,153592,153596,153604,153610,153612,153628,153630,153633,153648,153650,153663,153665,153722,153726,153734,153741,153747,153753,153757,153808,153812,153820,153824,153853,153857,153865,153869,153902,153906,153914,153918,153921,153972,153976,153984,153986,154003,154007,154011,154070,154074,154082,154085,154112,154116,154124,154128,154134,154209,154213,154250,154258,154262,154325,154329,154337,154342,154346,154352,154395,154399,154407,154413,154416,154463,154467,154475,154484,154490,154545,154549,154557,154560,154564,154566,154597,154601,154620,154623,154668,154672,154695,154701,154706,154708,154755,154760,154763,154811,154815,154823,154827,154832,154836,154886,154890,154905,154909,154967,154971,154986,154990,155061,155065,155074,155078,155157,155161,155183,155191,155193,155196,155221,155223,155276,155278,155295,155297,155301,155307,155312,155317,155321,155326,155330,155335,155341,155344,155346,155371],[12,153531,153533,153534,1770],{"id":153532},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[20,153535,9303],{},[16,153537,155,153538,153540],{},[20,153539,40527],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[49,153542,153544],{"className":51,"code":153543,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[20,153545,153546,153578],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153547,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153549,11222],{"class":286},[58,153551,290],{"class":77},[58,153553,7374],{"class":68},[58,153555,940],{"class":939},[58,153557,11239],{"class":943},[58,153559,940],{"class":939},[58,153561,1082],{"class":68},[58,153563,1450],{"class":939},[58,153565,15606],{"class":943},[58,153567,940],{"class":939},[58,153569,1082],{"class":68},[58,153571,1450],{"class":939},[58,153573,11256],{"class":943},[58,153575,940],{"class":939},[58,153577,243],{"class":68},[58,153579,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153581,65],{"class":64},[58,153583,69],{"class":68},[58,153585,9303],{"class":64},[58,153587,69],{"class":68},[58,153589,15653],{"class":239},[58,153591,85],{"class":68},[16,153593,153594],{},[1855,153595,132],{},[49,153597,153598],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,153599,153600],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153601,153602],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153603,44785],{"class":81},[16,153605,155,153606,153609],{},[20,153607,153608],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[44,153611,13311],{"id":13310},[28,153613,153614,153619,153623,153626],{},[31,153615,2316,153616,153618],{},[20,153617,40527],{}," works with tuples",[31,153620,66432,153621,9849],{},[20,153622,40527],{},[31,153624,153625],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[31,153627,2638],{},[44,153629,222],{"id":221},[16,153631,153632],{},"Use this pattern:",[49,153634,153636],{"className":51,"code":153635,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"len(my_tuple)\n",[20,153637,153638],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153639,153640,153642,153644,153646],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153641,9303],{"class":64},[58,153643,69],{"class":68},[58,153645,146181],{"class":239},[58,153647,243],{"class":68},[16,153649,9601],{},[28,153651,153652,153655,153658],{},[31,153653,153654],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[31,153656,153657],{},"The result is an integer",[31,153659,153660,153662],{},[20,153661,40527],{}," does not change the tuple",[16,153664,276],{},[49,153666,153668],{"className":51,"code":153667,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[20,153669,153670,153694,153708,153712],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153671,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153673,1725],{"class":286},[58,153675,290],{"class":77},[58,153677,7374],{"class":68},[58,153679,408],{"class":81},[58,153681,1082],{"class":68},[58,153683,5922],{"class":81},[58,153685,1082],{"class":68},[58,153687,5927],{"class":81},[58,153689,1082],{"class":68},[58,153691,49013],{"class":81},[58,153693,243],{"class":68},[58,153695,153696,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153697,39407],{"class":286},[58,153699,290],{"class":77},[58,153701,36550],{"class":64},[58,153703,69],{"class":68},[58,153705,1757],{"class":239},[58,153707,243],{"class":68},[58,153709,153710],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,153711,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,153713,153714,153716,153718,153720],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,153715,65],{"class":64},[58,153717,69],{"class":68},[58,153719,39425],{"class":239},[58,153721,243],{"class":68},[16,153723,153724],{},[1855,153725,132],{},[49,153727,153728],{"className":51,"code":46819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,153729,153730],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153731,153732],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153733,46819],{"class":81},[16,153735,153736,153737,499],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[374,153738,1681,153739,1612],{"href":40524},[20,153740,40527],{},[44,153742,1788,153744,153746],{"id":153743},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[20,153745,40527],{}," returns for a tuple",[16,153748,153749,153750,153752],{},"For a tuple, ",[20,153751,40527],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[617,153754,153756],{"id":153755},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[49,153758,153760],{"className":51,"code":153759,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[20,153761,153762,153794],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153763,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153765,34401],{"class":286},[58,153767,290],{"class":77},[58,153769,7374],{"class":68},[58,153771,940],{"class":939},[58,153773,2196],{"class":943},[58,153775,940],{"class":939},[58,153777,1082],{"class":68},[58,153779,1450],{"class":939},[58,153781,2205],{"class":943},[58,153783,940],{"class":939},[58,153785,1082],{"class":68},[58,153787,1450],{"class":939},[58,153789,31379],{"class":943},[58,153791,940],{"class":939},[58,153793,243],{"class":68},[58,153795,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153797,65],{"class":64},[58,153799,69],{"class":68},[58,153801,9303],{"class":64},[58,153803,69],{"class":68},[58,153805,34453],{"class":239},[58,153807,85],{"class":68},[16,153809,153810],{},[1855,153811,132],{},[49,153813,153814],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,153815,153816],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153817,153818],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153819,44785],{"class":81},[617,153821,153823],{"id":153822},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[49,153825,153827],{"className":51,"code":153826,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[20,153828,153829,153838],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153830,153831,153834,153836],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153832,153833],{"class":286},"empty_tuple ",[58,153835,290],{"class":77},[58,153837,147505],{"class":68},[58,153839,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153851],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153841,65],{"class":64},[58,153843,69],{"class":68},[58,153845,9303],{"class":64},[58,153847,69],{"class":68},[58,153849,153850],{"class":239},"empty_tuple",[58,153852,85],{"class":68},[16,153854,153855],{},[1855,153856,132],{},[49,153858,153859],{"className":51,"code":45420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,153860,153861],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153862,153863],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153864,45420],{"class":81},[617,153866,153868],{"id":153867},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[49,153870,153872],{"className":51,"code":153871,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[20,153873,153874,153887],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153875,153876,153879,153881,153883,153885],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153877,153878],{"class":286},"single_value ",[58,153880,290],{"class":77},[58,153882,7374],{"class":68},[58,153884,200],{"class":81},[58,153886,147519],{"class":68},[58,153888,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153900],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153890,65],{"class":64},[58,153892,69],{"class":68},[58,153894,9303],{"class":64},[58,153896,69],{"class":68},[58,153898,153899],{"class":239},"single_value",[58,153901,85],{"class":68},[16,153903,153904],{},[1855,153905,132],{},[49,153907,153908],{"className":51,"code":45085,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,153909,153910],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153911,153912],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153913,45085],{"class":81},[617,153915,153917],{"id":153916},"nested-items","Nested items",[16,153919,153920],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[49,153922,153924],{"className":51,"code":153923,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[20,153925,153926,153958],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153927,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153929,7303],{"class":286},[58,153931,290],{"class":77},[58,153933,7374],{"class":68},[58,153935,1079],{"class":81},[58,153937,1082],{"class":68},[58,153939,7374],{"class":68},[58,153941,117],{"class":81},[58,153943,1082],{"class":68},[58,153945,531],{"class":81},[58,153947,7371],{"class":68},[58,153949,1730],{"class":68},[58,153951,586],{"class":81},[58,153953,1082],{"class":68},[58,153955,2725],{"class":81},[58,153957,2004],{"class":68},[58,153959,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,153961,65],{"class":64},[58,153963,69],{"class":68},[58,153965,9303],{"class":64},[58,153967,69],{"class":68},[58,153969,7342],{"class":239},[58,153971,85],{"class":68},[16,153973,153974],{},[1855,153975,132],{},[49,153977,153978],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,153979,153980],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,153981,153982],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,153983,44785],{"class":81},[16,153985,18109],{},[28,153987,153988,153993,153998],{},[31,153989,153990,153992],{},[20,153991,1079],{}," is one item",[31,153994,153995,153992],{},[20,153996,153997],{},"(2, 3)",[31,153999,154000,153992],{},[20,154001,154002],{},"[4, 5]",[44,154004,154006],{"id":154005},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[617,154008,154010],{"id":154009},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[49,154012,154014],{"className":51,"code":154013,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[20,154015,154016,154056],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154017,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154019,11222],{"class":286},[58,154021,290],{"class":77},[58,154023,7374],{"class":68},[58,154025,940],{"class":939},[58,154027,11239],{"class":943},[58,154029,940],{"class":939},[58,154031,1082],{"class":68},[58,154033,1450],{"class":939},[58,154035,15606],{"class":943},[58,154037,940],{"class":939},[58,154039,1082],{"class":68},[58,154041,1450],{"class":939},[58,154043,11256],{"class":943},[58,154045,940],{"class":939},[58,154047,1082],{"class":68},[58,154049,1450],{"class":939},[58,154051,20677],{"class":943},[58,154053,940],{"class":939},[58,154055,243],{"class":68},[58,154057,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154059,65],{"class":64},[58,154061,69],{"class":68},[58,154063,9303],{"class":64},[58,154065,69],{"class":68},[58,154067,15653],{"class":239},[58,154069,85],{"class":68},[16,154071,154072],{},[1855,154073,132],{},[49,154075,154076],{"className":51,"code":46819,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,154077,154078],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154079,154080],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154081,46819],{"class":81},[617,154083,153823],{"id":154084},"empty-tuple-1",[49,154086,154088],{"className":51,"code":154087,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[20,154089,154090,154098],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154091,154092,154094,154096],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154093,5911],{"class":286},[58,154095,290],{"class":77},[58,154097,147505],{"class":68},[58,154099,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154101,65],{"class":64},[58,154103,69],{"class":68},[58,154105,9303],{"class":64},[58,154107,69],{"class":68},[58,154109,5942],{"class":239},[58,154111,85],{"class":68},[16,154113,154114],{},[1855,154115,132],{},[49,154117,154118],{"className":51,"code":45420,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,154119,154120],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154121,154122],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154123,45420],{"class":81},[617,154125,154127],{"id":154126},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[16,154129,154130,154131,154133],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[1855,154132,2751],{}," always a tuple.",[49,154135,154137],{"className":51,"code":154136,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[20,154138,154139,154151,154163,154167,154181,154195],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154140,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154142,637],{"class":286},[58,154144,290],{"class":77},[58,154146,7374],{"class":68},[58,154148,200],{"class":81},[58,154150,243],{"class":68},[58,154152,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154154,665],{"class":286},[58,154156,290],{"class":77},[58,154158,7374],{"class":68},[58,154160,200],{"class":81},[58,154162,147519],{"class":68},[58,154164,154165],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,154166,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,154168,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,154170,65],{"class":64},[58,154172,69],{"class":68},[58,154174,1316],{"class":991},[58,154176,69],{"class":68},[58,154178,374],{"class":239},[58,154180,85],{"class":68},[58,154182,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,154184,65],{"class":64},[58,154186,69],{"class":68},[58,154188,1316],{"class":991},[58,154190,69],{"class":68},[58,154192,2882],{"class":239},[58,154194,85],{"class":68},[58,154196,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,154198,65],{"class":64},[58,154200,69],{"class":68},[58,154202,9303],{"class":64},[58,154204,69],{"class":68},[58,154206,2882],{"class":239},[58,154208,85],{"class":68},[16,154210,154211],{},[1855,154212,132],{},[49,154214,154216],{"className":51,"code":154215,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[20,154217,154218,154232,154246],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154219,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154221,1385],{"class":77},[58,154223,1388],{"class":126},[58,154225,1391],{"class":939},[58,154227,256],{"class":943},[58,154229,1396],{"class":939},[58,154231,1399],{"class":77},[58,154233,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154235,1385],{"class":77},[58,154237,1388],{"class":126},[58,154239,1391],{"class":939},[58,154241,47122],{"class":943},[58,154243,1396],{"class":939},[58,154245,1399],{"class":77},[58,154247,154248],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,154249,45085],{"class":81},[16,154251,154252,154253,2512,154256,499],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[374,154254,154255],{"href":146166},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[374,154257,147467],{"href":147466},[617,154259,154261],{"id":154260},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[49,154263,154265],{"className":51,"code":154264,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[20,154266,154267,154311],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154268,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154270,57645],{"class":286},[58,154272,290],{"class":77},[58,154274,7374],{"class":68},[58,154276,940],{"class":939},[58,154278,2196],{"class":943},[58,154280,940],{"class":939},[58,154282,1082],{"class":68},[58,154284,1730],{"class":68},[58,154286,1079],{"class":81},[58,154288,1082],{"class":68},[58,154290,1085],{"class":81},[58,154292,16213],{"class":68},[58,154294,7374],{"class":68},[58,154296,940],{"class":939},[58,154298,240],{"class":943},[58,154300,940],{"class":939},[58,154302,1082],{"class":68},[58,154304,1450],{"class":939},[58,154306,9889],{"class":943},[58,154308,940],{"class":939},[58,154310,85],{"class":68},[58,154312,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154314,65],{"class":64},[58,154316,69],{"class":68},[58,154318,9303],{"class":64},[58,154320,69],{"class":68},[58,154322,57698],{"class":239},[58,154324,85],{"class":68},[16,154326,154327],{},[1855,154328,132],{},[49,154330,154331],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,154332,154333],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154334,154335],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154336,44785],{"class":81},[16,154338,154339,154341],{},[20,154340,40527],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[44,154343,154345],{"id":154344},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[617,154347,154349,154351],{"id":154348},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[20,154350,40527],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[49,154353,154355],{"className":51,"code":154354,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[20,154356,154357,154381],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154358,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154360,2187],{"class":286},[58,154362,290],{"class":77},[58,154364,7374],{"class":68},[58,154366,940],{"class":939},[58,154368,61769],{"class":943},[58,154370,940],{"class":939},[58,154372,1082],{"class":68},[58,154374,1450],{"class":939},[58,154376,53],{"class":943},[58,154378,940],{"class":939},[58,154380,243],{"class":68},[58,154382,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154384,65],{"class":64},[58,154386,69],{"class":68},[58,154388,9303],{"class":64},[58,154390,69],{"class":68},[58,154392,2231],{"class":239},[58,154394,85],{"class":68},[16,154396,154397],{},[1855,154398,132],{},[49,154400,154401],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,154402,154403],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154404,154405],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154406,15206],{"class":81},[16,154408,154409,154410,154412],{},"This result is ",[20,154411,117],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[16,154414,154415],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[49,154417,154419],{"className":51,"code":154418,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[20,154420,154421,154445],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154422,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154424,2187],{"class":286},[58,154426,290],{"class":77},[58,154428,7374],{"class":68},[58,154430,940],{"class":939},[58,154432,61769],{"class":943},[58,154434,940],{"class":939},[58,154436,1082],{"class":68},[58,154438,1450],{"class":939},[58,154440,53],{"class":943},[58,154442,940],{"class":939},[58,154444,243],{"class":68},[58,154446,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154448,65],{"class":64},[58,154450,69],{"class":68},[58,154452,9303],{"class":64},[58,154454,69],{"class":68},[58,154456,2231],{"class":239},[58,154458,2016],{"class":68},[58,154460,183],{"class":81},[58,154462,1092],{"class":68},[16,154464,154465],{},[1855,154466,132],{},[49,154468,154469],{"className":51,"code":15206,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,154470,154471],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154472,154473],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154474,15206],{"class":81},[16,154476,18923,154477,154480,154481,499],{},[20,154478,154479],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[20,154482,154483],{},"\"hi\"",[617,154485,154487,154489],{"id":154486},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[20,154488,40527],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[49,154491,154493],{"className":51,"code":154492,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[20,154494,154495,154531],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154496,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154498,1936],{"class":286},[58,154500,290],{"class":77},[58,154502,8134],{"class":68},[58,154504,1079],{"class":81},[58,154506,1082],{"class":68},[58,154508,1085],{"class":81},[58,154510,7371],{"class":68},[58,154512,7374],{"class":68},[58,154514,123],{"class":81},[58,154516,1082],{"class":68},[58,154518,537],{"class":81},[58,154520,7371],{"class":68},[58,154522,7374],{"class":68},[58,154524,200],{"class":81},[58,154526,1082],{"class":68},[58,154528,35807],{"class":81},[58,154530,85],{"class":68},[58,154532,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154534,65],{"class":64},[58,154536,69],{"class":68},[58,154538,9303],{"class":64},[58,154540,69],{"class":68},[58,154542,3483],{"class":239},[58,154544,85],{"class":68},[16,154546,154547],{},[1855,154548,132],{},[49,154550,154551],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,154552,154553],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154554,154555],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154556,44785],{"class":81},[16,154558,154559],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[617,154561,154563],{"id":154562},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[16,154565,23845],{},[49,154567,154569],{"className":51,"code":154568,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[20,154570,154571,154583],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154572,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154574,526],{"class":286},[58,154576,290],{"class":77},[58,154578,7374],{"class":68},[58,154580,408],{"class":81},[58,154582,243],{"class":68},[58,154584,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154586,65],{"class":64},[58,154588,69],{"class":68},[58,154590,1316],{"class":991},[58,154592,69],{"class":68},[58,154594,553],{"class":239},[58,154596,85],{"class":68},[16,154598,154599],{},[1855,154600,132],{},[49,154602,154604],{"className":51,"code":154603,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[20,154605,154606],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154607,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154609,1385],{"class":77},[58,154611,1388],{"class":126},[58,154613,1391],{"class":939},[58,154615,256],{"class":943},[58,154617,1396],{"class":939},[58,154619,1399],{"class":77},[16,154621,154622],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[49,154624,154626],{"className":51,"code":154625,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[20,154627,154628,154640,154654],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154629,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154631,526],{"class":286},[58,154633,290],{"class":77},[58,154635,7374],{"class":68},[58,154637,408],{"class":81},[58,154639,147519],{"class":68},[58,154641,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154643,65],{"class":64},[58,154645,69],{"class":68},[58,154647,1316],{"class":991},[58,154649,69],{"class":68},[58,154651,553],{"class":239},[58,154653,85],{"class":68},[58,154655,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,154657,65],{"class":64},[58,154659,69],{"class":68},[58,154661,9303],{"class":64},[58,154663,69],{"class":68},[58,154665,553],{"class":239},[58,154667,85],{"class":68},[16,154669,154670],{},[1855,154671,132],{},[49,154673,154675],{"className":51,"code":154674,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[20,154676,154677,154691],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154678,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154680,1385],{"class":77},[58,154682,1388],{"class":126},[58,154684,1391],{"class":939},[58,154686,47122],{"class":943},[58,154688,1396],{"class":939},[58,154690,1399],{"class":77},[58,154692,154693],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154694,45085],{"class":81},[617,154696,154698,154700],{"id":154697},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[20,154699,9303],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[16,154702,42596,154703,154705],{},[20,154704,9303],{}," as a variable name.",[16,154707,42627],{},[49,154709,154711],{"className":51,"code":154710,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[20,154712,154713,154721,154741],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154714,154715,154717,154719],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154716,9303],{"class":64},[58,154718,11423],{"class":77},[58,154720,670],{"class":81},[58,154722,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154724,1725],{"class":286},[58,154726,290],{"class":77},[58,154728,7374],{"class":68},[58,154730,1079],{"class":81},[58,154732,1082],{"class":68},[58,154734,1085],{"class":81},[58,154736,1082],{"class":68},[58,154738,531],{"class":81},[58,154740,243],{"class":68},[58,154742,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,154744,65],{"class":64},[58,154746,69],{"class":68},[58,154748,9303],{"class":64},[58,154750,69],{"class":68},[58,154752,1757],{"class":239},[58,154754,85],{"class":68},[16,154756,37818,154757,154759],{},[20,154758,9303],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[16,154761,154762],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[49,154764,154766],{"className":51,"code":154765,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[20,154767,154768,154777,154797],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154769,154770,154773,154775],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154771,154772],{"class":286},"length_value ",[58,154774,290],{"class":77},[58,154776,670],{"class":81},[58,154778,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154780,1725],{"class":286},[58,154782,290],{"class":77},[58,154784,7374],{"class":68},[58,154786,1079],{"class":81},[58,154788,1082],{"class":68},[58,154790,1085],{"class":81},[58,154792,1082],{"class":68},[58,154794,531],{"class":81},[58,154796,243],{"class":68},[58,154798,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,154800,65],{"class":64},[58,154802,69],{"class":68},[58,154804,9303],{"class":64},[58,154806,69],{"class":68},[58,154808,1757],{"class":239},[58,154810,85],{"class":68},[16,154812,154813],{},[1855,154814,132],{},[49,154816,154817],{"className":51,"code":44785,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,154818,154819],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154820,154821],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154822,44785],{"class":81},[44,154824,154826],{"id":154825},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[16,154828,154829,154831],{},[20,154830,40527],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[617,154833,154835],{"id":154834},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[49,154837,154839],{"className":51,"code":154838,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[20,154840,154841,154849,154853,154871],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154842,154843,154845,154847],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154844,5911],{"class":286},[58,154846,290],{"class":77},[58,154848,147505],{"class":68},[58,154850,154851],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154852,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,154854,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,154856,5127],{"class":1991},[58,154858,36550],{"class":64},[58,154860,69],{"class":68},[58,154862,5942],{"class":239},[58,154864,1770],{"class":68},[58,154866,4536],{"class":77},[58,154868,1947],{"class":81},[58,154870,4521],{"class":68},[58,154872,154873,154875,154877,154879,154882,154884],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,154874,6202],{"class":64},[58,154876,69],{"class":68},[58,154878,940],{"class":939},[58,154880,154881],{"class":943},"The tuple is empty",[58,154883,940],{"class":939},[58,154885,243],{"class":68},[16,154887,154888],{},[1855,154889,132],{},[49,154891,154893],{"className":51,"code":154892,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"The tuple is empty\n",[20,154894,154895],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154896,154897,154899,154901,154903],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154898,18],{"class":286},[58,154900,47122],{"class":991},[58,154902,6230],{"class":77},[58,154904,6236],{"class":286},[617,154906,154908],{"id":154907},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[49,154910,154912],{"className":51,"code":154911,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[20,154913,154914,154930,154934,154952],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154915,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154917,49555],{"class":286},[58,154919,290],{"class":77},[58,154921,7374],{"class":68},[58,154923,586],{"class":81},[58,154925,1082],{"class":68},[58,154927,4120],{"class":81},[58,154929,243],{"class":68},[58,154931,154932],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,154933,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,154935,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,154937,5127],{"class":1991},[58,154939,36550],{"class":64},[58,154941,69],{"class":68},[58,154943,49580],{"class":239},[58,154945,1770],{"class":68},[58,154947,4536],{"class":77},[58,154949,1085],{"class":81},[58,154951,4521],{"class":68},[58,154953,154954,154956,154958,154960,154963,154965],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,154955,6202],{"class":64},[58,154957,69],{"class":68},[58,154959,940],{"class":939},[58,154961,154962],{"class":943},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[58,154964,940],{"class":939},[58,154966,243],{"class":68},[16,154968,154969],{},[1855,154970,132],{},[49,154972,154974],{"className":51,"code":154973,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[20,154975,154976],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154977,154978,154981,154983],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154979,154980],{"class":286},"This looks like an x",[58,154982,1082],{"class":68},[58,154984,154985],{"class":286}," y coordinate\n",[617,154987,154989],{"id":154988},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[49,154991,154993],{"className":51,"code":154992,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[20,154994,154995,155024,155028,155046],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,154996,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017,155020,155022],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,154998,9631],{"class":286},[58,155000,290],{"class":77},[58,155002,7374],{"class":68},[58,155004,940],{"class":939},[58,155006,11026],{"class":943},[58,155008,940],{"class":939},[58,155010,1082],{"class":68},[58,155012,7444],{"class":81},[58,155014,1082],{"class":68},[58,155016,1450],{"class":939},[58,155018,155019],{"class":943},"Canada",[58,155021,940],{"class":939},[58,155023,243],{"class":68},[58,155025,155026],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155027,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,155029,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155031,5127],{"class":1991},[58,155033,36550],{"class":64},[58,155035,69],{"class":68},[58,155037,9725],{"class":239},[58,155039,1770],{"class":68},[58,155041,4536],{"class":77},[58,155043,531],{"class":81},[58,155045,4521],{"class":68},[58,155047,155048,155050,155052,155054,155057,155059],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,155049,6202],{"class":64},[58,155051,69],{"class":68},[58,155053,940],{"class":939},[58,155055,155056],{"class":943},"User record has the expected number of values",[58,155058,940],{"class":939},[58,155060,243],{"class":68},[16,155062,155063],{},[1855,155064,132],{},[49,155066,155068],{"className":51,"code":155067,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[20,155069,155070],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155071,155072],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155073,155067],{"class":286},[617,155075,155077],{"id":155076},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[49,155079,155081],{"className":51,"code":155080,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[20,155082,155083,155115,155119,155139],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155084,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155086,34252],{"class":286},[58,155088,290],{"class":77},[58,155090,7374],{"class":68},[58,155092,940],{"class":939},[58,155094,374],{"class":943},[58,155096,940],{"class":939},[58,155098,1082],{"class":68},[58,155100,1450],{"class":939},[58,155102,2882],{"class":943},[58,155104,940],{"class":939},[58,155106,1082],{"class":68},[58,155108,1450],{"class":939},[58,155110,7878],{"class":943},[58,155112,940],{"class":939},[58,155114,243],{"class":68},[58,155116,155117],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155118,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155122,4084],{"class":1991},[58,155124,67722],{"class":286},[58,155126,1998],{"class":1991},[58,155128,52241],{"class":64},[58,155130,69],{"class":68},[58,155132,9303],{"class":64},[58,155134,69],{"class":68},[58,155136,34305],{"class":239},[58,155138,67737],{"class":68},[58,155140,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149,155151,155153,155155],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,155142,6202],{"class":64},[58,155144,69],{"class":68},[58,155146,34316],{"class":239},[58,155148,1082],{"class":68},[58,155150,68270],{"class":239},[58,155152,2016],{"class":68},[58,155154,34316],{"class":239},[58,155156,2004],{"class":68},[16,155158,155159],{},[1855,155160,132],{},[49,155162,155163],{"className":51,"code":34328,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,155164,155165,155171,155177],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155166,155167,155169],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155168,183],{"class":81},[58,155170,34337],{"class":286},[58,155172,155173,155175],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155174,1079],{"class":81},[58,155176,34344],{"class":286},[58,155178,155179,155181],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155180,117],{"class":81},[58,155182,34351],{"class":286},[16,155184,155185,155186,155188,155189,499],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[374,155187,147836],{"href":147835},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[374,155190,149080],{"href":149079},[44,155192,914],{"id":913},[16,155194,155195],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[28,155197,155198,155206,155213,155218],{},[31,155199,155200,155201,9233,155204],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[20,155202,155203],{},"(5)",[20,155205,147670],{},[31,155207,6552,155208,155210,155211],{},[20,155209,9303],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[20,155212,40527],{},[31,155214,6588,155215,155217],{},[20,155216,40527],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[31,155219,155220],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[16,155222,30240],{},[49,155224,155226],{"className":51,"code":155225,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[20,155227,155228,155238,155252,155266],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155229,155230,155232,155234,155236],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155231,65],{"class":64},[58,155233,69],{"class":68},[58,155235,146181],{"class":239},[58,155237,243],{"class":68},[58,155239,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155241,65],{"class":64},[58,155243,69],{"class":68},[58,155245,1316],{"class":991},[58,155247,69],{"class":68},[58,155249,146181],{"class":239},[58,155251,85],{"class":68},[58,155253,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155255,65],{"class":64},[58,155257,69],{"class":68},[58,155259,9303],{"class":64},[58,155261,69],{"class":68},[58,155263,146181],{"class":239},[58,155265,85],{"class":68},[58,155267,155268,155270,155272,155274],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,155269,30310],{"class":64},[58,155271,69],{"class":68},[58,155273,9303],{"class":64},[58,155275,243],{"class":68},[16,155277,153390],{},[28,155279,155280,155283,155286,155290],{},[31,155281,155282],{},"what value you are using",[31,155284,155285],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[31,155287,24174,155288,9849],{},[20,155289,40527],{},[31,155291,121554,155292,155294],{},[20,155293,40527],{}," is documented in Python",[44,155296,1555],{"id":1554},[617,155298,155300],{"id":155299},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[16,155302,155,155303,155306],{},[20,155304,155305],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[617,155308,10849,155310,147340],{"id":155309},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[20,155311,40527],{},[16,155313,44533,155314,155316],{},[20,155315,40527],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[617,155318,155320],{"id":155319},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[16,155322,155323,155324,499],{},"The length is ",[20,155325,183],{},[617,155327,155329],{"id":155328},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[16,155331,149026,155332,155334],{},[20,155333,149029],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[617,155336,10849,155338,155340],{"id":155337},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[20,155339,40527],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[16,155342,155343],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[44,155345,1603],{"id":1602},[28,155347,155348,155354,155358,155362,155366],{},[31,155349,155350],{},[374,155351,1681,155352,1612],{"href":40524},[20,155353,40527],{},[31,155355,155356],{},[374,155357,154255],{"href":146166},[31,155359,155360],{},[374,155361,147836],{"href":147835},[31,155363,155364],{},[374,155365,149080],{"href":149079},[31,155367,155368],{},[374,155369,155370],{"href":147466},"What is a tuple in Python",[1635,155372,155373],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":155375},[155376,155377,155378,155385,155391,155400,155406,155407,155416],{"id":13310,"depth":88,"text":13311},{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":153743,"depth":88,"text":155379,"children":155380},"What len() returns for a tuple",[155381,155382,155383,155384],{"id":153755,"depth":104,"text":153756},{"id":153822,"depth":104,"text":153823},{"id":153867,"depth":104,"text":153868},{"id":153916,"depth":104,"text":153917},{"id":154005,"depth":88,"text":154006,"children":155386},[155387,155388,155389,155390],{"id":154009,"depth":104,"text":154010},{"id":154084,"depth":104,"text":153823},{"id":154126,"depth":104,"text":154127},{"id":154260,"depth":104,"text":154261},{"id":154344,"depth":88,"text":154345,"children":155392},[155393,155395,155397,155398],{"id":154348,"depth":104,"text":155394},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":154486,"depth":104,"text":155396},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":154562,"depth":104,"text":154563},{"id":154697,"depth":104,"text":155399},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":154825,"depth":88,"text":154826,"children":155401},[155402,155403,155404,155405],{"id":154834,"depth":104,"text":154835},{"id":154907,"depth":104,"text":154908},{"id":154988,"depth":104,"text":154989},{"id":155076,"depth":104,"text":155077},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":155408},[155409,155410,155412,155413,155414],{"id":155299,"depth":104,"text":155300},{"id":155309,"depth":104,"text":155411},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":155319,"depth":104,"text":155320},{"id":155328,"depth":104,"text":155329},{"id":155337,"depth":104,"text":155415},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":153527,"description":155417},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":155424,"title":155425,"body":155426,"description":157811,"extension":1667,"meta":157812,"navigation":318,"path":157813,"seo":157814,"stem":157815,"__hash__":157816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":9,"value":155427,"toc":157772},[155428,155431,155434,155437,155460,155466,155468,155579,155583,155586,155596,155598,155697,155699,155776,155782,155786,155789,155812,155815,155832,155835,155837,155900,155902,155919,155930,155935,155937,155940,155946,155997,155999,156019,156023,156074,156076,156097,156101,156156,156158,156179,156183,156238,156240,156261,156265,156318,156320,156349,156351,156353,156356,156360,156417,156419,156440,156444,156497,156499,156524,156529,156533,156538,156556,156559,156622,156624,156645,156648,156709,156711,156732,156735,156778,156781,156785,156790,156794,156873,156875,156906,156910,156985,156987,157014,157018,157065,157067,157075,157080,157084,157087,157102,157104,157192,157194,157219,157222,157265,157274,157276,157279,157294,157297,157301,157355,157357,157377,157382,157386,157388,157426,157429,157479,157483,157556,157558,157595,157598,157600,157603,157623,157626,157695,157697,157710,157712,157716,157719,157723,157726,157731,157734,157740,157745,157747,157769],[12,155429,155425],{"id":155430},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[16,155432,155433],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[16,155435,155436],{},"Use this format:",[49,155438,155440],{"className":51,"code":155439,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[20,155441,155442],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155443,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155445,47122],{"class":286},[58,155447,2016],{"class":68},[58,155449,34234],{"class":286},[58,155451,973],{"class":68},[58,155453,73600],{"class":286},[58,155455,973],{"class":68},[58,155457,73603],{"class":286},[58,155459,1743],{"class":68},[16,155461,18,155462,73636,155464,499],{},[20,155463,73600],{},[1855,155465,63243],{},[44,155467,47],{"id":46},[49,155469,155471],{"className":51,"code":155470,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[20,155472,155473,155501,155505,155526,155543,155560],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155476,1725],{"class":286},[58,155478,290],{"class":77},[58,155480,7374],{"class":68},[58,155482,408],{"class":81},[58,155484,1082],{"class":68},[58,155486,5922],{"class":81},[58,155488,1082],{"class":68},[58,155490,5927],{"class":81},[58,155492,1082],{"class":68},[58,155494,49013],{"class":81},[58,155496,1082],{"class":68},[58,155498,3203],{"class":81},[58,155500,243],{"class":68},[58,155502,155503],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155504,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,155506,155507,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155508,65],{"class":64},[58,155510,69],{"class":68},[58,155512,1757],{"class":239},[58,155514,2016],{"class":68},[58,155516,1079],{"class":81},[58,155518,973],{"class":68},[58,155520,586],{"class":81},[58,155522,18598],{"class":68},[58,155524,155525],{"class":1773},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[58,155527,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,155529,65],{"class":64},[58,155531,69],{"class":68},[58,155533,1757],{"class":239},[58,155535,73709],{"class":68},[58,155537,123],{"class":81},[58,155539,18598],{"class":68},[58,155541,155542],{"class":1773},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[58,155544,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,155546,65],{"class":64},[58,155548,69],{"class":68},[58,155550,1757],{"class":239},[58,155552,72296],{"class":68},[58,155554,117],{"class":81},[58,155556,18598],{"class":68},[58,155558,155559],{"class":1773},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[58,155561,155562,155564,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,155563,65],{"class":64},[58,155565,69],{"class":68},[58,155567,1757],{"class":239},[58,155569,72296],{"class":68},[58,155571,78],{"class":77},[58,155573,1079],{"class":81},[58,155575,18598],{"class":68},[58,155577,155578],{"class":1773},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[44,155580,155582],{"id":155581},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[16,155584,155585],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[28,155587,155588,155590,155593],{},[31,155589,73903],{},[31,155591,155592],{},"The result is a new tuple",[31,155594,155595],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[16,155597,276],{},[49,155599,155601],{"className":51,"code":155600,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[20,155602,155603,155651,155655,155673,155677,155687],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155604,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155606,34252],{"class":286},[58,155608,290],{"class":77},[58,155610,7374],{"class":68},[58,155612,940],{"class":939},[58,155614,374],{"class":943},[58,155616,940],{"class":939},[58,155618,1082],{"class":68},[58,155620,1450],{"class":939},[58,155622,2882],{"class":943},[58,155624,940],{"class":939},[58,155626,1082],{"class":68},[58,155628,1450],{"class":939},[58,155630,7878],{"class":943},[58,155632,940],{"class":939},[58,155634,1082],{"class":68},[58,155636,1450],{"class":939},[58,155638,16919],{"class":943},[58,155640,940],{"class":939},[58,155642,1082],{"class":68},[58,155644,1450],{"class":939},[58,155646,58620],{"class":943},[58,155648,940],{"class":939},[58,155650,243],{"class":68},[58,155652,155653],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155654,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,155656,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155658,73833],{"class":286},[58,155660,290],{"class":77},[58,155662,68270],{"class":286},[58,155664,2016],{"class":68},[58,155666,1079],{"class":81},[58,155668,973],{"class":68},[58,155670,586],{"class":81},[58,155672,1743],{"class":68},[58,155674,155675],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,155676,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,155678,155679,155681,155683,155685],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,155680,65],{"class":64},[58,155682,69],{"class":68},[58,155684,73856],{"class":239},[58,155686,243],{"class":68},[58,155688,155689,155691,155693,155695],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,155690,65],{"class":64},[58,155692,69],{"class":68},[58,155694,34305],{"class":239},[58,155696,243],{"class":68},[16,155698,132],{},[49,155700,155702],{"className":51,"code":155701,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[20,155703,155704,155732],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155705,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155707,69],{"class":68},[58,155709,1396],{"class":939},[58,155711,2882],{"class":943},[58,155713,1396],{"class":939},[58,155715,1082],{"class":68},[58,155717,1391],{"class":939},[58,155719,7878],{"class":943},[58,155721,1396],{"class":939},[58,155723,1082],{"class":68},[58,155725,1391],{"class":939},[58,155727,16919],{"class":943},[58,155729,1396],{"class":939},[58,155731,243],{"class":68},[58,155733,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155735,69],{"class":68},[58,155737,1396],{"class":939},[58,155739,374],{"class":943},[58,155741,1396],{"class":939},[58,155743,1082],{"class":68},[58,155745,1391],{"class":939},[58,155747,2882],{"class":943},[58,155749,1396],{"class":939},[58,155751,1082],{"class":68},[58,155753,1391],{"class":939},[58,155755,7878],{"class":943},[58,155757,1396],{"class":939},[58,155759,1082],{"class":68},[58,155761,1391],{"class":939},[58,155763,16919],{"class":943},[58,155765,1396],{"class":939},[58,155767,1082],{"class":68},[58,155769,1391],{"class":939},[58,155771,58620],{"class":943},[58,155773,1396],{"class":939},[58,155775,243],{"class":68},[16,155777,155778,155779,499],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[374,155780,146163],{"href":155781},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[44,155783,155785],{"id":155784},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[16,155787,155788],{},"The full syntax is:",[49,155790,155792],{"className":51,"code":155791,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[20,155793,155794],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155795,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155797,146181],{"class":286},[58,155799,2016],{"class":68},[58,155801,34234],{"class":286},[58,155803,973],{"class":68},[58,155805,73600],{"class":286},[58,155807,973],{"class":68},[58,155809,73603],{"class":286},[58,155811,1743],{"class":68},[16,155813,155814],{},"Each part has a job:",[28,155816,155817,155822,155827],{},[31,155818,155819,155821],{},[20,155820,34234],{},": where slicing begins",[31,155823,155824,155826],{},[20,155825,73600],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[31,155828,155829,155831],{},[20,155830,73603],{},": how many positions to move each time",[16,155833,155834],{},"All three parts are optional.",[16,155836,276],{},[49,155838,155840],{"className":51,"code":155839,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[20,155841,155842,155874,155878],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155843,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155845,1725],{"class":286},[58,155847,290],{"class":77},[58,155849,7374],{"class":68},[58,155851,408],{"class":81},[58,155853,1082],{"class":68},[58,155855,5922],{"class":81},[58,155857,1082],{"class":68},[58,155859,5927],{"class":81},[58,155861,1082],{"class":68},[58,155863,49013],{"class":81},[58,155865,1082],{"class":68},[58,155867,3203],{"class":81},[58,155869,1082],{"class":68},[58,155871,74274],{"class":81},[58,155873,243],{"class":68},[58,155875,155876],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155877,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,155879,155880,155882,155884,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155881,65],{"class":64},[58,155883,69],{"class":68},[58,155885,1757],{"class":239},[58,155887,2016],{"class":68},[58,155889,1079],{"class":81},[58,155891,973],{"class":68},[58,155893,200],{"class":81},[58,155895,973],{"class":68},[58,155897,117],{"class":81},[58,155899,2004],{"class":68},[16,155901,132],{},[49,155903,155905],{"className":51,"code":155904,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(20, 40)\n",[20,155906,155907],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155908,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155910,69],{"class":68},[58,155912,13903],{"class":81},[58,155914,1082],{"class":68},[58,155916,49013],{"class":81},[58,155918,243],{"class":68},[16,155920,155921,155922,155924,155925,155927,155928,499],{},"This starts at index ",[20,155923,1079],{},", stops before index ",[20,155926,200],{},", and moves by ",[20,155929,117],{},[16,155931,155932,155933,499],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[374,155934,147836],{"href":151262},[44,155936,74190],{"id":74189},[16,155938,155939],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[617,155941,155943,155944,4092],{"id":155942},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[20,155945,74204],{},[49,155947,155949],{"className":51,"code":155948,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[20,155950,155951,155979,155983],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,155952,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,155954,1725],{"class":286},[58,155956,290],{"class":77},[58,155958,7374],{"class":68},[58,155960,408],{"class":81},[58,155962,1082],{"class":68},[58,155964,5922],{"class":81},[58,155966,1082],{"class":68},[58,155968,5927],{"class":81},[58,155970,1082],{"class":68},[58,155972,49013],{"class":81},[58,155974,1082],{"class":68},[58,155976,3203],{"class":81},[58,155978,243],{"class":68},[58,155980,155981],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,155982,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,155984,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,155986,65],{"class":64},[58,155988,69],{"class":68},[58,155990,1757],{"class":239},[58,155992,73709],{"class":68},[58,155994,123],{"class":81},[58,155996,2004],{"class":68},[16,155998,132],{},[49,156000,156001],{"className":51,"code":149528,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,156002,156003],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156004,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156006,69],{"class":68},[58,156008,408],{"class":81},[58,156010,1082],{"class":68},[58,156012,5922],{"class":81},[58,156014,1082],{"class":68},[58,156016,5927],{"class":81},[58,156018,243],{"class":68},[617,156020,156022],{"id":156021},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[49,156024,156026],{"className":51,"code":156025,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[20,156027,156028,156056,156060],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156029,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156031,1725],{"class":286},[58,156033,290],{"class":77},[58,156035,7374],{"class":68},[58,156037,408],{"class":81},[58,156039,1082],{"class":68},[58,156041,5922],{"class":81},[58,156043,1082],{"class":68},[58,156045,5927],{"class":81},[58,156047,1082],{"class":68},[58,156049,49013],{"class":81},[58,156051,1082],{"class":68},[58,156053,3203],{"class":81},[58,156055,243],{"class":68},[58,156057,156058],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156059,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156061,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156063,65],{"class":64},[58,156065,69],{"class":68},[58,156067,1757],{"class":239},[58,156069,2016],{"class":68},[58,156071,117],{"class":81},[58,156073,75890],{"class":68},[16,156075,132],{},[49,156077,156079],{"className":51,"code":156078,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[20,156080,156081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156082,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156084,69],{"class":68},[58,156086,35004],{"class":81},[58,156088,1082],{"class":68},[58,156090,49013],{"class":81},[58,156092,1082],{"class":68},[58,156094,3203],{"class":81},[58,156096,243],{"class":68},[617,156098,156100],{"id":156099},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[49,156102,156104],{"className":51,"code":156103,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[20,156105,156106,156134,156138],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156107,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156109,1725],{"class":286},[58,156111,290],{"class":77},[58,156113,7374],{"class":68},[58,156115,408],{"class":81},[58,156117,1082],{"class":68},[58,156119,5922],{"class":81},[58,156121,1082],{"class":68},[58,156123,5927],{"class":81},[58,156125,1082],{"class":68},[58,156127,49013],{"class":81},[58,156129,1082],{"class":68},[58,156131,3203],{"class":81},[58,156133,243],{"class":68},[58,156135,156136],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156137,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156139,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156141,65],{"class":64},[58,156143,69],{"class":68},[58,156145,1757],{"class":239},[58,156147,2016],{"class":68},[58,156149,1079],{"class":81},[58,156151,973],{"class":68},[58,156153,586],{"class":81},[58,156155,2004],{"class":68},[16,156157,132],{},[49,156159,156161],{"className":51,"code":156160,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[20,156162,156163],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156164,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156166,69],{"class":68},[58,156168,13903],{"class":81},[58,156170,1082],{"class":68},[58,156172,5927],{"class":81},[58,156174,1082],{"class":68},[58,156176,49013],{"class":81},[58,156178,243],{"class":68},[617,156180,156182],{"id":156181},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[49,156184,156186],{"className":51,"code":156185,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[20,156187,156188,156220,156224],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156189,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156191,1725],{"class":286},[58,156193,290],{"class":77},[58,156195,7374],{"class":68},[58,156197,408],{"class":81},[58,156199,1082],{"class":68},[58,156201,5922],{"class":81},[58,156203,1082],{"class":68},[58,156205,5927],{"class":81},[58,156207,1082],{"class":68},[58,156209,49013],{"class":81},[58,156211,1082],{"class":68},[58,156213,3203],{"class":81},[58,156215,1082],{"class":68},[58,156217,74274],{"class":81},[58,156219,243],{"class":68},[58,156221,156222],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156223,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156225,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156227,65],{"class":64},[58,156229,69],{"class":68},[58,156231,1757],{"class":239},[58,156233,72296],{"class":68},[58,156235,117],{"class":81},[58,156237,2004],{"class":68},[16,156239,132],{},[49,156241,156243],{"className":51,"code":156242,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[20,156244,156245],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156246,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156248,69],{"class":68},[58,156250,408],{"class":81},[58,156252,1082],{"class":68},[58,156254,5927],{"class":81},[58,156256,1082],{"class":68},[58,156258,3203],{"class":81},[58,156260,243],{"class":68},[617,156262,156264],{"id":156263},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[49,156266,156268],{"className":51,"code":156267,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[20,156269,156270,156298,156302],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156271,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156273,1725],{"class":286},[58,156275,290],{"class":77},[58,156277,7374],{"class":68},[58,156279,408],{"class":81},[58,156281,1082],{"class":68},[58,156283,5922],{"class":81},[58,156285,1082],{"class":68},[58,156287,5927],{"class":81},[58,156289,1082],{"class":68},[58,156291,49013],{"class":81},[58,156293,1082],{"class":68},[58,156295,3203],{"class":81},[58,156297,243],{"class":68},[58,156299,156300],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156301,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156303,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156305,65],{"class":64},[58,156307,69],{"class":68},[58,156309,1757],{"class":239},[58,156311,72296],{"class":68},[58,156313,78],{"class":77},[58,156315,1079],{"class":81},[58,156317,2004],{"class":68},[16,156319,132],{},[49,156321,156323],{"className":51,"code":156322,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[20,156324,156325],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156326,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345,156347],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156328,69],{"class":68},[58,156330,74968],{"class":81},[58,156332,1082],{"class":68},[58,156334,49013],{"class":81},[58,156336,1082],{"class":68},[58,156338,5927],{"class":81},[58,156340,1082],{"class":68},[58,156342,5922],{"class":81},[58,156344,1082],{"class":68},[58,156346,4131],{"class":81},[58,156348,243],{"class":68},[44,156350,74484],{"id":74483},[16,156352,152535],{},[16,156354,156355],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[617,156357,156359],{"id":156358},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[49,156361,156363],{"className":51,"code":156362,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[20,156364,156365,156397,156401],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156366,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156368,1725],{"class":286},[58,156370,290],{"class":77},[58,156372,7374],{"class":68},[58,156374,408],{"class":81},[58,156376,1082],{"class":68},[58,156378,5922],{"class":81},[58,156380,1082],{"class":68},[58,156382,5927],{"class":81},[58,156384,1082],{"class":68},[58,156386,49013],{"class":81},[58,156388,1082],{"class":68},[58,156390,3203],{"class":81},[58,156392,1082],{"class":68},[58,156394,74274],{"class":81},[58,156396,243],{"class":68},[58,156398,156399],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156400,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156402,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156404,65],{"class":64},[58,156406,69],{"class":68},[58,156408,1757],{"class":239},[58,156410,2016],{"class":68},[58,156412,78],{"class":77},[58,156414,123],{"class":81},[58,156416,75890],{"class":68},[16,156418,132],{},[49,156420,156422],{"className":51,"code":156421,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[20,156423,156424],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156425,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156427,69],{"class":68},[58,156429,54864],{"class":81},[58,156431,1082],{"class":68},[58,156433,3203],{"class":81},[58,156435,1082],{"class":68},[58,156437,74274],{"class":81},[58,156439,243],{"class":68},[617,156441,156443],{"id":156442},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[49,156445,156447],{"className":51,"code":156446,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[20,156448,156449,156477,156481],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156450,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473,156475],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156452,1725],{"class":286},[58,156454,290],{"class":77},[58,156456,7374],{"class":68},[58,156458,408],{"class":81},[58,156460,1082],{"class":68},[58,156462,5922],{"class":81},[58,156464,1082],{"class":68},[58,156466,5927],{"class":81},[58,156468,1082],{"class":68},[58,156470,49013],{"class":81},[58,156472,1082],{"class":68},[58,156474,3203],{"class":81},[58,156476,243],{"class":68},[58,156478,156479],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156480,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156482,156483,156485,156487,156489,156491,156493,156495],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156484,65],{"class":64},[58,156486,69],{"class":68},[58,156488,1757],{"class":239},[58,156490,73709],{"class":68},[58,156492,78],{"class":77},[58,156494,1079],{"class":81},[58,156496,2004],{"class":68},[16,156498,132],{},[49,156500,156502],{"className":51,"code":156501,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[20,156503,156504],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156505,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156507,69],{"class":68},[58,156509,408],{"class":81},[58,156511,1082],{"class":68},[58,156513,5922],{"class":81},[58,156515,1082],{"class":68},[58,156517,5927],{"class":81},[58,156519,1082],{"class":68},[58,156521,49013],{"class":81},[58,156523,243],{"class":68},[16,156525,156526,156527,499],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[374,156528,149085],{"href":155419},[44,156530,156532],{"id":156531},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[16,156534,18,156535,156537],{},[20,156536,73603],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[28,156539,156540,156542,156544,156550],{},[31,156541,74740],{},[31,156543,74743],{},[31,156545,156546,156549],{},[20,156547,156548],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[31,156551,156552,156553,156555],{},"A step of ",[20,156554,183],{}," is not allowed",[16,156557,156558],{},"Example with a positive step:",[49,156560,156562],{"className":51,"code":156561,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[20,156563,156564,156596,156600],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156565,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592,156594],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156567,1725],{"class":286},[58,156569,290],{"class":77},[58,156571,7374],{"class":68},[58,156573,408],{"class":81},[58,156575,1082],{"class":68},[58,156577,5922],{"class":81},[58,156579,1082],{"class":68},[58,156581,5927],{"class":81},[58,156583,1082],{"class":68},[58,156585,49013],{"class":81},[58,156587,1082],{"class":68},[58,156589,3203],{"class":81},[58,156591,1082],{"class":68},[58,156593,74274],{"class":81},[58,156595,243],{"class":68},[58,156597,156598],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156599,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156601,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156603,65],{"class":64},[58,156605,69],{"class":68},[58,156607,1757],{"class":239},[58,156609,2016],{"class":68},[58,156611,1079],{"class":81},[58,156613,973],{"class":68},[58,156615,78768],{"class":81},[58,156617,973],{"class":68},[58,156619,117],{"class":81},[58,156621,2004],{"class":68},[16,156623,132],{},[49,156625,156627],{"className":51,"code":156626,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[20,156628,156629],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156630,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156632,69],{"class":68},[58,156634,13903],{"class":81},[58,156636,1082],{"class":68},[58,156638,49013],{"class":81},[58,156640,1082],{"class":68},[58,156642,74274],{"class":81},[58,156644,243],{"class":68},[16,156646,156647],{},"Example with a negative step:",[49,156649,156651],{"className":51,"code":156650,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[20,156652,156653,156681,156685],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156654,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156656,1725],{"class":286},[58,156658,290],{"class":77},[58,156660,7374],{"class":68},[58,156662,408],{"class":81},[58,156664,1082],{"class":68},[58,156666,5922],{"class":81},[58,156668,1082],{"class":68},[58,156670,5927],{"class":81},[58,156672,1082],{"class":68},[58,156674,49013],{"class":81},[58,156676,1082],{"class":68},[58,156678,3203],{"class":81},[58,156680,243],{"class":68},[58,156682,156683],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156684,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156686,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156688,65],{"class":64},[58,156690,69],{"class":68},[58,156692,1757],{"class":239},[58,156694,2016],{"class":68},[58,156696,586],{"class":81},[58,156698,973],{"class":68},[58,156700,1079],{"class":81},[58,156702,973],{"class":68},[58,156704,78],{"class":77},[58,156706,1079],{"class":81},[58,156708,2004],{"class":68},[16,156710,132],{},[49,156712,156714],{"className":51,"code":156713,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[20,156715,156716],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156717,156718,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156719,69],{"class":68},[58,156721,74968],{"class":81},[58,156723,1082],{"class":68},[58,156725,49013],{"class":81},[58,156727,1082],{"class":68},[58,156729,5927],{"class":81},[58,156731,243],{"class":68},[16,156733,156734],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[49,156736,156738],{"className":51,"code":156737,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[20,156739,156740,156760,156764],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156741,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156743,1725],{"class":286},[58,156745,290],{"class":77},[58,156747,7374],{"class":68},[58,156749,408],{"class":81},[58,156751,1082],{"class":68},[58,156753,5922],{"class":81},[58,156755,1082],{"class":68},[58,156757,5927],{"class":81},[58,156759,243],{"class":68},[58,156761,156762],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156763,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156765,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156767,65],{"class":64},[58,156769,69],{"class":68},[58,156771,1757],{"class":239},[58,156773,72296],{"class":68},[58,156775,183],{"class":81},[58,156777,2004],{"class":68},[16,156779,156780],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[44,156782,156784],{"id":156783},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[16,156786,156787,156788,31900],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[1855,156789,47122],{},[617,156791,156793],{"id":156792},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[49,156795,156797],{"className":51,"code":156796,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,156798,156799,156823,156827,156845,156849,156859],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156800,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156802,1725],{"class":286},[58,156804,290],{"class":77},[58,156806,7374],{"class":68},[58,156808,408],{"class":81},[58,156810,1082],{"class":68},[58,156812,5922],{"class":81},[58,156814,1082],{"class":68},[58,156816,5927],{"class":81},[58,156818,1082],{"class":68},[58,156820,49013],{"class":81},[58,156822,243],{"class":68},[58,156824,156825],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156826,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156828,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156830,301],{"class":286},[58,156832,290],{"class":77},[58,156834,2381],{"class":286},[58,156836,2016],{"class":68},[58,156838,1079],{"class":81},[58,156840,973],{"class":68},[58,156842,123],{"class":81},[58,156844,1743],{"class":68},[58,156846,156847],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,156848,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156850,156851,156853,156855,156857],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,156852,65],{"class":64},[58,156854,69],{"class":68},[58,156856,340],{"class":239},[58,156858,243],{"class":68},[58,156860,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,156862,65],{"class":64},[58,156864,69],{"class":68},[58,156866,1316],{"class":991},[58,156868,69],{"class":68},[58,156870,340],{"class":239},[58,156872,85],{"class":68},[16,156874,132],{},[49,156876,156878],{"className":51,"code":156877,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[20,156879,156880,156892],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156881,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156883,69],{"class":68},[58,156885,13903],{"class":81},[58,156887,1082],{"class":68},[58,156889,5927],{"class":81},[58,156891,243],{"class":68},[58,156893,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156895,1385],{"class":77},[58,156897,1388],{"class":126},[58,156899,1391],{"class":939},[58,156901,47122],{"class":943},[58,156903,1396],{"class":939},[58,156905,1399],{"class":77},[617,156907,156909],{"id":156908},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[49,156911,156913],{"className":51,"code":156912,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[20,156914,156915,156935,156939,156957,156961,156971],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156916,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156918,1725],{"class":286},[58,156920,290],{"class":77},[58,156922,7374],{"class":68},[58,156924,408],{"class":81},[58,156926,1082],{"class":68},[58,156928,5922],{"class":81},[58,156930,1082],{"class":68},[58,156932,5927],{"class":81},[58,156934,243],{"class":68},[58,156936,156937],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,156938,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156940,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,156942,301],{"class":286},[58,156944,290],{"class":77},[58,156946,2381],{"class":286},[58,156948,2016],{"class":68},[58,156950,1079],{"class":81},[58,156952,973],{"class":68},[58,156954,117],{"class":81},[58,156956,1743],{"class":68},[58,156958,156959],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,156960,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,156962,156963,156965,156967,156969],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,156964,65],{"class":64},[58,156966,69],{"class":68},[58,156968,340],{"class":239},[58,156970,243],{"class":68},[58,156972,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,156974,65],{"class":64},[58,156976,69],{"class":68},[58,156978,1316],{"class":991},[58,156980,69],{"class":68},[58,156982,340],{"class":239},[58,156984,85],{"class":68},[16,156986,132],{},[49,156988,156990],{"className":51,"code":156989,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[20,156991,156992,157000],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,156993,156994,156996,156998],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,156995,69],{"class":68},[58,156997,13903],{"class":81},[58,156999,147519],{"class":68},[58,157001,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157003,1385],{"class":77},[58,157005,1388],{"class":126},[58,157007,1391],{"class":939},[58,157009,47122],{"class":943},[58,157011,1396],{"class":939},[58,157013,1399],{"class":77},[617,157015,157017],{"id":157016},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[49,157019,157021],{"className":51,"code":157020,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[20,157022,157023,157043,157047],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157024,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157026,1725],{"class":286},[58,157028,290],{"class":77},[58,157030,7374],{"class":68},[58,157032,408],{"class":81},[58,157034,1082],{"class":68},[58,157036,5922],{"class":81},[58,157038,1082],{"class":68},[58,157040,5927],{"class":81},[58,157042,243],{"class":68},[58,157044,157045],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157046,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157048,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157050,65],{"class":64},[58,157052,69],{"class":68},[58,157054,1757],{"class":239},[58,157056,2016],{"class":68},[58,157058,200],{"class":81},[58,157060,973],{"class":68},[58,157062,423],{"class":81},[58,157064,2004],{"class":68},[16,157066,132],{},[49,157068,157069],{"className":51,"code":6779,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,157070,157071],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157072,157073],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157074,6779],{"class":68},[16,157076,157077,157078,499],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[374,157079,154255],{"href":149142},[44,157081,157083],{"id":157082},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[16,157085,157086],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[28,157088,157089,157091,157094,157099],{},[31,157090,75049],{},[31,157092,157093],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[31,157095,157096,157097],{},"Indexing can raise ",[20,157098,68905],{},[31,157100,157101],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[16,157103,276],{},[49,157105,157107],{"className":51,"code":157106,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[20,157108,157109,157129,157133,157150,157171],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157110,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157112,1725],{"class":286},[58,157114,290],{"class":77},[58,157116,7374],{"class":68},[58,157118,408],{"class":81},[58,157120,1082],{"class":68},[58,157122,5922],{"class":81},[58,157124,1082],{"class":68},[58,157126,5927],{"class":81},[58,157128,243],{"class":68},[58,157130,157131],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157132,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157134,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157136,65],{"class":64},[58,157138,69],{"class":68},[58,157140,1757],{"class":239},[58,157142,2016],{"class":68},[58,157144,1079],{"class":81},[58,157146,18598],{"class":68},[58,157148,157149],{"class":1773},"    # one item\n",[58,157151,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,157153,65],{"class":64},[58,157155,69],{"class":68},[58,157157,1757],{"class":239},[58,157159,2016],{"class":68},[58,157161,1079],{"class":81},[58,157163,973],{"class":68},[58,157165,200],{"class":81},[58,157167,18598],{"class":68},[58,157169,157170],{"class":1773},"  # slice\n",[58,157172,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,157174,65],{"class":64},[58,157176,69],{"class":68},[58,157178,1757],{"class":239},[58,157180,2016],{"class":68},[58,157182,200],{"class":81},[58,157184,973],{"class":68},[58,157186,423],{"class":81},[58,157188,18598],{"class":68},[58,157190,157191],{"class":1773},"  # empty slice\n",[16,157193,132],{},[49,157195,157197],{"className":51,"code":157196,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[20,157198,157199,157203,157215],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157200,157201],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157202,69398],{"class":81},[58,157204,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157206,69],{"class":68},[58,157208,13903],{"class":81},[58,157210,1082],{"class":68},[58,157212,5927],{"class":81},[58,157214,243],{"class":68},[58,157216,157217],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157218,6779],{"class":68},[16,157220,157221],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[49,157223,157225],{"className":51,"code":157224,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[20,157226,157227,157247,157251],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157228,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157230,1725],{"class":286},[58,157232,290],{"class":77},[58,157234,7374],{"class":68},[58,157236,408],{"class":81},[58,157238,1082],{"class":68},[58,157240,5922],{"class":81},[58,157242,1082],{"class":68},[58,157244,5927],{"class":81},[58,157246,243],{"class":68},[58,157248,157249],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157250,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157252,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157254,65],{"class":64},[58,157256,69],{"class":68},[58,157258,1757],{"class":239},[58,157260,2016],{"class":68},[58,157262,200],{"class":81},[58,157264,2004],{"class":68},[16,157266,157267,157268,157270,157271,499],{},"This raises an ",[20,157269,68905],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[374,157272,153008],{"href":157273},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[44,157275,13325],{"id":75316},[16,157277,157278],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[28,157280,157281,157284,157286,157289],{},[31,157282,157283],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[31,157285,58865],{},[31,157287,157288],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[31,157290,157291,157292],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[20,157293,183],{},[16,157295,157296],{},"Here are a few examples.",[617,157298,157300],{"id":157299},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[49,157302,157303],{"className":51,"code":156103,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,157304,157305,157333,157337],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157306,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157308,1725],{"class":286},[58,157310,290],{"class":77},[58,157312,7374],{"class":68},[58,157314,408],{"class":81},[58,157316,1082],{"class":68},[58,157318,5922],{"class":81},[58,157320,1082],{"class":68},[58,157322,5927],{"class":81},[58,157324,1082],{"class":68},[58,157326,49013],{"class":81},[58,157328,1082],{"class":68},[58,157330,3203],{"class":81},[58,157332,243],{"class":68},[58,157334,157335],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157336,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157338,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347,157349,157351,157353],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157340,65],{"class":64},[58,157342,69],{"class":68},[58,157344,1757],{"class":239},[58,157346,2016],{"class":68},[58,157348,1079],{"class":81},[58,157350,973],{"class":68},[58,157352,586],{"class":81},[58,157354,2004],{"class":68},[16,157356,132],{},[49,157358,157359],{"className":51,"code":156160,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,157360,157361],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157362,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157364,69],{"class":68},[58,157366,13903],{"class":81},[58,157368,1082],{"class":68},[58,157370,5927],{"class":81},[58,157372,1082],{"class":68},[58,157374,49013],{"class":81},[58,157376,243],{"class":68},[16,157378,130587,157379,157381],{},[20,157380,586],{}," is not included.",[617,157383,157385],{"id":157384},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[16,157387,2645],{},[49,157389,157391],{"className":51,"code":157390,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,157392,157393,157417,157421],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157394,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157396,1725],{"class":286},[58,157398,290],{"class":77},[58,157400,7374],{"class":68},[58,157402,408],{"class":81},[58,157404,1082],{"class":68},[58,157406,5922],{"class":81},[58,157408,1082],{"class":68},[58,157410,5927],{"class":81},[58,157412,1082],{"class":68},[58,157414,49013],{"class":81},[58,157416,243],{"class":68},[58,157418,157419],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157420,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157422,157423],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157424,157425],{"class":1773},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[16,157427,157428],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[49,157430,157431],{"className":51,"code":153088,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,157432,157433,157457,157461],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157434,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157436,1725],{"class":286},[58,157438,290],{"class":77},[58,157440,7374],{"class":68},[58,157442,408],{"class":81},[58,157444,1082],{"class":68},[58,157446,5922],{"class":81},[58,157448,1082],{"class":68},[58,157450,5927],{"class":81},[58,157452,1082],{"class":68},[58,157454,49013],{"class":81},[58,157456,243],{"class":68},[58,157458,157459],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157460,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157462,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157464,65],{"class":64},[58,157466,69],{"class":68},[58,157468,1757],{"class":239},[58,157470,2016],{"class":68},[58,157472,1079],{"class":81},[58,157474,973],{"class":68},[58,157476,123],{"class":81},[58,157478,2004],{"class":68},[617,157480,157482],{"id":157481},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[49,157484,157486],{"className":51,"code":157485,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[20,157487,157488,157512,157516,157531,157535,157546],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157489,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157491,1725],{"class":286},[58,157493,290],{"class":77},[58,157495,7374],{"class":68},[58,157497,408],{"class":81},[58,157499,1082],{"class":68},[58,157501,5922],{"class":81},[58,157503,1082],{"class":68},[58,157505,5927],{"class":81},[58,157507,1082],{"class":68},[58,157509,49013],{"class":81},[58,157511,243],{"class":68},[58,157513,157514],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157515,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157517,157518,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157519,157520],{"class":286},"slice_result ",[58,157522,290],{"class":77},[58,157524,2381],{"class":286},[58,157526,73709],{"class":68},[58,157528,117],{"class":81},[58,157530,1743],{"class":68},[58,157532,157533],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,157534,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157536,157537,157539,157541,157544],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,157538,65],{"class":64},[58,157540,69],{"class":68},[58,157542,157543],{"class":239},"slice_result",[58,157545,243],{"class":68},[58,157547,157548,157550,157552,157554],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,157549,65],{"class":64},[58,157551,69],{"class":68},[58,157553,1757],{"class":239},[58,157555,243],{"class":68},[16,157557,132],{},[49,157559,157561],{"className":51,"code":157560,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[20,157562,157563,157575],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157564,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157566,69],{"class":68},[58,157568,408],{"class":81},[58,157570,1082],{"class":68},[58,157572,5922],{"class":81},[58,157574,243],{"class":68},[58,157576,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157578,69],{"class":68},[58,157580,408],{"class":81},[58,157582,1082],{"class":68},[58,157584,5922],{"class":81},[58,157586,1082],{"class":68},[58,157588,5927],{"class":81},[58,157590,1082],{"class":68},[58,157592,49013],{"class":81},[58,157594,243],{"class":68},[16,157596,157597],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[44,157599,111901],{"id":111900},[16,157601,157602],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[28,157604,157605,157608,157611,157617,157620],{},[31,157606,157607],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[31,157609,157610],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[31,157612,157613,157614],{},"Using a zero step like ",[20,157615,157616],{},"tuple[::0]",[31,157618,157619],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[31,157621,157622],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[16,157624,157625],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[49,157627,157629],{"className":51,"code":157628,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[20,157630,157631,157641,157659,157681],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157632,157633,157635,157637,157639],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157634,65],{"class":64},[58,157636,69],{"class":68},[58,157638,146181],{"class":239},[58,157640,243],{"class":68},[58,157642,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157644,65],{"class":64},[58,157646,69],{"class":68},[58,157648,146181],{"class":239},[58,157650,2016],{"class":68},[58,157652,1079],{"class":81},[58,157654,973],{"class":68},[58,157656,586],{"class":81},[58,157658,2004],{"class":68},[58,157660,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157662,65],{"class":64},[58,157664,69],{"class":68},[58,157666,1316],{"class":991},[58,157668,69],{"class":68},[58,157670,146181],{"class":239},[58,157672,2016],{"class":68},[58,157674,1079],{"class":81},[58,157676,973],{"class":68},[58,157678,586],{"class":81},[58,157680,1092],{"class":68},[58,157682,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,157684,65],{"class":64},[58,157686,69],{"class":68},[58,157688,9303],{"class":64},[58,157690,69],{"class":68},[58,157692,146181],{"class":239},[58,157694,85],{"class":68},[16,157696,9312],{},[28,157698,157699,157701,157704,157707],{},[31,157700,153395],{},[31,157702,157703],{},"what the slice actually returns",[31,157705,157706],{},"that the result is a tuple",[31,157708,157709],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[44,157711,1555],{"id":1554},[617,157713,157715],{"id":157714},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[16,157717,157718],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[617,157720,157722],{"id":157721},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[16,157724,157725],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[617,157727,3265,157729,38125],{"id":157728},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[20,157730,156548],{},[16,157732,157733],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[617,157735,157737,157738,573],{"id":157736},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[20,157739,68905],{},[16,157741,157742,157743,499],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[20,157744,68905],{},[44,157746,1603],{"id":1602},[28,157748,157749,157753,157757,157761,157765],{},[31,157750,157751],{},[374,157752,154255],{"href":149142},[31,157754,157755],{},[374,157756,147836],{"href":151262},[31,157758,157759],{},[374,157760,149085],{"href":155419},[31,157762,157763],{},[374,157764,146163],{"href":155781},[31,157766,157767],{},[374,157768,153008],{"href":157273},[1635,157770,157771],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":157773},[157774,157775,157776,157777,157785,157789,157790,157795,157796,157801,157802,157810],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":155581,"depth":88,"text":155582},{"id":155784,"depth":88,"text":155785},{"id":74189,"depth":88,"text":74190,"children":157778},[157779,157781,157782,157783,157784],{"id":155942,"depth":104,"text":157780},"Get the first n items",{"id":156021,"depth":104,"text":156022},{"id":156099,"depth":104,"text":156100},{"id":156181,"depth":104,"text":156182},{"id":156263,"depth":104,"text":156264},{"id":74483,"depth":88,"text":74484,"children":157786},[157787,157788],{"id":156358,"depth":104,"text":156359},{"id":156442,"depth":104,"text":156443},{"id":156531,"depth":88,"text":156532},{"id":156783,"depth":88,"text":156784,"children":157791},[157792,157793,157794],{"id":156792,"depth":104,"text":156793},{"id":156908,"depth":104,"text":156909},{"id":157016,"depth":104,"text":157017},{"id":157082,"depth":88,"text":157083},{"id":75316,"depth":88,"text":13325,"children":157797},[157798,157799,157800],{"id":157299,"depth":104,"text":157300},{"id":157384,"depth":104,"text":157385},{"id":157481,"depth":104,"text":157482},{"id":111900,"depth":88,"text":111901},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":157803},[157804,157805,157806,157808],{"id":157714,"depth":104,"text":157715},{"id":157721,"depth":104,"text":157722},{"id":157728,"depth":104,"text":157807},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":157736,"depth":104,"text":157809},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":155425,"description":157811},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":157818,"title":157819,"body":157820,"description":159643,"extension":1667,"meta":159644,"navigation":318,"path":32968,"seo":159645,"stem":159646,"__hash__":159647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":157821,"toc":159609},[157822,157827,157832,157836,157854,157857,157872,157878,157880,157937,157939,157971,157983,157989,157994,157997,158032,158038,158040,158043,158057,158060,158062,158085,158087,158105,158108,158124,158126,158129,158242,158244,158333,158336,158341,158347,158350,158353,158452,158454,158513,158518,158521,158590,158594,158626,158642,158647,158654,158661,158673,158675,158724,158726,158749,158755,158803,158808,158815,158823,158829,158832,158856,158859,158861,158937,158939,158964,158970,158973,158978,158982,158996,158998,159061,159063,159095,159098,159114,159116,159122,159129,159131,159150,159152,159170,159177,159182,159189,159191,159228,159231,159238,159242,159245,159303,159306,159309,159364,159366,159378,159384,159386,159390,159423,159430,159432,159495,159498,159500,159505,159519,159526,159534,159543,159552,159558,159564,159566,159606],[12,157823,1681,157825,1685],{"id":157824},"python-type-function-explained",[20,157826,379],{},[16,157828,30475,157829,157831],{},[20,157830,379],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[16,157833,60940,157834,102745],{},[20,157835,379],{},[28,157837,157838,157841,157844,157847],{},[31,157839,157840],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[31,157842,157843],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[31,157845,157846],{},"debug confusing code",[31,157848,157849,157850],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[374,157851,157852],{"href":6353},[20,157853,1048],{},[16,157855,157856],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[49,157858,157860],{"className":51,"code":157859,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"type(object)\n",[20,157861,157862],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157863,157864,157866,157868,157870],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157865,1316],{"class":991},[58,157867,69],{"class":68},[58,157869,40565],{"class":991},[58,157871,243],{"class":68},[16,157873,157874,157875,157877],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[20,157876,379],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[44,157879,1715],{"id":1714},[49,157881,157883],{"className":51,"code":157882,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[20,157884,157885,157897,157911,157915,157923],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157886,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157888,6009],{"class":286},[58,157890,290],{"class":77},[58,157892,1450],{"class":939},[58,157894,3126],{"class":943},[58,157896,1456],{"class":939},[58,157898,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157900,65],{"class":64},[58,157902,69],{"class":68},[58,157904,1316],{"class":991},[58,157906,69],{"class":68},[58,157908,5799],{"class":239},[58,157910,85],{"class":68},[58,157912,157913],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,157914,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,157916,157917,157919,157921],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,157918,287],{"class":286},[58,157920,290],{"class":77},[58,157922,670],{"class":81},[58,157924,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,157926,65],{"class":64},[58,157928,69],{"class":68},[58,157930,1316],{"class":991},[58,157932,69],{"class":68},[58,157934,311],{"class":239},[58,157936,85],{"class":68},[16,157938,132],{},[49,157940,157941],{"className":51,"code":123248,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,157942,157943,157957],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,157944,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,157946,1385],{"class":77},[58,157948,1388],{"class":126},[58,157950,1391],{"class":939},[58,157952,1542],{"class":943},[58,157954,1396],{"class":939},[58,157956,1399],{"class":77},[58,157958,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,157960,1385],{"class":77},[58,157962,1388],{"class":126},[58,157964,1391],{"class":939},[58,157966,256],{"class":943},[58,157968,1396],{"class":939},[58,157970,1399],{"class":77},[16,157972,155,157973,157976,157977,2512,157980,499],{},[20,157974,157975],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[20,157978,157979],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[20,157981,157982],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[44,157984,11142,157986,157988],{"id":157985},"what-the-type-function-does",[20,157987,379],{}," function does",[16,157990,157991,157993],{},[20,157992,379],{}," returns the type of an object.",[16,157995,157996],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[28,157998,157999,158004,158009,158014,158019,158024],{},[31,158000,158001,158003],{},[20,158002,1542],{}," for text",[31,158005,158006,158008],{},[20,158007,256],{}," for whole numbers",[31,158010,158011,158013],{},[20,158012,260],{}," for decimal numbers",[31,158015,158016,158018],{},[20,158017,6227],{}," for lists",[31,158020,158021,158023],{},[20,158022,6958],{}," for dictionaries",[31,158025,158026,67269,158028,2512,158030],{},[20,158027,1982],{},[20,158029,1710],{},[20,158031,1784],{},[16,158033,158034,158035,158037],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[20,158036,379],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[44,158039,222],{"id":221},[16,158041,158042],{},"The main beginner form is:",[49,158044,158045],{"className":51,"code":157859,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,158046,158047],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158048,158049,158051,158053,158055],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158050,1316],{"class":991},[58,158052,69],{"class":68},[58,158054,40565],{"class":991},[58,158056,243],{"class":68},[16,158058,158059],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[16,158061,276],{},[49,158063,158065],{"className":51,"code":158064,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[20,158066,158067],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158068,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158070,65],{"class":64},[58,158072,69],{"class":68},[58,158074,1316],{"class":991},[58,158076,69],{"class":68},[58,158078,940],{"class":939},[58,158080,1959],{"class":943},[58,158082,940],{"class":939},[58,158084,85],{"class":68},[16,158086,132],{},[49,158088,158089],{"className":51,"code":43938,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,158090,158091],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158092,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158094,1385],{"class":77},[58,158096,1388],{"class":126},[58,158098,1391],{"class":939},[58,158100,1542],{"class":943},[58,158102,1396],{"class":939},[58,158104,1399],{"class":77},[16,158106,158107],{},"You can pass either:",[28,158109,158110,158117],{},[31,158111,158112,158113,966,158115],{},"a literal value such as ",[20,158114,62708],{},[20,158116,44694],{},[31,158118,158119,158120,966,158122],{},"a variable such as ",[20,158121,5799],{},[20,158123,7437],{},[44,158125,120060],{"id":120059},[16,158127,158128],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[49,158130,158132],{"className":51,"code":158131,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[20,158133,158134,158152,158166,158180,158202,158228],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158135,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158137,65],{"class":64},[58,158139,69],{"class":68},[58,158141,1316],{"class":991},[58,158143,69],{"class":68},[58,158145,940],{"class":939},[58,158147,1959],{"class":943},[58,158149,940],{"class":939},[58,158151,85],{"class":68},[58,158153,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158155,65],{"class":64},[58,158157,69],{"class":68},[58,158159,1316],{"class":991},[58,158161,69],{"class":68},[58,158163,408],{"class":81},[58,158165,85],{"class":68},[58,158167,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158169,65],{"class":64},[58,158171,69],{"class":68},[58,158173,1316],{"class":991},[58,158175,69],{"class":68},[58,158177,38308],{"class":81},[58,158179,85],{"class":68},[58,158181,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,158183,65],{"class":64},[58,158185,69],{"class":68},[58,158187,1316],{"class":991},[58,158189,1076],{"class":68},[58,158191,1079],{"class":81},[58,158193,1082],{"class":68},[58,158195,1085],{"class":81},[58,158197,1082],{"class":68},[58,158199,531],{"class":81},[58,158201,1092],{"class":68},[58,158203,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,158205,65],{"class":64},[58,158207,69],{"class":68},[58,158209,1316],{"class":991},[58,158211,3655],{"class":68},[58,158213,940],{"class":939},[58,158215,5799],{"class":943},[58,158217,940],{"class":939},[58,158219,973],{"class":68},[58,158221,1450],{"class":939},[58,158223,3126],{"class":943},[58,158225,940],{"class":939},[58,158227,3664],{"class":68},[58,158229,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,158231,65],{"class":64},[58,158233,69],{"class":68},[58,158235,1316],{"class":991},[58,158237,69],{"class":68},[58,158239,1710],{"class":1966},[58,158241,85],{"class":68},[16,158243,132],{},[49,158245,158247],{"className":51,"code":158246,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[20,158248,158249,158263,158277,158291,158305,158319],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158250,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158252,1385],{"class":77},[58,158254,1388],{"class":126},[58,158256,1391],{"class":939},[58,158258,1542],{"class":943},[58,158260,1396],{"class":939},[58,158262,1399],{"class":77},[58,158264,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158266,1385],{"class":77},[58,158268,1388],{"class":126},[58,158270,1391],{"class":939},[58,158272,256],{"class":943},[58,158274,1396],{"class":939},[58,158276,1399],{"class":77},[58,158278,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158280,1385],{"class":77},[58,158282,1388],{"class":126},[58,158284,1391],{"class":939},[58,158286,260],{"class":943},[58,158288,1396],{"class":939},[58,158290,1399],{"class":77},[58,158292,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,158294,1385],{"class":77},[58,158296,1388],{"class":126},[58,158298,1391],{"class":939},[58,158300,6227],{"class":943},[58,158302,1396],{"class":939},[58,158304,1399],{"class":77},[58,158306,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,158308,1385],{"class":77},[58,158310,1388],{"class":126},[58,158312,1391],{"class":939},[58,158314,6958],{"class":943},[58,158316,1396],{"class":939},[58,158318,1399],{"class":77},[58,158320,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,158322,1385],{"class":77},[58,158324,1388],{"class":126},[58,158326,1391],{"class":939},[58,158328,1982],{"class":943},[58,158330,1396],{"class":939},[58,158332,1399],{"class":77},[16,158334,158335],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[16,158337,158338,158339,499],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[374,158340,42965],{"href":47147},[44,158342,6552,158344,158346],{"id":158343},"using-type-with-variables",[20,158345,379],{}," with variables",[16,158348,158349],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[16,158351,158352],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[49,158354,158356],{"className":51,"code":158355,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[20,158357,158358,158366,158384,158388,158400,158418,158422,158434],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158359,158360,158362,158364],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158361,526],{"class":286},[58,158363,290],{"class":77},[58,158365,670],{"class":81},[58,158367,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158369,65],{"class":64},[58,158371,69],{"class":68},[58,158373,553],{"class":239},[58,158375,1082],{"class":68},[58,158377,47559],{"class":991},[58,158379,69],{"class":68},[58,158381,553],{"class":239},[58,158383,85],{"class":68},[58,158385,158386],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158387,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,158389,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,158391,526],{"class":286},[58,158393,290],{"class":77},[58,158395,1450],{"class":939},[58,158397,44075],{"class":943},[58,158399,1456],{"class":939},[58,158401,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,158403,65],{"class":64},[58,158405,69],{"class":68},[58,158407,553],{"class":239},[58,158409,1082],{"class":68},[58,158411,47559],{"class":991},[58,158413,69],{"class":68},[58,158415,553],{"class":239},[58,158417,85],{"class":68},[58,158419,158420],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,158421,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,158423,158424,158426,158428,158430,158432],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,158425,526],{"class":286},[58,158427,290],{"class":77},[58,158429,1730],{"class":68},[58,158431,408],{"class":81},[58,158433,1743],{"class":68},[58,158435,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450],{"class":60,"line":4554},[58,158437,65],{"class":64},[58,158439,69],{"class":68},[58,158441,553],{"class":239},[58,158443,1082],{"class":68},[58,158445,47559],{"class":991},[58,158447,69],{"class":68},[58,158449,553],{"class":239},[58,158451,85],{"class":68},[16,158453,132],{},[49,158455,158457],{"className":51,"code":158456,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[20,158458,158459,158476,158493],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158460,158461,158463,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158462,408],{"class":81},[58,158464,158465],{"class":77}," \u003C",[58,158467,1388],{"class":126},[58,158469,1391],{"class":939},[58,158471,256],{"class":943},[58,158473,1396],{"class":939},[58,158475,1399],{"class":77},[58,158477,158478,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158479,158480],{"class":286},"ten ",[58,158482,1385],{"class":77},[58,158484,1388],{"class":126},[58,158486,1391],{"class":939},[58,158488,1542],{"class":943},[58,158490,1396],{"class":939},[58,158492,1399],{"class":77},[58,158494,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158496,2016],{"class":68},[58,158498,408],{"class":81},[58,158500,11420],{"class":68},[58,158502,158465],{"class":77},[58,158504,1388],{"class":126},[58,158506,1391],{"class":939},[58,158508,6227],{"class":943},[58,158510,1396],{"class":939},[58,158512,1399],{"class":77},[16,158514,158515,158517],{},[20,158516,379],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[16,158519,158520],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[49,158522,158524],{"className":51,"code":158523,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[20,158525,158526,158544,158558,158562,158576],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158527,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158529,1489],{"class":286},[58,158531,290],{"class":77},[58,158533,6376],{"class":64},[58,158535,69],{"class":68},[58,158537,940],{"class":939},[58,158539,40037],{"class":943},[58,158541,940],{"class":939},[58,158543,243],{"class":68},[58,158545,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158547,65],{"class":64},[58,158549,69],{"class":68},[58,158551,1316],{"class":991},[58,158553,69],{"class":68},[58,158555,1516],{"class":239},[58,158557,85],{"class":68},[58,158559,158560],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158561,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,158563,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,158565,121172],{"class":286},[58,158567,290],{"class":77},[58,158569,43444],{"class":991},[58,158571,69],{"class":68},[58,158573,1516],{"class":239},[58,158575,243],{"class":68},[58,158577,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,158579,65],{"class":64},[58,158581,69],{"class":68},[58,158583,1316],{"class":991},[58,158585,69],{"class":68},[58,158587,121195],{"class":239},[58,158589,85],{"class":68},[16,158591,39286,158592,39290],{},[20,158593,7331],{},[49,158595,158596],{"className":51,"code":123248,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,158597,158598,158612],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158599,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158601,1385],{"class":77},[58,158603,1388],{"class":126},[58,158605,1391],{"class":939},[58,158607,1542],{"class":943},[58,158609,1396],{"class":939},[58,158611,1399],{"class":77},[58,158613,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158615,1385],{"class":77},[58,158617,1388],{"class":126},[58,158619,1391],{"class":939},[58,158621,256],{"class":943},[58,158623,1396],{"class":939},[58,158625,1399],{"class":77},[16,158627,43871,158628,158632,158633,966,158637,158641],{},[374,158629,158630],{"href":6353},[20,158631,1048],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[374,158634,158635],{"href":962},[20,158636,965],{},[374,158638,158639],{"href":969},[20,158640,972],{}," if you need a number.",[16,158643,158644,158645,499],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[374,158646,7118],{"href":7117},[44,158648,158650,8725,158652],{"id":158649},"type-vs-isinstance",[20,158651,379],{},[20,158653,42973],{},[16,158655,158656,2512,158658,158660],{},[20,158657,379],{},[20,158659,42973],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[28,158662,158663,158668],{},[31,158664,158665,158667],{},[20,158666,379],{}," tells you the exact type",[31,158669,158670,158672],{},[20,158671,42973],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[16,158674,276],{},[49,158676,158678],{"className":51,"code":158677,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[20,158679,158680,158688,158692,158706],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158681,158682,158684,158686],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158683,526],{"class":286},[58,158685,290],{"class":77},[58,158687,33002],{"class":81},[58,158689,158690],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158691,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,158693,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158695,65],{"class":64},[58,158697,69],{"class":68},[58,158699,1316],{"class":991},[58,158701,69],{"class":68},[58,158703,553],{"class":239},[58,158705,85],{"class":68},[58,158707,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,158709,65],{"class":64},[58,158711,69],{"class":68},[58,158713,47044],{"class":64},[58,158715,69],{"class":68},[58,158717,553],{"class":239},[58,158719,1082],{"class":68},[58,158721,43444],{"class":991},[58,158723,85],{"class":68},[16,158725,132],{},[49,158727,158729],{"className":51,"code":158728,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[20,158730,158731,158745],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158732,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158734,1385],{"class":77},[58,158736,1388],{"class":126},[58,158738,1391],{"class":939},[58,158740,256],{"class":943},[58,158742,1396],{"class":939},[58,158744,1399],{"class":77},[58,158746,158747],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158748,2096],{"class":1966},[16,158750,158751,158752,158754],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[20,158753,42973],{}," is more practical.",[49,158756,158758],{"className":51,"code":158757,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[20,158759,158760,158768,158772,158788],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158761,158762,158764,158766],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158763,526],{"class":286},[58,158765,290],{"class":77},[58,158767,33002],{"class":81},[58,158769,158770],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158771,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,158773,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158775,5127],{"class":1991},[58,158777,47782],{"class":64},[58,158779,69],{"class":68},[58,158781,553],{"class":239},[58,158783,1082],{"class":68},[58,158785,43444],{"class":991},[58,158787,6476],{"class":68},[58,158789,158790,158792,158794,158796,158799,158801],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,158791,6202],{"class":64},[58,158793,69],{"class":68},[58,158795,940],{"class":939},[58,158797,158798],{"class":943},"This is an integer",[58,158800,940],{"class":939},[58,158802,243],{"class":68},[16,158804,155,158805,158807],{},[20,158806,379],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[16,158809,155,158810,158812,158813,5302],{},[20,158811,42973],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[20,158814,5127],{},[16,158816,158817,158818,499],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[374,158819,1681,158821,1612],{"href":158820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[20,158822,42973],{},[44,158824,158826,158827],{"id":158825},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[20,158828,379],{},[16,158830,158831],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[49,158833,158835],{"className":51,"code":158834,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[20,158836,158837],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158838,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847,158850,158852,158854],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158840,1316],{"class":991},[58,158842,69],{"class":68},[58,158844,5799],{"class":239},[58,158846,1082],{"class":68},[58,158848,158849],{"class":239}," bases",[58,158851,1082],{"class":68},[58,158853,7308],{"class":991},[58,158855,243],{"class":68},[16,158857,158858],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[16,158860,276],{},[49,158862,158864],{"className":51,"code":158863,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[20,158865,158866,158909,158913,158923],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158867,158868,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158882,158884,158886,158889,158891,158893,158896,158898,158900,158902,158905,158907],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158869,158870],{"class":286},"Person ",[58,158872,290],{"class":77},[58,158874,47559],{"class":991},[58,158876,69],{"class":68},[58,158878,940],{"class":939},[58,158880,158881],{"class":943},"Person",[58,158883,940],{"class":939},[58,158885,1082],{"class":68},[58,158887,158888],{"class":68}," (),",[58,158890,8630],{"class":68},[58,158892,940],{"class":939},[58,158894,158895],{"class":943},"species",[58,158897,940],{"class":939},[58,158899,973],{"class":68},[58,158901,1450],{"class":939},[58,158903,158904],{"class":943},"human",[58,158906,940],{"class":939},[58,158908,28653],{"class":68},[58,158910,158911],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158912,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,158914,158915,158917,158919,158921],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,158916,65],{"class":64},[58,158918,69],{"class":68},[58,158920,158881],{"class":239},[58,158922,243],{"class":68},[58,158924,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,158926,65],{"class":64},[58,158928,69],{"class":68},[58,158930,158881],{"class":239},[58,158932,499],{"class":68},[58,158934,158895],{"class":22904},[58,158936,243],{"class":68},[16,158938,132],{},[49,158940,158942],{"className":51,"code":158941,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[20,158943,158944,158959],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,158945,158946,158948,158950,158952,158955,158957],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,158947,1385],{"class":77},[58,158949,1388],{"class":126},[58,158951,1391],{"class":939},[58,158953,158954],{"class":943},"__main__.Person",[58,158956,1396],{"class":939},[58,158958,1399],{"class":77},[58,158960,158961],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,158962,158963],{"class":286},"human\n",[16,158965,158966,158967,158969],{},"Most beginners do ",[1855,158968,2751],{}," need this form.",[16,158971,158972],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[44,158974,3083,158976],{"id":158975},"when-to-use-type",[20,158977,379],{},[16,158979,158980,10589],{},[20,158981,379],{},[28,158983,158984,158987,158990,158993],{},[31,158985,158986],{},"debug unexpected values",[31,158988,158989],{},"check what a conversion produced",[31,158991,158992],{},"learn Python data types",[31,158994,158995],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[16,158997,3597],{},[49,158999,159001],{"className":51,"code":159000,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[20,159002,159003,159015,159029,159033,159047],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159004,159005,159007,159009,159011,159013],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159006,32847],{"class":286},[58,159008,290],{"class":77},[58,159010,1450],{"class":939},[58,159012,48415],{"class":943},[58,159014,1456],{"class":939},[58,159016,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159018,287],{"class":286},[58,159020,290],{"class":77},[58,159022,43444],{"class":991},[58,159024,69],{"class":68},[58,159026,32868],{"class":239},[58,159028,243],{"class":68},[58,159030,159031],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,159032,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,159034,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,159036,65],{"class":64},[58,159038,69],{"class":68},[58,159040,1316],{"class":991},[58,159042,69],{"class":68},[58,159044,32868],{"class":239},[58,159046,85],{"class":68},[58,159048,159049,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,159050,65],{"class":64},[58,159052,69],{"class":68},[58,159054,1316],{"class":991},[58,159056,69],{"class":68},[58,159058,311],{"class":239},[58,159060,85],{"class":68},[16,159062,132],{},[49,159064,159065],{"className":51,"code":123248,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,159066,159067,159081],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159068,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159070,1385],{"class":77},[58,159072,1388],{"class":126},[58,159074,1391],{"class":939},[58,159076,1542],{"class":943},[58,159078,1396],{"class":939},[58,159080,1399],{"class":77},[58,159082,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159084,1385],{"class":77},[58,159086,1388],{"class":126},[58,159088,1391],{"class":939},[58,159090,256],{"class":943},[58,159092,1396],{"class":939},[58,159094,1399],{"class":77},[16,159096,159097],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[16,159099,159100,159101,257,159105,15222,159109,159113],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[374,159102,159103],{"href":40341},[20,159104,45852],{},[374,159106,159107],{"href":962},[20,159108,965],{},[374,159110,159111],{"href":969},[20,159112,972],{}," are often the next step.",[44,159115,23512],{"id":23511},[16,159117,159118,159119,159121],{},"A few things about ",[20,159120,379],{}," often confuse beginners.",[617,159123,159125,159128],{"id":159124},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[20,159126,159127],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[16,159130,62817],{},[49,159132,159134],{"className":51,"code":159133,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(5))\n",[20,159135,159136],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159137,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159139,65],{"class":64},[58,159141,69],{"class":68},[58,159143,1316],{"class":991},[58,159145,69],{"class":68},[58,159147,200],{"class":81},[58,159149,85],{"class":68},[16,159151,121091],{},[49,159153,159154],{"className":51,"code":154603,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,159155,159156],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159157,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159159,1385],{"class":77},[58,159161,1388],{"class":126},[58,159163,1391],{"class":939},[58,159165,256],{"class":943},[58,159167,1396],{"class":939},[58,159169,1399],{"class":77},[16,159171,39071,159172,159174,159175,499],{},[1855,159173,2751],{}," print just ",[20,159176,256],{},[16,159178,4806,159179,159181],{},[20,159180,379],{}," returns a class object.",[617,159183,159185,475,159187],{"id":159184},"input-returns-str",[20,159186,1048],{},[20,159188,1542],{},[16,159190,77716],{},[49,159192,159194],{"className":51,"code":159193,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[20,159195,159196,159214],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159197,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159199,526],{"class":286},[58,159201,290],{"class":77},[58,159203,6376],{"class":64},[58,159205,69],{"class":68},[58,159207,940],{"class":939},[58,159209,44478],{"class":943},[58,159211,940],{"class":939},[58,159213,243],{"class":68},[58,159215,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159217,65],{"class":64},[58,159219,69],{"class":68},[58,159221,1316],{"class":991},[58,159223,69],{"class":68},[58,159225,553],{"class":239},[58,159227,85],{"class":68},[16,159229,159230],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[16,159232,159233,159234,966,159236,499],{},"If you need a number, use ",[20,159235,965],{},[20,159237,972],{},[617,159239,159241],{"id":159240},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[16,159243,159244],{},"Avoid code like this:",[49,159246,159248],{"className":51,"code":159247,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[20,159249,159250,159258,159262,159288],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159251,159252,159254,159256],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159253,526],{"class":286},[58,159255,290],{"class":77},[58,159257,33002],{"class":81},[58,159259,159260],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159261,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,159263,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,159265,5127],{"class":1991},[58,159267,47073],{"class":991},[58,159269,69],{"class":68},[58,159271,1316],{"class":991},[58,159273,69],{"class":68},[58,159275,553],{"class":239},[58,159277,3486],{"class":68},[58,159279,4536],{"class":77},[58,159281,1450],{"class":939},[58,159283,157982],{"class":943},[58,159285,940],{"class":939},[58,159287,4521],{"class":68},[58,159289,159290,159292,159294,159296,159299,159301],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,159291,6202],{"class":64},[58,159293,69],{"class":68},[58,159295,940],{"class":939},[58,159297,159298],{"class":943},"It is an int",[58,159300,940],{"class":939},[58,159302,243],{"class":68},[16,159304,159305],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[16,159307,159308],{},"Better options:",[49,159310,159312],{"className":51,"code":159311,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[20,159313,159314,159322,159326,159346],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159315,159316,159318,159320],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159317,526],{"class":286},[58,159319,290],{"class":77},[58,159321,33002],{"class":81},[58,159323,159324],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159325,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,159327,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340,159342,159344],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,159329,65],{"class":64},[58,159331,69],{"class":68},[58,159333,1316],{"class":991},[58,159335,69],{"class":68},[58,159337,553],{"class":239},[58,159339,1770],{"class":68},[58,159341,4536],{"class":77},[58,159343,43444],{"class":991},[58,159345,243],{"class":68},[58,159347,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,159349,65],{"class":64},[58,159351,69],{"class":68},[58,159353,47044],{"class":64},[58,159355,69],{"class":68},[58,159357,553],{"class":239},[58,159359,1082],{"class":68},[58,159361,43444],{"class":991},[58,159363,85],{"class":68},[16,159365,132],{},[49,159367,159368],{"className":51,"code":2624,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,159369,159370,159374],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159371,159372],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159373,2096],{"class":1966},[58,159375,159376],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159377,2096],{"class":1966},[16,159379,159380,159381,159383],{},"In most real code, ",[20,159382,42973],{}," is the more useful check.",[44,159385,914],{"id":913},[16,159387,12881,159388,973],{},[20,159389,379],{},[28,159391,159392,159402,159411,159420],{},[31,159393,6552,159394,159396,159397,159401],{},[20,159395,379],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[374,159398,159399],{"href":6353},[20,159400,1048],{}," always returns a string",[31,159403,6588,159404,159406,159407,9233,159409],{},[20,159405,379],{}," to return plain text like ",[20,159408,256],{},[20,159410,157982],{},[31,159412,6552,159413,42797,159416,159419],{},[20,159414,159415],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[20,159417,159418],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[31,159421,159422],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[16,159424,159425,159426,499],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[374,159427,159429],{"href":159428},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[16,159431,142757],{},[49,159433,159435],{"className":51,"code":159434,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[20,159436,159437,159451,159461,159475,159485],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159438,159439,159441,159443,159445,159447,159449],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159440,65],{"class":64},[58,159442,69],{"class":68},[58,159444,1316],{"class":991},[58,159446,69],{"class":68},[58,159448,553],{"class":239},[58,159450,85],{"class":68},[58,159452,159453,159455,159457,159459],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159454,65],{"class":64},[58,159456,69],{"class":68},[58,159458,553],{"class":239},[58,159460,243],{"class":68},[58,159462,159463,159465,159467,159469,159471,159473],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,159464,65],{"class":64},[58,159466,69],{"class":68},[58,159468,39945],{"class":64},[58,159470,69],{"class":68},[58,159472,553],{"class":239},[58,159474,85],{"class":68},[58,159476,159477,159479,159481,159483],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,159478,30310],{"class":64},[58,159480,69],{"class":68},[58,159482,1316],{"class":991},[58,159484,243],{"class":68},[58,159486,159487,159489,159491,159493],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,159488,32531],{"class":64},[58,159490,69],{"class":68},[58,159492,553],{"class":239},[58,159494,243],{"class":68},[16,159496,159497],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[44,159499,1555],{"id":1554},[617,159501,3265,159503,3268],{"id":159502},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[20,159504,379],{},[16,159506,159507,159508,257,159510,257,159512,261,159514,159516,159517,499],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[20,159509,1542],{},[20,159511,256],{},[20,159513,6227],{},[20,159515,6958],{},", shown as a class object like ",[20,159518,157979],{},[617,159520,13051,159522,55377,159524,573],{"id":159521},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[20,159523,379],{},[20,159525,42973],{},[16,159527,44533,159528,159530,159531,159533],{},[20,159529,379],{}," shows the exact type. ",[20,159532,42973],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[617,159535,3281,159537,159540,159541,573],{"id":159536},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[20,159538,159539],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[20,159542,1542],{},[16,159544,27217,159545,159547,159548,966,159550,158641],{},[20,159546,1048],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[20,159549,965],{},[20,159551,972],{},[617,159553,3293,159555,159557],{"id":159554},"can-type-create-classes",[20,159556,379],{}," create classes?",[16,159559,159560,159561,499],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[20,159562,159563],{},"type(object)",[44,159565,1603],{"id":1602},[28,159567,159568,159572,159578,159584,159588,159594,159600],{},[31,159569,159570],{},[374,159571,42965],{"href":47147},[31,159573,159574],{},[374,159575,1681,159576,1612],{"href":158820},[20,159577,42973],{},[31,159579,159580],{},[374,159581,1681,159582,1612],{"href":6353},[20,159583,1048],{},[31,159585,159586],{},[374,159587,7195],{"href":7117},[31,159589,159590],{},[374,159591,1681,159592,1612],{"href":962},[20,159593,965],{},[31,159595,159596],{},[374,159597,1681,159598,1612],{"href":969},[20,159599,972],{},[31,159601,159602],{},[374,159603,1681,159604,1612],{"href":40341},[20,159605,45852],{},[1635,159607,159608],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":159610},[159611,159612,159614,159615,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159631,159632,159642],{"id":1714,"depth":88,"text":1715},{"id":157985,"depth":88,"text":159613},"What the type() function does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":120059,"depth":88,"text":120060},{"id":158343,"depth":88,"text":159617},"Using type() with variables",{"id":158649,"depth":88,"text":159619},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":158825,"depth":88,"text":159621},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":158975,"depth":88,"text":159623},"When to use type()",{"id":23511,"depth":88,"text":23512,"children":159625},[159626,159628,159630],{"id":159124,"depth":104,"text":159627},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":159184,"depth":104,"text":159629},"input() returns str",{"id":159240,"depth":104,"text":159241},{"id":913,"depth":88,"text":914},{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":159633},[159634,159636,159638,159640],{"id":159502,"depth":104,"text":159635},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":159521,"depth":104,"text":159637},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":159536,"depth":104,"text":159639},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":159554,"depth":104,"text":159641},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":157819,"description":159643},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":159649,"title":159650,"body":159651,"description":162130,"extension":1667,"meta":162131,"navigation":318,"path":162132,"seo":162133,"stem":162134,"__hash__":162135},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":9,"value":159652,"toc":162087},[159653,159658,159663,159672,159674,159774,159776,159801,159806,159811,159827,159830,159832,159834,159859,159862,159865,159948,159950,159999,160002,160124,160126,160199,160203,160206,160320,160322,160348,160350,160371,160376,160380,160385,160388,160492,160494,160511,160520,160523,160610,160612,160623,160628,160634,160639,160645,160648,160741,160743,160792,160798,160801,160902,160904,160957,160962,160966,160969,161068,161070,161109,161112,161117,161119,161124,161128,161241,161245,161342,161346,161434,161436,161453,161457,161580,161586,161592,161598,161603,161606,161633,161637,161639,161733,161736,161740,161743,161830,161833,161868,161870,161907,161910,161918,161923,161928,162002,162009,162011,162016,162019,162025,162028,162034,162039,162045,162050,162054,162057,162059,162084],[12,159654,1681,159656,1685],{"id":159655},"python-zip-function-explained",[20,159657,62493],{},[16,159659,159660,159662],{},[20,159661,62493],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[16,159664,159665,159666,159668,159669,159671],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[20,159667,62493],{}," inside a ",[20,159670,4084],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[44,159673,47],{"id":46},[49,159675,159677],{"className":51,"code":159676,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[20,159678,159679,159711,159731,159735,159760],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159680,159681,159683,159685,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159682,3117],{"class":286},[58,159684,290],{"class":77},[58,159686,1730],{"class":68},[58,159688,940],{"class":939},[58,159690,11026],{"class":943},[58,159692,940],{"class":939},[58,159694,1082],{"class":68},[58,159696,1450],{"class":939},[58,159698,34102],{"class":943},[58,159700,940],{"class":939},[58,159702,1082],{"class":68},[58,159704,1450],{"class":939},[58,159706,34111],{"class":943},[58,159708,940],{"class":939},[58,159710,1743],{"class":68},[58,159712,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159714,3186],{"class":286},[58,159716,290],{"class":77},[58,159718,1730],{"class":68},[58,159720,11649],{"class":81},[58,159722,1082],{"class":68},[58,159724,11654],{"class":81},[58,159726,1082],{"class":68},[58,159728,27076],{"class":81},[58,159730,1743],{"class":68},[58,159732,159733],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,159734,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,159736,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159750,159752,159754,159756,159758],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,159738,4084],{"class":1991},[58,159740,34153],{"class":286},[58,159742,1082],{"class":68},[58,159744,3228],{"class":286},[58,159746,1998],{"class":1991},[58,159748,159749],{"class":64}," zip",[58,159751,69],{"class":68},[58,159753,3161],{"class":239},[58,159755,1082],{"class":68},[58,159757,3233],{"class":239},[58,159759,6476],{"class":68},[58,159761,159762,159764,159766,159768,159770,159772],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,159763,6202],{"class":64},[58,159765,69],{"class":68},[58,159767,5799],{"class":239},[58,159769,1082],{"class":68},[58,159771,129037],{"class":239},[58,159773,243],{"class":68},[16,159775,132],{},[49,159777,159779],{"className":51,"code":159778,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[20,159780,159781,159787,159794],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159782,159783,159785],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159784,132056],{"class":286},[58,159786,31294],{"class":81},[58,159788,159789,159792],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159790,159791],{"class":286},"Ben ",[58,159793,31299],{"class":81},[58,159795,159796,159799],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,159797,159798],{"class":286},"Cara ",[58,159800,31304],{"class":81},[16,159802,155,159803,159805],{},[20,159804,62493],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[44,159807,1788,159809,1791],{"id":159808},"what-zip-does",[20,159810,62493],{},[28,159812,159813,159818,159821,159824],{},[31,159814,159815,159817],{},[20,159816,62493],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[31,159819,159820],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[31,159822,159823],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[31,159825,159826],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[16,159828,159829],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[44,159831,222],{"id":221},[16,159833,5348],{},[49,159835,159837],{"className":51,"code":159836,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[20,159838,159839],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159840,159841,159843,159845,159848,159850,159853,159855,159857],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159842,62563],{"class":64},[58,159844,69],{"class":68},[58,159846,159847],{"class":239},"iterable1",[58,159849,1082],{"class":68},[58,159851,159852],{"class":239}," iterable2",[58,159854,1082],{"class":68},[58,159856,32613],{"class":64},[58,159858,243],{"class":68},[16,159860,159861],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[16,159863,159864],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[49,159866,159868],{"className":51,"code":159867,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[20,159869,159870,159890,159922,159926],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159871,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159873,1725],{"class":286},[58,159875,290],{"class":77},[58,159877,1730],{"class":68},[58,159879,1079],{"class":81},[58,159881,1082],{"class":68},[58,159883,1085],{"class":81},[58,159885,1082],{"class":68},[58,159887,531],{"class":81},[58,159889,1743],{"class":68},[58,159891,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159920],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,159893,34252],{"class":286},[58,159895,290],{"class":77},[58,159897,1730],{"class":68},[58,159899,940],{"class":939},[58,159901,374],{"class":943},[58,159903,940],{"class":939},[58,159905,1082],{"class":68},[58,159907,1450],{"class":939},[58,159909,2882],{"class":943},[58,159911,940],{"class":939},[58,159913,1082],{"class":68},[58,159915,1450],{"class":939},[58,159917,7878],{"class":943},[58,159919,940],{"class":939},[58,159921,1743],{"class":68},[58,159923,159924],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,159925,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,159927,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,159929,65],{"class":64},[58,159931,69],{"class":68},[58,159933,6227],{"class":991},[58,159935,69],{"class":68},[58,159937,62563],{"class":64},[58,159939,69],{"class":68},[58,159941,1757],{"class":239},[58,159943,1082],{"class":68},[58,159945,68270],{"class":239},[58,159947,1002],{"class":68},[16,159949,132],{},[49,159951,159953],{"className":51,"code":159952,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[20,159954,159955],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,159956,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,159958,19893],{"class":68},[58,159960,1079],{"class":81},[58,159962,1082],{"class":68},[58,159964,1391],{"class":939},[58,159966,374],{"class":943},[58,159968,1396],{"class":939},[58,159970,7371],{"class":68},[58,159972,7374],{"class":68},[58,159974,117],{"class":81},[58,159976,1082],{"class":68},[58,159978,1391],{"class":939},[58,159980,2882],{"class":943},[58,159982,1396],{"class":939},[58,159984,7371],{"class":68},[58,159986,7374],{"class":68},[58,159988,123],{"class":81},[58,159990,1082],{"class":68},[58,159992,1391],{"class":939},[58,159994,7878],{"class":943},[58,159996,1396],{"class":939},[58,159998,7387],{"class":68},[16,160000,160001],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[49,160003,160005],{"className":51,"code":160004,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[20,160006,160007,160039,160059,160093,160097],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160008,160009,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035,160037],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160010,3117],{"class":286},[58,160012,290],{"class":77},[58,160014,1730],{"class":68},[58,160016,940],{"class":939},[58,160018,11026],{"class":943},[58,160020,940],{"class":939},[58,160022,1082],{"class":68},[58,160024,1450],{"class":939},[58,160026,34102],{"class":943},[58,160028,940],{"class":939},[58,160030,1082],{"class":68},[58,160032,1450],{"class":939},[58,160034,34111],{"class":943},[58,160036,940],{"class":939},[58,160038,1743],{"class":68},[58,160040,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160042,3186],{"class":286},[58,160044,290],{"class":77},[58,160046,1730],{"class":68},[58,160048,11649],{"class":81},[58,160050,1082],{"class":68},[58,160052,11654],{"class":81},[58,160054,1082],{"class":68},[58,160056,27076],{"class":81},[58,160058,1743],{"class":68},[58,160060,160061,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084,160086,160089,160091],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,160062,160063],{"class":286},"grades ",[58,160065,290],{"class":77},[58,160067,1730],{"class":68},[58,160069,940],{"class":939},[58,160071,20398],{"class":943},[58,160073,940],{"class":939},[58,160075,1082],{"class":68},[58,160077,1450],{"class":939},[58,160079,28757],{"class":943},[58,160081,940],{"class":939},[58,160083,1082],{"class":68},[58,160085,1450],{"class":939},[58,160087,160088],{"class":943},"B+",[58,160090,940],{"class":939},[58,160092,1743],{"class":68},[58,160094,160095],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,160096,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,160098,160099,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160122],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,160100,65],{"class":64},[58,160102,69],{"class":68},[58,160104,6227],{"class":991},[58,160106,69],{"class":68},[58,160108,62563],{"class":64},[58,160110,69],{"class":68},[58,160112,3161],{"class":239},[58,160114,1082],{"class":68},[58,160116,3233],{"class":239},[58,160118,1082],{"class":68},[58,160120,160121],{"class":239}," grades",[58,160123,1002],{"class":68},[16,160125,132],{},[49,160127,160129],{"className":51,"code":160128,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[20,160130,160131],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160132,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160134,19893],{"class":68},[58,160136,1396],{"class":939},[58,160138,11026],{"class":943},[58,160140,1396],{"class":939},[58,160142,1082],{"class":68},[58,160144,18050],{"class":81},[58,160146,1082],{"class":68},[58,160148,1391],{"class":939},[58,160150,20398],{"class":943},[58,160152,1396],{"class":939},[58,160154,7371],{"class":68},[58,160156,7374],{"class":68},[58,160158,1396],{"class":939},[58,160160,34102],{"class":943},[58,160162,1396],{"class":939},[58,160164,1082],{"class":68},[58,160166,11654],{"class":81},[58,160168,1082],{"class":68},[58,160170,1391],{"class":939},[58,160172,28757],{"class":943},[58,160174,1396],{"class":939},[58,160176,7371],{"class":68},[58,160178,7374],{"class":68},[58,160180,1396],{"class":939},[58,160182,34111],{"class":943},[58,160184,1396],{"class":939},[58,160186,1082],{"class":68},[58,160188,27076],{"class":81},[58,160190,1082],{"class":68},[58,160192,1391],{"class":939},[58,160194,160088],{"class":943},[58,160196,1396],{"class":939},[58,160198,7387],{"class":68},[44,160200,160202],{"id":160201},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[16,160204,160205],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[49,160207,160209],{"className":51,"code":160208,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[20,160210,160211,160243,160263,160267,160291],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160212,160213,160215,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225,160227,160229,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239,160241],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160214,3117],{"class":286},[58,160216,290],{"class":77},[58,160218,1730],{"class":68},[58,160220,940],{"class":939},[58,160222,11026],{"class":943},[58,160224,940],{"class":939},[58,160226,1082],{"class":68},[58,160228,1450],{"class":939},[58,160230,34102],{"class":943},[58,160232,940],{"class":939},[58,160234,1082],{"class":68},[58,160236,1450],{"class":939},[58,160238,34111],{"class":943},[58,160240,940],{"class":939},[58,160242,1743],{"class":68},[58,160244,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257,160259,160261],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160246,3186],{"class":286},[58,160248,290],{"class":77},[58,160250,1730],{"class":68},[58,160252,11649],{"class":81},[58,160254,1082],{"class":68},[58,160256,11654],{"class":81},[58,160258,1082],{"class":68},[58,160260,27076],{"class":81},[58,160262,1743],{"class":68},[58,160264,160265],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,160266,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,160268,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,160270,4084],{"class":1991},[58,160272,34153],{"class":286},[58,160274,1082],{"class":68},[58,160276,3228],{"class":286},[58,160278,1998],{"class":1991},[58,160280,159749],{"class":64},[58,160282,69],{"class":68},[58,160284,3161],{"class":239},[58,160286,1082],{"class":68},[58,160288,3233],{"class":239},[58,160290,6476],{"class":68},[58,160292,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,160294,6202],{"class":64},[58,160296,69],{"class":68},[58,160298,20447],{"class":126},[58,160300,940],{"class":943},[58,160302,7416],{"class":81},[58,160304,5799],{"class":239},[58,160306,20456],{"class":81},[58,160308,160309],{"class":943}," scored ",[58,160311,7416],{"class":81},[58,160313,83694],{"class":239},[58,160315,20456],{"class":81},[58,160317,940],{"class":943},[58,160319,243],{"class":68},[16,160321,132],{},[49,160323,160325],{"className":51,"code":160324,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[20,160326,160327,160334,160341],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160328,160329,160332],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160330,160331],{"class":286},"Ana scored ",[58,160333,31294],{"class":81},[58,160335,160336,160339],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160337,160338],{"class":286},"Ben scored ",[58,160340,31299],{"class":81},[58,160342,160343,160346],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,160344,160345],{"class":286},"Cara scored ",[58,160347,31304],{"class":81},[16,160349,43098],{},[28,160351,160352,160361,160364],{},[31,160353,160354,160357,160358],{},[20,160355,160356],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[20,160359,160360],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[31,160362,160363],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[31,160365,160366,2512,160368,160370],{},[20,160367,5799],{},[20,160369,83694],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[16,160372,160373,160374,499],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[374,160375,67787],{"href":67786},[44,160377,160379],{"id":160378},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[16,160381,160382,160384],{},[20,160383,62493],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[16,160386,160387],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[49,160389,160391],{"className":51,"code":160390,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[20,160392,160393,160434,160450,160454,160478],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160394,160395,160397,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160430,160432],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160396,3117],{"class":286},[58,160398,290],{"class":77},[58,160400,1730],{"class":68},[58,160402,940],{"class":939},[58,160404,11026],{"class":943},[58,160406,940],{"class":939},[58,160408,1082],{"class":68},[58,160410,1450],{"class":939},[58,160412,34102],{"class":943},[58,160414,940],{"class":939},[58,160416,1082],{"class":68},[58,160418,1450],{"class":939},[58,160420,34111],{"class":943},[58,160422,940],{"class":939},[58,160424,1082],{"class":68},[58,160426,1450],{"class":939},[58,160428,160429],{"class":943},"Dan",[58,160431,940],{"class":939},[58,160433,1743],{"class":68},[58,160435,160436,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160437,3186],{"class":286},[58,160439,290],{"class":77},[58,160441,1730],{"class":68},[58,160443,11649],{"class":81},[58,160445,1082],{"class":68},[58,160447,11654],{"class":81},[58,160449,1743],{"class":68},[58,160451,160452],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,160453,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,160455,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468,160470,160472,160474,160476],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,160457,4084],{"class":1991},[58,160459,34153],{"class":286},[58,160461,1082],{"class":68},[58,160463,3228],{"class":286},[58,160465,1998],{"class":1991},[58,160467,159749],{"class":64},[58,160469,69],{"class":68},[58,160471,3161],{"class":239},[58,160473,1082],{"class":68},[58,160475,3233],{"class":239},[58,160477,6476],{"class":68},[58,160479,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488,160490],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,160481,6202],{"class":64},[58,160483,69],{"class":68},[58,160485,5799],{"class":239},[58,160487,1082],{"class":68},[58,160489,129037],{"class":239},[58,160491,243],{"class":68},[16,160493,132],{},[49,160495,160497],{"className":51,"code":160496,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[20,160498,160499,160505],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160500,160501,160503],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160502,132056],{"class":286},[58,160504,31294],{"class":81},[58,160506,160507,160509],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160508,159791],{"class":286},[58,160510,31299],{"class":81},[16,160512,362,160513,2512,160516,160519],{},[20,160514,160515],{},"\"Cara\"",[20,160517,160518],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[16,160521,160522],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[49,160524,160526],{"className":51,"code":160525,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[20,160527,160528,160568,160584,160588],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160529,160530,160532,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550,160552,160554,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160531,3117],{"class":286},[58,160533,290],{"class":77},[58,160535,1730],{"class":68},[58,160537,940],{"class":939},[58,160539,11026],{"class":943},[58,160541,940],{"class":939},[58,160543,1082],{"class":68},[58,160545,1450],{"class":939},[58,160547,34102],{"class":943},[58,160549,940],{"class":939},[58,160551,1082],{"class":68},[58,160553,1450],{"class":939},[58,160555,34111],{"class":943},[58,160557,940],{"class":939},[58,160559,1082],{"class":68},[58,160561,1450],{"class":939},[58,160563,160429],{"class":943},[58,160565,940],{"class":939},[58,160567,1743],{"class":68},[58,160569,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578,160580,160582],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160571,3186],{"class":286},[58,160573,290],{"class":77},[58,160575,1730],{"class":68},[58,160577,11649],{"class":81},[58,160579,1082],{"class":68},[58,160581,11654],{"class":81},[58,160583,1743],{"class":68},[58,160585,160586],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,160587,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,160589,160590,160592,160594,160596,160598,160600,160602,160604,160606,160608],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,160591,65],{"class":64},[58,160593,69],{"class":68},[58,160595,9303],{"class":64},[58,160597,69],{"class":68},[58,160599,3161],{"class":239},[58,160601,7371],{"class":68},[58,160603,36550],{"class":64},[58,160605,69],{"class":68},[58,160607,14538],{"class":239},[58,160609,85],{"class":68},[16,160611,132],{},[49,160613,160615],{"className":51,"code":160614,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"4 2\n",[20,160616,160617],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160618,160619,160621],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160620,586],{"class":81},[58,160622,43757],{"class":81},[16,160624,160625,160626,499],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[20,160627,62493],{},[44,160629,90285,160631,160633],{"id":160630},"converting-zip-output",[20,160632,62493],{}," output",[16,160635,27217,160636,160638],{},[20,160637,62493],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[617,160640,155,160642],{"id":160641},"use-listzip",[20,160643,160644],{},"list(zip(...))",[16,160646,160647],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[49,160649,160651],{"className":51,"code":160650,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[20,160652,160653,160685,160705,160709,160731],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160654,160655,160657,160659,160661,160663,160665,160667,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681,160683],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160656,3117],{"class":286},[58,160658,290],{"class":77},[58,160660,1730],{"class":68},[58,160662,940],{"class":939},[58,160664,11026],{"class":943},[58,160666,940],{"class":939},[58,160668,1082],{"class":68},[58,160670,1450],{"class":939},[58,160672,34102],{"class":943},[58,160674,940],{"class":939},[58,160676,1082],{"class":68},[58,160678,1450],{"class":939},[58,160680,34111],{"class":943},[58,160682,940],{"class":939},[58,160684,1743],{"class":68},[58,160686,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701,160703],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160688,3186],{"class":286},[58,160690,290],{"class":77},[58,160692,1730],{"class":68},[58,160694,11649],{"class":81},[58,160696,1082],{"class":68},[58,160698,11654],{"class":81},[58,160700,1082],{"class":68},[58,160702,27076],{"class":81},[58,160704,1743],{"class":68},[58,160706,160707],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,160708,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,160710,160711,160713,160715,160717,160719,160721,160723,160725,160727,160729],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,160712,7353],{"class":286},[58,160714,290],{"class":77},[58,160716,20713],{"class":991},[58,160718,69],{"class":68},[58,160720,62563],{"class":64},[58,160722,69],{"class":68},[58,160724,3161],{"class":239},[58,160726,1082],{"class":68},[58,160728,3233],{"class":239},[58,160730,85],{"class":68},[58,160732,160733,160735,160737,160739],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,160734,65],{"class":64},[58,160736,69],{"class":68},[58,160738,7400],{"class":239},[58,160740,243],{"class":68},[16,160742,132],{},[49,160744,160746],{"className":51,"code":160745,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[20,160747,160748],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160749,160750,160752,160754,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788,160790],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160751,19893],{"class":68},[58,160753,1396],{"class":939},[58,160755,11026],{"class":943},[58,160757,1396],{"class":939},[58,160759,1082],{"class":68},[58,160761,18050],{"class":81},[58,160763,7371],{"class":68},[58,160765,7374],{"class":68},[58,160767,1396],{"class":939},[58,160769,34102],{"class":943},[58,160771,1396],{"class":939},[58,160773,1082],{"class":68},[58,160775,11654],{"class":81},[58,160777,7371],{"class":68},[58,160779,7374],{"class":68},[58,160781,1396],{"class":939},[58,160783,34111],{"class":943},[58,160785,1396],{"class":939},[58,160787,1082],{"class":68},[58,160789,27076],{"class":81},[58,160791,7387],{"class":68},[617,160793,155,160795],{"id":160794},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[20,160796,160797],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[16,160799,160800],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[49,160802,160804],{"className":51,"code":160803,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[20,160805,160806,160838,160866,160870,160892],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160807,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832,160834,160836],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160809,15392],{"class":286},[58,160811,290],{"class":77},[58,160813,1730],{"class":68},[58,160815,940],{"class":939},[58,160817,5799],{"class":943},[58,160819,940],{"class":939},[58,160821,1082],{"class":68},[58,160823,1450],{"class":939},[58,160825,7437],{"class":943},[58,160827,940],{"class":939},[58,160829,1082],{"class":68},[58,160831,1450],{"class":939},[58,160833,8548],{"class":943},[58,160835,940],{"class":939},[58,160837,1743],{"class":68},[58,160839,160840,160842,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,160841,1936],{"class":286},[58,160843,290],{"class":77},[58,160845,1730],{"class":68},[58,160847,940],{"class":939},[58,160849,11026],{"class":943},[58,160851,940],{"class":939},[58,160853,1082],{"class":68},[58,160855,7444],{"class":81},[58,160857,1082],{"class":68},[58,160859,1450],{"class":939},[58,160861,14180],{"class":943},[58,160863,940],{"class":939},[58,160865,1743],{"class":68},[58,160867,160868],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,160869,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882,160884,160886,160888,160890],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,160873,11351],{"class":286},[58,160875,290],{"class":77},[58,160877,7308],{"class":991},[58,160879,69],{"class":68},[58,160881,62563],{"class":64},[58,160883,69],{"class":68},[58,160885,15073],{"class":239},[58,160887,1082],{"class":68},[58,160889,2001],{"class":239},[58,160891,85],{"class":68},[58,160893,160894,160896,160898,160900],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,160895,65],{"class":64},[58,160897,69],{"class":68},[58,160899,15457],{"class":239},[58,160901,243],{"class":68},[16,160903,132],{},[49,160905,160907],{"className":51,"code":160906,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,160908,160909],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160910,160911,160913,160915,160917,160919,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933,160935,160937,160939,160941,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160912,7416],{"class":68},[58,160914,1396],{"class":939},[58,160916,5799],{"class":943},[58,160918,1396],{"class":939},[58,160920,973],{"class":68},[58,160922,1391],{"class":939},[58,160924,11026],{"class":943},[58,160926,1396],{"class":939},[58,160928,1082],{"class":68},[58,160930,1391],{"class":939},[58,160932,7437],{"class":943},[58,160934,1396],{"class":939},[58,160936,973],{"class":68},[58,160938,7444],{"class":81},[58,160940,1082],{"class":68},[58,160942,1391],{"class":939},[58,160944,8548],{"class":943},[58,160946,1396],{"class":939},[58,160948,973],{"class":68},[58,160950,1391],{"class":939},[58,160952,14180],{"class":943},[58,160954,1396],{"class":939},[58,160956,7447],{"class":68},[16,160958,160959,160960,499],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[374,160961,29244],{"href":29243},[617,160963,160965],{"id":160964},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[16,160967,160968],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[49,160970,160972],{"className":51,"code":160971,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[20,160973,160974,160998,161014,161018,161036,161040,161054],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,160975,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,160977,3117],{"class":286},[58,160979,290],{"class":77},[58,160981,1730],{"class":68},[58,160983,940],{"class":939},[58,160985,11026],{"class":943},[58,160987,940],{"class":939},[58,160989,1082],{"class":68},[58,160991,1450],{"class":939},[58,160993,34102],{"class":943},[58,160995,940],{"class":939},[58,160997,1743],{"class":68},[58,160999,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161001,3186],{"class":286},[58,161003,290],{"class":77},[58,161005,1730],{"class":68},[58,161007,11649],{"class":81},[58,161009,1082],{"class":68},[58,161011,11654],{"class":81},[58,161013,1743],{"class":68},[58,161015,161016],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161017,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161019,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161021,7353],{"class":286},[58,161023,290],{"class":77},[58,161025,159749],{"class":64},[58,161027,69],{"class":68},[58,161029,3161],{"class":239},[58,161031,1082],{"class":68},[58,161033,3233],{"class":239},[58,161035,243],{"class":68},[58,161037,161038],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,161039,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161041,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050,161052],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,161043,65],{"class":64},[58,161045,69],{"class":68},[58,161047,6227],{"class":991},[58,161049,69],{"class":68},[58,161051,7400],{"class":239},[58,161053,85],{"class":68},[58,161055,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064,161066],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,161057,65],{"class":64},[58,161059,69],{"class":68},[58,161061,6227],{"class":991},[58,161063,69],{"class":68},[58,161065,7400],{"class":239},[58,161067,85],{"class":68},[16,161069,132],{},[49,161071,161073],{"className":51,"code":161072,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[20,161074,161075,161105],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161076,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161078,19893],{"class":68},[58,161080,1396],{"class":939},[58,161082,11026],{"class":943},[58,161084,1396],{"class":939},[58,161086,1082],{"class":68},[58,161088,18050],{"class":81},[58,161090,7371],{"class":68},[58,161092,7374],{"class":68},[58,161094,1396],{"class":939},[58,161096,34102],{"class":943},[58,161098,1396],{"class":939},[58,161100,1082],{"class":68},[58,161102,11654],{"class":81},[58,161104,7387],{"class":68},[58,161106,161107],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161108,36461],{"class":68},[16,161110,161111],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[16,161113,161114,161115,499],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[374,161116,3259],{"href":3712},[44,161118,39211],{"id":39210},[16,161120,161121,161122,499],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[20,161123,62493],{},[617,161125,161127],{"id":161126},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[49,161129,161131],{"className":51,"code":161130,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[20,161132,161133,161165,161185,161189,161213],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161134,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161136,3117],{"class":286},[58,161138,290],{"class":77},[58,161140,1730],{"class":68},[58,161142,940],{"class":939},[58,161144,11026],{"class":943},[58,161146,940],{"class":939},[58,161148,1082],{"class":68},[58,161150,1450],{"class":939},[58,161152,34102],{"class":943},[58,161154,940],{"class":939},[58,161156,1082],{"class":68},[58,161158,1450],{"class":939},[58,161160,34111],{"class":943},[58,161162,940],{"class":939},[58,161164,1743],{"class":68},[58,161166,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161168,3186],{"class":286},[58,161170,290],{"class":77},[58,161172,1730],{"class":68},[58,161174,11649],{"class":81},[58,161176,1082],{"class":68},[58,161178,11654],{"class":81},[58,161180,1082],{"class":68},[58,161182,27076],{"class":81},[58,161184,1743],{"class":68},[58,161186,161187],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161188,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161190,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161192,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161194,34153],{"class":286},[58,161196,1082],{"class":68},[58,161198,3228],{"class":286},[58,161200,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161202,159749],{"class":64},[58,161204,69],{"class":68},[58,161206,3161],{"class":239},[58,161208,1082],{"class":68},[58,161210,3233],{"class":239},[58,161212,6476],{"class":68},[58,161214,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,161216,6202],{"class":64},[58,161218,69],{"class":68},[58,161220,20447],{"class":126},[58,161222,940],{"class":943},[58,161224,7416],{"class":81},[58,161226,5799],{"class":239},[58,161228,20456],{"class":81},[58,161230,20459],{"class":943},[58,161232,7416],{"class":81},[58,161234,83694],{"class":239},[58,161236,20456],{"class":81},[58,161238,940],{"class":943},[58,161240,243],{"class":68},[617,161242,161244],{"id":161243},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[49,161246,161248],{"className":51,"code":161247,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[20,161249,161250,161282,161306,161310,161332],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161251,161252,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161253,15392],{"class":286},[58,161255,290],{"class":77},[58,161257,1730],{"class":68},[58,161259,940],{"class":939},[58,161261,10794],{"class":943},[58,161263,940],{"class":939},[58,161265,1082],{"class":68},[58,161267,1450],{"class":939},[58,161269,5799],{"class":943},[58,161271,940],{"class":939},[58,161273,1082],{"class":68},[58,161275,1450],{"class":939},[58,161277,13970],{"class":943},[58,161279,940],{"class":939},[58,161281,1743],{"class":68},[58,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161285,1936],{"class":286},[58,161287,290],{"class":77},[58,161289,1730],{"class":68},[58,161291,44760],{"class":81},[58,161293,1082],{"class":68},[58,161295,1450],{"class":939},[58,161297,11026],{"class":943},[58,161299,940],{"class":939},[58,161301,1082],{"class":68},[58,161303,2032],{"class":1966},[58,161305,1743],{"class":68},[58,161307,161308],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161309,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161311,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161313,7303],{"class":286},[58,161315,290],{"class":77},[58,161317,7308],{"class":991},[58,161319,69],{"class":68},[58,161321,62563],{"class":64},[58,161323,69],{"class":68},[58,161325,15073],{"class":239},[58,161327,1082],{"class":68},[58,161329,2001],{"class":239},[58,161331,85],{"class":68},[58,161333,161334,161336,161338,161340],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,161335,65],{"class":64},[58,161337,69],{"class":68},[58,161339,7342],{"class":239},[58,161341,243],{"class":68},[617,161343,161345],{"id":161344},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[49,161347,161349],{"className":51,"code":161348,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[20,161350,161351,161371,161391,161395,161420],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161352,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161354,78832],{"class":286},[58,161356,290],{"class":77},[58,161358,1730],{"class":68},[58,161360,408],{"class":81},[58,161362,1082],{"class":68},[58,161364,5922],{"class":81},[58,161366,1082],{"class":68},[58,161368,5927],{"class":81},[58,161370,1743],{"class":68},[58,161372,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161374,78853],{"class":286},[58,161376,290],{"class":77},[58,161378,1730],{"class":68},[58,161380,408],{"class":81},[58,161382,1082],{"class":68},[58,161384,7444],{"class":81},[58,161386,1082],{"class":68},[58,161388,5927],{"class":81},[58,161390,1743],{"class":68},[58,161392,161393],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161394,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161396,161397,161399,161401,161403,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161398,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161400,55059],{"class":286},[58,161402,1082],{"class":68},[58,161404,161405],{"class":286}," b ",[58,161407,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161409,159749],{"class":64},[58,161411,69],{"class":68},[58,161413,109924],{"class":239},[58,161415,1082],{"class":68},[58,161417,78896],{"class":239},[58,161419,6476],{"class":68},[58,161421,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,161423,6202],{"class":64},[58,161425,69],{"class":68},[58,161427,637],{"class":239},[58,161429,2809],{"class":77},[58,161431,642],{"class":239},[58,161433,243],{"class":68},[16,161435,132],{},[49,161437,161439],{"className":51,"code":161438,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[20,161440,161441,161445,161449],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161442,161443],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161444,2096],{"class":1966},[58,161446,161447],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161448,2157],{"class":1966},[58,161450,161451],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161452,2096],{"class":1966},[617,161454,161456],{"id":161455},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[49,161458,161460],{"className":51,"code":161459,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[20,161461,161462,161497,161520,161524,161551],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161463,161464,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161484,161486,161488,161490,161493,161495],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161465,161466],{"class":286},"products ",[58,161468,290],{"class":77},[58,161470,1730],{"class":68},[58,161472,940],{"class":939},[58,161474,23295],{"class":943},[58,161476,940],{"class":939},[58,161478,1082],{"class":68},[58,161480,1450],{"class":939},[58,161482,161483],{"class":943},"Pen",[58,161485,940],{"class":939},[58,161487,1082],{"class":68},[58,161489,1450],{"class":939},[58,161491,161492],{"class":943},"Bag",[58,161494,940],{"class":939},[58,161496,1743],{"class":68},[58,161498,161499,161501,161503,161505,161508,161510,161513,161515,161518],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161500,81222],{"class":286},[58,161502,290],{"class":77},[58,161504,1730],{"class":68},[58,161506,161507],{"class":81},"12.5",[58,161509,1082],{"class":68},[58,161511,161512],{"class":81}," 1.2",[58,161514,1082],{"class":68},[58,161516,161517],{"class":81}," 25.0",[58,161519,1743],{"class":68},[58,161521,161522],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161523,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161525,161526,161528,161530,161532,161535,161537,161539,161541,161544,161546,161549],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161527,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161529,23356],{"class":286},[58,161531,1082],{"class":68},[58,161533,161534],{"class":286}," price ",[58,161536,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161538,159749],{"class":64},[58,161540,69],{"class":68},[58,161542,161543],{"class":239},"products",[58,161545,1082],{"class":68},[58,161547,161548],{"class":239}," prices",[58,161550,6476],{"class":68},[58,161552,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,161554,6202],{"class":64},[58,161556,69],{"class":68},[58,161558,20447],{"class":126},[58,161560,940],{"class":943},[58,161562,7416],{"class":81},[58,161564,25164],{"class":239},[58,161566,20456],{"class":81},[58,161568,161569],{"class":943}," costs $",[58,161571,7416],{"class":81},[58,161573,23304],{"class":239},[58,161575,20456],{"class":81},[58,161577,940],{"class":943},[58,161579,243],{"class":68},[16,161581,34764,161582,499],{},[374,161583,161585],{"href":161584},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[44,161587,161589,161590],{"id":161588},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[20,161591,62493],{},[617,161593,6588,161595,161597],{"id":161594},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[20,161596,62493],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[16,161599,161600,161602],{},[20,161601,62493],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[16,161604,161605],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[49,161607,161609],{"className":51,"code":161608,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[20,161610,161611],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161612,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161614,65],{"class":64},[58,161616,69],{"class":68},[58,161618,9303],{"class":64},[58,161620,69],{"class":68},[58,161622,109924],{"class":239},[58,161624,7371],{"class":68},[58,161626,36550],{"class":64},[58,161628,69],{"class":68},[58,161630,79119],{"class":239},[58,161632,85],{"class":68},[617,161634,161636],{"id":161635},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[16,161638,67010],{},[49,161640,161642],{"className":51,"code":161641,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[20,161643,161644,161680,161684,161697,161707,161711,161723],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161645,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161647,7353],{"class":286},[58,161649,290],{"class":77},[58,161651,159749],{"class":64},[58,161653,1076],{"class":68},[58,161655,1079],{"class":81},[58,161657,1082],{"class":68},[58,161659,1085],{"class":81},[58,161661,16213],{"class":68},[58,161663,1730],{"class":68},[58,161665,940],{"class":939},[58,161667,374],{"class":943},[58,161669,940],{"class":939},[58,161671,1082],{"class":68},[58,161673,1450],{"class":939},[58,161675,2882],{"class":943},[58,161677,940],{"class":939},[58,161679,2004],{"class":68},[58,161681,161682],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161683,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161685,161686,161688,161690,161692,161695],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161687,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161689,4087],{"class":286},[58,161691,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161693,161694],{"class":286}," pairs",[58,161696,4521],{"class":68},[58,161698,161699,161701,161703,161705],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161700,6202],{"class":64},[58,161702,69],{"class":68},[58,161704,21464],{"class":239},[58,161706,243],{"class":68},[58,161708,161709],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,161710,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161712,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721],{"class":60,"line":1501},[58,161714,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161716,4087],{"class":286},[58,161718,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161720,161694],{"class":286},[58,161722,4521],{"class":68},[58,161724,161725,161727,161729,161731],{"class":60,"line":4543},[58,161726,6202],{"class":64},[58,161728,69],{"class":68},[58,161730,21464],{"class":239},[58,161732,243],{"class":68},[16,161734,161735],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[617,161737,161739],{"id":161738},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[16,161741,161742],{},"This is correct:",[49,161744,161746],{"className":51,"code":161745,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[20,161747,161748,161772,161788,161792,161816],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161749,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161751,3117],{"class":286},[58,161753,290],{"class":77},[58,161755,1730],{"class":68},[58,161757,940],{"class":939},[58,161759,11026],{"class":943},[58,161761,940],{"class":939},[58,161763,1082],{"class":68},[58,161765,1450],{"class":939},[58,161767,34102],{"class":943},[58,161769,940],{"class":939},[58,161771,1743],{"class":68},[58,161773,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161775,3186],{"class":286},[58,161777,290],{"class":77},[58,161779,1730],{"class":68},[58,161781,11649],{"class":81},[58,161783,1082],{"class":68},[58,161785,11654],{"class":81},[58,161787,1743],{"class":68},[58,161789,161790],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161791,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161793,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161795,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161797,34153],{"class":286},[58,161799,1082],{"class":68},[58,161801,3228],{"class":286},[58,161803,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161805,159749],{"class":64},[58,161807,69],{"class":68},[58,161809,3161],{"class":239},[58,161811,1082],{"class":68},[58,161813,3233],{"class":239},[58,161815,6476],{"class":68},[58,161817,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828],{"class":60,"line":333},[58,161819,6202],{"class":64},[58,161821,69],{"class":68},[58,161823,5799],{"class":239},[58,161825,1082],{"class":68},[58,161827,129037],{"class":239},[58,161829,243],{"class":68},[16,161831,161832],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[49,161834,161836],{"className":51,"code":161835,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[20,161837,161838,161858],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161839,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161841,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161843,4087],{"class":286},[58,161845,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161847,159749],{"class":64},[58,161849,69],{"class":68},[58,161851,3161],{"class":239},[58,161853,1082],{"class":68},[58,161855,3233],{"class":239},[58,161857,6476],{"class":68},[58,161859,161860,161862,161864,161866],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161861,6202],{"class":64},[58,161863,69],{"class":68},[58,161865,21464],{"class":239},[58,161867,243],{"class":68},[16,161869,132],{},[49,161871,161873],{"className":51,"code":161872,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[20,161874,161875,161891],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161876,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161878,69],{"class":68},[58,161880,1396],{"class":939},[58,161882,11026],{"class":943},[58,161884,1396],{"class":939},[58,161886,1082],{"class":68},[58,161888,18050],{"class":81},[58,161890,243],{"class":68},[58,161892,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161894,69],{"class":68},[58,161896,1396],{"class":939},[58,161898,34102],{"class":943},[58,161900,1396],{"class":939},[58,161902,1082],{"class":68},[58,161904,11654],{"class":81},[58,161906,243],{"class":68},[16,161908,161909],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[617,161911,6552,161913,161915,161916],{"id":161912},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[20,161914,62493],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[20,161917,33910],{},[16,161919,155,161920,161922],{},[20,161921,62493],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[16,161924,155,161925,161927],{},[20,161926,33910],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[49,161929,161930],{"className":51,"code":34079,"language":53,"meta":54,"style":54},[20,161931,161932,161964,161968,161988],{"__ignoreMap":54},[58,161933,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962],{"class":60,"line":61},[58,161935,3117],{"class":286},[58,161937,290],{"class":77},[58,161939,1730],{"class":68},[58,161941,940],{"class":939},[58,161943,11026],{"class":943},[58,161945,940],{"class":939},[58,161947,1082],{"class":68},[58,161949,1450],{"class":939},[58,161951,34102],{"class":943},[58,161953,940],{"class":939},[58,161955,1082],{"class":68},[58,161957,1450],{"class":939},[58,161959,34111],{"class":943},[58,161961,940],{"class":939},[58,161963,1743],{"class":68},[58,161965,161966],{"class":60,"line":88},[58,161967,319],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":318},[58,161969,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986],{"class":60,"line":104},[58,161971,4084],{"class":1991},[58,161973,33982],{"class":286},[58,161975,1082],{"class":68},[58,161977,34130],{"class":286},[58,161979,1998],{"class":1991},[58,161981,33992],{"class":64},[58,161983,69],{"class":68},[58,161985,3161],{"class":239},[58,161987,6476],{"class":68},[58,161989,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000],{"class":60,"line":322},[58,161991,6202],{"class":64},[58,161993,69],{"class":68},[58,161995,34007],{"class":239},[58,161997,1082],{"class":68},[58,161999,34153],{"class":239},[58,162001,243],{"class":68},[16,162003,162004,162005,499],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[374,162006,1681,162007,1612],{"href":90197},[20,162008,33910],{},[44,162010,1555],{"id":1554},[617,162012,3265,162014,3268],{"id":162013},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[20,162015,62493],{},[16,162017,162018],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[617,162020,10849,162022,162024],{"id":162021},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[20,162023,62493],{}," work with different lengths?",[16,162026,162027],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[617,162029,162031,162032,573],{"id":162030},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[20,162033,62493],{},[16,162035,162036,162037,499],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[20,162038,160644],{},[617,162040,162042,162043,573],{"id":162041},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[20,162044,62493],{},[16,162046,126402,162047,162049],{},[20,162048,160797],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[617,162051,162053],{"id":162052},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[16,162055,162056],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[44,162058,1603],{"id":1602},[28,162060,162061,162066,162072,162076,162080],{},[31,162062,162063],{},[374,162064,162065],{"href":161584},"How to use zip in Python",[31,162067,162068],{},[374,162069,1681,162070,1612],{"href":90197},[20,162071,33910],{},[31,162073,162074],{},[374,162075,3340],{"href":3712},[31,162077,162078],{},[374,162079,67863],{"href":67786},[31,162081,162082],{},[374,162083,30418],{"href":29243},[1635,162085,162086],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":54,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":162088},[162089,162090,162092,162093,162094,162095,162103,162109,162118,162129],{"id":46,"depth":88,"text":47},{"id":159808,"depth":88,"text":162091},"What zip() does",{"id":221,"depth":88,"text":222},{"id":160201,"depth":88,"text":160202},{"id":160378,"depth":88,"text":160379},{"id":160630,"depth":88,"text":162096,"children":162097},"Converting zip() output",[162098,162100,162102],{"id":160641,"depth":104,"text":162099},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":160794,"depth":104,"text":162101},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":160964,"depth":104,"text":160965},{"id":39210,"depth":88,"text":39211,"children":162104},[162105,162106,162107,162108],{"id":161126,"depth":104,"text":161127},{"id":161243,"depth":104,"text":161244},{"id":161344,"depth":104,"text":161345},{"id":161455,"depth":104,"text":161456},{"id":161588,"depth":88,"text":162110,"children":162111},"Common mistakes with zip()",[162112,162114,162115,162116],{"id":161594,"depth":104,"text":162113},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":161635,"depth":104,"text":161636},{"id":161738,"depth":104,"text":161739},{"id":161912,"depth":104,"text":162117},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1554,"depth":88,"text":1555,"children":162119},[162120,162122,162124,162126,162128],{"id":162013,"depth":104,"text":162121},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":162021,"depth":104,"text":162123},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":162030,"depth":104,"text":162125},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":162041,"depth":104,"text":162127},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":162052,"depth":104,"text":162053},{"id":1602,"depth":88,"text":1603},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":159650,"description":162130},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945122922]